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12,301
Overcoming data scarcity with transfer learning
cs.LG
Despite increasing focus on data publication and discovery in materials science and related fields, the global view of materials data is highly sparse. This sparsity encourages training models on the union of multiple datasets, but simple unions can prove problematic as (ostensibly) equivalent properties may be measure...
computer science
12,302
The Multi-layer Information Bottleneck Problem
stat.ML
The muti-layer information bottleneck (IB) problem, where information is propagated (or successively refined) from layer to layer, is considered. Based on information forwarded by the preceding layer, each stage of the network is required to preserve a certain level of relevance with regards to a specific hidden variab...
computer science
12,303
Near-Optimal Discrete Optimization for Experimental Design: A Regret Minimization Approach
stat.ML
The experimental design problem concerns the selection of k points from a potentially large design pool of p-dimensional vectors, so as to maximize the statistical efficiency regressed on the selected k design points. Statistical efficiency is measured by optimality criteria, including A(verage), D(eterminant), T(race)...
computer science
12,304
Random gradient extrapolation for distributed and stochastic optimization
math.OC
In this paper, we consider a class of finite-sum convex optimization problems defined over a distributed multiagent network with $m$ agents connected to a central server. In particular, the objective function consists of the average of $m$ ($\ge 1$) smooth components associated with each network agent together with a s...
computer science
12,305
BoostJet: Towards Combining Statistical Aggregates with Neural Embeddings for Recommendations
cs.IR
Recommenders have become widely popular in recent years because of their broader applicability in many e-commerce applications. These applications rely on recommenders for generating advertisements for various offers or providing content recommendations. However, the quality of the generated recommendations depends on ...
computer science
12,306
Gaussian Process Decentralized Data Fusion Meets Transfer Learning in Large-Scale Distributed Cooperative Perception
stat.ML
This paper presents novel Gaussian process decentralized data fusion algorithms exploiting the notion of agent-centric support sets for distributed cooperative perception of large-scale environmental phenomena. To overcome the limitations of scale in existing works, our proposed algorithms allow every mobile sensing ag...
computer science
12,307
Improving Palliative Care with Deep Learning
cs.CY
Improving the quality of end-of-life care for hospitalized patients is a priority for healthcare organizations. Studies have shown that physicians tend to over-estimate prognoses, which in combination with treatment inertia results in a mismatch between patients wishes and actual care at the end of life. We describe a ...
computer science
12,308
Stochastic Non-convex Ordinal Embedding with Stabilized Barzilai-Borwein Step Size
stat.ML
Learning representation from relative similarity comparisons, often called ordinal embedding, gains rising attention in recent years. Most of the existing methods are batch methods designed mainly based on the convex optimization, say, the projected gradient descent method. However, they are generally time-consuming du...
computer science
12,309
How Wrong Am I? - Studying Adversarial Examples and their Impact on Uncertainty in Gaussian Process Machine Learning Models
cs.CR
Machine learning models are vulnerable to Adversarial Examples: minor perturbations to input samples intended to deliberately cause misclassification. Current defenses against adversarial examples, especially for Deep Neural Networks (DNN), are primarily derived from empirical developments, and their security guarantee...
computer science
12,310
Principal Boundary on Riemannian Manifolds
stat.ML
We revisit the classification problem and focus on nonlinear methods for classification on manifolds. For multivariate datasets lying on an embedded nonlinear Riemannian manifold within the higher-dimensional space, our aim is to acquire a classification boundary between the classes with labels. Motivated by the princi...
computer science
12,311
Techniques for proving Asynchronous Convergence results for Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods
stat.ML
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods such as Gibbs sampling are finding widespread use in applied statistics and machine learning. These often lead to difficult computational problems, which are increasingly being solved on parallel and distributed systems such as compute clusters. Recent work has proposed running i...
computer science
12,312
Decentralized High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization with Factor Graphs
stat.ML
This paper presents a novel decentralized high-dimensional Bayesian optimization (DEC-HBO) algorithm that, in contrast to existing HBO algorithms, can exploit the interdependent effects of various input components on the output of the unknown objective function f for boosting the BO performance and still preserve scala...
computer science
12,313
Estimation Considerations in Contextual Bandits
stat.ML
Although many contextual bandit algorithms have similar theoretical guarantees, the characteristics of real-world applications oftentimes result in large performance dissimilarities across algorithms. We study a consideration for the exploration vs. exploitation framework that does not arise in non-contextual bandits: ...
computer science
12,314
On Convergence of Epanechnikov Mean Shift
stat.ML
Epanechnikov Mean Shift is a simple yet empirically very effective algorithm for clustering. It localizes the centroids of data clusters via estimating modes of the probability distribution that generates the data points, using the `optimal' Epanechnikov kernel density estimator. However, since the procedure involves n...
computer science
12,315
Glitch Classification and Clustering for LIGO with Deep Transfer Learning
cs.LG
The detection of gravitational waves with LIGO and Virgo requires a detailed understanding of the response of these instruments in the presence of environmental and instrumental noise. Of particular interest is the study of anomalous non-Gaussian noise transients known as glitches, since their high occurrence rate in L...
computer science
12,316
Optimistic Robust Optimization With Applications To Machine Learning
stat.ML
Robust Optimization has traditionally taken a pessimistic, or worst-case viewpoint of uncertainty which is motivated by a desire to find sets of optimal policies that maintain feasibility under a variety of operating conditions. In this paper, we explore an optimistic, or best-case view of uncertainty and show that it ...
computer science
12,317
Hierarchical internal representation of spectral features in deep convolutional networks trained for EEG decoding
cs.LG
Recently, there is increasing interest and research on the interpretability of machine learning models, for example how they transform and internally represent EEG signals in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications. This can help to understand the limits of the model and how it may be improved, in addition to possi...
computer science
12,318
Training large margin host-pathogen protein-protein interaction predictors
cs.LG
Detection of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) plays a vital role in molecular biology. Particularly, infections are caused by the interactions of host and pathogen proteins. It is important to identify host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) to discover new drugs to counter infectious diseases. Conventional wet lab PPI pr...
computer science
12,319
SNeCT: Scalable network constrained Tucker decomposition for integrative multi-platform data analysis
cs.LG
Motivation: How do we integratively analyze large-scale multi-platform genomic data that are high dimensional and sparse? Furthermore, how can we incorporate prior knowledge, such as the association between genes, in the analysis systematically? Method: To solve this problem, we propose a Scalable Network Constrained T...
computer science
12,320
Post-hoc labeling of arbitrary EEG recordings for data-efficient evaluation of neural decoding methods
cs.LG
Many cognitive, sensory and motor processes have correlates in oscillatory neural sources, which are embedded as a subspace into the recorded brain signals. Decoding such processes from noisy magnetoencephalogram/electroencephalogram (M/EEG) signals usually requires the use of data-driven analysis methods. The objectiv...
computer science
12,321
Learning User Preferences to Incentivize Exploration in the Sharing Economy
cs.LG
We study platforms in the sharing economy and discuss the need for incentivizing users to explore options that otherwise would not be chosen. For instance, rental platforms such as Airbnb typically rely on customer reviews to provide users with relevant information about different options. Yet, often a large fraction o...
computer science
12,322
Relief-Based Feature Selection: Introduction and Review
cs.DS
Feature selection plays a critical role in data mining, driven by increasing feature dimensionality in target problems and growing interest in advanced but computationally expensive methodologies able to model complex associations. Specifically, there is a need for feature selection methods that are computationally eff...
computer science
12,323
Leverage Score Sampling for Faster Accelerated Regression and ERM
stat.ML
Given a matrix $\mathbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ and a vector $b \in\mathbb{R}^{d}$, we show how to compute an $\epsilon$-approximate solution to the regression problem $ \min_{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}}\frac{1}{2} \|\mathbf{A} x - b\|_{2}^{2} $ in time $ \tilde{O} ((n+\sqrt{d\cdot\kappa_{\text{sum}}})\cdot s\cdot\log\eps...
computer science
12,324
Calibration for the (Computationally-Identifiable) Masses
cs.LG
As algorithms increasingly inform and influence decisions made about individuals, it becomes increasingly important to address concerns that these algorithms might be discriminatory. The output of an algorithm can be discriminatory for many reasons, most notably: (1) the data used to train the algorithm might be biased...
computer science
12,325
Practical Hash Functions for Similarity Estimation and Dimensionality Reduction
stat.ML
Hashing is a basic tool for dimensionality reduction employed in several aspects of machine learning. However, the perfomance analysis is often carried out under the abstract assumption that a truly random unit cost hash function is used, without concern for which concrete hash function is employed. The concrete hash f...
computer science
12,326
Deep Learning for Real-Time Crime Forecasting and its Ternarization
cs.LG
Real-time crime forecasting is important. However, accurate prediction of when and where the next crime will happen is difficult. No known physical model provides a reasonable approximation to such a complex system. Historical crime data are sparse in both space and time and the signal of interests is weak. In this wor...
computer science
12,327
Critical Learning Periods in Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Critical periods are phases in the early development of humans and animals during which experience can affect the structure of neuronal networks irreversibly. In this work, we study the effects of visual stimulus deficits on the training of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Introducing well-characterized visual defici...
computer science
12,328
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with jet constituents for boosted top tagging at the LHC
cs.LG
Multivariate techniques based on engineered features have found wide adoption in the identification of jets resulting from hadronic top decays at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Recent Deep Learning developments in this area include the treatment of the calorimeter activation as an image or supplying a list of jet con...
computer science
12,329
Selling to a No-Regret Buyer
cs.GT
We consider the problem of a single seller repeatedly selling a single item to a single buyer (specifically, the buyer has a value drawn fresh from known distribution $D$ in every round). Prior work assumes that the buyer is fully rational and will perfectly reason about how their bids today affect the seller's decisio...
computer science
12,330
A Big Data Analysis Framework Using Apache Spark and Deep Learning
cs.DB
With the spreading prevalence of Big Data, many advances have recently been made in this field. Frameworks such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark have gained a lot of traction over the past decades and have become massively popular, especially in industries. It is becoming increasingly evident that effective big data a...
computer science
12,331
Context-modulation of hippocampal dynamics and deep convolutional networks
stat.ML
Complex architectures of biological neural circuits, such as parallel processing pathways, has been behaviorally implicated in many cognitive studies. However, the theoretical consequences of circuit complexity on neural computation have only been explored in limited cases. Here, we introduce a mechanism by which direc...
computer science
12,332
Learning from Between-class Examples for Deep Sound Recognition
cs.LG
Deep learning methods have achieved high performance in sound recognition tasks. Deciding how to feed the training data is important for further performance improvement. We propose a novel learning method for deep sound recognition: Between-Class learning (BC learning). Our strategy is to learn a discriminative feature...
computer science
12,333
Accelerated Gradient Descent Escapes Saddle Points Faster than Gradient Descent
cs.LG
Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent (AGD), an instance of the general family of "momentum methods", provably achieves faster convergence rate than gradient descent (GD) in the convex setting. However, whether these methods are superior to GD in the nonconvex setting remains open. This paper studies a simple variant...
computer science
12,334
On reducing the communication cost of the diffusion LMS algorithm
stat.ML
The rise of digital and mobile communications has recently made the world more connected and networked, resulting in an unprecedented volume of data flowing between sources, data centers, or processes. While these data may be processed in a centralized manner, it is often more suitable to consider distributed strategie...
computer science
12,335
Outlier-robust moment-estimation via sum-of-squares
cs.DS
We develop efficient algorithms for estimating low-degree moments of unknown distributions in the presence of adversarial outliers. The guarantees of our algorithms improve in many cases significantly over the best previous ones, obtained in recent works of Diakonikolas et al, Lai et al, and Charikar et al. We also sho...
computer science
12,336
Towards Personalized Modeling of the Female Hormonal Cycle: Experiments with Mechanistic Models and Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
In this paper, we introduce a novel task for machine learning in healthcare, namely personalized modeling of the female hormonal cycle. The motivation for this work is to model the hormonal cycle and predict its phases in time, both for healthy individuals and for those with disorders of the reproductive system. Becaus...
computer science
12,337
Personalized Gaussian Processes for Future Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Progression
cs.LG
In this paper, we introduce the use of a personalized Gaussian Process model (pGP) to predict the key metrics of Alzheimer's Disease progression (MMSE, ADAS-Cog13, CDRSB and CS) based on each patient's previous visits. We start by learning a population-level model using multi-modal data from previously seen patients us...
computer science
12,338
The reparameterization trick for acquisition functions
stat.ML
Bayesian optimization is a sample-efficient approach to solving global optimization problems. Along with a surrogate model, this approach relies on theoretically motivated value heuristics (acquisition functions) to guide the search process. Maximizing acquisition functions yields the best performance; unfortunately, t...
computer science
12,339
A Neural Stochastic Volatility Model
cs.LG
In this paper, we show that the recent integration of statistical models with deep recurrent neural networks provides a new way of formulating volatility (the degree of variation of time series) models that have been widely used in time series analysis and prediction in finance. The model comprises a pair of complement...
computer science
12,340
Anesthesiologist-level forecasting of hypoxemia with only SpO2 data using deep learning
cs.LG
We use a deep learning model trained only on a patient's blood oxygenation data (measurable with an inexpensive fingertip sensor) to predict impending hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) more accurately than trained anesthesiologists with access to all the data recorded in a modern operating room. We also provide a simple way...
computer science
12,341
Towards Robust Neural Networks via Random Self-ensemble
cs.LG
Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of deep neural networks - A small adversarial perturbation that is imperceptible to human can easily make a well-trained deep neural network mis-classify. This makes it unsafe to apply neural networks in security-critical applications. In this paper, we propose a new defen...
computer science
12,342
GANGs: Generative Adversarial Network Games
stat.ML
Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have become one of the most successful frameworks for unsupervised generative modeling. As GANs are difficult to train much research has focused on this. However, very little of this research has directly exploited game-theoretic techniques. We introduce Generative Adversarial Netw...
computer science
12,343
Improving Network Robustness against Adversarial Attacks with Compact Convolution
cs.LG
Though Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have surpassed human-level performance on tasks such as object classification and face verification, they can easily be fooled by adversarial attacks. These attacks add a small perturbation to the input image that causes the network to mis-classify the sample. In this paper, ...
computer science
12,344
SHINE: Signed Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding for Sentiment Link Prediction
stat.ML
In online social networks people often express attitudes towards others, which forms massive sentiment links among users. Predicting the sign of sentiment links is a fundamental task in many areas such as personal advertising and public opinion analysis. Previous works mainly focus on textual sentiment classification, ...
computer science
12,345
Tensor Train Neighborhood Preserving Embedding
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a Tensor Train Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (TTNPE) to embed multi-dimensional tensor data into low dimensional tensor subspace. Novel approaches to solve the optimization problem in TTNPE are proposed. For this embedding, we evaluate novel trade-off gain among classification, computation...
computer science
12,346
Learning Fast and Slow: PROPEDEUTICA for Real-time Malware Detection
cs.CR
In this paper, we introduce and evaluate PROPEDEUTICA, a novel methodology and framework for efficient and effective real-time malware detection, leveraging the best of conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. In PROPEDEUTICA, all software processes in the system start execution subjected t...
computer science
12,347
Statistical Inference for Incomplete Ranking Data: The Case of Rank-Dependent Coarsening
stat.ML
We consider the problem of statistical inference for ranking data, specifically rank aggregation, under the assumption that samples are incomplete in the sense of not comprising all choice alternatives. In contrast to most existing methods, we explicitly model the process of turning a full ranking into an incomplete on...
computer science
12,348
Linearly-Recurrent Autoencoder Networks for Learning Dynamics
math.DS
This paper describes a method for learning low-dimensional approximations of nonlinear dynamical systems, based on neural-network approximations of the underlying Koopman operator. Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) provides a useful data-driven approximation of the Koopman operator for analyzing dynamical syst...
computer science
12,349
Eigendecompositions of Transfer Operators in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
math.DS
Transfer operators such as the Perron-Frobenius or Koopman operator play an important role in the global analysis of complex dynamical systems. The eigenfunctions of these operators can be used to detect metastable sets, to project the dynamics onto the dominant slow processes, or to separate superimposed signals. We e...
computer science
12,350
Attention based convolutional neural network for predicting RNA-protein binding sites
cs.LG
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in many biological processes, e.g. gene regulation. Computational identification of RBP binding sites on RNAs are urgently needed. In particular, RBPs bind to RNAs by recognizing sequence motifs. Thus, fast locating those motifs on RNA sequences is crucial and time-efficie...
computer science
12,351
How consistent is my model with the data? Information-Theoretic Model Check
stat.ML
The choice of model class is fundamental in statistical learning and system identification, no matter whether the class is derived from physical principles or is a generic black-box. We develop a method to evaluate the specified model class by assessing its capability of reproducing data that is similar to the observed...
computer science
12,352
Blind Multi-class Ensemble Learning with Unequally Reliable Classifiers
stat.ML
The rising interest in pattern recognition and data analytics has spurred the development of innovative machine learning algorithms and tools. However, as each algorithm has its strengths and limitations, one is motivated to judiciously fuse multiple algorithms in order to find the "best" performing one, for a given da...
computer science
12,353
PacGAN: The power of two samples in generative adversarial networks
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are innovative techniques for learning generative models of complex data distributions from samples. Despite remarkable recent improvements in generating realistic images, one of their major shortcomings is the fact that in practice, they tend to produce samples with little divers...
computer science
12,354
Stochastic Particle Gradient Descent for Infinite Ensembles
stat.ML
The superior performance of ensemble methods with infinite models are well known. Most of these methods are based on optimization problems in infinite-dimensional spaces with some regularization, for instance, boosting methods and convex neural networks use $L^1$-regularization with the non-negative constraint. However...
computer science
12,355
Automatic Music Highlight Extraction using Convolutional Recurrent Attention Networks
cs.LG
Music highlights are valuable contents for music services. Most methods focused on low-level signal features. We propose a method for extracting highlights using high-level features from convolutional recurrent attention networks (CRAN). CRAN utilizes convolution and recurrent layers for sequential learning with an att...
computer science
12,356
Avoiding Synchronization in First-Order Methods for Sparse Convex Optimization
cs.DC
Parallel computing has played an important role in speeding up convex optimization methods for big data analytics and large-scale machine learning (ML). However, the scalability of these optimization methods is inhibited by the cost of communicating and synchronizing processors in a parallel setting. Iterative ML metho...
computer science
12,357
Wasserstein Distributional Robustness and Regularization in Statistical Learning
cs.LG
A central question in statistical learning is to design algorithms that not only perform well on training data, but also generalize to new and unseen data. In this paper, we tackle this question by formulating a distributionally robust stochastic optimization (DRSO) problem, which seeks a solution that minimizes the wo...
computer science
12,358
Generating and designing DNA with deep generative models
cs.LG
We propose generative neural network methods to generate DNA sequences and tune them to have desired properties. We present three approaches: creating synthetic DNA sequences using a generative adversarial network; a DNA-based variant of the activation maximization ("deep dream") design method; and a joint procedure wh...
computer science
12,359
Misspecified Nonconvex Statistical Optimization for Phase Retrieval
stat.ML
Existing nonconvex statistical optimization theory and methods crucially rely on the correct specification of the underlying "true" statistical models. To address this issue, we take a first step towards taming model misspecification by studying the high-dimensional sparse phase retrieval problem with misspecified link...
computer science
12,360
Snake: a Stochastic Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Regularized Problems over Large Graphs
math.OC
A regularized optimization problem over a large unstructured graph is studied, where the regularization term is tied to the graph geometry. Typical regularization examples include the total variation and the Laplacian regularizations over the graph. When applying the proximal gradient algorithm to solve this problem, t...
computer science
12,361
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for protein-ligand binding affinity prediction
stat.ML
Structure based ligand discovery is one of the most successful approaches for augmenting the drug discovery process. Currently, there is a notable shift towards machine learning (ML) methodologies to aid such procedures. Deep learning has recently gained considerable attention as it allows the model to "learn" to extra...
computer science
12,362
Fusing Multifaceted Transaction Data for User Modeling and Demographic Prediction
cs.SI
Inferring user characteristics such as demographic attributes is of the utmost importance in many user-centric applications. Demographic data is an enabler of personalization, identity security, and other applications. Despite that, this data is sensitive and often hard to obtain. Previous work has shown that purchase ...
computer science
12,363
A Distributed Frank-Wolfe Framework for Learning Low-Rank Matrices with the Trace Norm
cs.DC
We consider the problem of learning a high-dimensional but low-rank matrix from a large-scale dataset distributed over several machines, where low-rankness is enforced by a convex trace norm constraint. We propose DFW-Trace, a distributed Frank-Wolfe algorithm which leverages the low-rank structure of its updates to ac...
computer science
12,364
Differentially Private Federated Learning: A Client Level Perspective
cs.CR
Federated learning is a recent advance in privacy protection. In this context, a trusted curator aggregates parameters optimized in decentralized fashion by multiple clients. The resulting model is then distributed back to all clients, ultimately converging to a joint representative model without explicitly having to s...
computer science
12,365
Multi-dimensional Graph Fourier Transform
stat.ME
Many signals on Cartesian product graphs appear in the real world, such as digital images, sensor observation time series, and movie ratings on Netflix. These signals are "multi-dimensional" and have directional characteristics along each factor graph. However, the existing graph Fourier transform does not distinguish ...
computer science
12,366
Non-convex Optimization for Machine Learning
stat.ML
A vast majority of machine learning algorithms train their models and perform inference by solving optimization problems. In order to capture the learning and prediction problems accurately, structural constraints such as sparsity or low rank are frequently imposed or else the objective itself is designed to be a non-c...
computer science
12,367
Multiview Deep Learning for Predicting Twitter Users' Location
cs.LG
The problem of predicting the location of users on large social networks like Twitter has emerged from real-life applications such as social unrest detection and online marketing. Twitter user geolocation is a difficult and active research topic with a vast literature. Most of the proposed methods follow either a conte...
computer science
12,368
Profit Driven Decision Trees for Churn Prediction
stat.ML
Customer retention campaigns increasingly rely on predictive models to detect potential churners in a vast customer base. From the perspective of machine learning, the task of predicting customer churn can be presented as a binary classification problem. Using data on historic behavior, classification algorithms are bu...
computer science
12,369
How Well Can Generative Adversarial Networks Learn Densities: A Nonparametric View
stat.ML
We study in this paper the rate of convergence for learning densities under the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) framework, borrowing insights from nonparametric statistics. We introduce an improved GAN estimator that achieves a faster rate, through simultaneously leveraging the level of smoothness in the target d...
computer science
12,370
True Asymptotic Natural Gradient Optimization
stat.ML
We introduce a simple algorithm, True Asymptotic Natural Gradient Optimization (TANGO), that converges to a true natural gradient descent in the limit of small learning rates, without explicit Fisher matrix estimation. For quadratic models the algorithm is also an instance of averaged stochastic gradient, where the p...
computer science
12,371
Variational Autoencoders for Learning Latent Representations of Speech Emotion
cs.SD
Latent representation of data in unsupervised fashion is a very interesting process. It provides more relevant features that can enhance the performance of a classifier. For speech emotion recognition tasks generating effective features is very crucial. Recently, deep generative models such as Variational Autoencoders ...
computer science
12,372
Query-limited Black-box Attacks to Classifiers
cs.CR
We study black-box attacks on machine learning classifiers where each query to the model incurs some cost or risk of detection to the adversary. We focus explicitly on minimizing the number of queries as a major objective. Specifically, we consider the problem of attacking machine learning classifiers subject to a budg...
computer science
12,373
Bayesian Nonparametric Causal Inference: Information Rates and Learning Algorithms
stat.ME
We investigate the problem of estimating the causal effect of a treatment on individual subjects from observational data, this is a central problem in various application domains, including healthcare, social sciences, and online advertising. Within the Neyman Rubin potential outcomes model, we use the Kullback Leibler...
computer science
12,374
Stochastic Multi-armed Bandits in Constant Space
cs.DS
We consider the stochastic bandit problem in the sublinear space setting, where one cannot record the win-loss record for all $K$ arms. We give an algorithm using $O(1)$ words of space with regret \[ \sum_{i=1}^{K}\frac{1}{\Delta_i}\log \frac{\Delta_i}{\Delta}\log T \] where $\Delta_i$ is the gap between the best arm...
computer science
12,375
Collaborative Autoencoder for Recommender Systems
cs.LG
In recent years, deep neural networks have yielded state-of-the-art performance on several tasks. Although some recent works have focused on combining deep learning with recommendation, we highlight three issues of existing works. First, most works perform deep content feature learning and resort to matrix factorizatio...
computer science
12,376
SAGA: A Submodular Greedy Algorithm For Group Recommendation
cs.IR
In this paper, we propose a unified framework and an algorithm for the problem of group recommendation where a fixed number of items or alternatives can be recommended to a group of users. The problem of group recommendation arises naturally in many real world contexts, and is closely related to the budgeted social cho...
computer science
12,377
Algorithmic Regularization in Over-parameterized Matrix Sensing and Neural Networks with Quadratic Activations
cs.LG
We show that the gradient descent algorithm provides an implicit regularization effect in the learning of over-parameterized matrix factorization models and one-hidden-layer neural networks with quadratic activations. Concretely, we show that given $\tilde{O}(dr^{2})$ random linear measurements of a rank $r$ positive s...
computer science
12,378
Sketching for Kronecker Product Regression and P-splines
cs.DS
TensorSketch is an oblivious linear sketch introduced in Pagh'13 and later used in Pham, Pagh'13 in the context of SVMs for polynomial kernels. It was shown in Avron, Nguyen, Woodruff'14 that TensorSketch provides a subspace embedding, and therefore can be used for canonical correlation analysis, low rank approximation...
computer science
12,379
Deep learning for universal linear embeddings of nonlinear dynamics
math.DS
Identifying coordinate transformations that make strongly nonlinear dynamics approximately linear is a central challenge in modern dynamical systems. These transformations have the potential to enable prediction, estimation, and control of nonlinear systems using standard linear theory. The Koopman operator has emerged...
computer science
12,380
Automatic Analysis of EEGs Using Big Data and Hybrid Deep Learning Architectures
cs.LG
Objective: A clinical decision support tool that automatically interprets EEGs can reduce time to diagnosis and enhance real-time applications such as ICU monitoring. Clinicians have indicated that a sensitivity of 95% with a specificity below 5% was the minimum requirement for clinical acceptance. We propose a highper...
computer science
12,381
Deep Architectures for Automated Seizure Detection in Scalp EEGs
cs.LG
Automated seizure detection using clinical electroencephalograms is a challenging machine learning problem because the multichannel signal often has an extremely low signal to noise ratio. Events of interest such as seizures are easily confused with signal artifacts (e.g, eye movements) or benign variants (e.g., slowin...
computer science
12,382
Machine Learning for Partial Identification: Example of Bracketed Data
stat.ML
Partially identified models occur commonly in economic applications. A common problem in this literature is a regression problem with bracketed (interval-censored) outcome variable Y, which creates a set-identified parameter of interest. The recent studies have only considered finite-dimensional linear regression in su...
computer science
12,383
Objective evaluation metrics for automatic classification of EEG events
cs.LG
The evaluation of machine learning algorithms in biomedical fields for applications involving sequential data lacks standardization. Common quantitative scalar evaluation metrics such as sensitivity and specificity can often be misleading depending on the requirements of the application. Evaluation metrics must ultimat...
computer science
12,384
CaloGAN: Simulating 3D High Energy Particle Showers in Multi-Layer Electromagnetic Calorimeters with Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
The precise modeling of subatomic particle interactions and propagation through matter is paramount for the advancement of nuclear and particle physics searches and precision measurements. The most computationally expensive step in the simulation pipeline of a typical experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is th...
computer science
12,385
A Deep Belief Network Based Machine Learning System for Risky Host Detection
cs.CR
To assure cyber security of an enterprise, typically SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system is in place to normalize security event from different preventive technologies and flag alerts. Analysts in the security operation center (SOC) investigate the alerts to decide if it is truly malicious or not. H...
computer science
12,386
Learning Relevant Features of Data with Multi-scale Tensor Networks
stat.ML
Inspired by coarse-graining approaches used in physics, we show how similar algorithms can be adapted for data. The resulting algorithms are based on layered tree tensor networks and scale linearly with both the dimension of the input and the training set size. Computing most of the layers with an unsupervised algorith...
computer science
12,387
MVG Mechanism: Differential Privacy under Matrix-Valued Query
cs.CR
Differential privacy mechanism design has traditionally been tailored for a scalar-valued query function. Although many mechanisms such as the Laplace and Gaussian mechanisms can be extended to a matrix-valued query function by adding i.i.d. noise to each element of the matrix, this method is often suboptimal as it for...
computer science
12,388
Proteomics Analysis of FLT3-ITD Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Deep Learning Neural Network
cs.LG
Deep Learning can significantly benefit cancer proteomics and genomics. In this study, we attempt to determine a set of critical proteins that are associated with the FLT3-ITD mutation in newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients. A Deep Learning network consisting of autoencoders forming a hierarchical model fro...
computer science
12,389
Negative Binomial Matrix Factorization for Recommender Systems
cs.LG
We introduce negative binomial matrix factorization (NBMF), a matrix factorization technique specially designed for analyzing over-dispersed count data. It can be viewed as an extension of Poisson matrix factorization (PF) perturbed by a multiplicative term which models exposure. This term brings a degree of freedom fo...
computer science
12,390
Learning Tree-based Deep Model for Recommender Systems
stat.ML
Model-based methods for recommender systems have been studied to provide more precise results. In systems with large corpus, the amount of calculation for learnt model to predict all user-item pairs' preferences is tremendous, which makes the model difficult to be directly employed in recommendation candidate generatio...
computer science
12,391
An Analysis of Two Common Reference Points for EEGs
eess.SP
Clinical electroencephalographic (EEG) data varies significantly depending on a number of operational conditions (e.g., the type and placement of electrodes, the type of electrical grounding used). This investigation explores the statistical differences present in two different referential montages: Linked Ear (LE) and...
computer science
12,392
Semi-automated Annotation of Signal Events in Clinical EEG Data
eess.SP
To be effective, state of the art machine learning technology needs large amounts of annotated data. There are numerous compelling applications in healthcare that can benefit from high performance automated decision support systems provided by deep learning technology, but they lack the comprehensive data resources req...
computer science
12,393
Sequential Preference-Based Optimization
cs.LG
Many real-world engineering problems rely on human preferences to guide their design and optimization. We present PrefOpt, an open source package to simplify sequential optimization tasks that incorporate human preference feedback. Our approach extends an existing latent variable model for binary preferences to allow f...
computer science
12,394
Less is More: Culling the Training Set to Improve Robustness of Deep Neural Networks
cs.CR
Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Prior defenses attempted to make deep networks more robust by either improving the network architecture or adding adversarial examples into the training set, with their respective limitations. We propose a new direction. Motivated by recent research that show...
computer science
12,395
Adversarial Deep Learning for Robust Detection of Binary Encoded Malware
cs.CR
Malware is constantly adapting in order to avoid detection. Model based malware detectors, such as SVM and neural networks, are vulnerable to so-called adversarial examples which are modest changes to detectable malware that allows the resulting malware to evade detection. Continuous-valued methods that are robust to a...
computer science
12,396
How To Make the Gradients Small Stochastically
cs.LG
In convex stochastic optimization, convergence rates in terms of minimizing the objective have been well-established. However, in terms of making the gradients small, the best known convergence rate was $O(\varepsilon^{-8/3})$ and it was left open how to improve it. In this paper, we improve this rate to $\tilde{O}(\...
computer science
12,397
Selection Problems in the Presence of Implicit Bias
cs.CY
Over the past two decades, the notion of implicit bias has come to serve as an important component in our understanding of discrimination in activities such as hiring, promotion, and school admissions. Research on implicit bias posits that when people evaluate others -- for example, in a hiring context -- their unconsc...
computer science
12,398
Improved asynchronous parallel optimization analysis for stochastic incremental methods
math.OC
As datasets continue to increase in size and multi-core computer architectures are developed, asynchronous parallel optimization algorithms become more and more essential to the field of Machine Learning. Unfortunately, conducting the theoretical analysis asynchronous methods is difficult, notably due to the introducti...
computer science
12,399
Asynchronous Stochastic Variational Inference
stat.ML
Stochastic variational inference (SVI) employs stochastic optimization to scale up Bayesian computation to massive data. Since SVI is at its core a stochastic gradient-based algorithm, horizontal parallelism can be harnessed to allow larger scale inference. We propose a lock-free parallel implementation for SVI which a...
computer science
12,400
Generalization Error Bounds for Noisy, Iterative Algorithms
cs.LG
In statistical learning theory, generalization error is used to quantify the degree to which a supervised machine learning algorithm may overfit to training data. Recent work [Xu and Raginsky (2017)] has established a bound on the generalization error of empirical risk minimization based on the mutual information $I(S;...
computer science