sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['Previous studies have shown that anti-GQ1b antibodies induce massive neuromuscular blocking. If anti-GM1 and -GD1a antibodies have similar effects on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in human limb muscles, this may explain selective motor involvement in axonal Guillain--Barré syndrome (GBS).', 'Axonal-stimulating sin... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4824626445770264,
-1.2857356071472168,
2.84040904045105
] |
['Mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) results in a discordant cell signaling, leading to the development of various diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the alteration of downstream signaling due to such mutation has not yet been completely understood at the system level. Here, we report a ph... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.654370069503784,
-0.821119487285614,
2.529791831970215
] |
['Abnormal β-catenin immunohistochemistry and mutations of the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) have been reported in adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), but the frequencies of these defects and the phenotype of such tumors have not been clearly determined.', 'The objective of the study was to describe the Wnt/β-catenin pathway alt... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7749215364456177,
-1.577019214630127,
2.3620693683624268
] |
['Caudal-related homeobox protein 2 (Cdx2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor that is important for intestinal development and intestine-specific gene expression. Cdx2 regulates intestinal cell-cell adhesion, proliferation, and the transcriptional activities of Wnt and β-catenin in cell culture systems. We g... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4300434589385986,
-1.2792694568634033,
2.7501187324523926
] |
['Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in endemic countries and is caused by infections with any one of three primary schistosome species. Although there are no vaccines available to date, this strategy appears feasible since natural immunity develops in individuals suffering from repeated infection du... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.316737174987793,
-1.2671964168548584,
2.6630947589874268
] |
['Devriesea agamarum infection causes chronic proliferative dermatitis, especially in desert dwelling lizards. The present study was concerned with evaluating persistency of D. agamarum in the environment and the evaluation of the efficacy of various disinfection procedures.', 'First, the survival of D. agamarum was as... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5122673511505127,
-0.9118959307670593,
2.585419178009033
] |
['HLA antibodies might contribute to the pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). HLA antibody detection methods include ELISA, flow cytometry, and multiplex bead-based assays, as well as the older lymphocytotoxicity assay, and it is not obvious how to compare results across platforms.', 'Five hun... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8407566547393799,
-1.4079288244247437,
2.3304569721221924
] |
['Immunolabeling of metaphase chromosome spreads can map components of the human epigenome at the single cell level. Previously, there has been no systematic attempt to explore the potential of this approach for epigenomic mapping and thereby to complement approaches based on chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and se... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.408280611038208,
-1.2224042415618896,
2.770989179611206
] |
['Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normally produced in respiratory and photosynthetic electron chains and their production is enhanced during desiccation/rehydration. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous and multifaceted molecule involved in cell signaling and abiotic stress. Lichens are poikilohydrous organisms that ca... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.603073835372925,
-1.1021822690963745,
2.7788491249084473
] |
['To develop an artificial neural network to predict significant fibrosis (F≥2) (ANN-SF) in HIV/Hepatitis C (HCV) coinfected patients using clinical data derived from peripheral blood.', 'Patients were randomly divided into an estimation group (217 cases) used to generate the ANN and a test group (145 cases) used to co... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.5434406399726868,
-1.8141765594482422,
1.3755321502685547
] |
['Glutamatergic transmission is one of the main components of the stress response; nevertheless, its role in the emotional stress sequelae is not known. Here, we investigated whether interactions between group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [m... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.622880220413208,
-1.0578962564468384,
2.668767213821411
] |
['Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has been shown to exert both beneficial metabolic effects and potentially adverse vascular effects in preclinical studies. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of leptin receptor signaling pathways on atherosclerosis in the setting of obesity and hyper... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2973055839538574,
-1.3452271223068237,
2.6701436042785645
] |
['This prospective study aimed to determine whether carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and biomarkers can enhance the predictive value of classic atherosclerosis risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular (CV) event risk in patients with confirmed atherosclerosis.', 'Baseline levels of hs-CRP, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3989075422286987,
-1.7492552995681763,
2.1567063331604004
] |
['urinary tract infection is a common problem during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can cause the development of serious complications affecting both the mother and foetus. Urine culture, the traditional screening test is relatively expensive, time consuming and requires a microbiology laboratory and trained staff... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3384649753570557,
-1.185620665550232,
2.7106504440307617
] |
['People with Type D-Distressed-personality have a general tendency towards increased negative affectivity (NA), while at the same time inhibiting these emotions in social situations (SI). Type D personality is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Whether Type D... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3796230554580688,
-1.0052753686904907,
1.4538812637329102
] |
['Using the FIV model, we reported previously that CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells from FIV+ cats are constitutively activated and suppress CD4+CD25- and CD8+ T cell immune responses. In an effort to further explore Treg-mediated suppression, we asked whether Treg cells induce anergy through the alteration of produ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.125854730606079,
-1.3293919563293457,
2.4328420162200928
] |
['Major trauma is characterized by an overwhelming pro-inflammatory response and an accompanying anti-inflammatory response that lead to a state of immunosuppression, as observed after septic shock. Diminished monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen DR (mHLA-DR) is a reliable marker of monocyte dysfunction and immunosuppressi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6738049983978271,
-1.5847203731536865,
2.3182220458984375
] |
['Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis. Statins have several pleotropic effects and their mechanisms of action could be related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and immunomodulatory effects.', 'To determine whether statin therapy affects the severity of chronic gastritis.', 'In a ret... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6914552450180054,
-1.569771409034729,
2.2375283241271973
] |
['To investigate the effects and the protective mechanism of iridoid glycosides (IG) enriched from Folium syringae leaves on ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.', 'UC in rats was induced by colonic administration with TNBS. IG (80, 160 and 240 mg/kg) was administe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.213306188583374,
-1.446984052658081,
2.7159667015075684
] |
['Cornus kousa F.Buerger ex Miquel, an oriental medicinal plant, has been traditionally used for the treatment of hyperglycemia, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand-binding activity of Cornus kousa and to ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4244368076324463,
-1.274035930633545,
2.747774124145508
] |
['Chloroquine causes rare but life-threatening toxicity. The prognostic value of plasma chloroquine concentrations in acute poisonings remains poorly investigated. We investigated the hypothesis that blood chloroquine concentrations better predicted chloroquine poisoning severity than plasma concentrations.', 'A prospe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9120709896087646,
-1.533951759338379,
2.4796504974365234
] |
['Loss of functional Myostatin results in a dramatic increase in skeletal muscle mass. It is unknown what role miRNAs play in Myostatin mediated repression of skeletal muscle mass. We hypothesized that Myostatin genotype would be associated with the differential expression of miRNAs in skeletal muscle.', 'Loss of funct... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.068267822265625,
-0.9196605086326599,
2.052311897277832
] |
['Despite long standing iodine supplementation in Iran the prevalence of goiter remains high in some areas. In the present study we investigated the possible role of thiocyanate as a goitrogen in the etiology of goiter in Isfahan, Iran.', 'A total of 2331 (6-13 year old) school children were selected by multistage rand... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.8518834114074707,
-1.4414992332458496,
1.398092269897461
] |
['Intradialytic hypotension remains the most common complication of routine outpatient hemodialysis treatments. There is debate as to the optimum dialysate sodium concentration, with hypotonic dialysates potentially causing intracellular swelling and hypertonic ones intracellular dehydration.', 'Multi-frequency bioimpe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7602572441101074,
-1.6066797971725464,
2.378586769104004
] |
['Previous studies suggest a link between gut microbiota and the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate any quantitative differences in faecal bacterial compositions in UC and IBS patients compared to healthy controls, and to identify individual bacterial s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.679563045501709,
-1.4532599449157715,
2.112154483795166
] |
['Concern exists over the subsequent development of hypertension after shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of symptomatic urolithiasis. Referral bias and lack of long-term followup have been limitations of prior studies.', 'We identified all Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with a diagnosis of urolithiasis from... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.765547275543213,
-1.2261388301849365,
2.0192229747772217
] |
["Pyrenophora teres f. teres is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen and the cause of one of barley's most important diseases, net form of net blotch. Here we report the first genome assembly for this species based solely on short Solexa sequencing reads of isolate 0-1. The assembly was validated by comparison to BAC sequenc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2140283584594727,
-1.1818559169769287,
2.5268099308013916
] |
['The incorporation of sex and gender-specific analysis in medical research is increasing due to pressure from public agencies, funding bodies, and the clinical and research community. However, generations of knowledge and publication trends in this discipline are currently spread over distinct specialties and are diff... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.3466267585754395,
1.4853534698486328,
0.17302227020263672
] |
['The health and longevity effects of body weight reduction resulting from exercise and caloric restriction in rodents are well known, but less is known about whether similar effects occur with weight reduction from the use of a pharmaceutical agent such as sibutramine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.'] ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6573116779327393,
-0.3780217170715332,
2.2242431640625
] |
['The possible effect of obesity in the outcome of treated children with abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has not yet been studied. We hypothesized that obesity is associated with a poor long-term prognosis in children with FGIDs.', 'Prospective cohort study in an outpatient clinic-b... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.673129916191101,
-0.34852150082588196,
1.1789331436157227
] |
['To determine susceptibility genes for high myopia in Singaporean Chinese.', 'A meta-analysis of 2 genome-wide association (GWA) datasets in Chinese and a follow-up replication cohort in Japanese.', 'Two independent datasets of Singaporean Chinese individuals aged 10 to 12 years (Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk fac... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.5691989064216614,
-1.5203534364700317,
1.075713872909546
] |
['To investigate whether previous laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) affected adversely key outcome measures in radical prostatectomy, including perioperative data, pathologic data, complications, potency, continence, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We have shown previously that LIHR does not preclude safe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.014652967453003,
-1.499369740486145,
2.5360188484191895
] |
["Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the leading cause of dementia. Recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the first strongly supported LOAD susceptibility genes since the discovery of the involvement of APOE in the early 1990s. We have now exploited these GWAS datasets to uncover key LOAD... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.7937076091766357,
-0.1786125898361206,
2.1150431632995605
] |
['Autologous transplanted fat has a high resorption rate, providing a clinical challenge for the means to reduce it. Erythropoietin (EPO) has non-hematopoietic targets, and we hypothesized that EPO may improve long-term fat graft survival because it has both pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties. We aimed to det... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3150055408477783,
-1.2591530084609985,
2.6037302017211914
] |
['Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are radiologic markers of small vessel disease in brain, and inflammatory processes were related to WMLs. We propose to determine if elevated leukocyte count was associated with a higher risk of WMLs.', '1586 asymptomatic subjects who visited our hospital for a routine health chec... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5859118700027466,
-1.436721920967102,
2.0367488861083984
] |
['To investigate the roles of Twist1 and Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) and their potential as therapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BC), as both have been suggested to play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and drug resistance.', 'Bladder cancer cell lines (TCCsup, UMUC3, T24 and KK47 cells) were used. Twist... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.466724395751953,
-1.1990067958831787,
2.751883029937744
] |
['Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases during exercise by release from active muscles and during prolonged exercise also from the brain. The IL-6 release from muscles continues into recovery and we tested whether the brain also releases IL-6 in recovery from prolonged exercise in humans. Additionally, it was evaluated... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1212859153747559,
-1.5201560258865356,
1.6824662685394287
] |
['Although numerous studies have reported negative associations between sleep duration and body size, no studies of this association have focused on Hispanic groups, which was the goal of this work.', 'Data are from adults in the 1982-1984 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), which enrolled Cuban-... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 0 | [
0.09630437940359116,
-0.5058446526527405,
-0.4414557218551636
] |
['We investigate the influence that inguinal fat has on maximal quadriceps response to femoral nerve magnetic stimulation.', 'Vastus lateralis M-wave amplitude and quadriceps twitch peak torque were measured (i) in lean and overweight subjects and (ii) when slices of pig fat ranging from 2 to 18 mm in thickness were pl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0485126972198486,
-0.6932518482208252,
1.8342571258544922
] |
['Spina bifida cystica (SBC) is a group of neurodevelopmental defects caused by improper neural tube closure, which may be responsible for deficits in cognitive functions. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in normal appearing deep gray and white matter brain regions in SBC patients compared with controls... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.39009165763855,
-1.2618703842163086,
2.7060000896453857
] |
['Continuous treatment with nitroglycerin (GTN) causes tolerance and endothelial dysfunction, both of which may involve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction. eNOS dysfunction may be linked to depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin, and folic acid may be involved in the regeneration of this cofactor. It has be... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1859424114227295,
-1.5136678218841553,
2.6612496376037598
] |
['The effects of 30 min of exercise on postprandial lipaemia in the overweight and obese are unknown as previous studies have only investigated bouts of at least 60 min in lean, healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a single 30-min bout of resistance, aerobic or combined exercise at mode... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.02799654006958,
-0.6350733041763306,
1.7538164854049683
] |
['Recent studies indicated that soluble OX40 ligand (OX40L) levels were increased in acute coronary syndrome. But the association between sOX40L and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) has not been evaluated.', 'We measured plasma soluble OX40L (sOX40L) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in 35 patients with stable angi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.051640748977661,
-1.4528982639312744,
2.531214952468872
] |
['Lutein is recovered at high concentration in the human macula lutea. Recent studies suggest that this micronutrient might be implicated in prevention of age-related macular degeneration.', 'to identify genes which affect blood and retina lutein concentrations among candidate genes (intestinal sterol transporters and ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8517814874649048,
-1.3606102466583252,
2.192469596862793
] |
['The modified Th2 response, defined as an IgG4 response in the absence of IgE, is suggested to protect against the development of allergic sensitization. However, studies suggesting this protective effect all had a cross-sectional design, making it impossible to study the development of both responses.', 'We aimed to ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2729220390319824,
-0.6342995166778564,
1.9419777393341064
] |
['Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and accounts for substantial morbidity and disability, particularly in older people. It is characterised by changes in joint structure, including degeneration of the articular cartilage, and its aetiology is multifactorial with a strong postulated genetic co... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9559916257858276,
-1.1790615320205688,
2.255866050720215
] |
['Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Recent ongoing evidence indicates that the ACPA response broadens before precipitation of full-blown RA, as indicated by a more extensive isotype usage and an increased citr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.454928398132324,
-1.1466786861419678,
2.6396639347076416
] |
['The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the reason for non-response (caused by immunogenicity or not) to a first tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor defines whether a second TNF inhibitor will be effective.', "This cohort study consisted of 292 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), all... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4724210500717163,
-1.5921179056167603,
2.0336732864379883
] |
['Matricellular proteins are extracellular regulators of cellular adhesion, signaling and performing a variety of physiological behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation. Within vascular microenvironments, matricellular proteins exert both positive and negative regulatory cues to vascular endotheli... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4748404026031494,
-1.2175077199935913,
2.7729294300079346
] |
['Free-flying insectivorous bats occasionally collide with stationary objects they should easily detect by echolocation and avoid. Collisions often occur with lighted objects, suggesting ambient light may deleteriously affect obstacle avoidance capabilities. We tested the hypothesis that free-flying bats may orient by ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.686913251876831,
2.73828387260437,
-0.8092966675758362
] |
['Abnormal germline DNA methylation in males has been proposed as a possible mechanism compromising spermatogenesis of some men currently diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. Previous studies have been focused on imprinted genes with DNA methylation in poor quality human sperms. However, recent but limited data have ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.159132719039917,
-1.362243890762329,
2.492021083831787
] |
['Expression of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) was increased in several types of tumors, including esophageal, gastric and colon tumors, compared to normal tissue. MAC30 expression levels gradually increased from normal colorectal mucosa to primary colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer spreading to the lym... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.07973051071167,
-1.2810180187225342,
2.3776938915252686
] |
['Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs3775291) in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD in Caucasian populations. The aim of this study was to examine this association in Chinese p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0371041297912598,
-1.4142515659332275,
2.4751505851745605
] |
['Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex (ARHS) presents with progressive hair loss mainly affecting the scalp area. In a small number of families, the condition has been associated with mutations in three distinct genes: DSG4, LIPH and LPAR6.', 'To identify the molecular basis of ARHS in a consanguineous family of ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4914495944976807,
-1.1819517612457275,
2.7625441551208496
] |
["The safety and short-term outcome of laparoscopic surgery for recurrent ileocolic Crohn's disease was compared with the outcome following primary resection.", 'Between June 2002 and June 2010, 59 consecutive unselected patients (30 of whom had recurrent disease) underwent laparoscopic ileocolic resection. Four primar... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7833880186080933,
-1.252316951751709,
1.9967458248138428
] |
['Trans-urocanic acid is isomerized to cis-urocanic acid (C-UCA) by ultraviolet radiation. C-UCA suppresses immunity in vitro and in vivo in animals; its effect on human skin is unknown. We sought to determine whether its topical application to normal skin suppresses induction of immunity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0587687492370605,
-1.4536830186843872,
2.5252327919006348
] |
['Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the principal etiological factor in skin carcinogenesis. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated previously that oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes are associated with skin cell response to UVR stress.', 'Spontaneousl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.239625930786133,
-1.2201546430587769,
2.4808549880981445
] |
['Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have increased resistance to cancer chemotherapy. They can be enriched as drug-surviving CSCs (D-CSCs) by growth with chemotherapeutic drugs, and/or by sorting of cells expressing CSC markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH). CSCs form colonies in agar, mammospheres in low-adherence cu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4049508571624756,
-1.322866439819336,
2.7686562538146973
] |
['To determine whether integrin-linked kinase (ILK) controls the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the trabecular meshwork (TM) by regulating integrin co-signaling.', 'The cell binding domain and the Heparin II (Hep II) domain of fibronectin were used to activate α5β1 and α4β1 integrin signaling, respectively, ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.440934896469116,
-1.0992342233657837,
2.6104929447174072
] |
['The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered a primary site of pathology in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most prevalent form of irreversible blindness worldwide in the elderly population. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a key signaling molecule in numerous cellular pro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3705108165740967,
-1.3151785135269165,
2.694204807281494
] |
['Claudins, a large family of essential tight junction (TJ) proteins, are abnormally regulated in human carcinomas, especially claudin-7. The aim of this study was to investigate claudin-7 expression and alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).', "Expression of claudin-7 was analysed in 132 cases of OSCC org... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.327362060546875,
-1.356273889541626,
2.693819999694824
] |
['Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is becoming a standard imaging tool during cardiac surgery as well as an important diagnostic tool in cardiology and in intensive care, resulting in an increasing demand for TEE training. To address the problem of limited time for learning during TEE studies, we have developed a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.637852668762207,
-0.9627686738967896,
1.58790922164917
] |
['Legionella pneumophila (LPN) can cause a lethal infectious disease with a marked inflammatory response in humans. However, the mechanism of this severe inflammation remains poorly understood. Since necrosis is known to induce inflammation, we investigated whether LPN induces necrosis in macrophages. We also analyzed ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.445892572402954,
-1.3264436721801758,
2.8583590984344482
] |
['Ty1 is a long terminal repeat retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a replication cycle similar to retrovirus replication. Structurally, Ty1 contains long terminal repeat (LTR) regions flanking the gag and pol genes that encode for the proteins that enable Ty1 mobility. Reverse transcriptase produces Ty1 ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1554365158081055,
-1.2755969762802124,
2.468858242034912
] |
['Maintenance of appropriate capillary blood glucose in cardiovascular surgery patients has been associated with improved outcomes, including lower mortality. Interpatient variability in insulin resistance can make management difficult, leading to unexpected episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. To improve postop... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.751122236251831,
-1.3158283233642578,
2.0872962474823
] |
['It has been proven that CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is closely related with the lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanism of NSCLC metastasis is not very clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expressions of CCR7 and MMP-9 in NSCLC and the relationship of their expr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.785507321357727,
-1.5073606967926025,
2.262801170349121
] |
['Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients exposed to environmental radioiodine after the Chernobyl accident is thought to have a relatively aggressive clinical course. Long-term results of treatment are not well known, especially in comparison with sporadic PTC.', 'The determination of risk factors for PTC recurr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1675798892974854,
-1.244767427444458,
2.511563777923584
] |
['This study investigated the effects of inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the first postpartum cycle in marmosets housed with a fertile male where a 90% fertility rate is normal.', 'On resumption of mating, females were treated with either 25 mg/kg aflibercept, a potent VEGF inhibitor, or ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.445183277130127,
-1.0607434511184692,
2.532602310180664
] |
['the molecular basis for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability with high risk of plaque rupture and thromboembolism is complex. We investigated whether clinical estimates of plaque stability correlate with differentially expressed mRNA transcripts within the lesion.', 'endarterectomy samples from patients undergoing su... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3171207904815674,
-1.4259511232376099,
2.7614240646362305
] |
['We examined the role of prosthesis-patient mismatch on left ventricular mass regression after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic valve regurgitation.', 'We selected patients who had complete preoperative and follow-up echocardiograms with measurement of left ventricular mass. Patients were excluded who had m... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.327621579170227,
-1.733572006225586,
2.050173044204712
] |
['High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein and cytokine highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, but its pathophysiological role in atherosclerosis is unknown. We investigated its role in the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.', 'Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.265465497970581,
-1.4225791692733765,
2.713923931121826
] |
['Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been reported to decrease vascular lesion formation. However, the critical role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) PPARγ in vascular lesion formation following transplantation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of VSMC PPARγ-medi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.433393716812134,
-1.3354490995407104,
2.809476375579834
] |
['horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by mutation in the ROBO3 gene. It is characterized by absent horizontal eye movements with progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. To our knowledge, both diffusion tensor imaging evaluation in HGPPS pa... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6040608882904053,
-1.0572595596313477,
2.7587714195251465
] |
['we have shown that anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy to neutralize the neurite growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A results in functional improvement and enhanced plasticity after ischemic stroke in the adult rat. The present study investigated whether functional improvement and neuronal plasticity can be induced by this immunot... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4652929306030273,
-1.2189029455184937,
2.716731548309326
] |
['Subjects with depression might request more healthcare services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of depressive symptoms with hospitalization and mortality rates in a general unselected older population.', 'We assessed the association of the 30-items Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score with on... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4966799020767212,
-0.4343942105770111,
1.1342871189117432
] |
['The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that vascular and endothelial functional responses to acute mental stress are abnormal in patients with apical ballooning syndrome (ABS).', 'Apical ballooning syndrome is a transient cardiomyopathy that occurs predominantly in post-menopausal women and may be tr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2269997596740723,
-1.1368346214294434,
2.3816723823547363
] |
['Cirrhosis is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China, while little is known of the genetic susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis. Traditional approaches to identification of novel genetic predisposition genes have focused on protein encoding genes. There is evidence to suggest that micro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1338016986846924,
-1.3998656272888184,
2.5722320079803467
] |
['The aims of this study were to examine the prognostic relevance of platelet-derived growth factor-α receptor (PDGFRA) expression in human osteosarcomas and to evaluate the mutation status of exon 12 and exon 18 of the PDGFRA gene.', 'PDGFRA expression was examined in 100 human osteosarcomas by immunohistochemistry us... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.369434118270874,
-1.1794081926345825,
2.570220947265625
] |
['The aim of the study was to investigate the role of lymphangiogenesis in human cervical cancer progression.', 'The expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3, podoplanin (D2-40), LYVE-1 and Prox-1 was studied by immunohistochemistry in 72 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. For lymphatic endot... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3317809104919434,
-1.376471996307373,
2.770481824874878
] |
["Cytochrome c when released from mitochondria into cytosol triggers assembly of the apoptosome resulting in caspase activation. Recent evidence suggests that reduced cytochrome c is unable to activate the caspase cascade. In this study, we investigated whether a chemical reductant of cytochrome c, N,N,N',N'-tetramethy... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.430288553237915,
-1.3456006050109863,
2.8120899200439453
] |
['in adults, noninvasive ventilation via a helmet is associated with significantly greater noise than nasal and facial masks. We hypothesized that noise exposure could be increased with neonatal helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in comparison with conventional nasal CPAP (nCPAP). Our primary objective w... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6767988204956055,
-1.2879306077957153,
2.0269463062286377
] |
['Vitamin D receptors have been mapped throughout the brain suggesting a role for vitamin D in psychosomatic disorders. Results from previous epidemiological studies on relation between vitamin D status and depression are equivocal. Also, limited information is available relating vitamin D status with depression in you... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8055939674377441,
-0.5045162439346313,
1.3770487308502197
] |
['Early atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Oxidative stress is an accepted risk factor for the development of CVD.', 'To evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers [ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), tota... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4059627056121826,
-1.2996487617492676,
2.7674126625061035
] |
['Haemodialysis (HD) initiation is unplanned in up to 50% of patients, mainly due to late diagnosis and/or late nephrology referral. In these patients, time does not permit the multidisciplinary predialysis care that is associated with increased independent renal replacement therapy (RRT) modality choice and better acc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1055774688720703,
-1.6161963939666748,
1.6716628074645996
] |
['There is ongoing debate regarding the initiation of psoriatic plaque as primarily arising from an anomaly in epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) or from abnormalities in immunocytes that secondarily activate otherwise normal KCs. In mice engineered to overexpress the angiopoietin receptor Tie2 in KCs, skin spontaneously de... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.483863115310669,
-1.3265719413757324,
2.8688316345214844
] |
['Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disorder that is often associated with suicide. We have recently suggested that elevation may play a role in regional variations in rates of suicide. We hypothesize that there is also a significant correlation between incidence of MDD and elevation of residence.', 'The subs... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1136503219604492,
-0.7765454053878784,
1.0604238510131836
] |
['Around about 1970, a gentamicin-loaded poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement brand (Refobacin Palacos R) was introduced to control infection in joint arthroplasties. In 2005, this brand was replaced by two gentamicin-loaded follow-up brands, Refobacin Bone Cement R and Palacos R + G. In addition, another genta... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.135134220123291,
-1.445805311203003,
2.6562609672546387
] |
['Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is a clinically rare disease with poor prognosis. Various treatment methods have been investigated with the aim of improving the prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the data of a single institution in the management of OMM.', 'A total of 78 consecutive OMM patients were included in this... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.268824338912964,
-1.4685869216918945,
2.784385919570923
] |
["To characterize mechanisms of hand contamination with faecal indicator bacteria and to assess the presence of selected pathogens on mothers' hands in Tanzania.", 'A household observational study combined with repeated microbiological hand rinse sampling was conducted among 119 mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4896647930145264,
-0.051079049706459045,
1.7420880794525146
] |
['Animal studies have demonstrated an interaction between posture and the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on regional ventilation and lung blood flow. The aim of this study was to explore this interaction in humans.', 'Regional lung blood flow and ventilation were compared between mechanical ventilati... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.241386651992798,
-0.990861713886261,
2.349154472351074
] |
['Although hypoxic late preconditioning (LPC) limits ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro, its cardioprotective effect is not established in vivo.', 'In part 1, rats were exposed to 4 h of hypoxia (16%, 12%, 8% oxygen) before 24 h of reoxygenation. In part 2, normoxic rats received early preconditioning with sevofluran... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8712645769119263,
-1.6301438808441162,
2.5050535202026367
] |
['Urinary tract stricture results from excess collagen deposition at an injured area. Paclitaxel (Sigma-Aldrich®) prevents coronary artery restenosis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production. We evaluated the effects of paclitaxel on ureteral smooth muscle cell proliferation and c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.211838960647583,
-1.3356720209121704,
2.5816211700439453
] |
['Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an accepted interventional technique to treat refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension. The expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) covered stent-graft (cs-TIPS) gives a better shunt patency rate than uncovered stents (ncs-TIPS)... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8258209228515625,
-1.6313544511795044,
2.4364256858825684
] |
['To determine the role of platelets in stimulating mouse and human neutrophil activation and pulmonary injury in sickle cell disease (SCD).', 'Both platelet and neutrophil activation occur in SCD, but the interdependence of these events is unknown. Platelet activation and binding to leukocytes were measured in mice an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.504194974899292,
-1.1972601413726807,
2.737926483154297
] |
['Triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a proton-pump inhibitor is a common therapeutic strategy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). However, frequent appearance of clarithromycin-resistant strains is a therapeutic challenge. While various quinones are known to specifically inhibit th... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3415539264678955,
-1.386362075805664,
2.7960474491119385
] |
['We characterize changes in review quality by individual peer reviewers over time.', 'Editors at a specialty journal in the top 11% of Institute of Scientific Information journals rated the quality of every review, using a validated 5-point quality score. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze rating changes ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-1.596044898033142,
2.490516424179077,
-1.4065696001052856
] |
['To investigate the effect of total salvianolic acid (TSA) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions.', 'Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 6 each): Sham group and I/R group (infused with saline), TSA group, TSA + I/R group and I/R + TSA group (infuse... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3621091842651367,
-1.445695400238037,
2.833000898361206
] |
["A multicenter genome-wide association scan for Crohn's Disease (CD) has recently reported 40 CD susceptibility loci, including 29 novel ones (19 significant and 10 putative). To gain insight into the genetic overlap between CD and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), these markers were tested for association in AS patients."... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0088367462158203,
-1.3778362274169922,
2.415820598602295
] |
['NF2 is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas and other benign tumors in central nervous system. Loss of the NF2 gene product, Merlin, leads to aberrant Schwann cell proliferation, motility, and survival, but the mechanisms by which this tumor suppressor functio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.637819766998291,
-0.8570943474769592,
2.4999890327453613
] |
["Fatigue is reported to reduce health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in chronic diseases. Studies on the importance of fatigue and its implications for the patient's HRQOL in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain scarce and need to be explored.", 'To investigate the influence of chronic fatigue on both generic and ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1384198665618896,
-1.219877004623413,
2.4013049602508545
] |
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