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American creative director and fashion designer A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Todd_Thomas_(designer)) . ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Todd Thomas Born ( 1961-09-19 ) September 19, 1961 (age 62) Murphysboro (/wiki/Murphysboro) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , United States (/wiki/United_States) [1] (#cite_note-alive-thomas-2017-1) Occupation(s) Fashion designer, tailor, costume designer Todd Thomas (born 1961) [2] (#cite_note-flourishing-thomas-20122-2) [ better source needed ] is an American cross-disciplinary artist, director, educator, and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) For over forty years he has worked tailoring for fashion shows, photo, television, film, performances, tours, and is known for his eleven-year work creating the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) during its heyday. Thomas currently serves as the founder, director, and designer of his own independent label Todd Thomas. Early life and education [ edit ] Todd Thomas was born in 1961 in Murphysboro, Illinois (/wiki/Murphysboro,_Illinois) . At the age of 17, his dream of becoming a fashion designer and interest in the arts drove him to St. Louis, Missouri (/wiki/St._Louis) where he was able to establish himself more creatively. Thomas spent his time cutting and trimming for clothes manufactures and found inspiration from the punk rock counterculture surrounding him. [2] (#cite_note-flourishing-thomas-20122-2) He credits much of his early education in the industry to the St. Louis community who helped him discover his identity and place in the 1980s "Do-it-Yourself" culture of the time. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Career [ edit ] In 1983, Thomas moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . He broadened his understanding of art and design through working in theatre, film, and the fashion houses of Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) His work in costuming and wardrobe can be seen in the films Angela (/wiki/Angela_(1995_film)) (1995), Office Killer (/wiki/Office_Killer) (1997), Trouble on the Corner (/wiki/Trouble_on_the_Corner) (1997), [5] (#cite_note-5) and the band Heloise and the Savoir Faire (/wiki/Heloise_and_the_Savoir_Faire) 's music video "Time Lords" (2013). [6] (#cite_note-paper-thomas-2013-6) From 2005 to 2013, Thomas worked as one of the designers for Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in Collection Production. From 2012 to 2014, Thomas served as Strategic Design Consultant and Menswear Design Director of the sustainable clothing brand Ramblers Way Farm. Thomas showcased his work from both Ramblers Way and Victoria's Secret in an instillation titled "Off the Rails". The exhibit was held for a month at the Des Lee Gallery courtesy of the St. Louis Craft Alliance (/wiki/Craft_Alliance_Center_of_Art_%2B_Design) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) In 2016, Thomas joined as the Senior Director of Barrett Barrera Projects's New York Office. He focused on developmental projects including Charliewood New York, Christeene Vale (/wiki/Christeene_Vale) and PJ Raval (/wiki/PJ_Raval) 's artist residency with Justin Vivian Bond (/wiki/Justin_Vivian_Bond) , and Spacewalker—a 2018 collaborative project with Christine Corday. [7] (#cite_note-7) During his time with Barrett Barrera, Thomas also co-hosted the Apple Podcast Series Art is a Verb with Susan Barrett in 2020. Through conversations with leaders and multidisciplinary creatives, their 10-episode season defines art as the "ongoing process of re-constructing our world, and creatives are the harbingers of a new reality, with the ability to catalyze real change." [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Thomas last showed a studio collection in 2020 titled Past Present Future — examining the role of consumer participation in the greater fashion process and system. His Tribeca (/wiki/Tribeca) installation combined ready-to-wear fashion with bespoke, resulting in elegant, sustainable, and functional pieces. In the Present section of his collection, Thomas collaborated with longtime friend and painter, Belinda Lee, to transform her abstract squiggle paintings into printed fabrics. Past Present Future debuted at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) and showcased pieces that were sold directly to consumers and specialty partners. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) He has taught as an adjunct professor at Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) , worked as a career mentor in the LGBTQ+ Ali Forney Center (/wiki/Ali_Forney_Center) , [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) and has been featured as a guest speaker at Washington University (/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis) ’s Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts (/wiki/Sam_Fox_School_of_Design_%26_Visual_Arts) during Fashion Lab's Yarn lecture series. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The website Fashion Week Online (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Week_Online&action=edit&redlink=1) (FWO) states Thomas possess "keen observational skills in identifying and highlighting the aesthetic significance" within the New York Cultural scene "that has made him the go to collaborator / consultant for leaders within these various scenes." [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-alive-thomas-2017_1-0) Jacobi, Jorie (25 May 2017). "Art And Fashion With New York-Based Midwest Native Designer Todd Thomas" (http://alivemag.com/art-and-fashion-with-new-york-based-midwest-native-designer-todd-thomas/) . Retrieved 7 October 2018 . ^ a b AFLOERSCH (5 December 2012). "Behind-the-Scenes: Victoria's Secret Designer Todd Thomas" (https://flourishingfashion.wordpress.com/2012/12/05/behind-the-scenes-victorias-secret-designer-todd-thomas/) . Retrieved 7 October 2018 . ^ a b "Sunday, October 27 Film and Artist talk with Todd Thomas" (https://www.vangeline.com/calendar-of-upcoming-events/2019/10/17/butoh-fest-19-thursday-october-17-performances-4zhby-x7rcg-8fk9p-8k3bm-3j9nh-2sb5d) . Vangeline Theater/New York Butoh Institute . 2019-10-27 . Retrieved 2023-06-05 . ^ a b c d "Off The Rails – fashion designer Todd Thomas – October 6, 2011" (https://desleegallery.com/2011/09/16/off-the-rails-fashion-designer-todd-thomas/) . Des Lee Gallery | Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts . 2011-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Todd Thomas" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0859592/) . IMDb . Retrieved 2023-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-paper-thomas-2013_6-0) Kessler, Max (8 April 2013). "Heloise & the Savoir Faire Premiere "Time Lords" (http://www.papermag.com/heloise-the-savoir-faire-premiere-time-lords-1426883773.html) " (http://www.papermag.com/heloise-the-savoir-faire-premiere-time-lords-1426883773.html) . Retrieved 7 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Spacewalker Artist Talk with Christine Corday & Todd Thomas" (https://www.barrettbarrera.com/spacewalker-artist-talk-with-christine-corday-todd-thomas/) . Barrett Barrera Projects . 7 March 2019 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Art Is A Verb: Season One" (https://www.barrettbarrera.com/art-is-a-verb-season-one/) . Barrett Barrera Projects . 28 August 2020 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Art Is A Verb" (https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/art-is-a-verb-todd-thomas-susan-barrett-9HhOzM5N-sV/) . Listen Notes . 14 August 2020 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ a b <!Staff writer(s); no by-line--> (13 February 2020). "Past Present Future by Todd Thomas" (https://fashionweekonline.com/past-present-future-by-todd-thomas) . Fashion Week Online . Retrieved 5 June 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.toddthomasnewyork.com) Todd Thomas (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0859592/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐m9vgz Cached time: 20240713075620 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.420 seconds Real time usage: 0.734 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2354/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28657/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2540/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41446/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.250/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6909126/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 515.762 1 -total 31.30% 161.444 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 30.92% 159.471 1 Template:Reflist 26.99% 139.212 10 Template:Cite_web 15.39% 79.387 1 Template:Short_description 10.62% 54.772 1 Template:COI 9.58% 49.423 1 Template:Ambox 8.91% 45.932 2 Template:Pagetype 8.87% 45.755 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.78% 34.969 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58686848-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713075620 and revision id 1197451136. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Todd_Thomas_(designer)&oldid=1197451136 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Todd_Thomas_(designer)&oldid=1197451136) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1961 births (/wiki/Category:1961_births) American brands (/wiki/Category:American_brands) American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from June 2023 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_possible_conflicts_of_interest_from_June_2023) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles lacking reliable references from September 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_September_2023) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata)
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American model and modeling agent (1903–1990) Walter Clarence Thornton A 1926 portrait of Walter Thornton, by noted celebrity photographer, Irving Chidnoff (/w/index.php?title=Irving_Chidnoff&action=edit&redlink=1) Born ( 1903-04-03 ) April 3, 1903 Pike County, Ohio (/wiki/Pike_County,_Ohio) , U.S. Died May 14, 1990 (1990-05-14) (aged 87) Long Beach, California (/wiki/Long_Beach,_California) , U.S. Resting place Riverside National Cemetery (/wiki/Riverside_National_Cemetery) Occupation Modeling Agent Years active 1926–1970 Spouses Judy Dolan ( m. 1934; div. 1955) Candelaria Navarro ( m. 1960) Children 7 Walter Clarence Thornton (April 3, 1903 – May 14, 1990) was an American model and modeling agent who founded the Walter Thornton Model Agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) in 1930 and went on to worldwide fame with his World War II-era "Walter Thornton Pin-Up Girls." Thornton rose to success from being an unsheltered orphan and a bricklayer. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Thornton was twice a judge of the Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, NJ (1933 [2] (#cite_note-2) and 1935 [3] (#cite_note-3) ). His company represented both male and female models, as well as a separate agency for child models. Many of his models achieved Hollywood fame and success. He retired from the agency in 1958 and spent the rest of his life in Ajijic (/wiki/Ajijic,_Jalisco) , Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) . [4] (#cite_note-nytobit-4) Early life [ edit ] Orphaned when he was young, Thornton enlisted in the Army (/wiki/United_States_Army) to fight in World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) at the age of 14. [4] (#cite_note-nytobit-4) Thornton was given an honorary discharge for "ineligibility." [5] (#cite_note-5) He later became a bricklayer. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) In 1925, illustrator Georgia Warren (/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1) spotted Walter Thornton on a park bench in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . She suggested he become a model. He did just that, [7] (#cite_note-7) signing on with The John Robert Powers (/wiki/John_Robert_Powers) Agency [8] (#cite_note-8) not long after (on whose roster he remained until 1931). [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) He was known in the tight-knit artists' community of Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) in the late 1920s as "The Profile". He went on to pose for most of the leading artists, illustrators and photographers of the first half of the 20th century, including J.C. Leyendecker (/wiki/J.C._Leyendecker) , Norman Rockwell (/wiki/Norman_Rockwell) , Alfred Cheney Johnston (/wiki/Alfred_Cheney_Johnston) , Neysa McMein (/wiki/Neysa_McMein) , Percy Edward Anderson (/w/index.php?title=Percy_Edward_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1) , [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) John La Gatta (/wiki/John_La_Gatta) , Bradshaw Crandall (/w/index.php?title=Bradshaw_Crandall&action=edit&redlink=1) , McClelland Barclay (/wiki/McClelland_Barclay) , C.D. Williams (/w/index.php?title=C.D._Williams&action=edit&redlink=1) , Saul Tepper (/wiki/Saul_Tepper) , Arthur William Brown (/wiki/Arthur_William_Brown) , James Montgomery Flagg (/wiki/James_Montgomery_Flagg) and Howard Chandler Christy (/wiki/Howard_Chandler_Christy) . Thornton mass-marketed plaster copies of his own head. Modeling agency [ edit ] The Minneapolis Tribune article referred to Thornton's face as one of the most well-known in America, due to his ubiquitous presence in 1920s advertisements. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) In 1928, Thornton created a small "head factory" (Walter Thornton & Co.) in a brownstone building near Grand Central Station, where he hand-crafted and sold plaster copies of his own head until 1931. Thornton's agent, John Robert Powers, offered the plaster heads to artists and sculptors to work from instead of the model. Reportedly, over 1,500 of the replications of Thornton's own head had been sold by 1930. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) [11] (#cite_note-11) Thornton expanded that business to become the nation's first full service modeling agency in 1929. His agency was one of the first tenants of the newly-opened Chrysler Building. [12] (#cite_note-12) The Walter Thornton Modeling Agency came to be considered one of "The Big Three", the largest modeling agencies in the United States, from roughly 1930-1950, along with its competitors, John Robert Powers (/wiki/John_Robert_Powers) and Harry Conover (/wiki/Harry_Conover) . [13] (#cite_note-The_Modeling_Business-13) The Walter Thornton Model Agency became a prominent presence in the world of beauty in these earliest days of photographic modeling. Thornton standardized the business model of the model business, which continues to present day modeling agencies, with the agent receiving a flat 10% fee of a model's earnings. His agency was an intermediary liaison between model and client. The agency handled everything from wardrobe to booking the models' gigs, to offering lessons on deportment, grooming and grace. In his syndicated column, Dale Carnegie wrote: "Why has Walter Thornton succeeded? Chiefly because he originated a new idea; something no one had thought of before. And stuck to it till he put it over. Simple." [14] (#cite_note-14) Models represented [ edit ] The Walter Thornton Agency represented many models who went on to careers in Hollywood. Some of his models included Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Lauren Bacall (/wiki/Lauren_Bacall) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Arlene Dahl, [17] (#cite_note-17) Peggy Ann Garner, [18] (#cite_note-18) Dorothy Dell, [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) Lizabeth Scott (/wiki/Lizabeth_Scott) , [20] (#cite_note-20) Boots Mallory, [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) Dolores Donlon, [13] (#cite_note-The_Modeling_Business-13) Anita Colby (model known as "The Face"), [21] (#cite_note-21) Starr and Tucker Faithfull [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) Walda Winchell, a.k.a. "Toni Eden" (columnist Walter Winchell's troubled daughter), [22] (#cite_note-22) Cathy Downs, [23] (#cite_note-23) Diana Lynn, [24] (#cite_note-24) Dorothy McGuire, [25] (#cite_note-25) Grace Bradley, [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) Hazel Brooks, [26] (#cite_note-26) Jean Muir [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) and others. The Thornton Agency also had a male model division, representing later Hollywood luminaries, including actors Joseph Cotten, [27] (#cite_note-:2-27) Alan Curtis, Brian Donlevy, [28] (#cite_note-28) Bob Hutton [27] (#cite_note-:2-27) and Robert Kent among them. Thornton's first discovery was a 19-year-old woman named Edythe Marrenner, who was nicknamed "The Brooklyn Bombshell" during her brief New York modeling career. She was chosen by Thornton to represent "Walter Thornton Beauty" for a 1937 feature article in The Saturday Evening Post . [29] (#cite_note-29) Marrenner was spotted in the article by Hollywood director, George Cukor, who brought her to Hollywood under short-term contract to Selznick Studios. The Thornton Agency sued her for breach of contract. They settled out of court in 1939, in Thornton's favor, reportedly for $20,000. In Hollywood, she changed her name to Susan Hayward (/wiki/Susan_Hayward) . [30] (#cite_note-30) At varying points in his career, Thornton had his own radio show, [31] (#cite_note-31) his own self-named weekly television show ( The Walter Thornton Show , CBS, 1946) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-:4-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) and his own nationally-syndicated monthly magazine column ("At the Court of The Merchant of Venus," 1939-41). [35] (#cite_note-35) In April 1948, Thornton opened a chain of modeling schools (also known in as "charm schools") in Toronto. By 1962, he had three agencies operating in Canada and he had planned to open an additional nine more. [36] (#cite_note-36) By 1968 he had modeling schools in Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catherines, London, Welland, Niagara Falls, Belleville, Brampton, Oshawa and Barrie, among other cities. [37] (#cite_note-37) He sold his interest in the companies in 1980. At the peak of his popularity and success, Thornton and his agency created the concept of "The Pin-Up Girl" during the 1940s, working in tandem with the U.S. government to provide these morale boosters for overseas G.I.s. [38] (#cite_note-38) The Thornton Agency trademarked the term "Walter Thornton Pin-Up Girls." The popularity of The Walter Thornton Pin-Up Girls led to multiple charting singles, including "Get a Pin-Up Girl!" [39] (#cite_note-39) by Don Wolf; "Pin-Up Polka" by Al Gamse and Irving Fields (/wiki/Irving_Fields) ; [40] (#cite_note-:3-40) and "The Walter Thornton Rhumba" also by Gamse and Fields. [40] (#cite_note-:3-40) In February 1946, Thornton and associates opened "The Pin-Up Room" in Manhattan, the walls of which were decorated with larger-than-life-sized pin-up photographs. [41] (#cite_note-41) Thornton ran a stock photo (/wiki/Stock_photo) publication of children, as well as representing his own child models under the name "Just Kids Models." [42] (#cite_note-42) Legal trouble [ edit ] A series of legal issues and negative publicity started in 1954, which culminated in Thornton's retirement from his modeling agency. Thornton was charged with grand larceny, petit larceny and conspiracy, among other charges, on January 26, 1954, in relation to a purported "child model racket," with Thornton's "Just Kids" catalogues. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) Thornton was quoted as saying in Time Magazine that the District Attorney who was prosecuting him, T. Vincent Quinn, didn't have a case and furthermore was just manufacturing a smoke screen, to cover for his own legal problems. [45] (#cite_note-45) Federal District Attorney Quinn had a federal indictment of his own hanging over his head at the time Quinn pressed for the prosecution of Thornton. Quinn and his D.A. crew spared no expense in manufacturing evidence, to prove that Walter Thornton was a dishonest businessman, one who had "mulcted" (strong-armed) "...hundreds of parents out of $35 fees," relating to the parents' payments to have their children's photos listed in the "Just Kids" catalogues. The case was dismissed on June 3, 1954, by Judge Peter T. Farrell of Queens County Court in Long Island City, NY. [46] (#cite_note-46) All charges against Thornton were dismissed before the four-week-long case was even sent to the jury. "There is absolutely no basis to these charges," Judge Farrell pronounced. Thornton spent the next four years pursuing legal action against the news outlets that had run the most defamatory headlines and articles about him. He filed a lawsuit for $3,000,000 in damages against the Hearst Corporation and others on May 21, 1955, claiming he had been libeled. [47] (#cite_note-47) His "trial by tabloid," however, had its desired effect: Thornton's name and reputation were destroyed after the month-long flurry of fictional, front-page headlines. Thornton either sold or closed all his New York business interests. The retractions and follow-up news that Thornton had been exonerated were printed, away from the front pages that had printed the news about his indictment and arrest in headlines. [ citation needed ] Personal life [ edit ] House built and lived in by Walter Clarence Thornton in Ajijic, Mexico Thornton married one of his models, Judy Dolan, in 1934 and had one daughter, Daryl, with her. [48] (#cite_note-48) They divorced in 1955 and Walter expatriated to Mexico in 1958. In Ajijic, Mexico, Thornton remarried, to Guadalajara-native Candelaria Navarro. They had six children together: Walter Jr., Roberta Virginia, Adriana Anabel, Nancy Louella, Richard Orlando and Ethel Ivette. [4] (#cite_note-nytobit-4) He built a lavish, castle-like home, decorated with intricate mosaic tiling, where he raised his children and lived until his health diminished. [49] (#cite_note-49) He died of a stroke in 1990. [4] (#cite_note-nytobit-4) Legacy [ edit ] Thornton, in spite of his successful career, is most famous today for being the subject of two now-iconic images of Thornton, purportedly selling his 1929 Chrysler Imperial 75 Roadster out of desperation after The Wall Street Stock Market Crash of 1929. There is a large, white, what appears to be cardboard sign on the vehicle that reads "$100 WILL BUY THIS CAR. MUST HAVE CASH. LOST ALL ON THE STOCK MARKET". [50] (#cite_note-50) The Bankrupt Investor image has become emblematic of the 1929 Stock Market Crash. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:0_1-0) Dale Carnegie (/wiki/Dale_Carnegie) , From Editorial Page (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19401226&id=k3EbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X0wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2392,4152633&hl=en) , The Pittsburgh Press , December 26, 1940 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss America 1933 Judges" (http://missamerica1933.com/judges.html) . missamerica1933.com . Retrieved 2021-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Miss Amerika (1935) , retrieved 2021-11-22 ^ a b c d "Walter Thornton, Agent for Models, Dies of Stroke at 88" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/16/obituaries/walter-thornton-agent-for-models-dies-of-stroke-at-88.html) , The New York Times , May 16, 1990 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ohio Roster of Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in World War I, 1917-1918 https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7895/images/017623-17395?pId=247798 (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7895/images/017623-17395?pId=247798) ^ a b c d Paget, Corinne. "Bricklayer Parks Trowel: Emerges as Glorified Youth of Collar Ads" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89825834/bricklayer-parks-trowel/) . No. Aug 10, 1930. Star Tribune (Minnesota). p. 41. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lait, Jack (Oct 4, 1931). "Highlights of Broadway From the Circle to the Square". Albuquerque Journal (New Mexico). p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-8) New York Public Library, Billy Rose Collection; page from Powers'January 1927 "Models and Actors Studio Guide" https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/3053a750-52be-0135-513f-318e59ba1814 (https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/3053a750-52be-0135-513f-318e59ba1814) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Anderson, Percy Edward; full-page, rotogravure ad featuring J.R. Powers model, Walter Thornton, less than two months after the Stock Market Crash, 12/20/29, (art by illustrator Percy Edward Anderson. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/knapp-felt-1920s-usa-mens-hats-the-advertising-archives.html (https://fineartamerica.com/featured/knapp-felt-1920s-usa-mens-hats-the-advertising-archives.html) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Full-page, rotogravure ad featuring J.R. Powers model Walter Thornton, four and a half months after the Stock Market Crash, 03/15/30 Saturday Evening Post (art by illustrator Percy Edward Anderson. https://www.atticpaper.com/proddetail.php?prod=1930-knapp-felt-hats-ad-harwood (https://www.atticpaper.com/proddetail.php?prod=1930-knapp-felt-hats-ad-harwood) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Swan, Gilbert (Jan 26, 1931). "Yes, Walter Thornton Uses His Head to Good Advantage, for He Has the Most Demanded Cranium of Any Male Model". Star-Gazette . p. 6. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Evans-Smith, Eileen.” Every Girl a Model?” (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19621113&id=hFUlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ieUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4302,3069328&hl=en) , Ottawa Citizen, Nov 13 1962, p. 25 ^ a b "The Modeling Business" (https://books.google.com/books?id=iEgEAAAAMBAJ&q=LIFE+Mar+25,+1946) , LIFE , Mar 25, 1946 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Carnegie extols Walter Thornton in his internationally syndicated column, 12/26/1940. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89749738/walter-thornton-extolled-by-dale-carnegi/ (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89749738/walter-thornton-extolled-by-dale-carnegi/) ^ (#cite_ref-15) McKnnon, Gina (2012). What Would Grace Do? . Gotham Books. p. 24. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Lauren Bacall (1985-10-12). Lauren Bacall . Ballantine Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-345-33321-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Pieck, Kaaren (October 1950). "Lucky Dahl". Modern Screen Magazine . p. 59. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Photoplay Combined with Movie Mirror 1945-12: Vol 28 Iss 1 . MacFadden Publishing Inc. 1945. ^ a b c d e "Why Our Most Glamorous Models Fade Out After 2 Years". Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) . May 19, 1935. p. 65. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Photoplay Combined with Movie Mirror 1945-12: Vol 28 Iss 1 . MacFadden Publishing Inc. 1945. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Gross, Michael (1996). Model: the ugly business of beautiful women . Warner Books. p. 59. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Decorate With PINUPS Here's a swell idea for dressing up a game room". US Camera Magazine . Feb 1946. p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "26 Mar 1951, 230 - Daily News at Newspapers.com" (http://www.newspapers.com/image/450882408/?terms=%22Cathy%20downs%22%20%22Walter%20Thornton%22&match=1) . Newspapers.com . Retrieved 2021-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Glo Ad" (https://books.google.com/books?id=M0EEAAAAMBAJ&q=%2Apin-up+girl%2A+%2Awalter+thornton%2A%22Flame&pg=PA122) , LIFE , Mar 29, 1948 ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Herald and Review from Decatur, Illinois on May 9, 1948 · Page 10" (http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/88460118/) . Newspapers.com . 9 May 1948 . Retrieved 2021-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19410404&id=Pg4TAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OOQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6996,4901232&hl=en) . news.google.com . Retrieved 2021-11-22 . ^ a b "The Spokesman-Review - Google News Archive Search" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19470126&id=MF0zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ReUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3289,3630067&hl=en) . news.google.com . Retrieved 2021-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Donlevy, Brian, from Britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Brian-Donlevy (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Brian-Donlevy) ^ (#cite_ref-29) Thornton, Walter (Oct 30, 1937). "The Merchant of Venus". The Saturday Evening Post . p. 20. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Red: The Tempestuous Life of Susan Hayward" by Robert LaGuardia and Gene Auceri, p.36 ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Featured Artist on Weekly Radio Program". The Montclair Times (Montclair, New Jersey) . Aug 2, 1940. p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Unknown Author, [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=-hkEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%2Asilvia+Macneill%2A%2AWalter+Thornton%2A&pg=PT13) , The Billboard , August 3, 1946 ^ (#cite_ref-:4_33-0) Unknown Author, [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=YX_daEhlnbsC&dq=Louise+Arnold%2A%2Awalter+thornton&pg=PA1076) , The Encyclopedia of Television Shows ^ (#cite_ref-34) Unknown Author, [3] (https://archive.org/details/variety163-1946-08/page/n12/mode/2up?q=walter+thornton+model+agency) , Variety , August 28, 1946 ^ (#cite_ref-35) Thornton, Walter (Nov 24, 1940). "At the Court of the Merchant of Venus OVERSEAS BLONDE -and 5'10". El Paso Times . p. 52. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Eileen Evans-Smith, "Person to Person: Every Girl a Model?" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19621113&id=hFUlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ieUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4302,3069328&hl=en) , Ottawa Citizen , p. 25, November 13, 1962 ^ (#cite_ref-37) Unknown Author, "Advertisement for Walter Thornton Modeling School" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19680304&id=h8gyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=A-0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3630,835392&hl=en) , Ottawa Citizen , p. 22, March 04, 1968 ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Anything to Make the Soldier Laddies Happy". New York Post . Dec 19, 1940. ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Jerry Cooper Outstanding Diamond Recording Get a Pin-Up girl" (https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1948/Billboard%201948-04-17.pdf) (PDF) . World Radio News . April 17, 1948. ^ a b Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1949-02-26). Billboard . Nielsen Business Media, Inc. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-41) Stevenson, L. L. (March 2, 1946). "Lights of new York" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90481572/pin-up-room/) . The Herald-News (Passaic, New Jersey) . p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Make your advertising command attention! Over 4000 Walter Thornton Children's pictures to choose from". News Day (Suffolk Edition) (New York) . Aug 1, 1949. p. 40. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Merchant of Venus Head on Fraud Charges" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19401226&id=k3EbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X0wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2392,4152633&hl=en) , Barrier Miner , January 27, 1954 ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Thornton is Free in Model 'Racket'" (https://www.nytimes.com/1954/06/03/archives/thornton-is-free-in-model-racket.html) , The New York Times , June 03, 1954 ^ (#cite_ref-45) "1000% Publicity", TIME , p. 86, February 8, 1954 ^ (#cite_ref-46) "THORNTON IS FREE IN MODEL 'RACKET' (https://www.nytimes.com/1954/06/03/archives/thornton-is-free-in-model-racket.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/1954/06/03/archives/thornton-is-free-in-model-racket.html) . The New York Times . 1954-06-03. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-11-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Walter Thornton Sues For $3,000,000", Editor & Publisher , May 21, 1955 ^ (#cite_ref-48) Betty Clark, "Model Wife Says Anyone Can Keep Spouse Charmed" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19450603&id=FkdPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0U4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4522,4850118&hl=en) , St. Petersburg Times , Jun 3, 1945 ^ (#cite_ref-49) Morris Reichley, "Arabian Nights" (http://www.chapala.com/chapala/arabian.html) , El Ojo del Lago ^ (#cite_ref-50) Marks, Julie (2021-10-05). "What Caused the Stock Market Crash of 1929?" (https://www.history.com/news/what-caused-the-stock-market-crash-of-1929) . history.com . 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Dutch fashion model Kiki Willems Willems modeling Coperni (/w/index.php?title=Coperni&action=edit&redlink=1) in the Eiffel Tower (/wiki/Eiffel_Tower) in 2020 Born Kiki Diede Hanneloek Willems ( 1996-08-11 ) 11 August 1996 (age 27) Maastricht (/wiki/Maastricht) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Nationality Dutch Modeling information Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Blonde (naturally brown) Eye color Blue Agencies DNA Models (/w/index.php?title=DNA_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) (New York) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (Paris, London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Kiki Diede Hanneloek Willems [2] (#cite_note-2) (born 11 August 1996) is a Dutch fashion model. She made her debut opening Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) 's Spring/Summer 15 show, [3] (#cite_note-3) and its subsequent print campaign, photographed by Hedi Slimane (/wiki/Hedi_Slimane) . Career [ edit ] Willems was born in Maastricht (/wiki/Maastricht) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Growing up she wanted to be a theater actress, taking classes and acting in several productions. After graduating high school Willems auditioned for the Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts (/wiki/Maastricht_Academy_of_Dramatic_Arts) , but was rejected. [5] (#cite_note-5) While working in a supermarket in Maastricht she was scouted and signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Soon after she got a call for a Saint Laurent casting. [7] (#cite_note-7) After that, Willems walked for many labels such as Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , and Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) ; and shot campaigns for MSGM, Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Simone Rocha (/wiki/Simone_Rocha) , Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) , among others. According to The Fashion Spot, for the Spring/Summer 2019 season, Willems tied with South Korean model Yoon Young Bae (/wiki/Yoon_Young_Bae) for having the most bookings. [8] (#cite_note-8) For a period of her career she had fiery red hair as her signature trait. [9] (#cite_note-9) Among the magazine covers Willems was featured in, highlights include her September 2016 Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) cover, shot by Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) , [10] (#cite_note-10) and her Fall/Winter 2019 AnOther Magazine (/wiki/Another_Magazine) cover alongside her boyfriend, German model Jonas Glöer (/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Gl%C3%B6er&action=edit&redlink=1) , shot by Willy Vanderperre (/w/index.php?title=Willy_Vanderperre&action=edit&redlink=1) and styled by Olivier Rizzo (/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Rizzo&action=edit&redlink=1) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Willems is currently ranked as an "Industry Icon" by models.com. [12] (#cite_note-12) Personal life [ edit ] Since October 2015, Willems is officially dating German model Jonas Glöer (/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Gl%C3%B6er&action=edit&redlink=1) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kiki Willems - Model" (https://models.com/models/kiki-willems) . MODELS.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Weinstock, Tish (2016-10-20). "model kiki willems on getting into photography and working at a grocery store" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/bjng74/model-kiki-willems-on-getting-into-photography-and-working-at-a-grocery-store) . i-D . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Saint Laurent Spring 2015 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2015-ready-to-wear/saint-laurent/slideshow/collection) . Vogue . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Weinstock, Tish (2016-10-20). "model kiki willems on getting into photography and working at a grocery store" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/bjng74/model-kiki-willems-on-getting-into-photography-and-working-at-a-grocery-store) . i-D . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wijk, Door Kaira van (2018-08-06). "Super Model Kiki Willems: 'Van dichtbij mocht ik de rebranding van Calvin Klein door Raf Simons meemaken' (https://www.vogue.nl/fashion/modellen/a22636461/super-model-kiki-willems-van-dichtbij-mocht-ik-de-rebranding-van-calvin-klein-door-raf-simons-meemaken/) " (https://www.vogue.nl/fashion/modellen/a22636461/super-model-kiki-willems-van-dichtbij-mocht-ik-de-rebranding-van-calvin-klein-door-raf-simons-meemaken/) . Vogue (in Dutch) . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Weinstock, Tish (2016-10-20). "model kiki willems on getting into photography and working at a grocery store" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/bjng74/model-kiki-willems-on-getting-into-photography-and-working-at-a-grocery-store) . i-D . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Dazed (2019-12-17). "Eight models reflect on a decade of fashion" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/47229/1/eight-models-reflect-decade-fashion-2010s-teddy-quinlivan-adesuwa-edie-campbell) . Dazed . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hargrove, Channing. "Diversity At New York Fashion Week Reached An All-Time High" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/09/211102/models-nyfw-spring-2019-diversity-on-runway) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Comment les cheveux roux ont pris d'assaut les catwalks ?" (https://www.vogue.fr/beauty-tips/beauty-advice/story/how-red-hair-has-stormed-the-runways/1570) . Vogue Paris . Les Publications Condé Nast. 12 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Vogue Italia settembre 2016: Fashion of the times" (https://www.vogue.it/moda/cover-fashion-stories/2016/09/01/vogue-italia-settembre-2016-steven-meisel-fashion-of-the-times) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). September 2016 . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Jonas Glöer and Kiki Willems cover AnOther Magazine Fall/Winter 2019 by Willy Vanderperre - fashionotography" (https://www.fashionotography.com/jonas-gloer-and-kiki-willems-cover-another-magazine-fall-winter-2019-by-willy-vanderperre/) . 2020-01-18 . Retrieved 2021-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Kiki Willems" (https://models.com/models/kiki-willems) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-18 . This article needs additional or more specific categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization) . Please help out (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiki_Willems&action=edit) by adding categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?) to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. 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South Indian ornamental belt This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vaddanam) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Vaddanam" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vaddanam%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vaddanam%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vaddanam%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vaddanam%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vaddanam%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vaddanam%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_people) bride wearing Vaddanam and a long necklace Vaddanam is a gold ornamental belt worn by South Indian (/wiki/South_India) women on special occasions. These occasions can include festival days, major family occasions, and weddings. like marriages as a status symbol in South India (/wiki/South_India) . A Vaddanam is one of the heaviest ornaments worn by a bride. A South Indian marriage is rarely seen without the bride wearing one. [1] (#cite_note-Chopra-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Chopra_1-0) Chopra, Pran Nath (1992). Encyclopaedia of India: Pondicherry . Rima Publishing. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐t9tsj Cached time: 20240716115747 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.193 seconds Real time usage: 0.605 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 508/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12733/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 868/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6092/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.119/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3627781/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 257.483 1 -total 36.11% 92.967 1 Template:Reflist 31.80% 81.868 1 Template:Cite_book 28.70% 73.907 1 Template:Short_description 27.84% 71.684 1 Template:More_citations_needed 25.76% 66.318 1 Template:Ambox 16.47% 42.410 2 Template:Pagetype 7.53% 19.395 4 Template:Main_other 6.61% 17.027 1 Template:SDcat 5.98% 15.396 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39040183-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716115747 and revision id 1210738860. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaddanam&oldid=1210738860 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaddanam&oldid=1210738860) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian traditions (/wiki/Category:Indian_traditions) Jewellery of India (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_of_India) Tamil culture (/wiki/Category:Tamil_culture) Culture of South India (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_South_India) South India (/wiki/Category:South_India) Culture of Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Andhra_Pradesh) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from May 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2019) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Use dmy dates from May 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2019) Use Indian English from May 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_May_2019) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English)
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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Corot) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Marie-Françoise Corot" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise+Corot%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) French fashion designer You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Corot) in Swedish . (August 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Marie-Françoise Corot]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|sv|Marie-Françoise Corot}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Corot) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Marie-Françoise Corot Marie-Françoise Corot (1768–1851) was a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) ( milliner (/wiki/Milliner) ), known as one of the most fashionable of her trade in the first decades of the 19th-century. [1] (#cite_note-1) She was the daughter of a Swiss merchant, married the French wig maker Louis-Jacques Corot (1771–1847) in 1793 and became the mother of the artist Camille Corot (/wiki/Camille_Corot) . She had been the student of a milliner before her marriage, and after her marriage she opened her own milliner business. She was successful enough that in 1798, her spouse discontinued his own business just to handle the economy of her business. During the First Empire, she was a fashionable milliner in Paris and second only to the famous Madame Herbault (/wiki/Madame_Herbault) , the milliner of empress Josephine, who was described as her main rival and competitor. Her fame and success continued during the entire Bourbon Restoration in France (/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gary Tinterow (/wiki/Gary_Tinterow) , Michael Pantazzi, Vincent Pomarède, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), Musée des beaux-arts du Canada (Ottawa, Ont.)., National Gallery of Canada, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.): Corot (https://books.google.com/books?id=5tchlLkspeIC&q=millinery&pg=PA409) (New York, N.Y.) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Gary Tinterow, Michael Pantazzi, Vincent Pomarède, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), Musée des beaux-arts du Canada (Ottawa, Ont.)., National Gallery of Canada, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.): p. Corot (https://books.google.com/books?id=5tchlLkspeIC&pg=PA409) (New York, N.Y.) v t e Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot) Paintings The Bridge at Narni (/wiki/The_Bridge_at_Narni) (1826) Castel Sant'Angelo and the Tiber, Rome (/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo_and_the_Tiber,_Rome) (1826-1828) The Cathedral of Chartres (/wiki/The_Cathedral_of_Chartres) (1830) Hagar in the Wilderness (/wiki/Hagar_in_the_Wilderness) (1835) View of Volterra (/wiki/View_of_Volterra) (1838) View of Venice: The Piazzetta Seen from the Riva degli Schiavoni (/wiki/View_of_Venice:_The_Piazzetta_Seen_from_the_Riva_degli_Schiavoni) (c. 1835-1845) The Harbor of La Rochelle (/wiki/The_Harbor_of_La_Rochelle) (1851) Le Concert Champêtre (/wiki/Le_concert_champ%C3%AAtre) (1858) Souvenir de Mortefontaine (/wiki/Souvenir_de_Mortefontaine) (1864) Ville-d'Avray (/wiki/Ville-d%27Avray_(Corot)) (1865) A Woman Reading (/wiki/A_Woman_Reading) (1869) Sibylle (/wiki/Sibylle_(painting)) (c. 1870) Related Marie-Françoise Corot (mother) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐r8j55 Cached time: 20240712191254 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.309 seconds Real time usage: 4.024 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 922/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2619/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14170/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.176/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2780087/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 413.523 1 -total 44.28% 183.123 2 Template:Ambox 27.69% 114.493 1 Template:Verification 24.94% 103.122 1 Template:Expand_Swedish 23.99% 99.216 1 Template:Expand_language 22.61% 93.515 1 Template:Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot 21.89% 90.531 1 Template:Navbox 21.37% 88.371 1 Template:Hidden 19.78% 81.780 1 Template:Short_description 16.74% 69.223 1 Template:Hidden_begin Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68383398-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712191254 and revision id 1168584949. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie-Françoise_Corot&oldid=1168584949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie-Françoise_Corot&oldid=1168584949) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1768 births (/wiki/Category:1768_births) 1851 deaths (/wiki/Category:1851_deaths) 19th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesswomen) 19th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesspeople) French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) French women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_women_fashion_designers) French milliners (/wiki/Category:French_milliners) People of the First French Empire (/wiki/Category:People_of_the_First_French_Empire) People of the Bourbon Restoration (/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration) 18th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_businesswomen) 18th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_businesspeople) Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2022) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Biography articles needing translation from Swedish Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Biography_articles_needing_translation_from_Swedish_Wikipedia)
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British-American model (born 1983) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Kate Lambert" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kate+Lambert%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kate+Lambert%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kate+Lambert%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kate+Lambert%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kate+Lambert%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kate+Lambert%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Kate Lambert Born ( 1983-09-16 ) 16 September 1983 (age 40) Wales (/wiki/Wales) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Nationality British/American (naturalized) Occupations Fashion model Fashion designer singer entrepreneur Known for Steampunk modeling Steampunk Couture Steamgirl Stylerotica DK-Zero (band) Label Steampunk Couture Website steampunkcouture (http://steampunkcouture.com) .com (http://steampunkcouture.com) , http://www.steamgirl.com (http://www.steamgirl.com) Kate Lambert , known professionally as " Kato ", is a British model, fashion designer, singer and entrepreneur. A native of Wales, Kato emigrated to the United States in 2007. She became a US citizen in 2019. One of the most recognisable faces of the steampunk (/wiki/Steampunk) community, Kato has been called "the supermodel of steampunk" [1] (#cite_note-calendar-1) [ non-primary source needed ] and steampunk's "it" girl (/wiki/It_girl) . [2] (#cite_note-Chronicle-2) Steampunk comic heroine Lady Mechanika (/wiki/Lady_Mechanika) was inspired by her look, [3] (#cite_note-3) and her work has been featured in several books on steampunk art and fashion including International Steampunk Fashions , where her photo is featured prominently on the cover. [4] (#cite_note-4) Kato was also on the cover of the August 2014 issue of Bizarre (/wiki/Bizarre_Magazine) Magazine (/wiki/Bizarre_Magazine) , [5] (#cite_note-5) which referred to her as a "steampunk idol" and " pin-up (/wiki/Pin-up_girl) legend". She also appeared on the cover of the Spring 2012 issue of FEY Magazine, [6] (#cite_note-6) and also the covers of September 2012 Ladies of Steampunk [7] (#cite_note-7) and April 2013 LoSP Bronze Age ( NSFW (/wiki/NSFW) ) [8] (#cite_note-8) magazines. In July 2016 she was on the cover of Phantasm Magazine's steampunk issue, where she was referred to as "The Queen of Steam". [9] (#cite_note-9) Kato is a frequent guest speaker at steampunk conventions, most recently Wild Wild West Con in Tucson, Arizona (/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona) and Salt City Steamfest in Salt Lake City, Utah (/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah) . Background [ edit ] Kato is the third of four daughters born to wildlife painter Terence Lambert (/wiki/Terence_Lambert) and his wife, a school headmistress/principal. She grew up in a Victorian rectory behind a 13th-century cemetery, and credits this for her love of Victorian style. [10] (#cite_note-Gothic_Beauty-10) She left school at 16 and finished her final two years at a tech college where she could specialise in fine art. [11] (#cite_note-11) She then went on to complete a course in fashion and textiles at the South West Wales School of Art in Carmarthen. After graduating she launched her first business, called Moshka, where she made and sold dread hair falls online and at craft fairs and markets throughout Wales. Career [ edit ] Modelling and inspiration [ edit ] Early in her modelling career, Kato modelled for Toxico clothing with Ulorin Vex (/wiki/Ulorin_Vex) , and later with Chad Michael Ward. [12] (#cite_note-Yell-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2004 she began designing and making outfits that had a Neo-Victorian (/wiki/Neo-Victorian) and post-apocalyptic (/wiki/Post-apocalyptic) vibe, then modelled them herself and posted them on MySpace. [12] (#cite_note-Yell-12) Her inspiration at that time was the 1800s meets Mad Max (/wiki/Mad_Max) and Tank Girl (/wiki/Tank_Girl) , [14] (#cite_note-LoSP-14) [15] (#cite_note-AltGirl-15) but she didn't know what to call her style until former Abney Park (/wiki/Abney_Park_(band)) vocalist Magdalene Veen noticed her work and pointed out "how Steampunk" her illustrations and style were. [10] (#cite_note-Gothic_Beauty-10) [14] (#cite_note-LoSP-14) [16] (#cite_note-16) Model Ulorin Vex (/wiki/Ulorin_Vex) wearing post-apocalyptic steampunk attire designed by Kato. Fashion design [ edit ] In 2007, Kato founded the first steampunk clothing company, "Steampunk Couture", [17] (#cite_note-Steampunk_Journal-17) producing high-quality, custom-fit clothing and accessories catering specifically to the steampunk genre. [18] (#cite_note-18) Her designs incorporate post-apocalyptic and tribal influences as well as sci-fi (/wiki/Science_fiction) , shabby chic (/wiki/Shabby_chic) [17] (#cite_note-Steampunk_Journal-17) [19] (#cite_note-19) and Harajuku (/wiki/Harajuku) / Mori girl (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion#Mori_girl) elements. [12] (#cite_note-Yell-12) [15] (#cite_note-AltGirl-15) One of her more popular ensembles, the "Vex" outfit, was named after model Ulorin Vex, who modelled it on the Steampunk Couture website. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2006, Kato, then head of steampunk/industrial musician Doctor Steel (/wiki/Doctor_Steel) 's fan club, the " Army of Toy Soldiers (/wiki/Army_of_Toy_Soldiers) ", founded Toy Soldiers Unite! , the club's website. [21] (#cite_note-21) Besides running the site as "Sergeant Kato", she also designed all the club's uniforms, as well as creating the security guard and nurse uniforms worn by Steel's stage performers. In 2011, when Dr. Steel retired, Kato turned over control of Toy Soldiers Unite to its current administrators. In 2010, Kato designed the outfit for the character "Enki" in John Soares (/wiki/John_Soares) ' dieselpunk (/wiki/Dieselpunk) action series, The Danger Element , [22] (#cite_note-22) as well as playing the voice of the car, the "Jitnimobile". [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2013, Flirty Girl Collectibles issued a 1/6 scale collectible action figure of her wearing the "Vex" outfit. [24] (#cite_note-24) [ non-primary source needed ] In 2014, her Steampunk Couture clothing line became available through DraculaClothing.com (https://draculaclothing.com/) . She also consolidated all her businesses and clothing lines under the S Corporation (/wiki/S_Corporation) name, "Lambee Co.", and teamed with fashion designer Vera Iam to create two new lines of shoes and boots. Other projects [ edit ] In 2013, Kato started Steamgirl LLC, a multi-media (/wiki/Multi-media) neo-Victorian fashion erotica (/wiki/Erotica) site and the first subscription site for steampunk erotica. [2] (#cite_note-Chronicle-2) Besides designing the clothing the models on her site wear, she also builds steampunk and neo-Victorian furniture, props, and hardware as well as doing all the hair and makeup for the shoots. [12] (#cite_note-Yell-12) Kato is also a writer for Ladies of Steampunk and LoSP Bronze Age magazines, [1] (#cite_note-calendar-1) and was featured in LoSP ' s premiere issue. [25] (#cite_note-25) She also teamed with photographer Chloe Barcelou and launched Mori Girl Clothing, the first Mori Kei clothing company outside Japan. She is currently [ when? ] also working on a graphic novel. In August 2015, Kato became one of the official judges of the GSN (/wiki/Game_Show_Network) reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) game show (/wiki/Game_show) series Steampunk'd (/wiki/Steampunk%27d) . [26] (#cite_note-26) DK-Zero [ edit ] In July 2017 Kato formed a punk/industrial band, "DK-Zero", with Derek Brown of Abney Park (/wiki/Abney_Park_(band)) . In 2018 they released their debut album, “From Nothing.” Their first full-length music video, "iFeel", passed 100,000 views on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) in just three months. Her band took the main stage at Wave Gotik Treffen (/wiki/Wave_Gotik_Treffen) in 2019, and was also a headliner at Wasteland Weekend (/wiki/Wasteland_Weekend) later that year. She is no longer with the band. References [ edit ] ^ a b "2014 Calendar Store" (http://www.ladiesofsteampunk.com/#!katos-2014-calendar-store/c13y1) . Ladies of Steampunk Magazine. ^ a b Frame, Wilhelmina (28 May 2013). "An Interview with Kato" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140223062530/http://steampunkchronicle.com/ArticleView/tabid/238/ArticleId/456/An-Interview-with-Kato.aspx) . Steampunk Chronicle. Archived from the original (http://steampunkchronicle.com/ArticleView/tabid/238/ArticleId/456/An-Interview-with-Kato.aspx) on 23 February 2014 . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Joe Benitez's Lady Mechanika" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091223/http://etheremporium.pbworks.com/w/page/32145315/Joe%20Benitez) . Aether Emporium. Archived from the original (http://etheremporium.pbworks.com/w/page/32145315/Joe%20Benitez) on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 3 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ramey., Paul (31 March 2013). " (http://ninemusepress.com/tag/steampunk-fashion/) "Victoriana Lady" Lisa Griffiths Publishes Book on Steampunk Fashion" (http://ninemusepress.com/tag/steampunk-fashion/) . Nine Muse Press. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New Issue!" (http://www.bizarremag.com/news-and-videos/news-and-events/12778/new_issue.html) . Bizarre Magazine. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "FAE issue 18 spring 2012" (http://www.thefaeshop.com/shop/fae-issue-18-spring-2012/) . FEY magazine. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Ladies of Steampunk Magazine: Volume 1, Issue 1" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/436260) . Sean Makiney. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "LoSP: Bronze Age, Issue 3 NSFW" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/436260) . Sean Makiney. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Phantasm Magazine, Issue 10" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/1133304) . MagCloud (/wiki/MagCloud) . ^ a b Phillips, Marissa (9 February 2012). "Steampunk Couture" (http://www.gothicbeauty.com/fashion/3053-steampunk-couture.html#.Uz3bM1e9ZPc) . Gothic Beauty Magazine. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Sukie (23 May 2011). "Bad Candy talks jewellery with Steampunk Couture Clothing" (http://badcandyco.blogspot.com/2011/05/bad-candy-talks-jewellery-with.html) . Bad Candy . Retrieved 4 April 2014 . ^ a b c d Reese, Danailya (18 February 2014). "Kato (aka, Steamgirl) – Steampunk Never Looked So Good" (http://www.yellmagazine.com/kato-steamgirl-steampunk/78654/) . Yell Magazine. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Kato: FAQ" (https://www.facebook.com/notes/kato/faq-/375052365901564) . Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . ^ a b "Kato interview" (http://www.ladiesofsteampunk.com/#!kato/cbs8) . Ladies of Steampunk Magazine. ^ a b "Interview with Kato from Steampunk Couture" (https://altgirlbotherer.tumblr.com/post/12889437231/kato-from-steampunk-couture) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Vain, Veronica (27 November 2011). "Designer Spotlight: Steampunk Couture" (http://www.thevanitydirectory.com/2011/11/27/designer-spotlight-steampunk-couture/) . The Vanity Directory. ^ a b "Company Spotlight: Steampunk Couture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092026/http://steampunkjournal.org/2014/02/20/steampunk-couture/) . Steampunk Journal. 20 February 2014. Archived from the original (http://steampunkjournal.org/2014/02/20/steampunk-couture/) on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) J3SS (28 October 2011). "Geek Girl: Steampunk Kato" (http://www.geekpr0n.com/fappin-friday-steampunk-kato/#.Uzolwle9ZPc) . GEEKPR0N. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Interview: Kato of Steampunk Couture" (http://www.hollywoodnoirmakeup.com/interview-kato-of-steampunk-couture/) . Hollywood Noir Makeup. 3 July 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Ulorin Vex modelling the "Vex" outfit" (http://www.steampunkcouture.com/forsale/c/summer2010/the-vex-outfit-63/) . Steampunk Couture. Summer 2010 . Retrieved 16 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Toy Soldiers Unite: About (archive)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120119145632/http://www.toysoldiersunite.com/about) . Toy Soldiers Unite. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.toysoldiersunite.com/about) on 19 January 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Miss Kiddo (9 July 2013). "The Danger Element" (http://www.legionofnerds.com/article.php?title=The%20Danger%20Element) . Legion of Nerds. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "The Danger Element" (http://westhavenbrook.com/?page_id=9) . Westhavenbrook Productions. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Flirty Girl Steampunk Action Figure" (https://www.flickr.com/photos/edwicks_toybox/11431079695/) . 18 December 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Ladies of Steampunk Magazine: Volume 1, Issue 1" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/436260) . Steampunk Magazine. 16 January 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Jeannie Mai to Host GSN New Competition Series STEAMPUNK'D, 8/19" (http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Jeannie-Mai-to-Host-GSN-New-Competition-Series-STEAMPUNKD-819-20150709) . Broadway World. 9 July 2015. External links [ edit ] Kato's modeling portfolio (http://www.thisiskato.com/) Kato on Model Mayhem (http://www.modelmayhem.com/1173679) Steampunk Couture (http://www.steampunkcouture.com) SteamGirl (http://www.steamgirl.com) Kate Lambert on IMDb (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8498167/?ref_=fn_al_nm_2) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐wsg52 Cached time: 20240709023902 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.528 seconds Real time usage: 0.674 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3438/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57183/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4244/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 99962/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.330/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8606143/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 625.099 1 -total 31.85% 199.082 1 Template:Reflist 30.07% 187.974 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 27.40% 171.306 26 Template:Cite_web 11.14% 69.642 1 Template:Short_description 10.63% 66.423 1 Template:BLP_sources 9.62% 60.121 1 Template:Ambox 9.60% 60.039 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.96% 43.491 2 Template:Pagetype 6.80% 42.499 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42375973-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709023902 and revision id 1221845717. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Lambert&oldid=1221845717 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Lambert&oldid=1221845717) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1983 births (/wiki/Category:1983_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) British expatriates in the United States (/wiki/Category:British_expatriates_in_the_United_States) Welsh fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Welsh_fashion_designers) Welsh female models (/wiki/Category:Welsh_female_models) 21st-century Welsh women artists (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Welsh_women_artists) Artists from California (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_California) People from Loma Linda, California (/wiki/Category:People_from_Loma_Linda,_California) British women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from April 2014 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_April_2014) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) EngvarB from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_April_2015) Use British English from September 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2018) Use dmy dates from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2015) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All pages needing factual verification (/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification) Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from July 2014 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_July_2014) Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2014 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_April_2014) All articles with vague or ambiguous time (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time) Vague or ambiguous time from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_April_2024)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐7588db7c9d‐7f2m5 Cached time: 20240717045328 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.050 seconds Real time usage: 0.069 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 374/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627098/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 60.918 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 60.918 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59218170-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717045328 and revision id 876200207. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Frock coats" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) B Bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) F Frock (/wiki/Frock) O Over-frock coat (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) R Rekel (/wiki/Rekel) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Frock_coats&oldid=876200207 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Frock_coats&oldid=876200207) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Formal wear (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) Coats (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Coats_(clothing)) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion))
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French fashion designer (born 1977) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Alexis_Mabille) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Alexis_Mabille) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Alexis Mabille" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Alexis+Mabille%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Alexis+Mabille%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Alexis+Mabille%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Alexis+Mabille%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alexis+Mabille%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alexis+Mabille%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article reads like a press release (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#PROMO) or a news article (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS) and may be largely based on routine coverage (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Routine_coverage) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Mabille&action=edit) and add independent sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Alexis Mabille Born ( 1977-11-30 ) 30 November 1977 (age 46) Lyons (/wiki/Lyon) , France (/wiki/France) Nationality French Education Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne Label Alexis Mabille Alexis Mabille (born 30 November 1977) is a French fashion designer who is the creative director of his namesake label, Alexis Mabille. [1] (#cite_note-official-1) Early life [ edit ] Alexis Mabille was born in 1977 to a middle-class family in Lyons (/wiki/Lyon) , France (/wiki/France) . His mother had an interest in fashion, and taught the young Mabille how to use a needle and thread. He developed an expertise in creating clothes, and as a teen would dress his family and friends. He designed clothes for the Lyons opera, and made clothes for a growing number of clients. [2] (#cite_note-2) Education [ edit ] In 1995, Mabille enrolled in the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne for a three-year course. In 1997, he graduated early due to his early expertise at couture designs. He would then train at Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) and Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) . [3] (#cite_note-vogue-3) Career [ edit ] After his training at Nina Ricci and Ungaro, Mabille moved to Dior (/wiki/Dior) where then-creative director John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) noticed his talent and appointed him to design the 1997 accessories collection for the house. It was a major success, and he collaborated on the men's jewelry collection with Hedi Slimane (/wiki/Hedi_Slimane) , who would later go on to head Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) . [3] (#cite_note-vogue-3) He would continue his service at Dior while collaborating with such celebrated fashion houses as Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) and Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) . [1] (#cite_note-official-1) In 2005, he launched his namesake label, his designs at that time were unisex (/wiki/Unisex) . He decided to use the bowtie as a logo, as well as a common denominator of menswear and womenswear. He wanted to reinvent the bowties that were seen in France as old-fashioned, and only won by the girls in the countryside. [4] (#cite_note-4) His collections for Ready to Wear (/wiki/Ready_to_Wear) were lauded across the fashion world, with such people as Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) and Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) praising his bowtie collections. [3] (#cite_note-vogue-3) In 2008, Alexis Mabille showed at Paris Haute Couture Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Paris_Haute_Couture_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) for the first time. Personal life [ edit ] Mabille currently lives in Marais (/wiki/Le_Marais) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) . [3] (#cite_note-vogue-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Alexis Mabille" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130709043639/http://www.alexismabille.com/en/alexis.php?page=alexis) . Alexis Mabille. Archived from the original (http://www.alexismabille.com/en/alexis.php?page=alexis) on 2013-07-09 . Retrieved 2013-05-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Alexis Mabille - Fashion Designer" (https://archive.today/20130411215607/http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/en/2008/12/11/1154-alexis-mabille) . Tendances-de-mode.com. Archived from the original (http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/en/2008/12/11/1154-alexis-mabille) on 2013-04-11 . Retrieved 2013-05-15 . ^ a b c d Teresa Cannatà. "Alexis Mabille" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/success-stories/2010/03/alexis-mabille) . Vogue.it . Retrieved 2013-05-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Alexis Mabille Loves a Naughty Twist in His Designs (http://popspoken.com/fashion/2012/12/alexis-mabille-loves-a-naughty-twist-in-his-designs) Popspoken. Retrieved on 2014-09-09. Guardian interview (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jan/27/alexis-mabille-fashion-designer-interview) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/6219147872013775170003) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17080265x) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17080265x) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/366680) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐wrrnb Cached time: 20240623143643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.415 seconds Real time usage: 0.827 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2051/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50196/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10200/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24941/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.282/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6502327/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 511.866 1 -total 30.90% 158.150 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 27.71% 141.855 3 Template:Ambox 19.94% 102.088 1 Template:Reflist 17.49% 89.541 1 Template:Multiple_issues 17.20% 88.023 3 Template:Cite_web 16.85% 86.273 1 Template:ACArt 13.98% 71.549 1 Template:Short_description 11.51% 58.918 1 Template:Notability 10.82% 55.381 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38473890-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623143643 and revision id 1222538130. 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Territory Rig is the style of dress which men adopt in the Northern Territory (/wiki/Northern_Territory) on official occasions, comprising long trousers, shirt and tie. Territory Rig is also sometimes called Darwin Rig. [1] (#cite_note-1) The expression has expanded to be used as a formal dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) for both men and women. The Northern Territory Government (/wiki/Government_of_the_Northern_Territory) officially defines Territory Rig for gentlemen as trousers, long sleeved-shirt and tie, and for ladies as day dress/after five. [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] Red Sea rig (/wiki/Red_Sea_rig) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Macquarie Dictionary" (https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/aus/word/map/search/word/Darwin%20rig/The%20Centre/) . macquariedictionary.com.au . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Department of the Chief Minister" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228223554/http://www.dcm.nt.gov.au/strong_service_delivery/supporting_government/Protocol_NT/dress_code) . nt.gov.au . Archived from the original (http://www.dcm.nt.gov.au/strong_service_delivery/supporting_government/Protocol_NT/dress_code) on 28 February 2016 . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐wdbhd Cached time: 20240722014206 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.099 seconds Real time usage: 0.122 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 147/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 77/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8194/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.064/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2857069/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 112.317 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 112.317 1 -total 83.89% 94.226 2 Template:Cite_web 1.54% 1.730 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49804200-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722014206 and revision id 1235944223. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territory_rig&oldid=1235944223 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territory_rig&oldid=1235944223) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian clothing (/wiki/Category:Australian_clothing) Semi-formal wear (/wiki/Category:Semi-formal_wear) Culture of the Northern Territory (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Northern_Territory) Military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Military_uniforms)
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Need Supply Co. Formerly Blues Recycled Clothing Industry clothing Founded 1996 Defunct 2020 Fate Downturn in sales Area served United States (/wiki/United_States) Japan (/wiki/Japan) Products Men’s and Women’s Apparel, footwear, and accessories Owner Christopher Bossola Website https://needsupply.com/ (https://needsupply.com/) Need Supply Co. was a U.S.-based e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) company founded by Christopher Bossola which was in business 1996–2020. [1] (#cite_note-1) The company shut down in September 2020 due to financial problems brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Overview [ edit ] Need Supply Co. was a clothing and lifestyle brand based in Richmond, Virginia (/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia) . The business was started with 300 pairs of vintage Levi's (/wiki/Levi%27s) and a 250 sq. ft. store. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The company later expanded their offerings to include men's and women's clothing (including luxury fashion and premium streetwear), accessories, footwear, beauty, and home products. [5] (#cite_note-5) In Richmond, it was known for its congenial staff and as a hub for the art and fashion communities. In 2008, Need Supply Co. launched their web store at needsupply.com and have been growing a global customer base ever since. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) They curate a mix of well-known brands and up-and-coming independent designers from the U.S. and abroad. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [ unreliable source? ] Inc. 5000 named Need Supply Co. to its 2013 list of America's Fastest-Growing Companies, earning a ranking of 723 of 5,000. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2015, Need Supply Co. expanded into the Japanese market with stores in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The same year, the company started NEED, a men's and women's apparel line designed and produced exclusively for Need Supply Co. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In later years, NEED expanded into additional categories, including accessories and footwear. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2016, Need Supply Co. minority shareholders Herschel Capital Co., acquired the Seattle-based luxury retailer, Totokaelo, and entered into a long-term operating agreement with Need Supply Co. management to oversee operations for Totokaelo's Seattle and New York retail stores, as well as their e-commerce fulfillment. [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Formal measures began in 2018 to merge both Need Supply Co. and Totokaelo under a single parent company, NSTO; the merger completed in 2019. [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) At that time, NSTO also consolidated multiple Richmond, VA offices and relocated their staff into a new global headquarters for NSTO in Richmond's Scott's Addition neighborhood. [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) In 2019, Need Supply Co. (now officially NSTO) was again named to the Inc. 5000 list of America's Fastest-Growing Companies, earning a ranking of 1,711. [15] (#cite_note-15) Closure [ edit ] The company permanently shut down in September 2020. The company had insufficient capital to survive a downturn in sales stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Human Being Journal [ edit ] In 2012, Need Supply Co. started designing and producing a biannual print magazine entitled "Human Being Journal," which featured independent artists and designers from around the globe, in addition to features on music, food, culture, architecture, and fashion. The magazine was distributed globally and in 2014, was also translated into Japanese. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) The Human Being Journal translation partnership eventually led to Need Supply Co. opening stores in Japan (/wiki/Japan) in 2015. [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Need Supply 20 year anniversary (https://www.gq.com/story/need-supply-store-20-year-anniversary) GQ ^ (#cite_ref-2) Schneier, Matthew (7 July 2020). "Need Supply and Totokaelo Will Shutter" (https://www.thecut.com/2020/07/need-supply-and-totokaelo-to-close.html) . The Cut . New York Magazine . Retrieved 21 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Gilligan, Gregory J. (9 October 2015). "Carytown's Need Supply Co. opens store in Japan" (https://www.richmond.com/business/carytown-s-need-supply-co-opens-store-in-japan/article_8fa21a6b-2c76-5268-aeff-e6db7520e598.html) . Richmond Times-Dispatch . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b Christian, Scott (2017-02-17). "How Need Supply Went from a Small Shop to a Global Fashion Force" (https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/news/a53259/need-supply-profile-chris-bossola-gabe-ricioppo/) . Esquire . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Shoptalk Series, Part 4 Need Supply Co. and Wayfair: Setting the Standard for Next-Gen Shopping – Retales From the Frontline" (https://www.retalesfromthefrontline.com/shoptalk-series-part-4-need-supply-co-and-wayfair-setting-the-standard-for-next-gen-shopping/) . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Hylton, David (10 September 2018). "Need Supply Co. to expand, relocate in Scott's Addition" (https://www.nbc12.com/story/38978483/need-supply-co-to-expand-relocate-in-scotts-addition) . nbc12.com . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Binlot, Ann. " (https://www.forbes.com/sites/abinlot/2016/12/21/we-do-things-that-we-believe-in-need-supplys-gabriel-ricioppo-on-surviving-20-years-in-retail/) "We Do Things That We Believe In": Need Supply's Gabriel Ricioppo On Surviving 20 Years In Retail" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/abinlot/2016/12/21/we-do-things-that-we-believe-in-need-supplys-gabriel-ricioppo-on-surviving-20-years-in-retail/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Need Supply Co.'s Creative Director on How it Started From the Bottom and is Now One of the Nations Fastest-Growing Companies" (https://www.complex.com/style/2013/11/need-supply-cos-interview-with-creative-director) . Complex . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bryant, Kenzie (2013-11-18). "Need Supply Co.'s Gabriel Ricioppo: 'Do the Most With the Least' (https://www.racked.com/2013/11/18/7636487/need-supply-cos-gabriel-ricioppo-on-how-to-do-the-most-with-the-least) " (https://www.racked.com/2013/11/18/7636487/need-supply-cos-gabriel-ricioppo-on-how-to-do-the-most-with-the-least) . Racked . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mau, Dhani. "Need Supply Co. to Open Stores in Japan, Launch In-House Line" (https://fashionista.com/2015/10/need-supply-stores-in-house-line) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Hamanaka, Kari (2017-02-21). "Need Supply Looks to Category Expansion After Apparel Launch" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/need-supply-co-looks-to-category-expansion-after-apparel-launch-10812261/) . WWD . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Turk, Robyn (2019-06-12). "Need Supply Co. extends branded categories, launches footwear line" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/need-supply-co-extends-branded-categories-launches-footwear-line/2019061243642) . fashionunited.uk . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Totokaelo Acquired by Herschel Supply Co" (http://campfire-capital.com/retail-ipo-and-acquisitions/totokaelo-acquired-herschel-supply/) . 2016-09-06 . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "42 local companies make Inc. 5000 list" (https://richmondbizsense.com/2019/08/15/42-local-companies-make-inc-5000-list/) . Richmond BizSense . 2019-08-15 . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Need Supply Co" (https://www.inc.com/profile/need-supply-co) . Inc.com . Retrieved 2020-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Gilligan, Gregory J. (17 September 2020). " (https://richmond.com/business/we-just-didn-t-have-the-reserves-to-weather-the-pandemic-richmond-based-need-supply/article_bb603b15-4aa5-5285-8d24-1831675c8d04.html) 'We just didn't have the reserves to weather' the pandemic: Richmond-based Need Supply shuts down after becoming a global retailer" (https://richmond.com/business/we-just-didn-t-have-the-reserves-to-weather-the-pandemic-richmond-based-need-supply/article_bb603b15-4aa5-5285-8d24-1831675c8d04.html) . Richmond Times-Dispatch . Richmond Times-Dispatch . Retrieved 21 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Dickerson, Trevor (2015-10-08). "Carytown retailer Need Supply Co. opening two new stores–in Japan" (https://rvanews.com/news/carytown-retailer-need-supply-co-opening-two-new-stores-in-japan/129817) . RVANews . Retrieved 2019-11-05 . 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Lavish Nigerian parties with music and food Owambe Date Varies Location Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) , especially in Yorubaland (/wiki/Yorubaland) Type Social event Budget Varies Participants Yoruba people (/wiki/Yoruba_people) and other Nigerians Activity Music, dance, food, fashion, spraying of money Attendance Varies Genre Celebration Owambe , also spelt as Owanbe , is a Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_language) term for extravagant parties in Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) , especially among the Yoruba people (/wiki/Yoruba_people) . The term "Owambe" is derived from the Yoruba expression "owan be," meaning the presence of a celebration or party. [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) Owambe parties mark various occasions, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, funerals, housewarmings, graduations, and chieftaincy titles. [2] (#cite_note-The_Herald_2023_l173-2) They are known for their opulence, style, and abundance of food, music, dance, and money. History [ edit ] Owambe parties have historical roots dating back to the pre-colonial era in Yoruba culture. [3] (#cite_note-Uwajeh_m847-3) Yoruba kingdoms, such as Oyo (/wiki/Oyo_Empire) , Ife (/wiki/Ife) , Ijebu (/wiki/Ijebu_Kingdom) , and Egba (/wiki/Egba_people) , were known for their cultural sophistication and tradition of celebrating significant events and milestones. For instance, the Oyo Empire (/wiki/Oyo_Empire) held the annual Odun Oba (/w/index.php?title=Odun_Oba&action=edit&redlink=1) , or King's Festival, [4] (#cite_note-Tugbobo_2022_w227-4) and Ife Kingdom (/wiki/If%E1%BA%B9) celebrated the Odun Olojo (/wiki/Olojo_festival) , or Day of Creation. [5] (#cite_note-Bamigbola_2022_l851-5) During the colonial period, the Yoruba culture adapted to various influences from the British Empire, leading to the emergence of Owambe parties as a form of social expression and resistance. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the post-colonial era, Owambe parties evolved and expanded in scope, becoming more popular among different Nigerian ethnic groups and influenced by global trends and technologies. [7] (#cite_note-Oladotun_2023_h975-7) Features [ edit ] Owambe parties are characterized by several distinctive features, including music, dance, food, fashion, and the practice of spraying money: Music and dance [ edit ] Music and dance are essential components of Owambe parties, providing entertainment for guests. [8] (#cite_note-Olukoju_2018_p.-8) A variety of musical genres are played, ranging from traditional to modern, with diverse dance styles. [2] (#cite_note-The_Herald_2023_l173-2) Some popular musicians who perform at Owambe parties include King Sunny Adé (/wiki/King_Sunny_Ad%C3%A9) , Ebenezer Obey (/wiki/Ebenezer_Obey) , and others. Guests often engage in dance competitions and show their skills. [2] (#cite_note-The_Herald_2023_l173-2) Food [ edit ] Food is an important aspect of Owambe parties, symbolizing hospitality and abundance. The cuisine includes local and continental dishes, prepared by professional caterers or family members to satisfy guests' appetites. Various drinks complement the food. [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) Fashion [ edit ] Fashion plays a significant role in Owambe parties, with guests often wearing Aso ebi (/wiki/Aso_ebi) to indicate belonging to a particular group or family. [9] (#cite_note-9) This practice involves a specific fabric and colour chosen by the hosts. Guests showcase their style and personality through their clothing and accessories. [2] (#cite_note-The_Herald_2023_l173-2) Spraying of money [ edit ] Spraying money is a distinctive feature of Owambe parties, representing appreciation and support for the hosts and performers. Money is thrown or sprayed in various forms and denominations, and its meaning ranges from gratitude to wealth display. [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) However, the practice has also faced criticism due to concerns about resource use and potential violations of currency-related regulations. [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) Types [ edit ] Owambe parties are classified based on the occasion, with common types including weddings, birthdays, and funerals, among others. [2] (#cite_note-The_Herald_2023_l173-2) [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) Each type offers an opportunity for celebration, with weddings being especially popular, involving various ceremonies and parties. [3] (#cite_note-Uwajeh_m847-3) Funerals, while generally solemn, can also have festive aspects depending on the circumstances. [1] (#cite_note-skabash2-1) [10] (#cite_note-Contributor_2021_m923-10) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f "Owambe: All you need to know about this loud Yoruba party" (https://www.skabash.com/owambe-yoruba-party/) . Skabash! . 19 November 2022 . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ a b c d e "Do Yorubas Really Throw The Best 'Owambe' Parties? -" (https://www.herald.ng/do-yorubas-really-throw-the-best-owambe-parties/) . The Herald . 14 October 2023 . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ a b Uwajeh, Alex. " (https://247broadstreet.com/Owambe-party-in-Nigeria.html) "Owanbe" or "Owambe" Party in Nigeria Complete Guide" (https://247broadstreet.com/Owambe-party-in-Nigeria.html) . 247Broadstreet.com . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tugbobo_2022_w227_4-0) Tugbobo, Babatunde (29 July 2022). "Osemawe, subjects celebrate 'Odun Oba' (https://punchng.com/osemawe-subjects-celebrate-odun-oba/) " (https://punchng.com/osemawe-subjects-celebrate-odun-oba/) . Punch Newspapers . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bamigbola_2022_l851_5-0) Bamigbola, Bola (25 September 2022). "Ooni, Aregbesola, Alabi promote culture at Olojo festival" (https://punchng.com/ooni-aregbesola-alabi-promote-culture-at-olojo-festival/) . Punch Newspapers . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kunnuji, Joseph (2020). A Chronicle of Cultural Transformation: Ethnography of Badagry Ogu Musical Practices (PDF) (Thesis). University of Cape Town. ^ (#cite_ref-Oladotun_2023_h975_7-0) Oladotun, Shola-Adido (28 January 2023). "Eight people you'll meet at 'Owambe' (https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/578347-eight-people-youll-meet-at-owambe.html) " (https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/578347-eight-people-youll-meet-at-owambe.html) . Premium Times Nigeria . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Olukoju_2018_p._8-0) Olukoju, Ayodeji (1 January 2018). "Which Lagos, Whose (Hi)story?" (https://www.academia.edu/43040512) . Lagos Notes and Records . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Orimolade, Adefolake Odunayo (2014). Aso Ebi: Impact of the Social Uniform in Nigerian Caucuses, Yoruba Culture and Contemporary Trends (PDF) (Thesis). p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-Contributor_2021_m923_10-0) "Owambe Party in Nigeria: Foods, Vibes, Dressing and Cruise" (https://insight.ng/spice/owambe-party-in-nigeria/) . Insight.ng . 17 October 2021 . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owambe&oldid=1226379457 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owambe&oldid=1226379457) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Nigeria (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Nigeria) Yoruba culture (/wiki/Category:Yoruba_culture) Social events (/wiki/Category:Social_events) Nigerian cuisine (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_cuisine) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_fashion) Entertainment in Nigeria (/wiki/Category:Entertainment_in_Nigeria) Events in Nigeria (/wiki/Category:Events_in_Nigeria) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Pages using infobox event with blank parameters (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_event_with_blank_parameters)
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(Redirected from Shoes (/w/index.php?title=Shoes&redirect=no) ) Footwear This article is about footwear. For other uses, see Shoe (disambiguation) (/wiki/Shoe_(disambiguation)) . "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . A variety of shoes displayed at the Nordic Museum (/wiki/Nordic_Museum) , including models from 1700 to the 1960s. A shoe is an item of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) intended to protect and comfort the human foot (/wiki/Foot) . Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) , which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as high heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) , which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals (/wiki/Sandal) may consist of only a thin sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots (/wiki/Boot) designed specifically for mountaineering (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) or skiing (/wiki/Ski_boot) , while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather (/wiki/Leather) , wood (/wiki/Wood) or canvas (/wiki/Canvas) , but are increasingly being made from rubber (/wiki/Synthetic_rubber) , plastics (/wiki/Plastic) , and other petrochemical (/wiki/Petrochemical) -derived materials. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History Antiquity The oldest known leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , about 5500 years old, found in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) Esparto (/wiki/Esparto) sandals from the 6th (/wiki/6th_millennium_BC) or 5th millennium BC (/wiki/5th_millennium_BC) found in Spain (/wiki/Spain) Roman shoes: a man's, [2] (#cite_note-2) a woman's [3] (#cite_note-3) and a child's [4] (#cite_note-4) shoe from Bar Hill Roman Fort (/wiki/Bar_Hill_Fort) , Scotland. Earliest evidence The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals (/wiki/Sandal) dating (/wiki/Carbon_dating) from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave (/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave) in the US (/wiki/United_States) state of Oregon (/wiki/Oregon) in 1938. [5] (#cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5) The world's oldest leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex (/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex) in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) [7] (#cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7) Ötzi the Iceman (/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman) 's shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) The Jotunheimen shoe (/wiki/Jotunheimen_shoe) was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC, [8] (#cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in Cueva de los Murciélagos (/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos) in Albuñol (/wiki/Albu%C3%B1ol) in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe. [10] (#cite_note-Science_Advances-10) It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear. [11] (#cite_note-Johnson_Olivia-11) Footprints (/wiki/Footprints) suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at Garden Route National Park (/wiki/Garden_Route_National_Park) , Addo Elephant National Park (/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park) and Goukamma Nature Reserve (/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area) in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) . [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of bone awls (/wiki/Bone_tool) dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear. [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led archaeologists (/wiki/Archaeologist) to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes. [13] (#cite_note-Trinkaus_Erik-13) These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Americas Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) . These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison (/wiki/Bison) hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) went barefoot (/wiki/Barefoot) . [14] (#cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14) The leaves of the sisal (/wiki/Sisal) plant were used to make twine (/wiki/Twine) for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca (/wiki/Yucca) plant. [15] (#cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Africa and Middle East As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (precursors to the modern flip-flop (/wiki/Flip-flops) ) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) murals from 4000 BC. "Thebet" may have been the term used to describe these sandals in Egyptian times, possibly from the city Thebes (/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt) . The Middle Kingdom (/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt) is when the first of these thebets were found, but it is possible that it debuted in the Early Dynastic Period (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus (/wiki/Papyrus) leaves and dated (/wiki/Carbon_dating) to be approximately 1,500 years old. They were also worn in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) during the first century of the Christian era. [18] (#cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18) Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a vast variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai (/wiki/Maasai_people) of Africa made them out of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)) . In India they were made from wood. While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) , Hindus (/wiki/Hindus) and Greeks (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", [ citation needed ] which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. Asia and Europe The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games (/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games) participated barefoot—and naked. [20] (#cite_note-ancient_olympics-20) Even the gods (/wiki/Twelve_Olympians) and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, as well as the hoplite (/wiki/Hoplite) warriors. They fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great (/wiki/Alexander_the_Great) conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of Ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) had also been believed to have run barefoot. [21] (#cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21) Footwear of Roman soldiers (reconstruction) The Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) , who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Roman soldiers were issued with chiral (/wiki/Chiral) (left and right shoe different) footwear. [22] (#cite_note-22) Shoes for soldiers had riveted insoles to extend the life of the leather, increase comfort, and provide better traction. The design of these shoes also designated the rank of the officers. The more intricate the insignia and the higher up the boot went on the leg, the higher the rank of the soldier. [23] (#cite_note-23) There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible (/wiki/Bible) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In China and Japan, rice straws were used. [ citation needed ] Starting around 4 BC, the Greeks began wearing symbolic footwear. These were heavily decorated to clearly indicate the status of the wearer. Courtesans wore leather shoes colored with white, green, lemon or yellow dyes, and young woman betrothed or newly married wore pure white shoes. Because of the cost to lighten leather, shoes of a paler shade were a symbol of wealth in the upper class. Often, the soles would be carved with a message so it would imprint on the ground. Cobblers became a notable profession around this time, with Greek shoemakers becoming famed in the Roman empire. [25] (#cite_note-25) Middle Ages and early modern period Asia and Europe A common casual shoe in the Pyrenees (/wiki/Pyrenees) during the Middle Ages was the espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) . This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French (/wiki/French_language) and comes from the esparto (/wiki/Esparto) grass. The shoe originated in the Catalonian (/wiki/Catalonia) region of Spain (/wiki/Spain) as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by peasants (/wiki/Peasant) in the farming communities in the area. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China, one of them being the debut of foot straps. It was first used by the noble Han classes, but soon developed throughout society. Women would use these shoes to develop their "lotus feet", which would entice the males. The practice allegedly started during the Shang dynasty, but it grew popular by c. AD 960 . [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) When the Mongols (/wiki/Mongols) conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued to use the style without much government intervention. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Dutch pattens, c. 1465 . Excavated from the archeological site of Walraversijde (/wiki/Walraversijde) , near Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) In medieval times shoes could be up to two feet long, with their toes sometimes filled with hair, wool, moss, or grass. [27] (#cite_note-27) Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam. [28] (#cite_note-28) The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings (/wiki/Drawstring) to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images. [29] (#cite_note-29) Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside-out). [30] (#cite_note-Blair_John-30) The turn shoe method is still used for some dance (/wiki/Dance_shoe) and specialty shoes. By the 15th century, pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) became popular by both men and women in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) , [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) In the 15th century, the Crakow (/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)) was fashionable (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_fashion) in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) , the capital of Poland (/wiki/Poland) . The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone (/wiki/Baleen) tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking. [32] (#cite_note-polaine-32) Also during the 15th century, chopines (/wiki/Chopine) were created in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , and were usually 7–8 in (180–200 mm) high. These shoes became popular in Venice (/wiki/Venice) and throughout Europe, as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) revealing wealth and social standing. During the 16th century, royalty, such as Catherine de Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici) or Mary I of England (/wiki/Mary_I_of_England) , started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled". [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) In 17th century France, heels were exclusively worn by aristocrats. Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) outlawed anybody from wearing red high heels except for himself and his royal court. [33] (#cite_note-33) Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". [34] (#cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-34) Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. Industrial era Asia and Europe A shoemaker (/wiki/Shoemaker) in the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , from The Book of English Trades , 1821. Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) . Large warehouses (/wiki/Warehouse) began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area. Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass production (/wiki/Mass_production) , the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. The 19th century was when Chinese feminists called for an end to the use of foot straps, and a ban in 1902 was implemented. The ban was soon repealed until it was banned again in 1911 by the new Nationalist government. It was effective in coastal cities, but countryside cities continued without much regulation. Mao Zedong enforced the rule in 1949 and it continues throughout contemporary times. A number of people still have lotus feet today. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the Napoleonic Wars (/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars) by the engineer, Marc Brunel (/wiki/Marc_Brunel) . He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) . In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) With the support of the Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany) , the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by Richard Woodman (/wiki/Richard_Woodman_(martyr)) . Brunel's system was described by Sir Richard Phillips (/wiki/Sir_Richard_Phillips) as a visitor to his factory in Battersea (/wiki/Battersea) as follows: By the late 19th century, the shoemaking industry had migrated to the factory and was increasingly mechanized. Pictured, the bottoming room of the B. F. Spinney & Co. factory in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) , 1872. In another building I was shown his manufactory of shoes, which, like the other, is full of ingenuity, and, in regard to subdivision of labour, brings this fabric on a level with the oft-admired manufactory of pins. Every step in it is affected by the most elegant and precise machinery; while, as each operation is performed by one hand, so each shoe passes through twenty-five hands, who complete from the hide, as supplied by the currier, a hundred pairs of strong and well-finished shoes per day. All the details are performed by the ingenious application of the mechanic powers; and all the parts are characterised by precision, uniformity, and accuracy. As each man performs but one step in the process, which implies no knowledge of what is done by those who go before or follow him, so the persons employed are not shoemakers, but wounded soldiers, who are able to learn their respective duties in a few hours. The contract at which these shoes are delivered to Government is 6s. 6d. per pair, being at least 2s. less than what was paid previously for an unequal and cobbled article. [36] (#cite_note-36) However, when the war ended in 1815, manual labour (/wiki/Manual_labour) became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) Americas Similar exigencies at the time of the Crimean War (/wiki/Crimean_War) stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer lasting. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) A shoemaker in Leicester (/wiki/Leicester) , Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of steam-powered (/wiki/Steam-power) rolling-machines (/w/index.php?title=Rolling-machine&action=edit&redlink=1) for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in the mid-1850s. [37] (#cite_note-37) Advertisement in an 1896 issue of McClure's (/wiki/McClure%27s) for "The Regal". Attila, a former shoe factory from the 1910s in Tampere (/wiki/Tampere) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe-stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into a partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England (/wiki/New_England) . [38] (#cite_note-38) As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O'Sullivan of Lowell, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts) , was awarded a patent (/wiki/Patent) for a rubber heel for boots and shoes. [39] (#cite_note-39) Globalization A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes— AGO (/wiki/AGO_system) —was developed in 1910. Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill (/wiki/Landfill) . [40] (#cite_note-Clark_Brian-40) In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials (/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle_Design) , such as the Nike Considered. [41] (#cite_note-nike_considered-41) [42] (#cite_note-CSR-42) In 2007, the global shoe industry had an overall market of $ (/wiki/United_States_Dollar) 107.4 billion, in terms of revenue (/wiki/Revenue) , and is expected to grow to $122.9 billion by the end of 2012. Shoe manufacturers in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) account for 63% of production, 40.5% of global exports and 55% of industry revenue. However, many manufacturers in Europe (/wiki/Europe) dominate the higher-priced, higher value-added end of the market. [43] (#cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-43) Culture and folklore See also: Tradition of removing shoes in home (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_home) Haines Shoe House in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) Sports shoes in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Children's shoes at school in Ladakh (/wiki/Ladakh) As an integral part of human culture and civilization, shoes have found their way into our culture, folklore, and art. A popular 18th-century nursery rhyme (/wiki/Nursery_rhyme) is There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe (/wiki/There_was_an_Old_Woman_Who_Lived_in_a_Shoe) . This story tells about an old woman living in a shoe with a lot of children. In 1948, Mahlon Haines (/wiki/Mahlon_Haines) , a shoe salesman in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) , built an actual house shaped like a work boot (/wiki/Boot) as a form of advertisement. The Haines Shoe House (/wiki/Haines_Shoe_House) was rented to newlyweds and the elderly until his death in 1962. Since then, it has served as an ice cream (/wiki/Ice_cream) parlor, a bed and breakfast (/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast) , and a museum (/wiki/Museum) . It still stands today and is a popular roadside attraction. [44] (#cite_note-Lake_Matt-44) Shoes also play an important role in the fairy tales (/wiki/Fairy_tales) Cinderella (/wiki/Cinderella) and The Red Shoes (/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(fairy_tale)) . In the movie (/wiki/Motion_picture) adaption of the children's book (/wiki/Children%27s_literature) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) , a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy The Man with One Red Shoe (/wiki/The_Man_with_One_Red_Shoe) features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. One poem, written by Phebus Etienne with the title "Shoes", focuses on them. It describes religious messages and is 3 stanzas long. The first stanza is one line, whereas the second is 13 lines and the third being 14 lines. Throughout the poem the main character talks about their dead mother and their routine with her grave. Haitians are said to "not put shoes on the dead." as it makes spirits easier to "step over the offerings". [45] (#cite_note-45) Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. [46] (#cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-46) Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) . [47] (#cite_note-Czech-47) A Sneakerhead (/wiki/Sneakerhead) is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued global popularity of the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) line of sneakers designed by Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) for Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) star Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . In the Bible (/wiki/Bible) 's Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) , the shoe is used to symbolize something that is worthless or of little value. In the New Testament (/wiki/New_Testament) , the act of removing one's shoes symbolizes servitude. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples (/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples) regarded the act of removing their shoes as a mark of reverence when approaching a sacred person or place. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In the Book of Exodus (/wiki/Book_of_Exodus) , Moses (/wiki/Moses) was instructed to remove his shoes before approaching the burning bush: Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest [is] holy ground. [49] (#cite_note-49) Salt Crystal Shoes, art installation at the Dead Sea (/wiki/Dead_Sea) by Israeli (/wiki/Israel) artist Sigalit Landau (/wiki/Sigalit_Landau) The removal of the shoe also symbolizes the act of giving up a legal right. In Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) custom, if a man chose not to marry his childless brother's widow (/wiki/Levirate_marriage) , the widow removed her brother-in-law's shoe to symbolize that he had abandoned his duty. In Arab (/wiki/Arab_people) custom, the removal of one's shoe also symbolized the dissolution of marriage. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In Arab culture (/wiki/Arab_culture) , showing the sole of one's shoe is considered an insult, and to throw a shoe (/wiki/Shoe_tossing#Insult) and hit someone with it is considered an even greater insult. Shoes are considered to be dirty as they frequently touch the ground, and are associated with the lowest part of the body—the foot (/wiki/Foot) . As such, shoes are forbidden in mosques (/wiki/Mosque) , and it is also considered unmannerly to cross the legs and display the soles of one's shoes during conversation. This insult was demonstrated in Iraq, first when Saddam Hussein (/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) 's statue was toppled in 2003, Iraqis gathered around it and struck the statue with their shoes. [50] (#cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-50) In 2008, United States President George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) had a shoe thrown at him (/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoeing_incident) by a journalist as a statement against the war in Iraq. [51] (#cite_note-Asser_Martin-51) More generally, shoe-throwing (/wiki/Shoe-throwing) or shoeing, showing the sole of one's shoe or using shoes to insult (/wiki/Insult) are forms of protest in many parts of the world. Incidents where shoes were thrown at political figures have taken place in Australia, India, Ireland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most notably the Arab world (/wiki/Arab_world) . [52] (#cite_note-Tel-52) [53] (#cite_note-BBC-53) Empty shoes may also symbolize death. In Greek (/wiki/Greece) culture, empty shoes are the equivalent of the American funeral wreath. For example, empty shoes placed outside of a Greek home would tell others that the family's son has died in battle. [54] (#cite_note-Reeve_Andru-54) At an observation memorializing the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , 3,000 pairs of empty shoes were used to recognize those killed. [55] (#cite_note-Cohen_Sam-55) The Shoes on the Danube Bank (/wiki/Shoes_on_the_Danube_Bank) is a memorial in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) . Conceived by film director Can Togay (/wiki/Can_Togay) , he created it on the east bank of the Danube River (/wiki/Danube_River) with sculptor Gyula Pauer (/w/index.php?title=Gyula_Pauer&action=edit&redlink=1) to honor the Jews who were killed by fascist Arrow Cross (/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party) militiamen in Budapest during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . They were ordered to take off their shoes and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. The memorial represents their shoes left behind on the bank. Construction "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . "Shoe sole" redirects here. For the French pastry called shoe-soles, see palmier (/wiki/Palmier) . See also: Shoe insert (/wiki/Shoe_insert) The basic anatomy of a shoe is recognizable, regardless of the specific style of footwear. All shoes have a sole , which is the bottom of a shoe, in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern shoes have soles made from natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) , polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) , or polyvinyl chloride (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) (PVC) compounds. [56] (#cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-56) Soles can be simple—a single material in a single layer—or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of the insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last (/wiki/Last) during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with differences in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking). [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials. On some shoes, the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so-called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to improve traction. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The midsole is the layer in between the outsole and the insole, typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have additional material for shock absorption (/wiki/Shock_absorption) , usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The heel (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) is the bottom rear part of a shoe. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for more practical and comfortable use. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) On some shoes the inner forward point of the heel is chiselled off, a feature known as a "gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in the 1930s. [58] (#cite_note-58) A heel is the projection at the back of a shoe which rests below the heel bone (/wiki/Calcaneus) . The shoe heel is used to improve the balance of the shoe, increase the height of the wearer, alter posture or other decorative purposes. Sometimes raised, the high heel (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) is common to a form of shoe often worn by women, but sometimes by men too. See also stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) . The upper helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a welt (/wiki/Welt_(shoe)) . [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) Most uppers have a mechanism, such as laces, straps with buckles, zippers, elastic, velcro straps, buttons, or snaps, for tightening the upper on the foot. Uppers with laces usually have a tongue that helps seal the laced opening and protect the foot from abrasion by the laces. Uppers with laces also have eyelets or hooks to make it easier to tighten and loosen the laces and to prevent the lace from tearing through the upper material. An aglet (/wiki/Aglet) is the protective wrapping on the end of the lace. The vamp is the front part of the shoe, starting behind the toe, extending around the eyelets and tongue and towards back part of the shoe. The medial is the part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry, and the lateral is on the opposite side, away from their center of symmetry. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, Puma SE (/wiki/Puma_SE) introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly. [59] (#cite_note-Suddath_Claire-59) [60] (#cite_note-Frank_Robert-60) The toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) is the part that covers and protects the toes. People with toe deformities, or individuals who experience toe swelling (such as long-distance runners (/wiki/Long-distance_running) ) usually require a larger toe box. [61] (#cite_note-61) Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp. A shoemaker making turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) at the Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum (/wiki/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum) . English subtitles. Cutaway view of a typical shoe. Types This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoe&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, boots (/wiki/Boot) are typically designed for work or heavy outdoor use. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more formal (/wiki/Dress_shoe) occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a vast variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs. Clinicians evaluate patient's footwear as a part of their clinical examination. However, it is often based on each individual's needs, with attention to the choice of footwear worn and if the shoe is adequate for the purpose of completing their activities of daily living. [62] (#cite_note-62) Other animals, such as dogs (/wiki/Dog) and horses (/wiki/Horse) , may also wear special shoes to protect their feet as well. Depending on the activity for which they are designed, some types of footwear may fit into multiple categories. For example, Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boots) are considered boots, but may also be worn in more formal occasions and used as dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boots) incorporate many of the protective features of boots, but also provide the extra flexibility and comfort of many athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) . Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) are considered casual footwear, but have also been worn in formal occasions, such as visits to the White House (/wiki/White_House) . [63] (#cite_note-Ward_Julie-63) [64] (#cite_note-Lister_Richard-64) Athletic Main article: Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) A pair of athletic running shoes Bowling centers maintain bowling shoes for rental to patrons, to prevent damage to lane approaches. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoes) are designed for various sports activities, focusing on maximizing friction (/wiki/Friction) between the foot and the ground. These shoes often utilize materials like rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) to achieve this purpose. [65] (#cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-65) The earliest athletic shoes, dating to the mid-19th century, were track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) with metal cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)) for increased traction. Over time, athletic shoe design evolved, with companies like Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) contributing to the development of modern athletic shoes. Notable innovations include rubber-soled athletic shoes and the introduction of specialized shoes for different sports, such as basketball (/wiki/Basketball) and golf (/wiki/Golf) . More recently, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Their purpose is to allow one's feet and legs to feel more subtly the impacts and forces involved in running, allowing finer adjustments in running style. [66] (#cite_note-Dan_Winters-66) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) [67] (#cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-67) The earliest rubber-soled athletic shoes date back to 1876 in the United Kingdom, when the New Liverpool Rubber Company made plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsolls) , or sandshoes, designed for the sport of croquet (/wiki/Croquet) . Similar rubber-soled shoes were made in 1892 in the United States by Humphrey O'Sullivan, based on Charles Goodyear (/wiki/Charles_Goodyear) 's technology. The United States Rubber Company (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) was founded the same year and produced rubber-soled and heeled shoes under a variety of brand names, which were later consolidated in 1916 under the name, Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) . These shoes became known as, "sneakers", because the rubber sole allowed the wearer to sneak up on another person. In 1964, the founding of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) by Phil Knight (/wiki/Phil_Knight) and Bill Bowerman (/wiki/Bill_Bowerman) of the University of Oregon (/wiki/University_of_Oregon) introduced many new improvements common in modern running shoes, such as rubber waffle soles, breathable nylon (/wiki/Nylon) uppers, and cushioning in the mid-sole and heel. During the 1970s, the expertise of podiatrists (/wiki/Podiatrist) also became important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement for men and women. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) A pair of Converse All-Stars Shoes specific to the sport of basketball (/wiki/Basketball) were developed by Chuck Taylor (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_(salesman)) , and are popularly known as Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) . In 1969, Taylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame) in recognition of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe. [68] (#cite_note-Peterson_Hal-68) In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) , named after the then-rookie Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) basketball player, Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . The Air Jordan line of shoes sold $100 million in their first year. [69] (#cite_note-Papson_Goldman-69) As barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, many modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear that mimic this experience, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Some of these shoes include the Vibram FiveFingers (/wiki/Vibram_FiveFingers) , [70] (#cite_note-TrailSpace-70) Nike Free (/wiki/Nike_Free) , [71] (#cite_note-Cortese_Amy-71) and Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) 's Kinvara and Hattori. [72] (#cite_note-Saucony-72) [73] (#cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-73) Mexican huaraches (/wiki/Huarache_(running_shoe)) are also very simple running shoes, similar to the shoes worn by the Tarahumara (/wiki/Tarahumara) people of northern Mexico, who are known for their distance running abilities. [74] (#cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-74) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoes) are also very light and flexible shoes that are designed to mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Many athletic shoes are designed with specific features for specific activities. One of these includes roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) , which have metal or plastic wheels on the bottom specific for the sport of roller skating. Similarly, ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skates) have a metal blade attached to the bottom for locomotion across ice (/wiki/Ice) . Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoes) have also been designed to provide a comfortable, flexible and durable shoe for the sport of skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) . [75] (#cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-75) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) are rubber-soled, tight-fitting shoes designed to fit in the small cracks and crevices for rock climbing (/wiki/Rock_climbing) . Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) are similarly designed with rubber soles and a tight fit, but also are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal#Clipless_pedals) , as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. [76] (#cite_note-IPMBA-76) Some shoes are made specifically to improve a person's ability to weight train (/wiki/Weight_training) . [77] (#cite_note-77) Sneakers that are a mix between an activity-centered and a more standard design have also been produced: examples include roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) , which feature wheels that can be used to roll on hard ground, and Soap shoes (/wiki/Soap_(shoes)) , which feature a hard plastic sole that can be used for grinding (/wiki/Grind_(sport)) . Boot Main article: Boot (/wiki/Boot) A pair of steel-toed (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) safety boots Boots (/wiki/Boot) are a specialized type of footwear that covers the foot and extends up the leg. They serve both functional and fashion purposes, offering protection from elements like water, snow, and mud while also being a fashion statement. Cowboy boots, for instance, are known for their distinctive style and are popular among cowboys in the western United States (/wiki/Western_United_States) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) , on the other hand, are designed for comfort and support during long walks in rough terrains. Snow boots (/wiki/Snow_boot) are ideal for wet or snowy weather, providing warmth and protection against the elements. Additionally, boots are used in specialized activities like skiing, ice skating, and climbing due to their unique features tailored to these activities. [78] (#cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-78) [79] (#cite_note-Chand_Elise-79) [80] (#cite_note-Howe_Steve-80) [81] (#cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-81) Boots may also be attached to snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) to increase the distribution of weight over a larger surface area (/wiki/Surface_area) for walking in snow (/wiki/Snow) . Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boots) are a specialized snow boot which are used in alpine (/wiki/Alpine_skiing) or cross-country skiing (/wiki/Cross-country_skiing) and designed to provide a way to attach the skier to his/her skis (/wiki/Ski) using ski bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) . The ski/boot/binding combination is used to effectively transmit control inputs from the skier's legs to the snow. Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) are another specialized boot with a metal blade attached to the bottom which is used to propel the wearer across a sheet of ice (/wiki/Ice) . [82] (#cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-82) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) are similar to ice skates but with a set of three to four wheels in lieu of the blade, which are designed to mimic ice skating on solid surfaces such as wood or concrete. [83] (#cite_note-Olsen_Scott&Brennan-83) Boots are designed to withstand heavy wear to protect the wearer and provide good traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. They may be used for uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) of the police (/wiki/Police) or military (/wiki/Military) , as well as for protection in industrial settings such as mining (/wiki/Mining) and construction (/wiki/Construction) . Protective features may include steel-tipped toes (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) and soles or ankle (/wiki/Ankle) guards. [84] (#cite_note-Construction_Materials-84) Dress and casual Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) are characterized by their smooth leather uppers, leather soles, and sleek design, suitable for formal occasions. In contrast, casual shoes have sturdier leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and a wider profile for everyday wear. Some dress shoe designs are unisex, while others are specific to men or women. Men's This male dress shoe, known as a derby shoe (/wiki/Derby_shoe) , is distinguished by its open lacing. Men's dress shoes include styles like Oxfords, Derbies, Monk-straps, and Slip-ons, each with its unique characteristics in terms of lacing, decoration, and formality. Women's High heel sandals Women's shoes cover a wide range of styles, including high heels, mules, slingbacks, ballet flats, and court shoes, with high-heeled footwear being a popular choice for formal occasions. Unisex Clog (/wiki/Clog_(shoe)) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) : shoe with very thick soles and heels Sandals (/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)) : open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) : leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) : a dress or casual shoe without shoelaces or fasteners; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) , also known as "deck shoes": similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made of leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by Paul A. Sperry (/wiki/Paul_A._Sperry) . Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) : For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) . Dance Dancers use a variety of footwear depending on the style of dance and the surface they will be dancing on. Pointe shoes, for instance, are designed for ballet dancing, featuring a stiffened toe box and hardened sole to allow dancers to stand on the tips of their toes. Ballet shoes, on the other hand, are soft, pliable shoes made of canvas or leather, providing flexibility and comfort for ballet dancing. Other dance shoe types include jazz shoes, tango, and flamenco shoes, ballroom shoes, tap shoes, character shoes, and foot thongs, each designed to meet the specific needs of different dance styles. Pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoes) Jazz shoes (/wiki/Jazz_shoe) . This style is frequently worn by acro dancers (/wiki/Acro_dance) A foot thong , viewed from the bottom Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Ladies' ballroom shoes Men's ballroom shoes Tap shoes (/wiki/Tap_shoe) Kierpce (/w/index.php?title=Kierpce&action=edit&redlink=1) Children's shoe from the early 80s. Orthopedic See also: Diabetic shoe (/wiki/Diabetic_shoe) Orthopedic heavy duty black leather school uniform shoes Orthopedic shoes are specially designed to alleviate discomfort associated with various foot and ankle disorders, such as blisters (/wiki/Blister) , bunions, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. They are also used by individuals with diabetes, unequal leg length (/wiki/Unequal_leg_length) , or children with mobility issues. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) [87] (#cite_note-87) These shoes typically feature a low heel, wide toe box, and firm heel for added support. Some orthopedic shoes come with removable insoles or orthotics to provide extra arch support. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Measures and sizes Main article: Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) World's largest pair of shoes (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) , Riverbank Center (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) , Philippines—5.29 metres (17.4 ft) long and 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) wide, equivalent to a French shoe size of 75. Shoe sizes are indicated by a numerical value representing the length of the shoe, with different systems used globally. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, while the UK and American units are based on whole-number sizes spaced at one barleycorn (1/3 inch) with UK adult sizes starting at size 1 = 8 + 2 ⁄ 3 in (22.0 cm). In the US, this is size 2. Men's and women's shoe sizes often use different scales [ citation needed ] , and some systems are measured using a Brannock Device (/wiki/Brannock_Device) which considers the width and length size values of the feet. The Mondopoint system, introduced in the 1970s by International Standard ISO 2816:1973 "Fundamental characteristics of a system of shoe sizing to be known as Mondopoint" and ISO 3355:1975 "Shoe sizes – System of length grading (for use in the Mondopoint system)" includes measurements of both length and width of the foot. [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) Toddler-sized shoe. Accessories Various accessories are used to enhance the functionality and comfort of shoes. Crampons provide traction on icy terrain, foam taps adjust shoe fit, heel grips prevent slipping, and ice cleats enhance stability on slippery surfaces. Overshoes protect shoes from rain and snow, while shoe bags are used for storage. Shoe brushes and polishing cloths maintain shoe appearance, while shoe inserts offer additional comfort. Removal of shoes "Plzz REMOVE YOUR SHOES" sign at entrance to stupa (/wiki/Stupa) . Nubra (/wiki/Nubra) , India Main article: Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship) In many places in the world, shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes [90] (#cite_note-Kurzius_2023_p020-90) [91] (#cite_note-Nast_Spier_2020_y674-91) and religious buildings. [92] (#cite_note-Sood_2011_e867-92) In many Asian countries, outdoor shoes are exchanged for indoor shoes or slippers (/wiki/Slipper) . [93] (#cite_note-LaMotte_2023_u513-93) Fitness center (/wiki/Fitness_center) etiquette encourages the exchange of outdoor shoes for indoor shoes, both to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment and to ensure that participants are wearing the right shoes for their activities. [94] (#cite_note-C.P.T_2023_s056-94) See also Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) List of shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) Locomotor effects of shoes (/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes) Runner's toe (/wiki/Runner%27s_toe) , injury from malfitting shoes Shoe dryer (/wiki/Shoe_dryer) Shoe rack (/wiki/Shoe_rack) Shoe tossing (/wiki/Shoe_tossing) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Shoe fetish (/wiki/Shoe_fetish) References ^ a b c Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/mar/21/some-soles-last-1000-years-in-landfill-the-truth-about-the-sneaker-mountain) 'Some soles last 1,000 years in landfill': the truth about the sneaker mountain" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/mar/21/some-soles-last-1000-years-in-landfill-the-truth-about-the-sneaker-mountain) . The Guardian . Retrieved 2021-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Scottish Ten" (https://www.engineshed.org/about-us/the-scottish-ten/sites/antonine-wall-scotland/) . The Engine Shed . Centre for Digital Documentation and Visualisation LLP . Retrieved 14 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lady's Shoe, Bar Hill" (https://vimeo.com/140404027) . 2015-09-25 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Child's Shoe, Bar Hill" (https://vimeo.com/140054166) . 2015-09-22 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Connolly_Tom_5-0) Connolly, Tom. "The World's Oldest Shoes" (http://pages.uoregon.edu/connolly/FRsandals.htm) . University of Oregon (/wiki/University_of_Oregon) . 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Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2010PLoSO...510984P (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...510984P) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1371/journal.pone.0010984 (https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010984) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2882957 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882957) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 20543959 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20543959) . Reported in (among others) Belluck, Pam (9 June 2010). "This Shoe Had Prada Beat by 5,500 Years" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100611103130/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html) from the original on 11 June 2010 . 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Architectural Digest . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sood_2011_e867_92-0) Sood, Suemedha (June 17, 2011). "Religious tourism etiquette" (https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110616-travelwise-religious-tourism-etiquette) . BBC Home . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-LaMotte_2023_u513_93-0) LaMotte, Sandee (December 7, 2023). "The dirty truth about taking your shoes off at the door" (https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/07/health/remove-shoes-germs-wellness/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-C.P.T_2023_s056_94-0) C.P.T, Lee Boyce (2023-11-06). "Gym Etiquette Code of Conduct: 12 Rules for Every Lifter" (https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/gentlemans-guide-gym-etiquette#wear-indoor-shoes) . Men's Journal . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . Bibliography Bergstein, Rachelle (2012). Women from the Ankle Down: The Story of Shoes and How They Define Us (Hardback). New York: Harper Collins. pp. 284 pages (https://archive.org/details/womenfromankledo00berg/page/284) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-196961-4 . Doe, Tamasin (1998), Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8230-1148-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8) . Pattison, Angela, A Century of Shoes: Icons of Style in the 20th Century , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7858-0835-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3) . Swann, June. History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950 , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-7402-323-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3) . Further reading Design Museum. Fifty Shoes That Changed the World (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30656443-fifty-shoes-that-changed-the-world) . London: Conran Octopus, 2009. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84091-539-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6) . External links Shoes at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Shoe) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shoes) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikiversity Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) 's online exhibits on the history and variety of footwear: "All About Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164952/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) . Archived from the original (http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) on 2022-10-05. "Footwear History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060813085112/http://www.footwearhistory.com/) . Archived from the original (http://www.footwearhistory.com/) on 2006-08-13. "International Shoe Size Conversion Charts" (http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html) . , from i18nguy's website, offers more information. "Shoe Care" (https://archive.today/20121218002956/http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) on 2012-12-18. Illustrated "Glossary of Shoe Terms" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220319083936/https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) . Archived from the original (https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) on 2022-03-19. Map: "Medieval shoes in museums" (https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1M-CQxxbfVfh7GtlSsNhZa5MTteiI2Dbb&ll=38.964142178237196%2C2.784477716013839&z=2) . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical footwear Areni-1 shoes (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Cavalier boots (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels (/wiki/Spool_heel) Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) v t e Athletic shoe (/wiki/Sneakers) brands Companies and brands Footwear-only Alpina (/wiki/Alpina_%C5%BDiri) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Gola (/wiki/Gola_(manufacturer)) Karhu (/wiki/Karhu_(sports_brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) Pro-Keds (/wiki/Pro-Keds) Spira (/wiki/Spira_(footwear_company)) Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) Xero Shoes (/wiki/Xero_Shoes) 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) Footwear and apparel Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Airwalk (/wiki/Airwalk) Allbirds (/wiki/Allbirds) Altra (/wiki/Altra_Running) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(sports_manufacturer)) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) Avia (/wiki/Avia_(shoes)) Bata (/wiki/Bata_Corporation) British Knights 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(/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) 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(/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods) Wolverine (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) XBlades (/wiki/XBlades) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Yonex (/wiki/Yonex) Zoo York (/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)) Types Biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Cross country (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Minimalist (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Skate (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) 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American illustrator (1905–1986) Ruth Sigrid Grafstrom Born ( 1905-04-26 ) April 26, 1905 Rock Island, Illinois, US Died September 7, 1986 (1986-09-07) (aged 81) Resting place Saint Augustine, Florida, US Known for Illustration (/wiki/Illustration) Movement Fashion Illustration Ruth Sigrid Grafstrom (1905–1986) was an American illustrator, producing significant work in fashion illustration (/wiki/Fashion_illustration) during the 1930s and 1940s. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Early life [ edit ] Grafstrom was born on April 26, 1905, in Rock Island, Illinois (/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her father, Olaf Grafstrom was a painter from Sweden who immigrated to Seattle. His work influenced Northwest realist painters and at one time he chaired the art department at Augustana College (/wiki/Augustana_College_(Illinois)) . Ruth's mother was also an artist, focusing on ceramics. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Grafstrom attended school in Chicago and Paris and after graduating, worked in fashion illustration. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Artistic career [ edit ] She created illustrations for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine, including some covers. Grafstrom also contributed illustrations to the Delineator (/wiki/The_Delineator) , Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , and other women's magazines. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her illustrations featured real, approachable women. She drew "'real' women...[who] inhabit 'real' space." [2] (#cite_note-2) Her illustrations sometimes included fabric collage, to give the image texture. [3] (#cite_note-3) Later life and death [ edit ] Grafstrom died on September 7, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Saint Augustine, Florida References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dowd, D.B. (May 22, 2016). "Ruth Sigrid Grafstrom" (http://www.dbdowd.com/illustration-history/?tag=Ruth+Sigrid+Grafstrom) . D.B. Dowd: Drawing the Social Landscape: Writings on Visual Culture . Retrieved March 28, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Torre, Rosemary (2011). 20th-century fashion illustration : the feminine ideal . Mineola, NY: Dover. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Blackman, Cally (2007). 100 Years of Fashion Illustration . London, England: Laurence King Publishing. External links [ edit ] American Art Archives: Ruth Sigrid Grafstrom (1905 - 1986) (http://www.americanartarchives.com/grafstrom.htm) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐vq7s8 Cached time: 20240623112612 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.331 seconds Real time usage: 0.446 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1927/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10493/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1391/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13464/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.236/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5280005/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 406.422 1 -total 41.96% 170.520 1 Template:Infobox_artist 29.98% 121.839 1 Template:Reflist 23.48% 95.440 1 Template:Cite_web 20.91% 84.979 1 Template:Short_description 11.48% 46.647 17 Template:Main_other 10.63% 43.196 2 Template:Pagetype 6.98% 28.356 1 Template:SDcat 6.80% 27.633 1 Template:Birth_date 5.86% 23.813 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53624564-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623112612 and revision id 1191209364. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Sigrid_Grafstrom&oldid=1191209364 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Sigrid_Grafstrom&oldid=1191209364) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 20th-century American illustrators (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_illustrators) 20th-century American women artists (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_artists) 1905 births (/wiki/Category:1905_births) 1986 deaths (/wiki/Category:1986_deaths) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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American costume designer (1901–1971) Mark Mooring (1901–1971) was an American fashion and costume designer. Mark Mooring, 1947 He grew up in Texas and graduated from Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) , New York, in 1923. [1] (#cite_note-arch-1) After this, he designed costumes for Broadway theatre (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) productions including Song of the Flames (/w/index.php?title=Song_of_the_Flames&action=edit&redlink=1) (1925) and Dearest Enemy (/wiki/Dearest_Enemy) (1926). [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) Between 1933 and 1948, Mooring was a designer for the custom department of Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) . [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) While there he worked alongside Leslie Morris (/wiki/Leslie_Morris_(designer)) and Mary Gleason, and the three of them became known as a strong design team and the store's best known designers. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) For his work at Bergdorf's, Mooring was awarded a Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) in 1947 alongside Jacob H. Horwitz (/wiki/Jacob_H._Horwitz) , Nettie Rosenstein (/wiki/Nettie_Rosenstein) and Adele Simpson (/wiki/Adele_Simpson) . The awards that year were awarded to representatives of the four main branches of the American fashion industry, with Mooring representing bespoke high-end design while the others represented high end wholesale (Rosenstein), mid-priced wholesale (Simpson) and junior fashion (Horwitz). [6] (#cite_note-lois-6) Women dressed by Mooring included Ina Claire (/wiki/Ina_Claire) and Margaret Leighton (/wiki/Margaret_Leighton) . [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) After working for Elizabeth Arden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden) and other Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) establishments, he would return to Bergdorf's in 1960. [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) In 1962 Mooring moved to Hollywood, where he worked with a designer called Marusia until his death, aged 71, on January 5, 1971, following a stroke. [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) Garments designed by him are preserved in the Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) holds a collection of sketches and drawings, [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) as well as archives covering the years 1923 to 1959. [1] (#cite_note-arch-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Mark Mooring collection, 1923-1959" (https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/82121846) . researchworks.oclc.org . Retrieved 11 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "MARK MOORING, 71, FASHION DESIGNER" (https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/13/archives/markmooring-i-fashion-designer-exaide-at-bergdors-dies-won-critics.html) . The New York Times . 13 January 1971 . Retrieved 11 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Crawford, Morris De Camp (1941). The Ways of Fashion . G.P. Putnam. p. 239. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pope, Virginia (7 March 1946). "Suave Charm Seen in New Fashions" (https://www.nytimes.com/1946/03/07/archives/suave-charm-seen-in-new-fashions-suave-lines-tell-the-spring-style.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pope, Virginia (6 September 1946). "Simple Elegance Marks Style Show" (https://www.nytimes.com/1946/09/06/archives/simple-elegance-marks-style-show-a-long-suit-for-dining-after-dark.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-lois_6-0) Fegan, Lois (2 October 1947). "Dress Parade" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2752650/harrisburg_telegraph/) . The Harrisburg Telegraph . Retrieved 6 June 2022 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Evening dress, 1938" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/158084) . www.metmuseum.org . Metropolitan Museum . Retrieved 11 June 2022 . v t e Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) Parent Broadway-Hale Stores (/wiki/Broadway_Stores) (1972–1987) Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) (since 1987) Key people Current Linda Fargo (/wiki/Linda_Fargo) Betty Halbreich (/wiki/Betty_Halbreich) David Hoey (/wiki/David_Hoey_(window_dresser)) Katia Kuethe (/wiki/Katia_Kuethe) Former Executives Michael Bastian (/wiki/Michael_Bastian) Mitchell B. Fox (/wiki/Mitchell_B._Fox) Nena Goodman (/wiki/Nena_Goodman) Michael Gross (/wiki/Michael_Gross_(American_writer)) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Dawn Mello (/wiki/Dawn_Mello) Ira Neimark (/wiki/Ira_Neimark) Bernard Newman (/wiki/Bernard_Newman_(designer)) Burton Tansky (/wiki/Burton_Tansky) Buyers Robert Duffy (/wiki/Robert_Duffy_(businessman)) Fran Horowitz (/wiki/Fran_Horowitz) Soon-Yi Previn (/wiki/Soon-Yi_Previn) Models Celia Ammerman (/wiki/Celia_Ammerman) Luciana Curtis (/wiki/Luciana_Curtis) Ingūna Butāne (/wiki/Ing%C5%ABna_But%C4%81ne) Kate Dillon Levin (/wiki/Kate_Dillon_Levin) Tiiu Kuik (/wiki/Tiiu_Kuik) Michela Maggioni (/wiki/Michela_Maggioni) Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) Keto Mikeladze (/wiki/Keto_Mikeladze) Jean Patchett (/wiki/Jean_Patchett) Kelly Piquet (/wiki/Kelly_Piquet) Katya Shchekina (/wiki/Katya_Shchekina) Ali Stephens (/wiki/Ali_Stephens) Liu Wen (/wiki/Liu_Wen_(model)) Inna Zobova (/wiki/Inna_Zobova) Hairstylists Julien Farel (/wiki/Julien_Farel) Ara Gallant (/wiki/Ara_Gallant) Designers Charles Creed (/wiki/Charles_Creed) Mark Mooring Leslie Morris (/wiki/Leslie_Morris_(designer)) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Bernard Newman (/wiki/Bernard_Newman_(designer)) Emeric Partos (/wiki/Emeric_Partos) Maria Pavlovna (/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Pavlovna_of_Russia_(1890%E2%80%931958)) Others Susan Cianciolo (/wiki/Susan_Cianciolo) Cher Coulter (/wiki/Cher_Coulter) R. Couri Hay (/wiki/R._Couri_Hay) Robert Isabell (/wiki/Robert_Isabell) Peter D. Gerakaris (/wiki/Peter_D._Gerakaris) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Emile Norman (/wiki/Emile_Norman) Gregg Renfrew (/wiki/Gregg_Renfrew) Donald Robertson (/wiki/Donald_Robertson_(artist)) Emad Salem (/wiki/Emad_Salem) Benjamin Sonnenberg (/wiki/Benjamin_Sonnenberg) George Stavrinos (/wiki/George_Stavrinos) Ellen Stewart (/wiki/Ellen_Stewart) Shawn Stewart Ruff (/wiki/Shawn_Stewart_Ruff) Maya Tiwari (/wiki/Maya_Tiwari) Neecy Twinem (/wiki/Neecy_Twinem) Andrew W.K. (/wiki/Andrew_W.K.) Nick Wooster (/wiki/Nick_Wooster) Tenants (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman_Building) Assouline Publishing (/wiki/Assouline_Publishing) John Barrett (/wiki/John_Barrett_(salon)) Media Bergdorf Blondes (/wiki/Bergdorf_Blondes) Dita and the Family Business (/wiki/Dita_and_the_Family_Business) Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's (/wiki/Scatter_My_Ashes_at_Bergdorf%27s) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐kmkcw Cached time: 20240713093124 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.297 seconds Real time usage: 0.394 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 661/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39759/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 531/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34782/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4193846/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 325.248 1 -total 49.14% 159.818 1 Template:Reflist 35.77% 116.335 2 Template:Cite_web 28.01% 91.093 3 Template:Navbox 27.40% 89.121 1 Template:Bergdorf_Goodman 21.54% 70.053 1 Template:Short_description 12.42% 40.409 2 Template:Pagetype 5.64% 18.347 4 Template:Cite_news 5.55% 18.052 3 Template:Main_other 4.85% 15.768 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70986492-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713093124 and revision id 1175868017. 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Form of headdress worn by ancient Egyptians Canopic Jar (07.226.1) with a Lid in the Shape of a Royal Woman's Head (30.8.54); ca.1349–1336 B.C. or shortly thereafter; Travertine (Egyptian alabaster), blue glass, obsidian, unidentified stone; Lid (30.8.54): H. 18.2 cm (7 3/16 in); diam. 16.6 cm (6 9/16 in); The Metropolitan Museum of Art In Ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) society, hair was an embodiment of identity. It could carry religious and erotic significance and portray information about gender, age, and social status. [1] (#cite_note-1) During the New Kingdom (/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt) , more elaborate hairstyles for men and women, incorporating curls and plaits, began to be favored over the traditional, simple hairstyles of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Nubian wigs , which Ancient Egyptians grew fond of during the Amarna period (/wiki/Amarna_Period) , were meant to mimic the short curly hair that Nubian tribespeople wore. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Egyptologists believe that the Nubian wig was adopted by Queen Nefertiti (/wiki/Nefertiti) after witnessing the hairstyle being worn by Nubians (/wiki/Nubians) in the Pharaoh's army. [5] (#cite_note-5) Though there has been a discussion on what qualifies as a Nubian wig, some arguing layered wigs known as "duplex" styles that include curls and plaits may also be Nubian wigs. Still, many refer to this as a Nubian style and not a Nubian wig. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) In general, wigs in Ancient Egypt were almost entirely confined to the elite due to their price. Even when wigs were made of inexpensive materials like plant fibers, the sophisticated craftsmanship required to make wigs proved costly. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Iconography [ edit ] Artist's sketch: Walk in the Garden; limestone; New Kingdom, 18th dynasty, c. 1335 BC. Egyptian Museum Berlin, Inv. no. 15000 (donated by James Simon in 1920). One can see Nubian wigs in the form of reliefs, statues, and paintings. They are a prime factor in determining the gender of figures in Ancient Egyptian art, as royal women exclusively wear them. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) It is characterized by its short bushy appearance with rows of curls that frame the brow and sides of the face. The feature that requires the most attention is located on the neck. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) In Nubian wigs, the hair is cut to expose the nape of the neck, which distinguishes it from a similar headdress where the nape of the neck is not exposed, and the hair falls towards the shoulders. Royal men exclusively wear this alternative style and can be seen in the left image titled Walk in the Garden. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Techniques and composition [ edit ] Wigs were composed of various materials such as human hair, wool, plant fibers, and horsehair. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) The most expensive wigs were made of human hair or black sheep wool, or both. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) In addition to the hair, false or human, Ancient Egyptians used beeswax and resin to hold the style in place on a mesh cap. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) One wig specifically, titled wig by The British Museum, has been studied extensively. Efforts to study other wigs are scarce due to the fragile nature or incompleteness of the wigs after thousands of years. Though this wig is the "duplex" style that men wore and is referenced above, its condition gives historians insight into how Ancient Egyptians created wigs. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) To begin the process of making a wig, a wigmaker must have first collected hair. After a wigmaker collected enough hair, the hair was washed and separated into individual locks with about 400 strands per lock. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Construction could then begin on a wooden wig mount very similar to what modern wigmakers would use. The wig achieved the mesh base by laying hair down vertically and horizontally across each other. The base layer was kept in place by knotting and folding the hair back over itself and then was further reinforced by a mixture of two-thirds beeswax and one-third conifer resin. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) To hook curls to the mesh layer, the curl was looped around the mesh and then fastened by fifteen individual hairs, called a "sub-strand" that was tired around the stem of the curl. Wigs could take up to 200 hours to complete and could take even longer if plaits were styled on the wooden wig mount, as they probably were in ancient times. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Examples of work featuring Nubian wigs [ edit ] Relief depicting the queen, Nefertiti (E.GA.4530.1943); ca.1352-1336 B.C.; Limestone, Painted; The Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge Late Image of Nefertiti (35.1999); Sandstone, pigment; ca.1352-1336 B.C.; 11 9/16 x 3 15/16 x 17 1/8 in. (29.3 x 10 x 43.5 cm); Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the Egypt Exploration Society Relief Depicting the Purification of Queen Kiya (?) (1985.328.8); Limestone, paint; ca. 1353–1336 B.C.; H. 22.8 × l. 47 × d. 2.5 cm (9 × 18 1/2 × 1 in.); Metropolitan Museum References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Robins, Gay (1999). "Hair and the Construction of Identity in Ancient Egypt, c. 1480-1350 B.C." (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000202) Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt . 36 : 55–69. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/40000202 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40000202) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0065-9991 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0065-9991) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40000202 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000202) . ^ a b c d Sherrow, Victoria (31 March 2021). Encyclopedia of hair : a cultural history . Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4408-7348-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1242794418 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1242794418) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Watterson, Barbara (2013). Women in ancient Egypt . Amberley. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4456-1020-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 857656435 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857656435) . ^ a b Samson, Julia (August 1973). "Amarna Crowns and Wigs: Unpublished Pieces from Statues and Inlays in the Petrie Collection at University College, London" (https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3856096) . The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology . 59 : 47–59. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3856096 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3856096) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-5133 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-5133) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3856096 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3856096) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Brooklyn Museum" (https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3375) . www.brooklynmuseum.org . Retrieved 2021-05-07 . ^ a b c d Fletcher, Joann; Salamone, Filippo (2016). "An Ancient Egyptian Wig: Construction and Reconstruction" (https://doi.org/10.11141%2Fia.42.6.3) . Internet Archaeology (42). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.11141/ia.42.6.3 (https://doi.org/10.11141%2Fia.42.6.3) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1363-5387 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1363-5387) . ^ a b c Aldred, Cyril (February 1957). "Hair Styles and History" (https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3257776) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin . 15 (6): 141–147. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3257776 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3257776) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0026-1521 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-1521) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3257776 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3257776) . ^ a b Cox, J. Stevens (1977). "The Construction of an Ancient Egyptian Wig (c. 1400 B.C.) in the British Museum" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3856302) . The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology . 63 : 67–70. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3856302 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3856302) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-5133 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-5133) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3856302 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3856302) . 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Argentine artist (born 1943) Dalila Puzzovio Dalila Puzzovio (ca. 1965) Born 1943 (age 80–81) Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) Occupation(s) Visual artist (/wiki/Visual_artist) Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Years active 1961– present Dalila Puzzovio (born 1 January 1943) is an Argentine visual artist and fashion designer active during the 1960s. Puzzovio works in the art forms of pop (/wiki/Pop_art) , happening (/wiki/Happening) , and conceptual art (/wiki/Conceptual_art) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Her artistic creativity is credited by Graciela Melgarejo as having paved the way for subsequent Argentine artists and greatly influenced the work they produced. [3] (#cite_note-3) "The day we went to the Di Tella award ceremony, I got out of the taxi wearing platform shoes, a satin miniskirt, and a monkey-fur jacket, and two policemen didn't know whether to grab me or what; they looked at me with such fear that they let me pass by, they just weren't up for it." [4] (#cite_note-Podalsky2004-4) Biography [ edit ] With the encouragement of her parents, Puzzovio's career was able to develop at the early age of 12. Although there is no documentation of formal education, her artistic vocation developed under the mentorship of two artists: surrealist Juan Batlle Planas (/wiki/Juan_Batlle_Planas) and conceptual artist Jaime Davidovich (/wiki/Jaime_Davidovich) . She studied under their wing up until 1961, when she exhibited her paintings for the first time in Galeria Lirolay in her hometown of Buenos Aires. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Two years later, she showcased her second exhibition, Cascaras , which she developed and French artist Germaine Derbecq curated. In 1964, she was in a selected group of around 30 artists to participate in the New Art of Argentina, or " New Art of Argentina", held by the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis in conjunction with the Instituto Torcuato Di Tella (/wiki/Torcuato_di_Tella_Institute) in Buenos Aires. [5] (#cite_note-5) Like many pop artists of the time, such as Delia Cancela (/wiki/Delia_Cancela) and Eduardo Costa, Puzzovio blended her interest in art with fashion. Her work in this category led to the creation of Dalila Doble Plataforma (Dalila Double Platform) . Until 1985, she focused on developing herself as a fashion designer by making costumes for film and theater and working directly in the fashion industry. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Since the 1980s, Puzzovio has experimented with an array of artistic categories. During the 1980s and 1990s, her artistic advice was used to create several interior and architectural designs. Until the beginning of the 1990s, she also contributed to popular magazines such as Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , where she completed tasks as a writer, editor, and illustrator. From 1998 to present day, her artwork primarily consists of digital photographic collages, among the most notable is her work Hibridos (Hybrids) . [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) She currently works and resides in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Artworks [ edit ] Collaborative works [ edit ] Dalila Puzzovio in 1962 with her piece La Novia Abandonada In 1963, she worked alongside Germaine Derbecq to create her second exhibition Cascaras (Shells) . These "cascaras astrales", or astral shells, resembled empty bodies and were made of discarded orthopedic casts and other objects. According to the artist, these sculptures held the vibrations of the body it once held . [8] (#cite_note-8) Continuing with the use of casts as her primary medium, Puzzovio created Coronas para los habitantes no humanos from 1964 to 1998. This work, as described by Eduardo Squirru is illustrative of mortality and death; the color white representing the frailty of the human bone and the black representing the soul's darkness. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) In the 1960s, there was a surge of pop artists in Argentina, among them Puzzovio, Edgardo Gimenez, and Puzzovios' husband Carlos "Charlie" Squirru, whom she had met in 1962. During 1965, this artistic trio worked together on the design for a poster panel located on the corner of Viamonte and Florida Streets [10] (#cite_note-10) in Buenos Aires that read "¿Por qué son tan geniales?". The panel was constructed by painters from Meca publicity agency and posed the question "Why are we such geniuses" in bold, black letters. [11] (#cite_note-11) Under the question was the name of the three artists as well as a large portrait of the three artists holding items that defined their artwork: Puzzovio held empty orthopedic casts, Gimenez held industrial materials, and Squirru held a blood transfusion bag. [12] (#cite_note-12) The billboard was meant to resemble a movie advertisement and was overlooked by Argentine passersby and commuters. [13] (#cite_note-13) Inés Katzenstein wrote that it was in this self-deprecating manner that the artists publicly acknowledged the commentary of their judges and spread awareness on their names and artwork to the general public. [14] (#cite_note-14) Individual projects [ edit ] From 1966 to 1967, Puzzovio created Autoretrato, which was a form of self portraiture that was made by artisan film painters on a 223 x 365.5 x 100 canvas. [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) The painting illustrated the tanned body of an international model Verushka (/wiki/Veruschka_von_Lehndorff) , who laid on the sand with a bikini embedded with rich jewels. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) The face of the model, however, was replaced with that of Dalila Puzzovio, who happened to resemble the model. [15] (#cite_note-:1-15) According to Maria Jose Herrera, rather than revealing an accurate representation of Puzzovio's physical appearance, this ideal self portrait illustrates an identity that the artist relates to; in this case, the artist identifies with the sexual body of a woman that complies with fashion standards. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) It was this painting that granted Puzzovio her first Premio Nacional Di Tella, an artistic award given in Argentina. Dalila Puzzovio. Doble Plataforma, 1967. By 1967, Puzzovio had created Dalila doble Plataforma [16] (#cite_note-16) ; in this fusion of art and fashion, she created a total of 40 women's platform shoes. [17] (#cite_note-17) Puzzovio aimed to analyze how women became empowered through wearable accessories that added vibrancy and height to their physique; she predicted that women would not only feel empowered but would be able to transcend from the 1960s all the way to the 2000s. [18] (#cite_note-:4-18) The platform shoes were evenly spread out in a glass display made up of distinct cubicles, each containing a lonesome pair. At first, their exhibition was exclusive to art galleries, such as the Centro de Arte Visuales del Instituto Di Tella, but they were eventually put on display behind the shopping windows of traditional shoe stores such as Grimoldi. [15] (#cite_note-:1-15) Puzzovio reduplicated this object and offered it to these shoe stores for commercial use, ultimately producing a massive artwork [19] (#cite_note-19) that extended from the Di Tella to the commercial streets of Argentina. The following year, her artwork was honored through the Premio Nacional de Di Tella, which would make her a second-time winner of such award. [18] (#cite_note-:4-18) She additionally used this artwork as the basis of El Deslumbre, an installation and performance that was showcased at arteBA, Buenos Aires' annual contemporary art fair, in 2011. This exhibition recreated the environment and atmosphere of shoe stores that originally carried her "arty-shoes". The general public that visited contributed to the mobilization of the artwork by trying on pairs of shoes and modeling them in a catwalk that was installed specifically for the event. [20] (#cite_note-20) Collections [ edit ] Her work is currently conserved by both private and public collectors, among those are the Centro de Arte Visuales del Instituto Di Tella in Buenos Aires and the Museo de Arte Moderna de Buenos Aires. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Costumes for film and theater [ edit ] 1966 - Wardrobe for the concert "Help Valentino", with Antonio Gasalla and Carlos Perciavalle 1968 - Costumes for Mrs. Libertad Leblanc for the film "Psexoanalisis" directed by Héctor Olivera 1969 - Costumes for Mrs. Malvina Pastorino, "Pepsi", Comic Theater, Buenos Aires 1971 - Costumes and set design for Miguel A.'s musical comedy Rondano "La Vera Historia de Salomé", General San Martín Theater, Buenos Aires 1975 - Costume for the musical comedy performed by Tato Bores "Hello Tato", Teatro Estrellas, Buenos Aires 1977-78 - Costumes for the television show "Con sabor a Pinky", Buenos Aires 1981 - Costumes for the María Creuza show, Hotel Bauen, Buenos Aires [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Barnitz, Jacqueline. "5 Women Artists." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 9.14 (1975): 38-41. ^ Jump up to: a b c Fajardo-Hill, C., Giunta, A., Alonso, R., Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center,, Brooklyn Museum,, & Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA (Project). (2017). Radical women: Latin American art, 1960-1985 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Melgarejo, Graciela. "Dalila Puzzovio: La retrospectiva de toda una vida dedicada al arte-Noticias Positivas." Noticias Positivas, November 4, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-Podalsky2004_4-0) Podalsky, Laura (2004). Specular City: Transforming Culture, Consumption, and Space in Buenos Aires, 1955-1973 . Temple University Press. pp. 142–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-56639-948-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Walker Art Center, and Instituto Torcuato Di Tella. "New Art of Argentina: an Exhibition Organized By: Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, And the Visual Arts Center, Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires". Buenos Aires, 1964. ^ Jump up to: a b c "DALILA BIOGRAFIA" (http://www.dalilapuzzovio.com/dalila-biografia.html) . www.dalilapuzzovio.com . Retrieved 10 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pinta, María Fernanda. "Pop! La puesta en escena de nuestro ‘folklore urbano.’." Caiana: Revista de Historia del Arte y Cultural Visual del Centro Argentino de Investigadores de Arte 4 (2014): 1-15. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Herrera, Maria Jose. Pop! La consagracion de la primavera (p.7). Buenos Aires: Fundacion OSDE, 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b c Herrera, Maria Jose. Pop! La consagracion de la primavera (pp. 25-26). Buenos Aires: Fundacion OSDE, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Herrera, Maria Jose. Pop! La consagracion de la primavera (p.5). Buenos Aires: Fundacion OSDE, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wabnik, Marina Alejandra. "Identidad Gráfica Argentina." Creación y Producción en Diseño y Comunicación (2011): 35. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Mazadiego, Elize M. Dematerialization in the Argentine Context: Experiments in the Avant-garde in the 1960s . Diss. UC San Diego, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Catherine Spencer, ‘Performing Pop: Marta Minujín and the ‘Argentine Image-Makers’’, in Tate Papers , no.24, Autumn 2015, https://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/24/performing-pop-marta-minujin-and-the-argentine-image-makers (https://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/24/performing-pop-marta-minujin-and-the-argentine-image-makers) , accessed 10 March 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Katzenstein, Inés (2004). Listen, Here, Now!: Argentine Art of the 1960s : Writings of the Avant-garde . The Museum of Modern Art. pp. 184-185. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87070-366-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87070-366-9) . ^ Jump up to: a b Cavanaugh, Cecilia. Dalila Puzzovio: Journey . Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Universidad Catolica Argentina, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Aiello, Rosa. Dalila Puzzovio: La parusia . Buenos Aires: Fondo Nacional de las Artes, 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Pinto, Felisa. "Fusion arte y moda." Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseno y Comunicacion: Ensayos 14 (June 2013): 17-25. ^ Jump up to: a b LA PLATAFORMA, INFITA DE, and DALILA PUZZOVIO. "TRABAJO PRÁCTICO FINAL." ^ (#cite_ref-19) Chaves, N. et al.(1999). Diseño y comunicación. Teorías y enfoques críticos, Ed. Paidós, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ^ (#cite_ref-20) “Proyecto Dalila Puzzovio / PATIO BULLRICH.” ArteBA , www.arteba.org/web/?p=3040. External links [ edit ] External videos " (http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxUshuaia-Dalila-Puzzovio-En) en busca de la inspiración " (http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxUshuaia-Dalila-Puzzovio-En) , TED Talks (/wiki/TED_Talks) Media related to Dalila Puzzovio at Wikimedia Commons Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20140203063950/http://www.dalilapuzzovio.com.ar/) (in Spanish) ¿Por qué son tan geniales? ad campaign (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202203813/http://arteargentino.educ.ar/node/40.html) (in Spanish) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000417010707) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/305041493) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJq6VDyptJDt3hbXVhhj4q) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013077882) Artists ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500332059) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐q8jf7 Cached time: 20240719212355 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.524 seconds Real time usage: 1.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3039/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18682/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2871/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28654/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.330/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15500535/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 722.513 1 -total 19.14% 138.306 1 Template:Infobox_person 17.31% 125.057 1 Template:Reflist 15.67% 113.205 1 Template:Commons_category_inline 15.21% 109.863 1 Template:Sister-inline 15.09% 109.043 2 Template:In_lang 12.34% 89.161 1 Template:Authority_control 11.60% 83.812 1 Template:Cite_book 11.27% 81.451 1 Template:Short_description 6.15% 44.447 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59613337-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719212355 and revision id 1227429324. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Models from Uganda (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Models_from_Uganda) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Uganda portal (/wiki/Portal:Uganda) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐p892x Cached time: 20240721043556 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.088 seconds Real time usage: 0.159 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 146/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4043/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 347/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.054/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1235857/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 144.535 1 -total 78.78% 113.859 1 Template:Commons_category 77.12% 111.460 1 Template:Sister_project 75.28% 108.805 1 Template:Side_box 21.13% 30.540 1 Template:Portal 3.98% 5.757 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35073981-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721043556 and revision id 833960455. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + Ugandan female models (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_female_models) (5 P) Ugandan male models (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_male_models) (3 P) Pages in category "Ugandan models" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Camila Barungi (/wiki/Camila_Barungi) H Judith Heard (/wiki/Judith_Heard) J Joram Muzira (/wiki/Joram_Muzira) Joy Lehai Kanyarutokye (/wiki/Joy_Lehai_Kanyarutokye) N Sylvia Namutebi (/wiki/Sylvia_Namutebi) P Cathy Patra (/wiki/Cathy_Patra) R Rosemary Salmon (/wiki/Rosemary_Salmon) T Bettinah Tianah (/wiki/Bettinah_Tianah) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugandan_models&oldid=833960455 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugandan_models&oldid=833960455) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) Ugandan people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_people_by_occupation) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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The people of Jammu (/wiki/Jammu) have the following traditional clothing: Ghagra choli [ edit ] It is traditional for women to wear ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) and the scarf ensemble which was also popular in the Punjab (/wiki/Punjab) . [1] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-1) It is still traditional for women to wear the kurta with a lehnga, [2] (#cite_note-2) < as an alternative to the suthan (/w/index.php?title=Suthan&action=edit&redlink=1) and kurta (/wiki/Kurta) . Peshwaj [ edit ] The traditional ghagra choli was then replaced by the peshwaj (/wiki/Peshwaj) for women which flows to the ankles which would sometimes be worn with a suthan (very loose pants with many folds). [3] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-3) The men would wear the Jamma (Mughal style shirt) with the suthan. Suthan and kurta [ edit ] Men and boys wearing a variation of the suthan and Dogri kurta The traditional dress for men and women is to wear the suthan and kurta but the styles are gender-specific. Dogri suthan [ edit ] The traditional Dogri suthan is wide at the top, roomy at the legs and has numerous pleats at the ankles. [4] (#cite_note-4) Modern suthan [ edit ] Men of the Indian Army (/wiki/British_Indian_Army) in Punjabi churidar suthans (1895 Punjab Hills) [5] (#cite_note-5) However, the modern style of suthan worn in Jammu is a remnant of the tight suthan which was once popular throughout the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) . It is very loose at the top but is very tight from the knees to the ankles. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) However, the style is now more popular in Jammu [9] (#cite_note-9) and Himachal Pradesh (/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh) [10] (#cite_note-10) as the tight suthan is useful in the hills. [11] (#cite_note-11) When worn by men, the drawers are called ghuttana and when worn by women, the suthan (in a variety of colours). [12] (#cite_note-12) When the tight part of the suthan, up to the knees, has multiple close fitting folds, the suthan is referred to as Dogri pants [13] (#cite_note-13) or Dogri suthan, [14] (#cite_note-14) in Jammu (/wiki/Jammu_Division) and churidar suthan in Himachal Pradesh (/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh) . It is also worn in the hilly area of the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) . [15] (#cite_note-15) In Jammu (/wiki/Jammu_Division) , members of all communities wear the suthan. [16] (#cite_note-16) The traditional Dogri kurta (/wiki/Kurta) for men is open at the front and flares out from the waist to the knees. The kurta for women tends to be long and cut straight, a style adopted from neighbouring Punjab, [1] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-1) as local culture shares an affinity with the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) , [17] (#cite_note-17) especially the southern area. [18] (#cite_note-18) Churidar pajama [ edit ] The churidar (/wiki/Churidar) pajama, also called churidar suthan, which forms part of the traditional attire of men and women in Punjab (/wiki/Punjab_region) [19] (#cite_note-19) is a combination of the tight suthan of the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) and the traditional Dogri loose suthan. Accordingly, the churidar pajama is believed to be derived from the suthan. The Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) [1] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-1) pajama is popular all over the sub-continent and was developed in the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) , and is associated with the Punjab. [20] (#cite_note-20) [1] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kumar, Raj (10 October 2023). Paintings and Lifestyles of Jammu Region: From 17th to 19th Century A.D. Gyan Publishing House. p. 352. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7835-577-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Singh, K. S.; Pandita, K. N.; Charak, Sukh Dev Singh; Rizvi, Baqr Raza (2003). Anthropological Survey of India . Jammu & Kashmir. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7304-118-1 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0) Handa, O. Textiles, Costumes and Ornaments of the Western Himalayas . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kumar, Raj (2006). Paintings and Lifestyles of Jammu Region: From 17th to 19th Century A.D. Gyan Publishing House. p. 163. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7835-577-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gore, Frederick St. John. (1895) Lights & Shades of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu Highlands of Punjab. A contrast ... With maps and illustrations, etc [1] (http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv39189ee9) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Letters from India and Kashmir (1874) [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=1s5AAAAAIAAJ&q=north+of+delhi) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kumar Suresh Singh, K. N. Pandita, Sukh Dev Singh Charak, Baqr Raza Rizvi. Anthropological Survey of India (2003) Jammu and Kashmir [3] (https://books.google.com/books?id=9FigAAAAMAAJ&q=suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sukh Dev Singh Charak (1983) the Jammu Kingdom, Part 1 [4] (https://books.google.com/books?id=YSEeAAAAMAAJ&q=punjabi+suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bamzai, P. N. K. (/wiki/Prithivi_Nath_Kaul_Bamzai) (1994) Culture and Political History of Kashmir, Volume [5] (https://books.google.com/books?id=1eMfzTBcXcYC&dq=tight+Dogri+pyjamas&pg=PA14) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kumar Suresh Singh, B. R. Sharma, Anthropological Survey of India, A. R. Sankhyan (1996) Himachal Pradesh [6] (https://books.google.com/books?id=XEduAAAAMAAJ&q=suthan+himachal+pradesh) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Charak, Sukh Dev Singh (1983) Himachal Pradesh, Volume 4 [7] (https://books.google.com/books?id=UU1DAAAAYAAJ&q=dogri+punjabi+pyjama) ^ (#cite_ref-12) Saraf, D.N. (1987) Arts and Crafts, Jammu and Kashmir: Land, People, Culture [8] (https://books.google.com/books?id=r72ywi3YYMAC&dq=Arts+and+Crafts%2C+Jammu+and+Kashmir%3A+Land%2C+People%2C+Culture+dogri+suthan&pg=PA37) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Banerjee, Sanhati. The Rockstar Dhoti (15.01.2012) [9] (http://www.planyourwedding.co.in/hyderabad/fashion/the-rockstar-dhoti.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130603074841/http://www.planyourwedding.co.in/hyderabad/fashion/the-rockstar-dhoti.aspx) 3 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kumar, Ritu (2006) Costumes and textiles of royal India [10] (https://books.google.com/books?id=qYK1AAAAIAAJ&q=dogri+churidar) ^ (#cite_ref-15) GORE, Frederick St. John. (1895) Lights & Shades of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu Highlands of the Punjab. A contrast ... With maps and illustrations, etc [11] (http://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv39189ee9) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Sarfi, Maqsooda (2004 Japan From The Eyes Of An Indian Girl [12] (https://books.google.com/books?id=eR5xAAAAMAAJ&q=dogri+suthana) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Betts, Vanessa and McCulloch, Victoria (2014) Indian Himalaya Footprint Handbook: Includes Corbett National Park, Darjeeling, Leh, Sikkim [13] (https://books.google.com/books?id=77D8AgAAQBAJ&dq=dogra++court+dress&pg=PA223) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Biswas, Arabinda 1985) Indian Costumes [a dress of the Dogras in Jammu is greatly influenced by the sartorial ensemble of the State of Punjab. [14] (https://books.google.com/books?id=vdyBAAAAMAAJ&q=dogri+suthan+) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Kehal, Harkesh Singh. Alop ho riha Punjabi Virsa. Unistar Books PVT Ltd ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-5017-532-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5017-532-3) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Shukla, Pravina (2013). The Grace of Four Moons: Dress, Adornment, and the Art of the Body in Modern India . Indiana University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-253-34911-8 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu_dress&oldid=1223550999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu_dress&oldid=1223550999) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Jammu and Kashmir (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir) Indian clothing (/wiki/Category:Indian_clothing) Indian fashion (/wiki/Category:Indian_fashion) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Use dmy dates from May 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2018) Use Indian English from May 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_May_2018) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English)
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Thomas Mahon is an English (/wiki/English_people) tailor, noted for outfitting the British royal family (/wiki/British_royal_family) [ citation needed ] and other VIP clients. Early life and education [ edit ] Mahon was born in Carlisle, Cumbria (/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria) , and grew up in the small village of Corby Hill (/wiki/Corby_Hill) , Cumbria (/wiki/Cumbria) . He was educated at the local village school and went on to the former grammar school, White House in Brampton, Carlisle (/wiki/Brampton,_Carlisle) . He entered the tailoring trade by taking a summer job at bespoke tailors S. Redmayne Ltd. He stayed at Redmayne and completed his apprenticeship whilst studying industrial pattern construction and grading at a local polytechnic. After seven years of training, he left Redmayne for London and furthered his skills as a striker (apprentice cutter) to Dennis Halbery at Anderson & Sheppard (/wiki/Anderson_%26_Sheppard) of Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Independence and Weblog [ edit ] In 1995, Mahon started Steed Bespoke Tailors , a bespoke tailoring company, with Edwin Deboise, before going independent in 2001. In 2005, he began his weblog English Cut with aid of cartoonist and internet entrepreneur Hugh McLeod to share his knowledge of the traditional tailor's craft. Mahon's wife, Claire, also studied tailoring, fashion, and design at University College for the Creative Arts at Epsom (/wiki/University_College_for_the_Creative_Arts_at_Epsom) . Together, they have three sons: Patrick, Francis, and John. In his spare time, Mahon teaches sailing and navigation with the rank of Petty Officer (/wiki/Petty_Officer) in the Sea Cadet Corps (/wiki/Sea_Cadet_Corps) , the UK's Naval Cadet Force. Ousted from English Cut [ edit ] In late 2012, Mahon began working with Christian Irving, a long-time colleague who wished to offer a "made-to-measure tailoring service". Mahon began searching for a suitable manufacturer, which he found in Japan. Mahon supervised this new service for the next four years. He visited Japan in May 2017, two months before leaving as founder, head cutter and creative director of English Cut. In 2015, Mahon was approached to sell a 20% stake in English Cut Ltd to Todd Enright on behalf of White Winston LLC, Boston, MA. Although the purchase was never completed, a loan note from White Winston was enforced as the main creditor on 31 July 2017. Mahon was invited to stay under new terms but left the same day, saying the conditions were "unacceptable". Redmayne 1860 [ edit ] Mahon returned as head cutter and creative director of Redmayne Ltd. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) English Cut: Savile Row Tailors. Documentary. Retrieved 9 January 2011. External links [ edit ] Savile Row Tailors, English Cut: The Weblog of Bespoke Tailor Thomas Mahon (http://www.englishcut.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐lpvx2 Cached time: 20240713183438 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.082 seconds Real time usage: 0.204 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 476/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3849/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1002/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1279/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1194663/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 108.529 1 -total 47.09% 51.109 1 Template:Citation_needed 44.27% 48.049 1 Template:Fix 34.91% 37.887 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 30.16% 32.736 2 Template:Category_handler 14.92% 16.190 2 Template:DMCA 12.18% 13.222 1 Template:Reflist 11.14% 12.094 2 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 7.10% 7.702 2 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 6.97% 7.566 1 Template:Delink Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30387768-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713183438 and revision id 1148159473. 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(Redirected from Jewelry Allergy (Nickel Allergy) (/w/index.php?title=Jewelry_Allergy_(Nickel_Allergy)&redirect=no) ) Medical condition Nickel allergy Specialty (/wiki/Medical_specialty) Allergology (/wiki/Allergology) , immunology (/wiki/Immunology) Nickel allergy is any of several allergic (/wiki/Allergy) conditions provoked by exposure to the chemical element nickel (/wiki/Nickel) . Nickel allergy often takes the form of nickel allergic contact dermatitis ( Ni-ACD ), a form of allergic contact dermatitis (/wiki/Allergic_contact_dermatitis) (ACD). Ni-ACD typically causes a rash that is red and itchy and that may be bumpy or scaly. The main treatment for it is avoiding contact with nickel-releasing metals, such as inexpensive jewelry. Another form of nickel allergy is a systemic (/wiki/Systemic_disease) form: systemic nickel allergy syndrome ( SNAS ) can mimic some of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome) (IBS) and also has a dermatologic component. [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) Signs and symptoms [ edit ] The most common sign of nickel allergy is inflammation of the skin at an area that comes into regular contact with nickel. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) This often takes the form of a reddened (/wiki/Erythema) patch of skin with raised bumps ( papules (/wiki/Papule) ) or small blisters ( vesicles (/wiki/Vesicle_(dermatology)) ), and edema (/wiki/Edema) . [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) People with chronic dermatitis tend to have dry, scaly, and cracked skin at the site of contact. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) These sites of inflammation (called "primary eruptions") can occur anywhere on the skin that contacts nickel, but are most common on the hands, face, or anywhere that contacts metal objects such as jewelry or metal clothes buttons. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Particularly high levels of nickel exposure can cause irritated patches of skin to appear at other sites on the body (called "secondary eruptions"). These typically occur as blistering rashes on the hands, eyelids, and at the inside of flexing joints (inside the elbow, back of the knee, etc.). [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Ingestion of nickel may cause a systemic reaction, which can result in generalized inflammation of the skin across the body, small blisters in the hands, irritation inside the flexing joints (flexural eczema), and redness and irritation of both buttocks (/wiki/Baboon_syndrome) . [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Systemic contact dermatitis (/wiki/Systemic_contact_dermatitis) (SCD) is defined as a dermatitis (/wiki/Dermatitis) occurring in an epi-cutaneously contact-sensitized person when exposed to haptens (/wiki/Hapten) systemically such as orally (/wiki/Mouth) , per rectum (/wiki/Rectal) , intravesically (/wiki/Intravesical) , transcutaneously (/w/index.php?title=Transcutaneous&action=edit&redlink=1) , intrauterinely (/wiki/Intrauterine) , intravenously (/wiki/Intravenous) , or by inhalation (/wiki/Inhalation) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The pathophysiology (/wiki/Pathophysiology) of systemic nickel allergy syndrome (SNAS) is not well understood. The clinical course (/wiki/Course_(medicine)) is determined by an immunological interplay between two types of T cells (/wiki/T_cells) (Th1 and Th2 (/wiki/Th2_cell) responses). SCD is often considered a subset of SNAS, but with only skin manifestations. [4] (#cite_note-4) SNAS presents with an array of symptoms ranging from respiratory to generalized skin rash to gastrointestinal symptoms. [5] (#cite_note-pmid_20807367-5) The gastrointestinal symptoms may mimic those of irritable bowel syndrome (/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome) . [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) A meta review evaluating SNAS found that 1% of patients sensitized to nickel reacted to the nickel content of a 'normal' diet, and with increasing doses of nickel more individuals reacted [6] (#cite_note-6) SNAS is a multilayered immunological response demonstrating variance between individuals and doses of nickel exposure. Causes [ edit ] Nickel exposure [ edit ] Nickel is both naturally abundant – it is the fifth most common element on earth – and widely used in industry and commercial goods. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Workplace nickel exposure is common in many industries, and the performance of normal work tasks can result in nickel skin levels sufficient to elicit dermatitis. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Within the workplace, individuals may be exposed to significant amounts of nickel, airborne from the combustion of fossil fuels (/wiki/Fossil_fuel) or from contact with tools that are nickel plated (/wiki/Nickel_plating_(disambiguation)) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Historically, workplaces where prolonged contact with soluble nickel has been high have shown high risks for allergic contact nickel dermatitis. For example, nickel dermatitis was common in the past among nickel platers. [8] (#cite_note-8) Outbreaks of nickel allergy from consumer goods have been documented throughout the 20th century, with jewelry, stocking suspenders, and metallic buttons on blue jeans each resulting in dermatitis at the point of contact. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Nickel can also be present in food and drinking water; ingestion of increased nickel is not associated with systemic allergic disease, but is associated with flare-ups of dermatitis or aggravation of vesicular hand eczema. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Similarly, aggravation of dermatitis has been reported in response to nickel-containing surgical implants or dental gear. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) The risk of an object eliciting nickel allergy is linked to the amount of nickel released by its surface (and not to its total nickel content). [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Suspected objects can be screened by wiping the surface with a 1% dimethylglyoxime (/wiki/Dimethylglyoxime) solution that turns pink if more than 0.5 μg/cm 2 per week is released by the surface. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Various methods exist to test the skin or nails for nickel exposure, typically relying on wiping the skin, then quantifying the nickel on the wipe via mass spectrometry (/wiki/Mass_spectrometry) . [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Dietary nickel exposure may come from high-nickel foods, possibly canned food (via the packaging), possibly stainless steel cookware (whereas some grades of stainless steel contain more nickel than others), or plumbing (especially the first water run from the tap in the morning). [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) Physiology [ edit ] Nickel allergy results in a skin response after the skin comes in contact with an item that releases a large amount of nickel from its surface. It is commonly associated with nickel-containing belt buckles coming into prolonged contact with the skin. [9] (#cite_note-wjm-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) The skin reaction can occur at the site of contact, or sometimes spread beyond to the rest of the body. Free (released) nickel that is able to penetrate the skin (/wiki/Skin) is taken up by scavenger ( dendritic (/wiki/Dendritic_cell) ) cells and then presented to the immune system (/wiki/Immune_system) T-Cells. With each subsequent exposure to nickel these T cells (/wiki/T_cell) become stimulated and duplicate (/wiki/Cell_division) themselves. With enough exposure to nickel, the amassing clones of T-cells reach "threshold" and the skin develops a rash (/wiki/Rash) . The rash can appear as acute, subacute, or chronic eczema-like (/wiki/Dermatitis) skin patches, primarily at the site of contact with the nickel (e.g., earlobe from nickel earrings). From the time of exposure, the rash usually appears within 12–120 hours and can last for 3–4 weeks or for the continued duration of nickel contact/exposure. [9] (#cite_note-wjm-9) Three simultaneous conditions must occur to trigger Ni-ACD: Direct skin contact with nickel-releasing item Prolonged skin contact with nickel-releasing item A sufficient amount of nickel is released and absorbed into the skin to cause a reaction [12] (#cite_note-12) The pathophysiology (/wiki/Pathophysiology) is divided into induction elicitation phases (/wiki/Type_IV_hypersensitivity) . Induction is the critical phase (immunological event) when skin contact to nickel results in antigen presentation to the T cells, and T cell duplication (cloning) occurs. The metal cation Ni ++ is a low molecular weight hapten (/wiki/Hapten) that easily penetrates the stratum corneum (/wiki/Stratum_corneum) (top layer of skin). Nickel then binds to skin protein carriers creating an antigenic epitope (/wiki/Epitope) . [13] (#cite_note-13) The determining factor in sensitization (/wiki/Sensitization) is exposure of significant amounts of "free nickel". [14] (#cite_note-14) This is important because different metal alloys (/wiki/Alloy) release different amounts of free nickel. The antigenic epitope is collected by dermal dendritic cells and Langerhans cells (/wiki/Langerhans_cell) , the antigen-presenting cells (/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell) (APC) of the skin, and undergo maturation and migration to regional lymph nodes (/wiki/Lymph_node) . The complex is predominantly expressed on major histocompatibility complex (/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex) ( MHC) II (/wiki/MHC_class_II) , which activates and clonally expands naive CD4+ T cells (/wiki/T_helper_cell) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Upon re-exposure these now primed T cells will be activated and massively recruited to the skin, resulting in the elicitation phase and the clinical presentation of Ni-ACD. Although ACD has been considered a Th1 (/wiki/Th1_cell) predominate process, recent studies highlight a more complex picture. In Ni-ACD other cells are involved including: Th17 (/wiki/T_helper_17_cell) , Th22, Th1/ IFN (/wiki/Interferon) and the innate immune (/wiki/Innate_immune_system) responses consistent with toll-like receptor 4 (/wiki/TLR4) . [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Prevention [ edit ] Nickel has a wide utility of application in manufactured metals because it is both strong and malleable, leading to ubiquitous presence and the potential for consumers to be in contact with it daily. However, for those who have the rash of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a nickel allergy, it can be a challenge to avoid. Foods, common kitchen utensils, cell phones, jewelry, and many other items may contain nickel and be a source of irritation due to the allergic reaction caused by the absorption of free released nickel through direct and prolonged contact. The most appropriate measure for nickel-allergic persons is to prevent contact with the allergen. In 2011, researchers showed that applying a thin layer of glycerine (/wiki/Glycerine) emollient (/wiki/Emollients) containing nanoparticles (/wiki/Nanoparticle%E2%80%93biomolecule_conjugate) of either calcium carbonate (/wiki/Calcium_carbonate) or calcium phosphate (/wiki/Calcium_phosphate) on an isolated piece of pig skin ( in vitro (/wiki/In_vitro) ) and on the skin of mice ( in vivo (/wiki/In_vivo) ) prevents the penetration of nickel ions into the skin. The nanoparticles (/wiki/Nanoparticle) capture nickel ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating (/wiki/Chelation) agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid) . Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions (/wiki/Metal_ions) that can cause skin irritation'. [18] (#cite_note-Vemula_2011-18) Pre-emptive avoidance strategies (PEAS) might ultimately lower the sensitization rates of children who would develop ACD [19] (#cite_note-19) It is theorized that prevention of exposure to nickel early on could reduce the number of those that are sensitive to nickel by one-quarter to one-third. Identification of the many sources of nickel is vital to understanding the nickel sensitization story, food like chocolate and fish, zippers, buttons, cell phones and even orthodontic braces and eyeglass frames might contain nickel. Items that contain sentimental value (heirlooms, wedding rings) could be treated with an enamel (/wiki/Enamel_paint) or rhodium plating (/wiki/Rhodium-catalyzed_hydrogenation) . [20] (#cite_note-Hill_2015-20) The Dermatitis Academy has created an educational website to provide more information about nickel, including information about prevention, exposure, sources, and general information about nickel allergy. These resources provide guidance in a prevention initiative for children worldwide. Prevention of SNAS includes modifying dietary choices to avoid certain foods that are higher in nickel than others. [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) Diagnosis [ edit ] Nickel allergy is typically diagnosed by patch testing (/wiki/Patch_testing) – applying a patch with 2.5% (in North America) or 5% (in Europe) nickel sulfate (/wiki/Nickel_sulfate) to the upper back and looking for irritation on the skin. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) As with other causes of allergic contact dermatitis, patches containing several common allergens are typically applied to the back for 48 hours, removed, then the spots examined for allergic reactions 2 to 5 days later. [21] (#cite_note-21) SNAS can often mimic IBS [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) and may be more common than is widely appreciated. [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) It therefore should be considered as a differential diagnosis (/wiki/Differential_diagnosis) item when a doctor is considering a diagnosis of IBS, [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) and nickel allergy testing is advisable as a means to exclude or confirm SNAS. [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) Even before such testing, some differentiating factors in the medical history (/wiki/Medical_history) are if certain foods prompt the symptoms (for example, peanuts or shellfish), [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) whereas IBS is not specific to those foods. [1] (#cite_note-Medscape-SNAS-2023-03-10-1) Treatment [ edit ] Once a nickel allergy is detected, the best treatment is avoidance of nickel-releasing items. The top 13 categories that contain nickel include beauty accessories, eyeglasses, money, cigarettes, clothes, kitchen and household, electronics and office equipment, metal utensils, aliment, jewelry, batteries, orthodontic and dental appliances, and medical equipment. [22] (#cite_note-BNA-22) Other than strict avoidance of items that release free nickel, there are other treatment options for reduction of exposure. The first step is to limit friction between skin and metallic items. Susceptible people may try to limit sweating while wearing nickel items, to reduce nickel release and thus decrease chances for developing sensitization or allergy. Another option is to shield electronics, metal devices, and tools with fabric, plastic, or acrylic coverings. [22] (#cite_note-BNA-22) There are dimethylglyoxime (/wiki/Dimethylglyoxime) test kits that can be very helpful to check for nickel release from items prior to purchasing. [23] (#cite_note-23) The American Contact Dermatitis Society 'find a provider' resource can help identify clinicians with training in providing guidance lists of safe items. [24] (#cite_note-24) In addition to avoidance, healthcare providers may prescribe additional creams or medications to help relieve the skin reaction. Epidemiology [ edit ] Nickel allergy is the most common contact allergy (/wiki/Contact_allergy) in industrialized countries, affecting around 8% to 19% of adults and 8% to 10% of children. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Women are affected 4–10 times as frequently as men. [2] (#cite_note-Ahlstrom2019-2) Regulation [ edit ] As nickel can be harmful to skin, its use in daily products must be regulated. A safety directive has been in place in Europe since 2004. Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) in 1980, and then shortly after the European Union (/wiki/European_Union) (EU), enacted legislation that limited the amount of free nickel in consumer products that come in contact with the skin. This resulted in significantly decreased rates of sensitization among Danish children 0 to 18 years of age from 24.8% to 9.2% between 1985 and 1998, with similar reductions in sensitization throughout the EU. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) No such directive exists in the United States, but efforts are under way to mandate safe use guidelines for nickel. In August 2015, the American Academy of Dermatology (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology) (AAD) adopted a nickel safety position paper. [27] (#cite_note-27) The exact prevalence of Ni-ACD in the general population in the US is largely unknown. However, current estimates gauge that roughly 2.5 million US adults and 250,000 children have a nickel allergy, which costs an estimated $5.7 billion per year for treatment of symptoms. [28] (#cite_note-28) Loma Linda University (/wiki/Loma_Linda_University) , Nickel Allergy Alliance, and Dermatitis Academy created the first open access self-reported patient registry to record nickel allergy prevalence data in the US.[ref 23] [ full citation needed ] History [ edit ] In the 17th century, copper miners in Saxony (/wiki/Saxony) , Germany, began to experience irritation caused by a "dark red ore". Since the substance, which would later be called nickel, led to many ailments, they believed it to be protected by " goblins (/wiki/Goblin) ", and called it "Goblin's Copper". [29] (#cite_note-29) Josef Jadassohn (/wiki/Josef_Jadassohn) described the first case of metal contact dermatitis (/wiki/Contact_dermatitis) in 1895, to a mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) -based therapeutic cream, and confirmed the cause by epi-cutaneous (/w/index.php?title=Epi-cutaneous&action=edit&redlink=1) patch testing. [30] (#cite_note-30) In the next century nickel began to be mass-produced for jewelry worldwide due to its cheap cost, resistance to corrosion and high supply. In 1979 a large comprehensive study of healthy US volunteers found that 9% had been unknowingly sensitized to nickel. [31] (#cite_note-31) As of 2008 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel_allergy&action=edit) , that number has tripled. [32] (#cite_note-32) Most importantly, nickel allergy among children is increasing, with an estimated 250,000 children sensitized to nickel. [33] (#cite_note-33) Published literature shows an exponential increase in reported nickel allergy cases. [34] (#cite_note-34) The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch tested 5,085 adults, presenting with eczema-like symptoms, showing 19.5% had a positive reaction to nickel. [35] (#cite_note-35) Nickel allergy is also more prevalent in women (17.1%) than men (3%), possibly due to cultural norms related to jewelry and ear piercings and therefore increased exposure to nickel. [36] (#cite_note-36) In order to investigate the current prevalence of nickel, Loma Linda University (/wiki/Loma_Linda_University_Medical_Center) , Nickel Allergy Alliance, and Dermatitis Academy, [37] (#cite_note-37) are conducting a self-reporting nickel allergy-dermatitis survey. [38] (#cite_note-38) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Tate, Nick. "Are You Misdiagnosing IBS? Watch Out for This Mimic" (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989496) . Medscape . Retrieved 2023-04-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Ahlström MG, Thyssen JP, Wennervaldt M, Menné T, Johansen JD (October 2019). "Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment" (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fcod.13327) . Contact Dermatitis . 81 (4): 227–241. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/cod.13327 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fcod.13327) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 31140194 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31140194) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 169036955 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169036955) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Veien NK (December 2011). "Systemic contact dermatitis". International Journal of Dermatology . 50 (12): 1445–56. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05104.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2011.05104.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22097987 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22097987) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 43174907 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43174907) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Di Gioacchino M, Ricciardi L, De Pità O, Minelli M, Patella V, Voltolini S, Di Rienzo V, Braga M, Ballone E, Mangifesta R, Schiavino D (February 2014). "Nickel oral hyposensitization in patients with systemic nickel allergy syndrome" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673509) . Annals of Medicine . 46 (1): 31–7. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3109/07853890.2013.861158 (https://doi.org/10.3109%2F07853890.2013.861158) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 4673509 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673509) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24256166 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24256166) . ^ (#cite_ref-pmid_20807367_5-0) Matiz C, Jacob SE (2011). "Systemic contact dermatitis in children: how an avoidance diet can make a difference". Pediatric Dermatology . 28 (4): 368–74. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01130.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1525-1470.2010.01130.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 20807367 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20807367) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 11131414 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11131414) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jensen CS, Menné T, Johansen JD (February 2006). "Systemic contact dermatitis after oral exposure to nickel: a review with a modified meta-analysis" (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0105-1873.2006.00773.x) . Contact Dermatitis . 54 (2): 79–86. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00773.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0105-1873.2006.00773.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 16487279 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16487279) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 19825855 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19825855) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Grandjean P (1984). "Human exposure to nickel". IARC Scientific Publications (53): 469–85. PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 6241927 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6241927) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Knowledge of properties and safe use of substances | Nickel Institute" (https://www.nickelinstitute.org/policy/chemicals-management/knowledge-and-safe-use/) . www.nickelinstitute.org . ^ Jump up to: a b Usatine R (May 2001). "A belt buckle allergy?" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071380) . The Western Journal of Medicine . 174 (5): 307–8. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/ewjm.174.5.307 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fewjm.174.5.307) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 1071380 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071380) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11342499 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11342499) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Nickel allergy - Symptoms and causes" (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529) . Mayo Clinic (/wiki/Mayo_Clinic) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Nickel Contact Dermatitis Picture Image on MedicineNet.com" (https://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/nickel_contact_dermatitis_picture/picture.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "What Do You Need To Know About Nickel Allergy?" (https://www.nickelinstitute.org/media/2316/nickel_allergy_infographic_final_1409.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lu L, Vollmer J, Moulon C, Weltzien HU, Marrack P, Kappler J (March 2003). "Components of the ligand for a Ni++ reactive human T cell clone" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193829) . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 197 (5): 567–74. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1084/jem.20021762 (https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.20021762) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2193829 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193829) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 12615898 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12615898) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Silverberg NB, Licht J, Friedler S, Sethi S, Laude TA (2002). "Nickel contact hypersensitivity in children". Pediatric Dermatology . 19 (2): 110–3. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00057.x (https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1525-1470.2002.00057.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11994170 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11994170) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 38975103 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38975103) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Girolomoni G, Gisondi P, Ottaviani C, Cavani A (April 2004). "Immunoregulation of allergic contact dermatitis". The Journal of Dermatology . 31 (4): 264–70. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00671.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1346-8138.2004.tb00671.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 15187320 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15187320) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 25609386 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25609386) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Peana M, Zdyb K, Medici S, Pelucelli A, Simula G, Gumienna-Kontecka E, Zoroddu MA (December 2017). "Ni(II) interaction with a peptide model of the human TLR4 ectodomain". Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology (/wiki/Journal_of_Trace_Elements_in_Medicine_and_Biology) . 44 : 151–160. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.07.006 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtemb.2017.07.006) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 28965571 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28965571) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Dhingra N, Shemer A, Correa da Rosa J, Rozenblit M, Fuentes-Duculan J, Gittler JK, Finney R, Czarnowicki T, Zheng X, Xu H, Estrada YD, Cardinale I, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E (August 2014). "Molecular profiling of contact dermatitis skin identifies allergen-dependent differences in immune response". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology . 134 (2): 362–72. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.009 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2014.03.009) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24768652 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24768652) . ^ (#cite_ref-Vemula_2011_18-0) Vemula PK, Anderson RR, Karp JM (2011). "Nanoparticles reduce nickel allergy by capturing metal ions". Nature Nanotechnology . 6 (5): 291–5. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2011NatNa...6..291V (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NatNa...6..291V) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/nnano.2011.37 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnnano.2011.37) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21460828 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21460828) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Hill H, Goldenberg A, Golkar L, Beck K, Williams J, Jacob SE (2016). "Pre-Emptive Avoidance Strategy (P.E.A.S.) - addressing allergic contact dermatitis in pediatric populations". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology . 12 (5): 551–61. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1586/1744666X.2016.1142373 (https://doi.org/10.1586%2F1744666X.2016.1142373) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26764601 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26764601) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 31364750 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31364750) . ^ (#cite_ref-Hill_2015_20-0) Hill H, Goldenberg A, Sheehan MP, Patel A, Jacob SE (2015). "Nickel-Free Alternatives Raise Awareness". Dermatitis: Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug . 26 (6): 245–53. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/DER.0000000000000135 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2FDER.0000000000000135) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26551602 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26551602) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 9642987 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9642987) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Nixon RL, Allnutt KJ, Diepgen TL (2020). "Contact Dermatitis". Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice (9 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 553–561. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-323-54424-5 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Be Nickel Aware" (https://www.dermatitisacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/nickel-table_Final.pdf) (PDF) . Dermatitis Academy . Retrieved 2018-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Testing For Nickel (https://www.dermatitisacademy.com/nickel-sources/) www.dermatitisacademy.com , accessed 7 October 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-24) Find a Provider (https://www.contactderm.org/find/) www.contactderm.org , accessed 7 October 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-25) Johansen JD, Menné T, Christophersen J, Kaaber K, Veien N (March 2000). "Changes in the pattern of sensitization to common contact allergens in denmark between 1985-86 and 1997-98, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies". The British Journal of Dermatology . 142 (3): 490–5. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03362.x (https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2133.2000.03362.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 10735956 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10735956) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 22827812 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22827812) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Thyssen JP, Uter W, McFadden J, Menné T, Spiewak R, Vigan M, Gimenez-Arnau A, Lidén C (March 2011). "The EU Nickel Directive revisited--future steps towards better protection against nickel allergy". Contact Dermatitis . 64 (3): 121–5. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01852.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2010.01852.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21226718 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21226718) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 33789432 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33789432) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Position Statement on Nickel Sensitivity" (https://www.aad.org/Forms/Policies/Uploads/PS/PS-Nickel%20Sensitivity.pdf) (PDF) . American Academy of Dermatology. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Jacob SE, Goldenberg A, Pelletier JL, Fonacier LS, Usatine R, Silverberg N (2015). "Nickel Allergy and Our Children's Health: A Review of Indexed Cases and a View of Future Prevention". Pediatric Dermatology . 32 (6): 779–785. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/pde.12639 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpde.12639) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26212605 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26212605) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 23566200 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23566200) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Baldwin WH (1931). "The story of nickel. How "old nick's" gnomes were outwitted". Journal of Chemical Education . 8 (9): 1749. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 1931JChEd...8.1749B (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931JChEd...8.1749B) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/ed008p1749 (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed008p1749) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Jadassohn J (1895). "Zur Kenntnis der medikamentösen Dermatosen". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. Fünfter Kongress, Raz (in German). Berlin: Julius Springer. pp. 103–129. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Prystowsky SD, Allen AM, Smith RW, Nonomura JH, Odom RB, Akers WA (August 1979). "Allergic contact hypersensitivity to nickel, neomycin, ethylenediamine, and benzocaine. Relationships between age, sex, history of exposure, and reactivity to standard patch tests and use tests in a general population". Archives of Dermatology . 115 (8): 959–62. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1001/archderm.1979.04010080023015 (https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchderm.1979.04010080023015) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 157103 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/157103) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Rietschel RL, Fowler JF, Warshaw EM, Belsito D, DeLeo VA, Maibach HI, Marks JG, Mathias CG, Pratt M, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS, Zug KA (2008). "Detection of nickel sensitivity has increased in North American patch-test patients". Dermatitis . 19 (1): 16–9. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2310/6620.2008.06062 (https://doi.org/10.2310%2F6620.2008.06062) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 18346391 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18346391) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 35281633 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35281633) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Jacob SE, Goldenberg A, Pelletier JL, Fonacier LS, Usatine R, Silverberg N (2015). "Nickel Allergy and Our Children's Health: A Review of Indexed Cases and a View of Future Prevention". Pediatric Dermatology . 32 (6): 779–85. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/pde.12639 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpde.12639) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26212605 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26212605) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 23566200 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23566200) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Goldenberg A, Vassantachart J, Lin EJ, Lampel HP, Jacob SE (2015). "Nickel Allergy in Adults in the U.S.: 1962 to 2015". Dermatitis . 26 (5): 216–23. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/der.0000000000000130 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fder.0000000000000130) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26177034 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26177034) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 12484596 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12484596) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Fransway AF, Zug KA, Belsito DV, Deleo VA, Fowler JF, Maibach HI, Marks JG, Mathias CG, Pratt MD, Rietschel RL, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS, Warshaw EM, Dekoven J, Zirwas M (2013). "North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for 2007-2008". Dermatitis . 24 (1): 10–21. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/der.0b013e318277ca50 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fder.0b013e318277ca50) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 23340394 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340394) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 19896353 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19896353) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Thyssen JP, Menné T (February 2010). "Metal allergy--a review on exposures, penetration, genetics, prevalence, and clinical implications". Chemical Research in Toxicology . 23 (2): 309–18. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/tx9002726 (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Ftx9002726) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 19831422 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19831422) . ^ (#cite_ref-37) dermatitisacademy (http://www.dermatitisacademy.com) www.dermatitisacademy.com , accessed 7 October 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-38) forms (https://emg.wufoo.com/forms/zmnl51i1unpoj3/) Loma Linda University (restricted access site) Further reading [ edit ] "Woman's metal allergy causes severe symptoms after knee replacement" (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141216175621.htm) . ScienceDaily . December 16, 2014. v t e Elements in biology Elements Sodium in biology (/wiki/Sodium_in_biology) Magnesium in biology (/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology) Potassium in biology (/wiki/Potassium_in_biology) Calcium in biology (/wiki/Calcium_in_biology) Manganese in biology (/wiki/Manganese_in_biology) Iron in biology (/wiki/Iron_in_biology) Cobalt in biology (/wiki/Cobalt_in_biology) Copper in biology (/wiki/Copper_in_biology) Zinc in biology (/wiki/Zinc_in_biology) Selenium in biology (/wiki/Selenium_in_biology) Molybdenum in biology (/wiki/Molybdenum_in_biology) Iodine in biology (/wiki/Iodine_in_biology) Arsenic biochemistry (/wiki/Arsenic_biochemistry) Biological aspects of fluorine (/wiki/Biological_aspects_of_fluorine) CHONPS (/wiki/CHONPS) (Core six elements) C arbon (/wiki/Carbon) H ydrogen (/wiki/Hydrogen) O xygen (/wiki/Oxygen) N itrogen (/wiki/Nitrogen) P hosphorus (/wiki/Phosphorus) S ulfur (/wiki/Sulfur) Deficiencies (/wiki/Mineral_deficiency) Chromium (/wiki/Chromium_deficiency) Copper (/wiki/Copper_deficiency) Iron (/wiki/Iron_deficiency) Iodine (/wiki/Iodine_deficiency) Potassium (/wiki/Hypokalemia) Manganese (/wiki/Manganese_deficiency_(medicine)) Molybdenum (/wiki/Molybdenum_deficiency) Sodium (/wiki/Hyponatremia) Selenium (/wiki/Selenium_deficiency) Zinc (/wiki/Zinc_deficiency) Toxicity (/wiki/Toxicity) Argyria (Silver) (/wiki/Argyria) Arsenic poisoning (/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning) Beryllium poisoning (/wiki/Beryllium_poisoning) Acute beryllium poisoning (/wiki/Acute_beryllium_poisoning) Berylliosis (/wiki/Berylliosis) Chlorine gas poisoning (/wiki/Chlorine_gas_poisoning) Chromium toxicity (/wiki/Chromium_toxicity) Cobalt poisoning (/wiki/Cobalt_poisoning) Copper toxicity (/wiki/Copper_toxicity) Cadmium poisoning (/wiki/Cadmium_poisoning) Fluoride toxicity (/wiki/Fluoride_toxicity) Halotolerance (/wiki/Halotolerance) Iron poisoning (/wiki/Iron_poisoning) Iron overload (/wiki/Iron_overload) Lead poisoning (/wiki/Lead_poisoning) Lithium toxicity (/wiki/Lithium_toxicity) Mercury poisoning (/wiki/Mercury_poisoning) Metal toxicity (/wiki/Metal_toxicity) Nickel allergy Selenium toxicity (/wiki/Selenium#Toxicity) Thallium poisoning (/wiki/Thallium_poisoning) Tin poisoning (/wiki/Tin_poisoning) Toxic heavy metal (/wiki/Toxic_heavy_metal) Zinc toxicity (/wiki/Zinc_toxicity) Related Composition of the human body (/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body) Lithium (medication) (/wiki/Lithium_(medication)) Mineral (Essential element) (/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)) Oxygen toxicity (/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity) Soil salinity (/wiki/Soil_salinity) Uranium in the environment (/wiki/Uranium_in_the_environment) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jd2mb Cached time: 20240719175039 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.623 seconds Real time usage: 0.744 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2666/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 96894/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1515/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 156592/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.404/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6344476/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 660.321 1 -total 49.37% 326.017 1 Template:Reflist 25.47% 168.157 1 Template:Infobox_medical_condition_(new) 24.62% 162.572 25 Template:Cite_journal 17.25% 113.898 8 Template:Cite_web 12.49% 82.505 1 Template:Elements_in_biology 12.18% 80.408 1 Template:Navbox 12.13% 80.103 1 Template:Infobox 11.40% 75.283 1 Template:Short_description 6.38% 42.152 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49636830-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719175039 and revision id 1227319243. 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A typical umbrella hat An umbrella hat is an umbrella canopy attached to a headband that functions as a protection against the drizzle rain or sun. It is seen as a novelty item. Description [ edit ] Umbrella hats have a typical umbrella canopy, with ribs supporting a fabric or plastic covering. This canopy is connected to a headband via four short shafts on every other rib to keep the canopy over the head. The canopy is generally collapsible, with the ribs and fabric collapsing around the headband shafts, much like a typical umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) . [1] (#cite_note-patent-1) Umbrella hats can come in a wide array of colors and sizes, including national flags like the US Flag, the country where it was invented. History [ edit ] One of the earliest promoters of umbrella hats, Robert W. Patten (/wiki/Robert_W._Patten) , known as the Umbrella Man in Seattle, Washington, and San Jose, California. In December 1880, a patent was taken out on the umbrella hat; patent 250,803. [1] (#cite_note-patent-1) Robert W. Patten (/wiki/Robert_W._Patten) claimed that he invented the umbrella hat while he was prospecting (/wiki/Prospecting) in Mexico. His original hat also included a mosquito net (/wiki/Mosquito_net) attached to the canopy. Patten moved to Seattle in the 1890s and was dubbed the Umbrella Man . He then became a repairman for umbrellas, and inspired a cartoon from John Hager (/wiki/John_Hager_(cartoonist)) , depicting Robert Patten with his umbrella hat. [2] (#cite_note-2) Patten was seen as eccentric, and Hager's cartoons of him were comic. The father of actor Billy Crudup (/wiki/Billy_Crudup) marketed the "brockabrella", a red-and-white version of the hat endorsed by American baseball Hall of Famer Lou Brock (/wiki/Lou_Brock) . It gave the device a bit of popularity in St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri) in the mid 20th century. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Today, the umbrella hat has advanced considerably. It is often associated as a cheap and comical novelty item, but it can be used to shield a person against rain or sunshine hands-free. Umbrella Hats are particularly useful to wheelchair users who need the use of both hands in the rain. It is also useful for gardeners, cyclists, walkers, shoppers, hunters, fishers, political canvassers and general manual laborers. References [ edit ] ^ a b 1987 U.S. Patent Patent number: 4760610, Patent by Bing T. Wu for Umbrella Hat. (https://patents.google.com/patent/US4760610) ^ (#cite_ref-2) History Link. Patten, Robert W. (1832–1913), (http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=3149) Seattle's famed Umbrella Man. HistoryLink.org Essay 3149 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Brockabrella" (http://www.stltoday.com/the-brockabrella/image_18b02ed3-d33e-510a-9c8d-0684b775195e.html) . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . July 2, 2010 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "August A. Busch, Jr.and Lou Brock Wearing Umbrella Hats" (http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/42-15810145/august-a-busch-jrand-lou-brock-wearing) . Corbis Images . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jimmy Kimmel Live (31 January 2023). "Billy Crudup Performs a Scene Written by ChatGPT A.I. Software" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lNp9B84PD0) . YouTube . American Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 4 February 2023 . Paul Dorpat (/wiki/Paul_Dorpat) , "Now and Then: The Umbrella Man," The Seattle Times, Pacific Northwest Magazine, April 5, 1998. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Umbrella hat (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Umbrella_hat) . Blog showing modern umbrella hats (http://andsomeguysblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/dudes-wearing-umbrella-hats.html) Website showing commercially customized umbrella hats (https://happyumbrella.com/umbrella/promotional-umbrella/hat-umbrella/) See also [ edit ] Asian conical hat (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo_cap) Historical (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Beaver (/wiki/Beaver_hat) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Boudoir (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Boyar (/wiki/Boyar_hat) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coal scuttle bonnet (/wiki/Coal_scuttle_bonnet) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Dolly Varden (/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Pamela (/wiki/Pamela_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Toque (/wiki/Toque) Witch (/wiki/Witch_hat) Gediminas' Cap (/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi (/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) Icelandic tail (/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jobawi (/wiki/Jobawi) Kalpak (/wiki/Kalpak) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Kuma (/wiki/Kuma_(cap)) Labbade (/wiki/Labbade) Lika (/wiki/Lika_cap) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Montenegrin (/wiki/Montenegrin_cap) Montera picona (/wiki/Montera_picona) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Nambawi (/wiki/Nambawi) Nón quai thao (/wiki/N%C3%B3n_quai_thao) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Papakha (/wiki/Papakha) Pashteen (/wiki/Pashteen_hat) Pungcha (/wiki/Pungcha) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Rastacap (/wiki/Rastacap) Šajkača (/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C4%8Da) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Senufo bird (/wiki/Senufo_bird) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Šibenik (/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_cap) Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Sombrero calañés (/wiki/Sombrero_cala%C3%B1%C3%A9s) Sombrero cordobés (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Sombrero vueltiao (/wiki/Sombrero_vueltiao) Song (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Stormy Kromer cap (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Šubara (/wiki/%C5%A0ubara) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Tam o' shanter (/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)) Tang (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Tanggeon (/wiki/Tanggeon) Tantour (/wiki/Tantour) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Tembel (/wiki/Tembel_hat) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Tubeteika (/wiki/Tubeteika) Tuque (/wiki/Tuque) Tyrolean (/wiki/Tyrolean_hat) Upe (/wiki/Upe) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Welsh (/wiki/Welsh_hat) Yanggwan (/wiki/Yanggwan) Wrapped headwear Apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) Bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) Birrus (/wiki/Birrus) 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British costume designer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Joanna_Johnston) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Joanna_Johnston) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Joanna Johnston" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Joanna+Johnston%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) may be too short to adequately summarize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) the key points . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview) of all important aspects of the article. 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Find sources: "Joanna Johnston" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Joanna+Johnston%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Joanna+Johnston%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Joanna Johnston is an English (/wiki/England) costume designer who has worked extensively in film, particularly in the United States (/wiki/United_States) . She is especially known for her collaborations with Steven Spielberg (/wiki/Steven_Spielberg) and Robert Zemeckis (/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis) . Life and career [ edit ] Initially, Johnston worked in the theatre, but in 1978, she became the assistant costume designer (albeit uncredited) on Death on the Nile (/wiki/Death_on_the_Nile_(1978_film)) . This was followed the next year by work on Roman Polanski (/wiki/Roman_Polanski) 's Tess (/wiki/Tess_(1979_film)) . Still an assistant costume designer, Johnston worked for the first time with Spielberg on Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom) (1984) and The Color Purple (/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)) (1985). Her first feature film costume design credit was Hellraiser (/wiki/Hellraiser) (1987). A year later she worked with Robert Zemeckis on the highly successful Who Framed Roger Rabbit (/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit) . The working relationship with Zemeckis continued through Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) (1989), Back to the Future Part III (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III) (1990), Death Becomes Her (/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her) (1992), Contact (/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)) (1997), Cast Away (/wiki/Cast_Away) (2000), The Polar Express (/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)) (2004), and Allied (/wiki/Allied_(film)) (2016) for which she received her second nomination for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) . In 1989, Spielberg hired her as designer on Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade) and they worked together again on Saving Private Ryan (/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan) (1998), War of the Worlds (/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(2005_film)) (2005), Munich (/wiki/Munich_(2005_film)) (also 2005) and War Horse (/wiki/War_Horse_(film)) (2011). Their latest collaboration is Lincoln (/wiki/Lincoln_(film)) for which she received her first nomination for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , but lost to three-time nominee Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) , respectively. [1] (#cite_note-test-1) Johnston also designed the costumes for two of M. Night Shyamalan (/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan) 's first features The Sixth Sense (/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense) (1999) and Unbreakable (/wiki/Unbreakable_(film)) (2000). She currently lives in the United States. She is interviewed in the HBO (/wiki/HBO) documentary Spielberg (/wiki/Spielberg_(film)) about her work with Steven Spielberg. Filmography [ edit ] Year Title [2] (#cite_note-imdb-2) Director Notes 1987 Hellraiser (/wiki/Hellraiser) Clive Barker (/wiki/Clive_Barker) 1988 Who Framed Roger Rabbit (/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit) Robert Zemeckis (/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis) 1989 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade) Steven Spielberg (/wiki/Steven_Spielberg) Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) Robert Zemeckis 1990 Back to the Future Part III (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III) 1992 Far and Away (/wiki/Far_and_Away) Ron Howard (/wiki/Ron_Howard) Death Becomes Her (/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her) Robert Zemeckis 1994 Forrest Gump (/wiki/Forrest_Gump) 1995 French Kiss (/wiki/French_Kiss_(1995_film)) Lawrence Kasdan (/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan) 1997 Contact (/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)) Robert Zemeckis 1998 Saving Private Ryan (/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan) Steven Spielberg 1999 The Sixth Sense (/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense) M. Night Shyamalan (/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan) 2000 Unbreakable (/wiki/Unbreakable_(film)) Cast Away (/wiki/Cast_Away) Robert Zemeckis 2002 About a Boy (/wiki/About_a_Boy_(film)) Chris Weitz (/wiki/Chris_Weitz) Paul Weitz (/wiki/Paul_Weitz_(filmmaker)) 2003 Love Actually (/wiki/Love_Actually) Richard Curtis (/wiki/Richard_Curtis) 2004 The Polar Express (/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)) Robert Zemeckis 2005 War of the Worlds (/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(2005_film)) Steven Spielberg Munich (/wiki/Munich_(2005_film)) 2008 The Spiderwick Chronicles (/wiki/The_Spiderwick_Chronicles_(film)) Mark Waters (/wiki/Mark_Waters) Valkyrie (/wiki/Valkyrie_(film)) Bryan Singer (/wiki/Bryan_Singer) 2009 The Boat That Rocked (/wiki/The_Boat_That_Rocked) Richard Curtis 2011 War Horse (/wiki/War_Horse_(film)) Steven Spielberg 2012 Lincoln (/wiki/Lincoln_(film)) 2013 Jack the Giant Slayer (/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Slayer) Bryan Singer 2015 Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_%E2%80%93_Rogue_Nation) Christopher McQuarrie (/wiki/Christopher_McQuarrie) The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E._(film)) Guy Ritchie (/wiki/Guy_Ritchie) 2016 The BFG (/wiki/The_BFG_(2016_film)) Steven Spielberg Allied (/wiki/Allied_(film)) Robert Zemeckis 2018 Welcome to Marwen (/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen) 2020 The Witches (/wiki/The_Witches_(2020_film)) 2022 Jurassic World Dominion (/wiki/Jurassic_World_Dominion) Colin Trevorrow (/wiki/Colin_Trevorrow) 2023 Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dial_of_Destiny) James Mangold (/wiki/James_Mangold) 2024 Here (/wiki/Here_(2024_film)) Robert Zemeckis Post-production References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-test_1-0) [1] (http://www.cinema.com/people/004/164/joanna-johnston/index.phtml) , additional text. ^ (#cite_ref-imdb_2-0) [2] (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0426693/) , additional text. External links [ edit ] Joanna Johnston (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0426693/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/72465415) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhTrQGhJtqrKXyBHhJXd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/129198668) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2017059440) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐9cp4m Cached time: 20240721130212 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.251 seconds Real time usage: 0.391 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 965/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64072/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15694/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14142/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.155/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2893046/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 346.013 1 -total 43.10% 149.120 4 Template:Ambox 31.70% 109.684 1 Template:Short_description 27.93% 96.634 1 Template:Authority_control 27.43% 94.922 1 Template:Multiple_issues 16.38% 56.676 1 Template:Notability 11.42% 39.515 2 Template:Pagetype 8.96% 30.989 1 Template:IMDb_name 7.92% 27.416 7 Template:Main_other 6.03% 20.856 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31948548-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721130212 and revision id 1214320579. 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Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angel) 2009 Victoria's Secrets 2009 Angels Campaign (left to right in each row) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) , Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) , and Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) . Also included for the brand Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) , Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) , Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) , and Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) . The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) is an annual fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) sponsored by Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , a brand of lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models (/wiki/Fashion_model) , such as current Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angel) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) , Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) , and Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) . Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) , Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) , Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) , and Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) were also featured. Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) was absent this year due to her pregnancy. Adriana gave birth to her daughter 4 days before to the show. The 14th fashion show featured some of the new Angels and also the returning Angels. There was a special performance by The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) , and the show was hosted by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) . Dates Locations Broadcaster Viewers (millions) Host Performers Previous Next November 19, 2009 (recorded), December 1, 2009 (aired) Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City CBS 8.3 Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) 2008 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2008) 2010 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2010) Fashion show segments [ edit ] Segment 1: Star Trooper [ edit ] Artist Song Status The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) " Boom Boom Pow (/wiki/Boom_Boom_Pow) " Live Performance Nationality Model Wings Runway Shows Notes Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) W 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Australian (/wiki/Australians) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) 2006–2009 • 2011–2012 3 Angel (2007–2013) Belarusian (/wiki/Belarusians) Maryna Linchuk (/wiki/Maryna_Linchuk) W 2008–2011 • 2013 Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) 2005–2006 • 2009 Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) Liu Wen (/wiki/Liu_Wen_(model)) W 2009–2012 • 2016–2018 Newcomer South African (/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 Featured Australian (/wiki/Australians) Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) 2008–2009 Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) W 2005–2010 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) American (/wiki/Americans) Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) 2008–2013 Featured Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) W 2009–2011 Newcomer Segment 2: All Aboard [ edit ] Artist Song Status Kadoc "The Nighttrain" Remixed Recording Kings of Leon (/wiki/Kings_of_Leon) " Sex on Fire (/wiki/Sex_on_Fire) " Remixed Recording The Police (/wiki/The_Police) " Message in a Bottle (/wiki/Message_in_a_Bottle_(The_Police_song)) " Remixed Recording Nationality Model Wings Runway Shows Notes Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) W 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 3 Angel (2008–2014) American (/wiki/Americans) Chanel Iman (/wiki/Chanel_Iman) 2009–2011 Newcomer German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Lithuanian (/wiki/Lithuanians) Edita Vilkevičiūtė (/wiki/Edita_Vilkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97) 2008–2010 Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) 2003 • 2005 • 2007–2010 • 2012 • 2014 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Americans (/wiki/Americans) Sessilee Lopez (/wiki/Sessilee_Lopez) 2008–2009 Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) 2007-2009 3 Angel (2007–2009) Wearing "Harlequin Fantasy Bra" (Value: $3,000,000) Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 American (/wiki/Americans) Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) 2007–2014 Featured Senegalese (/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal) Aminata Niaria (/w/index.php?title=Aminata_Niaria&action=edit&redlink=1) 2009 Newcomer British (/wiki/British_people) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) 2006–2010 Featured Segment 3: PINK Planet [ edit ] Artist Song Status Kings of Leon (/wiki/Kings_of_Leon) " Use Somebody (/wiki/Use_Somebody) " Remixed Recording The Four Tops (/wiki/The_Four_Tops) " It's The Same Old Song (/wiki/It%27s_The_Same_Old_Song) " Remixed Recording Nationality Model Wings Runway Shows Notes Namibian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Namibia) Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) W 2007–2015 • 2018 3 Angel (2009–present) • P Spokesmodel (2008-2011) South African (/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 Featured Hungarian (/wiki/Hungarians) Enikő Mihalik (/wiki/Enik%C5%91_Mihalik) 2009 • 2014 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Anastasia Kuznetsova 2009 Americans (/wiki/Americans) Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) W 2008–2013 Featured Lyndsey Scott (/wiki/Lyndsey_Scott) 2009 Newcomer Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) 2009–2017 Australian (/wiki/Australians) Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) 2008–2009 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Dorothea Barth Jörgensen (/wiki/Dorothea_Barth_J%C3%B6rgensen) 2009 • 2012 Newcomers Australian (/wiki/Australians) Elyse Taylor (/wiki/Elyse_Taylor) 2009 Americans (/wiki/Americans) Chanel Iman (/wiki/Chanel_Iman) 2009–2011 Shannan Click (/wiki/Shannan_Click) 2008–2011 Special Performance [ edit ] Artist Song Status The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) " Meet Me Halfway (/wiki/Meet_Me_Halfway) " Live Performance Segment 4: Enchanted Forest [ edit ] Artist Song Status The Script (/wiki/The_Script) " The Man Who Can't Be Moved (/wiki/The_Man_Who_Can%27t_Be_Moved) " Remixed Recording Nationality Model Wings Runway Shows Notes German (/wiki/Germans) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) 1997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009 1 Angel (1999–2010) Last Walk British (/wiki/British_people) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) 2006–2010 Featured Australian (/wiki/Australians) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) W 2006–2009 • 2011–2012 3 Angel (2007–2012) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 3 Angel (2008–2014) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) W 2005–2016 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) Lithuanian (/wiki/Lithuanians) Edita Vilkevičiūtė (/wiki/Edita_Vilkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97) 2008–2010 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) 2009–2011 Newcomer South Africa (/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) W 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 Featurettes American (/wiki/Americans) Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) 2007–2014 Australian (/wiki/Australians) Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) W 2008–2009 Russian (/wiki/Russians) Tatiana Kovylina (/wiki/Tatiana_Kovylina) 2005 • 2009 Comebacks Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) W 2005–2006 • 2009 Segment 5: Romantic Journey [ edit ] Artist Song Status Leona Lewis (/wiki/Leona_Lewis) " Happy (/wiki/Happy_(Leona_Lewis_song)) " Remixed Recording Nationality Model Wings Runway Shows Notes American (/wiki/Americans) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) W 2007–2009 3 Angel (2007–2009) Last walk Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) 2003 • 2005 • 2007–2010 • 2012 • 2014 German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Belarusian (/wiki/Belarusians) Maryna Linchuk (/wiki/Maryna_Linchuk) 2008–2011 • 2013 Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Anna Jagodzińska (/wiki/Anna_Jagodzi%C5%84ska) 2009 Newcomer Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) 2005–2010 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) Americans (/wiki/Americans) Sessilee Lopez (/wiki/Sessilee_Lopez) 2008–2009 Jamie Lee Darley (/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Darley) 2009 (Angel Hunt Runner-Up) • walk edited out of broadcast. Kylie Bisutti (/wiki/Kylie_Bisutti) 2009 (Angel Hunt Winner) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Senegalese (/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal) Aminata Niaria (/w/index.php?title=Anaham_Dell&action=edit&redlink=1) 2009 Newcomer Australian (/wiki/Australians) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) W 2006–2009 • 2011–2012 3 Angel (2007–2012) British (/wiki/British_people) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) W 2006–2010 Featured Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) W 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) W 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 3 Angel (2008–2014) Finale [ edit ] Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) and Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) led the finale. Index [ edit ] Symbol Meaning 1 1st Generation Angels 2 2nd Generation Angels 3 3rd Generation Angels P PINK Spokesmodel W Wings External links [ edit ] VSFS 2009 Gallery (http://vsholic.com/gallery/2009/) The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2009 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnDSmr1uWJ4/) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) 2001 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2001) 2002 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2002) 2003 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2003) 2005 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2005) 2006 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2006) 2007 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2007) 2008 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2008) 2009 2010 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2010) 2011 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2011) 2012 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) 2015 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2015) 2016 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2018) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐sdbzs Cached time: 20240713075627 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.330 seconds Real time usage: 0.420 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10760/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 69254/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14920/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9385/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.099/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1253269/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 290.170 1 -total 57.11% 165.720 65 Template:Flagicon 25.98% 75.393 1 Template:Victoria's_Secret_Fashion_Shows 25.25% 73.270 1 Template:Navbox 8.23% 23.875 1 Template:Multiple_image 7.65% 22.195 65 Template:Flag_icon/core 5.52% 16.022 65 Template:Yesno-no 4.20% 12.190 15 Template:Country_data_USA 3.73% 10.829 65 Template:Yesno 3.55% 10.291 2 Template:Dts Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39047617-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713075627 and revision id 1216005601. 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South Korean-American rapper (born 1998) In this Korean name (/wiki/Korean_name) , the family name is Chwe (/wiki/Choi_(Korean_surname)) . Vernon Vernon in November 2021 Born Hansol Vernon Chwe ( 1998-02-18 ) February 18, 1998 (age 26) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States Nationality Korean American Occupations singer dancer songwriter Musical career Genres K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) Instrument(s) Vocals Years active 2015–present Labels Pledis (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) Member of Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) Musical artist Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 최한솔 Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Choe Hansol McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Ch'oe Hansol Stage name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 버논 Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Beonon McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Pŏnon Signature Hansol Vernon Chwe ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 최한솔 ; born February 18, 1998), professionally known mononymously (/wiki/Mononym) as Vernon (Korean: 버논 ), is a South Korean-American singer, rapper and dancer. Managed by Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) , he is a member of the idol group (/wiki/Korean_idol) Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Vernon released his first solo mixtape, Black Eye , on December 27, 2022. [2] (#cite_note-2) Aside from his work with Seventeen and for himself, he has written and produced music with and for other artists such as Jamie (/wiki/Jamie_(singer)) , Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) , and Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) . Early life [ edit ] Chwe Han-sol was born in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States, to a Korean father and an American mother. At the age of five, he moved with his family to Hongdae (/wiki/Hongdae_(area)) , South Korea. He attended Changcheon Middle School but later opted for homeschooling with his parents after being scouted by Pledis, in order to focus on his training. [3] (#cite_note-teenvogue-3) His stage name comes from his middle name, Vernon, which is also his mother's maiden name (/wiki/Maiden_name) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Both his parents are artists. [5] (#cite_note-weverse-5) Career [ edit ] 2012–2014: Pre-debut [ edit ] Chwe joined Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) in 2012, after being scouted on the street, and received training for the next three years. Beginning in 2013, he participated in Seventeen TV (/wiki/Seventeen_TV) , an online reality show that introduced Pledis' trainees and showed potential members of the boy group Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) before their official debut. The show was broadcast periodically on Ustream (/wiki/Ustream) , where the trainees showed themselves training, singing, creating choreographies, and playing games. [6] (#cite_note-6) The online show also included participation in concerts, such as Like Seventeen. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Before his official debut as an idol, Chwe made multiple appearances on South Korean television, including Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation) 's Hello Stranger! (/w/index.php?title=Hello_Stranger!&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ko (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A1%9C!_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%A9%EC%9D%B8) ] , a program about foreigners in South Korea, [9] (#cite_note-9) and Song Eun-i (/wiki/Song_Eun-i) 's Eye to Eye , where he appeared as an elementary school student who was an expert in dating. [10] (#cite_note-10) 2015–present: Seventeen and solo activities [ edit ] In 2015, Vernon debuted as a member of the South Korean boy group Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) with the extended play (/wiki/Extended_play) 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) on May 26, on which he contributed to lyrics for four out of the five songs. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Since debuting, Vernon has participated in the songwriting of over 90 songs, making him the Seventeen member with the second-most writing credits after Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) . [13] (#cite_note-komca-13) In November 2021, Vernon released his first solo track since 2015, titled "Bands Boy", written by himself. [14] (#cite_note-14) In February 2022, English singer Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) reached out to Vernon on X (formerly Twitter) (/wiki/X_(formerly_Twitter)) to collaborate on a remix for " Beg for You (/wiki/Beg_for_You) ". The remix was released February 26, 2022, with a review from Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) ' s Steffanee Wang describing Vernon's verse as a "grand slam", with "heavy distortion before his silvery falsetto breaks through the digital veil". [15] (#cite_note-15) In December 2022 it was announced that Vernon would release the third mixtape for Seventeen's The Thirteen Tapes series: a self-composed and self-written single titled "Black Eye". It was released on December 23, 2022. [16] (#cite_note-16) In July 2023, Vernon, alongside bandmate Joshua (/wiki/Joshua_Hong) , hosted an Apple Music 1 (/wiki/Apple_Music_1) summer themed radio show titled Summer Vacation With Joshua and Vernon of Seventeen. [17] (#cite_note-17) He later joined Blink-182 (/wiki/Blink-182) 's Mark Hoppus (/wiki/Mark_Hoppus) ' own Apple Music show After School Radio for episode 169. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2024, Vernon was promoted to a regular member of the Korean Music Copyright Association ( KOMCA (/wiki/KOMCA) ). [19] (#cite_note-19) Artistry and image [ edit ] Influences and musical style [ edit ] Vernon has cited many influences throughout his career. Key punk rock (/wiki/Punk_rock) influences include American band Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) and Canadian singer Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne) , [20] (#cite_note-20) which have manifested in songs he has produced, such as Seventeen's "2 MINUS 1" and his own "Black Eye". [21] (#cite_note-rollingstone-21) He has also indicated interest in hyperpop (/wiki/Hyperpop) and experimental pop (/wiki/Experimental_pop) , many times crediting British singer Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) as an influence, [22] (#cite_note-22) [5] (#cite_note-weverse-5) specifically for Seventeen's track "Gam3 Bo1". [3] (#cite_note-teenvogue-3) He has also indicated he is a fan of Bladee (/wiki/Bladee) , 100 gecs (/wiki/100_gecs) , and The Kid Laroi (/wiki/The_Kid_Laroi) . [5] (#cite_note-weverse-5) [23] (#cite_note-23) Fashion [ edit ] In 2023, Vernon was announced as the first global ambassador for French fashion house Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) . [24] (#cite_note-24) Since the announcement, Vernon has attended multiple shows for the brand at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) [25] (#cite_note-25) and was the face of the brand's FW23 campaign. [26] (#cite_note-26) Discography [ edit ] For Vernon's discography with Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) , see Seventeen discography (/wiki/Seventeen_discography) . Singles and collaborations [ edit ] Title Lead Artist Year Peak chart positions Sales Album KOR (/wiki/Circle_Digital_Chart) "Bucket List" Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) 2015 — — Good Life "Lotto" Featuring Don Mills (Produced by Gonzo) Vernon — — Non-album singles "Q&A" (With S.Coups (/wiki/S.Coups) and Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) ) Ailee (/wiki/Ailee) 58 78,463 [27] (#cite_note-27) "Sickness" With Eunwoo (/wiki/Eunwoo) Vernon 2018 — — "Bumaye (Remix)" Featuring Bizzy and Vernon Drunken Tiger (/wiki/Drunken_Tiger) — — Drunken Tiger X: Rebirth of Tiger JK "Bands Boy" Vernon 2021 — — Non-album singles " Beg for You (/wiki/Beg_for_You) " Featuring Rina Sawayama (/wiki/Rina_Sawayama) ( A. G. Cook (/wiki/A._G._Cook) and Vernon of Seventeen Remix) Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) 2022 — — "Wrecker" Omega Sapien — — Wuga "Black Eye" Vernon — — Non-album single "Miss You" Featuring Vernon and KM (sic)boy 2023 — — Hollow "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. Composition credits [ edit ] All credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association (/wiki/Korea_Music_Copyright_Association) unless stated otherwise. [13] (#cite_note-komca-13) Year Artist Song Album Lyrics Music Credited With Credited With 2015 Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) Shining Diamond 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) Kim Min-jeong, S.Coups (/wiki/S.Coups) , Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) — Adore U Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) , S.Coups, Woozi — Ah Yeah S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Jam Jam Woozi, Dino, Hoshi (/wiki/Hoshi_(South_Korean_singer)) — Vernon Lotto Non-album single Don Mills — Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) Bucket List Good Life Bumzu — Seventeen Fronting Boys Be (/wiki/Boys_Be_(EP)) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Mansae Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Rock S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo — Seventeen and Ailee (/wiki/Ailee) Q AND A Non-album singles S.Coups, Woozi — Vernon Sickness (FEAT.PLEDIS GIRLS) — — Seventeen Chuck Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Dino, Mingyu — Still Lonely Woozi, Wonwoo, Hoshi, Seungkwan (/wiki/Seungkwan) — Pretty U Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Seungkwan — Hit Song Bumzu, S.Coups, Dino, Mingyu — Adore U (Vocal Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, DK, Seungkwan — Monday to Saturday (Hiphop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi Shining Diamond (Performance Team) Kim Min-jeong, S.Coups, Woozi — Love Letter S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — 2016 No F.U.N Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) - Repackage Album S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Dino, Hoshi, Seungkwan} — Very Nice Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Healing S.Coups, Woozi, Dino, Mingyu — Space Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Boom Boom Going Seventeen (/wiki/Going_Seventeen) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Lean On Me Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Fast Pace S.Coups, Woozi, Hoshi — I Don't Know S.Coups, Woozi — 2017 IF I (Hiphop Team) Al1 (/wiki/Al1) S.Coups, Mingyu — Crazy in Love Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Mingyu — Check In (Remastering) (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Swimming Fool Bumzu, Woozi, Dino — Without You Teen, Age (/wiki/Teen,_Age) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Dino, Hoshi, Mingyu, DK, The8 (/wiki/The8) , Jeonghan — Trauma (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu Campfire Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu, DK, Seungkwan, The8, Jeonghan — Rocket Woozi, Nathan, Joshua (/wiki/Joshua_Hong) Bumzu, Woozi, Nathan Bring It Woozi, Hoshi — 2018 Thinkin' About You Director's Cut (/wiki/Teen,_Age) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo — MMO (Hiphop Team) Non-album singles S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Joker (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Un Haeng Il Chi (언행일치 / 言行一致) (Hiphop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — What's the Problem (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Oh My! You Make My Day (/wiki/You_Make_My_Day) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi — Holiday Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon Woozi, Bumzu, Park Ki-tae What's Good (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Our dawn is hotter than day Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — A-TEEN A-Teen (/wiki/A-Teen) OST Part 3 Bumzu, Woozi, Dino — Jimin Park (/wiki/Jamie_(singer)) PUTP (전화받아) (feat. Kino (/wiki/Kino_(entertainer)) , Woodz (/wiki/Woodz) , Nathan) jiminxjamie Woodz (/wiki/Woodz) , Nathan, Kino (/wiki/Kino_(singer)) , Jimin Park (/wiki/Jamie_(singer)) Woodz, Nathan, Kino, Park Jimin Drunken Tiger (/wiki/Drunken_Tiger) Bumaye (Remix) (feat. Bizzy, Vernon of Seventeen) Drunken Tiger X : Rebirth Of Tiger JK Bumzu, Woozi, Dino — Seventeen Chilli (Hiphop Team) You Made My Dawn (/wiki/You_Made_My_Dawn) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu, Pop Time Getting Closer Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi — 2019 Tobi Lou (/wiki/Tobi_Lou) Looped Up (feat. Vernon) Live on Ice TBD TBD Seventeen Hit An Ode (/wiki/An_Ode) Bumzu, Woozi — Lie Again Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon, Mingyu — 독: Fear Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon — Let Me Hear You Say Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon, Mingyu — Second Life — Bumzu, Woozi Network Love Bumzu, Woozi, The8 — Back It Up (Hiphop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Lucky Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon, Mingyu, Seungkwan — Snap Shoot Woozi, Bumzu, Vernon, Mingyu — 2020 Fearless Heng:garæ (/wiki/Heng:gar%C3%A6) Bumzu, Woozi — Left And Right Bumzu, Woozi — My My Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi Bumzu, Woozi Kidult Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi — Home Run Semicolon (/wiki/Semicolon_(EP)) Bumzu, Woozi, Seungkwan — Do Re Mi (Seungkwan, Vernon and Dino) Bumzu, Woozi, Dino, Seungkwan — All My Love Bumzu, Woozi, Seungkwan — 2021 GAM3 BO1 (Hiphop Team) Your Choice (/wiki/Your_Choice) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — Rock with you Attacca (/wiki/Attacca_(EP)) Bumzu, Kim In-hyeong, Woozi, Joshua, Tim Tan, Jordan Witzigreuter, Cameron Walker-Wright — Crush Bumzu, Woozi, Maggiani Aris Andreas, Hoveyda Analise Nika — I can't run away (Hiphop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu, Woozi, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Mingyu, Lee Min-gyu 2 Minus 1 Bumzu, Joshua Bumzu, Woozi, Joshua, Heyfarmer Vernon Bands Boy Non-album singles — Cribs 1, Cribs 2 2022 Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) Beg for You (/wiki/Beg_for_You) ( A. G. Cook (/wiki/A._G._Cook) and Vernon of Seventeen Remix) (feat Rina Sawayama (/wiki/Rina_Sawayama) ) Charlotte Aitchison, Rina Sawayama, Roland Spreckley, Nicholas Gale (/wiki/Nicholas_Gale) , Sorana Păcurar (/wiki/Sorana_P%C4%83curar) , Alexander Soifer, Jonas von der Burg, Niclas von der Burg, Anoo Bhagavan, Bumzu Charlotte Aitchison, Rina Sawayama, Roland Spreckley, Nicholas Gale, Sorana Păcurar, Alexander Soifer, Jonas von der Burg, Niclas von der Burg, Anoo Bhagavan, Bumzu Omega Sapien Wrecker Wuga Omega Sapien, Rodrigues Harry Omega Sapien, Rodrigues Harry Seventeen Ash Face the Sun (/wiki/Face_the_Sun) Bumzu, Woozi, Woo Chang-seong, Lee Nicholas David, Palmer Kyan Bumzu, Woozi, Woo Chang-seong, Lee Nicholas David, Palmer Kyan _WORLD Sector 17 (/wiki/Sector_17) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Melanie Joy Fontana (/wiki/Melanie_Joy_Fontana) , Michel "Lindgren" Schulz — Cheers (Seventeen Leaders) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Hoshi Bumzu, Woozi, Mingyu Vernon Black Eye Non-album single Robb Roy Ohway!, Robb Roy, Hong Hoon-ki 2023 Seventeen Super (/wiki/Super_(Seventeen_song)) FML (/wiki/FML_(EP)) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi — Fire (Hiphop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu, Wonwoo (sic)boy Miss You (feat. KM, Vernon) Hollow Robb Roy, (sic)boy Robb Roy, KM, (sic)boy Seventeen God of Music (/wiki/God_of_Music_(song)) Seventeenth Heaven (/wiki/Seventeenth_Heaven) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Mingyu — Diamond Days Bumzu, Jeon Gan-dhi, S.Coups, Woozi — Monster (Hiphop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu Bumzu 2024 LALALI (Hiphop Team) 17 Is Right Here (/wiki/17_Is_Right_Here) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Mingyu — References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Seventeen Profile (Pledis)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20240117031303/https://www.pledis.co.kr/en/artist/detail/seventeen/profile/) . Archived from the original (https://www.pledis.co.kr/en/artist/detail/seventeen/profile/) on January 17, 2024 . Retrieved January 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Suacillo, Angela Patricia (December 27, 2022). "SEVENTEEN's Vernon unveils rebellious solo mixtape track 'Black Eye' (https://www.nme.com/news/music/seventeen-vernon-plans-debut-solo-mixtape-3367921) " (https://www.nme.com/news/music/seventeen-vernon-plans-debut-solo-mixtape-3367921) . NME . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081308/https://www.nme.com/news/music/seventeen-vernon-plans-debut-solo-mixtape-3367921) from the original on April 18, 2024 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hyun Kim, Michelle (March 7, 2022). "The Ever-Expanding World of SEVENTEEN's Vernon" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/vernon-seventeen-talks-charli-xcx-hidden-messages-vulnerability-interview) . Teen Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240502150642/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/vernon-seventeen-talks-charli-xcx-hidden-messages-vulnerability-interview) from the original on May 2, 2024 . 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Hall of Fame Magazine . Archived from the original (https://www.hofmag.com/seventeen-vernon-fumbles-with-english-fans-amused-with-his-korenglish/208619) on May 18, 2017 . Retrieved February 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "세븐틴 세 번째 콘스트, 다양한 무대로 팬들 매료" (http://hei.hankyung.com/hub02/201311263531q) [Seventeen's third concert, captivated fans with various stages]. HEI (in Korean). November 23, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160315150533/http://hei.hankyung.com/hub02/201311263531q) from the original on March 15, 2016 . Retrieved February 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "세븐틴, 데뷔전 마지막 콘서트 연다..'최종 점검' (http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) " (http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) [Seventeen, last concert before debut revealed...'the final check']. Osen (in Korean). August 12, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210123143342/http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) from the original on January 23, 2021 . 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"Seventeen Is Ready for World Domination" (https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/seventeen-k-pop-semicolon-interview) . W Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240409175406/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/seventeen-k-pop-semicolon-interview) from the original on April 9, 2024 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "SEVENTEENTH HEAVEN: VERNON" (https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0goOS9tMT0ixBGupORdaSk) . Spotify . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240509033755/https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0goOS9tMT0ixBGupORdaSk) from the original on May 9, 2024 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Socha, Miles (June 22, 2023). "EXCLUSIVE: Kenzo Signs K-pop Star Vernon From Seventeen" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kenzo-vernon-seventeen-kpop-nigo-ambassador-1235692633/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240509034943/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kenzo-vernon-seventeen-kpop-nigo-ambassador-1235692633/) from the original on May 9, 2024 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Tso, Gloria (June 25, 2023). "SEVENTEEN's Vernon, Eric Nam And Symphonic 'City Pop' At KENZO Spring/Summer 2024" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/fashion/seventeens-vernon-eric-nam-and-symphonic-city-pop-at-kenzo-spring-summer-2024) . Harper's Bazaar Singapore . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240509143955/https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/fashion/seventeens-vernon-eric-nam-and-symphonic-city-pop-at-kenzo-spring-summer-2024) from the original on May 9, 2024 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Brain, Eric (August 30, 2023). "VERNON From SEVENTEEN Is The Face of KENZO" (https://culted.com/kenzo-fall-winter-2023-campaign-vernon-seventeen-nigo/) . Culted . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231004033231/https://culted.com/kenzo-fall-winter-2023-campaign-vernon-seventeen-nigo/) from the original on October 4, 2023 . Retrieved May 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Cumulative sales of "Q&A": "Gaon Download Chart November 29 – December 5, 2015" (http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=50&hitYear=2015&termGbn=week) . Gaon Music Chart . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205712/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=50&hitYear=2015&termGbn=week) from the original on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved December 10, 2015 . "Gaon Download Chart December 6 – 12, 2015" (http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=51&hitYear=2015&termGbn=week) . Gaon Music Chart . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170314063913/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=51&hitYear=2015&termGbn=week) from the original on March 14, 2017 . Retrieved December 16, 2015 . v t e Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) S.Coups (/wiki/S.Coups) Jeonghan Joshua (/wiki/Joshua_Hong) Jun (/wiki/Wen_Junhui) Hoshi (/wiki/Hoshi_(South_Korean_singer)) Wonwoo (/wiki/Wonwoo) Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) DK (/wiki/DK_(singer)) Mingyu (/wiki/Mingyu_(rapper)) The8 (/wiki/The8) Seungkwan (/wiki/Seungkwan) Vernon Dino Studio albums Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) Teen, Age (/wiki/Teen,_Age) An Ode (/wiki/An_Ode) Face the Sun (/wiki/Face_the_Sun) Compilation albums Always Yours (/wiki/Always_Yours_(album)) 17 Is Right Here (/wiki/17_Is_Right_Here) Extended plays Korean 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) Boys Be (/wiki/Boys_Be_(EP)) Going Seventeen (/wiki/Going_Seventeen) Al1 (/wiki/Al1) You Make My Day (/wiki/You_Make_My_Day) You Made My Dawn (/wiki/You_Made_My_Dawn) Heng:garæ (/wiki/Heng:gar%C3%A6) Semicolon (/wiki/Semicolon_(EP)) Your Choice (/wiki/Your_Choice) Attacca (/wiki/Attacca_(EP)) FML (/wiki/FML_(EP)) Seventeenth Heaven (/wiki/Seventeenth_Heaven) Japanese We Make You (/wiki/We_Make_You) 24H (/wiki/24H_(EP)) Dream (/wiki/Dream_(Seventeen_EP)) Singles " Very Nice (/wiki/Very_Nice) " " Don't Wanna Cry (/wiki/Don%27t_Wanna_Cry_(Seventeen_song)) " " Left & Right (/wiki/Left_%26_Right_(Seventeen_song)) " " Rock with You (/wiki/Rock_with_You_(Seventeen_song)) " " Darl+ing (/wiki/Darl%2Bing) " " Hot (/wiki/Hot_(Seventeen_song)) " " Super (/wiki/Super_(Seventeen_song)) " " God of Music (/wiki/God_of_Music_(song)) " " Maestro (/wiki/Maestro_(Seventeen_song)) " Record companies Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) Geffen Records (/wiki/Geffen_Records) Universal (/wiki/Universal_Music_Group) Related topics Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) Seventeen TV (/wiki/Seventeen_TV) Going Seventeen (web series) (/wiki/Going_Seventeen_(web_series)) BSS (/wiki/BSS_(band)) Second Wind (/wiki/Second_Wind_(single_album)) " Fighting (/wiki/Fighting_(BSS_song)) " JxW This Man (/wiki/This_Man_(single_album)) Discography (/wiki/Seventeen_discography) Videography (/wiki/Seventeen_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Seventeen) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Seventeen_live_performances) v t e Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) Discography (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment_discography) Recording artists Solo Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) (producer) Baekho (/wiki/Baekho_(singer)) Minhyun (/wiki/Hwang_Min-hyun) Group After School (/wiki/After_School_(group)) (inactive) Orange Caramel (/wiki/Orange_Caramel) Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) BSS (/wiki/BSS_(band)) Fromis 9 (/wiki/Fromis_9) TWS (/wiki/TWS_(group)) Actors / actresses Nana (/wiki/Nana_(entertainer)) Former artists Son Dam-bi (/wiki/Son_Dam-bi) Soyoung (/wiki/Yoo_So-young) Bekah Kahi (/wiki/Kahi_(singer)) Jooyeon (/wiki/Lee_Jooyeon) Jung Ah (/wiki/Kim_Jungah) Uee (/wiki/Uee) Lizzy (/wiki/Park_Soo-ah) Raina (/wiki/Raina_(singer)) Hello Venus (/wiki/Hello_Venus) Alice 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Indonesian fashion designer (born 1981) Auguste Soesastro Born ( 1981-08-10 ) August 10, 1981 (age 42) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , Republic of Indonesia Nationality Indonesian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia) Education University of Sydney (/wiki/University_of_Sydney) ; Australian National University (/wiki/Australian_National_University) ; École de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne (/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_la_chambre_syndicale_de_la_couture_parisienne) , Paris Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Label Kraton Auguste Soesastro is a fashion designer. Early life and education [ edit ] Soesastro was born in Jakarta on August 10, 1981. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) His father was Hadi Soesastro (/wiki/Hadi_Soesastro) , a leading Indonesian economist. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) Soesastro lived ten years in Canberra (/wiki/Canberra) , Australia, where he originally moved in order to attend high school. [2] (#cite_note-jfw-2) [3] (#cite_note-hamdani-3) On his father's recommendation, he studied architecture at the University of Sydney (/wiki/University_of_Sydney) , and also attended the Australian National University (/wiki/Australian_National_University) where he gained a degree in film and digital arts. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) In addition to his studies, for his last year in Australia Soesastro worked at the National Gallery of Australia (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia) as a junior curator of Indonesian art, specialising in South-Eastern Asian textiles and ethnographic arts. [2] (#cite_note-jfw-2) [4] (#cite_note-whiteboard-4) Afterwards, he studied fashion design at the École de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) in Paris, then moved back to New York, where he spent his early childhood, to work as an assistant pattern-maker for Ralph Rucci (/wiki/Ralph_Rucci) for three months. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) Career [ edit ] In 2008 Soesastro launched his first fashion line in New York, a couture and bespoke brand titled Kraton (Indonesian for "palace"). [3] (#cite_note-hamdani-3) He debuted at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in February 2009. [3] (#cite_note-hamdani-3) [5] (#cite_note-kamana-5) After his father's death in 2010, Soesastro moved himself and his business to Jakarta. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) His ready-to-wear line Kromo , was launched in 2012. [1] (#cite_note-triwik-1) Soesastro, was invited to the Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) to show some of his designs to the U.S. President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) and his First Lady (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) during their state visit to Jakarta (/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2010#November) on 9 November 2010. [6] (#cite_note-6) Soesastro describes himself as an environmentalist (/wiki/Environmentalist) who insists on only using biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradable) natural textiles in his clothing, such as pineapple (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a) and water hyacinth (/wiki/Eichhornia_crassipes) cloths. [7] (#cite_note-finish-7) He has said 'I think it's very important to be an advocate of the environment because I think the way we live is not sustainable enough.' [4] (#cite_note-whiteboard-4) His designs prominently feature locally made Indonesian textiles, including batik (/wiki/Batik) , handwoven and ikat textiles. He has been described as 'one of Indonesia's upstream-downstream industries that we should really support.' [3] (#cite_note-hamdani-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) He makes a point to keep up with his suppliers, checking that they observe the principles of fair trade (/wiki/Fair_trade) and ecological sustainability, saying 'It's important to make clothes with good karma, and good karma starts from the fibers.' [3] (#cite_note-hamdani-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Kurniasari, Triwik (15 April 2012). "Auguste Soesastro - A designer with attitude" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/15/auguste-soesastro-a-designer-with-attitude.html) . The Jakarta Post . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ a b "AUGUSTE SOESASTRO profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120605230511/http://www.jakartafashionweek.co.id/2012/en/designer/auguste.soesastro/001/004/282) . Jakarta Fashion Week. 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.jakartafashionweek.co.id/2012/en/designer/auguste.soesastro/001/004/282) on 5 June 2012 . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ a b c d e Hamdani, Sylviana (19 June 2011). "Recalling Java's Past in a Line Fit for Royalty" (https://archive.today/20140523120120/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/recalling-javas-past-in-a-line-fit-for-royalty/447779/) . Jakarta Globe . Archived from the original (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/recalling-javas-past-in-a-line-fit-for-royalty/447779/) on 23 May 2014 . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ a b "A Fashion Standard with Auguste Soesastro" (http://whiteboardjournal.com/interview/10838/a-fashion-standard-with-auguste-soesastro/) . Whiteboard Journal . 9 April 2013 . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-kamana_5-0) Shrestha, Kamana (15 July 2012). "The Sunday Profile: Auguste Soesastro, Fashion Designer" (https://archive.today/20140523120040/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/the-sunday-profile-auguste-soesastro-fashion-designer/530568/) . Jakarta Globe . Archived from the original (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/the-sunday-profile-auguste-soesastro-fashion-designer/530568/) on 23 May 2014 . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Work of Three Designers JFW 10/11 for First Lady" (http://www.jakartafashionweek.co.id/en/content/news/the.work.of.three.designers.jfw.1011.for.first.lady/001/002/94) . Jakarta Fashion Week . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-finish_7-0) Hamdani, Sylviana (20 November 2011). "Jakarta Fashion Week Struts Over the Finish Line" (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/jakarta-fashion-week-struts-over-the-finish-line/) . Jakarta Globe . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hamdani, Sylviana (1 March 2013). "Two Young Designers in One Exceptional Show" (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/two-young-designers-in-one-exceptional-show/) . Jakarta Post . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . 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This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( September 2017 ) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:FEIT) . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) FEIT Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 2005 Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , US Key people Tull (/wiki/Tull_Price) and Josh Price (Founders) Website www.feitdirect.com/ (http://www.feitdirect.com/) FEIT ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) f aɪ t / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ) is a shoe and accessories brand based in New York City. Founded in 2005, it is owned and operated by brothers Tull (/wiki/Tull_Price) and Josh Price. [1] (#cite_note-1) FEIT products are handmade (/wiki/Handicraft) using natural materials. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Tull Price (/wiki/Tull_Price) became interested in sneakers at an early age and founded Royal Elastics (/wiki/Royal_Elastics) , [4] (#cite_note-4) as well as the footwear division of rag & bone (/wiki/Rag_%26_bone) . [5] (#cite_note-5) His brother Josh was a DJ (/wiki/DJ) in Australia at the time and became involved in Royal Elastics by hosting parties in New York and Sydney. [6] (#cite_note-info-6) The brothers opened their first store in Sydney in 2006, and a second store in the Nolita (/wiki/Nolita) area of New York in November 2014. Their second New York City store opened September 2015 in the West Village (/wiki/West_Village) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The brand is now based in NYC. [6] (#cite_note-info-6) Store design [ edit ] FEIT's first New York City location is across the street from The New Museum (/wiki/The_New_Museum) and was designed by installation artist Jordana Maisie Goot. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The 500-square foot store is built largely from matte-polyurethaned birch plywood, [10] (#cite_note-10) and has been featured in the design magazine Frame (/wiki/Frame_(design_magazine)) . [11] (#cite_note-11) FEIT's second New York location opened in West Village (/wiki/West_Village) in September 2015, also designed by Goot. [12] (#cite_note-12) According to an article published by The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , the 420-square-foot space features "Large slabs of raw wood float inches apart, from floor to ceiling — with nooks carved out to display the products" and features "an intricate lighting system with white LED lights that allows the store to brighten and dim depending on the time of day and season". [13] (#cite_note-13) In an interview with Goot, Dezeen (/wiki/Dezeen) describes the construction as "similar to the process of shaping leather, the design team used moulds to carve out display shelves from blocks of timber during the 3D-modelling stage. The shelving components, made of Baltic birch plywood, were cut using a computer numerically controlled (/wiki/Numerical_control) (CNC) machine. They were formed into modules and then delivered to the store." [14] (#cite_note-14) Construction [ edit ] FEIT shoes are handmade using biodegradable materials in factories with a low environmental impact that are free of harmful chemicals and synthetic materials. [15] (#cite_note-15) They are hand-stitched without the use of machines to help reduce the amount of waste produced by the factory. [16] (#cite_note-16) Soles include an internal leather midsole, a layer of natural cork (/wiki/Natural_cork) , [17] (#cite_note-17) a buffalo-leather outsole, a rubber shoe tread (/wiki/Shoe_tread) , and a leather strip which encases the sole to the upper. Shoes also include a bamboo shank, buffalo-leather insoles, leather welt, and cotton cording. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) FEIT shoes are primarily made using either Goodyear (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) or stitchdown construction. Biotrainer [ edit ] First released in 2014, the "Bio-Trainer" is an all-natural handmade sneaker. Produced from vegetable-dyed (/wiki/Natural_dye) suede and leather, the sneaker has a natural latex (/wiki/Natural_latex) rubber sole. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) See also [ edit ] Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sneaker brothers take issue with industry excess" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/sneaker-brothers-take-issue-with-industry-excess-20141119-11pzk6.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Feit" (http://www.fashionbeans.com/2015/5-best-handmade-footwear-brands/) . Fashionbeans.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Will You Buy Fashion's New Handcrafted $400 Sneaker?" (http://www.vogue.com/866372/feit-handmade-sneakers-with-soul/) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Brand Story - THE BEGINNING" (http://www.royalelastics.com/pages/brand-story) . royalelastics.com . Retrieved 7 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet the Brains Behind NYC's Coolest New Shoe Shop" (https://www.yahoo.com/style/meet-the-brains-behind-nycs-coolest-new-shoe-shop-103576928748.html) . Yahoo.com . Retrieved 7 December 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Josh Price: FEIT" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205238/https://www.analoguedigital.com.au/josh-price-feit) . analoguedigital.com. Archived from the original (https://www.analoguedigital.com.au/josh-price-feit) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "FEIT Showcases Its Newest Storefront "Volume & Void" (http://hypebeast.com/2015/9/feit-volume-and-void-west-village-store) " (http://hypebeast.com/2015/9/feit-volume-and-void-west-village-store) . Hypebeast.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Jordana Goot's Feit Store Featured in Frame Magazine" (http://sce.parsons.edu/blog/jordana-groots-feit-store-featured-in-frame-magazine/) . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "CRAFTSMANSHIP IN RETAIL SPACE: FEIT NYC" (http://www.indesignlive.com/articles/projects/craftsmanship-in-retail-space-feit#axzz3bweOJdr1) . indesignlive.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Feit, Maker of Handmade Luxury Shoes, Sets Up Shop in NoLIta" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/feit-store-nolita/?_r=1) . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Feit by Jordana Maisie" (http://www.frameweb.com/news/feit-by-jordana-maisie) . Frameweb.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) " (http://www.selectism.com/2015/09/07/volume-void-inside-feits-new-immersive-west-village-shop/) "VOLUME & VOID" – INSIDE FEIT'S NEW IMMERSIVE WEST VILLAGE SHOP" (http://www.selectism.com/2015/09/07/volume-void-inside-feits-new-immersive-west-village-shop/) . Selectism.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "A West Village Space That's Part Store, Part Light Installation" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/03/t-magazine/feit-shoe-store-west-village-new-york.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 23 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Floating timber slabs create layered walls within New York shoe store by Jordana Maisie" (http://www.dezeen.com/2015/09/23/feit-shoe-store-boutique-west-village-new-york-jordana-maisie-timber-slabs/) . Dezeen (/wiki/Dezeen) . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "FEIT Galaxy Trainer" (http://syndicate.details.com/post/feit-galaxy-trainer) . Details.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Feit To Host New York Shoe Drive For Charity" (http://footwearnews.com/2015/fashion/designers/feit-sneakers-charity-new-york-shoe-drive-169071/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "FEIT PNTHA Hi Cork" (http://hypebeast.com/2012/9/feit-pntha-hi-cork) . Hypebeast.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "FEIT Semi-Cordovan 8-Eye Lace Up Boot" (http://hypebeast.com/2015/11/feit-semi-cordovan-8-eye-lace-up-boot) . Hypebeast.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "FEIT Reintroduces a Pair of Sneakers Inspired by the Jordan 1" (http://uk.complex.com/style/2014/06/feit-pntha-inspired-by-the-jordan-1) . Complex.com . Retrieved 9 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "FEIT Reintroduces Its Biotrainer Sneaker in Semi Cordovan Leather" (http://www.complex.com/style/2015/03/feit-footwear-biotrainer-semi-cordovan-spring-summer-2015) . complex.com (/wiki/Complex.com) . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "FEIT Bio Trainer" (http://conceptkicks.com/feit-bio-trainer/) . Conceptkicks.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Sneaker of the Week: Feit Biotrainer" (https://www.gq.com/story/sneaker-of-the-week-feit-biotrainer) . gq.com (/wiki/Gq.com) . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "FEIT Bio Trainer 1" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2014/03/11/feit-bio-trainer-1/) . Highsnobiety.com . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Perrin_Paris&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Perrin+Paris&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Perrin+Paris) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Perrin_Paris) for suggestions. ( February 2019 ) PERRIN PARIS 1893 Industry Fashion Founded 1893 Founder Victor Rigaudy Headquarters Paris , France Area served Europe, and the Americas Key people Michel Perrin (/w/index.php?title=Michel_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1) Sally Perrin (/w/index.php?title=Sally_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1) Chloe Perrin (/w/index.php?title=Chloe_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1) Emmanuelle Perrin (/w/index.php?title=Emmanuelle_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1) Products accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Website www (http://www.perrinparis.com) .perrinparis (http://www.perrinparis.com) .com (http://www.perrinparis.com) PERRIN PARIS is a French leather (/wiki/Leather) accessories brand with shops in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) and Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . [1] (#cite_note-Vogue-1) [2] (#cite_note-latimes-2) [3] (#cite_note-bazaar-3) History [ edit ] PERRIN PARIS was founded in Saint-Junien (/wiki/Saint-Junien) , France (/wiki/France) . In 2009 Perrin Paris opened a boutique in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) , followed by the New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) location on Madison Avenue at the historic Carlyle Hotel (/wiki/Carlyle_Hotel) . The Paris (/wiki/Paris) flagship, located steps away from Place Vendôme, and the Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) shop at the luxurious IFC Mall (/wiki/IFC_Mall_(Hong_Kong)) opened in 2015. Perrin also inaugurated its first shop in Japan in Tokyo G6 Mall. The house's design studio and showroom is based in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_1-0) Clémence Picon, 'La Nouvelle Adresse Parisienne de Perrin', in Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , February 9th, 2015 [1] (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/diaporama/la-nouvelle-adresse-parisienne-de-perrin/18995/carrousel#la-nouvelle-adresse-parisienne-de-perrin) ^ (#cite_ref-latimes_2-0) 'Chic sacks: Perrin Paris' elegant Fall 2010 collection', in The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times) , June 4, 2010 [http://bhlmagazine.com/?p=1604 (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/10/perrin-paris-celebrates-launches-its-new-boutique-with-a-bang.html,) ^ (#cite_ref-bazaar_3-0) Derek Blasberg, 'A Fashionable Life: The Perrins in Paris', in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , December 21, 2010 [2] (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-articles/perrin-family-apartment-interview-0111) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐7h455 Cached time: 20240701060757 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.161 seconds Real time usage: 0.231 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1178/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14630/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1970/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5879/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.085/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2399504/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 198.459 1 -total 53.75% 106.674 1 Template:Infobox_company 48.09% 95.442 1 Template:Infobox 38.17% 75.758 1 Template:Orphan 30.58% 60.696 1 Template:Draft_other 29.46% 58.467 1 Template:Ambox 6.87% 13.627 1 Template:Reflist 4.79% 9.511 1 Template:URL 3.86% 7.662 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 1.28% 2.542 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34240663-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701060757 and revision id 882074267. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perrin_Paris&oldid=882074267 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perrin_Paris&oldid=882074267) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Retail companies established in 1893 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1893) French brands (/wiki/Category:French_brands) Hidden categories: Orphaned articles from February 2019 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_February_2019) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Models from Denmark (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Models_from_Denmark) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐znz5t Cached time: 20240721043318 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.064 seconds Real time usage: 0.087 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2561/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 356/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.036/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946198/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 79.064 1 Template:Commons_cat 100.00% 79.064 1 -total 95.14% 75.224 1 Template:Sister_project 92.74% 73.323 1 Template:Side_box 7.52% 5.946 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4303289-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721043318 and revision id 725810138. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + Danish female models (/wiki/Category:Danish_female_models) (1 C, 57 P) Danish male models (/wiki/Category:Danish_male_models) (7 P) A Danish adult models (/wiki/Category:Danish_adult_models) (1 C) Danish artists' models (/wiki/Category:Danish_artists%27_models) (4 P) C Models from Copenhagen (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Copenhagen) (16 P) L Danish LGBT models (/wiki/Category:Danish_LGBT_models) (4 P) Pages in category "Danish models" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . R Erik Refner (/wiki/Erik_Refner) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Danish_models&oldid=725810138 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Danish_models&oldid=725810138) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Danish fashion (/wiki/Category:Danish_fashion) Models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) Danish people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Danish_people_by_occupation) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Finnish fashion designer Samuji’s store, Pohjoisesplanadi (/wiki/Pohjoisesplanadi) , Helsinki. Samu-Jussi Koski (born 3 June 1975 in Helsinki (/wiki/Helsinki) ) is a Finnish fashion designer and the founder and Creative Director of Samuji. [1] (#cite_note-1) Koski holds a Bachelor’s Degree (/wiki/Bachelor%E2%80%99s_Degree) in Fashion Design (/wiki/Fashion_Design) from the Lahti University of Applied Sciences (/wiki/Lahti_University_of_Applied_Sciences) in Finland (/wiki/Finland) , and a Master’s Degree (/wiki/Master%E2%80%99s_Degree) in Fashion Design from the Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) Fashion School in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Before establishing his own label, Koski worked the major part of his career at the Finnish textile house Marimekko (/wiki/Marimekko) , [3] (#cite_note-3) where he started as an Assistant Designer in 2003. Two years later Koski was promoted to Fashion Designer and he began to design collections carrying his own name under the Marimekko brand. The working experience was significant for the young designer and allowed Koski to develop his own signature style early in his career. Koski’s vision was well received, and in 2008 he became the Creative Director of the company. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2009, Koski moved on to start Samuji with the ambition to pursue a variety of creative projects. He began on his own but soon gathered a team of creative minds to help him with art direction, production, marketing, sales and finance. The first Samuji womenswear collection was launched in spring 2011. Today, the company’s key areas are design and consulting. Samuji presents four womenswear collections annually, and a menswear line was introduced in fall 2013. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu-Jussi_Koski) in Finnish . (January 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Wikipedia article at [[:fi:Samu-Jussi Koski]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fi|Samu-Jussi Koski}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Samu-Jussi_Koski) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lindén, Jannika (18 September 2016). "Designern som lever sin dröm" (https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/designern-som-lever-sin-drom-2/) . Hufvudstadsbladet . pp. 24–25. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "VTalent: Samu-Jussi Koski" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/news/2011/08/samu-jussi-koski-) . Vogue Italia . Retrieved 30 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Finnish Line" (https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304757004579332332015953444) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 30 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hän päättää nyt Marimekon vaatteista" (http://www.taloussanomat.fi/myynti/2008/05/21/han-paattaa-nyt-marimekon-vaatteista/200813842/135?n=1) . Taloussanomat . Retrieved 30 January 2014 . 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United States (/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_(2022)) New York indictment (/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York) Stormy Daniels scandal (/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal) Karen McDougal affair (/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump) financial fraud (/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization) Georgia election indictment (/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution) Georgia election investigation (/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation) mug shot (/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump) Interactions involving Russia Business projects in Russia (/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia) Election interference (/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections) timeline before July 2016 (/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections) July 2016 – election day (/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016_%E2%80%93_election_day)) topics (/wiki/Topical_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections) Associates' links with Russian officials (/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials) Steele dossier (/wiki/Steele_dossier) Trump Tower meeting (/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting) Trump Tower Moscow (/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow) Classified information disclosures (/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information) Metadata seizures (/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Department_of_Justice_metadata_seizures) Mueller special counsel investigation (/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation) Crossfire Hurricane (/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)) charges (/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation) Durham special counsel investigation (/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation) legal teams (/wiki/Legal_teams_involved_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation) Mueller report (/wiki/Mueller_report) Barr letter (/wiki/Barr_letter) Senate report (/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election) COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States) Taskforce (/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force) Communication (/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) Government response (/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic) stimulus bills (/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)) CARES Act (/wiki/CARES_Act) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021) Operation Warp Speed (/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed) White House outbreak (/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak) Interference with science agencies (/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies) v t e Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) , president of the United States (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) from 2017 to 2021, has attracted considerable media attention during his career as a celebrity personality (/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump) , businessman (/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump) , and politician (/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump) . He has been portrayed and appeared in popular culture since the 1980s, including several cameo appearances (/wiki/Cameo_appearance) in film and television. Art [ edit ] In 1989, Ralph Wolfe Cowan (/wiki/Ralph_Wolfe_Cowan) painted a portrait of Trump called The Visionary (/wiki/The_Visionary) , which hangs in Trump's Palm Beach (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) residence of Mar-a-Lago (/wiki/Mar-a-Lago) . [1] (#cite_note-TownCountry-1) Several Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds) museums have included a figure of Trump. [2] (#cite_note-USA_TODAY_19_March_2021-2) [3] (#cite_note-CNN_27_August_2020-3) [4] (#cite_note-The_Independent_30_October_2020-4) Trump is alluded to with Maurizio Cattelan (/wiki/Maurizio_Cattelan) 's 2016 sculpture America (/wiki/America_(toilet)) , a fully functioning toilet made of solid gold. [5] (#cite_note-5) During the 2016 election (/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election) , various artworks were made to satirize Donald Trump. These include Make Everything Great Again (/wiki/Make_Everything_Great_Again) , a street art (/wiki/Street_art) mural (/wiki/Mural) by Dominykas Čečkauskas and Mindaugas Bonanu depicting Trump French kissing (/wiki/French_kiss) Vladimir Putin (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) , the president of Russia (/wiki/President_of_Russia) , [6] (#cite_note-6) and The Emperor Has No Balls (/wiki/The_Emperor_Has_No_Balls) , a series of sculptures (/wiki/Sculpture) depicting a nude Trump by the anarchist collective Indecline (/wiki/Indecline) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Cuban artist Edel Rodriguez (/wiki/Edel_Rodriguez) painted a series of anti-Trump artworks for various magazines including Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) and Der Spiegel (/wiki/Der_Spiegel) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Illma Gore also created a piece titled Make America Great Again , which depicted Trump naked. The artwork was censored on social media sites, delisted from eBay (/wiki/EBay) and refused by galleries in the United States due to security concerns. It attracted bids of over £100,000 after going on display at Maddox Gallery in Mayfair, London, although the artist was anonymously threatened with legal action. [9] (#cite_note-9) A life-size stainless-steel sculpture of Trump, We the People or Trump and His Magic Wand , was shown at a Conservative Political Action Conference (/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference) in February 2021. Comedian Stephen Colbert (/wiki/Stephen_Colbert) commented "Nothing says 'the party of Christian values' like worshiping a golden idol". [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Comics [ edit ] Since 1986, he has been depicted in the Doonesbury (/wiki/Doonesbury) comic strip by Garry Trudeau (/wiki/Garry_Trudeau) , [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) prompting an unfavorable response from Trump. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2016, the Trump-strips were released as a paperback, Yuge!: 30 Years of Doonesbury on Trump . [15] (#cite_note-15) Trump was also depicted in Berkeley Breathed (/wiki/Berkeley_Breathed) 's long-running political cartoon strip Bloom County (/wiki/Bloom_County) since 1989 where his brain was placed inside the body of Bill the Cat (/wiki/Bill_the_Cat) after being hit by an anchor (/wiki/Anchor) on his yacht, the Trump Princess (/wiki/Trump_Princess) . [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 1990, a Dilbert (/wiki/Dilbert) comic strip indirectly referred to Trump as 'God of Capitalism'. [18] (#cite_note-18) In the 1986 comic The Man of Steel (/wiki/The_Man_of_Steel_(comics)) , the villain Lex Luthor (/wiki/Lex_Luthor) is reimagined as an evil corporate executive, based in part on Trump. In 1989, a one-issue Lex Luthor: The Unauthorized Biography (/wiki/Lex_Luthor:_The_Unauthorized_Biography) was published with a cover mirroring Trump's book Trump: The Art of the Deal (/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Deal) . [19] (#cite_note-CBR_Trump-19) In 1989, Robert Crumb (/wiki/Robert_Crumb) wrote " Point the Finger (/wiki/Point_the_Finger) ", a six-page comic story about Trump for Hup (/wiki/Hup_(comics)) by Last Gasp (/wiki/Last_Gasp_(publisher)) . [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) During the 2016 election, various comic artists satirized Trump and his campaign. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) For example, following Pepe the Frog (/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog) 's association to the Trump campaign and the alt-right (/wiki/Alt-right) , Matt Furie (/wiki/Matt_Furie) published a satirical take of his appropriation on The Nib (/wiki/The_Nib) . [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) He is parodied in the Spanish Mort & Phil (/wiki/Mort_%26_Phil) albums ¡El capo se escapa! (/w/index.php?title=%C2%A1El_capo_se_escapa!&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A1El_capo_se_escapa!) ] , Drones Matones (/w/index.php?title=Drones_Matones&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drones_Matones) ] [26] (#cite_note-26) and El 60 aniversario (/w/index.php?title=El_60_aniversario&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_60_aniversario) ] , 2016–2017. [27] (#cite_note-27) In addition to sporadic appearances throughout its main line, Mad magazine (/wiki/Mad_(magazine)) has made Trump the main subject of two special issues, Mad About Trump (2017) and Mad About the Trump Era (2019). [28] (#cite_note-28) Trump appears in the 2020 Bomb Queen (/wiki/Bomb_Queen) satirical graphic novel Ultimate Bomb: Trump Card (/w/index.php?title=Ultimate_Bomb:_Trump_Card&action=edit&redlink=1) as its main antagonist. [29] (#cite_note-29) Trump appears in a 2020 story of the Japanese manga Death Note (/wiki/Death_Note) : The a-Kira Story (/wiki/List_of_Death_Note_chapters) . Here, he encounters Ryuk (/wiki/Ryuk_(Death_Note)) , a god of death, in the Oval Office. [30] (#cite_note-30) Films [ edit ] Main article: Donald Trump filmography (/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography) Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) and Macaulay Culkin (/wiki/Macaulay_Culkin) in Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (/wiki/Home_Alone_2:_Lost_in_New_York) Trump makes a cameo appearance as the Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Plaza_Hotel) owner in the 1992 movie Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (/wiki/Home_Alone_2:_Lost_in_New_York) . [31] (#cite_note-31) He also appeared as a guest in many films and series such as: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (/wiki/The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air) , The Job (/wiki/The_Job_(2001_TV_series)) , Suddenly Susan (/wiki/Suddenly_Susan) , Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) , The Drew Carey Show (/wiki/The_Drew_Carey_Show) , Two Weeks Notice (/wiki/Two_Weeks_Notice) , Spin City (/wiki/Spin_City) , The Nanny (/wiki/The_Nanny) , The Associate (/wiki/The_Associate_(1996_film)) , The Little Rascals (/wiki/The_Little_Rascals_(film)) , Zoolander (/wiki/Zoolander) , and Eddie (/wiki/Eddie_(film)) . [32] (#cite_note-32) Trump: What's the Deal? (/wiki/Trump:_What%27s_the_Deal%3F) , was screened twice in New York in July 1991, [33] (#cite_note-33) but was not publicly released until it became available on the Internet in 2015. [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) In 2005, ABC aired Trump Unauthorized (/wiki/Trump_Unauthorized) , a biographical television film starring Justin Louis (/wiki/Louis_Ferreira) as Trump. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Although Trump was not involved with the film, he considered it a "great compliment", despite previously threatening to sue the filmmakers if it contained inaccuracies. [38] (#cite_note-38) Trump appeared with Rudy Giuliani (/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani) in the 2005 documentary Giuliani Time (/wiki/Giuliani_Time) . [39] (#cite_note-39) You've Been Trumped (/wiki/You%27ve_Been_Trumped) (2011), a documentary film by Anthony Baxter, follows Trump's efforts to develop a Scottish golf resort. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) When it was announced that the documentary was to premiere on BBC Two (/wiki/BBC_Two) television in the UK, on October 21, 2012, [43] (#cite_note-43) Trump's lawyers contacted the BBC (/wiki/BBC) to demand that the film should not be shown, saying that it was defamatory and misleading. The screening went ahead, with the BBC defending the decision and stating that Trump had refused the opportunity to take part in the film. [44] (#cite_note-44) In 2016, Funny or Die (/wiki/Funny_or_Die) released a parody film called Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie (/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_The_Art_of_the_Deal:_The_Movie) with Johnny Depp (/wiki/Johnny_Depp) portraying Trump. [45] (#cite_note-45) Trump was also portrayed by Jeff Rector (/wiki/Jeff_Rector) in the 2020 fantasy comedy film Bad President (/wiki/Bad_President) . [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) As the October 2015 date featured in the Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future) films approached, media outlets began noting similarities between the older version of the Biff Tannen (/wiki/Biff_Tannen) character in Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) and then-presidential candidate Trump. [49] (#cite_note-49) Screenwriter Bob Gale (/wiki/Bob_Gale) said, "Yeah. That's what we were thinking about." [50] (#cite_note-:0-50) Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) observes that Biff "resides in a palatial penthouse atop a casino, which bears a striking resemblance to the Trump Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino) ". [50] (#cite_note-:0-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) Trump is a character in the 2019 English-Belgian CGI comedy The Queen's Corgi (/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Corgi) . In the film, he and Melania Trump (/wiki/Melania_Trump) along with their dog Mitzi visit Buckingham Palace to meet Queen Elizabeth. [52] (#cite_note-52) The Trump biopic The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(2024_film)) , directed by Iranian-Danish director Ali Abbasi (/wiki/Ali_Abbasi_(director)) , about Trump's early years as a real estate developer and the relationship with first wife Ivana (/wiki/Ivana_Trump) premiered at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) 2024. The audience gave the movie an eight-minute standing ovation. [53] (#cite_note-controversy-53) According to Agence France Press (/wiki/Agence_France_Press) , the movie "paints an unflinching but nuanced portrait of the former US president", charting his "decency being eroded as he learns the dark arts of dealmaking and tastes power". [54] (#cite_note-stir-54) The Trump campaign denounced the movie as sensationalizing long-debunked lies and said it would be filing a lawsuit. [53] (#cite_note-controversy-53) [54] (#cite_note-stir-54) Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) reported that one of the financiers of the movie was Kinematics, a company backed by Dan Snyder (/wiki/Daniel_Snyder) , a billionaire supporter of Trump, who believed that the movie would depict a flattering portrait of Trump, and that Kinematics was taking legal steps to compel the director to make changes. [55] (#cite_note-55) Games [ edit ] Donald Trump figure at Madame Tussauds London (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_London) Trump Castle (/wiki/Trump_Castle_(series)) is a series of gambling simulation video games, named after Trump's Castle (/wiki/Trump%27s_Castle) hotel and casino, published between 1989 and 1993. [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) Trump: The Game (/wiki/Trump:_The_Game) , a board game inspired by Monopoly (/wiki/Monopoly_(game)) , was released in 1989. A second version was released in 2004, riding on the popularity of Trump's reality show The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)) . [58] (#cite_note-58) Donald Trump's Real Estate Tycoon (/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_Real_Estate_Tycoon) , a business simulation computer game, was released in 2002. [59] (#cite_note-59) The computer game The Apprentice: Los Angeles , released in 2007, was based on the TV-series. [60] (#cite_note-60) Trumptendo, a website with NES (/wiki/NES) games hacked to include Trump, was launched in 2016. It included games like Punch-Out!! (/wiki/Punch-Out!!_(NES)) and Super Mario Bros. (/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros.) [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Literature [ edit ] Main article: Bibliography of Donald Trump (/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump) Donald Trump, along with the Trump Tower, is depicted in the 1986 novel I'll Take Manhattan (/wiki/I%27ll_Take_Manhattan) . [63] (#cite_note-63) Trump himself appears in the 1987 miniseries adaptation (/wiki/I%27ll_Take_Manhattan_(miniseries)) . [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-65) A parody of Trump is the main villain in the 1992 The Destroyer (/wiki/The_Destroyer_(novel_series)) novel Ghost in the Machine . [66] (#cite_note-66) [67] (#cite_note-67) The erotic novel Trump Tower (/wiki/Trump_Tower_(novel)) (2011) includes Trump as a character. It was originally marketed as authored by Trump. [68] (#cite_note-68) Andrew Shaffer (/wiki/Andrew_Shaffer) 's satirical book, The Day of the Donald (/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Donald) (2016), imagines Trump winning the 2016 presidential election and discusses his second year as America's 45th president. Shaffer initially wrote and published the book on believing Trump would not win his 2016 election. [69] (#cite_note-The_Day_of_the_Donald'_imagines_life_under_President_Trump-69) The television series Twin Peaks (/wiki/Twin_Peaks_(2017_TV_series)) (2017) features a mysterious artifact called the "Owl Cave ring". [70] (#cite_note-70) In Mark Frost (/wiki/Mark_Frost) 's book Twin Peaks: The Final Dossier (/wiki/Twin_Peaks:_The_Final_Dossier) (2017), it is implied that Trump may have worn this ring. [71] (#cite_note-71) Derek Landy (/wiki/Derek_Landy) 's 2017–2022 novel series Valkyrie Cain ( (/wiki/Skulduggery_Pleasant#Second_series_novels) Skulduggery Pleasant: Phase Two ) (/wiki/Skulduggery_Pleasant#Second_series_novels) features a pastiche of Trump named Martin Flannery as a minor antagonist, who first appears in Resurrection (/wiki/Skulduggery_Pleasant:_Resurrection) and last appears in Until the End , whom Landy initially wrote into the series on believing Trump would not win his 2016 election. [72] (#cite_note-72) In The Beautiful Poetry of Donald Trump (/wiki/The_Beautiful_Poetry_of_Donald_Trump) (2017), the poems are composed of lines taken from Trump's tweets and speeches, with attribution added to every line of verse. [73] (#cite_note-GuardianDec2019-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) The 2018 poetry collection Sincerity by Carol Ann Duffy (/wiki/Carol_Ann_Duffy) , British Poet Laureate (/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom) , includes a poem entitled "Swearing In". It begins "Combover ... twitter-rat, tweet-twat, tripe-gob, muckspout", includes the expressions "tie-treader", and "mandrake mymmerkin", and ends "welcome to the White House". [75] (#cite_note-75) Dumpty is a 2019 satirical poetry book by John Lithgow (/wiki/John_Lithgow) . The poems are about Trump and people in his administration. [73] (#cite_note-GuardianDec2019-73) [76] (#cite_note-76) Charlie Kaufman (/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman) 's 2020 novel Antkind (/wiki/Antkind) includes Trump-robots armed with nuclear weapons. [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) Fan fiction [ edit ] Trump has been included in self-published works, including fan fiction (/wiki/Fan_fiction) / slash fiction (/wiki/Slash_fiction) . Elijah Daniel (/wiki/Elijah_Daniel) 's novella Trump Temptations: The Billionaire & The Bellboy (2016) was number one on some of Amazon.com's sales charts. [79] (#cite_note-79) [80] (#cite_note-80) A Kickstarter (/wiki/Kickstarter) for the picture book D Is for Dump Trump: An Anti-Hate Alphabet raised $37,000 in 2016. [81] (#cite_note-81) Several erotic stories have been published. [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) Fan fiction includes stories involving My Little Pony (/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic) , Vince McMahon (/wiki/Vince_McMahon) , SpongeBob SquarePants (/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants) and Vladimir Putin (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) . [84] (#cite_note-84) [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) Wikipedia [ edit ] Main article: Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump (/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump) Trump has an article on the online encyclopedia Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia) . Editors of Wikipedia often have contentious discussions on what should be included in the article, and there are accusations of political bias among editors. The article has extended confirmed protection, so only certain editors (editors with at least 30 days of activity and 500 edits) can edit the article. [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) The website " Loser.com (/wiki/Loser.com) " used to redirect to Trump's Wikipedia article. [89] (#cite_note-89) [90] (#cite_note-90) Music [ edit ] Main article: Donald Trump in music (/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music) Since the 1980s, Donald Trump's wealth and lifestyle have been a fixture of hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) lyrics, [91] (#cite_note-awm-trump-lyrics-91) his name being quoted by more than 50 artists. [92] (#cite_note-92) In 2011, rapper Mac Miller (/wiki/Mac_Miller) released his " Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump_(song)) " song about rising to Trump-level riches, which became a Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) hit. [91] (#cite_note-awm-trump-lyrics-91) The billionaire subsequently requested royalties for using his name, starting a feud with Miller. [93] (#cite_note-93) In 2016, rapper YG (/wiki/YG_(rapper)) released a single titled " FDT (/wiki/FDT_(song)) ", referring to Trump in a disparaging manner. In November 2019, Trump visited Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden) where people yelled the lyrics of the song at him. [94] (#cite_note-94) Television [ edit ] See also: Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump) Since 1988, Trump and members of his family have been parodied on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) ( SNL ). [95] (#cite_note-people-95) [96] (#cite_note-96) He has hosted SNL twice, in 2004 (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_29)#ep561) and 2015 (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_41)#ep791) . [97] (#cite_note-97) Trump is one of four presidents who have appeared on Saturday Night Live , and the only president to have hosted the show. [98] (#cite_note-98) On SNL , Trump has been impersonated by several people, including Phil Hartman (/wiki/Phil_Hartman) , Darrell Hammond (/wiki/Darrell_Hammond) and Alec Baldwin (/wiki/Alec_Baldwin) . [95] (#cite_note-people-95) Trump appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) in 1988 and 2011. When asked in 1988 if he considered running for president, he said he would "never want to rule it out totally." [99] (#cite_note-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) In 1999 (/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign) , he said that he would like Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) as his running mate. [101] (#cite_note-101) Trump has appeared on and been involved in WWE (/wiki/WWE) programming ( professional wrestling (/wiki/Professional_wrestling) ) several times since the late 1980s. Throughout these appearances, he has always taken on the persona of a generous billionaire who cares about the WWE fans, serving as a foil to Vince McMahon (/wiki/Vince_McMahon) , the "villainous billionaire owner" character. On the January 2, 2007, episode of Monday Night Raw (/wiki/Monday_Night_Raw) , Trump appeared virtually to interrupt "Vince McMahon Appreciation Night", showering the audience with thousands of dollars, beginning his feud with McMahon. [102] (#cite_note-102) On the March 12, 2007, episode of Monday Night Raw , Trump signed a contract for his "Battle of the Billionaires" WrestleMania match against Vince McMahon (/wiki/Vince_McMahon) . [103] (#cite_note-103) At WrestleMania 23 (/wiki/WrestleMania_23) , he won the right to shave Vince McMahon's hair, after betting that Bobby Lashley (/wiki/Bobby_Lashley) would beat Umaga (/wiki/Umaga_(wrestler)) in a match. [104] (#cite_note-104) In 2009, Trump returned to WWE programming, purchasing Monday Night Raw from McMahon, who had fallen into bankruptcy in storyline, on the June 15th episode of the show, announcing that his first move as company owner would be to make next week's episode of Raw commercial-free for the entire 3-hour runtime. On the June 22 episode of Raw , Trump sold the show back to McMahon for twice the price he bought it for, also giving the audience of the show free attendance, refunding their ticket price. Additionally on this show, Trump encountered Santino Marella (/wiki/Santino_Marella) , who had then adopted his cross-dressing alter ego of Santina Marella. Trump, disgusted and annoyed by Marella, fired them as a part of the storyline. [105] (#cite_note-105) [106] (#cite_note-106) [ better source needed ] A young Donald Trump is portrayed in "It's A Wonderful Leap", a 1992 episode of (/wiki/Quantum_Leap_(season_4)#ep71) Quantum Leap . [107] (#cite_note-107) From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part or all of the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) pageants. [108] (#cite_note-pageantsaleWME-108) [109] (#cite_note-109) He was selected for a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) in 2007 for producing the shows. [110] (#cite_note-110) A 2000 The Simpsons episode (/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future) shows a future where Trump has been president. Writer Dan Greaney (/wiki/Dan_Greaney) said in 2016: "What we needed was for Lisa to have problems beyond her fixing, that everything went as bad as it possibly could, and that's why we had Trump be president before her. That just seemed like the logical last stop before hitting bottom. It was consistent with the vision of America going insane". [111] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_March_16,_2016-111) After Donald Trump won the 2016 election (/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election) , The Simpsons used the phrase "Being right sucks" in a chalkboard gag (/wiki/The_Simpsons_opening_sequence#Chalkboard_gag) . [112] (#cite_note-112) Trump hosted the reality show The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(U.S._TV_series)) and its spin-off The Celebrity Apprentice (/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice) between 2004 and 2015. Further TV-projects have at times been announced and cancelled, such as Trump Tower ( Showtime (/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)) in 1998 and Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) in 2008), [113] (#cite_note-auto-113) The Tower and Trump Takeover . [113] (#cite_note-auto-113) Donald Trump's star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) In February 2005, a parody of Trump ("Donald Grump") appeared on Sesame Street (/wiki/Sesame_Street) . [114] (#cite_note-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) Trump makes a cameo appearance as the banker in the September 17, 2007 episode of Deal or No Deal (/wiki/Deal_or_No_Deal) . [116] (#cite_note-116) Trump appears in the 2010 documentary-drama America: The Story of Us (/wiki/America:_The_Story_of_Us) . [117] (#cite_note-117) In April 2011, Trump attended the White House Correspondents' Dinner (/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association) , featuring comedian Seth Meyers (/wiki/Seth_Meyers) . President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) used the occasion to present several prepared jokes mocking Trump. Retrospectively, Trump claimed "I didn't feel humiliated, I had a great time. So the press is very dishonest, they don't report the truth and therefore it's just easier not to go." [118] (#cite_note-118) [119] (#cite_note-119) Trump has been portrayed on Epic Rap Battles of History (/wiki/Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History) three times since 2013, being played by Peter Shukoff (/wiki/Peter_Shukoff) once and Lloyd Ahlquist (/wiki/Lloyd_Ahlquist) twice. On the show, he first battled (/wiki/Battle_rap) against Ebenezer Scrooge (/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge) , and later political opponents Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) and Joe Biden (/wiki/Joe_Biden) . [120] (#cite_note-120) [121] (#cite_note-121) A parody of Trump is president of Canada in a 2015 episode of South Park (/wiki/South_Park) , " Where My Country Gone? (/wiki/Where_My_Country_Gone%3F) " [122] (#cite_note-122) [123] (#cite_note-123) In later episodes Mr. Garrison (/wiki/Mr._Garrison) changes into a more Trump-like persona when he becomes President of the United States (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) . [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon) has done impressions of Trump on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon) since 2015. [126] (#cite_note-126) On February 28, 2016, Trump was the subject of a segment (/wiki/Donald_Trump_(Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver)) of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver) that was named after him. The segment, hosted by comedian John Oliver (/wiki/John_Oliver_(comedian)) , was critical of Trump. [127] (#cite_note-127) [128] (#cite_note-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) Trump was also featured in later (/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_segments_about_Donald_Trump) Last Week Tonight segments (/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_segments_about_Donald_Trump) , including one regarding Trump's plans for a border wall (/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016#Border_wall_and_illegal_immigration) on May 20, [130] (#cite_note-130) [131] (#cite_note-131) and another regarding Trump University (/wiki/Trump_University) . [132] (#cite_note-132) On The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (/wiki/The_Late_Show_with_Stephen_Colbert) , Stephen Colbert (/wiki/Stephen_Colbert) frequently features a caricature of Trump, called "Cartoon Donald Trump". Colbert's reasoning for including a cartoon version of Trump is because he felt that Trump had resorted to "almost cartoonish tactics". [133] (#cite_note-133) Meanwhile, on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) , host Jimmy Kimmel (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel) wrote two Dr. Seuss (/wiki/Dr._Seuss) -like books: Winners Aren't Losers and its sequel Winners Still Aren't Losers . Both of these books were featured when Trump was the guest star. On the show, Kimmel would read it out loud to Trump, having Trump read the last word on both occasions. [134] (#cite_note-134) [135] (#cite_note-135) Vic Berger (/wiki/Vic_Berger) , a frequent collaborator for the comedy duo Tim & Eric (/wiki/Tim_%26_Eric) , created a series of Trump related videos for Super Deluxe (/wiki/Super_Deluxe) . Each of these videos remix various Trump debate appearances with air horns (/wiki/Air_horn) and crowds chanting Trump's name. [136] (#cite_note-136) [137] (#cite_note-137) [138] (#cite_note-138) The 2016 web series (/wiki/Web_series) You Got Trumped: The First 100 Days takes a darkly comic look at what Trump's first one hundred days in office would look like. The series stars John Di Domenico (/wiki/John_Di_Domenico) as Trump and Ron Sparks (/wiki/Ron_Sparks_(comedian)) as Chris Christie (/wiki/Chris_Christie) , his "whipping boy". [139] (#cite_note-139) The President Show (/wiki/The_President_Show) , starring Anthony Atamanuik (/wiki/Anthony_Atamanuik) as Trump and Peter Grosz (/wiki/Peter_Grosz) as Mike Pence (/wiki/Mike_Pence) , debuted on Comedy Central (/wiki/Comedy_Central) on April 27, 2017. [140] (#cite_note-140) Atamanuik started impersonating Trump in 2015. [141] (#cite_note-141) Trump was portrayed negatively in the anime adaptation of Inuyashiki (/wiki/Inuyashiki) , played by Bill Fleming, where he dismisses the lives that will be lost from an incoming meteor strike. [142] (#cite_note-142) Trump also makes a brief appearance in the anime Devilman Crybaby (/wiki/Devilman_Crybaby) . [143] (#cite_note-143) Trump is portrayed by Herson Andrade in the Mexican political parody (/wiki/Parody) show El Privilegio de Mandar (/wiki/El_Privilegio_de_Mandar) . [144] (#cite_note-144) Archived footage of Donald Trump's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign announcement was used in the Arrested Development episode "Self-Deportation" (season 5, episode 2). [145] (#cite_note-145) Family Guy (/wiki/Family_Guy) portrayed Trump in a 2019 episode (/wiki/Trump_Guy) . Peter has been hired by Trump and the family moves to Washington. [146] (#cite_note-146) Brendan Gleeson (/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson) plays President Trump in the 2020 CBS (/wiki/CBS_Television_Studios) miniseries, The Comey Rule (/wiki/The_Comey_Rule) . [147] (#cite_note-147) Trump has been portrayed numerous of times on America's Got Talent (/wiki/America%27s_Got_Talent) but most notably by Jeff Trachta (/wiki/Jeff_Trachta) as "The Singing Trump" [148] (#cite_note-148) in the show's the twelfth season (/wiki/America%27s_Got_Talent_(season_12)) who advanced past auditions receiving three "yes" votes from the judges was but was later eliminated during the quarterfinals. [149] (#cite_note-149) The 2020 version of the British puppet show Spitting Image (/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)) included Trump. Voice actor Matt Forde (/wiki/Matt_Forde) said "Doing his voice is the most fun I've ever had at work. He's part Trump, part Cartman (/wiki/Cartman) from South Park (/wiki/South_Park) ." According to the show's producer, NBC (/wiki/NBC) decided not to schedule it due to "nervousness". [150] (#cite_note-150) [151] (#cite_note-151) [152] (#cite_note-152) The 2020 Animaniacs (/wiki/Animaniacs_(2020_TV_series)) revival included Trump. In one episode, he is the cyclops (/wiki/Cyclops) in a version of the Odyssey (/wiki/Odyssey) . [153] (#cite_note-153) [154] (#cite_note-154) Trump is parodied in three episodes of Robot Chicken (/wiki/Robot_Chicken) . [155] (#cite_note-155) Memes [ edit ] On May 31, 2017, Trump tweeted, "Despite the constant negative press covfefe". [156] (#cite_note-NYT-156) He deleted the tweet six hours later but implied that its wording was intentional. " Covfefe (/wiki/Covfefe) ", widely presumed to be a typographical (/wiki/Typographical) error, instantly became an Internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) . "Person, woman, man, camera, TV" is a phrase that then-president Trump used several times during a July 22, 2020, Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) interview with Marc Siegel (/wiki/Marc_Siegel) , a professor of medicine at New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) . [157] (#cite_note-CBS-157) [158] (#cite_note-WaPo-158) Trump used the phrase while boasting about his performance on and describing part of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (/wiki/Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment) (MoCA), a cognitive test (/wiki/Cognitive_test) used for detecting cognitive impairment (/wiki/Cognitive_deficit) , that he took at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center) in 2018. [159] (#cite_note-defend-159) The phrase became an Internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) and went viral (/wiki/Viral_phenomenon) on social media platforms, including Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) and YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . [160] (#cite_note-mash-160) [161] (#cite_note-Huffington-161) Hair [ edit ] Trump's hairstyle, 2017 Trump's hairstyle from the back, 2007 Trump's hairstyle has been mentioned frequently by the media. His hairstyle has been described as a comb-over (/wiki/Comb-over) . [162] (#cite_note-162) In 2004, the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) wrote that Trump is "known for his gaudy casinos and unusual mane of copper hair." [163] (#cite_note-163) David Letterman (/wiki/David_Letterman) made a joke about Trump's hair in 2008, likening it to a Chihuahua (/wiki/Chihuahua_(dog)) . [164] (#cite_note-164) During a 2011 interview with Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , Trump said, "I get a lot of credit for comb-overs. But it's not really a comb-over. It's sort of a little bit forward and back. I've combed it the same way for years. Same thing, every time." [165] (#cite_note-Hair_Down-165) A gallery of photographs depicting Trump's hairstyle across four decades was published in 2015. [166] (#cite_note-166) In various late-night talk shows (/wiki/Late-night_talk_show) and interviews, Trump's hair has humorously been suggested to be a wig, so he has let the interviewers touch his hair [167] (#cite_note-167) to verify its authenticity. [168] (#cite_note-168) In 2009, singer Kacey Jones (/wiki/Kacey_Jones) released a song titled "Donald Trump's Hair", [169] (#cite_note-169) which reached #1 on ReverbNation (/wiki/ReverbNation) 's comedy charts. [170] (#cite_note-170) In early 2011, Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) wrote that Trump would run for president in 2012, [171] (#cite_note-171) and did a series of pieces satirically comparing the birther (/wiki/Birther) controversy over the authenticity of incumbent president Obama (/wiki/Obama) 's short-form birth certificate (/wiki/Birth_certificate) to a hypothetical "balders" controversy over the authenticity of Trump's hair. [172] (#cite_note-172) [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) In a June 2015 speech for his 2016 presidential campaign (/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016) , Trump said he would change his hair style if he were elected. [175] (#cite_note-175) Vanity Fair published two claymation (/wiki/Claymation) videos making fun of Trump's anthropomorphized (/wiki/Anthropomorphism) hair in late 2015. [176] (#cite_note-176) [177] (#cite_note-177) In 2017, Ronny Jackson (/wiki/Ronny_Jackson) , the physician to the president (/wiki/Physician_to_the_President) , stated that Trump took daily doses of Propecia (/wiki/Propecia) , a branded treatment for the prevention of male-pattern hair loss (/wiki/Male-pattern_hair_loss) . [178] (#cite_note-178) In Michael Wolff (/wiki/Michael_Wolff_(journalist)) 's 2018 book Fire and Fury (/wiki/Fire_and_Fury) , Trump's daughter Ivanka Trump (/wiki/Ivanka_Trump) allegedly described the mechanics of her father's hair as "an absolutely clean pate – a contained island after scalp-reduction surgery – surrounded by a furry circle of hair around the sides and front, from which all ends are drawn up to meet in the center and then swept back and secured by a stiffening spray", and the color as "[coming] from a product called Just For Men (/wiki/Just_for_Men) – the longer it was left on, the darker it got. Impatience resulted in Trump's orange-blond hair color." [179] (#cite_note-179) [ better source needed ] In September 2016, Jimmy Fallon invited Donald Trump to be a guest on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . Trump was asked by Fallon if he could mess up his hair. Trump agreed to the offer and allowed Fallon to mess his hair up. Following the hair incident, Fallon was accused by critics that he was humanizing Trump after Trump had pressed more on the Zero-tolerance policy under the Trump administration. Trump later tweeted ".@jimmyfallon is now whimpering to all that he did the famous 'hair show' with me (where he seriously messed up my hair), & that he would have now done it differently because it is said to have 'humanized' me-he is taking heat. He called & said 'monster ratings.' Be a man Jimmy!". Following that tweet, Fallon quickly tweeted back saying that he will donate to the RAICES charity (/wiki/Refugee_and_Immigrant_Center_for_Education_and_Legal_Services) in an effort to help families being separated at the border. [180] (#cite_note-180) In 2017, the species of moth Neopalpa donaldtrumpi (/wiki/Neopalpa_donaldtrumpi) was named after Donald Trump because of his hair. In February 2018, a video shot of Trump boarding Air Force One (/wiki/Air_Force_One) against a gust of wind clearly showed the comb-over. The video went viral and was critiqued on the internet. [181] (#cite_note-181) [182] (#cite_note-182) Skin color [ edit ] Comedians and critics of Donald Trump, as well as the media have often remarked on the color of his skin, considering it unusually orange. Comedian Alec Baldwin (/wiki/Alec_Baldwin) , who played a satirized version of Donald Trump on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_45)) , described Trump's look as somewhere between " Mark Rothko (/wiki/Mark_Rothko) orange" and a "slightly paler Orange Crush (/wiki/Crush_(soft_drink)) ", [183] (#cite_note-183) while in 2013, the American comedian Bill Maher (/wiki/Bill_Maher) offered to pay $5 million to a charity if Donald Trump would produce his birth certificate to prove that Trump's mother had not mated with an orangutan (/wiki/Orangutan) – apparently a reference to Trump's orange hue as well as a response to Trump's previous demands that President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) produce his birth certificate and other records to disprove conspiracy theories that Obama was born in Kenya (/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories) . Trump would go on to file a lawsuit against Maher, claiming the comedian owed the promised $5 million. [184] (#cite_note-184) Trump has rarely referenced his orange hue without being prompted to. However, in 2019, in an address to Republican legislators, he said: The lightbulb. People said: what's with the lightbulb? I said: here's the story. And I looked at it. The bulb that we're being forced to use! Number one, to me, most importantly, the light's no good. I always look orange. And so do you! The light is the worst. In February 2020, an unverified Twitter account called "White House Photos" posted a photograph of the President, in which Trump's face bore a notable tan line; the image depicted the stark contrast between Trump's seemingly orange facial features and the paler skin around the side of his face, and the photograph received widespread attention in the media and on the internet, even inspiring a sketch on Saturday Night Live . [185] (#cite_note-185) [186] (#cite_note-186) Trump himself said the image had been photoshopped (/wiki/Photo_manipulation) . [187] (#cite_note-187) See also [ edit ] List of things named after Donald Trump (/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump) Media career of Donald Trump (/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump) Notes [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-TownCountry_1-0) Conley, Kevin (April 20, 2016). "The Story Behind Donald Trump's Epic Mar-A-Lago Portrait" (http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/news/a5870/trump-portrait-mar-a-lago/) . Town and Country Magazine (/wiki/Town_and_Country_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170306095743/http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/news/a5870/trump-portrait-mar-a-lago/) from the original on March 6, 2017 . Retrieved May 5, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-USA_TODAY_19_March_2021_2-0) Barnes, Dustin (March 19, 2021). "Trump wax figure removed from San Antonio museum after customers kept punching and scratching it" (https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2021/03/19/donald-trump-wax-figure-removed-museum-after-customers-punched/4763313001/) . USA TODAY (/wiki/USA_TODAY) . Retrieved March 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-CNN_27_August_2020_3-0) Garvey, Marianne (August 27, 2020). "President Trump's Madame Tussauds statue will now greet New York visitors in a mask" (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/27/entertainment/madame-tussaudsn-trump/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved March 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Independent_30_October_2020_4-0) Crump, James (October 30, 2020). "Berlin Madame Tussaud's puts its Donald Trump in a dumpster" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-election-2020/berlin-madame-tussauds-donald-trump-us-election-2020-b1460043.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved March 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Game of Throne: Maurizio Cattelan's "America" Comes to the Guggenheim" (https://www.guggenheim.org/blogs/checklist/game-of-throne-maurizio-cattelans-america-comes-to-the-guggenheim) . Guggenheim . September 15, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190528204149/https://www.guggenheim.org/blogs/checklist/game-of-throne-maurizio-cattelans-america-comes-to-the-guggenheim) from the original on May 28, 2019 . Retrieved September 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Taylor, Adam (May 13, 2016). "The Putin-Trump kiss being shared around the world" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/13/the-putin-trump-kiss-being-shared-around-the-world/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190214073717/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/13/the-putin-trump-kiss-being-shared-around-the-world/) from the original on February 14, 2019 . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐qrcxb Cached time: 20240720151727 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51036287-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720151727 and revision id 1090052553. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Clothing companies of Greece" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . F Folli Follie (/wiki/Folli_Follie) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Greece&oldid=1090052553 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Greece&oldid=1090052553) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_country) Manufacturing companies of Greece (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_of_Greece) Greek brands (/wiki/Category:Greek_brands) Greek fashion (/wiki/Category:Greek_fashion)
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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐88fb86f5‐pv7jg Cached time: 20240705045651 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72313715-0!canonical and timestamp 20240705045651 and revision id 1177798122. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Hong Kong women fashion designers" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Movana Chen (/wiki/Movana_Chen) Flora Cheong-Leen (/wiki/Flora_Cheong-Leen) Betty Clemo (/wiki/Betty_Clemo) T Vivienne Tam (/wiki/Vivienne_Tam) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hong_Kong_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798122 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hong_Kong_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798122) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hong Kong fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_fashion_designers) Hong Kong women artists (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality)
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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Ali_Karoui&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Ali+Karoui&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Ali+Karoui) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Ali_Karoui) for suggestions. ( May 2024 ) Ali Karoui , born in 1986 (/wiki/1986) in Tunis (/wiki/Tunis) , is a Tunisian fashion designer and founder of Ali Karoui Coutures. Early life [ edit ] Born in Tunis, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Karoui joined the École supérieure des arts et techniques de la mode de Tunis ( ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) Tunis) in 2003, graduating in 2005. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) That same year, he was awarded his first fashion design prize. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2012, he created his own label, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Ali Karoui Coutures, also known as Karoui Luxury Fashion. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Professional career [ edit ] During his career, Karoui dressed many celebrities, including Hanaa Ben Abdesslem (/wiki/Hanaa_Ben_Abdesslem) , Kenza Fourati (/wiki/Kenza_Fourati) , Rym Saïdi (/wiki/Rym_Breidy) , Dorra Zarrouk (/wiki/Dorra_Zarrouk) , Latifa Arfaoui (/wiki/Latifa_(singer)) , Adèle Exarchopoulos (/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_Exarchopoulos) , Nancy Ajram (/wiki/Nancy_Ajram) and Haifa Wehbe (/wiki/Haifa_Wehbe) , as well as Miriam Odemba (/wiki/Miriam_Odemba) and Victoria Silvstedt (/wiki/Victoria_Silvstedt) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) His creations have been noticed, notably at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) , [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) and with the Netflix star Georgina Rodríguez (/wiki/Georgina_Rodr%C3%ADguez) at the Joy Awards. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) He collaborates with the jewelry brand Chopard (/wiki/Chopard) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2018, he took part in the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) , setting up his showroom right next to the Hôtel Martinez (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Martinez) . [5] (#cite_note-5) That same year, one of his dresses was chosen for the cover of the Russian edition of the fashion magazine L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2019, he participated in a fashion show organized at the fifteenth edition of the Casa Fashion Show in Casablanca (/wiki/Casablanca) , Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2023, Karoui designed a customized trench coat for Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , in just 10 hours, for her Renaissance world tour (/wiki/Renaissance_World_Tour) performance at Dubai's Atlantis Hotel. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The same year, Georgina Rodríguez (/wiki/Georgina_Rodr%C3%ADguez) closed the Joy Awards wearing a midnight-blue velvet dress designed by Ali Karoui. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Awards [ edit ] 2014: Winner of the Mediterranean Fashion Prize 2014. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Les ambassadeurs du style – Tunisie : Ali Karoui, le styliste qui rêve d'habiller Madonna" (https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/502374/culture/les-ambassadeurs-du-style-tunisie-ali-karoui-le-styliste-qui-reve-dhabiller-madonna/) . Jeune Afrique . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Ali Karoui a l'honneur dans la presse internationale! Qui est ce couturier Tunisien en vogue?" (https://www.tekiano.com/2018/05/22/ali-karoui-a-lhonneur-dans-la-presse-internationale-qui-est-ce-couturier-tunisien-en-vogue/) . Tekiano . 22 May 2018 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Qui est Ali Karoui, le styliste tunisien qui a sublimé les stars à Cannes ?" (https://www.leconomistemaghrebin.com/2019/06/03/ali-karoui-styliste-tunisien-stars-cannes/) . L'Economiste Maghrébin . 3 June 2019 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Le mannequin Georgina Rodriguez et l'actrice Sofia Vergara éblouissantes aux Joy Awards à Riyad" (https://www.arabnews.fr/node/338971/culture) . Arab News . 22 January 2023 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cannes 2018: Ali Karoui, le couturier qui aime VRAIMENT les femmes" (https://www.parismatch.com/People/Cannes-2018-Ali-Karoui-le-couturier-qui-aime-VRAIMENT-les-femmes-1522052#13) . Paris Match . 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Maroc: le "Casa Fashion Show" met les couturiers maghrébins à l'honneur" (https://www.rfi.fr/fr/emission/20191017-maroc-casa-fashion-show-couturiers-maghrebins-honneur) . RFI . 16 October 2019 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Beyoncé Sparkles in Custom Ali Karoui Trenchcoat" (https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/beyonce-green-coat-ali-karoui-dubai-look-1235507694/) . WWD . 3 February 2023 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Beyoncé's Sparkling Green Coat for Dubai Concert Was Custom-Made in 10 Hours by Designer Ali KarouiBeyoncé's Sparkling Green Coat for Dubai Concert Was Custom-Made in 10 Hours by Designer Ali Karoui" (https://footwearnews.com/fashion/celebrity-style/beyonce-ali-karoui-green-coat-dubai-1203402397/) . Footwear News . 3 February 2023 . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Mediterranean Fashion Prize 2014 : Marseille métropole de la mode de l'Europe du Sud et de la Méditerranée" (https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/visages-de-marseille/article/200714/mediterranean-fashion-prize-2014-marseille-metropole-de-la-mode-de-leurope-du-s) . Mediapart . Retrieved 4 March 2024 . 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Italian fashion designer and businessperson Elio Fiorucci Born ( 1935-06-10 ) 10 June 1935 [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Died 19 July 2015 (2015-07-19) (aged 80) [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Milan [2] (#cite_note-BBC_20072015-2) Occupation(s) Fashion designer and retailer Elio Fiorucci ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛːljo (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) fjoˈruttʃi] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ; 10 June 1935 – 19 July 2015) was an Italian fashion designer and the founder of the Fiorucci (/wiki/Fiorucci) fashion label. Beginning in retailing at the age of 14, he later created a fashion brand that had worldwide success during the 1970s and 1980s, including becoming a key label of the disco (/wiki/Disco) -scene. The retail environments he created were destinations, rather than simply places to buy clothes; his New York store was known by some as the daytime Studio 54 (/wiki/Studio_54) and gave space to artists and creatives – including Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) . Fiorucci is credited with designing and popularising stretch jeans, and for transforming the fashion scene. Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) described him as a revolutionary, adding: "He was always ready to take some risks to really understand his time". [3] (#cite_note-WWD_Turra-3) Early life and career [ edit ] Elio Fiorucci was born in Milan (/wiki/Milan) and was one of six children, two of them boys. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The family escaped to the countryside during the war (/wiki/World_War_II) , returning afterwards to continue running the family shoe shop and manufacturing business. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Fiorucci started working in his father's shop when he was 14, becoming a full-time worker there at 17. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) In 1962, Fiorucci created his first successful design – a brightly coloured waterproof overshoe. The design was featured in the Italian magazine Amica (/wiki/Amica_(magazine)) and earned him enough money to go travelling. His travels included a visit to London, then a hotbed of young fashion (/wiki/Swinging_London) , and he was said to have been surprised and also influenced by the dynamic retailing approaches found in Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) and Kensington Market (/wiki/Kensington_Market,_London) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Later he would say: "That creative chaos represented a new deal, free from the pressures of formal dressing and elegance". [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) Launch of retail brand [ edit ] After returning to Milan, he opened his first shop in 1967. [5] (#cite_note-bio-5) This was located in the Galleria Passarella and targeted a much younger clientele than was typical for Italian retailing of the time. Fiorucci stocked London designers such as Ossie Clark (/wiki/Ossie_Clark) , as well as the typical hippie (/wiki/Hippie) uniform of Afghan coat (/wiki/Afghan_Coat) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The store became an eclectic mix of eccentricities – everything from rag rugs and kettles to hair products and clothing. [3] (#cite_note-WWD_Turra-3) The interior of the store was designed by Amalia Del Ponte (/wiki/Amalia_Del_Ponte) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The exotic market-style approach he'd seen in Kensington Market was added to, with Fiorucci using the fashion inspiration he'd gained in his travels to places such as Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) and Ibiza (/wiki/Ibiza) , as well as being inspired by the London scene. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) [7] (#cite_note-Time_Plucinska-7) He created his own label in 1970. [5] (#cite_note-bio-5) While he was considerably older than his target market – the teenage and young shopper – he employed young fashion scouts internationally to report back on what young people were wearing and discover different products and designs that could be incorporated into his manufacturing. The distinctive logo he chose for Fiorucci was two less than saintly looking Victorian cherubs in sunglasses. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The clothing he manufactured was affordable and often kitsch – such as bright coloured T-shirts featuring his trademark cherub motif or Disney (/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company) characters. [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) The store was distinctively different and radical for the time and grew to become what Fiorucci himself would describe as: "an amusement park of novelties". A second store opened in Milan's Via Torino – it included a fast-food restaurant and became a place for young people to see and be seen. By this stage, Fiorucci had financial backing from the Montedison group. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) New York store [ edit ] In 1976, the Fiorucci brand was taken to New York, with a retail store on East 59th Street (/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)) . Its interior was part designed by Ettore Sottsass (/wiki/Ettore_Sottsass) and it became part of the ascendent disco culture – the opening party was held at Studio 54 and Fiorucci chartered a jumbo jet to fly in his Italian guests. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Like his Milan stores, this became a place for people to hang out and the store offered free espresso (/wiki/Espresso) and music from resident DJs – it became known as the daytime Studio 54 because of the disco crowd that gathered there. [8] (#cite_note-DT_22072015-8) Fiorucci became friendly with Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) and gave him a free office in the store in order to set up Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Warhol described the store as fun, saying: "That's all I ever wanted, all plastic". [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Fioruchi and his brand were subjects of a book by Warhol's friend and chronicler of L.A. nightlife Eve Babitz (/wiki/Eve_Babitz) . Fiorucci also offered wall space to artist Keith Haring (/wiki/Keith_Haring) and gave retail concessions (/wiki/Concession_(contract)) to designers Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) and Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Famous patrons included Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Jackie Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) and Cher (/wiki/Cher) , and the teenage Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) also spent time there. [7] (#cite_note-Time_Plucinska-7) [3] (#cite_note-WWD_Turra-3) Expansion and change of ownership [ edit ] The expansion, which had begun in 1975, continued apace. By 1984, the brand had stores on London's King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) and LA's Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) , as well as branches in Sydney, Tokyo and Hong Kong. Its Milan store would attract up to 10,000 visitors on a Saturday at the peak of its success. [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) For a while, Elio Fiorucci's reach appeared unstoppable – he said: "we were never wrong" – but he struggled to manage the company's financial affairs. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) In 1981 Benetton (/wiki/Benetton_Group) bought Montedison's share in the company, selling it on to Aknofin six years later. Also in 1986, the New York store was forced to close, followed by other international outlets and the company went into administration (/wiki/Administration_(law)) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The Fiorucci label was sold to the Carrera jeans label, which sold it on in 1990 to the Japanese firm Edwin International. [5] (#cite_note-bio-5) [9] (#cite_note-La_rep-9) [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Fiorucci retained creative control under Edwin, but the relationship was not smooth. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) His original Fiorucci store in Milan closed in 2003. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The New York store closed in the same year, having moved downtown and – in post 9/11 (/wiki/9/11) New York – become a space that sponsored and supported new artists. AndrewAndrew (/wiki/AndrewAndrew) used the shop to launch their careers. [7] (#cite_note-Time_Plucinska-7) Later activities [ edit ] After the Fiorucci brand, Elio Fiorucci launched a new fashion label Love Therapy (/w/index.php?title=Love_Therapy&action=edit&redlink=1) , which included jeans, hoodies, clothes and accessories. [5] (#cite_note-bio-5) [10] (#cite_note-10) Five years after its launch, a licensing deal was agreed with Coin Group, with both women's and children's ranges being sold in branches of the retailer Oviesse. [3] (#cite_note-WWD_Turra-3) Brand influence and legacy [ edit ] It has been said that garments were the least important part of Fiorucci's success. Instead, it was the retail ambience and branding – he was an early adopter of the outrageous advertising campaign and even had the stickers for one monokini (/wiki/Monokini) campaign seized by the Italian police. [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) His most significant introductions was in jeans, which he cut close to the body and to fit women's shape. From 1982, his denims incorporated lycra (/wiki/Lycra) , and he also made jeans in other materials, including vinyl (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) The skintight – almost spray-on – look he created was said to have been inspired by the sight of women in Ibiza in wet jeans; Fiorucci, having noted that they fitted women's bodies better when wet, decided to recreate the effect, and his designs left little to the imagination. [7] (#cite_note-Time_Plucinska-7) [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) He helped to popularise animal prints in 1970s and early '80s fashion – his trademark was leopard-print – although he himself was a vegetarian and never used leather in his jeans or other garments. [7] (#cite_note-Time_Plucinska-7) [11] (#cite_note-Guardian_21072015-11) [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Fiorucci's influence on the disco scene was strong; his New York art director also styled the then rising star Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) Later, at the brand's 15th anniversary party in Studio 54, it was Madonna who agreed to jump out of the birthday cake. [8] (#cite_note-DT_22072015-8) [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) Fiorucci's brand had a name check – alongside Halston (/wiki/Halston) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) – in the Bernard Edwards (/wiki/Bernard_Edwards) and Nile Rodgers (/wiki/Nile_Rodgers) song "He's the Greatest Dancer", a disco anthem sung by Sister Sledge (/wiki/Sister_Sledge) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Horwell_240715-1) An obituary on the BBC Radio 4 programme Last Word (/wiki/Last_Word) (first broadcast on 18 August 2015) interviewed fashion curator at the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) Sonnet Stanfill, who suggested Elio Fiorucci helped to make fashion a lot less formal – transforming jeans into fashion that could be worn day or evening. She added that his design skills encompassed not just fashion but also retail environment and marketing materials, which combined to make the garments more compelling. Graphic designer Terry Jones (/wiki/Terry_Jones_(i-D)) suggested that his approach had a direct influence on fashion brands that followed, such as Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) and Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) . [12] (#cite_note-BBC_R4_Last_Word-12) Despite the flamboyance of the clothes and retail environments he created, Fiorucci's personal style was restrained – typically sweater and trousers – and he told WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) in 1976, in an interview about the opening of his Manhattan store that he was: "a merchant, not a man of fashion". [3] (#cite_note-WWD_Turra-3) He married twice and had three daughters. [4] (#cite_note-FT_Sanderson-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Horwell, Veronica (24 July 2015). "Elio Fiorucci obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jul/24/elio-fiorucci) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC_20072015_2-0) "Italian fashion designer Elio Fiorucci dies aged 80" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33602019) . BBC. 20 July 2015 . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Turra, Alessandra (20 July 2015). "Italian Fashion World Mourns Elio Fiorucci" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/elio-fiorucci-dead-at-10189772/) . WWD . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Sanderson, Rachel (24 July 2015). "Elio Fiorucci, designer and retailer, 1935-2015" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d6277046-3214-11e5-91ac-a5e17d9b4cff.html#axzz3iu44iKaU) . Financial Times . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Giovanni Orso (5 March 2012). "VISTI DA VICINO: Elio Fiorucci" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121110071718/http://www.ecodibiella.it/it/web/visti-da-vicino-br-elio-fiorucci-6103/sez/territorio) . L'Eco di Bergamo (/wiki/L%27Eco_di_Bergamo) . Archived from the original (http://www.ecodibiella.it/it/web/visti-da-vicino-br-elio-fiorucci-6103/sez/territorio) on 10 November 2012 . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) delponte, amalia (24 April 2012), Amalia Del Ponte e Elio Fiorucci - intervista di Matteo Giacometti , retrieved 16 February 2019 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Plucinska, Joanna (20 July 2015). "The King of Stretch Jeans, Elio Fiorucci, Has Passed Away" (http://time.com/3965345/elio-fiorucci-stretch-jeans-obituary/) . Time . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Elio Fiorucci, fashion designer – obituary" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11756005/Elio-Fiorucci-fashion-designer-obituary.html) . Daily Telegraph. 22 July 2015 . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-La_rep_9-0) Redazione (20 July 2015). "Milano, Elio Fiorucci morto in casa per un malore: col suo stile pop rivoluzionò la moda" (http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/07/20/news/milano_il_mondo_della_moda_e_in_lutto_elio_fiorucci_trovato_morto_nella_sua_casa-119468707/) . La Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Love Therapy orfana. Morto Elio Fiorucci" (http://voceditalia.it/articolo.asp?id=111806&titolo=Love%20Therapy%20orfana.%20Morto%20Elio%20Fiorucci) . Voce D'Italia . 20 July 2015 . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_21072015_11-0) "Fiorucci – a life in pictures" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2015/jul/21/fiorucci-a-life-in-pictures) . The Guardian. 21 July 2015 . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC_R4_Last_Word_12-0) Stanfill, Sonnet (14 August 2015). "Last Word" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b065061q) . BBC Radio 4 . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . External links [ edit ] Wikiquote has quotations related to Elio Fiorucci (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Elio_Fiorucci) . Love Therapy website (http://www.lovetherapy.it/) Last Word obituary on BBC Radio 4 (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b065061q) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1563597/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000020457906) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/15828709) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpJbrBM6yHb6qgyRKFtKd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/128669861) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/URBV228600) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001040853) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/164067256) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐th446 Cached time: 20240720180923 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.062 seconds Real time usage: 1.736 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2843/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33276/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1903/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 59738/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.734/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21279520/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1515.067 1 -total 26.29% 398.240 1 Template:Infobox_person 19.37% 293.541 1 Template:Short_description 18.86% 285.687 1 Template:Reflist 15.47% 234.436 1 Template:Authority_control 15.26% 231.261 18 Template:Main_other 14.95% 226.461 11 Template:Cite_news 14.63% 221.615 1 Template:IPA-it 14.45% 218.991 1 Template:IPA 13.34% 202.135 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47342924-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720180923 and revision id 1122458616. 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British magazine editor For the English actress Dorothy Ann Todd, see Ann Todd (/wiki/Ann_Todd) . Dorothy Todd (1883–1966) was a British magazine editor. [1] (#cite_note-Beaton2004-1) During her time as editor of British (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) Vogue from 1922 to 1926, Todd altered the magazine's interest and content from fashion to a broader inclusion of modernist literature and art. [2] (#cite_note-Pentelow_2017-2) Unlike her predecessor, Elspeth Champcommunal (/wiki/Elspeth_Champcommunal) , who focused on fashion, travel, and trends, Todd included works by modernists such as Wyndam Lewis (/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis) , Gertrude Stein (/wiki/Gertrude_Stein) , Clive Bell (/wiki/Clive_Bell) , Virginia Woolf (/wiki/Virginia_Woolf) , and Aldous Huxley (/wiki/Aldous_Huxley) . [3] (#cite_note-Fisher_2014-3) Much of "the failure of [her] Vogue to sustain itself within the specific context of Condé Nast's corporate structure and the general context of British culture in the 1920s" [4] (#cite_note-Reed_2006_pp._39–72-4) [5] (#cite_note-Conekin_2006_p.39-5) can probably be attributed to its progressive nature and "significant subcultural context" [4] (#cite_note-Reed_2006_pp._39–72-4) Todd was fired from Vogue by Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_(businessman)) in 1926 for taking the magazine in a direction he did not approve of. When Todd tried to sue for breach of contract she was told that her "private sins" would be exposed if she did so, which may have referred to her lesbianism but may also have referred to her illegitimate daughter, Helen. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1982, Madge Garland (/wiki/Madge_Garland) reflected that the firing and blackmail was rooted in homophobia, writing: "in the days when homosexuality was a criminal offence he [Condé Nast] was not above using the direct threat of disclosure to avoid paying up for a broken contract." [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Affectionately known as 'Dody', [4] (#cite_note-Reed_2006_pp._39–72-4) Todd was born in 1883, and during her time as editor, lived in Chelsea, London (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) with her lover and British Vogue 's fashion editor, Madge Garland (/wiki/Madge_Garland) . Their friend Freddie Ashton (/wiki/Freddie_Ashton) produced a ballet in 1926 entitled A Tragedy of Fashion , featuring two characters designed to parallel Todd and Garland. [8] (#cite_note-Pender_2007_pp._519–533-8) Publications and life after Vogue [ edit ] Todd published British Vogue for four years, between 1922 and 1926. She published The New Interior Decoration with Raymond Mortimer (/wiki/Raymond_Mortimer) in 1929. It was dedicated to Madge Garland. She ran a gallery for a short time in the 1930s, published an essay about Marion Dorn (/wiki/Marion_Dorn) 's work in the Architectural Review (/wiki/Architectural_Review) and held a job as a social worker during World War Two. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) She published an English translation of Le Corbusier (/wiki/Le_Corbusier) 's Sur les Quatre Routes in 1947, and an English translation of a biography of Metternich (/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich) in 1953. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Personal life [ edit ] Todd's personal life is only known in part. Her father was Christopher Todd, who was a wealthy property developer living and working in London. Her mother was his second wife, Ruthella Hetherington. The family, writes Lisa Cohen in All We Know: Three Lives , "lived in one of his grander properties, a large house on the newly developed Cromwell Road (/wiki/Cromwell_Road) ." [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) After Christopher's death, Ruthella spent most of what he left behind, preventing the money from going to his children - Todd included. Dorothy's daughter Helen was born in Paris in 1905. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) She grew up believing that Dorothy was her aunt, and this was how Dorothy presented their relationship publicly. Helen's paternity is unknown, but it is possible that she was conceived through sexual abuse. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Helen often lived with Dorothy and her various girlfriends in her youth, and was sent to university in Oxford (/wiki/Oxford) in the late 1920s. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Dorothy's most famous and perhaps significant relationship was with Madge Garland (/wiki/Madge_Garland) , who she promoted to fashion editor of British Vogue while they worked there together. They lived together in a flat in Chelsea until the late 1920s, after being fired from British Vogue and until the contents of the flat were seized by bailiffs settling Dorothy's debts. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) The flat was "a beautiful house for parties", in the words of Garland, and attendees included Olivia Wyndham (/wiki/Olivia_Wyndham) , Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) , Florence Mills (/wiki/Florence_Mills) and Dorothy Wilde (/wiki/Dorothy_Wilde) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Todd's presence in Garland's life is sometimes painted in a negative light, but Garland herself stated that "Other people will say she ruined by life, she ruined my marriage, she gave me a terrible time. To hell. I have no regrets at all. She fostered me and she helped me. She opened many doors. I repaid that debt in full, because I supported her later in life. But I owed her more than I could ever repay." [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Near the end of her life, while she was living in Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge) in the 1960s, Todd wooed a young Italian woman who left her husband to be with her. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) French historian Emmanuel Todd (/wiki/Emmanuel_Todd) is Dorothy Todd's great-grandson. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Beaton2004_1-0) Beaton, Cecil (2004). Beaton in the Sixties: The Cecil Beaton Diaries as He Wrote Them, 1965-1969 . Vol. 2. Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 30 note 3 (https://archive.org/details/beatoninsixties00ceci_0/page/30) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781400042975 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pentelow_2017_2-0) Pentelow, Orla (28 December 2017). "Vogue Editors Through The Years" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/past-british-vogue-editors-history) . British Vogue . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fisher_2014_3-0) Fisher, Alice (14 March 2014). "The 10 best Vogue moments" (https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2014/mar/14/10-best-vogue-moments-vogue-festival-london) . the Guardian . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Reed, Christopher (2006). "A Vogue That Dare Not Speak its Name: Sexual Subculture During the Editorship of Dorothy Todd, 1922–26". Fashion Theory . 10 (1–2). Informa UK Limited: 39–72. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/136270406778050996 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F136270406778050996) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 193363060 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193363060) . ^ (#cite_ref-Conekin_2006_p.39_5-0) Conekin, Becky (2006). Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture (in Estonian). Oxford: Berg. p. 39. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84520-275-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cohen, Lisa (2012). All We Know: Three Lives . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 263–264. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-53448-6 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Cohen, Lisa (2012). All We Know: Three Lives . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 266. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-53448-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pender_2007_pp._519–533_8-0) Pender, Anne (2007). " 'Modernist Madonnas': Dorothy Todd, Madge Garland and Virginia Woolf". Women's History Review (/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review) . 16 (4). Informa UK Limited: 519–533. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/09612020701445867 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612020701445867) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0961-2025 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0961-2025) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 143762499 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143762499) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Cohen, Lisa (2012). All We Know: Three Lives . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 343. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-53448-6 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cohen, Lisa (2012). All We Know: Three Lives . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 244. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-53448-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Cohen, Lisa (2012). All We Know: Three Lives . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 255. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-53448-6 . 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American TV series or program Making the Cut Genre Reality competition (/wiki/Reality_competition) Created by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) Presented by Heidi Klum Tim Gunn Judges Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Nicole Richie (/wiki/Nicole_Richie) Chiara Ferragni (/wiki/Chiara_Ferragni) Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) Joseph Altuzarra (/wiki/Joseph_Altuzarra) Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 3 No. of episodes 26 Production Executive producers Heidi Klum Tim Gunn Sara Rea Page Feldman Jennifer Love Running time 50–69 minutes Production companies SKR Productions Amazon Studios (/wiki/Amazon_Studios) Original release Network Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) Release March 27, 2020 ( 2020-03-27 ) – present Related Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Making the Cut is an American reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series created and presented by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) and Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) . The series premiered on March 27, 2020, on Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) . [1] (#cite_note-deadline-06-19-1) [2] (#cite_note-hollywood-reporter-06-19-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In March 2021, the series was renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on July 16, 2021. [4] (#cite_note-Del_Rosario-4) In April 2022, the series was renewed for a third season. The third season premiered on August 19, 2022. [5] (#cite_note-S3premieredate-5) Cast [ edit ] Hosts [ edit ] Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) Judges [ edit ] Season 1 [ edit ] Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Nicole Richie (/wiki/Nicole_Richie) Chiara Ferragni (/wiki/Chiara_Ferragni) Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) Joseph Altuzarra (/wiki/Joseph_Altuzarra) Season 2 [ edit ] Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Season 3 [ edit ] Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) Nicole Richie (/wiki/Nicole_Richie) Designers (Season 1) [ edit ] Name Age Hometown Placement Jonny Cota 35 Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Winner Esther Perbandt 43 Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Germany Runner-up Sander Bos 24 Hasselt (/wiki/Hasselt) , Belgium 3rd Megan Smith 38 Kansas City, Kansas (/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas) , U.S. 4th Ji Won Choi 26 Moore, Oklahoma (/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma) , U.S. 5th Rinat Brodach (/wiki/Rinat_Brodach) 35 Gan Yavne (/wiki/Gan_Yavne) , Israel 6th Sabato Russo 64 Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy 7th Will Riddle 31 Paris, Stark County, Ohio (/wiki/Paris,_Stark_County,_Ohio) , U.S. 8th Troy Arnold 34 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , U.S. 9th Joshua Hupper 38 Columbus, Ohio (/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio) , U.S. 10th Martha Gottwald 28 Richmond, Virginia (/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia) , U.S. 11th Jasmine Chong 31 Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) , Malaysia 12th Designers (Season 2) [ edit ] Name Hometown Placement Andrea Pitter (/wiki/Andrea_Pitter) Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) , U.S. Winner Gary Graham (/wiki/Gary_Graham_(fashion_designer)) Franklin, New York (/wiki/Franklin_(village),_New_York) , U.S Runner Up Andrea Salazar Medellín (/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn) , Colombia 3rd Lucie Brochard Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France 4th Raf Swiader Sosnowiec (/wiki/Sosnowiec) , Poland 5th Joshua Scacheri London (/wiki/London) , England 6th Ally Ferguson Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) , U.S. 7th Olivia OBlanc New Orleans, Louisiana (/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana) , U.S. 8th Dushyant Asthana Jaipur (/wiki/Jaipur) , India 9th Lendrell Martin South Orange, New Jersey (/wiki/South_Orange,_New_Jersey) , U.S. 10th Designers (Season 3) [ edit ] Name Hometown Placement Yannik Zamboni Zürich (/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich) , Switzerland Winner Rafael Chaouiche Curitiba (/wiki/Curitiba) , Brazil Runner Up Georgia Hardinge (/wiki/Georgia_Hardinge) London (/wiki/London) , England 3rd Jeanette Limas Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. 4th Markantoine Lynch-Boisvert Montréal (/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al) , Canada 5th Curtis Cassell Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) , U.S. 6th Sienna Li Harbin (/wiki/Harbin) , China 7th Gabriella Meyer Chicago, Illinois (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) , U.S. 8th Ciara Morgan Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) , U.S. 9th Emily Bargeron Savannah, Georgia (/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia) , U.S. 10th Episodes [ edit ] Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 1 (#Season_1_(202)) 10 March 27, 2020 ( 2020-03-27 ) April 24, 2020 ( 2020-04-24 ) 2 (#Season_2_(2021)) 8 July 16, 2021 ( 2021-07-16 ) August 6, 2021 ( 2021-08-06 ) 3 (#Season_3_(2022)) 8 August 19, 2022 ( 2022-08-19 ) September 9, 2022 ( 2022-09-09 ) Season 1 (2020) [ edit ] No. overall No. in season Title Original release date [6] (#cite_note-TFC-6) 1 1 "Heidi and Tim Are Back" March 27, 2020 ( 2020-03-27 ) 2 2 "Haute Couture" March 27, 2020 ( 2020-03-27 ) 3 3 "Collaboration" April 3, 2020 ( 2020-04-03 ) 4 4 "Fight For Your Life" April 3, 2020 ( 2020-04-03 ) 5 5 "Streetwear" April 10, 2020 ( 2020-04-10 ) 6 6 "Opposing Forces" April 10, 2020 ( 2020-04-10 ) 7 7 "Digital Marketing Campaign" April 17, 2020 ( 2020-04-17 ) 8 8 "Brand Evolution" April 17, 2020 ( 2020-04-17 ) 9 9 "Pop Up Shop" April 24, 2020 ( 2020-04-24 ) 10 10 "The Winner: The Next Global Brand" April 24, 2020 ( 2020-04-24 ) Season 2 (2021) [ edit ] No. overall No. in season Title Original release date [6] (#cite_note-TFC-6) 11 1 "Brand Statement" July 16, 2021 ( 2021-07-16 ) 12 2 "Resortware" July 16, 2021 ( 2021-07-16 ) 13 3 "Modern Wedding" July 23, 2021 ( 2021-07-23 ) 14 4 "Face Off" July 23, 2021 ( 2021-07-23 ) 15 5 "Avant-Garde" July 30, 2021 ( 2021-07-30 ) 16 6 "Video Campaign" July 30, 2021 ( 2021-07-30 ) 17 7 "Concept Store" August 6, 2021 ( 2021-08-06 ) 18 8 "Finale" August 6, 2021 ( 2021-08-06 ) Season 3 (2022) [ edit ] No. overall No. in season Title Original release date [6] (#cite_note-TFC-6) 19 1 "Evening Wear" August 19, 2022 ( 2022-08-19 ) 20 2 "Activewear Champions" August 19, 2022 ( 2022-08-19 ) 21 3 "Winter Wear" August 26, 2022 ( 2022-08-26 ) 22 4 "One Day, One Team" August 26, 2022 ( 2022-08-26 ) 23 5 "Festival Wear" September 2, 2022 ( 2022-09-02 ) 24 6 "Social Media Content" September 2, 2022 ( 2022-09-02 ) 25 7 "Concept Store" September 9, 2022 ( 2022-09-09 ) 26 8 "Finale" September 9, 2022 ( 2022-09-09 ) Designer progress [ edit ] Season 1 (2020) [ edit ] Designer Episodes Eliminated episode 1 2 3 [a] (#cite_note-7) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jonny IN LOW HIGH WIN HIGH HIGH WIN LOW WIN WINNER 10 - The Winner: The Next Global Brand Esther WIN WIN LOW IN LOW IN HIGH WIN IN RUNNER-UP Sander IN IN WIN IN IN [b] (#cite_note-8) WIN HIGH HIGH OUT 9 - Pop Up Shop Megan IN IN HIGH HIGH IN IN HIGH OUT 8 - Brand Evolution Ji Won HIGH HIGH [c] (#cite_note-9) IN IN IN LOW OUT 7 - Digital Marketing Campaign Rinat IN IN IN IN WIN OUT 6 - Opposing Forces Sabato IN IN WIN IN OUT 5 - Streetwear Will IN IN LOW OUT 4 - Fight For Your Life Troy IN IN LOW OUT Joshua IN IN OUT 3 - Collaboration Martha LOW OUT 2 - Haute Couture Jasmine OUT 1 - Heidi and Tim Are Back Season 2 (2021) [ edit ] Designer Episodes Eliminated episode 1 2 3 [d] (#cite_note-10) 4 [e] (#cite_note-11) 5 6 7 8 Andrea P. HIGH HIGH HIGH IN HIGH WIN IN WINNER 8 - Finale Gary WIN IN IN IN WIN WIN IN RUNNER-UP Andrea S. IN IN IN IN LOW HIGH WIN 3RD PLACE Lucie IN LOW WIN IN IN OUT 6 - Video Campaign Raf IN IN IN IN IN OUT Joshua LOW WIN WIN IN OUT 5 - Avant-Garde Ally IN IN LOW [f] (#cite_note-12) OUT 4 - Face Off Olivia IN IN LOW OUT Dushyant IN OUT 2 - Resortware Lendrell OUT 1 - Brand Statement Season 3 (2022) [ edit ] Designer Episodes Eliminated episode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yannik IN IN HIGH WIN LOW HIGH WIN WINNER 8 - Finale Rafael HIGH WIN IN HIGH IN LOW HIGH RUNNER-UP Georgia IN IN IN IN IN WIN LOW 3RD PLACE Jeanette IN LOW WIN HIGH WIN LOW OUT 7 - Concept Store Markantoine IN HIGH IN IN IN OUT 6 - Social Media Content Curtis HIGH HIGH [g] (#cite_note-13) LOW HIGH OUT 5 - Festival Wear Sienna WIN IN IN LOW OUT Gabriella IN IN OUT 3 - Winter Wear Ciara LOW OUT 2 - Active Champions Emily OUT 1 - Brand Statement ^ (#cite_ref-7) This was a team challenge so there were two winners for the winning looks. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Despite not being given a critique, Heidi informed Sander that his looks were not accessible and needed to be accessible moving forward. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Heidi informed Ji Won that her "Accessible" look would also be manufactured and available to purchase on Amazon after an Amazon Fashion representative saw her look and liked it. ^ (#cite_ref-10) This was a team challenge so there were two winners for the winning looks. ^ (#cite_ref-11) This was a face off between Ally and Olivia since the judges could not decide on who to eliminate from the previous episode. All other contestants served as sewing assistants and models for them during the episode. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ally was paired with Andrea P. and was originally in the top, but the judges put her in the bottom due to her personal aesthetic not being strong enough in the looks. ^ (#cite_ref-13) The guest judge informed Curtis that their "Accessible" look would also be manufactured and available to purchase on Amazon. The designer won Making The Cut. The designer won the challenge. The designer had some of the best looks for the challenge but did not win. The designer received feedback but was deemed safe. The designer was deemed safe and did not receive feedback. The designer was a sewing assistant/model for this challenge and was not up for elimination. The designer had some of the worst looks of the challenge but did not get eliminated. The designer was originally going to be eliminated, but one or more of the judges changed their minds. The designer was eliminated from the competition. Production [ edit ] On September 7, 2018, it was announced that Klum and Gunn would be leaving Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) to develop a fashion reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series for Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) . [7] (#cite_note-deadline-09-18-14) On June 26, 2019, it was announced that the series would be called Making the Cut and that Campbell, Richie, Roitfeld and Altuzarra would be judges on the show. [1] (#cite_note-deadline-06-19-1) [2] (#cite_note-hollywood-reporter-06-19-2) The series is executive produced by Klum, Gunn, Sara Rea, Page Feldman and Jennifer Love through SKR Productions. [1] (#cite_note-deadline-06-19-1) On March 2, 2021, the series was renewed for a second season. [8] (#cite_note-15) The second season premiered on July 16, 2021. [4] (#cite_note-Del_Rosario-4) On April 13, 2022, the series was renewed for a third season. [9] (#cite_note-16) The third season premiered on August 19, 2022. [5] (#cite_note-S3premieredate-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Petski, Denise (June 26, 2019). "Heidi Klum & Tim Gunn's Amazon Fashion Competition Series Gets Title, Naomi Campbell & Nicole Richie Among Judges" (https://deadline.com/2019/06/heidi-klum-tim-gunn-amazon-fashion-competition-series-title-naomi-campbell-nicole-richie-judges-1202638127) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved June 26, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Real, Evan (June 26, 2019). "Amazon Unveils Judges, Title of Heidi Klum and Tim Gunn's Fashion Competition Series" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/making-cut-first-look-at-heidi-klum-tim-gunns-amazon-fashion-series-1221054) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved June 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Amazon Original Series "Making the Cut" Hosted by Heidi Klum & Tim Gunn to Premiere March 27th on Amazon Prime Video" (http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2020/01/14/amazon-original-series-making-the-cut-hosted-by-heidi-klum-and-tim-gunn-to-premiere-march-27th-on-amazon-prime-video-140013/20200114amazon08/) . The Futon Critic (/wiki/The_Futon_Critic) . January 14, 2020. ^ Jump up to: a b Del Rosario, Alexandra (March 2, 2021). " (https://deadline.com/2021/03/making-the-cut-amazon-season-2-winnie-harlow-jeremy-scott-judge-1234704442/) 'Making The Cut': Amazon Orders Season 2 Of Fashion Competition Series; Winnie Harlow & Jeremy Scott To Judge" (https://deadline.com/2021/03/making-the-cut-amazon-season-2-winnie-harlow-jeremy-scott-judge-1234704442/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved March 2, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs, Meredith (June 28, 2022). " (https://www.tvinsider.com/1050172/making-the-cut-season-3-premiere-date-judges-designers-prime-video/) Making the Cut Sets Guest Judges, Designers for Season 3" (https://www.tvinsider.com/1050172/making-the-cut-season-3-premiere-date-judges-designers-prime-video/) . TV Insider (/wiki/TV_Insider) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Making the Cut – Listings" (http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/making-the-cut/listings/) . The Futon Critic (/wiki/The_Futon_Critic) . Retrieved February 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-deadline-09-18_14-0) Andreeva, Nellie (September 7, 2018). "Heidi Klum & Tim Gunn Exit 'Project Runway', Team With Amazon For New Fashion Reality Series" (https://deadline.com/2018/09/heidi-klum-tim-gunn-exit-project-runway-amazon-new-fashion-reality-series-1202459089/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved September 7, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Del Rosario, Alexandra (March 2, 2021). " (https://deadline.com/2021/03/making-the-cut-amazon-season-2-winnie-harlow-jeremy-scott-judge-1234704442/) 'Making The Cut' Renewed For Season 2 By Amazon; Winnie Harlow & Jeremy Scott Join Fashion Competition Series As Judges" (https://deadline.com/2021/03/making-the-cut-amazon-season-2-winnie-harlow-jeremy-scott-judge-1234704442/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved March 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) White, Peter (April 13, 2022). " (https://deadline.com/2022/04/making-the-cut-renewed-season-3-amazon-1235001319/) 'Making The Cut' Renewed For Season 3 At Amazon" (https://deadline.com/2022/04/making-the-cut-renewed-season-3-amazon-1235001319/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved April 15, 2022 . 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Textiles from Tamil Nadu, India Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees Geographical indication (/wiki/Geographical_indication) Description Silk saris (/wiki/Sari) from Thirubuvanam (/wiki/Thirubuvanam) region Type Handicraft Area Thirubuvanam (/wiki/Thirubuvanam) , Thanjavur district (/wiki/Thanjavur_district) , Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Country India Registered 2018–19 Material silk (/wiki/Silk) Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees are a silk saris (/wiki/Sari) woven in the Thirubuvanam (/wiki/Thirubuvanam) region in Thanjavur district (/wiki/Thanjavur_district) of the Indian state (/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India) of Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It was declared as a Geographical indication (/wiki/List_of_geographical_indications_in_India) in 2018–19. [2] (#cite_note-2) Description [ edit ] These include silk saris (/wiki/Sari) woven in the Thirubuvanam (/wiki/Thirubuvanam) region near Kumbakonam (/wiki/Kumbakonam) in Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) . The silk saris measure about 12 ft (3.7 m) in length and 4 ft (1.2 m) in breadth, weighing about 400 g (14 oz) without the zari (/wiki/Zari) . [3] (#cite_note-TNIE-3) The saris are known for its extensive border and pallu designs with extensive zari work and higher thread count. [4] (#cite_note-4) The weavers are part of a co-operative (/wiki/Co-operative) named Thirubuvanam Silk Handloom Weavers Co-operative Production and Sale Society Limited (THICO), which was established in 1955. [3] (#cite_note-TNIE-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Application details" (https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/480) . Government of India (/wiki/Government_of_India) . Retrieved 1 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Geographical indications in India (https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm) (Report). Government of India (/wiki/Government_of_India) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231203233006/https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm) from the original on 3 December 2023 . Retrieved 1 December 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Thirubuvanam Silk saree gets GI tag after a wait for 5 years" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/tamil-nadu/2019/Mar/13/thirubuvanam-silk-saree-gets-gi-tag-after-a-wait-for-5-years-1950423.html) . The New Indian Express (/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express) . 13 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tamil Nadu's Thirubuvanam silk sari gets GI tag" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-thirubuvanam-silk-sari-gets-gi-tag/articleshow/68376518.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 12 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 December 2023 . v t e Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu (/wiki/List_of_geographical_indications_in_India) 2005-06 Bhavani Jamakkalam (/wiki/Bhavani_Jamakkalam) Coimbatore Wet Grinder (/wiki/Coimbatore_Wet_Grinder) Kanchipuram Silk (/wiki/Kanchipuram_Silk) Madurai Sungudi (/wiki/Madurai_Sungudi) Salem Fabric (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Salem) 2007-08 Alleppey Green Cardamom (/wiki/Alleppey_Green_Cardamom) Arani Silk (/wiki/Arani_Silk) East India Leather (/wiki/East_India_Leather) Kovai Cora Cotton Sarees (/wiki/Kovai_Cora_Cotton) Malabar Pepper (/wiki/Malabar_pepper) Salem Venpattu (/wiki/Salem_silk) Temple Jewellery of Nagercoil (/wiki/Temple_Jewellery_of_Nagercoil) Thanjavur Art Plate (/wiki/Thanjavur_Art_Plate) Thanjavur Paintings (/wiki/Thanjavur_Paintings) 2008-09 Eathomozhy Tall Coconut (/wiki/Eathomozhy_Tall_Coconut) Nilgiri tea (/wiki/Nilgiri_tea) Sirumalai Hill Banana (/wiki/Sirumalai_Hill_Banana) Swamimalai Bronze Icons (/wiki/Swamimalai_Bronze_Icons) Thanjavur Doll (/wiki/Thanjavur_Doll) Virupakshi Hill Banana (/wiki/Virupakshi_Hill_Banana) 2012-13 Chettinad Kottan (/wiki/Chettinad_Kottan) Madurai Malli (/wiki/Madurai_Malli) Nachiarkoil Lamp (/wiki/Nachiarkoil_lamp) Pattamadai Mat (/wiki/Pattamadai_Mat) Thanjavur Veenai (/wiki/Thanjavur_Veenai) Toda Embroidery (/wiki/Toda_Embroidery) 2017-18 Mahabalipuram Stone Sculpture (/wiki/Group_of_Monuments_at_Mahabalipuram) 2018-19 Erode Turmeric (/wiki/Erode_Turmeric) Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees 2019-20 Dindigul (/wiki/Dindigul) Locks (/wiki/Lock_and_key) Kandangi Saree (/wiki/Kandangi) Kodaikanal (/wiki/Kodaikanal) Malai Poondu (/wiki/Garlic) Kovilpatti (/wiki/Kovilpatti) Kadalai Mittai (/wiki/Chikki) Palani Panchamirtham (/wiki/Palani_Panchamirtham) Srivilliputhur (/wiki/Srivilliputhur) Palkova (/wiki/List_of_Indian_sweets_and_desserts) 2020-21 Arumbavur (/wiki/Arumbavur) Wood Carving (/wiki/Wood_Carving) Kallakurichi (/wiki/Kallakurichi) Wood Carving (/wiki/Wood_Carving) Kanniyakumari (/wiki/Kanniyakumari) Clove (/wiki/Clove) Karuppur (/wiki/Karuppur,_Kumbakonam) Kalamkari Paintings (/wiki/Kalamkari) Narasinghapettai (/wiki/Thanjavur_district) Nagaswaram (/wiki/Nagaswaram) Thanjavur (/wiki/Thanjavur) Netti Works (/wiki/Aeschynomene_aspera) 2022-23 Authoor (/wiki/Athur,_Thoothukudi) Vetrilai (/wiki/Betel) Cumbum (/wiki/Cumbum_valley) Panneer Thratchai (/wiki/Grape) Manamadurai (/wiki/Manamadurai) Pottery (/wiki/Pottery) Manapparai Murukku (/wiki/Manapparai_Murukku) Marthandam (/wiki/Marthandam) Honey (/wiki/Honey) Myladi (/wiki/Myladi,_Tamil_Nadu) Stone Carvings (/wiki/Sculpture) Negamam (/wiki/Periya_Negamam) Cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Saree (/wiki/Saree) Ooty Varkey (/wiki/Ooty_varkey) Ramnathapuram (/wiki/Ramnathapuram) Mundu Chilli (/wiki/Chili_pepper) Salem (/wiki/Salem,_India) Sago (/wiki/Sago) Sholavandan (/wiki/Sholavandan) Vetrilai (/wiki/Betel) Thaikkal (/wiki/Kollidam_block) Rattan Craft (/wiki/Rattan) Vellore (/wiki/Vellore) Spiny Brinjal (/wiki/Brinjal) 2023-24 Chedibutta (/wiki/Chettinad) Saree (/wiki/Saree) Jaderi (/wiki/Cheyyar_block) Nama (/wiki/Urdhva_Pundra) katti (/wiki/Chalk) Kanyakumari (/wiki/Kanyakumari) Matti Banana (/wiki/Banana) Udangudi (/wiki/Udangudi) Panangkarupatti (/wiki/Jaggery) v t e Sari (/wiki/Sari) Central (/wiki/Central_India) Chanderi (/wiki/Chanderi_sari) Kosa (/wiki/Tussar_silk) East (/wiki/East_India) Baluchari (/wiki/Baluchari_sari) Berhampuri (/wiki/Berhampur_Patta) Bhagalpur (/wiki/Bhagalpur_sari) Bomkai (/wiki/Bomkai_sari) Dhakai (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhaniakhali (/wiki/Dhaniakhali_Sari) Garad (/wiki/Garad_Saree) Habaspuri (/wiki/Habaspuri_sari) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Khandua (/wiki/Khandua) Mekhela (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Murshidabad (/wiki/Murshidabad_silk) Pasapali (/wiki/Pasapali_sari) Rajshahi (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sambalpuri (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Shantipuri (/wiki/Shantipuri_sari) Tangail (/wiki/Tangail_Saree_(West_Bengal)) Tant (/wiki/Tant_sari) Tussar (/wiki/Tussar_silk) North (/wiki/North_India) Banarasi (/wiki/Banarasi_sari) Shalu (/wiki/Shalu_(sari)) South (/wiki/South_India) Arani (/wiki/Arani_Sari) Coimbatore (/wiki/Kovai_Cora_Cotton) Gadwal (/wiki/Gadwal_sari) Gollabhama (/wiki/Gollabhama_sari) Ilkal (/wiki/Ilkal_sari) Kanchipuram (/wiki/Kanchipuram_silk_sari) Kandangi (/wiki/Kandangi) Kuthampully (/wiki/Kuthampully_Saree) Madurai (/wiki/Madurai_Sungudi) Mangalagiri (/wiki/Mangalagiri_Sarees_and_Fabrics) Molakalmuru (/wiki/Molakalmuru_sari) Mundum Neriyathum (/wiki/Mundum_Neriyathum) Mysore (/wiki/Mysore_silk) Pochampally (/wiki/Pochampally_sari) Salem (/wiki/Salem_silk) Thirubuvanam Uppada Jamdani (/wiki/Uppada_Jamdani_Sari) Venkatagiri (/wiki/Venkatagiri_Sari) West (/wiki/West_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Kasta (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Paithani (/wiki/Paithani) Patola (/wiki/Patola_sari) Related topics Sari diplomacy (/wiki/Sari_diplomacy) Wedding sari (/wiki/Wedding_sari) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐8wsr9 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirubuvanam_Silk_Sarees&oldid=1226046308 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirubuvanam_Silk_Sarees&oldid=1226046308) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Category:Geographical_indications_in_Tamil_Nadu) Saris (/wiki/Category:Saris) Silk in India (/wiki/Category:Silk_in_India) Tamil clothing (/wiki/Category:Tamil_clothing) Textile industry in Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Category:Textile_industry_in_Tamil_Nadu) Thanjavur district (/wiki/Category:Thanjavur_district) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description)
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Craft museum, tracht museum in Vorarlberg, Austria Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg Woman fabricating a juppe (2007) Established 2003 [1] (#cite_note-moh-1) Location Riefensberg (/wiki/Riefensberg) , Vorarlberg (/wiki/Vorarlberg) , Austria (/wiki/Austria) Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 47°30′19″N 9°57′50″E / 47.5052°N 9.9639°E / 47.5052; 9.9639 Type Craft museum, tracht museum President Martina Mätzler Architect Gerhard Gruber Website http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/ (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/) The Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg is a craft workshop and museum in Riefensberg (/wiki/Riefensberg) in Vorarlberg (/wiki/Vorarlberg) ( Austria (/wiki/Austria) ). It is a non-profit association (/wiki/Nonprofit_organization) that pursues the goal of maintaining and caring for the Vorarlberg costumes, especially the Bregenz Forest women's costumes (/wiki/Bregenz_Forest#Tracht) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It is the only manufacture in the Bregenz Forest (/wiki/Bregenz_Forest) that still produces the Bregenzerwälder tracht (/wiki/Tracht) in the traditional way. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Juppenwerkstatt is also the point of contact when it comes to assessing, appraising or mediating already used traditional costumes or accessories. [4] (#cite_note-Regionalentwicklung_Vorarlberg-4) The juppe [ edit ] The juppe is a woman's costume and headgear from the Bregenz Forest. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The origin of the word juppe is the French (/wiki/French_language) word for skirt, "jupe". [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Juppenwerkstatt literally means "workshop of the juppe". The juppe is one of the oldest costumes in Europe. In its basic cut, this type of costume can be traced back to the Early Middle Ages (/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) At that time still white (saves the dye colour), later brown, it came under the influence of Spanish fashion, in which black and indigo blue were the expensive colors of the nobility. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) The fabrication [ edit ] The production and the dyeing of the fabric for the juppe is a centuries-old craft that is only practiced in the Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg. The workshop works on pre-order and only in a small number in stock. [6] (#cite_note-6) For dyeing, glue is boiled for hours in pots according to an ancient recipe, which is made from 16 kilos of cowhide (/wiki/Cowhide) . The black-dyed linen (/wiki/Linen) fabric is dipped into it, slightly twisted, laid out on the meadow and then shined and pleated by machines that are more than a hundred years old. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) The pleating (/wiki/Pleat) machine set up in Riefensberg was built by a Bregenz Forest locksmith (/wiki/Locksmithing) over many years after he had drawn a machine that was exhibited at the Paris World's Fair in 1889 (/wiki/Paris_World%27s_Fair_of_1889) in great detail, and has since replaced the otherwise very laborious pleating by hand. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) The Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg produces a special juppe fabric made of glossy linen. It is worldwide exclusively produced there. The textile takes a full six months until it is finally suitable for further processing. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The Bregenz Forest is the only valley in which there is a separate artisan for every detail of the traditional costume. These include hat makers, jupp seamstresses, embroiderers, weavers and goldsmiths for the belt buckles. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Girl in a white juppe (front) Girl in a white juppe (back) Woman in blackmith costume with daughter in redmith costume The "Bleotz" which is artfully decorated with gold-silver embroidery Three-part belt of a female Bregenz Forest costume Women in the Bregenz Forest costume with summer straw hats ("Schäohüte") The museum [ edit ] The Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg is open to visitors from May 1 to October 31. Visitors are able to get an idea of the hard work and to follow the creation process of the stiff, shiny fabric, which is laid in hundreds of folds. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) In order to introduce visitors to the elaborate production of a Bregenz Forest women's costume, a seamstress (/wiki/Dressmaker) , embroiderer (/wiki/Embroidery) , weaver or hat maker (/wiki/Hatmaking) is present as part of a tour. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) Guided tours are possible by appointment. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Juppenwerkstatt has its own collection of costumes, which it is constantly expanding and which is presented as part of the exhibitions. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) Special exhibitions deal with different parts of the tracht (e.g., the belt, the hat), with the production and treatment of the juppe fabric (e.g., transfer printing (/wiki/Transfer_printing) and embossing (/wiki/Embossing_(manufacturing)) ) or with various costume designs from the region and beyond. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) History of the museum [ edit ] In 1993, [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) when the last traditional costume dyer in the Bregenz Forest closed his business due to age, the continued existence of the traditional linen costume of the Bregenz Forest women was in danger. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) It was not produced for ten years. Shortly before the death of the last costume dyer, he passed on the secret of the juppe dyeing. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) With the support of the state (/wiki/Vorarlberg) and the European LEADER programme (/wiki/LEADER_programme) , [4] (#cite_note-Regionalentwicklung_Vorarlberg-4) the municipality of Riefensberg (/wiki/Riefensberg) was ready to set up a new costume dyeing facility in the business section of the old Krone inn, which was supposed to provide the fabrics for the continuing need for Juppen and give visitors an insight into the manufacturing process. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) In 2002, the non-profit organisation "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" was founded. [4] (#cite_note-Regionalentwicklung_Vorarlberg-4) In 2003, the workshop and museum was opened. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) Architecture [ edit ] The Bregenz (/wiki/Bregenz) architect Gerhard Gruber was commissioned [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) with the adaptation of a 350-year-old farm building in the center of Riefensberg. This means that the old farmhouse was not demolished and replaced by a functional new building, but the current user, the Juppenwerkstatt, adapted to the circumstances. [12] (#cite_note-:5-12) The renovation was carried out by local craft businesses using locally available building materials. [4] (#cite_note-Regionalentwicklung_Vorarlberg-4) The dye works was built in the basement, while further work steps on the way to the juppe are housed in the former cattle barn, horse stable and haystack. The three main work areas finishing kitchen (dyeing black and strengthening with glue), glazing room (shining) and pleating room ( pleating (/wiki/Pleat) ) are housed here. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Heating the building would not be justifiable from an energetic point of view, so the workshop is closed in winter. Only one room inside the room, a "box" in the barn, can be heated. The sewing room is located in it and the room functions as a course room. The top and bottom of the box reinforce the gable wall. [12] (#cite_note-:5-12) The wooden shingle facade on the northeast side of the building was completely replaced by a facade made of large glass shingles. This allowed the character of the old windowless facade to be retained. [13] (#cite_note-13) When asked about the nature of his project, Gerhard Gruber thinks that the Juppenwerkstatt corresponds to the attempt to counteract the "museumisation" of the valuable Bregenzerwald costume, the thicket and the dust of decades and to keep the dialogue between tradition and progress going. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) See also [ edit ] List of museums of Vorarlberg (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Vorarlberg) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-moh_1-0) "VOLhighspeed in der Juppenwerkstatt" (https://www.volhighspeed.at/volhighspeed-in-der-juppenwerkstatt/) . Retrieved August 7, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "VOLhighspeed in der Juppenwerkstatt" (https://www.volhighspeed.at/volhighspeed-in-der-juppenwerkstatt/) . VOLhighspeed . Retrieved 7 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (https://museenvorarlberg.at/museum.php?s=juppenwerkstatt-riefensberg) . museenvorarlberg.at . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Regionalentwicklung Vorarlberg" (https://www.regio-v.at/projects/46/trachtennaeherei) . www.regio-v.at . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Erhaben und aufrecht, verspielt und gewagt" (https://www.bregenzerwald.at/geschichte/erhaben-und-aufrecht-verspielt-und-gewagt/) . Bregenzerwald in Vorarlberg (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "[SCHAU-]Werkstatt & Verkauf – Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/sample-page/das-haus/aufgaben/aufgaben-2/) (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (https://www.proholz.at/zuschnitt/29/juppenwerkstatt-riefensberg) . proHolz Austria (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b "MUSEUM – Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/sample-page/das-haus/aufgaben/museum-sammlung-forschung/) (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (https://www.bregenzerwald.at/aktivitaet/juppenwerkstatt-riefensberg-2/) . Bregenzerwald in Vorarlberg (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg in Österreich, Vorarlberg - alpen-guide.de" (https://www.alpen-guide.de/reisefuehrer/poi/juppenwerkstatt-riefensberg) . www.alpen-guide.de . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "STOFFERZEUGUNG – Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/sample-page/das-haus/stofferzeugung/) (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg – Energieregion Vorderwald" (https://www.energieregion-vorderwald.at/exkursion/juppenwerkstatt-riefensberg) (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "ARCHITEKTUR – Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg" (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/sample-page/das-haus/architektur/) (in German) . Retrieved 2021-08-07 . External links [ edit ] Home page (http://www.juppenwerkstatt.at/) (in German) Website of "Intracht" (https://www.intracht.at/) , an association to maintain the traditional Bregenz Forest juppe (in German) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐685fcc5bdb‐vcnl6 Cached time: 20240711165253 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.425 seconds Real time usage: 0.856 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1423/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31764/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3084/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.292/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15956785/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 674.263 1 -total 52.39% 353.220 1 Template:Infobox_museum 38.56% 259.987 1 Template:Infobox 28.85% 194.507 1 Template:Coord 23.85% 160.829 1 Template:Reflist 20.43% 137.756 13 Template:Cite_web 16.07% 108.344 2 Template:In_lang 14.28% 96.299 5 Template:Main_other 4.37% 29.450 2 Template:Pagetype 2.82% 19.029 1 Template:Has_short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68422338-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711165253 and revision id 1177249032. 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Pauric Sweeney Born County Donegal (/wiki/County_Donegal) , Ulster (/wiki/Ulster) , Ireland Occupation Designer Pauric Sweeney is a luxury (/wiki/Luxury_good) handbag (/wiki/Handbag) designer from Ireland (/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland) . Sweeney was born in County Donegal (/wiki/County_Donegal) in 1973. He has won the London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) New Generation Award for two consecutive seasons and is noted for his clean and minimalistic lines. Early life [ edit ] Sweeney was born in County Donegal (/wiki/County_Donegal) in Ulster (/wiki/Ulster) , and was raised in Falcarragh (/wiki/Falcarragh) , a small town in the district of Cloughaneely (/wiki/Cloughaneely) in the north of County Donegal. [1] (#cite_note-1) He attended Blackrock College (/wiki/Blackrock_College) in Dublin (/wiki/Dublin) as a boarder before studying Architecture (/wiki/Architecture) at Temple University (/wiki/Temple_University) in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) . [2] (#cite_note-2) At Blackrock College, Sweeney was friends with fellow designer Paul Costelloe (/wiki/Paul_Costelloe) . Sweeney moved to London (/wiki/London) in the late 90s where he lived in East London (/wiki/East_London) along with other young and new designers such as Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) and Lee Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Lee_Alexander_McQueen) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In the 1990s, Sweeney launched a multi-brand designer store and gallery at the fashion cult location called Root at The Old Truman Brewery at Brick Lane (/wiki/Brick_Lane) to much acclaim. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Sweeney began his fashion career as a jewellery designer in the late 90s, after which he progressed to designing ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) in 2000. [5] (#cite_note-5) His first collection was titled "Wish U Were Gothic" and was revealed at the Louvre in Paris in 2000. [6] (#cite_note-6) He debuted his first collection at London Fashion Week in 2001 to much acclaim. His last ready-to-wear collection titled "Succubus" was shown at The Royal Opera House (/wiki/The_Royal_Opera_House) in London, and featured handbags made by the designer. It was then that his friend Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) of the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) suggested that he focus his attentions on designing handbags. [7] (#cite_note-7) Pauric Sweeney (http://www.pauricsweeney.com) handbags were launched in 2004 to much anticipation from the fashion world. Since then, he has amassed celebrity fans such as Leigh Lezark (/wiki/Leigh_Lezark) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Liberty Ross (/wiki/Liberty_Ross) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) , Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) , and Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) amongst many others. [8] (#cite_note-8) Sweeney opened his flagship (/wiki/Flagship) store in the posh Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) district of London in December 2011. Drawing inspiration from his architecture background, the store was praised as being "a treat for the senses" by Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_UK) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The flagship store is located at 33A Bruton Place, Mayfair, London, W1J 6NP. [ citation needed ] Sweeney has worked with Raf Simons (/wiki/Raf_Simons) as Creative Director of Accessories at Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In addition, he has collaborated with Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) of Comme Des Garcons (/wiki/Comme_Des_Garcons) , and worked for international department store Lane Crawford (/wiki/Lane_Crawford) . In 2012, Sweeney collaborated with Chilean (/wiki/Chile) vineyard (/wiki/Vineyard) Carmen Wines to create a limited edition bag. [ citation needed ] Sweeney has been compared to Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) by several magazines because of his impeccable eye for design and quality. [11] (#cite_note-11) In addition to his new swanky flagship store, Pauric Sweeney's bags also retail at highly prestigious department stores such as Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) , and Brown Thomas (/wiki/Brown_Thomas) , as well as online via Net-A-Porter and Cocosa amongst others. Sweeney now has three lines: Pauric Sweeney (his main exotic-skin line of handbags), Pauric by Pauric (diffusion leather line), and Sweeney (men's line). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Donegal Handbag King Returns To Live In Ireland ( Donegal Daily , 24 July 2012). https://www.donegaldaily.com/2012/07/24/donegal-handbag-king-returns-to-live-in-ireland/ (https://www.donegaldaily.com/2012/07/24/donegal-handbag-king-returns-to-live-in-ireland/) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Avenue 32. "Pauric Sweeney Profile" (http://www.avenue32.com/designers/pauric-sweeney/profile.html) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Modem, Online. "Pauric Sweeney" (http://www.modemonline.com/fashion/mini-web-sites/fashion-brands/references/pauricsweeney) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fashion Model Directory- Pauric Sweeney" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/pauric-sweeney/) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion Model Directory" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/pauric-sweeney/) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cara, and Co. "Pauric Sweeney Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120322092009/http://www.caraandco.com/en/brand/accessories/pauric_sweeney/) . Archived from the original (http://www.caraandco.com/en/brand/accessories/pauric_sweeney/) on 22 March 2012 . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Garcons are Just Mad About Our Sweeney's Hot Stuff" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/the-garcons-are-just-mad-about-our-sweeneys-hot-stuff-486160.html) . The Independent . 14 November 2004 . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Vogue, Italia. "Deluxe Bags by Pauric" (http://www.vogue.it/en/shows/oddities/2010/x/bag-pauric-sweeney) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Vogue UK. "Swooning for Sweeney" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120727021716/http://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-vogue-blog/2012/07/23/swooning-for-sweeney) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-vogue-blog/2012/07/23/swooning-for-sweeney) on 27 July 2012 . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) British Fashion Council. "London Collections: Men" (http://www.londoncollections.co.uk/men/designer/2055/Pauric-Sweeney-(Men's)) . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Pauric by Pauric Available Exclusively at Asos" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130920071106/http://idolmag.co.uk/archive/201204?page=2) . Idol Magazine . April 2012. Archived from the original (http://idolmag.co.uk/archive/201204?page=2) on 20 September 2013 . Retrieved 23 October 2012 . External links [ edit ] http://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/bags.htm (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/bags.htm) http://www.londoncollections.co.uk/men/designer/2055/Pauric-Sweeney-(Men's) (http://www.londoncollections.co.uk/men/designer/2055/Pauric-Sweeney-(Men's)) https://web.archive.org/web/20120322092009/http://www.caraandco.com/en/brand/accessories/pauric_sweeney/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20120322092009/http://www.caraandco.com/en/brand/accessories/pauric_sweeney/) http://www.vogue.it/en/shows/oddities/2010/x/bag-pauric-sweeney (http://www.vogue.it/en/shows/oddities/2010/x/bag-pauric-sweeney) https://web.archive.org/web/20130920071106/http://idolmag.co.uk/archive/201204?page=2 (https://web.archive.org/web/20130920071106/http://idolmag.co.uk/archive/201204?page=2) https://web.archive.org/web/20120727021716/http://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-vogue-blog/2012/07/23/swooning-for-sweeney (https://web.archive.org/web/20120727021716/http://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-vogue-blog/2012/07/23/swooning-for-sweeney) http://www.avenue32.com/designers/pauric-sweeney/profile.html (http://www.avenue32.com/designers/pauric-sweeney/profile.html) https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003940/http://www.chicanduntroubled.com/search/fashion+designer?page=17 (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003940/http://www.chicanduntroubled.com/search/fashion+designer?page=17) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐59959768fb‐jhsnq Cached time: 20240713215517 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.326 seconds Real time usage: 0.559 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2302/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22432/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1944/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5850205/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 457.784 1 -total 32.00% 146.489 1 Template:Reflist 29.91% 136.930 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.42% 116.385 8 Template:Cite_web 23.48% 107.483 2 Template:Fact 21.95% 100.501 2 Template:Fix 6.82% 31.209 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 6.45% 29.511 1 Template:Wikidata_image 6.02% 27.544 4 Template:Category_handler 5.28% 24.167 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37420783-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713215517 and revision id 1159491313. 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Valley Apparel, L.L.C. Company type Private (/wiki/Privately-held_company) Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded Knoxville, Tennessee (/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee) 1959 Headquarters Knoxville, Tennessee (/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee) , United States Key people John Niethammer, Owner / President Jeffrey D. Niethammer, Owner / Executive Vice President Website www.valleyapparel.net (http://www.valleyapparel.net/) Valley Apparel L.L.C. is a United States (/wiki/United_States) brand (/wiki/Brand) of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) consisting of Flight jackets (/wiki/Flight_jacket) and military (/wiki/Military_tactics) outerwear manufactured in Knoxville, Tennessee (/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee) for the United States Armed Forces (/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces) . Founded in 1959 and independent since 2000, Valley specializes in military style apparel for both the consumer market and military customers in the United States Department of Defense (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) (DoD). History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] In January, 1948 Robert Lane formed Superior Togs Corporation (/w/index.php?title=Superior_Togs_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1) in New York City to manufacture flight jackets (/wiki/Flight_jacket) for the Department of Defense (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) . In 1951 he moved his expanding business to a factory to Elizabeth, New Jersey (/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey) . The following year the Government suspended operations for problems related to contract obligations. In response Lane reformed his company under a different name, Rolen Sportswear (/w/index.php?title=Rolen_Sportswear&action=edit&redlink=1) , and resumed production of flight jackets for the DoD. [1] (#cite_note-Origins-1) By 1957 Lane sought to expand. This was achieved by creating a new company, Dobbs Industries, under 90% ownership of Lane's accountant, Samuel Gelber. Lane decided to locate Dobbs in Knoxville, Tennessee (/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee) where they were able to lease factory space from Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) and acquire labor and supplies from the Wynn Industries Group. The Blount Avenue factory complex c.1984. Formerly part of Alpha Industries, the building in now home to Valley Apparel L.L.C. Dobbs functioned as a subcontractor of Rolen Sportswear until 1959 when Robert Lane was caught bribing Government officials for contacts. Both Rolen Sportswear and Dobbs Industries were suspended from DoD contracts, their only source of revenue. In response Gelber approached the Wynn Industries Group and established his own company to continue flight jacket contracts for the U.S. military. Creation of Valley Apparel [ edit ] In 1961 John Niethammer was hired by one of the Wynn Group's subsidiaries to develop quality controls plans to meet Government standards. In 1982 he became an operating officer of the company. Following a decision in 2000 to separate the commercial and government sides of the business John purchased the main Knoxville manufacturing plants from Alpha Industries (/wiki/Alpha_Industries) and began Valley Apparel L.L.C., aimed specifically at fulfilling DoD contracts. Today [ edit ] Valley Apparel is today a supplier of outerwear to the U.S. military, especially of Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) fabrics. Since splitting from Alpha they have fulfilled a number of military contracts. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInsideGov2002-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInsideGov2013-3) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGovSpending2013-4) Products [ edit ] Valley Apparel produces namely: [5] (#cite_note-products-5) 36/P Flight jacket 45/P Flight jacket APECS (/wiki/APECS) Parka and Trousers USN (/wiki/United_States_Navy) Shipboard Jackets N-3B Parka Notes [ edit ] Cirker, Alan D. (2009). Alpha Industries Inc.: A Fifty Year History of an American Clothing Contractor . Chantilly, Virginia: Baker Hill Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-615-29181-9 . "Government Contracts" (http://government-contracts.insidegov.com/l/4290887/SP010002D4016) . Inside Gov . United States: United States Government. 2002 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . "Government Contracts" (http://government-contracts.insidegov.com/l/4703854/SPM1C113C0009) . Inside Gov . United States: United States Government. 2013 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . "Government Contracts" (http://www.governmentspending.us/contractors/valley-apparel-llc/4792) . Government Spending . United States: United States Government. 2013 . Retrieved 21 July 2015 . External links [ edit ] Valley Apparel Official Website (http://www.valleyapparel.net/) ^ (#cite_ref-Origins_1-0) Cirker, Alan D. (2009). Alpha Industries Inc.: A Fifty Year History of an American Clothing Contractor . Chantilly, Virginia: Baker Hill Publishing. p. 10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-615-29181-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInsideGov2002_2-0) InsideGov 2002 (#CITEREFInsideGov2002) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInsideGov2013_3-0) InsideGov 2013 (#CITEREFInsideGov2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGovSpending2013_4-0) GovSpending 2013 (#CITEREFGovSpending2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-products_5-0) "Valley Apparel" (http://www.valleyapparel.net) . valleyapparel.net. 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Algerian clothing This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Blusa) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Blusa) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Blusa##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blusa&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Blusa" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Blusa%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Blusa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Blusa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Blusa%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Blusa%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Blusa%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2022 ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Blusa&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Blusa&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Blusa) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Blusa) for suggestions. ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Blusa Type Algerian clothing Place of origin Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) [1] (#cite_note-Belkaid-1) The blusa is a full-length dress with short sleeves originating from the Oran (/wiki/Oran) and Tlemcen (/wiki/Tlemcen) region of Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) . [1] (#cite_note-Belkaid-1) It is a garment worn by urban women in north-western Algeria. The garment was conceived and developed in the Algerian cities Tlemcen and Oran. The ancestor of the modern blusa is the abaya (/wiki/Abaya) dress, which derives from the medieval tunic worn in ancient Algerian cities from the east and west. [1] (#cite_note-Belkaid-1) The blusa has variations, including the most central and expensive variation, the bridal golden silk blusa called the bluset-el-mensouj.It is cut from a handwoven traditional mensouj silk characterised by golden and coloured vertical stripes. We can find also other variations of the blusa from different cities in the weastern part of the country, such as ;buset -el-zaiim, blouzet-el-harrar, blouset-eddar, etc. [1] (#cite_note-Belkaid-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Investigating the Blusa: The Cultural and Sartorial Biography of an Algerian Dress (https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.1179/0590887613Z.00000000038?journalCode=cost) . Leyla Belkaïd. Costume. 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British brand of safety footwear and other workwear Totectors are a British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) brand of safety footwear, and, formerly, other workwear, notably steel toe-capped boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) and shoes (/wiki/Shoe) . The name was synonymous with steel capped boots in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, [1] (#cite_note-1) being referred to in that context, for example in Offshore Operations Post Piper Alpha . [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] B. Denton and Son, the original (/wiki/Originality) manufacturer, was founded in the nineteenth century, but the steel toecaps were the result of war-work. In World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , many new recruits to the coal industry (/wiki/Coal_industry) were suffering foot injuries. George Denton travelled to the United states in 1944 to secure the rights to the patented steel toecap from Arthur Williams. [3] (#cite_note-3) By the late twentieth century Totectors were in an "advance state of automation." [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2005 Totectors became UK distributors of Puma Safety Footwear (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) , with twelve TotectorsPuma styles, six boots and six shoes. [5] (#cite_note-puma-5) All of them had steel toe caps, and ten styles had steel midsoles, anti-static properties and water resistance. [5] (#cite_note-puma-5) In 2022 Travis Perkins (/wiki/Travis_Perkins) signed a distribution deal with Totectors/IBG. [6] (#cite_note-6) Totectors are now a brand of International Brands Group (/w/index.php?title=International_Brands_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) , who also own Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jean Mooney (2009). Illustrated Dictionary of Podiatry and Foot Science . Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-702-0480-1-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Offshore Operations Post Piper Alpha: London, 6-8 February 1991 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Wilkins and Denton - Totectors - 100 Years" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200218031456/https://www.rushdenheritage.co.uk/shoetrade/totectors100yrs.html) . Rushden Research/Rushden Heritage . Archived from the original (http://www.rushdenheritage.co.uk/shoetrade/totectors100yrs.html) on 18 February 2020 . Retrieved 19 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rooks, B.W. (1996), "Robots bring automation to shoe production", Assembly Automation, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 22-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/01445159610126366 (https://doi.org/10.1108/01445159610126366) ^ Jump up to: a b "Totectors take on Puma" (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=17063421&site=eds-live) . Forestry & British Timber . 34 (5): 38. 1 May 2005 . Retrieved 5 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Travis Perkins signs distribution deal with Totectors" (https://professionalbuildersmerchant.co.uk/news/international-brands-group-totectors-travis-perkins/) . 6 October 2022. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://totectors.co.uk) Rushden Hearts and Soles (https://rushdenheartsandsoles.co.uk/shoetrade/totectors100yrs.html) History of Totectors This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ukrainian_Fashion_Week) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ukrainian Fashion Week" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ukrainian+Fashion+Week%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) logo of Ukrainian Fashion Week Ukrainian Fashion Week ( Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainian_language) : Український Тиждень Моди ) is the first ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) fashion week in Eastern Europe (/wiki/Eastern_Europe) , founded in Kyiv in 1997. History [ edit ] Ukrainian Fashion Week was founded in 1997 and became the first prêt-à-porter week in Eastern Europe. This is a unique event in Ukraine, which follows the world standards of prêt-a-porter shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) It is held twice a year, gathers more than 50 participants, accredits more than 200 Ukrainian and foreign media and is visited by more than 15,000 guests each time. The first season took place in November 1997 in Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) . Until 2005 the event had 2 names — Ukrainian Fashion Week and Pret-a-porter Fashion Seasons Week . At the end of 2005, the organizing committee officially informed the designers and the press about the use of only Ukrainian Fashion Week. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2024, Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) supported Ukrainian Fashion Week. [2] (#cite_note-2) Main designers [ edit ] There are several resident designers of Ukrainian Fashion Week: Artem Klimchuk BEVZA Elena Burenina Finch Frolov Gasanova KSENIA SCHNAIDER (/wiki/Ksenia_Schnaider) Litkovskaya (/w/index.php?title=Litkovskaya&action=edit&redlink=1) POUSTOVIT Ruslan Baginskiy (/wiki/Ruslan_Baginskiy) the COAT by Katya Silchenko THEO ELENA BURENINA ROUSSIN ARUTIUNOVA VOROZHBYT&ZEMSKOVA DARJA DONEZZ DZHUS and others Projects [ edit ] In 2003, the New Names and Fresh Fashion projects were launched. They aimed to find and support talented young people as part of Ukrainian Fashion Week. These projects helped to increase a number of new people in Ukrainian fashion and gave for UFW the reputation of a discoverer of young talents. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since 2014, Ukrainian Fashion Week has united the shows of the participants of these projects, creating New Generation Day — a separate day dedicated to young designers in the official UFW program. [4] (#cite_note-4) Every year many projects take place under the auspices of Ukrainian Fashion Week: Best Fashion Awards (First Ukrainian Fashion Prize since 2010), Holiday Fashion Week (shows of cruise collections and beach accessories are held in Odesa (/wiki/Odesa) from 2007 to 2018), All-Ukrainian competition of young fashion designers Look into the future (since 2000), Fashion Film Festival Kyiv (since 2018). Ukrainian Fashion Week hosts international fashion projects: world-renowned designers Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) (2009) and Stephane Rolland (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Rolland) (2010) presented the Haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) collection in Kyiv as part of the UFW collection. In 2011, Antonio Berardi (/wiki/Antonio_Berardi) presented his collection during Ukrainian Fashion Week, and in March 2012 a project Eurofashion brought together designers from 16 countries participating in EURO-2012 (/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012) . In 2018, the International Young Designers Contest was held in Ukraine for the first time, it was initiated by Ukrainian Fashion Week. The competition was attended by 16 designers from nine countries: Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) , Estonia (/wiki/Estonia) , Lithuania (/wiki/Lithuania) , Moldova (/wiki/Moldova) , Poland (/wiki/Poland) , Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) , Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) and the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) . The competition in Kyiv once again confirmed Ukraine's leadership in the field of fashion in the regions of Eastern and Central Europe. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the fall of 2018, in New York City during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) and in Tokyo during Amazon Tokyo Fashion Week (/wiki/Tokyo_Fashion_Week) , the UFW organizing committee presented the FASHION EXPERIMENT 01 project. During the presentation, American, Japanese and European fashion journalists (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) , influencers (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) , bloggers, buyers (/wiki/Procurement) and photographers were able to see UFW residents with SS19 collections: bobkova., DZHUS, FROLOV, Ruslan Baginskiy (/wiki/Ruslan_Baginskiy) , the COAT by Katya Silchenko, Valery Kovalska, Yelizavetta Volosovska. [6] (#cite_note-6) “Support Ukrainian Fashion” Initiative [ edit ] After the full-scale Russian invasion (/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) , Ukrainian Fashion Week launched the "Support Ukrainian Fashion" Initiative to help Ukrainian designers. Thus, the 51st and 52nd seasons of UFW for the first time during its 25 years of history took place, not in Kyiv, but on the international catwalks, allowing Ukrainian fashion brands to introduce their collections created during the war on the international fashion scene within 14 professional events. Within the “Support Ukrainian Fashion” Initiative by UFW 53 Ukrainian designers have introduced their collections within fashion shows and presentations at 10 fashion weeks in Europe and the USA: at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) , MBFWMadrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) , Vegan Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Vegan_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) (Los Angeles), Budapest Central European Fashion Week, Malta Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) , Vienna Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) , Brussels Fashion Week, Transilvania Fashion Festival. International media [ edit ] The Organizing Committee of the Fashion Week every season invites journalists and photographers of the world's leading publications, buyers and representatives of the leading showrooms (/wiki/Showroom) to Kyiv to work directly with the designers-participants of UFW. [7] (#cite_note-7) Names and titles of Ukrainian designers regularly appear in such fashion publications as Business of Fashion , Vogue.com (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) , Buro 24 / 7.ru (/wiki/Miroslava_Duma) , ELLE (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Another Magazine (/wiki/Another_Magazine) , VICE (/wiki/Vice_Media) , Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) and others. Guests of Ukrainian Fashion Week are photographed by street style (/wiki/Street_style) photographers such as Adam Katz Sinding, Vogue.com, Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) and others. In 2015, the organizing committee of Ukrainian Fashion Week initiated the participation of Ukrainian designers in the International Fashion Showcase project as part of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [8] (#cite_note-8) British alternative fashion editions Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) and Confused and I-D (/wiki/I-D) Magazine wrote about the project and the designers who took part in it. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://fashionweek.ua/) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "20 years of Fashion in Ukraine" (https://ohio8.vchecks.me/share/NKQSfvau1mI1?sid=1126&scheme=http&host=fashionweek.platfor.ma&uri=%2f&t=1618474823442&sad=v%2f0FCaUQ%3d%3d&uid=aE8rx4sJNMnHU94M&uct=1618474823442&kct=0&m=2&ver=7&flags=2176&ua=9025632295222211499&v=_540u8sMM8QghHZDe5HLIg) . ohio8.vchecks.me . Retrieved 15 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Shows: How Copenhagen Fashion Week pursues its support to Ukrainian fashion" (https://www.the-spin-off.com/news/stories/The-Shows-How-Copenhagen-Fashion-Week-pursues-its-support-to-Ukrainian-fashion-17727) . the-spin-off.com . Retrieved 9 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vogue.ua. "Мода і праця: Ірина Данилевська про минуле і майбутнє української моди" (https://vogue.ua/ua/article/fashion/persona/moda-i-trud-irina-danilevskaya-o-budushchem-ukrainskoy-mody.html) . Vogue UA . Retrieved 15 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "New Geeration Day" (http://fashionweek.ua/projects/new-generation-day) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Кто стал победителем International Young Designers Contest" (https://elle.ua/moda/novosty/kto-stal-pobeditelem-international-young-designers-contest/) . Elle — модный женский журнал . 16 July 2018 . Retrieved 15 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Fashion Experiment 01. В Нью-Йорке исследовали современную украинскую моду" (https://life.nv.ua/krasota-i-moda/fashion-experiment-v-nju-jorke-issledovali-sovremennuju-ukrainskuju-modu-2493738.html) . life.nv.ua (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "UFW in medias" (http://fashionweek.ua/news/ukrainian/ukrainian-fashion-week-ss19) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "UFW designers in London" (http://fashionweek.ua/news/ukrainian/ukrainian-fashion-week-predstaviv-ukrajinskih-dizajner%D1%96v-u-london%D1%96-1747) . 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Venezuelan women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Venezuela portal (/wiki/Portal:Venezuela) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Venezuelan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_fashion_designers) . It includes Venezuelan fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐mszvq Cached time: 20240720012607 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.089 seconds Real time usage: 0.120 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4021/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 307/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.050/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 942888/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 104.147 1 -total 47.01% 48.962 1 Template:Portal 39.64% 41.287 1 Template:Non-diffusing 31.84% 33.157 1 Template:Cmbox 13.14% 13.684 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 10.69% 11.134 2 Template:Category_other 8.46% 8.810 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 4.19% 4.364 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.60% 1.663 1 Template:Template_other 1.27% 1.324 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72303700-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720012607 and revision id 1177799863. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Venezuelan women fashion designers" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera) L Martha Luna (/wiki/Martha_Luna) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Venezuelan_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799863 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Venezuelan_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799863) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Venezuelan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_fashion_designers) Venezuelan women artists (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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American business leader Charles Evans Born ( 1926-05-13 ) May 13, 1926 Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) Died June 2, 2007 (2007-06-02) (aged 81) Manhattan, New York City, New York U.S. Occupation(s) Founder, Evan-Picone fashion house; motion picture producer Spouse(s) Frances (div. 1967); second wife (name and dates of marriage not known); third wife (name and dates of marriage not known); Bonnie Lynn Pfeifer Evans (m. 2005; survived him) Children Elizabeth (died 1975); Melissa (died 1975); Charles Jr. (/wiki/Charles_Evans_Jr.) Parent(s) Archie and Florence (Krasne) Shapera Family Robert Evans (/wiki/Robert_Evans) (brother) Charles Evans (May 13, 1926 — June 2, 2007) was an American business leader. He co-founded the women's fashion house Evan-Picone in 1949 and sold it to Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) in 1962. He and his brother-in-law, Michael Shure, then founded Evans Partnership, a real estate investment firm. In 1981, he purchased the screenplay for the comedy Tootsie (/wiki/Tootsie) (1982). His brother Robert Evans (/wiki/Robert_Evans) produced numerous motion pictures, including Rosemary's Baby (/wiki/Rosemary%27s_Baby_(film)) (1968), The Godfather (/wiki/The_Godfather) (1972), and Chinatown (/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_film)) (1974). Early life [ edit ] Evans was born Charles Shapera on May 13, 1926, in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , in the United States, to Archie and Florence (Krasne) Shapera. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) His father was a dentist (/wiki/Dentist) with a successful practice in Harlem (/wiki/Harlem) . He had a younger brother, Robert, and sister, Alice. [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) While in his late teens, Charles' father asked his sons to change their last name to their paternal grandmother's maiden name of "Evan". (The name change was seen as a way of honoring her, as she had only a short time to live.) Charles and Robert added the "s" as an homage to the Shapera family name. [3] (#cite_note-3) Charles was something of a conformist as a teenager. [4] (#cite_note-4) He graduated from the Horace Mann School (/wiki/Horace_Mann_School) in New York City, and attended the University of Miami (/wiki/University_of_Miami) . [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) He began serving in the United States Army (/wiki/United_States_Army) in 1944 [5] (#cite_note-5) during World War II, and left military service in 1946. [6] (#cite_note-NYTObit-6) Business career [ edit ] After leaving the Army, Evans found work in an aunt's clothing store in New York City as a salesman. [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) In 1949, Evans conceived of adding a fly (/wiki/Fly_(clothing)) to women's skirts. He approached Joseph Picone, a 31-year-old tailor and immigrant from Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) who made clothes for Archie Evans, and asked him to manufacture a sample. [7] (#cite_note-Trager-7) With seed money from Evans' father, [8] (#cite_note-8) Evans and Picone formed a company that same year named Evan-Picone to make and sell their product. [7] (#cite_note-Trager-7) (To make the company name easier to pronounce, the "s" was dropped from Evans.) [9] (#cite_note-Hays-9) Picone set up an assembly line to manufacture the skirts in a storefront located at Fifth Avenue and East 46th Street. [7] (#cite_note-Trager-7) The company was the first to use darts (/wiki/Dart_(sewing)) in the pockets of women's clothing, to inhibit rips and tears. [9] (#cite_note-Hays-9) The skirts were a sudden success, and the company quickly expanded into high-end, hand-stitched women's slacks (/wiki/Trousers) as well. Evans hired his mother, Florence, to be the chief sales manager. He also hired his brother Robert as a salesman. Charles Evans became one of the first celebrity fashion designers. [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) Within two years, Evans, his brother, and Picone were millionaires. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1962, Revlon purchased Evan-Picone for $12 million in cash. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) After the sale of his clothing firm, Evans spent several years looking for something to do. He remained under contract with Revlon until 1966. [13] (#cite_note-Eller-13) At one point, Evans became interested in designer kitchen appliances, like can openers. [14] (#cite_note-14) But real estate proved more attractive. Evans' sister, Alice, had married the architect Michael Shure. In 1966, Evans and Shure formed Evans Partnership, a real estate investment and development company. The firm purchased its first site (in Fairfield, New Jersey) six months later. The first office building erected by Evans Partnership was a 55,000 square feet (5,100 m 2 ) building for Becton Dickinson (/wiki/Becton_Dickinson) , the medical equipment (/wiki/Medical_equipment) company. The United States Life Insurance Company invested in the firm in 1974, becoming a limited partner. Over the next several decades, Evans Partnership erected speculative office buildings and constructed headquarters for AT&T (/wiki/AT%26T) , the Bell System (/wiki/Bell_System) , Johnson & Johnson (/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson) , the Singer Corporation aerospace division (/wiki/Singer_Corporation) , and other corporations. [15] (#cite_note-Kennedy-15) He and Shure also financed the construction of 1099 14th Street (/wiki/1099_14th_Street) NW in Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) —which, at the time it was built, had the tallest tower in the city. [16] (#cite_note-16) William Webber, a financial investment consultant who worked for the firm, said that Evans' status as a fashion magnate and brother to a movie studio executive lent an air of celebrity to the firm that often convinced banks to lend Evans Partnership money to construct more speculative structures. [17] (#cite_note-17) At the time of Evans' death, Evans Partnership had constructed more than 6,000,000 square feet (560,000 m 2 ) of office space. [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) In 1988, Evans retired from active participation in Evans Partnership, creating a holding company to manage his real estate investments. [13] (#cite_note-Eller-13) With Robert Evans' success as a film producer (/wiki/Film_producer) and motion picture studio executive, Charles Evans decided to get into movie-making as well. He told the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) in 1995 that he got into producing "because I enjoy movies very much. I have the time to do it. And I believe if done wisely, it can be a profitable business." [13] (#cite_note-Eller-13) His first foray into film production was a massive success. Playwright Don McGuire had written a play in the early 1970s about an unemployed male actor who cross-dresses (/wiki/Cross-dresses) in order to get jobs. Titled Would I Lie to You? , the play was shopped around Hollywood for several years until it came to the attention of comedian and actor Buddy Hackett (/wiki/Buddy_Hackett) in 1978. Hackett, interested in playing the role of the talent agent, showed the script to Evans. Evans purchased an option (/wiki/Option_(filmmaking)) on the play. (Delays in the film's production forced Evans to renew the option once or twice.) [18] (#cite_note-Cook95-18) During 1979, Evans co-wrote a screenplay based on the film with director Dick Richards (/wiki/Dick_Richards) and screenwriter Bob Kaufman. [19] (#cite_note-Thompson75-19) A few months into the writing process, Richards showed it to actor Dustin Hoffman (/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman) . Hoffman and Richards were partners in a company which bought and developed properties for development into films. Hoffman wanted complete creative control (/wiki/Artistic_control) , and Evans agreed to remove himself from screenwriting tasks. Instead, Evans became a producer on the film, which was renamed Tootsie . [18] (#cite_note-Cook95-18) Evans' next projects did not fare so well. In 1986, Evans met with horror film director George Romero (/wiki/George_Romero) . Evans invested $450,000 in the film, Monkey Shines (/wiki/Monkey_Shines_(film)) , and received $500,000 as a producer's fee. Evans later claimed to have been "involved in every aspect of production". He also said that the film hadn't made him any money in the 10 years since its release. [13] (#cite_note-Eller-13) In 1992, Evans met with screenwriter Joe Eszterhas (/wiki/Joe_Eszterhas) , who pitched (/wiki/Pitch_(filmmaking)) an idea about Las Vegas showgirls. Director Paul Verhoeven (/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven) , also present during the pitch, wanted to direct the film. Evans paid Eszterhas $2 million in cash to write the screenplay. Carolco Pictures (/wiki/Carolco_Pictures) purchased the screenplay from Evans for $2 million and gave him another $1 million for producing the motion picture. [13] (#cite_note-Eller-13) The film, Showgirls (/wiki/Showgirls) , was both a box office and critical disaster. Robert Evans published his memoir, The Kid Stays in the Picture (/wiki/The_Kid_Stays_in_the_Picture) , in 1994. Charles Evans appears in the film and receives "thank you" credits at the end. [20] (#cite_note-20) Charles Evans was also interested in sailing. His yacht, the 105-foot (32 m) long Ondine VIII (built in 1988), was, according to the Bermuda Sun (/wiki/Bermuda_Sun) newspaper, "considered at the time one of the world's most elegant sailing yachts". [21] (#cite_note-21) Personal life [ edit ] Charles Evans married his second wife, Frances, a documentary filmmaker, in 1960. [22] (#cite_note-22) The couple had three children: Charles Jr. (1963), Melissa (1965), and Elizabeth (1966). The couple divorced in 1967. In 1975, Frances and her two daughters were asphyxiated by toxic fumes during a fire in their apartment building on East 80th Street in New York City. [23] (#cite_note-Observer-23) The fire was caused by ashes falling out of their fireplace. [6] (#cite_note-NYTObit-6) Charles Jr., sleeping in another room, was rescued by firefighters and uninjured. [23] (#cite_note-Observer-23) After the disaster, Charles Evans founded the Crusade for Fire Detection. The nonprofit educated the public about the life-saving nature of smoke detectors (/wiki/Smoke_detector) , and lobbied cities and states to enact fire codes requiring them in all buildings. [24] (#cite_note-LATimesObit-24) Charles Evans married twice more, the fourth time in the 1990s. Both marriages ended in divorce. [24] (#cite_note-LATimesObit-24) [25] (#cite_note-Bride-25) In January 2005, the 79-year-old Evans married 50-year-old model and nonprofit executive Bonnie Lynn Pfeifer. [25] (#cite_note-Bride-25) Death [ edit ] Charles Evans died from complications of pneumonia (/wiki/Pneumonia) at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (/wiki/NewYork%E2%80%93Presbyterian_Hospital) on June 2, 2007. [24] (#cite_note-LATimesObit-24) An adherent of the Jewish faith (/wiki/Judaism) , Evans' funeral service was held at Congregation Emanu-El (/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York) in New York City on June 7. [26] (#cite_note-26) Charitable activities and honors [ edit ] In addition to his fire safety crusade, Charles Evans was involved in a number of charitable activities. His father, Archie Shapera, suffered from Alzheimer's disease (/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease) in the late 1960s. Evans made large donations to various Alzheimer's research efforts throughout his life. He later was national director of the Alzheimer's Association (/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_Association) . [6] (#cite_note-NYTObit-6) [24] (#cite_note-LATimesObit-24) [25] (#cite_note-Bride-25) In 1988, Evans founded the Charles Evans Foundation to carry on his wide range of interests in charitable giving. [27] (#cite_note-Patella-27) Among its more notable donations was a $1 million gift to the University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro (/wiki/University_Medical_Center_of_Princeton_at_Plainsboro) . A rehabilitation exercise facility for cardiac and stroke patients was named the Charles Evans Pulmonary Rehabilitation Gym, and a surgical procedures suite names the Charles Evans Procedures Room in his honor. [27] (#cite_note-Patella-27) In 2009, through a $1 million gift from the foundation, the Westphal College at Drexel University in Philadelphia created the Charles Evans Fashion Design Library and established an award scholarship that covers tuition costs for a Fashion Design student in their senior year. [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2010, the foundation donated $1 million to the FDNY Foundation for fire safety education. The New York City Fire Department (/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department) named its fire safety headquarters at Fort Totten (/wiki/Fort_Totten_(New_York)) the Charles Evans Fire Safety Education Building in his honor. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2011, the foundation built a state-of-the-art healthcare facility for people with developmental disabilities for a nonprofit group, Adults and Children with Learning and Developmental Disabilities Inc. The building was named the Charles Evans Health Services Center. [30] (#cite_note-30) In 2006, Fireman magazine honored Evans with an award for his fire safety efforts over the past 25 years. [2] (#cite_note-NYSunObit-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mrs. Archie Shapera." New York Times. June 2, 1962. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Miller, Stephen. "Charles Evans, 81, Founded Evan-Picone, Produced Films, Built Office Complexes." (http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/charles-evans-81-founded-evan-picone-produced/56010/) New York Sun. June 6, 2007. (http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/charles-evans-81-founded-evan-picone-produced/56010/) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Evans, p. 18-19. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Evans, p. 19. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Evans, p. 20. ^ Jump up to: a b c Deutsch, Claudia. "Charles Evans, 81, a Founder of Fashion Line, Dies." (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/06/business/06evans.html) New York Times. June 6, 2007. (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/06/business/06evans.html) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ Jump up to: a b c Trager, p. 571. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Evans, p. 40. ^ Jump up to: a b Hays, Constance. "Joseph Picone, 83, a Founder of Line of Women's Clothing." New York Times. June 26, 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Evans, p. 36-39; McDougal, p. 368. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Evans, p. 36-39. ^ (#cite_ref-12) A 1984 report says the sale price was $15 million. See: Kennedy, Shawn. "Developing Office Site In Jersey." New York Times. August 1, 1984. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Eller, Claudia. "Real Key Is How Goldwyn Is Treated." Los Angeles Times. July 28, 1995. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Barmash, Isadore. "He Ought to Be in Pictures, But It's Not His Line." New York Times. December 31, 1965. ^ (#cite_ref-Kennedy_15-0) Kennedy, Shawn. "Developing Office Site In Jersey." New York Times. August 1, 1984. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "In the Business." Washington Post. March 24, 1990; Forgey, Benjamin. "The Sky's the Limit." Washington Post. January 26, 1992. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "William Paul Webber." Asbury Park Press. January 6, 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b Cook, Gomery, and Lichty, p. 95. ^ (#cite_ref-Thompson75_19-0) Thompson, p. 75. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Sportswear Exec, Film Producer." Grand Rapids Press. June 8, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Obituary: Sumner 'Huey' Long." (http://bermudasun.bm/main.asp?SectionID=150&SubSectionID=917&ArticleID=56068) Bermuda Sun. January 4, 2012. (http://bermudasun.bm/main.asp?SectionID=150&SubSectionID=917&ArticleID=56068) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Kilgallen, Dorothy. "Voice of Broadway." Edmonton Journal. February 27, 1961. ^ Jump up to: a b DiGiacomo, Frank. "The Kid Holds Onto the Picture." (https://observer.com/2003/06/the-kid-holds-onto-the-picture/) New York Observer. June 30, 2003. (https://observer.com/2003/06/the-kid-holds-onto-the-picture/) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rourke, Mary. "Charles Evans, 81; Co-Founder of Evan-Picone Sportswear." (http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/07/local/me-evans7) Los Angeles Times. June 7, 2007. (http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/07/local/me-evans7) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Bonnie Pfeifer, Charles Evans." (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/23/fashion/weddings/23pfei.html) New York Times. January 23, 2005. (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/23/fashion/weddings/23pfei.html) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Saperstein, Pat. "Evans Fashioned Pix, Skirts." Daily Variety. June 7, 2007. ^ Jump up to: a b Patella, John. "$1 Million Gift Announced for University Medical Center of Princeton at PLA." Home News Tribune, December 22, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Charles Evans Fashion Library" (http://drexel.edu/westphal/news-events/news/2009/June/2009-06-20_Charles_Evans_Fashion_Library/) . 20 June 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Fire Safety Education Building Dedicated to Honor Charles Evans." New York City Fire Department. 2010. (http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/events/2010/042810b.shtml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110921101430/http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/events/2010/042810b.shtml#) 2011-09-21 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Accessed 2012-10-06. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Starzee, Bernadette. "Long Island Business News Nonprofit Briefs." Long Island Business. August 24, 2011. Bibliography [ edit ] Cook, Philip S.; Gomery, Douglas; and Lichty, Lawrence Wilson. American Media: The Wilson Quarterly Reader. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1989. Evans, Robert. The Kid Stays in the Picture. Beverly Hills, Calif.: New Millennium Press, 1994. McDougal, Dennis. The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA, and the Hidden History of Hollywood. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. Thompson, Kristin. Storytelling in the New Hollywood: Understanding Classical Narrative Technique. 2d ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001. Trager, James. The New York Chronology: The Ultimate Compendium of Events, People and Anecdotes From the Dutch to the Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2004. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Evans_(businessman)&oldid=1214257924 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Evans_(businessman)&oldid=1214257924) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1926 births (/wiki/Category:1926_births) 2007 deaths (/wiki/Category:2007_deaths) American chief executives of fashion industry companies (/wiki/Category:American_chief_executives_of_fashion_industry_companies) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) University of Miami alumni (/wiki/Category:University_of_Miami_alumni) Businesspeople from Manhattan (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Manhattan) People from the Upper East Side (/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Upper_East_Side) United States Army personnel of World War II (/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_personnel_of_World_War_II) United States Army soldiers (/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_soldiers) USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni (/wiki/Category:USC_School_of_Cinematic_Arts_alumni) University of California, Berkeley alumni (/wiki/Category:University_of_California,_Berkeley_alumni) Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery (/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Ferncliff_Cemetery) Evans family (Paramount Pictures) (/wiki/Category:Evans_family_(Paramount_Pictures)) 20th-century American Jews (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_Jews) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_spouses) Pages using infobox person with multiple parents (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_parents) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with BIBSYS identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BIBSYS_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with PLWABN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PLWABN_identifiers)
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School girl School uniforms in Sri Lanka were first introduced in the late 19th century. Today, school uniforms (/wiki/School_uniforms) are almost universal in the Sri Lankan (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) public and private school systems. All public and private schools maintains almost a singular uniform design in the color of white with few individual characteristics for boys and a few variation designs in white for girls. Usage [ edit ] Introduced during the British rule the school uniforms has changed very little over the decades. In recent decades it has been a practice of the government to issue free uniform material to students annually, which is useful for poor children. In public and private schools boys from grade 10 (age 15 years) wear white short sleeve shirts (/wiki/Shirt) with white trousers (/wiki/Trouser) . While boys of grade 9 and below wear either blue or white shorts, however blue is more common with white reserved for special occasions or junior prefects (/wiki/Prefect) . They wear black shoes and black or white socks. On formal occasions depending on school traditions boys may wear white long sleeved shirts with their school tie (denoting school flag colors) and suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) . Use of jackets vary from school to school with students of most old schools wearing white suit jacket in line with the tropical dress code. Sportsmen of these schools may wear dark blue suit jackets and coloursmen wearing a uniform of design unique to the school he belongs too. However unique features are maintained by prominent single sex schools, which may include badges or insignia. Girls uniforms may differ slightly from school to school, and religious affiliation of students. They wear black or white shoes and white socks. However all uniforms are white, and some may include a tie. For formal occasions depending on school traditions suit jackets of different colours are warn by female students. Since the start of international schools in the 1980s, uniforms of different colour and design have been adapted by these schools. Cultural significance [ edit ] Various schools are known for their particular uniforms. Uniforms can have a nostalgic characteristic for former students, and is often associated with relatively carefree youth. Uniforms are rarely modified by students as a means of exhibiting individualism, since high discipline standards are maintained by prominent schools with reference to uniforms. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] Sri Lanka portal (/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka) Education in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Education_in_Sri_Lanka) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sri Lanka's 'Eton' celebrates its 175th birthday (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8500520.stm) , BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) v t e Sri Lankan (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) clothing Traditional suits Aryan dress (/w/index.php?title=Aryan_dress&action=edit&redlink=1) Udarata Mul Anduma (/w/index.php?title=Udarata_Mul_Anduma&action=edit&redlink=1) Nilame Aduma (/w/index.php?title=Nilame_Aduma&action=edit&redlink=1) Ohoriya (/w/index.php?title=Ohoriya&action=edit&redlink=1) Osariya (/wiki/Sari#Sri_Lanka) Lama sariya (/w/index.php?title=Lama_sariya&action=edit&redlink=1) Kasaya (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)) Headwear Four-Cornered Hat (/w/index.php?title=Four-Cornered_Hat&action=edit&redlink=1) Half-moon comb (/w/index.php?title=Half-moon_comb&action=edit&redlink=1) Kelin panawa (/w/index.php?title=Kelin_panawa&action=edit&redlink=1) Nemi panawa (/w/index.php?title=Nemi_panawa&action=edit&redlink=1) Mottakkiliya (/w/index.php?title=Mottakkiliya&action=edit&redlink=1) Upperwear Baniyama (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) Hatte (/w/index.php?title=Hatte&action=edit&redlink=1) Juan hatta haluwa (/w/index.php?title=Juan_hatta_haluwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Kabakuruththuwa (/w/index.php?title=Kabakuruththuwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Kabaya (/w/index.php?title=Kabaya_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) Lansoluwa (/w/index.php?title=Lansoluwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Manté (/w/index.php?title=Mant%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1) Ravike (/wiki/Choli) Saluwa (/w/index.php?title=Saluwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Uthuru saluwa (/w/index.php?title=Uthuru_saluwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Bottomwear Amudaya (/w/index.php?title=Amudaya&action=edit&redlink=1) Angavastram (/w/index.php?title=Angavastram&action=edit&redlink=1) Comboy (/w/index.php?title=Comboy_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) Kal hatta haluwa (/w/index.php?title=Kal_hatta_haluwa&action=edit&redlink=1) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Redde (/w/index.php?title=Redde&action=edit&redlink=1) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Saruwala (/w/index.php?title=Saruwala&action=edit&redlink=1) Sataka (/w/index.php?title=Sataka&action=edit&redlink=1) Saya (/w/index.php?title=Saya_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) Selai (/w/index.php?title=Selai&action=edit&redlink=1) Tuppotiya (/w/index.php?title=Tuppotiya&action=edit&redlink=1) Verti (/w/index.php?title=Verti&action=edit&redlink=1) Footwear Juta (/w/index.php?title=Juta_(shoes)&action=edit&redlink=1) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Hambiliya (/wiki/Hambiliya) Jewellery (/wiki/Kandyan_jewellery) Kastane (/wiki/Kastane) Military Kanchuka (/wiki/Kanchuka) Uniforms of the Sri Lanka Army (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Army) See also Sri Lankan fashion (/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) Jathika Anduma (/w/index.php?title=Jathika_Anduma&action=edit&redlink=1) Apparel industry (/wiki/Apparel_industry_of_Sri_Lanka) Batik (/wiki/Batik_industry_in_Sri_Lanka) School uniforms NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6ffd65f7b4‐h7ngg Cached time: 20240712170819 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.141 seconds Real time usage: 0.175 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 209/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12269/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 92/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10558/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.087/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 986484/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 132.306 1 -total 62.50% 82.685 1 Template:Sri_Lankan_clothing 60.86% 80.528 1 Template:Navbox 26.34% 34.846 1 Template:Portal 10.98% 14.531 1 Template:Reflist 1.23% 1.629 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27495850-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170819 and revision id 1072560264. 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Brush used for applying makeup or face paint Makeup brushes A makeup brush is a tool with bristles (/wiki/Bristle) , used for the application of makeup (/wiki/Cosmetics) or face painting (/wiki/Face_painting) . The bristles may be made out of natural or synthetic materials, while the handle is usually made out of plastic or wood. When cosmetics are applied using the appropriate brush, they blend better onto the skin. There is a large variety of shapes and sizes of makeup brushes, depending on the face area where makeup will be applied, the cosmetic product and the wanted result. For example, the shape of the brush tip can be chiseled, straight, angular, round, flat or tapered. Types of makeup brushes (by area of application) [ edit ] Face [ edit ] Makeup brush tips used for face makeup Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) brush - long, flat bristles and tapered tip [1] (#cite_note-1) Powder (/wiki/Face_powder) brush - fluffy bristles; soft, full and rounded Fan brush - It is used dust off any fall outs and also to apply highlighter on the highest points of the face. A large fan brush is usually made out of natural fibers and is fanned out 180 degrees that covers a large perimeter of the face. Blush (/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)) brush - It has fine bristles and rounded head. It is similar to a powder brush but smaller and can either be round or angled. [2] (#cite_note-2) Bronzer brush - It is made with natural bristles and is fluffy in shape. It applies powder bronzer beautifully and distributes the product evenly on the skin. One can also use this brush to apply face powders if one finds a normal powder brush too big to use. Concealer (/wiki/Concealer) brush - soft and flat with a pointed tip and a wide base Kabuki brush (/wiki/Kabuki_brush) - There are 2 types : Flat Top and Angled. Both types are densely packed. It best applies liquid foundations and it provides full coverage. Duo-fiber multipurpose brush - flat, circular and feathery head Mineral powder brush - thick and rounded Face contour (/wiki/Contouring) brush - slanted and rounded for cheekbones Face sponge - varied shape, sponge texture (use wet or dry) [3] (#cite_note-3) Highlighter brush - This brush is usually made out of natural bristles and is considerably small in size. The tapered but elongated bristles makes it perfect to apply powder highlighter on the highest points of the face. The tapered bristles while applying makes it evenly distributed on the skin. Blending brush - Blending brushes are made using natural bristles and is fluffy in appearance. It is used to blend out any harsh edges for a seamless effect. It works best with powder products because of the natural fibers. Eyes [ edit ] Eyeshadow (/wiki/Eyeshadow) brushes: Flat shader eye brush - This brush can be made either with synthetic or natural fibers and is flat in shape. It is used to pack on powder and cream eyeshadows evenly on the lid area. It is also called a cat's tongue brush. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Angled shader brush - This brush is made out of natural fibers and it has an angle to it. It is used to apply darker shades on the outer corner for a more detailed look. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Fluffy blending brush - Usually blending brushes are made using natural bristles and is fluffy in appearance. It is used to blend out any harsh edges for a seamless effect. It works best with powder products because of the natural fibers. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Crease brush - This brush can be made either with natural or synthetic bristles and has a tapered cut to it. It is much smaller than the previous blending brush and it beautifully blends out the crease color without moving it too much. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Pencil brush - This brush is a much smaller version of the previous blending brush and it is usually made with natural fibers. The pencil brush can be used to add colors to smaller areas and also to blend them in without spreading the pigments too much. One can also add brow bone and inner corner highlights it works well with powders. Pointed eyeliner brush - It is made out of synthetic fibers and has a tapered end to it with barely any bristles which helps with the sharpest and most perfect winged eyeliner. Smudge brush - This brush is made out of natural bristles for even application and is best used with powders and creams. It can also be made out of foam with a pointed dome shape. Its primary use is to smudge eyeliner, contour dark eye shadows, or soften hard lines. [7] (#cite_note-7) Mascara (/wiki/Mascara) wand - usually comes with the mascara, but disposable mascara brushes can also be used, usually when mascara is being applied on multiple different people. [8] (#cite_note-8) Eyebrow brush - long, thin with tougher bristles Lash and brow comb - Keep the brow hairs in place using the brow comb and the lash comb helps remove mascara clumping together on the lashes to get rid of the spidery lashes. Duo brow brush - This is a multitasking brush as you can line your upper lash line using the angled end and also fill in your eyebrows. This brush is usually made using synthetic bristles. It could be used with powders, liquids and creams. The spoolie end of this brush helps with blending in the brow product to make it look as natural as possible. Lips [ edit ] Lip liner brush - This brush is little bigger than the fine liner brush and is used to get a crisp outline on the lips. Lip brush - This brush is used to fill in the lips using the lip color of one's choice and it provides an even application. Lip gloss applicator- Usually comes with the lip gloss and is normally doe-shaped Types of makeup brush bristles [ edit ] Makeup application can alter due to the materials used to create a brush. The bristles of a makeup brush can either be synthetic or natural. In the application of the makeup, the brush itself is important because it can determine how the product is applied: depending on the makeup brush type and its bristles, it could either densely pack or loosely apply the makeup product. Synthetic bristles [ edit ] Synthetic bristles are the most common material used in makeup brushes. These brushes are widely found in drugstores and makeup-specific stores. The bristles are made out of plastic, nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , or other synthetic fibers, and may be dyed. [9] (#cite_note-9) Synthetic bristles are often used with liquid and cream products, as they tend to blend out products more easily and will not absorb product as much as a natural bristle brush. [10] (#cite_note-10) Synthetic brushes are cruelty-free. Synthetic brushes usually last longer than natural haired bristles as they do not degrade and are not as fragile. Natural bristles [ edit ] The natural bristles are often dark in color, not super soft, sheds, hold pigments better and difficult to wash. As the natural bristles are very porous they pick up more pigments and distributes them evenly. The natural bristled brushes best applies powder products and it is best to avoid liquid or cream products as they will drink up most of the products. Although natural bristles are more preferred in the cosmetic industry, the bristles themselves can cause allergic reactions to the animal hair. [11] (#cite_note-11) Natural bristles may more easily control the product when blending out or even packing on a product, because they have hair cuticles. Types of natural bristles [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [ edit ] Sable Goat Badger Pony Squirrel Kolinsky sable Weasel (also known as red sable) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nanshy's Guide to Makeup Brushes and Their Uses" (https://nanshy.com/blogs/beauty/different-types-of-makeup-brushes) . Nanshy . Retrieved 2024-07-10 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) D'Allaird, Michelle (2012-03-07). Milady Standard Makeup . Cengage Learning. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-133-71221-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "12 Makeup Brushes You Actually Need and Exactly How to Use Them" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/how-to/a40310/makeup-brushes-how-to/) . Cosmopolitan . 2018-02-08 . Retrieved 2018-08-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Mosco, Valentina; Passeri, Azzurra (2015-03-09). School of Makeup: Learn a step by step beauty make up routine . Edimedia. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-97771-08-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brown, Bobbi (2008-12-01). Bobbi Brown Makeup Manual: For Everyone from Beginner to Pro . Grand Central Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-446-54320-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Ultimate Makeup Guide Part 2 - Makeup Brushes 101" (https://makeupmartini.com/ultimate-guide-makeup-brushes-uses/) . MakeUp Martini . 2016-05-19 . Retrieved 2021-03-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lockwood, Lindsey (2011). Secret Model Beauty: Taken Off The Set By An Experienced Professional Model . Secret Model Beauty. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4507-8209-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rostamian, Michelle; Am; Montell, a. "Your Ultimate Makeup Brush Guide: The Ones You Need and How to Use Them" (https://www.byrdie.com/makeup-brush-guide) . Byrdie . Retrieved 2020-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) D'Allaird, Michelle (2012-03-07). Milady Standard Makeup . Cengage Learning. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-133-71221-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Making The Switch: Why Synthetic Makeup Brushes Are Better Than Natural Hair Brushes – Je t'aime by Hotashi" (http://www.hotashi.com/jetaime/?p=1523) . www.hotashi.com . Retrieved 2016-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Erdogan, Melodi. "What Kind Of Makeup Brush Should You Use? Here's The Difference Between Synthetic And Natural Brushes" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/66523-what-kind-of-makeup-brush-should-you-use-heres-the-difference-between-synthetic-and-natural-brushes) . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) D'Allaird, Michelle (2012-03-07). Milady Standard Makeup . Cengage Learning. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-133-71221-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Davis, Gretchen; Hall, Mindy (2012-10-12). The Makeup Artist Handbook: Techniques for Film, Television, Photography, and Theatre . CRC Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-136-06622-1 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Makeup brushes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Makeup_brushes) . 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Italian shoe brand This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Superga_(brand)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Superga" brand (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Superga%22+brand) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Superga%22+brand+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Superga%22+brand&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Superga%22+brand+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Superga%22+brand) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Superga%22+brand&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is about the Italian shoe brand. For the district of Turin (Italy), see Superga (/wiki/Superga) . Superga Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Founded 1911 Headquarters Turin (/wiki/Turin) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Products Shoes (/wiki/Shoes) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) BasicNet Website superga.co.uk (https://www.superga.co.uk/) Superga is an Italian brand of shoes founded in 1911. It originally made tennis shoes, including the famous model "2750 Classic" but then diversified. History [ edit ] Superga was born in 1911 in Turin (/wiki/Turin) , Italy, when Walter Martiny (/w/index.php?title=Walter_Martiny&action=edit&redlink=1) started production of rubber-soled footwear marked with the Superga logo. In 1925 Superga invented the 2750 model, shoes with vulcanized rubber (/wiki/Vulcanized_rubber) soles. From 1934, the firm diversified its production to new collections dedicated to other sports and daily life. After World War II, Superga restarted production specializing solely in high quality footwear. In 1951 the firm merged with Pirelli (/wiki/Pirelli) , which brought it new funds and made it possible to sharply increase the production of tennis shoes. In the 1970s, as the sales of the 2750 continued, Superga diversified to add sport shoes with technical attributes. In the 1980s, the firm launched the production of clothes. The original white Superga model Superga UK employs popular celebrities as their brand ambassadors, with whom they collaborate to create a collection of shoes designed by the ambassador each year, including Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) in 2012, Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) in 2013, and Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) in 2014. Supermodel Binx Walton (/wiki/Binx_Walton) was announced as brand ambassador for 2015, followed by Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) for 2016. 2017 sees supermodel and bass guitarist Pyper America Smith, sister of male supermodel Lucky Blue, as the brand ambassador. As of 2011, Steve Madden corporation acquired the license to sell, market, and distribute Superga products in North America. Shortly thereafter, he engaged Mary-Kate Olsen (/wiki/Mary-Kate_Olsen) and Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Ashley_Olsen) to join the brand as creative directors for Superga in the US. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2012 the women launched a collection of Superga shoes as a collaboration with their luxe ready-to-wear line, The Row, in conjunction with the opening of a Superga Store in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Styles [ edit ] Superga now offers a wide range of colors, fabrics, and prints each season for women, men, and kids. Apart from the original Superga Vulcanized and Sport lines or "2750 Cotu Classic", the collections include Superga City leather and Superga Country rubber rain and outerwear boots. Superga’s Cotu Classics gained additional popularity after being worn by Catherine, Princess of Wales. [3] (#cite_note-3) Stores [ edit ] Superga store, Neal Street, Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) , London Superga has stores in the United States, Europe, South America, Asia and South Africa, and online stores along with direct selling on www.Superga.co.uk, www.Superga.com, and www.Superga-USA.com. Superga opened its first store in the United Kingdom in Covent Garden in June 2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) Followed by its first US store in the Soho neighborhood of NYC in May 2012 and in 2015 the first store of South America in Chile. Superga wholesales through premium department stores, specialty retailers in other countries. In the media [ edit ] In the 2019 film Knives Out (/wiki/Knives_Out) , the character Marta Cabrera (portrayed by Ana de Armas (/wiki/Ana_de_Armas) ) wears a pair of Superga 2750 shoes. See also [ edit ] Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Excludes articles found in Category:Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_manufacturers_of_Italy) . Sergio Tacchini (/wiki/Sergio_Tacchini) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mary-Kate And Ashley Announced As Creative Directors Of Superga (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/09/12/marykate-and-ashley-annou_n_958239.html) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Super Olsens (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/03/14/the-olsen-twins-launch-superga-collection) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Allen, Rachael (2017-05-31). "Kate Middleton Helped Double Sales of This Affordable Sneaker" (https://footwearnews.com/2017/fashion/celebrity-style/kate-middleton-style-white-superga-sneakers-363913/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2020-09-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Superga opens first UK standalone in Covent Garden (https://www.drapersonline.com/companies/independents/superga-opens-first-uk-standalone-in-covent-garden) External links [ edit ] Superga UK (http://www.superga.co.uk/) Superga (http://www.superga-usa.com/) Superga Brand's history (https://www.basic.net/v2/brand/superga.html) on BasicNet's website NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐757b556fd4‐plfdm Cached time: 20240722114619 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.452 seconds Real time usage: 0.678 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1307/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19564/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1009/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10508/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.310/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4808643/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 623.119 1 -total 27.36% 170.508 1 Template:Reflist 26.89% 167.532 1 Template:Short_description 23.33% 145.364 1 Template:Cite_web 19.11% 119.063 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.86% 105.043 1 Template:Infobox 16.73% 104.263 6 Template:Main_other 16.17% 100.776 1 Template:SDcat 13.80% 86.012 1 Template:More_citations_needed 12.78% 79.609 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21642727-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722114619 and revision id 1230381652. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superga_(brand)&oldid=1230381652 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superga_(brand)&oldid=1230381652) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Shoe_brands) Shoe companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_Italy) Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_manufacturers_of_Italy) Sportswear brands (/wiki/Category:Sportswear_brands) Manufacturing companies based in Turin (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Turin) Clothing companies established in 1911 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1911) Italian companies established in 1911 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1911) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from April 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2020) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references)
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This article needs to be updated . The reason given is: Doesn't fully cover S3, article still written in future in many parts. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2018 ) American TV series or program The Fashion Fund Judges Anna Wintour, Diane von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_Furstenberg) , Jenna Lyons, Andrew Rosen, and Bee Tallf Narrated by Ashley M Lands Country of origin United States of America Original language English No. of seasons 3 No. of episodes 22 Production Running time 23 minutes (in 2011) [1] (#cite_note-Anna_Wintour,_'The_Fashion_Fund'_to_Air_on_Cable_TV-1) about 1 hour (in 2014) [1] (#cite_note-Anna_Wintour,_'The_Fashion_Fund'_to_Air_on_Cable_TV-1) Original release Network Ovation TV (/wiki/Ovation_(U.S._TV_channel)) The Fashion Fund is a Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) web series that originally aired in 2011. The show was restarted in 2014 on Ovation TV (/wiki/Ovation_(U.S._TV_channel)) . [2] (#cite_note-The_Fashion_Fund_(2014–_)-2) [3] (#cite_note-The_Fashion_Fund-3) History [ edit ] On Ovation TV (/wiki/Ovation_(U.S._TV_channel)) , it began on January 22, 2014, with Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) stars in The Fashion Fund , a documentary about the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund competition. [1] (#cite_note-Anna_Wintour,_'The_Fashion_Fund'_to_Air_on_Cable_TV-1) The Fashion Fund was a Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) web series in 2011. [1] (#cite_note-Anna_Wintour,_'The_Fashion_Fund'_to_Air_on_Cable_TV-1) The show featured Diane von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_Furstenberg) , designer and Council of Fashion Designers of America president; Jenna Lyons (/wiki/Jenna_Lyons) , J. Crew president; Andrew Rosen (/wiki/Andrew_Rosen_(retail_executive)) , Theory cofounder and chief executive officer; and Ken Downing, fashion director and senior vice present of Neiman Marcus. [1] (#cite_note-Anna_Wintour,_'The_Fashion_Fund'_to_Air_on_Cable_TV-1) The series premiered on June 10, 2015, in Australia (/wiki/Australia) on Bio. (/wiki/Bio_(Australian_TV_channel)) [4] (#cite_note-JuneFox-4) The season 3, with 10 episodes, was shown on Amazon Prime in 2016. [5] (#cite_note-Amazon_Buys_‘Fashion_Fund’_Reality_Series_from_Conde_Nast-5) [6] (#cite_note-‘The_Fashion_Fund’_Gets_a_New_Home:_Amazon-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Steigrad, Alexandra (14 January 2014). "Anna Wintour, 'The Fashion Fund' to Air on Cable TV" (http://www.wwd.com/media-news/fashion-memopad/anna-et-al-back-in-the-spotlight-7356813?src=nl/mornReport/20140114) . WWD . Retrieved 14 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Fashion_Fund_(2014–_)_2-0) "The Fashion Fund (2014– )" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044248/?ref_=ttpl_pl_tt) . IMDb . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Fashion_Fund_3-0) "The Fashion Fund" (http://www.ovationtv.com/series/the-fashion-fund/) . Ovation TV . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-JuneFox_4-0) "Foxtel in June: 200+ new shows including Orange Is The New Black, True Detective, Suits, PLL, Wimbledon and more" (http://community.foxtel.com.au/t5/Foxtel-Blog/Foxtel-in-June-200-new-shows-including-Orange-Is-The-New-Black/ba-p/74188) . The Green Room . Foxtel. June 1, 2015 . Retrieved June 4, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Amazon_Buys_‘Fashion_Fund’_Reality_Series_from_Conde_Nast_5-0) Spangler, Todd (2 October 2015). "Amazon Buys 'Fashion Fund' Reality Series from Conde Nast" (https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/amazon-fashion-fund-conde-nast-anna-wintour-diane-von-furstenberg-1201608421/) . Variety . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-‘The_Fashion_Fund’_Gets_a_New_Home:_Amazon_6-0) Sherman, Lauren (2 October 2015). " (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/the-fashion-fund-gets-a-new-home-amazon) 'The Fashion Fund' Gets a New Home: Amazon" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/the-fashion-fund-gets-a-new-home-amazon) . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fashion_Fund&action=edit) . v t e This article relating to reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) in the United States is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fashion_Fund&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐ggzsr Cached time: 20240718145257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.373 seconds Real time usage: 0.505 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1886/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29470/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2785/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36744/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.256/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6750368/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 478.330 1 -total 56.57% 270.611 11 Template:Main_other 41.67% 199.340 1 Template:Infobox_television 24.20% 115.758 1 Template:Reflist 20.85% 99.735 6 Template:Cite_web 20.26% 96.897 1 Template:Infobox 18.15% 86.802 1 Template:Infobox_television/Short_description 18.14% 86.752 1 Template:Update 15.55% 74.364 1 Template:Trim 15.21% 72.776 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41639655-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718145257 and revision id 1223253783. 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Sweater with a Christmas or winter-style design The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias) of the subject . You may improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas_jumper&action=edit) , discuss the issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Christmas_jumper) , or create a new article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard) , as appropriate. ( December 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Christmas jumper An example of a 1980s Christmas jumper Type jumper (/wiki/Sweater) A Christmas jumper (also Christmas sweater ) is a sweater (/wiki/Sweater) themed with a Christmas (/wiki/Christmas) or winter-style design, often worn during the festive season (/wiki/Festive_season) . They are often knitted (/wiki/Knitted) . A more traditional approach is a roll neck (/wiki/Roll_neck) (or "turtleneck") top-pulled garment. It can generally be said that embellishments such as tinsel, reindeer, or sparkles make a sweater "ugly," in terms of ugly sweaters. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] In the United Kingdom, Christmas jumpers became popular during the 1980s after a variety of television presenters such as Gyles Brandreth (/wiki/Gyles_Brandreth) and Timmy Mallett (/wiki/Timmy_Mallett) began wearing them during the Christmas holidays. In particular, their popularity may be attributed to the influence of singers such as Andy Williams (/wiki/Andy_Williams) and Val Doonican (/wiki/Val_Doonican) , who appeared in these type of jumpers in their television Christmas specials. [2] (#cite_note-bring-2) In Ireland, The Late Late Show (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_(Ireland)) ' s host wears an extravagant jumper for the Christmas Late Late Toy Show (/wiki/Late_Late_Toy_Show) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) They are often seen as a hand-made present knitted by an elderly relative that are given as a Christmas present. [7] (#cite_note-guardianshow-7) [8] (#cite_note-cameinfromcold-8) During the 1990s and 2000s they were seen as gag gifts (/wiki/Gag_gift) and fell out of favour [2] (#cite_note-bring-2) and featured as something to be embarrassed by as in the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary (/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary_(film)) . [7] (#cite_note-guardianshow-7) They gained camp (/wiki/Camp_(style)) appeal during the 2010s, [2] (#cite_note-bring-2) with online retailer Amazon (/wiki/Amazon.com) reporting an increase in sales of 600% in 2011, and the trend has been followed by a number of celebrities. [9] (#cite_note-9) Ugly Christmas Sweater Contests are held annually in the United States. [10] (#cite_note-10) Christmas jumpers and T-shirts in a British supermarket, 2016 In 2012, the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) described them as "this season's must have", [8] (#cite_note-cameinfromcold-8) with retailer Topman (/wiki/Topman) selling 34 different designs alone and reporting sales had increased 54% compared to 2011. [8] (#cite_note-cameinfromcold-8) Higher end fashion labels have also produced Christmas jumpers, including Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) and Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , [8] (#cite_note-cameinfromcold-8) and even metal (/wiki/Metal_music) band Slayer (/wiki/Slayer) released one as part of their merchandise range. [11] (#cite_note-11) The charity Save the Children (/wiki/Save_the_Children) runs an annual Christmas Jumper Day (/wiki/Christmas_Jumper_Day) each year in December using the slogan "Make the world better with a sweater". It encourages people to raise money for the charity by wearing their Christmas jumpers on a specific day. [12] (#cite_note-12) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reported in 2012 that a major venue for sweater sales are independent company websites, with ugly-sweater themed names. [13] (#cite_note-13) Environmental charity Hubbub reported in 2019 that up to 95% of Christmas jumpers are made using plastic, and that two-fifths of them are worn only once. A spokeswoman for Hubbub described the Christmas jumper as "one of the worst examples of fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) " and urged people to "swap, buy second-hand or re-wear" rather than buy new. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Just Whose Idea Was the Ugly Christmas Sweater?" (https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ugly-christmas-sweater-1992591) . ^ a b c Epstein, Robert (16 December 2012). "Bring Modern: Christmas jumpers" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/bring-modern-christmas-jumpers-8412120.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sweeney, Ken (29 November 2011). "Tubridy in stitches after Toy Show jumpers labelled a crime" (http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/tv-radio/tubridy-in-stitches-after-toy-show-jumpers-labelled-a-crime-2947867.html) . Irish Independent . Independent News & Media . Retrieved 29 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Party through the pain" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/party-through-the-pain-1574359.html) . Irish Independent . Independent News & Media. 14 December 2006 . Retrieved 15 November 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Murphy, Claire (23 November 2009). "Toy show jumper dilemma for Ryan" (https://archive.today/20130217180036/http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/tv-radio/toy-show-jumper-dilemma-for-ryan-1951439.html) . Evening Herald . Independent News & Media. Archived from the original (http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/tv-radio/toy-show-jumper-dilemma-for-ryan-1951439.html) on 17 February 2013 . Retrieved 27 November 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Byrne, Gay (13 February 2010). "The chameleon of Montrose" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101118184127/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2010/0213/1224264325263.html) . The Irish Times . Irish Times Trust. Archived from the original (http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2010/0213/1224264325263.html) on 18 November 2010 . Retrieved 13 February 2010 . ^ a b Hickman, Leo (14 December 2012). "Show us your Christmas jumper – for Save the Children" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2012/dec/10/show-us-christmas-jumper-save-children) . The Guardian . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ a b c d Cumming, Ed (13 December 2012). "How Christmas jumpers came in from the cold" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/9739988/How-Christmas-jumpers-came-in-from-the-cold.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The big Christmas jumper comeback" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/the-big-christmas-jumper-comeback-98294) . The Daily Mirror . 19 December 2011 . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "SLIDESHOW: FOX13 News Ugly Christmas Sweater Contest" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141220010047/http://www.myfoxmemphis.com/story/27673149/slideshow-fox13-news-ugly-christmas-sweater-contest) . WHBQ-TV (/wiki/WHBQ-TV) . Archived from the original (http://www.myfoxmemphis.com/story/27673149/slideshow-fox13-news-ugly-christmas-sweater-contest) on 20 December 2014 . Retrieved 19 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Slayer's new merch includes ugly Christmas jumper" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121127225143/http://www.nme.com/news/slayer/67312) . NME . 21 November 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.nme.com/news/slayer/67312) on 27 November 2012 . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Gripper, Ann (14 December 2012). "#XmasJumperDay: UK wears its Christmas jumpers in aid of Save The Children" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/xmasjumperday-uk-wears-its-christmas-jumpers-1489186) . The Daily Mirror . Retrieved 17 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Guy Trebay (16 December 2012). "Bad Taste, All in Fun" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/fashion/ugly-holiday-sweaters-are-all-the-rage-cultural-studies.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 16 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Most Christmas jumpers contain plastic, environmental charity warns" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50682657) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 6 December 2019 . Retrieved 12 November 2020 . 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This file does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) : Arts and Entertainment (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Arts_and_entertainment) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) , a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to join the project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members) and contribute to the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography) . For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the documentation (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc) . 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Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Journalism (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Journalism) Journalism portal (/wiki/Portal:Journalism) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Journalism (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Journalism) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of journalism (/wiki/Journalism) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Journalism) and see a list of open tasks. 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This is a subcategory of Category:Black British people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Black_British_people_by_occupation) and includes fashion designers and models. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c4df98467‐lq5l2 Cached time: 20240711141608 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23034033-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711141608 and revision id 1083741388. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Black British fashion people" The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (/wiki/Adewale_Akinnuoye-Agbaje) Charlie Allen (designer) (/wiki/Charlie_Allen_(designer)) Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) B Yasmin Benoit (/wiki/Yasmin_Benoit) Munroe Bergdorf (/wiki/Munroe_Bergdorf) Ozwald Boateng (/wiki/Ozwald_Boateng) C Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Charlie Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Charlie_Casely-Hayford) Joe Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Joe_Casely-Hayford) Rachel Christie (/wiki/Rachel_Christie) D Maximilian Davis (/wiki/Maximilian_Davis) Michelle de Swarte (/wiki/Michelle_de_Swarte) Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) E Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) Chidera Eggerue (/wiki/Chidera_Eggerue) F Malaika Firth (/wiki/Malaika_Firth) G Emma Grede (/wiki/Emma_Grede) J Jamelia (/wiki/Jamelia) K Ib Kamara (/wiki/Ib_Kamara) O Mowalola Ogunlesi (/wiki/Mowalola_Ogunlesi) Bruce Oldfield (/wiki/Bruce_Oldfield) Duro Olowu (/wiki/Duro_Olowu) Eunice Olumide (/wiki/Eunice_Olumide) Jane Omorogbe (/wiki/Jane_Omorogbe) Phina Oruche (/wiki/Phina_Oruche) R Martine Rose (/wiki/Martine_Rose) W Grace Wales Bonner (/wiki/Grace_Wales_Bonner) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Black_British_fashion_people&oldid=1083741388 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Black_British_fashion_people&oldid=1083741388) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Black British businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Black_British_businesspeople) Black British culture (/wiki/Category:Black_British_culture)
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See also Category:American female models (/wiki/Category:American_female_models) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Visual arts portal (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Male models from the United States (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Male_models_from_the_United_States) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. American male models by state (/wiki/Category:American_male_models_by_state) (41 C) A American male adult models (/wiki/Category:American_male_adult_models) (14 P) African-American male models (/wiki/Category:African-American_male_models) (35 P) H Hispanic and Latino American male models (/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_male_models) (1 C, 5 P) I American male models of Indian descent (/wiki/Category:American_male_models_of_Indian_descent) (2 P) N Native American male models (/wiki/Category:Native_American_male_models) (2 P) W Male models from Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Category:Male_models_from_Washington,_D.C.) (3 P) Pages in category "American male models" The following 101 pages are in this category, out of 101 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Archer Alexander (/wiki/Archer_Alexander) Julian Andretti (/wiki/Julian_Andretti) Austin Armacost (/wiki/Austin_Armacost) Sam Asghari (/wiki/Sam_Asghari) Laith Ashley (/wiki/Laith_Ashley) B Joseph Baena (/wiki/Joseph_Baena) Josh Beech (/wiki/Josh_Beech) Michael Bergin (/wiki/Michael_Bergin) Calum Best (/wiki/Calum_Best) Corbin Bleu (/wiki/Corbin_Bleu) Steve Bond (/wiki/Steve_Bond) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) Mehcad Brooks (/wiki/Mehcad_Brooks) Flash Brown (/wiki/Flash_Brown) Ed Buck (/wiki/Ed_Buck) C Tyler Cameron (/wiki/Tyler_Cameron) Matt Cedeño (/wiki/Matt_Cede%C3%B1o) Jimmy Clabots (/wiki/Jimmy_Clabots) Harry Conover (/wiki/Harry_Conover) Anderson Cooper (/wiki/Anderson_Cooper) Daniel Craig (/wiki/Daniel_Craig) Francesco Cura (/wiki/Francesco_Cura) D Bruce Darnell (/wiki/Bruce_Darnell) Dylan Dauzat (/wiki/Dylan_Dauzat) Hal DeWindt (/wiki/Hal_DeWindt) Aarón Díaz (/wiki/Aar%C3%B3n_D%C3%ADaz) Chris Dickerson (bodybuilder) (/wiki/Chris_Dickerson_(bodybuilder)) Dolla (rapper) (/wiki/Dolla_(rapper)) E Tyrone Edmond (/wiki/Tyrone_Edmond) Michael Edwards (actor) (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(actor)) F Tom Fitzsimmons (actor) (/wiki/Tom_Fitzsimmons_(actor)) Sur Fresh (/wiki/Sur_Fresh) G Michael Gandolfini (/wiki/Michael_Gandolfini) Tyrese Gibson (/wiki/Tyrese_Gibson) John Gidding (/wiki/John_Gidding) Ron Glick (/wiki/Ron_Glick) Daniel Goddard (actor) (/wiki/Daniel_Goddard_(actor)) Michele Graglia (/wiki/Michele_Graglia) Scott Gurney (/wiki/Scott_Gurney) H Sydney Hall (actor) (/wiki/Sydney_Hall_(actor)) Josh Henderson (/wiki/Josh_Henderson) Isaiah Hill (/wiki/Isaiah_Hill) Charlie Himmelstein (/wiki/Charlie_Himmelstein) Steve Holland (actor) (/wiki/Steve_Holland_(actor)) Djimon Hounsou (/wiki/Djimon_Hounsou) Broderick Hunter (/wiki/Broderick_Hunter) J Jay Johnson (model) (/wiki/Jay_Johnson_(model)) K Mayo Kaan (/wiki/Mayo_Kaan) Sergio Kato (/wiki/Sergio_Kato) Wisdom Kaye (/wiki/Wisdom_Kaye) RJ King (/wiki/RJ_King) Ashton Kutcher (/wiki/Ashton_Kutcher) L Alex Landi (/wiki/Alex_Landi) M George Maharis (/wiki/George_Maharis) James Maslow (/wiki/James_Maslow) Ted McGinley (/wiki/Ted_McGinley) Julian McMahon (/wiki/Julian_McMahon) Steven R. McQueen (/wiki/Steven_R._McQueen) Charles Melton (/wiki/Charles_Melton) Sean Michaels (actor) (/wiki/Sean_Michaels_(actor)) Milk (drag queen) (/wiki/Milk_(drag_queen)) Romeo Miller (/wiki/Romeo_Miller) Travis Mills (/wiki/Travis_Mills) Evan Mock (/wiki/Evan_Mock) Sebastian Monroe (model) (/wiki/Sebastian_Monroe_(model)) Shemar Moore (/wiki/Shemar_Moore) Rick Mora (/wiki/Rick_Mora) Shawn Morales (/wiki/Shawn_Morales) Chad Michael Murray (/wiki/Chad_Michael_Murray) O Ngo Okafor (/wiki/Ngo_Okafor) Nathan Owens (/wiki/Nathan_Owens) Terrell Owens (/wiki/Terrell_Owens) P Nate Porcalla (/wiki/Nate_Porcalla) Art Supawatt Purdy (/wiki/Art_Supawatt_Purdy) R Albert Reed (model) (/wiki/Albert_Reed_(model)) Shaun Ross (model) (/wiki/Shaun_Ross_(model)) Rotimi (actor) (/wiki/Rotimi_(actor)) RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul) S Antonio Sabàto Jr. (/wiki/Antonio_Sab%C3%A0to_Jr.) Tom Sandoval (/wiki/Tom_Sandoval) Al Santos (/wiki/Al_Santos) Max Schneider (/wiki/Max_Schneider) Patrick Schwarzenegger (/wiki/Patrick_Schwarzenegger) Santiago Segura (American actor) (/wiki/Santiago_Segura_(American_actor)) Septimius The Great (/wiki/Septimius_The_Great) Sayeed Shahidi (/wiki/Sayeed_Shahidi) Simon Sherry-Wood (/wiki/Simon_Sherry-Wood) Peter Shoukry (/wiki/Peter_Shoukry) Dante Spencer (/wiki/Dante_Spencer) Josh Swickard (/wiki/Josh_Swickard) T Jax Taylor (/wiki/Jax_Taylor) Tobias Truvillion (/wiki/Tobias_Truvillion) Stanley Tucci (/wiki/Stanley_Tucci) U Johann Urb (/wiki/Johann_Urb) W Brian Patrick Wade (/wiki/Brian_Patrick_Wade) Paul Walker (/wiki/Paul_Walker) Devin Way (/wiki/Devin_Way) James B. Whiteside (/wiki/James_B._Whiteside) Oren Wilkes (/wiki/Oren_Wilkes) Daniel Wu (/wiki/Daniel_Wu) Mark Wystrach (/wiki/Mark_Wystrach) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_male_models&oldid=910622875 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_male_models&oldid=910622875) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American models (/wiki/Category:American_models) American men by occupation (/wiki/Category:American_men_by_occupation) Male models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Male_models_by_nationality) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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"Tk" Wilson is a high-fashion model originally from Jamaica. [1] (#cite_note-1) Tk Wilson Born Tk Wilson May 13, 2003 (age 20) Kingston (/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica) , Jamaica (/wiki/Jamaica) Model Information Height 1.95 m (6 ft 4 in) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency [2] (#cite_note-2) Saint International Limited (https://www.saintmodels.com/) (Kingston) Career [ edit ] Tk Wilson was discovered by Deiwght Peters, CEO of Jamaican-based agency [3] (#cite_note-3) , Saint International Jamaica Limited [4] (#cite_note-4) . Wilson (https://instagram.com/tae.west_?igshid=MzMyNGUyNmU2YQ%3D%3D&utm_source=qr) [5] (#cite_note-5) won the 2023 Male Fashion Face of the Caribbean title [6] (#cite_note-6) at the annual competition finals. [7] (#cite_note-7) Personal life [ edit ] Tk Wilson was born & raised in Kingston, Jamaica (/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica) by he’s Grandmother Cynthia white [8] (#cite_note-8) , he graduated From Kingston High School in 2020. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Teenagers win Saint Fashion Face of the C'bean titles" (https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/teenagers-win-saint-fashion-face-of-the-cbean-titles/) . Jamaica Observer . 2023-04-25 . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Welcome to Saint International Jamaica Limited" (https://instagram.com/saintmodelsja?igshid=MzMyNGUyNmU2YQ==) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jamaica's Saint International Modelling Agency Hosts Glitzy" (https://www.thehautepeople.com/2023/04/jamaicas-saint-international-modelling-agency-hosts-glitzy-avant-garde.html) . Haute People . 2023-04-25 . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Deiwght Peters: The Agent Behind Jamaica's Top Models" (https://www.vogue.it/en/fashion/models/2016/05/26/deiwght-peters-jamaica-top-models/) . Vogue.it . 2016-05-26 . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Ftae.west_%2F%3Figshid%3DMzMyNGUyNmU2YQ%253D%253D%26utm_source%3Dqr) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Teenagers win Saint Fashion Face of the C'bean titles" (https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/teenagers-win-saint-fashion-face-of-the-cbean-titles/) . Jamaica Observer . 2023-04-25 . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Today, Our (2023-05-07). "TK Wilson and Drucillah Campbell join SAINT's model ranks - Our Today" (https://our.today/tk-wilson-and-drucillah-campbell-join-saints-model-ranks/) . Our Today - (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Today, Our (2023-05-07). "TK Wilson and Drucillah Campbell join SAINT's model ranks - Our Today" (https://our.today/tk-wilson-and-drucillah-campbell-join-saints-model-ranks/) . Our Today - (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 2023-10-31 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d7b9664b‐w4g9f Cached time: 20240704012411 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.142 seconds Real time usage: 0.166 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 390/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14212/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 403/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20600/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3761349/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 147.929 1 -total 78.27% 115.784 8 Template:Cite_web 18.23% 26.974 1 Template:Drafts_moved_from_mainspace 8.33% 12.321 1 Template:Draft_other 6.69% 9.897 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 4.29% 6.351 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 3.12% 4.617 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75188253-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704012411 and revision id 1226871357. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Tk_Wilson&oldid=1226871357 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Tk_Wilson&oldid=1226871357) " Hidden categories: Content moved from mainspace to draftspace from November 2023 (/wiki/Category:Content_moved_from_mainspace_to_draftspace_from_November_2023) All content moved from mainspace to draftspace (/wiki/Category:All_content_moved_from_mainspace_to_draftspace) CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt-br))
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Informal, simple dress This article is about the woman's garment. For the papal or religious garments called "house dress", see Papal regalia and insignia § Ordinary dress (/wiki/Papal_regalia_and_insignia#Ordinary_dress) . A housewife in 1941 wearing a printed cotton house dress. Nelly Don house dress, May 1922 A house dress is a type of simple dress worn informally at home for household chores or for quick errands. [1] (#cite_note-1920s-1) The term originated in the late nineteenth century to describe at-home garments designed for maximum practicality and usually made from washable fabrics. It is directly descended from the Mother Hubbard dress (/wiki/Mother_Hubbard_dress) . [2] (#cite_note-2) House dresses are also known as dusters in American (/wiki/American_English) and Philippine English (/wiki/Philippine_English) , a term which also encompasses the muumuu (/wiki/Muumuu) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-The_Tiny_Closet-4) Such dresses were a necessary part of the housewife's wardrobe in the early twentieth century and could be widely purchased through mail-order catalogues. [1] (#cite_note-1920s-1) The house dress remains a contemporary and frequently worn garment in some parts of the world. Although an informal garment, the house dress, particularly during the 1950s, was intended to be stylish and feminine as well as serviceable. [5] (#cite_note-watt-5) The concept of attractive house dresses was popularised in the late 1910s by Nell Donnelly Reed (/wiki/Nell_Donnelly_Reed) , whose "Nelly Don" housedresses (manufactured by The Donnelly Garment Company) established that house dresses could be both attractive and practical. [6] (#cite_note-don-6) The company, renamed Nelly Don (/wiki/Nelly_Don) after Reed's retirement, quickly became one of the most successful American clothing manufacturers of the 20th century. [6] (#cite_note-don-6) Some designers became known for house dress designs, such as Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) , whose 1942 ' popover (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) ' wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) was equally wearable as a house dress, a dressing-gown, a beach cover-up or even a party dress. [7] (#cite_note-maryland-7) The house dress version of McCardell's popover came with a matching oven glove (/wiki/Oven_glove) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Today house dresses remain in common use in areas where women are frequently full-time homemakers. It may also be used as an informal term for a dress that is mainly worn at home or as a leisure garment. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Drowne, Kathleen; Huber, Patrick (2004). The 1920s . Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. p. 102. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313320132 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hale Hamilton, Walton; Mark Adams (1938). Price and price policies . McGraw-Hill. p. 301. The house dress has a lowly origin and was the last to leave home and submit to factory production. It is descended from the "wrapper," or Mother Hubbard, which women donned in the morning and wore until the housework was done. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "duster" (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/duster) . Cambridge Dictionary . Retrieved 26 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Tiny_Closet_4-0) "The Duster" (http://www.thetinycloset.com/2012/02/duster.html) . The Tiny Closet . 21 February 2012 . Retrieved 26 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-watt_5-0) Watt, Judith (2012). Fashion. The definitive history of costume and style . London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 334. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781405398794 . ^ Jump up to: a b McMillen, Margot Ford; Roberson, Heather (2002). Called to courage four women in Missouri history . Columbia: University of Missouri Press. pp. 100–126. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780826263643 . ^ (#cite_ref-maryland_7-0) "Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Claire McCardell" (http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/mccardell.html) . Maryland State Archives, 2001 . Retrieved 17 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Claire McCardell: 'Popover' dress (C.I.45.71.2ab)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.45.71.2ab (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.45.71.2ab) (October 2006) Further reading [ edit ] Danese, Elda (2008). The house dress : a story of eroticism and fashion (1st ed.). Venezia: Marsilio. 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American TV series or program Savage X Fenty Show Genre Fashion Created by Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Starring Rihanna Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 4 No. of episodes 4 Production Executive producers Rihanna Jay Brown Jennifer Rosales Keith Baptista Jihye Song Michael Antinoro David Chamberlin Production locations Brooklyn, NY (/wiki/Brooklyn,_NY) Los Angeles, CA (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_CA) Production companies Fenty Films Project Endeavor Content (/wiki/Fifth_Season_(company)) Original release Network Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) Release September 20, 2019 ( 2019-09-20 ) – present Savage X Fenty Show is an annual American television special about the fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) for Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) 's lingerie brand Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) , also featuring music performances. The first, non-televised event took place in Brooklyn during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in 2018. The first television special premiered on September 20, 2019, Vol. 2 premiered on October 2, 2020, Vol. 3 premiered on September 24, 2021, and Vol. 4 premiered on November 9, 2022, all on Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) . Rihanna is the executive producer (/wiki/Executive_producer) and creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of Savage X Fenty Show . [1] (#cite_note-billboard2-1) Throughout the years, Savage X Fenty Show specials have won three Webby Awards (/wiki/Webby_Awards) , and received nominations from the Set Decorators Society of America Awards (/wiki/Set_Decorators_Society_of_America_Awards_2021) and the Art Directors Guild Awards (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild_Awards_2021) . In 2022, it won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography for Variety or Reality Programming (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Choreography) for Parris Goebel (/wiki/Parris_Goebel) 's work on Vol. 3. History [ edit ] In 2018, Rihanna launched a new lingerie line called Savage X Fenty. [2] (#cite_note-vogue1-2) [3] (#cite_note-rs1-3) On September 12, 2018, the first Savage X Fenty Show took place at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-vogue2-4) Models included Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , Indira Scott (/wiki/Indira_Scott) , and Slick Woods (/wiki/Slick_Woods) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) called it "a celebration of racial diversity and body inclusivity." [6] (#cite_note-harpers-6) Savage x Fenty is a company that celebrates all body shapes and encourages confidence through women and men lingerie. On September 10, 2019, the first special was filmed at Barclays Center (/wiki/Barclays_Center) in Brooklyn for New York Fashion Week, with a group of dancers choreographed by Parris Goebel (/wiki/Parris_Goebel) . [7] (#cite_note-vogue3-7) [6] (#cite_note-harpers-6) It featured Rihanna, along with supermodels Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) , and Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) , appearances by 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) , Normani (/wiki/Normani) , Christian Combs (/wiki/Christian_Combs) , and Paloma Elsesser (/wiki/Paloma_Elsesser) , and performances by Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) , Migos (/wiki/Migos) , Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) , DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) , Fat Joe (/wiki/Fat_Joe) , Fabolous (/wiki/Fabolous) , Tierra Whack (/wiki/Tierra_Whack) , and A$AP Ferg (/wiki/ASAP_Ferg) . [8] (#cite_note-billboard1-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) London jeweller Vicki Sarge (/w/index.php?title=Vicki_Sarge&action=edit&redlink=1) was commissioned to create the show's jewellery [11] (#cite_note-11) Vol. 2 was filmed at the Los Angeles Convention Center (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Convention_Center) and showcases Rihanna's Fall 2020 collection, and includes performances by Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) , Miguel (/wiki/Miguel_(singer)) , Rosalía (/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa) , Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) , Ella Mai (/wiki/Ella_Mai) , Mustard (/wiki/Mustard_(record_producer)) , and Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) . [1] (#cite_note-billboard2-1) [12] (#cite_note-12) Featured on the runway are Bella Hadid, Big Sean, Cara Delevingne, Christian Combs, Normani (/wiki/Normani) , Paloma Elsesser, Lizzo (/wiki/Lizzo) , Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) , Gigi Goode (/wiki/Gigi_Goode) , Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) , Laura Harrier (/wiki/Laura_Harrier) , Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) , Ryan Garcia (/wiki/Ryan_Garcia) , Shea Couleé (/wiki/Shea_Coule%C3%A9) , Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) , and Jaida Essence Hall (/wiki/Jaida_Essence_Hall) , with dancers choreographed by Parris Goebel. [7] (#cite_note-vogue3-7) [1] (#cite_note-billboard2-1) Vol. 3 was filmed at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel (/wiki/Westin_Bonaventure_Hotel) in Los Angeles [13] (#cite_note-13) and includes performances by Nas (/wiki/Nas) , Daddy Yankee (/wiki/Daddy_Yankee) , BIA (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) , Jazmine Sullivan (/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan) , Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) , Normani (/wiki/Normani) , and Jade Novah (/wiki/Jade_Novah) , and appearances from Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Alek Wek (/wiki/Alek_Wek) , Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) , Bella Poarch (/wiki/Bella_Poarch) , Eartheater (/wiki/Eartheater_(musician)) , Emily Ratajkowski (/wiki/Emily_Ratajkowski) , Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) , Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , Gottmik (/wiki/Gottmik) , Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) , Jeremy Pope (/wiki/Jeremy_Pope_(actor)) , Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) , Jojo T. Gibbs (/wiki/Jonica_T._Gibbs) , Leiomy (/wiki/Leiomy_Maldonado) , Lola Leon (/wiki/Lola_Leon) , Lucky Blue Smith (/wiki/Lucky_Blue_Smith) , Mena Massoud (/wiki/Mena_Massoud) , Nyjah Huston (/wiki/Nyjah_Huston) , Sabrina Carpenter (/wiki/Sabrina_Carpenter) , Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) , Symone (/wiki/Symone_(drag_queen)) , Thuso Mbedu (/wiki/Thuso_Mbedu) , Troye Sivan (/wiki/Troye_Sivan) , Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) , and Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) . [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) For Vol. 4 , Rihanna again serves as executive producer and creative director. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) It includes performances by Anitta (/wiki/Anitta_(singer)) , Burna Boy (/wiki/Burna_Boy) , Don Toliver (/wiki/Don_Toliver) , and Maxwell (/wiki/Maxwell_(musician)) , and features Johnny Depp (/wiki/Johnny_Depp) , Ángela Aguilar (/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Aguilar) , Avani Gregg (/wiki/Avani_Gregg) , Bella Poarch (/wiki/Bella_Poarch) , Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) , Damson Idris (/wiki/Damson_Idris) , Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) , Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) , Kornbread (/wiki/Kornbread_Jet%C3%A9) , Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) , Lilly Singh (/wiki/Lilly_Singh) , Marsai Martin (/wiki/Marsai_Martin) , Precious Lee (/wiki/Precious_Lee) , Rickey Thompson (/wiki/Rickey_Thompson) , Sheryl Lee Ralph (/wiki/Sheryl_Lee_Ralph) , Simu Liu (/wiki/Simu_Liu) , Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) , Taylour Paige (/wiki/Taylour_Paige) , Winston Duke (/wiki/Winston_Duke) , and Zach Miko. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-teenvogue-20) Vol. 4 was filmed at Allied Studios presented by Prime Video on November 8, 2022, in Simi Valley, California. [32] Release [ edit ] Savage X Fenty Show was released on Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) on September 20, 2019. [6] (#cite_note-harpers-6) A teaser for Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 2 was released on September 25, 2020, and it premiered on Prime Video on October 2, 2020. [8] (#cite_note-billboard1-8) [21] (#cite_note-21) A teaser for Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 3 was released on August 26, 2021, and it premiered on Prime Video on September 24, 2021. [22] (#cite_note-billboard3-22) A teaser for Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 4 was released on October 14, 2022, [23] (#cite_note-23) the trailer was released on November 3, 2022, [24] (#cite_note-24) and it premiered on Prime Video on November 9, 2022. [20] (#cite_note-teenvogue-20) Summary [ edit ] # Event Dates Location Choreographer Broadcaster Models Performers 1 Savage X Fenty Show (2018) September 12, 2018 Brooklyn Navy Yard (/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard) , Brooklyn, NY, U.S. Parris Goebel (/wiki/Parris_Goebel) no broadcast Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) Paloma Elsesser (/wiki/Paloma_Elsesser) Slick Woods (/wiki/Slick_Woods) Indira Scott (/wiki/Indira_Scott) Raisa Flowers none 2 Savage X Fenty Show (2019) September 10, 2019 Barclays Center (/wiki/Barclays_Center) , Brooklyn, NY, U.S. Parris Goebel Prime Video (/wiki/Prime_Video) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Bella Hadid Gigi Hadid Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) Laverne Cox (/wiki/Laverne_Cox) Joan Smalls Normani (/wiki/Normani) 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) Christian Combs (/wiki/Christian_Combs) Paloma Elsesser Alek Wek (/wiki/Alek_Wek) Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) Migos (/wiki/Migos) Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) A$AP Ferg (/wiki/ASAP_Ferg) DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) Fat Joe (/wiki/Fat_Joe) Fabolous (/wiki/Fabolous) Tierra Whack (/wiki/Tierra_Whack) 3 Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 2 (2020) Pre-filmed Los Angeles Convention Center (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Convention_Center) , Los Angeles, CA, U.S. Parris Goebel Prime Video Rihanna Bella Hadid Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) Cara Delevingne Jaida Essence Hall (/wiki/Jaida_Essence_Hall) Indya Moore (/wiki/Indya_Moore) Normani Lizzo (/wiki/Lizzo) Adesuwa Aighewi (/wiki/Adesuwa_Aighewi) Jazzelle Zanaughtti Paloma Elsesser Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Laura Harrier (/wiki/Laura_Harrier) Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Chika (/wiki/Chika_(rapper)) Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) Jaren Merrell Gigi Goode (/wiki/Gigi_Goode) Shea Couleé (/wiki/Shea_Coule%C3%A9) Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) Christian Combs Big Sean Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) Rosalía (/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa) Mustard (/wiki/Mustard_(record_producer)) Ella Mai (/wiki/Ella_Mai) Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) Miguel (/wiki/Miguel_(singer)) 4 Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 3 (2021) Pre-filmed Westin Bonaventure Hotel (/wiki/Westin_Bonaventure_Hotel) , Los Angeles, CA, U.S. Parris Goebel Prime Video Rihanna Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) AJ Alek Wek (/wiki/Alek_Wek) Angel August Atkinson Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) Bella Poarch (/wiki/Bella_Poarch) Daniel Aguilera Eartheater (/wiki/Eartheater_(musician)) Emily Ratajkowski (/wiki/Emily_Ratajkowski) Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) Gigi Hadid Gottmik (/wiki/Gottmik) Irina Shayk Jeremy Pope (/wiki/Jeremy_Pope_(actor)) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) Jojo T. Gibbs (/wiki/Jonica_T._Gibbs) Leiomy (/wiki/Leiomy_Maldonado) Lola Leon (/wiki/Lola_Leon) Lucky Blue Smith (/wiki/Lucky_Blue_Smith) Mena Massoud (/wiki/Mena_Massoud) Mei Pang Nyjah Huston (/wiki/Nyjah_Huston) Precious Lee (/wiki/Precious_Lee) Sabrina Carpenter (/wiki/Sabrina_Carpenter) Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Symone (/wiki/Symone_(drag_queen)) Thuso Mbedu (/wiki/Thuso_Mbedu) Troye Sivan (/wiki/Troye_Sivan) Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Nas (/wiki/Nas) Daddy Yankee (/wiki/Daddy_Yankee) BIA (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) Jazmine Sullivan (/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan) Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) Normani (/wiki/Normani) Jade Novah (/wiki/Jade_Novah) 5 Savage X Fenty Show Vol.4 (2022) Pre-filmed Simi Valley (/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California) Ventura County, CA, U.S. Parris Goebel Prime Video Rihanna Ángela Aguilar (/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Aguilar) Avani Gregg (/wiki/Avani_Gregg) Bella Poarch Cara Delevingne Damson Idris (/wiki/Damson_Idris) Irina Shayk Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) Johnny Depp (/wiki/Johnny_Depp) Kornbread (/wiki/Kornbread_Jet%C3%A9) Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) Lilly Singh (/wiki/Lilly_Singh) Marsai Martin (/wiki/Marsai_Martin) Precious Lee Rickey Thompson (/wiki/Rickey_Thompson) Sheryl Lee Ralph (/wiki/Sheryl_Lee_Ralph) Simu Liu (/wiki/Simu_Liu) Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) Taylour Paige (/wiki/Taylour_Paige) Winston Duke (/wiki/Winston_Duke) Zach Miko Anitta (/wiki/Anitta_(singer)) Burna Boy (/wiki/Burna_Boy) Don Toliver (/wiki/Don_Toliver) Maxwell (/wiki/Maxwell_(musician)) Accolades [ edit ] Year Award Category Receipt Result Ref(s) 2019 BreakTheInternet Awards Fashion Moment Of The Year Rihanna Won [25] (#cite_note-grio-25) 2020 Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards (/wiki/72nd_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Outstanding Choreography for Variety or Reality Programming (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Choreography) Parris Goebel (/wiki/Parris_Goebel) Nominated [26] (#cite_note-26) WOWIE Awards Outstanding Fashion Show or Program Rihanna Won [25] (#cite_note-grio-25) 2021 Art Directors Guild Awards (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild_Awards_2021) Excellence in Production Design for a Variety Special Steve Morden Nominated [27] (#cite_note-27) People's Choice Awards (/wiki/47th_People%27s_Choice_Awards) The Pop Special of 2021 Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 3 Nominated [28] (#cite_note-peoples-28) Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards (/wiki/73rd_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Outstanding Choreography for Variety or Reality Programming (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Choreography) Parris Goebel Nominated [29] (#cite_note-29) Webby Awards (/wiki/Webby_Awards) Social: Events Savage X Fenty Show Won [30] (#cite_note-webby-30) Social: Diversity & Inclusion Won Social: Performance & Dance Won 2022 Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/74th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Outstanding Choreography for Variety or Reality Programming (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Choreography) Parris Goebel (/wiki/Parris_Goebel) Won [31] (#cite_note-31) Outstanding Production Design for a Variety Special (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Production_Design_for_a_Variety_Special) Willo Perron, Steve Morden, and Marc Manabat Nominated Set Decorators Society of America Awards (/wiki/Set_Decorators_Society_of_America_Awards_2021) Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Variety Special Vince Rodriguez and Steve Morden Nominated [32] (#cite_note-32) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Aniftos, Rania (17 September 2020). "Rihanna Is Bringing Her Annual Savage X Fenty Show Back to Amazon Prime Video" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9451173/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-back-to-amazon-prime-video) . Billboard . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue1_2-0) Newbold, Alice (29 June 2018). "Savage X Fenty: Everything We Know About Rihanna's Underwear Line" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/fenty-savage) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-rs1_3-0) Chan, Tim (21 September 2020). "Travis Scott, Bad Bunny, Rosalia Performing at Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Show on Amazon Prime" (https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/lifestyle/watch-savage-x-fenty-show-live-stream-amazon-prime-1064126/) . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue2_4-0) Yotka, Steff (13 September 2018). "At Savage x Fenty's Runway Show, All Women Are Goddesses" (https://www.vogue.com/article/savage-x-fenty-runway-show-rihanna) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Weiner, Zoe (13 September 2018). "Models in Rihanna's Savage X Fenty New York Fashion Week 2018 Show Wore Fenty Beauty Makeup" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/models-in-rihannas-savage-x-fenty-new-york-fashion-week-2018-show-wore-fenty-beauty-makeup) . Teen Vogue . Retrieved 26 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Gonzales, Erica (19 September 2019). "How to Watch Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Show Online and Avoid Fashion Week FOMO" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a28988988/watch-rihanna-savage-fenty-show-2019/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Newbold, Alice (17 September 2020). "Rihanna's Ground-Breaking Savage X Fenty Show Is Back" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/rihanna-savage-fenty-show-2020) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mamo, Heran (25 September 2020). "Lizzo, Rosalía, Miguel & More Star in Rihanna's 'Savage x Fenty Show Vol. 2' Teaser" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9455527/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-2-teaser-lizzo-rosalia-miguel-bella-hadid) . Billboard . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gardner, Abby (20 September 2019). "People Are Freaking Out Over Rihanna's Savage x Fenty Show" (https://www.glamour.com/story/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-fall-2019-show-reactions) . Glamour . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Murray, Daisy (28 September 2020). "Rihanna's Savage X Fenty: Everything We Know About 2020 NYFW Show And Lingerie Collection" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a28995127/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-new-york-fashion-week/) . Elle . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Taylor, Rachael. "VICKISARGE on designing jewels for Rihanna's catwalk" (https://jewellerycut.com/qa-vickisarge-on-designing-jewels-for-rihannas-catwalk/) . The Jewellery Cut . Retrieved 9 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Okwodu, Janelle (30 September 2020). "Rihanna on Working From Home, Dressing for Zoom, and Savage x Fenty's Epic New Show" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-savage-fenty-2020-interview) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Directo-Meston, Danielle (21 September 2021). "How to Watch Rihanna's Star-Studded Savage x Fenty Show Vol. 3 Online" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/shop/how-to-watch-savage-x-fenty-show-1235017797/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 24 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cowen, Trace (13 September 2021). "Rihanna Shares Teaser and Reveals Performance Lineup for Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 3" (https://www.complex.com/style/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-3-teaser-performance-lineup) . Complex . Retrieved 14 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Frey, Kaitlyn (22 September 2021). "Cindy Crawford to Walk in Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Vol. 3 Fashion Show" (https://people.com/style/cindy-crawford-walk-rihanna-savage-fenty-show-preview/) . People . Retrieved 24 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) M, Talia (2022-11-03). "Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 4 Official Trailer -" (https://whereisthebuzz.com/rihannas-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-4-official-trailer/) . whereisthebuzz.com . Retrieved 2022-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Fraser, Kristopher (14 October 2022). "Rihanna Readies the Runway for 'Savage x Fenty Show Vol. 4' on Prime Video" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-fashion-show-vol-4-date-info-1235390417/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 1 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Newbold, Alice (26 October 2022). "Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Show Line-Up Is As Major As Ever" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/rihanna-savage-fenty-volume-four) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Kelly, Dylan (25 October 2022). "Rihanna Reveals the 'Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 4' Cast in New Teaser" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/10/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-4-teaser-cast-announcement) . Hypebeast . Retrieved 1 November 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nesvig, Kara (2022-10-26). "The Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 4 Is Almost Here, Here's What to Know" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/savage-x-fenty-show-vol-4) . Teen Vogue . Retrieved 2022-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Talarico, Brittany (30 September 2020). "Rihanna Reinvents Her Savage X Fenty Lingerie Show for a Pandemic Era: 'I'm Proud of My Team' (https://people.com/style/rihanna-reinvents-her-savage-x-fenty-lingerie-show/) " (https://people.com/style/rihanna-reinvents-her-savage-x-fenty-lingerie-show/) . People . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-billboard3_22-0) Mamo, Heran (26 August 2021). "Rihanna Announces 'Savage x Fenty Show Vol. 3' Will Stream Next Month: 'You Think You Ready?!' (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/9620508/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-3-streaming-september-2021/) " (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/9620508/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-show-vol-3-streaming-september-2021/) . Billboard . Retrieved 26 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Rude, Mey (14 October 2022). "Here's Every New Project Rihanna Is Blessing Us With Very, Very Soon" (https://www.out.com/celebs/2022/10/14/heres-every-new-project-rihanna-blessing-us-very-very-soon#media-gallery-media-2) . Out . Retrieved 1 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Mahadevan, Tara (3 November 2022). "Watch the Official Trailer for Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Show Vol. 4" (https://www.complex.com/style/savage-x-fenty-trailer-vol-4-amazon-prime) . Complex . Retrieved 4 November 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A rundown of Rihanna's Savage X Fenty shows" (https://thegrio.com/2021/07/29/a-rundown-of-rihannas-savage-x-fenty-shows/) . The Grio. 29 July 2021 . Retrieved 24 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "72nd Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners" (https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2020/outstanding-choreography-for-variety-or-reality-programming) . Emmys.com . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Tangcay, Jazz (January 24, 2022). "Art Directors Guild 2022 Nominations Headed by 'Nightmare Alley,' 'Cruella,' 'No Time to Die,' 'In the Heights' (https://variety.com/2022/film/awards/art-directors-guild-2022-nominations-full-list-1235160949/) " (https://variety.com/2022/film/awards/art-directors-guild-2022-nominations-full-list-1235160949/) . Variety . Retrieved January 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-peoples_28-0) "People's choice 2021 Pop Special of 2021 Nominees" (http://www.votepca.com/pop-culture/the-pop-special-of-2021) . votepca.com . Retrieved 27 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "73rd Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners" (https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2021/outstanding-choreography-for-variety-or-reality-programming) . Emmys.com . Retrieved 26 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-webby_30-0) "Savage Not Sorry" (https://winners.webbyawards.com/2021/social/general-social/events/184260/savage-not-sorry) . Webbyawards.com . Retrieved 27 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Montgomery, Daniel (2022-09-03). "2022 Creative Arts Emmy winners list in all categories [UPDATING LIVE]" (https://www.goldderby.com/feature/2022-creative-arts-emmy-winners-list-1205063473/) . GoldDerby . Retrieved 2022-09-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Set Decorators Announce Television Nominees for SDSA Awards, Where Lizzo Will Take on Harry Potter" (https://www.btlnews.com/news/sdsa-tv-nominations-2021-lizzo-harry-potter/) . Below the Line . June 15, 2022 . Retrieved June 19, 2022 . 32. https://k1047.com/2022/11/09/savage-x-fenty-vol-4-how-to-watch/ (https://k1047.com/2022/11/09/savage-x-fenty-vol-4-how-to-watch/) External links [ edit ] Savage X Fenty Show at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Savage X Fenty Show at Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) v t e Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Albums (/wiki/Rihanna_albums_discography) Singles (/wiki/Rihanna_singles_discography) Videography (/wiki/Rihanna_videography) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Rihanna) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Rihanna_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Rihanna) Studio albums Music of the Sun (/wiki/Music_of_the_Sun) A Girl Like Me (/wiki/A_Girl_Like_Me_(Rihanna_album)) Good Girl Gone Bad (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad) Reloaded Rated R (/wiki/Rated_R_(Rihanna_album)) Loud (/wiki/Loud_(Rihanna_album)) Talk That Talk (/wiki/Talk_That_Talk) Unapologetic (/wiki/Unapologetic) Anti (/wiki/Anti_(album)) Soundtrack albums Home (/wiki/Home_(soundtrack)) Black Panther: Wakanda Forever – Music from and Inspired By (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_(soundtrack)#Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_–_Music_from_and_Inspired_By) Remix albums Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad:_The_Remixes) Rated R: Remixed (/wiki/Rated_R:_Remixed) Video albums Good Girl Gone Bad Live (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Live) Loud Tour Live at the O2 (/wiki/Loud_Tour_Live_at_the_O2) Rihanna 777 Documentary... 7Countries7Days7Shows (/wiki/Rihanna_777_Documentary..._7Countries7Days7Shows) Performances Rihanna: Live in Concert (/wiki/Rihanna:_Live_in_Concert) Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Tour) A Girl's Night Out (/wiki/A_Girl%27s_Night_Out) Last Girl on Earth (/wiki/Last_Girl_on_Earth) Loud Tour (/wiki/Loud_Tour) Diamonds World Tour (/wiki/Diamonds_World_Tour) The Monster Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Tour_(Eminem_and_Rihanna)) Anti World Tour (/wiki/Anti_World_Tour) Super Bowl LVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVII_halftime_show) Retail Rihanna (book) (/wiki/Rihanna_(book)) Reb'l Fleur (/wiki/Reb%27l_Fleur) Rebelle (/wiki/Rebelle_(fragrance)) Nude (/wiki/Nude_by_Rihanna) Rogue (/wiki/Rogue_by_Rihanna) Fenty X Puma (/wiki/Fenty_X_Puma) Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) Fenty (fashion house) (/wiki/Fenty_(fashion_house)) Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) Savage X Fenty Show Related topics Clara Lionel Foundation (/wiki/Clara_Lionel_Foundation) Styled to Rock British TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(British_TV_series)) American TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(American_TV_series)) Category (/wiki/Category:Rihanna) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c88969d45‐hh8pv Cached time: 20240718131854 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.684 seconds Real time usage: 0.827 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4017/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 92134/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5386/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 151991/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.449/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7737724/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 746.337 1 -total 38.99% 290.987 1 Template:Infobox_television 37.26% 278.091 12 Template:Main_other 32.24% 240.613 1 Template:Reflist 23.18% 173.002 22 Template:Cite_news 15.67% 116.976 1 Template:Infobox 13.16% 98.192 1 Template:Infobox_television/Short_description 10.32% 77.017 6 Template:Trim 9.99% 74.578 1 Template:Short_description 8.15% 60.822 1 Template:Rihanna Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65470204-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718131854 and revision id 1230008983. 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1942 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1942) 1943 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1943) 1944 1945 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1945) 1946 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1946) 1947 1948 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1948) 1949 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1949) 1950 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1950) 1951 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1951) 1952 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1952) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) established in 1947 (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1947) — companies in fashion−design &/or manufacturing−retailing of clothing. Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐p8cgb Cached time: 20240719063345 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.114 seconds Real time usage: 0.273 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 66/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2787/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 84/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.084/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 932551/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 259.366 1 -total 90.99% 235.989 1 Template:Navseasoncats 7.85% 20.371 1 Template:Portal 1.07% 2.784 2 Template:C Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49519180-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719063345 and revision id 974958446. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1947" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) F Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) H H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Honigman (/wiki/Honigman) J J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) M Miroglio (/wiki/Miroglio) Morgan (clothing) (/wiki/Morgan_(clothing)) P Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) R R.G. Barry Corporation (/wiki/R.G._Barry_Corporation) T Talbots (/wiki/Talbots) U UAB Lelija (/wiki/UAB_Lelija) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1947&oldid=974958446 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1947&oldid=974958446) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1940s fashion (/wiki/Category:1940s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1947 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1947) Manufacturing companies established in 1947 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1947) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c466458c‐s76l9 Cached time: 20240627080642 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.049 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 388/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.019/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627116/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 43.345 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 43.345 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49731938-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627080642 and revision id 1132698961. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. C Cloth merchants (/wiki/Category:Cloth_merchants) (22 P) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) (13 C, 5 P) D Clothing industry disasters (/wiki/Category:Clothing_industry_disasters) (1 C, 10 P) Dry cleaning (/wiki/Category:Dry_cleaning) (19 P) F Fashion merchandising (/wiki/Category:Fashion_merchandising) (10 P) G Garment districts (/wiki/Category:Garment_districts) (11 P) H Haberdashers (/wiki/Category:Haberdashers) (2 C, 30 P) R Clothing retailers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers) (13 C, 3 P) S Shoe business (/wiki/Category:Shoe_business) (2 C, 8 P, 1 F) Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) (11 C, 82 P) T Textile and clothing trade unions (/wiki/Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions) (9 C, 106 P) Pages in category "Clothing industry" The following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) A Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh) Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety (/wiki/Alliance_for_Bangladesh_Worker_Safety) B Bekleidungshaus Otto Werner (/wiki/Bekleidungshaus_Otto_Werner) Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) Bespoke Tailors' Benevolent Association (/wiki/Bespoke_Tailors%27_Benevolent_Association) C Cascale (/wiki/Cascale) Cloakmaker (/wiki/Cloakmaker) Cloth merchant (/wiki/Cloth_merchant) Clothes steamer (/wiki/Clothes_steamer) Clothing in Mauritius (/wiki/Clothing_in_Mauritius) Clothing technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Cruise collection (/wiki/Cruise_collection) D Draper (/wiki/Draper) Drapery hook (/wiki/Drapery_hook) Dry cleaning (/wiki/Dry_cleaning) E E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Elsbach (company) (/wiki/Elsbach_(company)) Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) F Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) G Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) H Hand feel (/wiki/Hand_feel) Clothes hanger (/wiki/Clothes_hanger) L Lastex (/wiki/Lastex) List of fabrics (/wiki/List_of_fabrics) List of textile fibres (/wiki/List_of_textile_fibres) M Mannequin dresser (/wiki/Mannequin_dresser) Mercery (/wiki/Mercery) N Nylon riots (/wiki/Nylon_riots) P Piñatex (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1atex) Predetermined motion time system (/wiki/Predetermined_motion_time_system) R Resort wear (/wiki/Resort_wear) Riding coat (/wiki/Riding_coat) S Silkwoman (/wiki/Silkwoman) Slop (clothing) (/wiki/Slop_(clothing)) Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Sweatshop (/wiki/Sweatshop) T Tailor (/wiki/Tailor) Textile (/wiki/Textile) Texturizing (/wiki/Texturizing) Tunnel finisher (/wiki/Tunnel_finisher) Y Yak fiber (/wiki/Yak_fiber) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_industry&oldid=1132698961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_industry&oldid=1132698961) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Textile industry (/wiki/Category:Textile_industry) Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing)
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Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lngr6 Cached time: 20240712232332 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.113 seconds Real time usage: 0.318 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 125/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5122/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 266/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9252/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.085/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 970977/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 147.549 1 -total 99.93% 147.444 2 Template:Nowrap 98.96% 146.013 2 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73707065-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712232332 and revision id 1230931890. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clothing_and_the_environment&oldid=1230931890 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Clothing_and_the_environment&oldid=1230931890) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Globalization templates (/wiki/Category:Globalization_templates) Environment sidebar templates (/wiki/Category:Environment_sidebar_templates) Fashion templates (/wiki/Category:Fashion_templates) Clothing templates (/wiki/Category:Clothing_templates) Hidden category: Sidebars with styles needing conversion (/wiki/Category:Sidebars_with_styles_needing_conversion)
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A Japanese clothing brand. UNITED ARROWS logo UNITED ARROWS Oita-shi (/wiki/%C5%8Cita_(city)) shop UNITED ARROWS BEAUTY & YOUTH Shibuya (/wiki/Shibuya) United Arrows is a Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics) clothing brand founded in 1989 by Yasuto Kamoshita, Hirofumi Kurino and Osamu Shigematsu. [1] (#cite_note-The_Rake-1) Its sub-brand Camoshita United Arrows was established in 2007. [1] (#cite_note-The_Rake-1) The brand has collaborated with New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) , [2] (#cite_note-2) The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) , [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , [6] (#cite_note-6) HUF (/wiki/Keith_Hufnagel) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and others. See also [ edit ] Billionaire Boys Club (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(clothing_retailer)) Nigo (/wiki/Nigo) Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) A Bathing Ape (/wiki/A_Bathing_Ape) Virgil Abloh (/wiki/Virgil_Abloh) OVO (/wiki/OVO_Sound#OVO_Clothing) Chrome Hearts (/wiki/Chrome_Hearts) Opening Ceremony (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony_(brand)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b CAMOSHITA UNITED ARROWS: NEW SEASON SIMPLICITY (https://therake.com/stories/camoshita-united-arrows-new-season-simplicity/) AOBH O'BRIEN-MOODY, The Rake , 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-2) UNITED ARROWS Releases 30th Anniversary New Balance M1500 (https://hypebeast.com/2019/10/united-arrows-new-balance-m1500-30th-anniversary-release) hypebeast , Ambrose Leung, 18 October 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-3) BEAUTY & YOUTH Recruits THE NORTH FACE PURPLE LABEL for Mountain-Ready Outerwear (https://hypebeast.com/2019/10/the-north-face-purple-label-united-arrows-beauty-youth-mountain-coat-sholder-pouch-collab-fw19) hypebeast , Isaac Rouse, October 12, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-4) UNITED ARROWS & SONS Reimagines Dr. Martens’ Iconic Loafers (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/united-arrows-sons-dr-martens-bit-loafer/) highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) , Isabelle Hore-Thorburn, April 9, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-5) UPDATE: UNITED ARROWS' Premium Dr. Martens Bit Loafers Arrive Overseas (https://hypebeast.com/2019/3/united-arrows-sons-dr-martens-bit-loafer-shoes-collaboration) hypebeast , Jake Silbert, March 31, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-6) BEAUTY & YOUTH Strips Back the adidas Originals Continental 80 (https://hypebeast.com/2019/2/adidas-continental-80-beauty-and-youth) Eric Brain, hypebeast , February 21, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-7) HUF Partners with United Arrows & Sons for Latest Capsule Collection (https://respect-mag.com/2020/01/huf-partners-with-united-arrows-sons-for-latest-capsule-collection/) Ayana Rashed, Respect , January 15, 2020 External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.united-arrows.co.jp/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/259746051) National Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01077509) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Arrows&action=edit) . v t e This article about a Japanese corporation- or company-related topic is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Houseshoes (/w/index.php?title=Houseshoes&redirect=no) ) Informal footwear For other uses, see Slipper (disambiguation) (/wiki/Slipper_(disambiguation)) . Open-heeled slippers Slippers are a type of shoes falling under the broader category of light footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , that are easy to put on and off and are intended to be worn indoors, particularly at home. [1] (#cite_note-1) They provide comfort and protection for the feet when walking indoors. History [ edit ] The recorded history of slippers can be traced back to the 12th century. [2] (#cite_note-2) In the West (/wiki/Western_world) , the record can only be traced to 1478. [3] (#cite_note-3) [ better source needed ] [4] (#cite_note-4) [ failed verification ] The English word "slippers" ( sclyppers ) occurs from about 1478. [5] (#cite_note-5) English-speakers formerly also used the related term " pantofles (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pantofles) " (from French pantoufle ). Peranakan (/wiki/Peranakan) Chinese wedding slippers from the late 19th century Slippers in China (/wiki/China) date from 4700 BCE; [ dubious – discuss (/wiki/Talk:Slipper#Dubious) ] they were made of cotton or woven rush, had leather linings, and featured symbols of power, such as dragons. [6] (#cite_note-6) Native American moccasins were also highly decorative. Such moccasins depicted nature scenes and were embellished with beadwork and fringing; their soft sure-footedness made them suitable for indoors appropriation. Inuit and Aleut people made shoes from smoked hare-hide to protect their feet against the frozen ground inside their homes. [7] (#cite_note-7) Fashionable Orientalism (/wiki/Orientalism) saw the introduction into the West of designs like the baboosh (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baboosh) . Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) people needed such shoes to keep the dust and gravel outside their homes. [8] (#cite_note-8) For Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) ladies slippers gave an opportunity to show off their needlepoint skills and to use embroidery as decoration. [9] (#cite_note-9) Types [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Slipper) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Types of slippers include: Open-heel slippers – usually made with a fabric upper layer that encloses the top of the foot and the toes, but leaves the heel open. These are often distributed in expensive hotels, included with the cost of the room. Closed slippers – slippers with a heel guard that prevents the foot from sliding out. Slipper boots – slippers meant to look like boots. Often favored by women, they are typically furry boots with a fleece or soft lining, and a soft rubber sole. Modeled after sheepskin boots (/wiki/Sheepskin_boots) , they may be worn outside. Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) slippers – cushioned sandals with soft rubber or fabric soles, similar to Birkenstock (/wiki/Birkenstock) 's cushioned sandals. Evening slipper, also known as the "Prince Albert" slipper in reference to Albert, Prince Consort (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) . It is made of velvet with leather soles and features a grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) bow or the wearer’s initials embroidered in gold. Novelty animal-feet slippers Some slippers are made to resemble something other than a slipper and are sold as a novelty item (/wiki/Novelty_item) . The slippers are usually made from soft and colorful materials and may come in the shapes of animals, animal paws, vehicles, cartoon characters, etc. Not all shoes with a soft fluffy interior are slippers. Any shoe with a rubber sole and laces is a normal outdoor shoe. In India, rubber chappals (/wiki/Chappal) (flip-flops) are worn as indoor shoes. [10] (#cite_note-10) In popular culture [ edit ] The fictional character Cinderella (/wiki/Cinderella) is said to have worn glass slippers; in modern parlance, they would probably be called glass high heels (/wiki/High_heels) . This motif was introduced in Charles Perrault (/wiki/Charles_Perrault) 's 1697 version of the fairy tale (/wiki/Fairy_tale) , "Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de verre" "Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper". For some years it was debated that this detail was a mistranslation and the slippers in the story were instead made of fur (French: vair ), but this interpretation has since been discredited by folklorists. [11] (#cite_note-11) A pair of ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) worn by Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) in The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)) sold at Christie's in June 1988 for $165,000. The same pair was resold on May 24, 2000, for $666,000. [12] (#cite_note-12) On both occasions, they were the most expensive shoes from a film to be sold at auction. [13] (#cite_note-13) In Hawaii and many islands of The Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean) , slippers, or "slippahs" is used for describing flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) . [14] (#cite_note-14) The term "house shoes" (elided into how-shuze ) is common in the American South (/wiki/American_South) . [15] (#cite_note-15) See also [ edit ] Bunny slippers (/wiki/Bunny_slippers) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Lady's slipper orchids (/wiki/Lady%27s_slipper_orchid) Ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) Slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Slippering (/wiki/Slippering) (punishment) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Definition of (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/slipper) slipper Retrieved 2017-09-12 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Compare: Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (17 March 2015). "Slippers: Slippers in History" (https://books.google.com/books?id=gO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA532) . World Clothing and Fashion: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence . Routledge. p. 532. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-45167-9 . Retrieved 24 April 2024 . Ancient Athenians imported Laconian slippers from Sparta or Asian slip-ons from Persia. [...] Roman women wore socci (slippers) indoors and for assignations. [...] After 449, Anglo-Saxon grooms received their brides' 'slype-scoes' (slip-shoes) from their fathers-in-law as symbols of protection and female control. [...] Trends continued to offer new sensations, as with the Italian pianella (wedge mule) and the scarpetta (slipper) of the late 1300s made in the same fabric as an ensemble. In contrast to the stride of the booted male, women adjusted their gait to suit the slipper, an emblem of femininity. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "History of the Slipper" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170922100857/https://betsyblue.co.uk/blogs/news/9037635-history-of-the-slipper) . betsyblue.co.uk . September 10, 2013. Archived from the original (https://betsyblue.co.uk/blogs/news/9037635-history-of-the-slipper) on 2017-09-22 . Retrieved 2020-03-01 . The earliest recorded reference to the slipper was is[sic] in the 12th Century by a Southern Song Dynasty Officer where he describes two types of slipper he saw in what is now Vietnam. [...] In the West, slippers were first recorded around 1478. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Slipper History" (http://www.iinuu.eu/en/wisdom/good-to-know/slipper-history) . iinuu.eu . September 9, 2010 . Retrieved 2020-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "slipper" (https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=slipper) . Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) (Online ed.). Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . (Subscription or participating institution membership (https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (17 March 2015). World Clothing and Fashion: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence . Routledge. p. 532. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-45167-9 . In China as early as 4700 B.C.E,, court robes and cotton or woven rush slippers sported leather linings and embroidered dragon-and-phoenix designs as emblems of power. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The history of the slipper" (https://www.ernestjournal.co.uk/blog/2017/8/14/the-history-of-the-slipper) . Ernest journal . 14 August 2017 . Retrieved 2022-03-30 . Inuit and Aleut people would make shoes from smoked hare hide to protect their feet against the frozen ground inside their homes. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The history of the slipper" (https://www.ernestjournal.co.uk/blog/2017/8/14/the-history-of-the-slipper) . Ernest journal . 14 August 2017 . Retrieved 2022-03-30 . [...] the discerning Victorian gentleman was in need of a pair of 'house shoes' in order to keep the dust and gravel outside – much better than ruining his expensive rug and beautifully polished floor. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The history of the slipper" (https://www.ernestjournal.co.uk/blog/2017/8/14/the-history-of-the-slipper) . Ernest journal . 14 August 2017 . Retrieved 2022-03-30 . Embroidered slippers presented Victorian ladies (on both sides of the Atlantic) with an opportunity to show off their needlepoint skills. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Khanna, Parul (3 October 2009). "Hawai chappal the new fashion accessory!" (http://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/hawai-chappal-the-new-fashion-accessory/story-ApEvMe8tiIjRDhcsizQaWI.html) . Hindustan Times . Retrieved 19 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tatar, Maria. The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Ruby red slippers fetch $666,000" (https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ruby-red-slippers-fetch-666-000-1.275235) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Most expensive shoes from a film sold at auction" (http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-expensive-shoes-from-a-film-sold-at-auction) . guinnessworldrecords.com . Retrieved 2018-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kell, Duke; Kell, Nancy (9 August 2022). Teaching with Equity: Strategies and Resources for Building a Culturally Responsive and Race-Conscious Classroom . Simon and Schuster. p. 160. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-64604-379-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, and Joan Houston Hall (eds). (2002) Dictionary of American Regional English . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 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Clothing style A quarter-zipper is a type of cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) or sweater (/wiki/Sweater) with a zip that only goes down from the neck to the chest. The style originated as sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) in the mid 20th century. The zip allowed the collar to be opened as needed to regulate temperature. It was then used as leisurewear (/wiki/Leisurewear) too. [1] (#cite_note-G-1) In the 2020s, this style of garment was popular as smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) wear for affluent men such as Rishi Sunak (/wiki/Rishi_Sunak) . As dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) were made more casual to accommodate trends such as working from home (/wiki/Working_from_home) , the quarter-zipper was increasingly worn as stylish work wear, replacing the traditional business suit (/wiki/Business_suit) . [1] (#cite_note-G-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b Chloe MacDonnell (4 March 2023), "Quarter-zipper becomes the new status symbol for men of a certain position" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/mar/04/quarter-zipper-becomes-the-new-status-symbol-for-men-of-a-certain-position) , The Guardian This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quarter-zipper&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐x4gkc Cached time: 20240712182110 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.295 seconds Real time usage: 0.517 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1007/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7763/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 796/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8908/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3665644/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 343.881 1 -total 32.51% 111.795 1 Template:Reflist 27.60% 94.921 1 Template:Citation 26.91% 92.546 1 Template:Short_description 20.75% 71.347 1 Template:Clothing-stub 20.19% 69.424 1 Template:Asbox 15.10% 51.925 2 Template:Pagetype 9.44% 32.470 2 Template:R 7.28% 25.036 2 Template:R/ref 7.25% 24.938 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73205310-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712182110 and revision id 1217255370. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quarter-zipper&oldid=1217255370 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quarter-zipper&oldid=1217255370) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Tops (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use British English from May 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2023) Use dmy dates from May 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2023) Use list-defined references from May 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_list-defined_references_from_May_2023) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Australian fashion label This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/M.J._Bale) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:M.J._Bale) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=M.J._Bale&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=M.J.+Bale&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=M.J.+Bale) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=M.J._Bale) for suggestions. ( February 2022 ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "M.J. Bale" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22M.J.+Bale%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22M.J.+Bale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22M.J.+Bale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22M.J.+Bale%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22M.J.+Bale%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22M.J.+Bale%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) M.J. Bale Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Founder Matt Jensen Website mjbale (http://mjbale.com) .com (http://mjbale.com) A M.J. Bale store in Canberra M.J. Bale is a multi-channel Australian (/wiki/Australia) menswear (/wiki/Menswear) and fashion label (/wiki/Fashion_label) launched in 2009 by founder Matt Jensen. M.J. Bale's aesthetic specialises in tailored suiting (/wiki/Suit_(clothing)) , casual wear and menswear accessories with an urban design edge. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) List of companies named after people (/wiki/List_of_companies_named_after_people) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Suit up! MJ Bale readies pitch to potential buyers" (https://www.afr.com/street-talk/suit-up-mj-bale-readies-pitch-to-potential-buyers-20191127-p53ei5) . Australian Financial Review . November 27, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The best suit you'll ever own will also save the environment" (https://amp.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/the-best-suit-you-ll-ever-own-will-also-save-the-environment-20200517-p54tt4.html) . Sydney Morning Herald . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "MJ Bale hit with $500,000 bill - Ragtrader" (http://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/mj-bale-hit-with-500-000-bill) . www.ragtrader.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-4) https://www.9news.com.au/article/823e5e8f-d776-42c2-b83a-1f03ba4ba9f4 (https://www.9news.com.au/article/823e5e8f-d776-42c2-b83a-1f03ba4ba9f4) [ dead link ] External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to M.J. Bale (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:M.J._Bale) . 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Danish design studio Space Copenhagen High Stool by Space Copenhagen for Mater Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Founders Peter Bundgaard Rützou Signe Bindslev Henriksen Headquarters Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark Website spacecph (http://spacecph.dk) .dk (http://spacecph.dk) Space Copenhagen is a design studio based in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , founded in 2005 by Peter Bundgaard Rützou and Signe Bindslev Henriksen. The studio works across disciplines from interior design for private homes, hotels and restaurants globally to art installations and art direction, furniture, lighting and refined objects. Space Copenhagen has worked on projects including high-end restaurants such as Restaurant Noma (/wiki/Noma_(restaurant)) , [1] (#cite_note-1) awarded 1st by The World's 50 Best Restaurants (/wiki/The_World%27s_50_Best_Restaurants) , and Restaurant Geranium [2] (#cite_note-2) by Bocuse d'Or (/wiki/Bocuse_d%27Or) winner Rasmus Kofoed (/wiki/Rasmus_Kofoed) , as well as Le Pristine and Blueness in Antwerp, Esmée in Copenhagen and Mammertsberg in Switzerland. [3] (#cite_note-3) Hotel interiors projects include the 11 Howard hotel in New York, The Stratford in London and SAS Royal in Copenhagen. Space Copenhagen has also designed for furniture brands such as Fredericia Furniture, Mater, &tradition, Gubi and Stellar Works (/wiki/Stellar_Works) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Frearson, Amy (2012-11-01). "Noma Restaurant by Space Copenhagen" (http://www.dezeen.com/2012/11/01/noma-restaurant-by-space-copenhagen/) . Dezeen . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200711161252/https://www.dezeen.com/2012/11/01/noma-restaurant-by-space-copenhagen/) from the original on 2020-07-11 . Retrieved 2013-04-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Turner, Christopher (October 2011). "SPACE Copenhagen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131008220811/http://www.iconeye.com/read-previous-issues/icon-100-%7C-october-2011/space-copenhagen) . iconeye . Archived from the original (http://www.iconeye.com/read-previous-issues/icon-100-%7C-october-2011/space-copenhagen) on 2013-10-08 . Retrieved 2013-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Peter, John. "Chicago furniture" (http://keidiscounts.com) . Retrieved 29 December 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.spacecph.dk/) This Danish corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Copenhagen&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fdzbv Cached time: 20240713005130 Cache expiry: 1638511 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.287 seconds Real time usage: 0.403 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1490/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15725/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1472/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17857/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4598368/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 373.253 1 -total 33.64% 125.575 1 Template:Infobox_company 27.73% 103.487 1 Template:Reflist 27.48% 102.563 1 Template:Infobox 23.05% 86.024 2 Template:Cite_web 20.23% 75.494 1 Template:Denmark-company-stub 17.79% 66.403 1 Template:Short_description 16.45% 61.386 1 Template:Asbox 10.38% 38.746 2 Template:Pagetype 8.53% 31.833 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39249639-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713005130 and revision id 1191645412. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Copenhagen&oldid=1191645412 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Copenhagen&oldid=1191645412) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Design companies of Denmark (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_of_Denmark) Companies based in Copenhagen Municipality (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Copenhagen_Municipality) Design companies based in Copenhagen (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_based_in_Copenhagen) Design companies established in 2005 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2005) Danish companies established in 2005 (/wiki/Category:Danish_companies_established_in_2005) Danish company stubs (/wiki/Category:Danish_company_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 16th-century fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) . Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) in the 16th century (/wiki/16th_century) . 11th 12th (/wiki/Category:12th-century_fashion) 13th (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cggcg Cached time: 20240720180209 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.111 seconds Real time usage: 0.170 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 180/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4302/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 316/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4275/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.081/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1522996/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 158.713 1 -total 59.19% 93.950 1 Template:Navseasoncats 40.75% 64.668 1 Template:Commons_category 39.34% 62.445 1 Template:Sister_project 38.25% 60.715 1 Template:Side_box 17.20% 27.300 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38831056-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720180209 and revision id 997105137. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "16th-century fashion" The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1500–1550 in European fashion (/wiki/1500%E2%80%931550_in_European_fashion) 1550–1600 in European fashion (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_European_fashion) A Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) B Bacton Altar Cloth (/wiki/Bacton_Altar_Cloth) Beaver hat (/wiki/Beaver_hat) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Bone (corsetry) (/wiki/Bone_(corsetry)) Boyar hat (/wiki/Boyar_hat) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) C Cap hook (/wiki/Cap_hook) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Cavalier boot (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chastity belt (/wiki/Chastity_belt) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corset (/wiki/Corset) History of corsets (/wiki/History_of_corsets) D Doublet (clothing) (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Dress hook (/wiki/Dress_hook) Duckbill shoe (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) E Andrew Edgar (/wiki/Andrew_Edgar) F Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Walter Fyshe (/wiki/Walter_Fyshe) G Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Gamurra (/wiki/Gamurra) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Gown (/wiki/Gown) H Harefield Entertainment (/wiki/Harefield_Entertainment) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Hose (clothing) (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) J Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Jewels of James V of Scotland (/wiki/Jewels_of_James_V_of_Scotland) Jewels of Margaret Tudor (/wiki/Jewels_of_Margaret_Tudor) Jewels of Mary I of England (/wiki/Jewels_of_Mary_I_of_England) Jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots (/wiki/Jewels_of_Mary,_Queen_of_Scots) Søren Johnson (/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Johnson) K Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) M Monmouth cap (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) O Oes (/wiki/Oes) Over-the-knee boot (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) P Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) R Peter Rannald (/wiki/Peter_Rannald) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Ruff (clothing) (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Ruffle (sewing) (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) Ryecote Entertainment (/wiki/Ryecote_Entertainment) S Sabot (shoe) (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Safeguard (costume) (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Peter Sanderson (tailor) (/wiki/Peter_Sanderson_(tailor)) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Robert Spittell (/wiki/Robert_Spittell) Supportasse (/wiki/Supportasse) V Visard (/wiki/Visard) Vlieger (cape) (/wiki/Vlieger_(cape)) W Wardrobe of Mary, Queen of Scots (/wiki/Wardrobe_of_Mary,_Queen_of_Scots) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:16th-century_fashion&oldid=997105137 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:16th-century_fashion&oldid=997105137) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 16th century in the arts (/wiki/Category:16th_century_in_the_arts) Fashion by century (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_century) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 16th century (/wiki/Category:16th_century) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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English actress, model and singer-songwriter (born 1992) Suki Waterhouse Waterhouse in 2021 Born Alice Suki Waterhouse [4] (#cite_note-4) ( 1992-01-05 ) 5 January 1992 (age 32) Hammersmith (/wiki/Hammersmith) , London, England Occupations singer actress model Years active 2010–present Partner(s) Robert Pattinson (/wiki/Robert_Pattinson) (2018–present; engaged) Children 1 Relatives Imogen Waterhouse (/wiki/Imogen_Waterhouse) (sister) Modelling information Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) [1] (#cite_note-Hyland-1) Hair colour Blonde Eye colour Brown Agency d' Management Group (Milan) Chic Management (Sydney) [2] (#cite_note-2) [ non-primary source needed ] Creative Artists Agency (/wiki/Creative_Artists_Agency) (Los Angeles) [3] (#cite_note-3) Alice Suki Waterhouse (born 5 January 1992) [5] (#cite_note-5) is an English singer-songwriter, actress and model. [6] (#cite_note-nme-6) [7] (#cite_note-tatler-suki-7) [8] (#cite_note-vogue.com-8) The indie pop (/wiki/Indie_pop) artist released her debut studio album I Can't Let Go and debut extended play (EP) Milk Teeth in 2022. Waterhouse began a career in modelling at the age of 16, and she went on to model for several major fashion labels such as Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_(company)) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Laura Mercier (/wiki/Laura_Mercier_Cosmetics) and Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) . Her first feature film as an actress was a minor role in Pusher (2012), and she has since appeared in films such as Love, Rosie (2013), The Divergent Series: Insurgent (/wiki/The_Divergent_Series:_Insurgent) (2015) , The Bad Batch (2016) , Assassination Nation (/wiki/Assassination_Nation) (2018), and Detective Pikachu (2019). Waterhouse portrayed Karen Sirko in the musical drama miniseries Daisy Jones & the Six (/wiki/Daisy_Jones_%26_the_Six) (2023). Early life [ edit ] Waterhouse was born in Hammersmith, London (/wiki/Hammersmith,_London) , and was raised in Chiswick (/wiki/Chiswick) , London, the daughter of Elizabeth, a cancer care nurse, and Norman Waterhouse, a plastic surgeon (/wiki/Plastic_surgeon) . She has a brother named Charlie, [9] (#cite_note-Keeping_up_with_the_Waterhouses-9) and two younger sisters—Madeleine, who is a model, and Imogen (/wiki/Imogen_Waterhouse) , a model and actress. [9] (#cite_note-Keeping_up_with_the_Waterhouses-9) [1] (#cite_note-Hyland-1) Career [ edit ] Modelling [ edit ] Suki Waterhouse for day 10 of LOVE (/wiki/LOVE_(magazine)) Advent (/wiki/Advent) 2014 Waterhouse began her modelling career after being discovered in "either a Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) or H&M (/wiki/H%26M) " in London when she was 16. [10] (#cite_note-Heavy-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) When she was 19, she became a lingerie model for Marks and Spencer (/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer) . [10] (#cite_note-Heavy-10) [12] (#cite_note-12) She works for RS McColl and Redken (/wiki/Redken) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Waterhouse has also modelled for Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Swatch (/wiki/Swatch) , Lucy in Disguise, H&M, Alice + Olivia (/wiki/Alice_%2B_Olivia) , Sass & bide (/wiki/Sass_%26_bide) and Pepe Jeans (/wiki/Pepe_Jeans) . [15] (#cite_note-FMD1-15) [16] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Waterhouse has appeared on the covers of British, Korean, Thai, Taiwanese and Turkish Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , [18] (#cite_note-18) Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) , British and Korean Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Lucky (/wiki/Lucky_(magazine)) , L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) , American Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , [19] (#cite_note-19) French Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) and 1883 Magazine . [20] (#cite_note-20) Waterhouse has also shot editorials for American, Chinese, Russian and Japanese Vogue , [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Love Magazine (/wiki/LOVE_(magazine)) , American Elle , [23] (#cite_note-23) Velour , and Stylist Magazine among others. [16] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-16) [24] (#cite_note-24) Waterhouse has also walked the runway for brands including Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) and Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) and is a regular on the front row at fashion week. [25] (#cite_note-25) In April 2017, Waterhouse was chosen as the "Mercier Muse" for the makeup brand Laura Mercier (/wiki/Laura_Mercier) . [26] (#cite_note-26) In August 2023, Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) launched its new collection, featuring Waterhouse alongside other celebrities in its campaign. [27] (#cite_note-27) Photography [ edit ] Waterhouse has shown her photography work at the Eb and Flow gallery in London along with Reggie Yates (/wiki/Reggie_Yates) and Imogen Morris Clarke in an exhibition presented by Next Model Management called 'I'll Be Your Mirror'. [28] (#cite_note-28) In February 2014, she posed completely nude for Dominic Jones Jewellery's autumn/winter campaign at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [29] (#cite_note-29) Acting [ edit ] In 2014, Waterhouse played Bethany Williams in the romantic comedy Love, Rosie (/wiki/Love,_Rosie_(film)) . She also played Marlene (/wiki/List_of_Divergent_characters#Marlene) in the Divergent sequel The Divergent Series: Insurgent (/wiki/The_Divergent_Series:_Insurgent) (2015), based on the book of the same name (/wiki/Insurgent_(novel)) . [30] (#cite_note-30) Waterhouse played Arlen in Ana Lily Amirpour (/wiki/Ana_Lily_Amirpour) 's romance thriller film The Bad Batch (/wiki/The_Bad_Batch_(film)) (2016). [31] (#cite_note-31) In June 2016, it was announced that Waterhouse would play Cecily of York (/wiki/Cecily_of_York) in the Starz (/wiki/Starz_(TV_channel)) miniseries adaptation (/wiki/The_White_Princess_(miniseries)) of the novel The White Princess (/wiki/The_White_Princess) by Philippa Gregory (/wiki/Philippa_Gregory) . [32] (#cite_note-32) In September 2016, it was announced that Waterhouse would star opposite Ansel Elgort (/wiki/Ansel_Elgort) in the film Jonathan (/wiki/Jonathan_(2018_film)) . [33] (#cite_note-33) She has also played "The Girl" in the 2017 drama film The Girl Who Invented Kissing (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Invented_Kissing) , written and directed by Tom Sierchio, [ citation needed ] and Quintana in Billionaire Boys Club (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(2016_film)) (2018). [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2023, Waterhouse portrayed keyboardist Karen Sirko in the Amazon Prime (/wiki/Amazon_Prime) series Daisy Jones & the Six (/wiki/Daisy_Jones_%26_the_Six) . While the character in the novel by the same name is American, showrunner Scott Neustadter (/wiki/Scott_Neustadter) made the character British to "hammer home Karen's commitment to music and living a life dedicated to being in a great rock band." [35] (#cite_note-35) Pop & Suki [ edit ] Main article: Pop & Suki (/wiki/Pop_%26_Suki) In September 2016, Waterhouse announced the launch of Pop & Suki, an accessories brand that she co-founded with her best friend Poppy Jamie (/wiki/Poppy_Jamie) and CEO Leo Seigal. Pop & Suki has since been featured in Vogue , [8] (#cite_note-vogue.com-8) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , [36] (#cite_note-36) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) [37] (#cite_note-37) and Elle . [38] (#cite_note-38) Celebrities that have worn the brand include Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) , Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) , Emily Ratajkowski (/wiki/Emily_Ratajkowski) , Lena Dunham (/wiki/Lena_Dunham) and Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) . [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-hollywoodreporter.com-40) The brand's Camera Bag was referred to by Who What Wear as "The Bag Every It Girl (/wiki/It_Girl) Owns". [41] (#cite_note-41) The brand designed suitcases for Away (/wiki/Away_(luggage)) . [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) Music [ edit ] Waterhouse released her first single, "Brutally", in November 2016. This was then followed by the single "Good Looking" in 2017, which later became a viral hit in 2022. [45] (#cite_note-45) Personal life [ edit ] Waterhouse dated musician Miles Kane (/wiki/Miles_Kane) from 2011 until 2013, actor Bradley Cooper (/wiki/Bradley_Cooper) from 2013 until 2015, and actor Diego Luna (/wiki/Diego_Luna) from 2016 until 2017. [46] (#cite_note-46) She has been in a relationship with English actor Robert Pattinson (/wiki/Robert_Pattinson) since mid-2018. [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) In March 2024, their first child, a daughter, was born. [49] (#cite_note-49) The couple are reportedly engaged and reside in Los Angeles. [50] (#cite_note-50) Filmography [ edit ] Film Year Title Role Notes 2012 Rachael Rachael Short film Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_(2012_film)) Mandy 2014 Love, Rosie (/wiki/Love,_Rosie_(film)) Bethany Williams 2015 The Divergent Series: Insurgent (/wiki/The_Divergent_Series:_Insurgent) Marlene (/wiki/List_of_Divergent_characters#Marlene) 2016 Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies_(film)) Catherine "Kitty" Bennet Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous:_The_Movie) Herself The Bad Batch (/wiki/The_Bad_Batch_(film)) Arlen Sound of Sun Woman Short film 2017 The Girl Who Invented Kissing (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Invented_Kissing) The Girl 2018 Assassination Nation (/wiki/Assassination_Nation) Sarah Lacey Jonathan (/wiki/Jonathan_(2018_film)) Elena Future World (/wiki/Future_World_(film)) Ash Billionaire Boys Club (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(2018_film)) Quintana ‘Q’ Bisset Charlie Says (/wiki/Charlie_Says_(2018_film)) Mary Brunner (/wiki/Mary_Brunner) 2019 Carte Blanche Lulu Short film Detective Pikachu (/wiki/Detective_Pikachu_(film)) Ms. Norman / Ditto Bittersweet Symphony (/wiki/Bittersweet_Symphony_(film)) Iris Evans Killers Anonymous (/wiki/Killers_Anonymous) Violet A Rainy Day in New York (/wiki/A_Rainy_Day_in_New_York) Tiffany Burn (/wiki/Burn_(2019_film)) Sheila 2020 Misbehaviour (/wiki/Misbehaviour_(film)) Sandra Wolsfeld The Broken Hearts Gallery (/wiki/The_Broken_Hearts_Gallery) Chloe 2021 Seance (/wiki/Seance_(2021_film)) Camille Creation Stories (/wiki/Creation_Stories_(film)) Gemma 2022 Dalíland (/wiki/Dal%C3%ADland) Ginesta Television Year Title Role Notes 2010 Material Girl (/wiki/Material_Girl_(TV_series)) Lourdes 1 episode 2017 The White Princess (/wiki/The_White_Princess_(miniseries)) Cecily of York (/wiki/Cecily_of_York) Miniseries 2018 Into the Dark (/wiki/Into_the_Dark_(TV_series)) Alexis Episode: " New Year, New You (/wiki/New_Year,_New_You) " 2023 Daisy Jones & the Six (/wiki/Daisy_Jones_%26_the_Six) Karen Sirko Miniseries Music videos Year Song Artist Director 2014 " Imagine (/wiki/Imagine_(John_Lennon_song)) " ( UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) : World version) Various Michael Jurkovac 2019 " Nightmare (/wiki/Nightmare_(Halsey_song)) " Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) Hannah Lux Davis (/wiki/Hannah_Lux_Davis) "Permanent High School" The Voidz (/wiki/The_Voidz) Hala Matar Discography [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Title Details I Can't Let Go Released: 6 May 2022 Label: Sub Pop (/wiki/Sub_Pop) Formats: CD (/wiki/Compact_disc) , LP (/wiki/LP_record) , cassette (/wiki/Cassette_tape) , streaming (/wiki/Streaming_media) Memoir of a Sparklemuffin Released: 13 September 2024 [51] (#cite_note-51) Label: Sub Pop (/wiki/Sub_Pop) Formats: CD (/wiki/Compact_disc) , LP (/wiki/LP_record) , cassette (/wiki/Cassette_tape) , streaming (/wiki/Streaming_media) Extended plays [ edit ] Title Details Milk Teeth Released: 4 November 2022 Label: Sub Pop Formats: CD, LP, streaming Singles [ edit ] Title Year Peak chart positions Certifications (/wiki/List_of_music_recording_certifications) Album/EP UK (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) [52] (#cite_note-52) "Brutally" 2016 — Milk Teeth "Good Looking" 2022 92 BPI (/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry) : Silver [53] (#cite_note-BPI-53) RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) : Platinum [54] (#cite_note-RIAA-54) "Valentine" 2018 — "Coolest Place in the World" 2019 — "Johanna" — "My Mind" 2021 — I Can't Let Go "Moves" — "Melrose Meltdown" 2022 — "Devil I Know" — "Wild Side" — "Nostalgia" — Non-album single "Neon Signs" [55] (#cite_note-55) — Milk Teeth "To Love" 2023 — Non-album singles "OMG" 2024 — "My Fun" [56] (#cite_note-My_Fun_and_Faded-56) — "Faded" [56] (#cite_note-My_Fun_and_Faded-56) — "Supersad" — Memoir of a Sparklemuffin References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hyland, Véronique (17 November 2014). 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External links [ edit ] Suki Waterhouse (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4025229/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Suki Waterhouse (https://www.discogs.com/artist/6849776) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000453113762) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/311720520) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCBgYCx7HJVDTx9Gw3cP) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1642068490536) Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6046879) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17808301m) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17808301m) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062442504) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2016049442) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p424493896) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9813146289905606) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/8389ff77-a7a4-4ba4-bf1b-17ded47d41a1) People Deutsche Synchronkartei (https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/W42mnFufb) Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1062442504.html?language=en) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/242260330) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐6mcrk Cached time: 20240721235353 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.902 seconds Real time usage: 1.074 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5572/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 141300/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 21/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 222542/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.550/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11599830/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 972.456 1 -total 41.53% 403.822 1 Template:Reflist 31.33% 304.656 53 Template:Cite_web 29.92% 290.927 1 Template:Infobox_Model 8.15% 79.248 1 Template:Authority_control 7.55% 73.375 1 Template:Short_description 5.80% 56.383 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 4.40% 42.786 2 Template:Pagetype 4.22% 40.997 1 Template:Infobox 4.14% 40.287 1 Template:Plainlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40822286-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721235353 and revision id 1235930950. 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Indian jewellery chain Kalyan Jewellers Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) BSE (/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange) : 543278 (https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/x/y/543278/) NSE (/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India) : KALYANKJIL (https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=KALYANKJIL) Industry Jewellers Founded 1993 ; 31 years ago ( 1993 ) Founder T. S. Kalyanaraman (/wiki/T._S._Kalyanaraman) Headquarters Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India Area served India (/wiki/India) Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) Key people T. S. Kalyanaraman (Chairman & MD) Sanjay Raghuraman ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Products Jewellery Owner Kalyan Jewellers [3] (#cite_note-3) Number of employees 8,000 Website www (https://www.kalyanjewellers.net) .kalyanjewellers (https://www.kalyanjewellers.net) .net (https://www.kalyanjewellers.net) Kalyan Jewellers is an Indian chain of jewellery showrooms. [4] (#cite_note-R1-4) It was founded by T. S. Kalyanaraman (/wiki/T._S._Kalyanaraman) in 1993. The company opened its initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) on March 16, 2021, and was publicly listed on March 26, 2021. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Kalyan Jewellers showroom in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) City (/wiki/City) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Kalyan Jewellers was founded by T. S. Kalyanaraman (/wiki/T._S._Kalyanaraman) , who opened the first jewellery showroom in 1993 in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India with an initial capital of ₹ 75 lakh (US$90,000). [6] (#cite_note-6) The company also has roots in the textile trading, distribution and wholesale business. [7] (#cite_note-7) Initially, Kalyan Jewellers strengthened their presence in the South Indian states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. In 2012, they expanded outside South India by opening a showroom in Ahmedabad, Gujarat and signed Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) as their first National Brand Ambassador. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2013, Kalyan Jewellers entered International markets by opening six showrooms on the same day in UAE. [9] (#cite_note-9) Since then it has grown to operate 30 showrooms in the Middle East across UAE, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman. As of February, 2020 Kalyan Jewellers has a wide presence of over 137 showrooms, of which 107 are in India and the remaining 30 on the Middle East. [10] (#cite_note-10) The company has also set up ‘My Kalyan’, a customer service center, offering advance booking for wedding purchases, Kalyan Gold Purchase Advance Scheme, Gold Insurance for gold ornaments, etc. Currently, there are over 761 ‘My Kalyan’ outlets in India. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Brand ambassadors [ edit ] In 2012, Kalyan Jewellers signed Amitabh Bachchan as its first National brand ambassador. Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan (/wiki/Jaya_Bachchan) are the Global brand ambassadors, while their daughter Shweta Bachchan Nanda (/wiki/Shweta_Bachchan_Nanda) is the celebrity influencer. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Later, Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) was also hired to endorse the brand globally in April 2018. [15] (#cite_note-15) Kalyan Jewellers has also partnered with several leading celebrities to be regional brand ambassadors, including Manju Warrier (/wiki/Manju_Warrier) and Kalyani Priyadarshan (/wiki/Kalyani_Priyadarshan) in Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , Nagarjuna Akkineni (/wiki/Nagarjuna_Akkineni) in Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) and Telangana (/wiki/Telangana) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Shiva Rajkumar (/wiki/Shiva_Rajkumar) in Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) , Prabhu Ganesan (/wiki/Prabhu_(actor)) in Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2023, actress Rashmika Mandanna was announced as the brand ambassador of Kalyan jewellers to endorse it in South India. [18] (#cite_note-18) In the past, Kalyan Jewellers has been represented by Bollywood celebrities like Sushmita Sen (/wiki/Sushmita_Sen) , [19] (#cite_note-19) Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) , [20] (#cite_note-20) and Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) . [21] (#cite_note-21) While Shah Rukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) represented them in the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai_Bachchan) was paid ₹ 10 crore (US$1.2 million) per year for a two-year deal with Kalyan Jewellers to be a nationwide brand ambassador, which was formerly Sushmita Sen (/wiki/Sushmita_Sen) . The advertising and marketing budget of Kalyan is around ₹ 90 crore (US$11 million) [24] (#cite_note-24) Later they also signed several regional brand ambassadors like Pooja Sawant (/wiki/Pooja_Sawant) in Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , Kinjal Rajpriya (/wiki/Kinjal_Rajpriya) in Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) , Wamiqa Gabbi (/wiki/Wamiqa_Gabbi) in Punjab (/wiki/Punjab) , and Ritabhari Chakraborty (/wiki/Ritabhari_Chakraborty) in West Bengal (/wiki/West_Bengal) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Criticism [ edit ] In 2015, Kalyan Jewellers withdrew a controversial advertisement featuring Aishwarya Rai Bachchan after an open letter described it as 'insidiously racist' and huge flak. [26] (#cite_note-26) The company said, "the creative was intended to present royalty, timeless beauty, and elegance". [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2018, Kalyan Jewellers was embroiled in a controversial commercial starring Amitabh Bachchan and his daughter Shweta Nanda. [28] (#cite_note-28) The Jewellers have withdrawn the advertisement after being criticized by the All India Bank Officers’ Confederation (/wiki/All_India_Bank_Officers%27_Confederation) for allegedly depicting banks negatively. The bankers were threatened court cases, boycott calls and even a dharna against Kalyan Jewellers. [29] (#cite_note-29) Activities [ edit ] In March 2020, Kalyan Jewellers released ₹ 10 crore (US$1.2 million) fund for COVID-19 (/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019) relief work. [30] (#cite_note-toi-30) Initial public offering [ edit ] On March 11, 2021, Livemint reported that Kalyan Jewellers would be opening an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) worth ₹1,175 crores on 16 March. The company is backed by Warburg Pincus (/wiki/Warburg_Pincus) and will offer fresh equity shares worth ₹800 in this debut public issue. It had attempted an IPO earlier but had called it off due to unfavorable market conditions. [31] (#cite_note-31) It was listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange) on March 26, 2021. Its shares are listed at a 15% discount compared to the offer price. [32] (#cite_note-32) Product lines [ edit ] Over the years, Kalyan Jewellers has launched various product lines. Some of their jewellery collections are: [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) Muhurat – Wedding jewellery Mudhra – Handcrafted antique jewellery Nimah – Timeless heritage jewellery Anokhi – Uncut diamond jewellery Rang – Precious stones jewellery Tejasvi – Polki diamonds jewellery Ziah – Diamond jewellery collection Laya – Contemporary gold & diamond jewellery Glo – Dancing diamond jewellery Vedha – Heritage jewellery with Uncut diamonds Apoorva – Diamonds Hera – Daily wear diamonds References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ghosal, Sutanuka. "Kalyan Jewellers appoints Sanjay Raghuraman as CEO" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/kalyan-jewellers-appoints-sanjay-raghuraman-as-ceo/articleshow/76747425.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Narasimhan, T. E. (2 July 2020). "Kalyan Jewellers appoints Sanjay Raghuraman as CEO, names new directors" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/kalyan-jewellers-appoints-sanjay-raghuraman-as-ceo-names-new-directors-120070200511_1.html#:~:text=Warburg%20Pincus%2Dbacked%20Kalyan%20Jewellers,was%20named%20as%20Independent%20Director.) . Business Standard India . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stock exchange, Bombay. "Kalyan Jewellers IPO BSE" (https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/kalyan-jewellers-india-ltd/kalyankjil/543278/from=mdr) – via BSE Official. ^ (#cite_ref-R1_4-0) "The success story of Kalyan Jewellers" (http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-success-story-of-kalyan-jewellers/20120315.htm) . Rediff. 15 March 2012 . Retrieved 9 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mudgill, Amit. "Kalyan Jewellers shares list at 15% discount to issue price" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/kalyan-jewellers-shares-list-at-15-discount-to-issue-price/articleshow/81700120.cms) . The Economic Times . Retrieved 26 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "How Kalyan Jewellers Rose To International Prominence" (https://www.forbesindia.com/article/indias-family-businesses/how-kalyan-jewellers-rose-to-international-prominence/46401/1) . Forbes India . Retrieved 15 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kumar, Chitra Narayanan & V. Sajeev (16 July 2023). "How a textile family struck gold with jewellery retail" (https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/corporate-file/how-a-textile-family-struck-gold-with-jewellery-retail/article67086571.ece) . BusinessLine . Retrieved 26 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bureau, Our. "Bachchan signs up as Kalyan Jewellers brand ambassador" (https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bachchan-signs-up-as-kalyan-jewellers-brand-ambassador/article20470513.ece1) . @businessline . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Kalyan Jewellers opens six showrooms in UAE" (https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/kalyan-jewellers-opens-six-showrooms-in-uae-114020502525_1.html) . www.indiainfoline.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "INDIA TODAY CONCLAVE-Kalyan Jewellers | IndiaToday" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-conclave/2019/sponsor-details?sponsor=841414) . www.indiatoday.in . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Kalyan Jewellers plans pan-India growth to double revenues in five years" (https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/kalyan-jewellers-plans-panindia-growth-to-double-revenues-in-five-years/story/302533.html) . www.businesstoday.in . 19 December 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Kalyan Jewellers launches 16 My Kalyan stores in Mumbai" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/kalyan-jewellers-launches-16-my-kalyan-stores-in-mumbai/articleshow/28839415.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . 15 January 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Amitabh, Jaya Bachchan to feature in new jewellery ad" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/amitabh-jaya-bachchan-to-feature-in-new-jewellery-ad/articleshow/49634940.cms) . The Economic Times . 2 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Tewari, Saumya (18 July 2018). "Amitabh Bachchan, daughter Shweta feature in Kalyan Jewellers' silver jubilee ad" (https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/9hh88EU9OYKt9T7NUZRemK/Amitabh-Bachchan-daughter-Shweta-feature-in-Kalyan-Jeweller.html) . Livemint . ^ (#cite_ref-15) www.ETBrandEquity.com. "Katrina Kaif roped in by Kalyan Jewellers as the brand's global ambassador - ET BrandEquity" (https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/katrina-kaif-roped-in-by-kalyan-jewellers-as-the-jewellery-brands-global-ambassador/63891604) . ETBrandEquity.com . Retrieved 15 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Manju Warrier to Akkineni Nagarjuna: Kalyan jewellers sparkles with myriad regional stars" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2019/nov/03/manju-warrier-to-akkineni-nagarjuna-kalyan-jewellers-sparkles-with-myriad-regional-stars-2056301.html) . The New Indian Express . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Kalyan Brand Ambassador Illayathilakam Prabhu Ganesan delight crowd | RITZ" (http://www.ritzmagazine.in/kalyan-brand-ambassador-illayathilakam-prabhu-ganesan-delight-crowd/) . RITZ Magazine . 24 December 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-18) IN, FashionNetwork com. "Kalyan Jewellers names Rashmika Mandanna as brand ambassador" (https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kalyan-jewellers-names-rashmika-mandanna-as-brand-ambassador,1499503.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 13 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Sushmita Sen for Kalyan Jewellers" (http://www.southasianbridemagazine.com/sushmita-sen-kalyan-jewellers/) . South Asian Bride Magazine . 27 September 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kalyan Jewellers enters Delhi market, brand ambassador Aishwarya Rai Bachchan inaugurates showrooms" (https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/kalyan-jewellers-enters-delhi-market-brand-ambassador-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-inaugurates-showrooms/1235036/) . The Financial Express . 22 March 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Kalyan Jewellers ropes in Sonam Kapoor as new brand ambassador" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/kalyan-jewellers-ropes-in-sonam-kapoor-as-new-brand-ambassador/articleshow/51396094.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . 14 March 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Staff Reporter. "Kalyan Jewellers patrons meet Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/dubai/kalyan-jewellers-patrons-meet-bollywood-superstar-shah-rukh-khan) . Khaleej Times . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "SRK inaugurates 3 Kalyan Jewellers showrooms in 3 countries in 1 eventful day" (http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/article/SRK-inaugurates-3-Kalyan-Jewellers-showrooms-in-3-countries-in-1-eventful-day/30-04-2018-147793/) . Everything Experiential . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Kalyan Jewellers charts expansion, with Rs 90 cr marketing budget with" (http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/310403,kalyan-jewellers-charts-expansion-with-rs-90-cr-marketing-budget.aspx) . Campaign India . Retrieved 18 August 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Laghate, Gaurav (3 June 2019). "Kalyan Jewellers picks regional stars as brand ambassadors" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/kalyan-jewellers-picks-regional-stars-as-brand-ambassadors/articleshow/69628328.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Kalyan Jewellers withdraw 'racist' ad featuring Aishwarya Rai Bachchan" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/aishwarya-rai-bachchan-clarification-on-racist-kalyan-jewellers-ad-row-249812-2015-04-22) . India Today . 22 April 2015 . Retrieved 13 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Dasgupta, Pritha Mitra; Ghosal, Sutanuka. "Kalyan Jewellers to discontinue 'racist' Aishwarya Rai ad amidst controversy" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/kalyan-jewellers-to-discontinue-racist-aishwarya-rai-ad-amidst-controversy/articleshow/47025586.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . Retrieved 13 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Narasimhan, T. E. (25 July 2018). " (https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/caught-on-the-wrong-pitch-kalyan-jewellers-withdraws-new-trust-ad-118072401319_1.html) 'Trust ad' starring Amitabh scrapped: What went wrong for Kalyan Jewellers" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/caught-on-the-wrong-pitch-kalyan-jewellers-withdraws-new-trust-ad-118072401319_1.html) . Business Standard India . Retrieved 13 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Kalyan Jewellers withdraws controversial advertisment [ (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kalyan-jewellers-withdraws-controversial-ad-starring-amitabh-bachchan-5270949/) sic ] starring Amitabh Bachchan after bank employees protest" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kalyan-jewellers-withdraws-controversial-ad-starring-amitabh-bachchan-5270949/) . The Indian Express . 23 July 2018 . Retrieved 13 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-toi_30-0) Ghosal, Sutanuka (28 March 2020). "Kalyan Jewellers earmark Rs 10 cr for Covid-19 relief work" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/kalyan-jewellers-earmark-rs-10-cr-for-covid-19-relief-work/articleshow/74863403.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Sonavane, Ravindra N. (11 March 2021). "Kalyan Jewellers IPO to open on 16 March; issue price fixed at ₹86-87 apiece" (https://www.livemint.com/market/ipo/kalyan-jewellers-ipo-to-open-on-16-march-issue-price-fixed-at-rs-86-87-apiece-11615432892556.html) . mint . Retrieved 11 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Mudgill, Amit. "Kalyan Jewellers shares list at 15% discount to issue price" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/kalyan-jewellers-shares-list-at-15-discount-to-issue-price/articleshow/81700120.cms) . The Economic Times . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Kalyan Jewellers' Muhurat matches the sensibilities of brides from different regions in India" (https://www.indulgexpress.com/fashion/new-launches/2019/dec/05/kalyan-jewellers-muhurat-matches-the-sensibilities-of-brides-from-different-regions-of-india-20366.html) . www.indulgexpress.com . 5 December 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Kalyan launches Ziah range of signature diamond jewellery" (https://www.gulf-times.com/story/551870/Kalyan-launches-Ziah-range-of-signature-diamond-je) . Gulf-Times (in Arabic). 1 June 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Kalyan Jewellers opens two new showrooms in UAE – Industry Herald24" (https://www.industryherald24.com/kalyan-jewellers-opens-two-new-showrooms-in-uae/) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-36) Cariappa, Anuj (18 October 2019). 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Dress worn by Wallis Warfield at her wedding to Prince Edward in 1937 The Windsors on their wedding day On the event of her wedding to Edward, Duke of Windsor (/wiki/Edward_VIII) on 3 June 1937 at the Château de Candé (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Cand%C3%A9) , Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) (then known as Wallis Warfield [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) ) wore a nipped-at-the-waist dress created by Mainbocher (/wiki/Mainbocher) in what was termed her signature colour of "Wallis blue" reportedly to match her eyes. Her co-ordinating blue straw hat, by Caroline Reboux (/wiki/Caroline_Reboux) , had a halo effect with pale blue tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) and her matching gloves were created from the same blue silk crepe as her dress. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1950, Wallis presented the dress to the Metropolitan Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum) . [5] (#cite_note-5) More than 25 years after the wedding, it was still regarded as "one of the most photographed, most copied dresses of modern times". [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Lobster dress (/wiki/Lobster_dress) , part of Wallis's wedding trousseau List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Duke Awaiting His Wedding Day" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=koNaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ME0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2457,4252801&dq=wallis+simpson+deed+poll&hl=en) . Waycross Journal-Herald. 11 May 1937. p. 1 . Retrieved 31 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Jun 1937 - Marriage of H.R.H. the Duke of Windsor to Mrs. Wallis Warfield" (http://www.keesings.com/search?kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_a_id=2604n05uki) . Keesing's . Retrieved 31 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Duke of Windsor's wedding" (https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/04/archive-duke-windsor-wedding) . The Guardian . 4 June 2009 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Trevelyan, Laura (31 March 2011). "Wallis and Edward: An understated wedding for a controversial couple" (https://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_royals/20110331/wl_yblog_royals/wallis-and-edward-an-understated-wedding-for-a-controversial-couple) . BBC America . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Associated Press (12 December 1950). "Duchess Presents 'Wallis Blue' Bridal Dress To Museum" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CepOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NQAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3519,6163151&dq=wallis+simpson+wedding+dress+metropolitan&hl=en) . Toledo Blade . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Miller, Joy (1 June 1962). "One Wedding Gown Began A New Trend in Design" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qDwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-aoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=460,5585015&dq=wallis+simpson+wedding+dress+metropolitan&hl=en) . The Owosso Argus-Press . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Miller, Joy (1 June 1962). "Famous Gown Is 25 Years Old" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vQ8rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2psFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3787,127501&dq=wallis+simpson+wedding+dress+metropolitan&hl=en) . Reading Eagle . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Miller, Joy (2 June 1962). "Most Copied Dress Still Talk Piece" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LGNGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B9EMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4492,3704867&dq=wallis+simpson+wedding+dress+metropolitan&hl=en) . The Portsmouth Times . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . External links [ edit ] The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Special Exhibitions; Duchess of Windsor Wedding Dress v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) (2020) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐8h2wf Cached time: 20240712173105 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.244 seconds Real time usage: 0.319 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 683/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31625/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1027/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38529/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.163/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4455233/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 292.197 1 -total 42.73% 124.852 1 Template:Reflist 33.35% 97.435 6 Template:Cite_news 26.98% 78.843 1 Template:British_Royal_wedding_dresses 25.85% 75.533 1 Template:Navbox 23.72% 69.317 1 Template:Short_description 12.57% 36.733 2 Template:Pagetype 7.02% 20.520 4 Template:Main_other 6.26% 18.291 1 Template:SDcat 5.23% 15.278 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31649169-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173105 and revision id 1227445789. 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For the perfume term, see Note (perfumery) (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) . Basenotes Type of site Online (/wiki/Online) perfume (/wiki/Fragrance) database (/wiki/Database) Available in English (/wiki/English_language) Created by Grant Osborne URL basenotes (http://basenotes.net) .net (http://basenotes.net) Commercial Yes Registration Optional Users (/wiki/Registered_user) 194,640 (May 2018 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basenotes&action=edit) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) Launched August 2000 Current status Online Basenotes is a United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) -based online fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) resource which includes a fragrance database, message boards and editorial. The site was launched in August 2000 by Grant Osborne as an information site for men's fragrance and grooming. In 2004, the site expanded to include feminine fragrances. [2] (#cite_note-2) Basenotes Fragrance Directory [ edit ] The Basenotes Fragrance Directory contains over 20,000 fragrances and over 90,000 fragrance reviews by the site's visitors. Users of the site can search for fragrances by name, house, year of launch, gender, notes (ingredients), perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) or bottle designer. Visitors to the site can submit information to be included in the directory. [3] (#cite_note-3) The consumer reviews on the site have been described as "admirably prosaic" [4] (#cite_note-4) by Alexis Petridis (/wiki/Alexis_Petridis) in The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Basenotes Fragrance Awards [ edit ] Each year, Basenotes asks visitors to the site to vote for their favorite fragrances that year. [5] (#cite_note-5) Regular winners include Old Spice (/wiki/Old_Spice) , Shalimar (/wiki/Shalimar_(perfume)) , Vetiver (/wiki/Vetiver) de Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) , Chanel No.5 (/wiki/Chanel_No.5) , YSL M7 (/wiki/M7_fragrance) , Green Irish Tweed (https://besuitedaroma.com/creed-green-irish-tweed-full-review/) and A*Men. There are also categories for the best new fragrance and best celebrity fragrance. Awards and recognition [ edit ] Basenotes has won five awards for its editorial content, written by Marian Bendeth, at The Canadian Fragrance Awards (/w/index.php?title=The_Canadian_Fragrance_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1) in 2007, [ citation needed ] 2008 [6] (#cite_note-6) and 2009. In 2009, the website won a prize for Best Web Editorial at the Jasmine Awards (/w/index.php?title=Jasmine_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1) for an article by the writer, Liz Upton. The following year, the same prize was won by the Basenotes writer, Walker Minton. In 2018, Claire Vukcevic won the Best Practical Guide Award for her guide to summer fragrances on Basenotes. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Controversy [ edit ] The neutrality (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) of this section is disputed (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Basenotes##) . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met (/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove) . ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Much suspicion surrounds the censorship process on the site, whereby opinions which differ from the orthodoxy as presented by the site moderators are removed. Frequently, this results in the banning of members who express non-compliant views. It has been suggested that there are commercial motives behind this censorship. [9] (#cite_note-9) Fragrance house O'Driu, who apparently suffered as a result of this perceived bias, famously responded by releasing a fragrance called "Kiss My Ass Basenotes", which won an award at the Cafleurebon 2015 fragrance awards. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Basenotes Forums" (http://www.basenotes.net/forum.php) . Basenotes.net . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Basenotes: an interview with Grant Osborne :: Now Smell This (http://nowsmellthis.blogharbor.com/blog/_archives/2005/10/17/1303340.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080907211839/http://nowsmellthis.blogharbor.com/blog/_archives/2005/10/17/1303340.html) 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Women's Wear Daily 1 September 2007 "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121020093043/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-179313929.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-179313929.html) on 20 October 2012 . Retrieved 21 June 2008 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Petridis, Alexis (25 November 2006). "Alexis Petridis: I smell a rat in men's fragrance" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2006/nov/25/fashion1) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Frederick, Kelly (10 November 2008). "Basenotes.net Award Winners" (https://www.perfumerflavorist.com/networking/news/company/19099669.html) . Perfumer & Flavorist . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) German Duftstars, Canadian Fragrance Awards ~ the 2008 winners :: Now Smell This (http://nowsmellthis.blogharbor.com/blog/_archives/2008/4/26/3661406.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080720183111/http://nowsmellthis.blogharbor.com/blog/_archives/2008/4/26/3661406.html) 20 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Fragrance Foundation Jasmine Awards 2018 Winners | The Jasmine Awards" (http://thejasmineawards.co.uk/the-fragrance-foundation-jasmine-awards-2018-winners) . thejasmineawards.co.uk . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Summer Fragrances for People Who Hate Summer & Also Summer Fragrances ~ by Claire Vukcevic – Basenotes.net" (http://www.basenotes.net/features/3482-summer-fragrances-for-people-who-hate-summer-and-also-summer-fragrances) . www.basenotes.net . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "No To Basenotes Censorship" (http://basenotessucks.blogspot.co.uk) . basenotessucks.blogspot.co.uk . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "best fragrances of 2015" (http://www.cafleurebon.com/cafleurebon-best-and-worst-perfumes-of-2015-best-fragrance-best-perfumer-and-hall-of-fame-draw) . Cafleurebon - Perfume and Beauty Blog . 27 December 2015 . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. Hasegawa (/wiki/T._Hasegawa) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) Category (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Perfume) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐2ftz2 Cached time: 20240716043741 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.497 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1897/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44322/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2192/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.261/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5035056/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 458.009 1 -total 28.77% 131.747 1 Template:Reflist 23.81% 109.065 1 Template:Perfume 23.06% 105.597 1 Template:Navbox 21.25% 97.321 1 Template:Infobox_website 21.09% 96.587 6 Template:Cite_web 19.48% 89.213 1 Template:Infobox 8.08% 37.004 17 Template:If_empty 7.94% 36.371 1 Template:Cn 7.01% 32.102 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18050244-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716043741 and revision id 1177446158. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐554fdbb9db‐b9rnt Cached time: 20240712010710 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70631237-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712010710 and revision id 1084691228. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. O Outfits worn at the Academy Awards ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) (24 P) Y Years in red carpet fashion (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) (6 P) Pages in category "Red carpet fashion" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * Template:Red carpet fashion (/wiki/Template:Red_carpet_fashion) B Black Versace dress of Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Elizabeth_Hurley) G GlamBOT (/wiki/GlamBOT) Green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) M Meat dress of Lady Gaga (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) R Red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) U Union Jack dress (/wiki/Union_Jack_dress) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Red_carpet_fashion&oldid=1084691228 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Red_carpet_fashion&oldid=1084691228) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion-related occasions (/wiki/Category:Fashion-related_occasions)
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A type of court attire worn by the emperors of China Tongtianguanfu Emperor Xuanzu (宣祖) of Song wearing tongtianguanfu. Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 通天冠服 Literal meaning 'Direct links with Heaven' uniform Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Tōngtiān guānfú Tongtianguanfu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 通天冠服 ) is a form of court attire in hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) which was worn by the emperor during the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) on very important occasions, such as grand court sessions and during major title-granting ceremonies. The attire traces its origin from the Han dynasty. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 91 It was also worn in the Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) emperors when the apparel system of the Song dynasty was imitated and formed their own carriages and apparel system, [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) and in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The tongtianguanfu was composed of a red outer robe, a white inner robe, a bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) , and a guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) called tongtianguan, and a neck accessory called fangxin quling. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Terminology [ edit ] The term tongtian means "direct links with heaven". [5] (#cite_note-5) Composition and construction [ edit ] The tongtianguanfu is composed of: The gauze outer robe ( paofu (/wiki/Paofu) ), called jiangshapao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 绛纱袍 ). [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) It was crimson in colour with patterns of clouds and dragons embroidery which was gold and red in colours. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) There were black borders stitched to the collar, sleeves, lapels and hems of the crimson outer robe. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The crimson outer robe was worn with a red gauze skirt and a crimson bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 蔽膝 , knee cover) was fastened around the waist of its wearer. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The inner garment was a white robe ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 白纱中单 ). [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The high crown (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) was called tongtianguan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 通天冠 ; lit. 'a hat accessing the sky' [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) ), which was also known as chengtianguan ( lit. 'a hat bearing the sky'). [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The tongtianguan was exclusively worn by the Emperor during some grand ceremonies. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The high crown was originally nine cun (/wiki/Cun_(unit)) tall and tilting towards the back to form a "rolling shape" made by metal beams, with a "mountain"-shape and zhantong (展筒) on the front, [7] (#cite_note-7) and pinned on the hair with hairpins made of jade or rhinoceros horn. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) By the Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) , the tongtianguan added a golden mountain-shaped plaque ornament ("dāng", 珰) on the front, [8] (#cite_note-8) and by the Tang dynasty, tongtianguan of the Emperor had 24 beams. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 91 Eastern Jin dynasty (/wiki/Eastern_Jin_dynasty) cicada dāng plaque ornament used on official headwear. A pendant-like ornament called fangxin quling ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 方心曲领 ; lit. 'bent collar with a square center') was hung around the neck. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The fangxin quling was a notable feature in the ceremonial court attire of the Song and Ming dynasties. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) It was made out of silk and was cut into a circle (which hung around the neck and shoulder areas) and a square (either solid or open square) which would fall over the cross-collared lapels of the paofu. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) The shape of the circle and square symbolized the Heaven and earth respectively. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) A belt with ribbons was also tied to the waist. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As footwear, the Emperor would have worn white stockings and black shoes. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Tongtianguan (通天冠) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (/wiki/Gujin_Tushu_Jicheng) . Crimson robe (絳紗袍) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (/wiki/Gujin_Tushu_Jicheng) . Fangxin quling (方心曲領) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (/wiki/Gujin_Tushu_Jicheng) . Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) tongtianguan seen on the Wu Family Shrines (/wiki/Wu_Family_Shrines) stone-relief (worn by King Xuan of Qi (/wiki/King_Xuan_of_Qi) ). Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) tongtianguan seen on the Admonitions Scroll (/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll) by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) (worn by Emperor Yuan of Han (/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Han) ). Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) tongtianguan seen on a segment of Wise and Benevolent Women -scroll painting by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) (on the left; worn by King Wu of Chu (/wiki/King_Wu_of_Chu) ). Northern Wei (/wiki/Northern_Wei) dynasty lacquer painting of Duke Ling of Wey (/wiki/Duke_Ling_of_Wey) wearing a tongtianguan . Portrait of Emperor Wu of Liang (/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liang) wearing a tongtianguan Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) tongtianguan as depicted on Wu Daozi (/wiki/Wu_Daozi) 's scroll-painting. Northern Yan (/wiki/Northern_Yan) golden cicada-patterned dang plaque ornament, used on headwear such as the tongtianguan . See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Han_Chinese_clothing) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Han_Chinese_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. pp. 108–109. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b Fang, Alex Chengyu (2016). The Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System . Fran?cois Thierry. [Place of publication not identified]. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-10-1793-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 966360040 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/966360040) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c d Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties . Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 7, 41. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-16786-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 953576345 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953576345) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) 董进. (2011). Q版大明衣冠图志 . Bei jing you dian da xue chu ban she. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-7-5635-2501-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 885837660 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/885837660) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) 臧, 迎春 (2003). 中国传统服饰 . 五洲传播出版社. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9787508502793 . ^ a b c d e "宋代皇帝服饰：通天冠服 - 栖凤阁汉服网|最美中国风 尽在栖凤阁 Powered by Hishop" (http://hanfudian.com/article/show-447.aspx) . hanfudian.com . Retrieved 2021-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "120". Book of Later Han . 通天冠，高九寸，正竖，顶少邪却，乃直下为铁卷梁，前有山，展筒为述，乘舆所常服。 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "25". Book of Jin . "通天冠，本秦制。高九寸，正竖，顶少斜却，乃直下，铁为卷梁，前有展筒，冠前加金博山述，乘舆所常服也。 " ^ a b c Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou . Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. p. 92. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68417-050-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 956711877 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956711877) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) v t e Crowns (/wiki/Crown) Albania Helmet of Skanderbeg (/wiki/Arms_of_Skanderbeg#The_helmet) 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American photographer John Wayne (/wiki/John_Wayne) (1940) Adele Jergens (/wiki/Adele_Jergens) (1945) Ann Miller (/wiki/Ann_Miller) (1946) Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) and Larry Parks (/wiki/Larry_Parks) (1947) Ned Scott (April 16, 1907 – November 24, 1964) was an American photographer who worked in the Hollywood film industry (/wiki/Hollywood_film_industry) as a still photographer from 1935 to 1948. [1] (#cite_note-IMDB-1) As a member of The Camera Club of New York (/wiki/The_Camera_Club_of_New_York) from 1930 to 1934, he was heavily influenced by fellow members Paul Strand (/wiki/Paul_Strand) and Henwar Rodakiewicz (/w/index.php?title=Henwar_Rodakiewicz&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-Letter_Henwar_Rodakiewicz-2) Early commercial work [ edit ] While living in New York and visiting the Camera Club, Ned Scott began commercial work with still lifes and x-ray tubes. He experimented with light and form during this period. Unfortunately little survives except that which he saved for his own personal collection. His other photographic efforts during this time included a study of La Iglesia de San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Asis_Mission_Church) in Ranchos de Taos (/wiki/Ranchos_de_Taos) , New Mexico (/wiki/New_Mexico) . Mexico [ edit ] Scott spent the latter half of 1934 working for Paul Strand on location in Alvarado, Mexico to produce the Mexican funded propaganda film, Redes (/wiki/Redes_(film)) . [3] (#cite_note-IMDB:_Redes-3) Fred Zinnemann (/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann) , who also worked on this film in his directorial debut, referred to Scott's stills as "classics" in his autobiography. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZinnemann199236-4) Two months following Strand's return to the US from Mexico, he referred to these stills as "the finest set of still photographs I have ever seen for any film". [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrippner201070-5) His assignment was the creation of film stills during the production of the film. He used a 5 x 7 Graflex camera throughout production. He masked the back plate of the camera to a 5 x 6 size at the suggestion of Paul Strand (/wiki/Paul_Strand) , thus producing exposed film which was a little smaller than usual. Because the sun was so intense at the midday period, filming of Redes took place in the early morning and late afternoon. Zinnemann made this filming schedule due to the fact that most of the participants wore large straw hats, characteristic of the culture and area, and these hats created very dark shadows over the actors' facial features. So it was that during this midday time, Scott had the opportunity to make photographic forays into the community of Alvarado to document the town. He also used this time to make character portraits. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElkins2000-6) Conditions in Alvarado were spartan, and travel took time. Crossing the Mexican border was problematic because of sensitivities of the Mexican government to immigrant labor, often causing delays of days for telegrams to be transmitted back and forth with officials in the government. Overall Alvarado was a very shabby place. There was dirt everywhere. Facial qualities of the local population were strong, perhaps due to the African American genetic strain within the group [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivera1992-7) but there was "an appalling amount of toothlessness". Known as Jarochos, members of the local population laughed, sang and drank (aguardiente) as a normal course of things. Throughout Mexico Alvarado was known as the most foul-mouthed village anywhere. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZinnemann1992-8) Despite the local color, both Strand and Rodakiewicz found the town and its people terribly depressing. Underlying this feature, however, was a vitality and a specialness which lent possibilities for a good film. But at the end of 1933, when Henwar arrived to assist in the film's production, he found the scenario ragged and incoherent. [9] (#cite_note-Henwar_Letter-9) Scott arrived in Alvarado in June 1934. Zinnemann was already there, having arrived in January at the request of Henwar to take over the role of film director after Henwar left to complete a prior commitment on a Stirner film about American Pueblo Indians. [10] (#cite_note-) Prior to his departure, Henwar had also completed the shooting script for Strand because he did not feel right about leaving Strand alone in the production of the film. There was no one else on hand in Alvarado who grasped the enormous possibilities of cinema or who knew anything about making a film. By June, the production team was finally assembled, Henwar having returned from the Pueblo job, and filming could commence. [11] (#cite_note-Henwar_letter-11) Scott began his first film still assignment with a rookie director, a rookie producer and a group of rookie actors in a foreign town whose inhabitants were renowned for their drinking and swearing. And he worked for free. Gunther von Fritsch, the editor of the film, arrived and joined the film crew on October 26, 1934. He was enchanted with the town (he landed in Alvarado during a lengthy fiesta with dancing in the plaza and fireworks every night). His work began immediately, but there were problems. Equipment on hand was primitive as there were no light boxes, cutting tables or bins to organize the film trims, and much had to be improvised. Electricity was unreliable, and when available, it was fluctuating, causing the moviola and projector to run at erratic speeds, a circumstance which hampered timing. Gunther got as much done as he could in Alvarado, then went to Mexico City on November 2 to record the musical score. [12] (#cite_note-Gunther_letter-12) Hollywood years [ edit ] Scott arrived in Hollywood in February 1935 and took up residence with Zinnemann, Rodakiewicz and von Fritsch in a studio apartment complex at 7900 Honey Drive, North Hollywood (/wiki/North_Hollywood) . [13] (#cite_note-letter_Paul_Strand-13) With his New York experience and recently finished film effort in Mexico, Scott began free lance work as a still photographer. He was soon to come to the notice of producers David Loew (/wiki/David_Loew) , Walter Wanger (/wiki/Walter_Wanger) and Lester Cowan (/w/index.php?title=Lester_Cowan&action=edit&redlink=1) for whom he photographed films in the latter half of the 1930s and early 1940s. [1] (#cite_note-IMDB-1) Most notable are the two Walter Wanger films Stagecoach (1939) and The Long Voyage Home (/wiki/The_Long_Voyage_Home) (1941). Both of these films were directed by John Ford (/wiki/John_Ford) . Some of his most recognizable work was yet to be created, however. In March 1945, he signed a contract to perform still and portrait photography with Columbia Pictures (/wiki/Columbia_Pictures) , becoming a contract employee for the first time since entering Hollywood. Over the next three years Scott worked with such stars as Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) , Glenn Ford (/wiki/Glenn_Ford) , Humphrey Bogart (/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart) , and Janet Blair (/wiki/Janet_Blair) . Salary was structured at $250 per week beginning the first year, then rising to $300 per week for the second year, and $350.00 per week for the last year. [14] (#cite_note-NSA_Contracts-14) This period was his most prolific during which he shot 50,000 frames a year. [15] (#cite_note-NSA_Awards-15) Scott was recognized for the quality of his photography. Even though he had no formal, institutional training in photography prior to beginning his Hollywood career, Scott soon found his still photographs published in books and nationally circulated periodicals. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with an 11 x 14 display of his character study image of Barry Fitzgerald as "Cocky" from The Long Voyage Home . This exhibit was billed as a "Hollywood Studios Still Photography Show" featuring "Stars in Camera Art" in Fall of 1940. [16] (#cite_note-Character_study-16) In the February 19 issue of Look Magazine, the editors honored him with a Photo of the Year award in 1946. The image which won him this award arose from his work for the film Tars and Spars . [15] (#cite_note-NSA_Awards-15) A key method utilized to capture the most convincing portraits of actors in character was the "swing to" shot. Facing away from an 8 x 10 camera lens, the actor spoke lines as though on the sound stage with cameras running. All the incipient force of the actor's character emerged as the lines from the script were uttered. Then, without hesitation, the actor rotated to face the camera, giving Scott the perfect portrayal of the screen character. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston1939-17) Later commercial work [ edit ] While awaiting film assignments, Scott filled his spare time with commercial work. His chief client was the Gantner & Mattern Co. (/w/index.php?title=Gantner_%26_Mattern_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1) of San Francisco, manufacturer of swim wear, sports wear and sweaters. [18] (#cite_note-Edith_Skemp_Letter-18) His association with the clothing company lasted from 1937 through 1942 and consisted of creating photographs showcasing their products in realistic settings using both male and female models. Gantner and Mattern produced advertising products using these photographs, and national ads were placed in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Mademoiselle (/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)) and Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) magazines. [19] (#cite_note-Gantner_&_Mattern-19) Of particular note was their most popular line of male swimwear called WIKIES (no relation to this platform) which figured prominently in Scott's photography of male models. [20] (#cite_note-1938_Skemp_Letter-20) Auctions [ edit ] Since Scott never printed for the market, few of his personal prints can be found for sale. Most of the material in the auction circuit is from his Hollywood years, and these items are 8 x 10 prints on resin coated paper (RC) (/w/index.php?title=Resin_coated_paper_(RC)&action=edit&redlink=1) which were made by the photographic studios for promotional or film creation purposes. Much more significant are the few auctions of his vintage personal prints which have occurred in the last 15 years. Notable here are two Redes platinum prints (/wiki/Platinum_prints) which Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) auctioned in 1999, one platinum originating from Clara B. DeMille, [21] (#cite_note-Agnes_DeMille-21) and 43 original Redes prints from the Gunther von Fritsch (/wiki/Gunther_von_Fritsch) estate. [22] (#cite_note-Gunther_prints-22) Exhibits [ edit ] Augustin Chavez curated an exhibit at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City in 1980–81, and this exhibit included prints from Paul Strand and prints from Ned Scott negatives generated during the 1934 Redes experience. Chavez borrowed 86 Redes negatives from Scott's widow in summer of 1979 for this exhibit and made exhibit prints from these negs for the Palace display. [23] (#cite_note-Redes_history-23) The Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City mounted an exhibit detailing the production of the movie Stagecoach (/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)) in 2003. Included in this exhibit were 22 display prints generated from Scott's personal print collection which he saved from his own work on the film. Also included in this exhibit were a number of artifacts and ephemera from the film's creation. [24] (#cite_note-Stagecoach_exhibit-24) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) heralded this exhibit with a detailed article on March 3, 2003. [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENash2003-25) Actress and cast member Louise Platt wrote a lengthy letter to the Ned Scott Archive in support of this exhibit. She recalled her own experiences as a member of the cast, and she discussed her observations and feelings toward other cast members including Claire Trevor (/wiki/Claire_Trevor) and John Wayne (/wiki/John_Wayne) and director John Ford (/wiki/John_Ford) . [26] (#cite_note-Louise_Platt_Letter-26) Excerpts from the letter were posted for all to see. [27] (#cite_note-Louise_Platt_Interview-27) Family [ edit ] Ned Scott married Gwladys Matthews, daughter of Presbyterian minister Reverend Mark A. Matthews (/wiki/Mark_A._Matthews) of Seattle, in 1936. Gwladys's first marriage, to the French writer Maurice Sachs (/wiki/Maurice_Sachs) ended in divorce in 1934. Ned and Gwladys lived for four years on Mesa Drive in Santa Monica Canyon (/wiki/Santa_Monica_Canyon) , California and then moved to La Cañada (/wiki/La_Ca%C3%B1ada_Flintridge,_California) where he raised a family including one daughter and son. Works [ edit ] Scott, Ned (June 20, 1943). "Still Photography in the Motion Picture Industry". The Complete Photographer Magazine : 88–96. Notes [ edit ] ^ a b Ned Scott (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0779612/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ (#cite_ref-Letter_Henwar_Rodakiewicz_2-0) A letter from Henwar Rodakiewicz (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/ned-scott/associates/henwar-rodakiewicz/7-a-letter-from-henwar-rodakiewicz.html) , Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts to Ned Scott, New York, New York, November 7, 1932 ^ (#cite_ref-IMDB:_Redes_3-0) Redes at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZinnemann199236_4-0) Zinnemann 1992 (#CITEREFZinnemann1992) , p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrippner201070_5-0) Krippner 2010 (#CITEREFKrippner2010) , p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElkins2000_6-0) Elkins 2000 (#CITEREFElkins2000) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivera1992_7-0) Rivera 1992 (#CITEREFRivera1992) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZinnemann1992_8-0) Zinnemann 1992 (#CITEREFZinnemann1992) . ^ (#cite_ref-Henwar_Letter_9-0) Letter, Henwar Rodakiewicz to Ned Scott, October 21, 1933: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html) ^ (#cite_ref-0_10-0) Henwar Rodakiewicz Santa Fe, New Mexico to Georgia O'Keeffe, New York, January 30, 1934 ^ (#cite_ref-Henwar_letter_11-0) Henwar Rodakiewicz, Mexico D.F, to Ned Scott, New York, December 17, 1933: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Gunther_letter_12-0) Letter, Gunther von Fritsch to William Alexander, August 18, 1976: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html#gvf (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html#gvf) ^ (#cite_ref-letter_Paul_Strand_13-0) Letter Paul Strand, Santa Fe, New Mexico to Ned Scott 7900 Honey Drive, Hollywood, California January 29, 1935. University of Louisville Special Collections Photographic Archive ^ (#cite_ref-NSA_Contracts_14-0) Contracts, pp. 1 ^ a b Awards: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/awards.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/awards.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Character_study_16-0) Character Portrayals: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/character-actor-portrayals.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/character-actor-portrayals.html) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston1939_17-0) Johnston 1939 (#CITEREFJohnston1939) . ^ (#cite_ref-Edith_Skemp_Letter_18-0) Edith Skemp, Gantner & Mattern advertising San Francisco, to Ned Scott, Santa Monica, California June 1, 1937. (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/san-francisco/gantner-a-mattern-co.html#letters%7CLetter) ^ (#cite_ref-Gantner_&_Mattern_19-0) Gantner & Mattern Co: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/san-francisco/gantner-a-mattern-co.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/san-francisco/gantner-a-mattern-co.html) ^ (#cite_ref-1938_Skemp_Letter_20-0) Letter, Edith Skemp of Gantner and Mattern to Ned Scott, November 4, 1938: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/san-francisco/gantner-a-mattern-co.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/san-francisco/gantner-a-mattern-co.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Agnes_DeMille_21-0) Agnes DeMille page: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/agnes-demille.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/commercial-photography/agnes-demille.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Gunther_prints_22-0) Gunther von Fritsch 2008 auction certificate: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-published-literature.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-published-literature.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Redes_history_23-0) Redes History, 1970's: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-history.html (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-history.html) ^ (#cite_ref-Stagecoach_exhibit_24-0) Stagecoach Exhibit: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#persimmonmag (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#persimmonmag) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENash2003_25-0) Nash 2003 (#CITEREFNash2003) . ^ (#cite_ref-Louise_Platt_Letter_26-0) Louise Platt Letter: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#platt2 (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#platt2) ^ (#cite_ref-Louise_Platt_Interview_27-0) Louise Platt Interview: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#platt (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/hollywood/films/movie-stagecoach.html#platt) References [ edit ] Elkins, Randell (June 2000). "Long Lens Look" (http://thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-published-literature.html#bw) . B&W (7): 48–54 . Retrieved 2015-05-11 . Johnston, John Leroy (July 1939). "Stills Must have Action" (https://archive.org/stream/internationalpho11holl/internationalf) . International Photographer . 11 (6): 12–16 . Retrieved 2015-05-11 . Krippner, James (2010). Paul Strand in Mexico . New York: Aperture Foundation. pp. 69–100. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1597111379 . Nash, Alanna (March 2, 2003). "Eyes Wide Open to the Wide Open Spaces" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/02/arts/art-architecture-eyes-wide-open-to-the-wide-open-spaces.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2015-05-11 . Rivera, Diego (/wiki/Diego_Rivera) (1992). My Life, My Art: An Autobiography . Dover Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486269388 . Zinnemann, Fred (/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann) (1992). Fred Zinnemann: An Autobiography . London: Bloomsbury. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0747511314 . Further reading [ edit ] Busselle, Rebecca. Paul Strand: Southwest . Trudy Wilner Stack and Paul Strand. p. 106. Cowie, Peter (2004). John Ford and the American West . pp. 83, 187. Kline, Herbert. New Theater and Film 1934 to 1937 . Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Publishers. pp. 316–320. Koszarski, Richard (1984). Great American Film Directors . Dover Publications, Inc. p. 60, Plate 112. McClean, Adrienne L. (2004). Being Rita Hayworth . New Brunswick, New Jersey, London: Rutgers University Press. pp. Fronticepiece, Acknowledgements, 131, 134. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8135-3389-9 . Miller, Lee G. (1946). An Ernie Pyle Album . New York: William Sloane Associates, Inc. pp. 118, 124. Roberts-Frenzel, Caren (2001). Rita Hayworth: A Photographic Retrospective . Harry N. Abrams, Inc. pp. Fronticepiece, 6, 97, 100, 101, 105, 126, 129, 130, 132. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8109-1434-4 . Schickel, Richard (2006). Bogie: A Celebration of the Life and Films of Humphrey Bogart . New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 139. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-312-36629-9 . Wellman, William A. (1974). A Short Time for Insanity . New York: Hawthorne Books, Inc. pp. 10, 14, 17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8015-6804-8 . External links [ edit ] The Ned Scott Archive (http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/) Ned Scott (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0779612/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Ned Scott at MPTVimages (https://www.mptvimages.com/images?phrase=ned+scott) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ned Scott (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ned_Scott) . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/283445) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐k6skk Cached time: 20240720225015 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.483 seconds Real time usage: 0.653 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2001/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29528/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1572/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 59479/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.309/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7432840/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 540.720 1 -total 19.41% 104.950 3 Template:Cite_journal 19.08% 103.191 1 Template:Reflist 16.17% 87.423 1 Template:Short_description 13.87% 74.992 1 Template:Authority_control 10.54% 57.004 12 Template:Cite_book 9.36% 50.590 1 Template:IMDb_title 8.48% 45.839 7 Template:Sfn 7.52% 40.650 2 Template:Pagetype 7.02% 37.955 1 Template:Commonscat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34213492-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720225015 and revision id 1225418276. 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British Designer Faye Toogood Born 1977 ( 1977 ) Nationality British (/wiki/British_people) Education BA Art History, University of Bristol (/wiki/University_of_Bristol) Known for Design Faye Toogood (born 1977) [1] (#cite_note-PMA-1) is a British designer based in London. She started her career working as an editor and stylist at The World of Interiors (/wiki/The_World_of_Interiors) before founding her own studio in 2008. Her work spans furniture, interiors, and fashion. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Toogood is known for her minimal, sculptural furniture designs. For example, Roly-Poly Chair, which is ubiquitous in the contemporary design scene, is held in several museum collections. The chair consists of a scooped seat with four plinth legs. In the recent years, Toogood has diversified her style, methodology and medium. Her 2020 exhibition Assemblage 6: Unlearning included maquettes to illustrate the process of developing her work. [5] (#cite_note-Friedman_Benda-5) In addition she has worked on interior design projects as well as fashion collaborations with companies such as Birkenstock (/wiki/Birkenstock) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) A monograph on her work, Faye Toogood: Drawing, Material, Sculpture, Landscape , was published by Phaidon Press (/wiki/Phaidon_Press) in 2022. [10] (#cite_note-Phaidon-10) Collections [ edit ] Toogood's work is held in the permanent collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) ; the High Museum of Art (/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art) , Atlanta; Corning Museum of Glass (/wiki/Corning_Museum_of_Glass) ; the National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) , Melbourne; Dallas Museum of Art (/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art) ; the RISD Museum (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design_Museum) , Providence (/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island) ; and the Denver Museum of Art (/wiki/Denver_Museum_of_Art) , amongst other venues. [1] (#cite_note-PMA-1) [11] (#cite_note-HMA-11) [12] (#cite_note-MNG-12) [13] (#cite_note-NGV-13) [14] (#cite_note-DMA-14) [15] (#cite_note-RISD_M-15) [16] (#cite_note-DMA2-16) In 2023, her work was included in the exhibition Mirror Mirror: Reflections on Design at Chatsworth at Chatsworth House (/wiki/Chatsworth_House) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Faye Toogood" (https://www.philamuseum.org/search?q=Faye%20Toogood) . Philadelphia Museum of Art . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Herring, Sophia (31 March 2021). "British Designer Faye Toogood Has Teamed Up With Birkenstock for a New Line of Footwear and Furniture" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/british-designer-faye-toogood-has-teamed-up-with-birkenstock-for-a-new-line-of-footwear-and-furniture) . Architectural Digest (/wiki/Architectural_Digest) . Conde Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Faye Toogood Debuts Sculptural Slab-Like Tables for Hem, and Other News" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/hem-faye-toogood-stump-tables/) . SURFACE (/wiki/Surface_(magazine)) . 23 February 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Magazine, Wallpaper (/wiki/Wallpaper_(magazine)) * (28 September 2021). "Artist and designer Faye Toogood on how Wallpaper* shaped the way we live" (https://www.wallpaper.com/design/faye-toogood-wallpaper-25-years) . Wallpaper* . ^ (#cite_ref-Friedman_Benda_5-0) "Faye Toogood: Assemblage 6: Unlearning" (https://www.friedmanbenda.com/exhibitions/faye-toogood-assemblage-6-unlearning/) . Friedman Benda . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Rutter, Samuel (2020-03-18). "For Faye Toogood, the Rough Draft Is Also the Final Product" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/t-magazine/faye-toogood-maquette-show.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Faye Toogood Has a New Cult Chair" (https://www.vogue.com/article/faye-toogood-has-a-new-cult-chair) . Vogue . 2020-10-01 . Retrieved 2022-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Fiona Sinclair Scott. "Tinker, Tailor, Sculptor: Faye Toogood is the designer behind a new Birkenstock bed" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/faye-toogood-design/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Faye Toogood and Birkenstock Debut a Capsule Collection of Custom Arizona Sandals, Comfort Clothes, and an Eye-Popping Sculptural Bed" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/faye-toogood-and-birkenstock-debut-a-capsule-collection-of-custom-arizona-sandals-comfort-clothes-and-an-eye-popping-sculptural-bed/) . SURFACE . 2021-04-03 . Retrieved 2022-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-Phaidon_10-0) O'Neill, Alistair; Toogood, Faye (2022). Faye Toogood Drawing, Material, Sculpture, Landscape . Phaidon Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781838664046 . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-HMA_11-0) "Faye Toogood, Roly-Poly Chair" (https://high.org/collections/roly-poly-chair-water/) . High Museum of Art . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-MNG_12-0) "Faye Toogood" (https://www.cmog.org/artwork/roly-poly-chair-water) . Corning Museum of Glass . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-NGV_13-0) "Faye Toogood" (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/?s=Faye+Toogood) . National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-DMA_14-0) "Faye Toogood" (https://collections.dma.org/artwork/5348965) . Dallas Museum of Art . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-RISD_M_15-0) "Faye Toogood, designer" (https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/herdsman-coat-collection-006-201839) . RISD Museum . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-DMA2_16-0) "Faye Toogood, Roly Poly Chair (Raw)" (https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/object/2014.158) . Denver Art Museum . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Mirror Mirror: Reflections on Design at Chatsworth" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230303052437/https://www.chatsworth.org/news-media/news-blogs-press-releases/mirror-mirror-a-new-exhibition-at-chatsworth-for-2023/) . www.chatsworth.org . Archived from the original (https://www.chatsworth.org/news-media/news-blogs-press-releases/mirror-mirror-a-new-exhibition-at-chatsworth-for-2023/) on 2023-03-03 . Retrieved 2023-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Himelfarb, Ellen (2023-03-03). "These British manors have become modern art destinations" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/article-these-british-manors-have-become-modern-art-destinations/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2023-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bertoli, Rosa (2023-03-17). "Chatsworth House design exhibition explores contemporary design themes in an eclectic setting" (https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/chatsworth-house-design-exhibition-2023-mirror-mirror-reflections-on-design) . wallpaper.com . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Madlener, Adrian (2023-03-17). "How Can You Make an English Manor Filled With Old Masters Feel Contemporary? At Chatsworth House, the Answer Is Cutting-Edge Design" (https://news.artnet.com/art-world/glenn-adamson-craft-2271300) . Artnet News . Retrieved 2023-03-19 . 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Overview of fashion in the Federal Republic of Germany Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Germany (/wiki/Germany) plays an important role in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) , along with France (/wiki/French_fashion) , the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , the United States (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) , Italy (/wiki/Italian_fashion) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , and Japan (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) . German fashion is known for unconventional young designers and manufacturers of sports and outdoor clothing, ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) and custom-made (/wiki/Made_to_measure) creations. [1] (#cite_note-1) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , the country's capital city, is also a fashion capital of the world and the home of Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , the country's main event where young and creative German fashion designers showcase unique creations. [2] (#cite_note-fashionunited-2) Other important cities to the German fashion landscape are Munich (/wiki/Munich) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) and Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Smaller places such as Herford (/wiki/Herford) , Metzingen (/wiki/Metzingen) , Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) , Schorndorf (/wiki/Schorndorf) , Chemnitz (/wiki/Chemnitz) , Albstadt (/wiki/Albstadt) and Detmold (/wiki/Detmold) . [5] (#cite_note-5) are also important design and production hubs of the German fashion industry. Cities [ edit ] Berlin [ edit ] Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) ( Berliner Modewoche ) is a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held twice annually (in January and July) in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) . Since its establishment in July 2007 it has gained great international attention for its many creative young designers who are flourishing in the fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) of Berlin. [6] (#cite_note-6) Since July 2011, the event has taken place part in front of the Brandenburg Gate (/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate) . Mercedes-Benz (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) is the main sponsor of the fashion week. Zalando SE (/wiki/Zalando_SE) is a publicly traded German online retailer of shoes, fashion and beauty active across Europe, headquartered in Berlin. The company was founded in 2008 by David Schneider and Robert Gentz and has more than 51 million active users in 25 European markets. Zalando is active in a variety of business fields – from multi-brand online shopping (including their own brands), the shopping club Lounge by Zalando, outlets in 12 German cities, as well as logistics and marketing offers for retailers. In 2022, Zalando generated revenue of 10.3 billion Euro, with roughly 16,000 employees. Düsseldorf [ edit ] Königsallee (/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)) Düsseldorf (/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf) has been the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) capital of Germany for decades (/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)) ; it is also a major cultural center for the art scene. Berlin, Germany's 'fashion capital' until 1945, lost its position because of its special location (/wiki/History_of_Berlin) within the Soviet occupation zone (/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone) . After the monetary reform (/wiki/Monetary_reform) of June 20, 1948, fashionable clothes trends gained importance. Igedo (/wiki/Igedo) organised fashion shows staged in Düsseldorf starting in March 1949. [7] (#cite_note-7) There are a number of schools dedicated to fashion design in Düsseldorf, among them Akademie Mode & Design ( de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Akademie_Mode_%26_Design) ), Design Department , and Mode Design College . [8] (#cite_note-8) The Königsallee is an urban boulevard (/wiki/Boulevard) and is noted for both the landscaped canal (/wiki/Canal) that runs along its center, as well as for the fashion showrooms (/wiki/Showroom) and luxury (/wiki/Luxury_good) retail stores (/wiki/Retail_stores) located along its sides. Nicknamed Kö ( German pronunciation: [køː] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German) ⓘ (/wiki/File:De-K%C3%B6.ogg) ) by locals, the Königsallee is one of Germany's busiest upscale shopping (/wiki/Shopping) streets. [9] (#cite_note-9) Economy [ edit ] In around 1,300 companies with more than 130,000 employees, a revenue of 28 billion Euro is generated by the German textile industry. Almost 44 percent of the products are exported. The textile branch thus is the second largest producer of consumer goods (/wiki/Consumer_good) in Germany, after food production. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Adidas [ edit ] Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) ´s factory in Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) This section is an excerpt from Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adidas&action=edit) ] Adidas AG (/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft) ( German pronunciation: [ˈʔadiˌdas] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German) ⓘ (/wiki/File:De-Adidas.ogg) ; stylized in all lowercase (/wiki/All_lowercase) since 1949) [12] (#cite_note-12) is a German athletic apparel and footwear corporation (/wiki/Corporation) headquartered in Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) , Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) , Germany. It is the largest sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) manufacturer in Europe (/wiki/Europe) , and the second largest in the world, after Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) It is the holding company (/wiki/Holding_company) for the Adidas Group, which also owns an 8.33% stake of the football club Bayern München (/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munich) , [15] (#cite_note-15) and Runtastic (/wiki/Adidas_Runtastic) , an Austrian fitness technology company. Adidas's revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion. [16] (#cite_note-Adidas_FY2018-16) The company was started by Adolf Dassler (/wiki/Adolf_Dassler) in his mother's house. He was joined by his elder brother Rudolf (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) in 1924 under the name Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ("Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory"). Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) ) for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber. Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens (/wiki/Jesse_Owens) to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics (/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics) . In 1949, following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers, Adolf created Adidas and Rudolf established Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) , which became Adidas's business rival. [17] (#cite_note-Adidas_history-17) The three stripes (/wiki/Three_stripes) are Adidas's identity mark, having been used on the company's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid. The branding, which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports (/wiki/Karhu_Sports) for the equivalent of €1,600 and two bottles of whiskey, [18] (#cite_note-Adidas_smit-18) [19] (#cite_note-Adidas_ChadwickArthur2007-438-19) became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as "The three stripes company". [18] (#cite_note-Adidas_smit-18) [19] (#cite_note-Adidas_ChadwickArthur2007-438-19) Puma [ edit ] Puma (/wiki/Puma) ´s world headquarters in Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) This section is an excerpt from Puma (brand) (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puma_(brand)&action=edit) ] World headquarters in Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) Puma SE (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) is a German multinational corporation (/wiki/Multinational_corporation) who design and manufacture athletic and casual footwear, apparel, and accessories, headquartered in Herzogenaurach (/wiki/Herzogenaurach) , Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) . Puma is the third largest sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) manufacturer in the world. [20] (#cite_note-Puma_(brand)_top3-20) The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) (1898–1974). In 1924, Rudolf and his brother Adolf "Adi" Dassler (/wiki/Adolf_Dassler) had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ('Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory'). The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated (/wiki/Dassler_brothers_feud) until they agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) and Puma. Following the split, Rudolf originally registered the newly established company as Ruda (derived from Rudolf Dassler, as Adidas was based on Adi Dassler), but later changed the name to Puma . Puma's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered, along with the company's name, in 1948. Puma's shoe and clothing designs feature the Puma logo and the distinctive "Formstrip" which was introduced in 1958. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmit200933-21) Other Brands [ edit ] A Hugo Boss store Other famous fashion brands include MCM (/wiki/MCM_Worldwide) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Escada (/wiki/Escada) , JOOP! (/wiki/JOOP!) , Bruno Banani (/wiki/Bruno_Banani) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander_(brand)) , Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Schiesser (/wiki/Schiesser) , Closed (/wiki/Closed_GmbH) , Reusch (/wiki/Reusch_(company)) , Valisere (/wiki/Valisere) , Jack Wolfskin (/wiki/Jack_Wolfskin) , Ulla Popken (/wiki/Ulla_Popken) , Buffalo (/wiki/Buffalo_(footwear)) , Rohde (/wiki/Rohde_Shoes) , Marc O'Polo (/wiki/Marc_O%27Polo) , Tom Tailor (/wiki/Tom_Tailor) , s.Oliver (/wiki/S.Oliver) , Esprit (/wiki/Esprit_Holdings) , Wunderkind (/wiki/Wunderkind_(fashion)) , Seidensticker (/w/index.php?title=Seidensticker&action=edit&redlink=1) , Windsor. (/w/index.php?title=Windsor.&action=edit&redlink=1) , Jaques Britt (/w/index.php?title=Jaques_Britt&action=edit&redlink=1) , Naketano (/w/index.php?title=Naketano&action=edit&redlink=1) . There are also various agencies hosting multiple German brands and designers at once, such as zLabels Berlin . [22] (#cite_note-22) Also the big department stores like Kaufhof (/wiki/Kaufhof) and Karstadt (/wiki/Karstadt) , retail chains like Peek & Cloppenburg (/wiki/Peek_%26_Cloppenburg) , Ulla Popken (/wiki/Ulla_Popken) and NewYorker (/wiki/NewYorker) or mail order and online shops like Otto (/wiki/Otto_GmbH) and Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) have various in-house fashion brands. See also: Category:Clothing companies of Germany (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Germany) Fairs [ edit ] The Bread & Butter (/wiki/Bread_%26_Butter_(tradeshow)) in Berlin [23] (#cite_note-23) is a leading trade fair for street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) and ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) trends, twice annually during Berlin Fashion Week. [2] (#cite_note-fashionunited-2) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) The Igedo (/wiki/Igedo) fair Collection Première Düsseldorf in Düsseldorf (/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf) (CPD) was the world's dominating fashion fair for years. [26] (#cite_note-26) Designers [ edit ] Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) Renowned fashion designers from Germany are e.g. Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss_(fashion_designer)) , Wolfgang Joop (/wiki/Wolfgang_Joop) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) , Etienne Aigner (/wiki/Etienne_Aigner) , Tomas Maier (/wiki/Tomas_Maier) , Robert Geller (/wiki/Robert_Geller) , Philipp Plein (/wiki/Philipp_Plein) , Rudolph Moshammer (/wiki/Rudolph_Moshammer) , Torsten Amft (/wiki/Torsten_Amft) , Uli Herzner (/wiki/Uli_Herzner) , Gabriele Strehle, Christoph Tisch, Marc Engelhard, [27] (#cite_note-27) Willy Bogner (/wiki/Willy_Bogner_Jr.) , Rudolf (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) and Adi Dassler (/wiki/Adolf_Dassler) . [28] (#cite_note-28) See also: List of fashion designers § Germany (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers#Germany) , and Category:German fashion designers (/wiki/Category:German_fashion_designers) Media [ edit ] Important fashion media of Germany include the German Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) , Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) , Jolie (/wiki/Jolie_(magazine)) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) , Life&Style and Sleek magazines. The German fashion magazine with the longest continued tradition is Burda Style (/wiki/Burda_Style) , that was first published by Aenne Burda (/wiki/Aenne_Burda) in 1950, who also established the major Bauer Media Group (/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group) . Also various general women magazines and tabloids like Joy (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) , Brigitte (/wiki/Brigitte_(magazine)) , Petra , Gala and Bunte (/wiki/Bunte) are influential in regards to fashion perception. As for television, FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) can be received via cable or satellite. Various casting shows reach a large audience in Germany, including Germany's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) . Also on ProSieben (/wiki/ProSieben) , the series Fashion Hero (/wiki/Fashion_Star) starring Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) was looking for fashion design talents. The Shopping Queen format at VOX (/wiki/VOX_(German_TV_channel)) stars designer Guido Maria Kretschmer, it provides five contestants with 500 EUR to buy them a fashion outfit and styling in four hours, to compete with each other. Agencies [ edit ] Important modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) locations in Germany are Berlin ( izaio, CORE Artist Management, Seeds Models, Viva Models, OneEins ), Munich ( Louisa Models (/wiki/Louisa_Models) , Most Wanted Models, Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) , Nova Models, Talents München, Vivienne Models ) and Hamburg ( CORE Artist Management, MGM Models, iconic management, m 4 models, Mega Models, Model Management, Modelwerk (/w/index.php?title=Modelwerk&action=edit&redlink=1) , Most Wanted Models, Place Models, PMA Models ). Also agencies in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) and Zurich (/wiki/Zurich) host models based in Germany, as well as major global agencies like IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) , DNA, Elite (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) , Models 1 (/w/index.php?title=Models_1&action=edit&redlink=1) and NEXT (/wiki/NEXT_Model_Management) . [29] (#cite_note-29) Models [ edit ] There is a range of fashion models from Germany that made it to international fame, such as Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) , Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Diane Kruger (/wiki/Diane_Kruger) , Eva Padberg (/wiki/Eva_Padberg) , Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) , Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) , Tatjana Patitz (/wiki/Tatjana_Patitz) , Anna Ewers (/wiki/Anna_Ewers) , Manon von Gerkan, Birte Glang (/wiki/Birte_Glang) , Nico (/wiki/Nico) , Uschi Obermaier (/wiki/Uschi_Obermaier) , Carola Remer (/w/index.php?title=Carola_Remer&action=edit&redlink=1) , Franziska Knuppe (/wiki/Franziska_Knuppe) , Vanessa Hegelmaier (/wiki/Vanessa_Hegelmaier) , Lena Gercke (/wiki/Lena_Gercke) , Sara Nuru (/wiki/Sara_Nuru) , Barbara Meier (/wiki/Barbara_Meier) , Nadja Auermann (/wiki/Nadja_Auermann) , Claudia Ciesla (/wiki/Claudia_Ciesla) , Aslı Bayram (/wiki/Asl%C4%B1_Bayram) , Shermine Shahrivar (/wiki/Shermine_Shahrivar) , Evelyn Sharma (/wiki/Evelyn_Sharma) , Victoria Jancke, Marten Laciny (/wiki/Marteria) , Nico Schwanz and Lars Burmeister (/wiki/Lars_Burmeister) . [30] (#cite_note-30) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Franziska Knuppe (/wiki/Franziska_Knuppe) Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) Nadja Auermann (/wiki/Nadja_Auermann) See also: Category: German models (/wiki/Category:German_models) Education [ edit ] Fashion education in Germany is centered on art schools, universities (/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Germany) and the major fashion manufacturers. [31] (#cite_note-31) Academic institutions that offer courses in fashion design include: Multiple locations Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Düsseldorf (/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf) , Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , Munich (/wiki/Munich) : AMD Academy of Fashion and Design (/wiki/AMD_Academy_of_Fashion_and_Design) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Leipzig (/wiki/Leipzig) , Schwerin (/wiki/Schwerin) : Design Hochschule [34] (#cite_note-34) Berlin Berlin University of the Arts (/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts) (UDK) Berlin University of the Arts (/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts) [35] (#cite_note-35) HTW Berlin (/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Technik_und_Wirtschaft) Lette-Verein Berlin (/wiki/Lette-Verein) Fashion and Design School Weissensee (/wiki/Weissensee_(Berlin)) Academy of Arts [36] (#cite_note-36) Atelier Chardon Savard Berlin (https://www.atelier-chardon-savard.net/?Mobile) Others Bremen (/wiki/Bremen) : University of the Arts Bremen (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_Bremen) Düsseldorf: Kunstakademie Düsseldorf (/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf) Halle (/wiki/Halle/Saale) : Giebichenstein Castle Academy of Arts (/wiki/Giebichenstein_Castle) Hamburg: HAW Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg_University_of_Applied_Sciences) Karlsruhe (/wiki/Karlsruhe) : Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Karlsruhe) Munich: Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Munich) Nuremberg (/wiki/Nuremberg) : Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Nuremberg) References [ edit ] Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Germany) on the Culture of Germany (/wiki/Culture_of_Germany) History (/wiki/History_of_Germany) History of Germany (/wiki/History_of_Germany) Science and Technology (/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany) ( List of German inventions and discoveries (/wiki/List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries) ) People (/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Germany) Demographics (/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany) Germans (/wiki/Germans) Poles (/wiki/Poles_in_Germany) Russians 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(/wiki/Portal:Germany) v t e Stern Magazine (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202100230/http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/mode/style-extra-deutsche-mode-602238.html) Style-Extra - Deutsche Mode (German) ^ (#cite_ref-1) Stars tragen deutsche Mode Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141028181113/http://www.vogue.de/mode/star-style/mode-trends-stars-tragen-deutsche-mode) 2014-10-28 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ( Stars wear German fashion ), Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , August 12, 2013, retrieved January 18, 2014 (German) ^ Jump up to: a b "Berlin as a fashion capital: the improbable rise" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/fashion-news/fashion/germanys-fashion-capital-the-improbable-rise-of-berlin-2012011713844) . Fashion United UK . Retrieved 24 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Munich - The stuff dreams are made of (https://www.welt.de/print/wams/vermischtes/article1349heisgay1278/Der-Stoff-aus-dem-die-Traeume-sind.html) (German), Welt ^ (#cite_ref-4) Men’s Fashions in Cologne (http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2440) , Cologne developed into the capital of men’s fashion in the Federal Republic; twice a year, it was the site of International Men’s Fashion Week [Internationale Herrenmodewoche]. , GHDI ^ (#cite_ref-5) Die deutsche Mode kommt aus der Provinz ( The German fashion also comes from the province ), Brigitte, Issue 15/2012, retrieved January 18, 2014 (German) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Berlin as a fashion capital: the improbable rise" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/fashion-news/fashion/germanys-fashion-capital-the-improbable-rise-of-berlin-2012011713844) . Fashion United UK . Retrieved 24 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Verkaufs- und Modewoche Düsseldorf (source: Der Spiegel (/wiki/Der_Spiegel) 2/1950 (https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44445899.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145426/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-44445899.html) 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashion Schools" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160406223337/http://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/fashion-shopping/fashion/fashion-schools/) . www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de . Archived from the original (https://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/fashion-shopping/fashion/) on 6 April 2016 . Retrieved 9 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Shoppingstraßen in Deutschland: Kö nur noch Nummer Zwei" (https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/duesseldorf-koe-landet-bei-luxuseinkaufstrassen-auf-platz-zwei_aid-23964129) . rp-online.de (in German) . Retrieved 2022-02-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "BMWI Branchenfokus Textil und Bekleidung" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141101200743/http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Themen/Wirtschaft/branchenfokus,did=196528.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Themen/Wirtschaft/branchenfokus,did=196528.html) on 1 November 2014 . Retrieved 28 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "2014 Annual Economic Report" (http://www.bmwi.de/EN/Service/publications,did=641134.html) . Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy BMWi . Retrieved 1 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The History of Adidas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130317011942/http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=4465) . On This Day In Fashion . Archived from the original (http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=4465) on 17 March 2013 . Retrieved 16 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Adidas, Deutsche Telekom, Infineon: German Equity Preview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121106120858/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ah3ZhaeNWMdM) . Bloomberg L.P. (/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.) 16 January 2008. Archived from the original (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ah3ZhaeNWMdM) on 6 November 2012 . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Ranking of the largest sporting goods manufacturers worldwide in 2009, based on revenue" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/271302/the-largest-sportswear-manufacturers-worldwide-by-revenue/) . Statista.com . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Allianz steigt nach Adidas und Audi beim FC Bayern München ein" (https://www.autohaus.de/nachrichten/schadenbusiness/triple-a-teilhaber-allianz-steigt-nach-adidas-und-audi-beim-fc-bayern-muenchen-ein-2775793) . Autohaus.de (in German). 2014-02-13 . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-Adidas_FY2018_16-0) "Adidas Annual Report 2018" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190624060640/https://report.adidas-group.com/fileadmin/user_upload/adidas_Annual_Report_GB-2018-EN.pdf) (PDF) . Adidas Group . Archived from the original (https://report.adidas-group.com/fileadmin/user_upload/adidas_Annual_Report_GB-2018-EN.pdf) (PDF) on 24 June 2019 . Retrieved 25 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Adidas_history_17-0) "History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150208215436/http://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/history/) . Adidas Group . Archived from the original (http://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/history/) on 8 February 2015 . Retrieved 7 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Smit, Barbara (2007). Pitch Invasion, Adidas, Puma and the making of modern sport . Penguin. p. 44. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-102368-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chadwick, Simon & Arthur, Dave (2007). International Cases in the Business of Sport . Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 438. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7506-8543-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puma_(brand)_top3_20-0) Maguire, Lucy (7 February 2022). "CEO Bjørn Gulden on the big Puma comeback" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220207075923/https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/ceo-bjorn-gulden-on-the-big-puma-comeback) . Vogue Business (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/ceo-bjorn-gulden-on-the-big-puma-comeback) on 2022-02-07 . Retrieved 2022-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmit200933_21-0) Smit 2009 (#CITEREFSmit2009) , p. 33. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "zLabels" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150305213409/http://zlabels.de/index_en.php) . Archived from the original (http://zlabels.de/index_en.php) on 5 March 2015 . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "B&b -BBB" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120730155209/http://www.breadandbutter.com/summer2012-therock/home) . B&b . Archived from the original (http://www.breadandbutter.com/) on 30 July 2012 . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Bread & Butter Berlin" (http://10times.com/bread-butter-berlin) . 10times . Retrieved 31 October 2014 . Bread & Butter Berlin(BBB) confirms its position as the leading international trade fair and trademark. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Bread & Butter Berlin" (http://www.the-gild.com/blog/bread-and-butter-berlin) . TheGild . Retrieved 31 October 2014 . (BBB), the leading international trade event for progressive, contemporary clothing brands ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Messedatenbank - AUMA" (http://www.auma.de/_pages/MessenDeutschland/MessenDeutschland.aspx?sprache=d) . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "In Style & Fashion" (https://www.pinterest.de/engelhard2455/design/) . 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-28) German Fashion Designers (http://www.vogue.de/tags/d/deutsche-designer) (de), Vogue magazine, retrieved 30 October 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-29) Fashion agencies in Germany (http://www.vogue.de/fashion-shows/models/models-modelagenturen-karriere-als-model) , Vogue magazine ^ (#cite_ref-30) German Fashion Models (http://www.vogue.de/tags/d/deutsche-models) (de), Vogue magazine, retrieved 30 October 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-31) Studying fashion in Germany (http://www.mode-studieren.de/mode-studiengaenge-deutschland/) (de) ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Fashion - AMD" (http://www.amdnet.de/programm/fashion/) . AMD . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) About AMD Academy (https://www.notjustalabel.com/school/amd-hamburg) , notjustalabel.com ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Designschule Schwerin: Gamedesign, Modedesign, Kommunikationsdesign" (http://www.designschule.de/) . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Studiengang Design - Universität der Künste Berlin" (http://www.design.udk-berlin.de/) . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Weißensee Kunsthochschule Berlin" (http://www.kh-berlin.de/en.html) . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . Bibliography [ edit ] Smit, Barbara (2009). Sneaker Wars . New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-124658-6 . 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Type of haircut Emma Stone (/wiki/Emma_Stone) in 2014 A lob or long bob is a form of haircut (/wiki/Hairstyle) and a variant of bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The length is between long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) and a bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The lob is cut just above the shoulders, at shoulder level or just below. [4] (#cite_note-4) In the 1920s, many women were choosing to cut their hair into the bob. Towards the end of the decade, and the start of the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) , a more womanly look was in style, over the flat-chested boyish fashions of the flapper (/wiki/Flapper) era. Hairstyles echoed this, and were worn slightly longer, often in a pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) . During World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , it was fashionable to grow one's hair long again, but longer bobs were still in fashion, often with victory rolls (/wiki/Victory_rolls) in the wake of the allied victory. During the 1960s, the bob returned, albeit much less sharp and graphic. This look has remained popular into the 21st century, and the lob came into vogue, as it is, essentially, a long bob. See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The 30 Chicest Lobs of the Year" (http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/hair/g2510/best-lobs-haircut/?) . 23 May 2016 . Retrieved 14 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Loving the Long Bob? 6 Things to Consider Before You Chop Your Locks" (http://www.bustle.com/articles/43559-loving-the-long-bob-6-things-to-consider-before-you-chop-your-locks) . Bustle.com . Retrieved 2016-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Temple, Dominique. "Lob V bob V mob - which haircut will suit you and why - mid length hair (Glamour.com UK)" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/beauty/2016/01/14/lob-vs-bob-vs-mob--mid-length-hair) . Glamourmagazine.co.uk . Retrieved 2016-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "What is the difference between a bob and a lob hairstyle?" (http://www.hairfinder.com/hair5/bob-lob.htm) . Retrieved 17 September 2016 . External links [ edit ] The dictionary definition of lob (haircut) at Wiktionary v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s) 1980s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s) Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Part (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) Payot (/wiki/Payot) Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Pompadour (/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)) Ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) Punch perm (/wiki/Punch_perm) Professional cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Queue (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) Quiff (/wiki/Quiff) Rattail (/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)) Razor cut (/wiki/Razor_cut) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) Shag (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) Shape-up (/wiki/Shape-up) Shikha (/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)) Shimada (/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)) Short back and sides (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Short brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Short hair (/wiki/Short_hair) Spiky hair (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) Standard haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Step cut (/wiki/Step_cutting) Surfer hair (/wiki/Surfer_hair) Taper cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Temple fade (/wiki/Temple_fade_(hairstyle)) Titus cut (/wiki/Titus_cut) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Updo (/wiki/Updo) Undercut (/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)) Victory rolls (/wiki/Victory_rolls) Waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Widow's peak (/wiki/Widow%27s_peak) Wings (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) ( list (/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles) ) Beard (/wiki/Beard) Chinstrap (/wiki/Chinstrap_beard) Goatee (/wiki/Goatee) Ned Kelly (/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard) Shenandoah (/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)) Soul patch (/wiki/Soul_patch) Van Dyke (/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard) Moustache (/wiki/Moustache) Fu Manchu (/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache) handlebar (/wiki/Handlebar_moustache) horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache) pencil (/wiki/Pencil_moustache) toothbrush (/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache) walrus (/wiki/Walrus_moustache) Designer stubble (/wiki/Designer_stubble) Sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) Hair subtraction cosmetic Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) Shaving (/wiki/Shaving) head (/wiki/Head_shaving) leg (/wiki/Leg_shaving) cream (/wiki/Shaving_cream) brush (/wiki/Shaving_brush) soap (/wiki/Shaving_soap) Razor (/wiki/Razor) electric (/wiki/Electric_shaver) safety (/wiki/Safety_razor) straight (/wiki/Straight_razor) disorders Alopecia (/wiki/Hair_loss) areata (/wiki/Alopecia_areata) totalis (/wiki/Alopecia_totalis) universalis (/wiki/Alopecia_universalis) Frictional alopecia (/wiki/Frictional_alopecia) Pattern hair loss (/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss) Hypertrichosis (/wiki/Hypertrichosis) Management (/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss) Trichophilia (/wiki/Trichophilia) Trichotillomania (/wiki/Trichotillomania) Pogonophobia (/wiki/Pogonophobia) Haircare products Brush (/wiki/Hairbrush) Clay (/wiki/Hair_clay) Clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) Comb (/wiki/Comb) Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Dryer (/wiki/Hair_dryer) Gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) Hairstyling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) Hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) Iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) Pomade (/wiki/Pomade) Relaxer (/wiki/Relaxer) Rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) Volumizer (/wiki/Hair_volumizer) Wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Haircare techniques Backcombing (/wiki/Backcombing) Hair coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) Hair cutting (/wiki/Hair_cutting) Perm (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) Shampoo and set (/wiki/Shampoo_and_set) Straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) Health and medical Greying of hair (/wiki/Greying_of_hair) Hair follicle (/wiki/Hair_follicle) Hair growth (/wiki/Human_hair_growth) Trichology (/wiki/Trichology) Related Andre Walker Hair Typing System (/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System) Beard and haircut laws by country (/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country) Bearded lady (/wiki/Bearded_lady) Barber (/wiki/Barber) ( pole (/wiki/Barber%27s_pole) ) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Frizz (/wiki/Frizz) Good hair (/wiki/Good_hair) Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) list (/wiki/List_of_hairdressers) Hair fetishism (/wiki/Hair_fetishism) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Round collar robe worn in East Asia This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Round_collar_robe) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Round collar robe" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Round+collar+robe%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Round+collar+robe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Round+collar+robe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Round+collar+robe%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Round+collar+robe%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Round+collar+robe%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Emperor Duzong (/wiki/Emperor_Duzong) of Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) , wearing round collar robe. The Round collar robe , also called yuanlingpao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 圆领袍 ; Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 圓領袍 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : yuánlǐngpáo ; lit. 'round collar robe') and yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) in China, danryeong ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 단령 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 團領 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : danryeong ; Korean pronunciation: [dallyeong] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean) ; simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 团领 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 團領 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : tuánlǐng ; lit. 'round collar') in Korea, was a style of paofu (/wiki/Paofu) , a Chinese robe (/wiki/Robe) , worn in ancient China, which was long enough to cover the entire body of its wearer. [1] (#cite_note-search.proquest.com-1) The Chinese yuanlingpao was developed under the influences of the Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) worn by the Donghu people (/wiki/Donghu_people) and by the Wuhu (/wiki/Wuhu) (including the Xianbei (/wiki/Xianbei) ). [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) : 317 [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) : 183–186 Depending on time period, the Chinese yuanlingpao also had some traces of influences from the Hufu worn by the Sogdian (/wiki/Sogdia) . [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) The Chinese yuanlingpao continued to evolve, developing distinctive Chinese characteristics with time and lost its Hufu connotation. It eventually became fully integrated in the Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) system for the imperial and court dress attire. Under the influence of ancient China, the Chinese yuanlingpao was adopted by the rest of the East Asian cultural sphere (/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere) . History [ edit ] China [ edit ] Main articles: Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) , and Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) Xianbei people wearing round collar robes The appearance of yuanling (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Round_collars) collars in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , including those used in the round collar robe, occurred during the Eastern Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) where clothing with round collars started to be used as an inner garment under the Hufu of the Donghu people (/wiki/Donghu_people) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Later on, the clothing customs of the Chinese were further influenced by the Hufu -style clothing with round collars and narrow sleeves used in the Hufu of the Wuhu (/wiki/Wuhu) (including the Xianbei (/wiki/Xianbei) people) during the Six dynasties (/wiki/Six_Dynasties) period, [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) : 317 [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) : 183–186 when clothing with yuanling (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Round_collars) collar started to be worn as an outer-garment and could be used as a form of formal clothing. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) A form of localized yuanlingpao which was integrated with the traditional Chinese characteristics of the shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) is the panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) . [7] (#cite_note-:14-7) [8] (#cite_note-:132-8) By the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) , the yuanlingpao became a formal attire which was typically worn by men although it also became fashionable for women to wear it in some dynasties, such as in the Tang dynasty. [1] (#cite_note-search.proquest.com-1) During the Tang dynasty, under the influence of the Sogdians (/wiki/Sogdia) , the yuanlingpao could be transformed into a fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) . [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) Three kinds of yuanlingpao: Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) (left), panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) (middle), yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) (right), Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) Yuanlingpao with broad and loose sleeves, Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) Yuanlingpao as a dragon robe, Ming dynasty Yuanlingpao with broad sleeves, Ming dynasty Yuanlingpao, Qing dynasty Korea [ edit ] In Korea (/wiki/Korea) , round collared hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) was worn with roots in hobok (/wiki/Hufu) and Goguryeo (/wiki/Goguryeo) murals show that it was worn often as an inner garment. [ citation needed ] The official court uniform called danryeong was introduced from Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) by Kim Chun-chu (/wiki/Muyeol_of_Silla) in the second year of Queen Jindeok (/wiki/Jindeok_of_Silla) 's rule. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) Since then, it has been worn as an official outfit for government officials until the end of Joseon (/wiki/Joseon) . [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) It originated from the Chinese' round collar robe (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) . [10] (#cite_note-10) At first, the danryeong collar was circular, similar to the Chinese round collar robe but later localized into a uniquely Korean U-shaped collar also seen in the Won-sam (/wiki/Wonsam) . Danryeong is used as a type of Gwanbok (/wiki/Gwanbok) . [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) Sometimes it is worn together with the dapho (/wiki/Dapho) . [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) In late Joseon, under the 1884 decree of King Gojong (/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea) , only black-coloured danryeong were permitted to be worn by court officials. [11] (#cite_note-:13-11) Danryeong of Joseon Dynasty Japan [ edit ] Main article: Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) See also [ edit ] China: Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) ; Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) , fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Korea: Gwanbok (/wiki/Gwanbok) Japan: Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) References [ edit ] ^ a b Wang, Xinyi; Colbert, François; Legoux, Renaud (2020). "From Niche Interest to Fashion Trend: Hanfu Clothing as a Rising Industry in China" (https://www.proquest.com/openview/94841c5430526c8b27950e1e941835fe/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=26212) . International Journal of Arts Management . 23 (1) . Retrieved 1 February 2021 . ^ a b Yang, Shuran; Yue, Li; Wang, Xiaogang (2021-08-01). "Study on the structure and virtual model of "xiezhi" gown in Ming dynasty" (https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F1986%2F1%2F012116) . Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 1986 (1): 012116. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2021JPhCS1986a2116Y (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JPhCS1986a2116Y) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012116 (https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F1986%2F1%2F012116) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1742-6588 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1742-6588) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 236985886 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236985886) . ^ a b Dien, Albert E. (2007). Six dynasties civilization . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-07404-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 72868060 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/72868060) . ^ a b Migration and membership regimes in global and historical perspective : an introduction . Ulbe Bosma, Kh Kessler, Leo Lucassen. Leiden: Brill. 2013. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-25115-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 857803189 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857803189) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b Zhao, Qiwang (2020). "Western Cultural Factors in Robes of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties as Well as Sui and Tang Dynasties" (https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ART2L/ICALLH%202020/WHYWB288.pdf) (PDF) . 2020 3rd International Conference on Arts, Linguistics, Literature and Humanities (ICALLH 2020) . Francis Academic Press, UK: 141–147. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.25236/icallh.2020.025 (https://doi.org/10.25236%2Ficallh.2020.025) (inactive 31 January 2024). {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_January_2024) ) ^ (#cite_ref-:3_6-0) Wang, Fang (2018). "Study on Structure and Craft of Traditional Costumes of Edge" (https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/emehss-18/25891885) . Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Economics and Management, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (EMEHSS 2018) . Atlantis Press. pp. 584–588. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/emehss-18.2018.118 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Femehss-18.2018.118) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-476-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-:14_7-0) "Chinese Traditional Costume - Lanshan for Scholars - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/7784.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-11-28 . Retrieved 2022-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-:132_8-0) 유혜영 (1992). 돈황석굴벽화에 보이는 일반복식의 연구 (Doctoral Thesis). 이화여자대학교 대학원. ^ a b c d Nam, Min-yi; Han, Myung-Sook (2000). "A Study on the Items and Shapes of Korean Shrouds" (http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200011920805632.page) . The International Journal of Costume Culture . 3 (2): 100–123. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Fashion, identity, and power in modern Asia . Kyunghee Pyun, Aida Yuen Wong. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 2018. p. 116. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-319-97199-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1059514121 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1059514121) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-:13_11-0) Pyun, Kyunghee; Wong, Aida Yuen (2018). Fashion, identity, and power in modern Asia . Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-319-97199-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1059514121 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1059514121) . 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ULTRA Diamonds Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1991 ; 33 years ago ( 1991 ) ( Gurnee, Illinois (/wiki/Gurnee,_Illinois) ) Defunct November 2, 2012 ; 11 years ago ( 2012-11-02 ) Fate Acquired by Signet Jewelers (/wiki/Signet_Jewelers) Headquarters Chicago, Illinois Key people Daniel H. Marks (President & CEO) Products Jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) Revenue $140 million (Last reported, February 2011) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) $50 million (July 2009) Number of employees 1,500 (July 2009) ULTRA Diamonds was a seller of fine jewelry in factory outlet (/wiki/Factory_outlet) and value centers in the United States. ULTRA was a manufacturer as well as a direct importer of diamonds (/wiki/Diamonds) , gemstones (/wiki/Gemstones) , and gold jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) . At one point, Ultra operated over 100 stores in outlet centers and 38 other format locations (primarily licensed jewelry departments). The company went through though bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) in 2001–2002, and again after the financial crisis of 2007–2008 (/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008) . On November 2, 2012, the company was acquired by Signet Jewelers (/wiki/Signet_Jewelers) . History [ edit ] ULTRA opened its first store in August 1991 in Gurnee, Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) . Daniel H. Marks, founder, president, and CEO is a third generation jeweler. Prior to founding ULTRA, he was a principal with Marks Brothers Jewelers (parent company of the Whitehall and the Lundstrom jewelry chains). The company's retail philosophy was to offer "off-market" pricing with lowered profit margins than what had been traditional in the industry. [1] (#cite_note-1) Although market share grew from 1991 through 2000, in 2009, ULTRA filed for bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) for the second time under Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2008, sales decreased 10.8%, including an 18.9% sales decrease over the critical holiday season (/wiki/Holiday_season) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2009, ULTRA emerged from the months long bankruptcy with a strengthened capital base. This was accomplished when Bank of America (/wiki/Bank_of_America) provided a $30 million line of credit and Crystal Financial assumed 56% ownership of Ultra in exchange for the conversion of half of the company's debt into equity. Ultra's unsecured creditors held an 18% ownership share in the jewelry chain, plus a $3 million note. The upper management team also took salary cuts while assuming a 26% ownership interest (/wiki/Ownership_interest) . ULTRA closed 30 "under performing locations" during the bankruptcy and continued operations at 178 locations. [4] (#cite_note-4) On October 24, 2012, Signet Jewelers (/wiki/Signet_Jewelers) announced that it had signed an agreement to acquire Ultra Stores from Crystal Financial and its other stockholders, for approximately $57 million in cash. Signet did not assume any debt in connection with the acquisition. [5] (#cite_note-5) The acquisition was completed on November 2, 2012. Signet converted most of Ultra's stores to Kay Jewelers Outlets. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ultra Stores to be bought by Kay Jewelers parent" (https://www.bizjournals.com/chicago/news/2012/10/25/ultra-stores-to-be-acquired-by-kay.html) . Chicago Business Journal (/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals) . October 25, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nadgir, Santosh (April 9, 2009). "Ultra Stores files for bankruptcy protection" (https://uk.reuters.com/article/ultrastores/update-1-ultra-stores-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-idUKBNG49365020090409) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rosenblum, Stephanie (April 9, 2009). "In a Downturn, Jewelers Aren't So Precious" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/business/07jewelry.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Golan, Edahn (July 29, 2009). "Ultra Stores Emerge from Chapter 11, Unsecured Creditors Get 18% Stake" (http://www.idexonline.com/FullArticle?id=32702) . IDEX online.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Signet Completes Acquisition of Ultra Stores, Inc" (https://www.signetjewelers.com/investors/news-releases/news-release-details/2012/Signet-Completes-Acquisition-of-Ultra-Stores-Inc/default.aspx) (Press release). Signet Jewelers. November 2, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ford, Daniel (November 20, 2012). "Signet Converting Most Ultra Stores to Kays" (https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/signet-converting-most-ultra-stores-to-kays/) . JCK . 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Women's magazine in Ottoman Empire (1908–1909) Mehâsin Categories Women's magazine Frequency Monthly Founded 1908 First issue 14 September 1908 Final issue Number 25 November 1909 12 Country Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) Based in Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) Language Ottoman Turkish (/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish) Mehâsin (Ottoman Turkish: Virtues ) was a monthly women's magazine which was published in the Ottoman Empire between 1908 and 1909. It was one of the publications started in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution (/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution) and was subtitled as Hanımlara Mahsus (Ottoman Turkish: For Women ). [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) It is known for being the first color women's magazine in the Empire. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) History and profile [ edit ] The first issue of Mehâsin appeared on 14 September 1908. [2] (#cite_note-sonkk-2) Its founders and directors were Asaf Muammer and Mehmed Rauf. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) The magazine came out monthly and was headquartered in Istanbul. [2] (#cite_note-sonkk-2) [3] (#cite_note-sah11-3) In the inner cover Abdülhak Hamid (/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mid_Tarhan) 's statement about women was published in each issue: "Bir milletin nisvanı derece-i terakkisinin mizanıdır.” (Ottoman Turkish: A nation's women are the measure of its modernity.). [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) Following its seventh issue Mehâsin temporarily ceased publication for three months due to low sales. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) The magazine folded on 25 November 1909 and produced twelve issues during its lifetime. [2] (#cite_note-sonkk-2) [4] (#cite_note-tulkes-4) Contributors [ edit ] Both women and men published articles in Mehâsin . Its female contributors included Emine Semiyye (/wiki/Emine_Semiye_%C3%96nasya) , Münevver Asım, Fatma Sabiha, Fatma Aliye (/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz) , Fatma Münire, Şukufe Nihal, Halide Salih, Mediha Hesna, Münire Hanım, Muhsine Hanım, Zühre Hanım [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) [4] (#cite_note-tulkes-4) and Hayriye Melek Hurç (/wiki/Hayriye-Melech_Xhundj) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Tevfik Fikret (/wiki/Tevfik_Fikret) , Faik Ali Ozansoy (/wiki/Faik_Ali_Ozansoy) , Hüseyin Suat Yalçın, Süleyman Nazif (/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Nazif) , Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç (/wiki/Faz%C4%B1l_Ahmet_Ayka%C3%A7) , Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil (/wiki/Halid_Ziya_U%C5%9Fakl%C4%B1gil) , Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın (/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Cahit_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n) , Cenap Şahabettin and Celal Sahir also published articles in the magazine. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) [4] (#cite_note-tulkes-4) Target audience and content [ edit ] Mehâsin addressed not all Ottoman women, but only upper class educated women. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) It covered articles on fashion in Europe, arts, and music in addition to women's issues. [2] (#cite_note-sonkk-2) [4] (#cite_note-tulkes-4) In contrast to other women's periodicals such as Demet (/wiki/Demet_(magazine)) Mehâsin featured more articles on women, social and political issues. [3] (#cite_note-sah11-3) Some of the Mehâsin contributors even suggested that women could obtain their rights only by fighting. [6] (#cite_note-6) Therefore, it disseminated feminist views. [7] (#cite_note-7) Halit Ziya's novel Ferdi ve Şürekası (Ottoman Turkish: Ferdi and His associates ) was serialized in the magazine. [1] (#cite_note-ucar-1) It employed photographs produced by Western periodicals. [4] (#cite_note-tulkes-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i Özgün Uçar (June 2022). "Mehâsin: Resimli-renkli ve 'kadınlara mahsus' ilk dergi" (https://tarihdergi.com/mehasin-resimli-renkli-ve-kadinlara-mahsus-ilk-dergi/) . Tarih Dergi (in Turkish) . Retrieved 27 April 2023 . ^ a b c d Songül Keçeci̇ Kurt (December 2015). "II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Osmanlı Kadın Dergilerinde Aile ve Evlilik Algısı" (https://doi.org/10.37879%2Fbelleten.2015.1073) . Belleten (in Turkish). 79 (286): 1075. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.37879/belleten.2015.1073 (https://doi.org/10.37879%2Fbelleten.2015.1073) . ^ a b Serpil Atamaz Hazar (2011). "Reconstructing the History of the Constitutional Era in Ottoman Turkey through Women's Periodicals". Aspasia (/wiki/Aspasia_(journal)) . 5 (1): 96. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3167/asp.2011.050107 (https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fasp.2011.050107) . ^ a b c d e Tülay Keskin (2003). Feminist/Nationalist Discourse in the First Year of the Ottoman Revolutionary Press (1908-1909): Readings from the Magazines of Demet, Mehasin and Kadin (Salonica) (MA thesis). Bilkent University (/wiki/Bilkent_University) . pp. 68–70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 979-8-209-97261-7 . ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 2652593645 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/2652593645) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Alexandre Toumarkine (2013). "Hayriye Melek (Hunç), a Circassian Ottoman Writer between Feminism and Nationalism" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Qfl0AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA318) . In Duygu Köksal; Anastasia Falierou (eds.). A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives . Leiden: Brill Publishers (/wiki/Brill_Publishers) . p. 318. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-25525-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Nükhet Sirman (/wiki/N%C3%BCkhet_Sirman) (1989). "Feminism in Turkey: A Short History". New Perspectives on Turkey . 3 : 5. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.15184/S0896634600000704 (https://doi.org/10.15184%2FS0896634600000704) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Elif İkbal; Mahir Metinsoy (2013). "The Limits of Feminism in Muslim-Turkish Women Writers of the Armistice Period (1918–1923)" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Qfl0AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA88) . In Duygu Köksal; Anastasia Falierou (eds.). A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives . Leiden: Brill Publishers (/wiki/Brill_Publishers) . p. 88. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-25525-8 . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehâsin&oldid=1219173814 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehâsin&oldid=1219173814) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1908 establishments in the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Category:1908_establishments_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) 1909 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Category:1909_disestablishments_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) Defunct magazines published in Istanbul (/wiki/Category:Defunct_magazines_published_in_Istanbul) Defunct Turkish-language magazines (/wiki/Category:Defunct_Turkish-language_magazines) Defunct women's magazines published in the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Category:Defunct_women%27s_magazines_published_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) Defunct women's fashion magazines (/wiki/Category:Defunct_women%27s_fashion_magazines) Magazines established in 1908 (/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_1908) Magazines disestablished in 1909 (/wiki/Category:Magazines_disestablished_in_1909) Monthly magazines published in Turkey (/wiki/Category:Monthly_magazines_published_in_Turkey) Hidden categories: CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2024)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Insignia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Insignia) . This category is for articles about insignia (/wiki/Insignia) . For images see Commons and Category:Wikipedia images of insignia (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_images_of_insignia) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐bt98d Cached time: 20240721022242 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.065 seconds Real time usage: 0.159 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2407/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 257/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.037/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946106/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 147.236 1 Template:Commons_cat 100.00% 147.236 1 -total 96.95% 142.747 1 Template:Sister_project 95.51% 140.627 1 Template:Side_box 5.11% 7.527 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3935050-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721022242 and revision id 1173323919. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. C Coats of arms (/wiki/Category:Coats_of_arms) (15 C, 18 P) F Formal insignia (/wiki/Category:Formal_insignia) (5 C, 33 P) I Insignia of regiments of Indian Army (/wiki/Category:Insignia_of_regiments_of_Indian_Army) (5 F) Indian state insignia (/wiki/Category:Indian_state_insignia) (1 C) M Military insignia (/wiki/Category:Military_insignia) (17 C, 147 P, 3 F) N National emblems (/wiki/Category:National_emblems) (4 C, 78 P) Non-military rank insignia (/wiki/Category:Non-military_rank_insignia) (7 P) P Philippine provincial insignia (/wiki/Category:Philippine_provincial_insignia) (2 C) S Sashes (/wiki/Category:Sashes) (1 C, 7 P) U United States state insignia (/wiki/Category:United_States_state_insignia) (6 C, 9 P) Pages in category "Insignia" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Insignia (/wiki/Insignia) A Aircraft marking (/wiki/Aircraft_marking) Armband (/wiki/Armband) Aryamehr (/wiki/Aryamehr) F Fulmen (/wiki/Fulmen) G Gorget patches (/wiki/Gorget_patches) M Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) N NASA insignia (/wiki/NASA_insignia) National emblem (/wiki/National_emblem) Q Qing official headwear (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) R Ranks and insignia of the National Fascist Party (/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_National_Fascist_Party) Red Lion and Sun Society (/wiki/Red_Lion_and_Sun_Society) S Sigil of Baphomet (/wiki/Sigil_of_Baphomet) Staff of office (/wiki/Staff_of_office) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Insignia&oldid=1173323919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Insignia&oldid=1173323919) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cultural symbols (/wiki/Category:Cultural_symbols) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐xnhbn Cached time: 20240714165453 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.055 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 400/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.017/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627159/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 40.779 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 40.779 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22962296-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714165453 and revision id 982721627. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. S Speedo (/wiki/Category:Speedo) (6 P) Surfwear brands (/wiki/Category:Surfwear_brands) (54 P) Swimwear manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Swimwear_manufacturers) (1 C, 74 P) Pages in category "Swimwear brands" The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) 0–9 2wink (/wiki/2wink) A Abaeté (clothing) (/wiki/Abaet%C3%A9_(clothing)) Aquapel (/wiki/Aquapel) Arena (swimwear) (/wiki/Arena_(swimwear)) Arena X-Glide (/wiki/Arena_X-Glide) AussieBum (/wiki/AussieBum) B BikiniLuxe (/wiki/BikiniLuxe) Björn Borg (brand) (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Borg_(brand)) C Catalina Swimwear (/wiki/Catalina_Swimwear) Cole of California (/wiki/Cole_of_California) Anne Cole (/wiki/Anne_Cole) Crochet bikini (/wiki/Crochet_bikini) D Nichole de Carle (/wiki/Nichole_de_Carle) Dolfin Swimwear (/wiki/Dolfin_Swimwear) F Faherty Brand (/wiki/Faherty_Brand) G Gottex (/wiki/Gottex) I Inamorata (brand) (/wiki/Inamorata_(brand)) K Kiss Me Deadly (company) (/wiki/Kiss_Me_Deadly_(company)) Kiwami (/wiki/Kiwami) L Leonisa (/wiki/Leonisa) LZR Racer (/wiki/LZR_Racer) M Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno) O Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) Melissa Odabash (/wiki/Melissa_Odabash) Orca (company) (/wiki/Orca_(company)) Orlebar Brown (/wiki/Orlebar_Brown) Oxbow (surfwear) (/wiki/Oxbow_(surfwear)) P Patagonia, Inc. (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) Pink (Victoria's Secret) (/wiki/Pink_(Victoria%27s_Secret)) R Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) Ron Jon Surf Shop (/wiki/Ron_Jon_Surf_Shop) S Seafolly (/wiki/Seafolly) Splash About International (/wiki/Splash_About_International) U Une Piece (/wiki/Une_Piece) V Volcom (/wiki/Volcom) W Watersun Swimwear (/wiki/Watersun_Swimwear) Way Funky (/wiki/Way_Funky) Z Zoggs (/wiki/Zoggs) Zoke (/wiki/Zoke) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Swimwear_brands&oldid=982721627 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Swimwear_brands&oldid=982721627) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Sportswear brands (/wiki/Category:Sportswear_brands) Swimsuits (/wiki/Category:Swimsuits)
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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐4rtk5 Cached time: 20240626025447 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31492843-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626025447 and revision id 988081655. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies based in New York City" The following 52 pages are in this category, out of 52 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abel Honor New York (/wiki/Abel_Honor_New_York) Aéropostale (company) (/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(company)) Aimé Leon Dore (/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Leon_Dore) Alice + Olivia (/wiki/Alice_%2B_Olivia) Another Tomorrow (company) (/wiki/Another_Tomorrow_(company)) AREA (fashion label) (/wiki/AREA_(fashion_label)) B B. Altman and Company (/wiki/B._Altman_and_Company) Barbara Feinman Millinery (/wiki/Barbara_Feinman_Millinery) Ben Cooper, Inc. (/wiki/Ben_Cooper,_Inc.) Billionaire Boys Club (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(clothing_retailer)) Brujas (skate crew) (/wiki/Brujas_(skate_crew)) C Calvin Klein (fashion house) (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) Calvin Klein Collection (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_Collection) John Cavanagh (hatter) (/wiki/John_Cavanagh_(hatter)) D Dangerous Mathematicians (/wiki/Dangerous_Mathematicians) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) E Eckhaus Latta (/wiki/Eckhaus_Latta) F Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) FUBU (/wiki/FUBU) FullBeauty Brands (/wiki/FullBeauty_Brands) G G-III Apparel Group (/wiki/G-III_Apparel_Group) H Haus Alkire (/wiki/Haus_Alkire) House of Thurn (/wiki/House_of_Thurn) I Ike Behar (/wiki/Ike_Behar) Izod (/wiki/Izod) J Jordache (/wiki/Jordache) Jovani Fashion (/wiki/Jovani_Fashion) K Kenneth Cole Productions (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) Alan King (designer) (/wiki/Alan_King_(designer)) Kith (brand) (/wiki/Kith_(brand)) L LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) M Marchesa (brand) (/wiki/Marchesa_(brand)) Milly (fashion brand) (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) N The Natori Company (/wiki/The_Natori_Company) Nine West Holdings (/wiki/Nine_West_Holdings) O Onia (clothing) (/wiki/Onia_(clothing)) P Parke & Ronen (/wiki/Parke_%26_Ronen) PETROU\MAN (/wiki/PETROU%5CMAN) Psycho Bunny (/wiki/Psycho_Bunny) R Richard Edwards (fashion company) (/wiki/Richard_Edwards_(fashion_company)) Rubin & Chapelle (/wiki/Rubin_%26_Chapelle) S Sachin & Babi (/wiki/Sachin_%26_Babi) Sandy Liang (/wiki/Sandy_Liang) Todd Snyder (fashion designer) (/wiki/Todd_Snyder_(fashion_designer)) Spiegel (US retailer) (/wiki/Spiegel_(US_retailer)) Still Here (brand) (/wiki/Still_Here_(brand)) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) Supreme (brand) (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) T Tapestry, Inc. (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) Tibi (fashion brand) (/wiki/Tibi_(fashion_brand)) U Untuckit (/wiki/Untuckit) V VPL (brand) (/wiki/VPL_(brand)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_New_York_City&oldid=988081655 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_New_York_City&oldid=988081655) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies based in New York (state) (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_New_York_(state)) Companies based in New York City (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_New_York_City)
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Australian jewellrry retailer (1979) Goldmark Goldmark store at Westfield Albany (/wiki/Westfield_Albany) , New Zealand Industry Retailing (/wiki/Retailing) Founded 1979 ( 1979 ) Products Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) James Pascoe Group (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) Website www (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) .goldmark (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) .com (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) .au (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) /index (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) Goldmark Jeweller is an Australian jewellery retailer. It was one of the brands included with the Angus & Coote (/wiki/Angus_%26_Coote) purchase in March 2007 by James Pascoe Group (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) . The current logo was introduced in 2000. [1] (#cite_note-WorldGoldmark-1) Goldmark has over 130 stores across Australia, [2] (#cite_note-2) with over 1,000 employees throughout Australia and New Zealand. Goldmark sells jewellery as well as fashion brand watches. Before JPG ownership, in January 2003, [1] (#cite_note-WorldGoldmark-1) Goldmark launched the gClub loyalty program. In June 2009 the gClub card was introduced. [1] (#cite_note-WorldGoldmark-1) Currently there are 15 stores in New Zealand, of which 12 are located as a store within a store within branches of Farmers department store (/wiki/Farmers_Trading_Company) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Goldmark's image and product range of 'contemporary female fashion jewellery' aligned with JPG's view of wanting to attract a younger audience to their New Zealand fashion department store Farmers. As part of the JPG brand family (/wiki/Umbrella_brand) , Goldmark also now carries watches and jewellery branded with the Chisel Farmers menswear store-brand (/wiki/Store_brand) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "World Gold Mines: Goldmark" (http://worldgoldmines.com/jeweller_site_no1.html) . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Goldmark has over 130 stores Australia-wide" (http://www.goldmark.com.au/stores) . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Goldmark New Zealand:Store Locations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130902105647/http://www.goldmark.net.nz/stores) . Archived from the original (http://www.goldmark.net.nz/stores) on 2 September 2013 . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Goldmark New Zealand: Hot Looks - Guys" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130724181721/http://goldmark.net.nz/hot-looks/Guys?i=132) . Archived from the original (http://www.goldmark.net.nz/hot-looks/Guys?i=132) on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . Vivian Shore and Hiam Brazniak started under the name of B Sales. Named after Marcus Opit (GoldMark) who was brought in to manage the chain of 12 stores. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goldmark Jeweller (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Goldmark_Jeweller) . Official website (http://www.goldmark.com.au/index) v t e Retailers in New Zealand (/wiki/Retailing_in_New_Zealand) List of retailers (/wiki/List_of_retailers_in_New_Zealand) - List of shopping centres (/wiki/List_of_shopping_centres_in_New_Zealand) Supermarkets and grocery 3 Guys / Gubays (/wiki/3_Guys) Big Fresh (/wiki/Big_Fresh) BP/Woolworths (/wiki/Woolworths_(New_Zealand_supermarket_chain)) Countdown (/wiki/Countdown_(supermarket)) Countdown Metro (/wiki/Countdown_(supermarket)) Foodtown (/wiki/Foodtown) Four Square (/wiki/Four_Square_(supermarket)) FreshChoice (/wiki/FreshChoice) New World (/wiki/New_World_(supermarket)) New World Fresh Collective (/wiki/New_World_Fresh_Collective) New World Metro (/wiki/New_World_Metro) Night 'n Day (/wiki/Night_%27n_Day) Pak'nSave (/wiki/Pak%27nSave) Price Chopper (/wiki/Price_Chopper_(New_Zealand)) SuperValue (/wiki/SuperValue) The Warehouse (/wiki/The_Warehouse_Group) Woolworths (/wiki/Woolworths_(New_Zealand_supermarket_chain)) Woolworths Metro (/wiki/Woolworths_(New_Zealand_supermarket_chain)) Woolworths at Gull (/wiki/Woolworths_(New_Zealand_supermarket_chain)) Hardware, building and garden Bunnings (/wiki/Bunnings) Carters (/wiki/Carters_Building_Supplies) ColourPlus Guthrie Bowron (/wiki/Guthrie_Bowron) ITM (/wiki/Independent_Timber_Merchants) Kings Plant Barn Lightingplus (/wiki/Lightingplus) Mitre 10 (/wiki/Mitre_10_(New_Zealand)) NZ Safety Blackwoods (/wiki/Wesfarmers) Palmers Garden Centre (/wiki/Palmers_Garden_Centre) PlaceMakers (/wiki/PlaceMakers) Resene ColorShop (/wiki/Resene) Fuel Allied Petroleum (/wiki/HWR_Group) BP (/wiki/BP) Caltex (/wiki/Caltex#New_Zealand) Challenge (/wiki/Challenge_(company)) GAS (/wiki/GAS_Petrol_Service_Stations) Gull (/wiki/Gull_New_Zealand) Mobil (/wiki/Mobil) NPD (/wiki/NPD_(petrol)) Waitomo (/wiki/Waitomo_Group) Z Energy (/wiki/Z_Energy) Pharmaceutical Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) Chemist Warehouse (/wiki/Chemist_Warehouse) Life Pharmacy (/wiki/Green_Cross_Health) Unichem (/wiki/Green_Cross_Health) Department stores Arthur Barnett (/wiki/Arthur_Barnett_Ltd) Ballantynes (/wiki/Ballantynes) D.I.C. 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(/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) NOVO Shoes (/wiki/NOVO_Shoes) Number One Shoes (/wiki/Hannahs) Partridge Jewellers (/wiki/Partridge_Jewellers) Pascoes (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) Peter Alexander Sleepwear (/wiki/Peter_Alexander_Sleepwear) Platypus Shoes (/wiki/Accent_Group) Portmans (/wiki/Just_Group) Postie (/wiki/Postie) Rivers (/wiki/Mosaic_Brands) R. M. Williams (/wiki/R._M._Williams_(company)) Rodd & Gunn (/wiki/Rodd_%26_Gunn) Rubi (/wiki/Cotton_On_Group) Shoe Clinic Smith's Sports Shoes Stewart Dawsons (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) Strandbags (/wiki/Strandbags) SUBTYPE (/wiki/Accent_Group) Sunglass Hut (/wiki/Sunglass_Hut) Supré (/wiki/Cotton_On_Group) Tarocash (/wiki/Retail_Apparel_Group) Timberland (/wiki/The_Timberland_Company) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Walker & Hall (/wiki/Walker_%26_Hall) Witchery (/wiki/Witchery_(company)) yd. 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Irish costume designer based in Dublin This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Consolata Boyle" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Consolata+Boyle%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Consolata+Boyle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Consolata+Boyle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Consolata+Boyle%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Consolata+Boyle%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Consolata+Boyle%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Consolata Boyle Occupation Costume Designer Consolata Boyle is an Irish (/wiki/Irish_people) costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) based in Dublin. She is a frequent collaborator of English director Stephen Frears (/wiki/Stephen_Frears) and has been nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) for her work on three of his films: The Queen (/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)) (2006), Florence Foster Jenkins (/wiki/Florence_Foster_Jenkins_(film)) (2016) and Victoria & Abdul (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Abdul) (2017). Early life [ edit ] Consolata Boyle (born 23rd May 1949,) attended Holy Child Killiney (/wiki/Holy_Child_Killiney) secondary school, County Dublin, Ireland. She graduated from University College Dublin (/wiki/University_College_Dublin) with BA in Archaeology and History, 1972. [1] (#cite_note-1) During that time she was involved in the university society Dramsoc, (/w/index.php?title=Dramsoc,&action=edit&redlink=1) she trained in costume design at the Abbey Theatre (/wiki/Abbey_Theatre) and began her career in the early 1980s. [2] (#cite_note-2) She also did a postgraduate diploma in textiles at West Surrey College of Art & Design (now University for the Creative Arts (/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts) ). [3] (#cite_note-3) Main works [ edit ] Her many credits include Anne Devlin (/wiki/Anne_Devlin_(film)) (1984), December Bride (/wiki/December_Bride_(film)) (1991), Into the West (/wiki/Into_the_West_(film)) (1992), Widows' Peak (/wiki/Widows%27_Peak) (1994), Angela's Ashes (/wiki/Angela%27s_Ashes_(film)) (1999), Nora (/wiki/Nora_(2000_film)) (2000), When Brendan Met Trudy (/wiki/When_Brendan_Met_Trudy) (2001), The Iron Lady (2011), Miss Julie (/wiki/Miss_Julie_(2014_film)) (2014), Testament of Youth (/wiki/Testament_of_Youth_(film)) (2014) and Enola Holmes 1 (/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)) (2020), and Enola Holmes (/wiki/Enola_Holmes_2_(film)) 2 (2022). Her collaboration with Stephen Frears began with The Snapper (/wiki/The_Snapper_(film)) in 1993 and continued with films including Mary Reilly (/wiki/Mary_Reilly_(film)) (1996), The Queen (2006), Cheri (/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ri_(2009_film)) (2009), Tamara Drewe (/wiki/Tamara_Drewe_(film)) (2010), Philomena (2013), Florence Foster Jenkins (2016) and Victoria & Abdul (2017). Achievements [ edit ] As well as her three Oscar nominations, Boyle has been nominated for several other awards throughout her career as a costume designer and amongst those that she has won are an Emmy Award for the television film The Lion in Winter (2003), a Costume Designers Guild Award for The Queen (2006) and four Irish Film and Television Awards for The Queen (2006), Chéri (2009), The Iron Lady (2011) and Philomena (2013). In 2022, she was awarded UCD Alumnus of the Year in Arts and Humanities. Consolata Boyle is the recipient of the UCD Alumni Award 2022 in the Arts & Humanities [4] (#cite_note-4) Personal life [ edit ] She is married to Donald Taylor Black and they have one child. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) emarkable (1 September 2022). "Celebrating Success and Exceptional Achievement" (https://alumni.ucd.ie/magazine/2022/alumni-awards/) . UCD Connections . Retrieved 12 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Consolata Boyle - Stage & Screen Design Ireland" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171029104455/http://stageandscreendesignireland.ie/designers/consolata-boyle/) . Stageandscreendesignireland.ie . Archived from the original (http://stageandscreendesignireland.ie/designers/consolata-boyle/) on 29 October 2017 . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Consolata Boyle" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0102219/bio) . IMDb.com . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "UCD Alumni Awards 2022" (https://alumni.ucd.ie/awards/) . UCD Alumni Awards . Retrieved 12 October 2022 . External links [ edit ] Consolata Boyle (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0102219/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Contemporary Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Contemporary (1999–present) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (1999) Jeffrey Kurland (/wiki/Jeffrey_Kurland) (2000) Karen Patch (2001) Wendy Chuck (2002) Durinda Wood (2003) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2004) Danny Glicker (/wiki/Danny_Glicker) (2005) Consolata Boyle (2006) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (2007) Suttirat Anne Larlarb (/wiki/Suttirat_Anne_Larlarb) (2008) Doug Hall (2009) Amy Westcott (2010) Trish Summerville (/wiki/Trish_Summerville) (2011) Jany Temime (/wiki/Jany_Temime) (2012) Suzy Benzinger (2013) Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) (2014) Jenny Eagan (2015) Mary Zophres (/wiki/Mary_Zophres) (2016) Jennifer Johnson (2017) Mary E. Vogt (2018) Jenny Eagan (2019) Nancy Steiner (/wiki/Nancy_Steiner) (2020) Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) (2021) Jenny Eagan (2022) Sophie Canale (2023) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/249929363) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjdkwmFP9dWkJ3gTB3PcP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1061484548) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012070479) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1061484548.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐5k559 Cached time: 20240712183657 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.533 seconds Real time usage: 1.173 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2287/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33268/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2036/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30890/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.341/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6289754/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1089.791 1 -total 33.43% 364.308 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.28% 221.059 1 Template:Short_description 14.72% 160.394 1 Template:BLP_sources 14.71% 160.361 2 Template:Pagetype 14.04% 153.053 1 Template:Ambox 13.84% 150.854 1 Template:Reflist 10.21% 111.247 4 Template:Cite_web 9.63% 104.939 1 Template:Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film 9.40% 102.414 1 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38821892-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712183657 and revision id 1223161064. 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Indian actress Natasha Bharadwaj Bharadwaj in 2024 Born ( 1997-09-17 ) 17 September 1997 (age 26) Alma mater Jai Hind College (/wiki/Jai_Hind_College) , Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) Occupation Actress Years active 2018–present Title Miss Diva 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Diva_2016) ( Finalist ) Miss Diva 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Diva_2016) ( Miss Talented ) Natasha Bharadwaj is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi (/wiki/Hindi) web shows. Bharadwaj started her career as a contestant on the reality show India's Next Superstars (/wiki/India%27s_Next_Superstars) (2018), where she emerged as the winner. She then made her acting debut with the web series Pawan & Pooja (/wiki/Pawan_%26_Pooja) (2020). Bharadwaj is best known for her role in the series Mumbai Diaries 26/11 (/wiki/Mumbai_Diaries_26/11) (2021). [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Bharadwaj was born and brought up in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) on 17 September 1997. She completed her graduation from Jai Hind College (/wiki/Jai_Hind_College) , Mumbai. Bharadwaj participated in Miss Diva 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Diva_2016) , where she became one of the finalists and won the title "Yamaha Fascino Miss Talented". [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2018 India's Next Superstars (/wiki/India%27s_Next_Superstars) Contestant Winner [4] (#cite_note-4) Web series [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2020 Pawan & Pooja (/wiki/Pawan_%26_Pooja) Pooja Maheshwari [5] (#cite_note-5) 2021–present Mumbai Diaries 26/11 (/wiki/Mumbai_Diaries_26/11) Dr. Diya Parekh [6] (#cite_note-6) 2023 Ishq Next Door (/wiki/Ishq_Next_Door) Meher Kaur Sikka [7] (#cite_note-7) Music videos [ edit ] Year Title Singer Ref. 2022 Maan Meri Jaan King [8] (#cite_note-8) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Category Work Result Ref. 2022 Indian Television Academy Awards (/wiki/Indian_Television_Academy_Awards) Best Supporting Actress - Drama (OTT) Mumbai Diaries 26/11 (/wiki/Mumbai_Diaries_26/11) Won [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rediff Style (30 May 2023). "Why The Internet Loves Natasha Bharadwaj" (https://m.rediff.com/amp/getahead/report/why-the-internet-loves-natasha-bharadwaj/20230530.htm) . Rediff.com . Retrieved 29 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "2016 - Miss Diva Contestants - Miss Diva - Beauty Pageants" (https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/contestants/miss-diva-finalists-2016/contestantslist/53412916.cms) . Femina Miss India . Retrieved 25 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ishq Next Door actress Natasha Bharadwaj: When it comes to love, I am an old-school romantic" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/ishq-next-door-actress-natasha-bharadwaj-when-it-comes-to-love-i-am-an-old-school-romantic/cid/1952047) . Telegraph India . Retrieved 14 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Aman Gandotra, Natasha Bharadwaj and Shruti Sharma were declared winners of India's Next Superstars" (http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indias-next-superstars-winners-aman-gandotra-natasha-bharadwaj-5127299/) . The Indian Express . 7 April 2018 . Retrieved 8 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Pawan & Pooja trailer: Deepti Naval, Mahesh Manjrekar, Gul Panag, Sharman Joshi explore changing definitions of love" (https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pawan-pooja-trailer-deepti-naval-mahesh-manjrekar-gul-panag-explore-changing-definitions-of-love-8006651.html) . Firstpost . 5 February 2020 . Retrieved 18 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Nikkhil Advani on 'Mumbai Diaries 26/11' success: Overwhelming to see everyone's effort getting recognition" (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/nikkhil-advani-on-mumbai-diaries-2611-success-overwhelming-to-see-everyones-effort-getting-recognition-23192157) . Mid Day . 14 September 2021 . Retrieved 14 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Ishq Next Door Trailer: Abhay Mahajan, Natasha Bharadwaj, Mrinal Dutt, Purav Jha starrer series" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/hindi/ishq-next-door-trailer-abhay-mahajan-natasha-bharadwaj-mrinal-dutt-purav-jha-and-gopi-desai-starrer-ishq-next-door-official-trailer/videoshow/101302393.cms) . Times of India . Retrieved 28 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "WATCH - Trending music video 'Maan Meri Jaan' sung by King, starring Natasha Bharadwaj" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-trending-hindi-video-song-maan-meri-jaan-sung-by-king/videoshow/96394688.cms) . Times of India . Retrieved 25 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "List of awards and nominations received by Natasha Bharadwaj" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/natasha-bharadwaj/awards) . Times of India . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . External links [ edit ] Natasha Bharadwaj (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10019156/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k59qb Cached time: 20240721161233 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.441 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2236/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24778/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35948/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.195/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6594524/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 414.816 1 -total 35.60% 147.657 1 Template:Infobox_person 30.73% 127.465 1 Template:Reflist 25.61% 106.222 8 Template:Cite_web 18.11% 75.125 1 Template:Short_description 10.99% 45.576 2 Template:Pagetype 9.45% 39.188 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.08% 33.533 19 Template:Main_other 6.87% 28.513 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 5.30% 21.991 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74355099-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721161233 and revision id 1220145494. 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French fashion designer (born 1982) Romain Kremer Born ( 1982-04-01 ) 1 April 1982 (age 42) Villefranche de Rouergue (/wiki/Villefranche_de_Rouergue) , France (/wiki/France) Nationality French Known for fashion direction, fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , art direction (/wiki/Art_director) Awards 2005 Hyères Website www (http://www.romainkremer.com) .romainkremer (http://www.romainkremer.com) .com (http://www.romainkremer.com) Romain Kremer (born 1 April 1982 in Villefranche de Rouergue (/wiki/Villefranche_de_Rouergue) , Aveyron (/wiki/Aveyron) , France) is a French fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-depeche1-1) He graduated from the Duperré School of Decorative Arts in Paris in 2002, and the following year he went to work for firms like Christian Dior Monsieur (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) . Awards and distinctions [ edit ] In 2005 he won the Special Award for Creativity at the 20th Hyères International Fashion & Photography Festival. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Multidisciplinary projects [ edit ] Fondation Cartier [ edit ] In 2005 he choreographed and directed an installation-performance for the Fondation Cartier's (/wiki/Fondation_Cartier_pour_l%27Art_Contemporain) Nomadic Nights. [3] (#cite_note-3) en:trance [ edit ] In 2006, Romain Kremer took on a collaboration project with the choreographer Christian Rizzo. The project, dubbed en:trance, presented variations of workshops, conferences and exhibits and was a cooperation with the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts) , the Ecole nationale supérieure de création industrielle (/wiki/ENSCI) , the National Center for Visual Arts ( Centre national des arts plastiques (/wiki/Centre_national_des_arts_plastiques) : CNAP) and the Centre National de la Danse. Studio Harcourt [ edit ] In 2010, the Parisian photo studio, Studio Harcourt (/wiki/Studio_Harcourt) , photographed Romain Kremer's collection archives. Followed by an expo "Retrospectrum" which opened in Paris on 27 June 2010, then continued on a tour of Europe's principal fashion capitals. The pictures were subsequently featured in "L'Art du portrait selon Studio Harcourt : Secrets et techniques", a book published by the Studio Harcourt in December 2010. Fashion designer [ edit ] Romain Kremer [ edit ] In the wake of his Special Award for Creativity at Hyères, he launched, in 2005, his homonymous menswear brand. [4] (#cite_note-4) Notably presenting boys in sheer pink floor-length dresses for spring / summer 2009, it kept in with their masculinity. Often presenting futuristic and post-apocalyptic narratives [5] (#cite_note-5) to hard techno soundtracks, the New York Times stated that Romain Kremer knows how to create a fashion moment. [6] (#cite_note-6) The designer has been compared to Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) on GQ magazine, [7] (#cite_note-7) undeniably due to his Space Age approach to contemporary menswear. [8] (#cite_note-8) Romain Kremer stopped his brand as he was called to join Thierry Mugler in 2010. [9] (#cite_note-figaro_1-9) Mugler [ edit ] Rosemary Rodriguez's departure as artistic director of the house of Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) lands a triumvirate to the head of the Parisian house of couture's fashion departments: Romain Kremer as head menswear designer, Sébastien Peigné for womenswear and Nicola Formichetti (/wiki/Nicola_Formichetti) as creative director. [9] (#cite_note-figaro_1-9) From 2011 to 2013 Romain Kremer was the man responsible for men's ready-to-wear, in collaboration with Nicola Formichetti, and in January 2011 presented their first collection "Anatomy of change" for the house of Mugler. [10] (#cite_note-10) Fall / winter 2013-2014 marked another success for Mugler menswear as Romain Kremer designed the collection from a sharp linear style into a bold, rounded contemporary silhouette. Mission accomplished, according to the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . [11] (#cite_note-11) A few months later, in April 2013, the collaboration ended. [12] (#cite_note-12) Designer [ edit ] Camper [ edit ] The Spanish shoe brand, Camper (/wiki/Camper_(company)) is renowned for collaborating with a number of leading designers both for their collection lines and their stores, known as the Together project. In 2009, Camper (/wiki/Camper_(company)) called on Romain Kremer and the first Camper together with Romain Kremer shoes were shown in Paris for fall / winter 2010–2011. In 2014, the collaboration between Camper and Romain Kremer spans its 8th season. [13] (#cite_note-13) In June 2014 Camper appoints Kremer as the first ever creative director in the history of the company. [14] (#cite_note-14) Mykita [ edit ] 2009-2011: Romain Kremer collaborated with German eyewear specialist, Mykita (/wiki/Mykita) . Their first model, ROMAIN, based on ancient Inuit ocular protection and evoking vibes of war paint, with its metal shutters, was shown for spring / summer 2010. [15] (#cite_note-15) Their second season together gained international notoriety when Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) was spotted wearing the YURI, named after Yuri Gagarin (/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin) , the first man in space. [16] (#cite_note-senatus-16) The Los Angeles Times subsequently asked "who would wear this helmet?", while others labeled the limited-edition piece as eyewear couture [17] (#cite_note-17) For their last season together, Mykita and Romain Kremer presented the GORDON for spring / summer 2011. The lightweight model, inspired by goggles for soldering, [18] (#cite_note-18) was later worn by The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) ' Apl.de.ap (/wiki/Apl.de.ap) during the Super Bowl XLV (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLV) . [19] (#cite_note-19) See also [ edit ] London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-depeche1_1-0) "Le studio des stars pour l'aveyronnais Romain Kremer" (https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/07/23/878177-le-studio-des-stars-pour-l-aveyronnais-romain-kremer.html) . La Dépêche (/wiki/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_du_Midi) (in French) . Retrieved 17 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "L'oeil d'Hyères" (http://www.liberation.fr/culture/2005/05/05/l-oeil-hyeres_518710) . Libération (/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration) (in French) . Retrieved 21 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Les soirées nomades / Romain Kremer" (http://fondation.cartier.com/#/fr/art-contemporain/59/soirees-nomades/932/archives/1208/romain-kremer/) . Fondation Cartier (/wiki/Fondation_Cartier) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Romain Kremer Makes a Mean Modern Popeye" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/romain-kremer-paris-menswear-fall-2010) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Retrieved 1 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Romain Kremer Menswear Fall 2008: Postapocalyptic Hope" (http://fashionreporters.com/516/romain-kremer-menswear-fall-2008-postapocalyptic-hope/) . www.fashionreporters.com . Retrieved 1 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Alexandra MARSHALL. "New Kid on Le Block" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/style/tmagazine/07kremer.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Les ambitions de Romain Kremer" (http://www.gqmagazine.fr/mode/defiles/articles/les-ambitions-de-romain-kremer/5086) . GQ magazine (/wiki/GQ) (in French) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "New Kid on Le Block" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/sleeveless-mens-paris-spring-2011) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ a b "Rosemary Rodriguez quitte Thierry Mugler" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/rosemary-rodriguez-quitte-thierry-mugler-3163) . Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (in French) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Le styliste de Lady Gaga devient le directeur de la création de Thiery Mugle" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode/le-styliste-de-lady-gaga-devient-le-directeur-de-la-creation-de-thierry-mugler_919127.html) . L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) (in French) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Suzy MENKES. "On top of the world" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/18/fashion/on-top-of-the-world.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Thiery Mugler named creative advisor at Mugler" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/04/19/thierry-mugler-named-creative-advisor-at-mugler) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 30 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "ROMAIN KREMER FOR CAMPER" (http://www.fantasticman.com/recommendations/visions-of-shoes-romain-kremer-for-camper/) . Fantastic Man (/wiki/Fantastic_Man_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "CAMPER announces Romain Kremer as Creative Director" (http://www.vmagazine.com/site/content/2704/camper-announces-romain-kremer-as-creative-director) . V Magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) . Retrieved 19 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Mykita X Romain Kremer – Limited Edition ROMAIN Sunglasses" (http://www.freshnessmag.com/2009/10/08/mykita-x-romain-kremer-limited-edition-romain-sunglasses-november-release/) . FreshnessMagg . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-senatus_16-0) "Eyewear Couture from Space: The Yuri" (http://senatus.net/article/eyewear-couture-space-yuri/) . Senatus . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Would you wear this helmet? Mykita and Romain Kremer's surreal sunglasses ?" (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2010/09/would-you-wear-this-helmet-mykita-and-romain-kremers-surreal-sunglasses.html) . LA Times (/wiki/LA_Times) . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Latest MYKITA Collaborations" (http://www.zootmagazine.com/2010/10/19/latest-mykita-colaborations/) . zootmagazione.com . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Mykita & Romain Kremer Gordon Sunglasses" (http://coolspotters.com/sunglasses/mykita-and-romain-kremer-gordon-sunglasses/photos_videos/1101548#medium-1101548) . Coolspotters . Retrieved 17 June 2014 . Bibliography [ edit ] Studio Harcourt (2010). L'Art du portrait selon Studio Harcourt (in French). Pearson (/wiki/Pearson_PLC) . p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-74409-319-7 . 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This article may require cleanup (/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup) to meet Wikipedia's quality standards (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . The specific problem is: Much of the article is seemingly random collection of examples. Should be sourced to articles/books that survey the field rather than a WP:SYN (/wiki/Wikipedia:SYN) collection of examples. Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/African_design) if you can. ( August 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) African design encompasses many forms of expression and refers to the forms of design (/wiki/Design) from the continent of Africa (/wiki/Africa) and the African diaspora (/wiki/African_diaspora) including urban design (/wiki/Urban_design) , architectural design (/wiki/Architectural_design) , interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , product design (/wiki/Product_design) , art (/wiki/Art) , and fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) . Africa's many diverse countries are sources of vibrant design with African design influences visible in historical and contemporary art and culture around the world. The study of African design is still limited, particularly from the viewpoint of Africans, and the opportunity to expand its current definition by exploring African visual representations and introducing contemporary design applications remains immense. Key characteristics [ edit ] Like all forms of design, African design is defined by its creativity and continuous evolution. Design is a form of story-telling and it is a medium through which those stories are told. In 2009, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (/wiki/Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie) spoke on "The Danger of a Single Story" which has become one of the top ten most-viewed TED Talks of all time. For years African design has been stereotyped, represented by ethnic prints and earthy colors and textures. Yet with 54 countries and an estimated total of over 1.2 billion people in Africa (/wiki/Africa) as of 2018, in addition to 210 million people across the African diaspora (/wiki/African_diaspora) ( Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) , the Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean) , and the United States (/wiki/United_States) ), African design is not limited to a single aesthetic or singular history; rather it is multifaceted and influenced its local and global context, both historical and present-day, in which the designer or consumer lives. African design is rooted in rich heritage, techniques, and craftsmanship. As contemporary (/wiki/Contemporary) African designers move on from externally imposed definitions of the colonial era, they acknowledge African traditional craft and craftsmanship is where they draw inspiration: preserving the past by putting a focus on their heritage and traditions while remaining open to global influences and technology. An example is the architecture of the Kenyan National Library, [1] (#cite_note-1) which was inspired by the Djembe (/wiki/Djembe) drum. Across Africa, sustainable design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) focusing on social responsibility and the environment is important and the use of locally sourced natural materials has always been part of the African design process. As stated by Professor Mugendi K M’Rithaa “It is about design for, and with, society [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) .” History of African design [ edit ] The generation of wealth in African societies facilitated their development of design. For centuries, African kingdoms generated wealth from trading natural resources with other Africans and later Arabs and Europeans. The Asante Empire (/wiki/Ashanti_Empire) ’s dominance over the gold trade has been documented. Similarly, rich agricultural societies of Central Africa and Southern Africa exchanged goods with the Portuguese since the 16th century. This wealth spurred local design and creativity across architecture, art, textiles, and other design forms. Examples include the 11th century Great Zimbabwe (/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe) and the other 200 mortarless wall cities throughout Southern Africa as well as the Benin Bronzes (/wiki/Benin_Bronzes) created from the 13th century in the Benin Empire (present-day Nigeria). Textile weaving also flourished due to patronage by kings, chiefs, and other royals and aristocrats for ceremonial occasions such as birth, marriage, and funerals. In Nigeria, the ancient city of Kano (/wiki/Kano_(city)) was known for its highly developed textile industry and indigo dyeing-pits. In Central Africa, the Bamileke (/wiki/Bamileke_people) bought beads to decorate thrones and ceremonial clothing thereby enhancing their importance. External influences, particularly religion, also impacted design across Africa. Religion's requirements for modesty encouraged the adoption of clothing. The arrival of Islam in the 11th century in West Africa and later Christianity in the 1450s in Cape Verde which spread along the West African coast and then inland stimulated local production of stripwoven cloths as well as demand for imported fabrics. In East Africa, cotton was introduced by Arabs in Ethiopia which spurred cotton-growing and weaving industries to turn cotton into textiles. Headpiece (South Africa), 1870s (CH 18471617) Textiles [ edit ] Main article: African textiles (/wiki/African_textiles) Historically, textiles were used as a form of money in West Africa and Central Africa. There are records of cloth being used as money (/wiki/Money) since the fourteenth century. Pieces were made identical in size, efficiently carried, and exchanged in quantities based on the value of the item or trade. [5] (#cite_note-5) Across Africa, there are many distinct local styles of textiles. Wealthy individuals and traders required different types of locally-woven and imported cloth to enhance their prestige, driving demand. The Kuba in Cameroon and Congo has one of the widest range of textile skills in Africa including weaving cloth from leaves of raphia palm as well as embroidery, appliqué, cut-pile, and resist dyeing techniques. African Textile Design Pattern Metalwork and goldsmithing [ edit ] Further information: Ghana Akan goldweights (/wiki/Akan_goldweights) , Benin Bronzes (/wiki/Benin_Bronzes) African Trumbash – Mangbetu curved knife Art [ edit ] Further information Prehistoric African Art (/wiki/Prehistoric_art) , African Art thematic elements, history and influence (/wiki/African_art) , Museum of Black Civilisations (/wiki/Museum_of_Black_Civilisations) Architecture [ edit ] Further information: Architecture of Africa (/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa) , Moroccan Architecture (/wiki/Moroccan_architecture) Influence on global design [ edit ] Further information: African Art in Western Collections (/wiki/African_art_in_Western_collections) Traditional chair from Rwanda Contemporary African Design [ edit ] Design is playing an important role as African designers move on from externally imposed definitions of the colonial era and redefine African design on their own terms. African designers acknowledge traditional craft and craftsmanship in contemporary designs. This places a focus on their heritage and traditions while remaining open to global influences and technology, and creates contemporary designs that take into account social sustainability and environmental sustainability needs of each region. Institutions [ edit ] There are several institutions that showcase and support the study of African design, with an increasing focus on the perspective of Africans and the African diaspora. Dakar Biennale (/wiki/Dakar_Biennale) : Conceived as a celebration of African literature, craft, and visual arts in 1989, the Biennale has focused on contemporary African art and design since 1996. Based in Dakar, Senegal, the exhibition takes place every two years and has evolved into one of the largest shows comprising African design. Design Indaba (/wiki/Design_Indaba) : Founded in 1995, Design Indaba is an annual design conference in Cape Town, South Africa. As the Southern Hemisphere's biggest creative conference, its goal is to enable a better world through creativity. The conference curates speakers from all the creative sectors including graphic design, advertising, film, music, fashion design, industrial design, architecture, visual art, new media, publishing, broadcasting, and performing arts. At the 2019 conference, ÖVERALLT, a high-profile collaboration between Swedish furniture brand IKEA and 10 African artists including from five countries, was unveiled. The designers included Selly Raby Kane, Issa Diabaté, [6] (#cite_note-6) Laduma Ngxokolo (/w/index.php?title=Laduma_Ngxokolo&action=edit&redlink=1) founder of Maxhosa, [7] (#cite_note-7) and Sindiso Khumalo. [8] (#cite_note-8) This limited-edition collection of African-inspired tableware, furniture, and textiles has been available for purchase across all IKEA markets since May 2019 [9] (#cite_note-9) Design Week Lagos (/wiki/Design_Week_Lagos) : Annuel design festival founded in 2019 by designer Titi Ogufere (/wiki/Titi_Ogufere) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Museum of African Design: [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Based in the Maboneng Precinct in Johannesburg, this is Africa's first museum dedicated to design. The museum is not a collecting museum and therefore does not have permanent collections. It is a space that, through collaboration with partner institutions, explores the evolving African continent and the African diaspora through exhibitions, installations, and showcase events. The museum officially opened in October 2013. Black Artists & Designers Guild (BADG): [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Founded in 2018 by Malene Barnett, an artist based in Brooklyn, New York, to address the lack of representation of Black talent and culture in the design industry. Barnett describes it as "a curated collective of black artists and designers throughout the African diaspora." 54kibo: Brooklyn based distributor and proponent of African design founded by Nana Quagraine (/w/index.php?title=Nana_Quagraine&action=edit&redlink=1) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Art [ edit ] Further information: Contemporary African Art, Contemporary African Art exhibitions (/wiki/Contemporary_African_art) , World Festival of Black Arts (/wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts) , Museum of Black Civilisations (/wiki/Museum_of_Black_Civilisations) , The Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Zeitz_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Africa) and Art X Lagos (/wiki/ART_X_Lagos) Further information: African American Art (/wiki/African-American_art) , Influence of African Art on Western Art (/wiki/African_art) and General concept of Art (/wiki/Art) , Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) : Before Yesterday We Could Fly (/wiki/Before_Yesterday_We_Could_Fly) Architectural design [ edit ] Further information: Architecture of Africa (/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa) , David Adjaye (/wiki/David_Adjaye) , Architect Africa Film Festival (/wiki/Architect_Africa_Film_Festival) , Moroccan Architecture (/wiki/Moroccan_architecture) Furniture [ edit ] Leading Contemporary African furniture designers include Bibi Seck (/w/index.php?title=Bibi_Seck&action=edit&redlink=1) , co-founder of Birsel + Seck (/wiki/Ayse_Birsel) and Malian designer Cheick Diallo (/w/index.php?title=Cheick_Diallo_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) whose MO armchair, made using a combination of fishing wire stretched over a metal frame, is inspired by traditional traps used by Malian fishermen. The chair has been highly regarded as a perfect mixture of material, ergonomics, and local aesthetic in an elegant, somewhat sculptural furniture piece. The designs of Jomo Tariku (/w/index.php?title=Jomo_Tariku&action=edit&redlink=1) , an Ethiopian American artist and industrial designer who draws on his experiences of African design and various African cultures in Kenya and Ethiopia, has been featured at the 2017 International Contemporary Furniture Fair (ICFF) (/wiki/International_Contemporary_Furniture_Fair) and well-recognized design magazines including Architectural Digest (/wiki/Architectural_Digest) , Elle Decor (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Dwell (/wiki/Dwell_(magazine)) . Ini Archibong (/wiki/Ini_Archibong) , an American born artist and designer of Nigerian heritage, has designed furniture for Bernhard Design (/wiki/Bernhardt_Design) , Sé, and Knoll (/wiki/Knoll,_Inc.) . Works by both Tariku and Archibong are included in the Afrofuturist Period Room (/wiki/Before_Yesterday_We_Could_Fly) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (MET) in New York. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Nigerian Jean Servais Somian (/w/index.php?title=Jean_Servais_Somian&action=edit&redlink=1) , [23] (#cite_note-23) who spends his time between Africa and Europe teaching classes, infuses his creations with elements of ancestrality, reflected in his choice of materials (coconut wood, ebony, or acacia) and revisited objects of everyday African life like basins, sponge, or old fishermen's canoes. Yinka Ilori (/wiki/Yinka_Ilori) , [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) based in London, fuses together his British and Nigerian heritage to tell new stories in contemporary design. His work draws inspiration from traditional Nigerian parables and West African fabrics that surrounded him as a child. South Africa-based design company Dokter & Misses [26] (#cite_note-26) develop interior solutions for private and corporate clients as well as educational institutions all over the world, including MTV, Nike, and the University of Johannesburg, and continue to support and promote South African design. Paying homage to his cultural ties, Hamed Ouattara (/w/index.php?title=Hamed_Ouattara&action=edit&redlink=1) 's [27] (#cite_note-27) designs highlight Burkina Faso's artisanal metal-working heritage and address a modern global audience, including international galleries and important collectors, through African innovation. Recently deceased in April 2015 while preparing for his show in London, Babacar M’Bodj Niang (/w/index.php?title=Babacar_M%E2%80%99Bodj_Niang&action=edit&redlink=1) , founder of Nulangee Studio [28] (#cite_note-28) in Senegal, sculpted furniture out of local, discarded wood that was sourced by the community kids and adults he employed. [29] (#cite_note-29) Tekura Designs’ [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) djembe side table, sustainably made from wood offcuts in Ghana's forests, draws inspiration from the West African djembe drum (/wiki/Djembe) . Nigerian architect and designer Tosin Oshinowo (/wiki/Tosin_Oshinowo) ’s furniture brand Ilé Ilà produces furniture inspired by Yoruba culture. Emerging designers include South African's Candice Lawrence (/w/index.php?title=Candice_Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1) , [32] (#cite_note-32) inspired by the textures, people, and environment where she lives, has remodeled Ndebele (/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_people) necklaces into handcrafted lighting pendants that have been featured in Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and Top Billing South Africa (/wiki/Top_Billing_(magazine)) . Sifiso Shange (/w/index.php?title=Sifiso_Shange&action=edit&redlink=1) was recognized in 2019 for Best New Talent at the 100% Design South Africa showcase (one of Africa's leading exhibitions for contemporary design), for a design created in collaboration with established designer John Vogel whose signature chairs and furniture incorporate local materials and woven techniques. [33] (#cite_note-33) Textiles [ edit ] Multidisciplinary artist and textile designer, Aboubakar Fofana (/w/index.php?title=Aboubakar_Fofana_(textile_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) , is one of the world's foremost practitioners of fermented indigo vat dyeing and mineral mud-dye techniques and is known for his work in reinvigorating Mali's nearly lost tradition of natural indigo dyeing and redefining West African indigo dyeing techniques. Based in Bamako, Mali, Fofana, utilizes the finest hand-woven fabrics and travels globally to lead workshops on indigo dyeing techniques. [34] (#cite_note-34) Senegalese textile designer Aissa Dione (/w/index.php?title=Aissa_Dione&action=edit&redlink=1) creates luxurious fabrics using locally-grown cotton and Senegal's ancient, ancestral know-how. [35] (#cite_note-35) With a customer base including global brands Hermés, Fendi, Christian Liaigre, and Peter Marino, Aïssa serves the highest end interior design brands. Her designs and fabrics grace major design salons, from Paris to Johannesburg and New York. In 2019, Aissa Dione designed the interiors at Kehinde Wiley (/wiki/Kehinde_Wiley) 's Black Rock artists’ residence in Dakar (the buildings were designed by Senegalese architect Abib Djenne (/w/index.php?title=Abib_Djenne&action=edit&redlink=1) ). [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Other established textile designers include Nigerian Eva Sonaike (/w/index.php?title=Eva_Sonaike&action=edit&redlink=1) , [38] (#cite_note-38) Haitian brand Yael et Valerie, Conakry, Guinea based Tensira, Ethiopian textile designer Sabahar, and Egyptian rug maker Kilim practicing traditional hand-weaving techniques. Basket weaving and beadwork [ edit ] With key hubs in Southern Africa, East Africa, and West Africa, designers and artisans weave eco-friendly functional and decorative baskets using available and sustainable natural fibers like sisal grass in Eswatini and raffia in Ghana. Some examples of leading designers include Zenzulu basket designs which are handmade and fairly traded, ensuring sustainable incomes for more than 350 artisans in South Africa. Zenzulu has been awarded the Elle Decoration International Design Award in 2002. The designs have been showcased in Design Made in Africa. Established in 1985, producer Tintsaba is recognized as an industry leader, working with over 1000 Swazi artisans including 20 Master Weavers. Gone Rural is another, named by Travel & Leisure as one of three brands making waves in sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) and housewares. In Tanzania, Sidai Designs collaborates with Maasai weavers to merge their techniques with a modern aesthetic. Contemporary artists like AAKS maintain the traditional legacy of weaving using raffia to create modern handbags and lighting. Modern music and clothing [ edit ] Africa as a whole is made up of many different and diverse cultures and has inspired many different fashions and music styles. African imagery can be seen a lot in black communities and Afro communities throughout the world, for example, Europe and North America. Kerby Jean-Raymond (/wiki/Kerby_Jean-Raymond) a Haitian-American designer who works with fashion and form, the main focus being street fashion and street wear to create unique forms and shape. His brand name is Pyer Moss (/wiki/Pyer_Moss) . The brand saw a growth spurt in 2015 caused by collaborating with sports. [39] (#cite_note-39) Yinka Shonibare (/wiki/Yinka_Shonibare) is a British-Nigerian artist who works with sculptural forms. Influences of African design can be seen in the print style, pattern, and color of the fabrics chosen in each sculpture made. There is a Victorian era twist that takes place with leads to the commentary of colonization (/wiki/Colonization) and colonialism (/wiki/Colonialism_in_Africa) that took place in African when world powers were expanding. [40] (#cite_note-40) Afro-Punk or Afro Punk Festival (/wiki/Afropunk_Festival) is a popular festival where afrocentric alternative fashion and culture is celebrated and first came to be in 2005. Afro beat (/wiki/Afrobeat) is a popular music type played at the festival which takes great influence of West African music (/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa) and American Jazz as well as Soul (/wiki/Soul_music) and Funk music (/wiki/Funk) . Many different elements from African diverse cultures take form in Afro punk music and clothing style, a big focus is on reclaiming the natural look of Afrocentric (/wiki/Afrocentrism) hairstyles and hair types which is looked down upon in Eurocentric (/wiki/Eurocentrism) beauty standers of then and today. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Aaki Consultants designs Kenya's National Library, inspired by the Iconic African Drum" (https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cvcgg/aaki_consultants_designs_kenya_s_national_library_inspired_by_the_iconic_african_drum.html) . World Architecture Community . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hargrove, Georgia Murray,Channing. "Where To Find The Coolest African Designers Online" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/06/203184/frican-designers-shopping-guide-industrie-africa) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mugendi K M'Rithaa" (https://www.designindaba.com/profiles/mugendi-k-mrithaa) . Design Indaba . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Contemporary Design Africa" (https://www.atelier55design.com/contemporary-design-africa/) . atelier 55 – Contemporary African Design . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cloth and Society" (https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/an-introduction-to-sub-saharan-african-textiles/cloth-and-society/) . Adire African Textiles . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Koffi & Diabaté Group | Issa Diabaté" (https://koffi-diabate.com/en/the-group/issa-diabat%C3%A9) . koffi-diabate.com . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) AFRICA, MAXHOSA. "MAXHOSA AFRICA" (https://maxhosa.africa/) . maxhosa.africa . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sindiso Khumalo" (https://www.sindisokhumalo.com/) . Sindiso Khumalo . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "IKEA teams up with top African designers to launch Överallt furniture collection" (https://www.dezeen.com/2019/02/28/ikea-design-indaba-african-designers-overallt-furniture-homeware/) . Dezeen . 2019-02-28 . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "DWL showcases design varieties" (https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/dwl-showcases-design-varieties/) . The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News . 2022-10-22 . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) updated, Ugonna-Ora Owoh last (2022-10-30). "Design Week Lagos 2022 celebrates creativity and innovation in West Africa and beyond" (https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/design-week-lagos-2022) . wallpaper.com . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Design Indaba 2020 | Dezeen Events Guide" (https://www.dezeen.com/eventsguide/2020/02/design-indaba-2020/) . Dezeen . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "design indaba 2020 | designboom.com" (https://www.designboom.com/tag/design-indaba-2020/) . designboom | architecture & design magazine . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "MOAD, Museum of African Design" (https://coolhunting.com/design/moad-museum-of-african-design/) . COOL HUNTING® . 2013-11-13 . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Goodman, Wendy (2019-03-14). "This New Group Champions Representation in the Art and Design Worlds" (https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/black-artists-designers-guild.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Keller, Hadley. "The Black Artists + Designers Guild Aims to Increase Black Representation in the Design World" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/black-artists-and-designers-guild-black-representation-in-the-design-world-malene-b) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Curkin, Charles (2019-03-18). "The Black Artists + Designers Guild is a Creative Force Shaking Up the Design World" (https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/a26856336/black-artists-and-designers-guild/) . ELLE Decor . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Rutter, Samuel (2020-04-03). "Where to Donate to Bolster a Quieted Arts Scene" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/t-magazine/where-to-donate-arts-coronavirus.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Akkam, Alia (2020-10-21). "African Design Gets Its Very First Wikipedia Entry" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/african-design-gets-its-very-first-wikipedia-entry) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved 2022-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "About Us – 54kibo Online Shop" (https://54kibo.com/pages/about-us) . 54kibo . Retrieved 2022-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Jomo Tariku, Mido Chair" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/846920) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Archibong, Ini. "Search The Collection (MET Museum)" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Ini+Archibong&sortBy=Relevance&pageSize=0) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "SOMIAN DESIGN | Jean Servais Somian" (http://www.somiandesign.com/bio.php) . www.somiandesign.com . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) agency, Field-digital design and branding. "About – Yinka Ilori" (https://yinkailori.com/about) . Yinka Ilori Studio . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Yinka Ilori: Parables for Happiness review – the brighter the better" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/sep/25/yinka-ilori-parables-for-happiness-design-museum-london-review) . the Guardian . 2022-09-25 . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Misses, Dokter and. "About" (https://www.dokterandmisses.com/pages/about) . DOKTER AND MISSES . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "New Recycled Design Collection by Hamed Ouattara | Out of Africa Gallery | Artsy" (https://www.artsy.net/show/out-of-africa-gallery-new-recycled-design-collection-by-hamed-ouattara) . www.artsy.net . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "50Golborne | African Art Gallery | London" (https://www.50golborne-artdesign.com/babacar-niang) . 50golborne . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Toromade, Samson (2017-04-06). "A tribute to Senegalese sculptor" (https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/babacar-mbodj-niang-a-tribute-to-senegalese-sculptor/1163t8k) . Pulse Ghana . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Upcycled Natural Wooden Furniture Designs by Tekura's Audrey Forson" (https://54kibo.com/blogs/the-summit/upcycled-natural-wooden-furniture-designs-tekura) . 54kibo . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Forson, Josephine. "About Tekura" (https://www.designtekura.com/index.php/site/aboutus/id/7) . www.designtekura.com . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Q&A: Modern Gesture" (https://54kibo.com/blogs/the-summit/candice-lawrence-modern-gesture-pendant-lighting) . 54kibo . Retrieved 2020-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Rising Star: Sifiso Shange is a Young Designer to Watch" (https://visi.co.za/rising-star-sifiso-shange/) . Visi . 2022-08-22 . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Sauphie, Eva (2021-08-16). "Indigo, so much more than just a colour" (https://www.theafricareport.com/114294/indigo-so-much-more-than-just-a-colour/) . The Africa Report.com . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Aissa Dione" (https://www.artforum.com/print/201607/aissa-dione-63002) . www.artforum.com . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Jackson, Brian Keith (2019-04-14). "Inside Kehinde Wiley's New Cliffside Live-Work Compound in Senegal" (https://www.thecut.com/2019/04/tour-kehinde-wiley-art-annex-in-dakar-senegal.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Sayej, Nadja (2019-04-22). "Kehinde Wiley Tries His Hand at Design with a New Artist Residency in Senegal" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/kehinde-wiley-new-artist-residency-black-rock-senegal) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Arnold, Joshua. "Inside interior designer Eva Sonaike's pattern-filled family home" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/inside-interior-designer-eva-sonaikes-pattern-filled-family-home-6pv0pbh8m) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 2022-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "African-American influence in modern fashion" (https://www.thecourieronline.co.uk/african-american-influence-in-modern-fashion/) . The Courier Online . Retrieved 2021-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Feingold, Sarah. "Yinka Shonibare And His Afro-Victorian Inspired Art Is Blowing Our Minds – NBGA MAG – No Basic Girls Allowed" (https://nobasicgirlsallowed.com/yinka-shonibare-and-his-afro-victorian-inspired-art-is-blowing-our-minds/) . Retrieved 2021-03-29 . 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Lillian Koreia Born Lillian Koreia Mpasta Malawi (/wiki/Malawi) . Nationality Malawian (/wiki/Malawi) Occupation Fashion Designer Lillian Koreia , born Lillian Koreia, is a Malawian Fashion designer and entrepreneur best known as the creator of Fashion brand, Miizu which was founded in 2013 and launched in Blantyre in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-1) She mixes local and international fabrics to create everyday wear for Malawian women. The fashion brand, Miizu means “roots” which is indicative of the designs which are rooted in the experiences of Malawian everyday living. She focuses on striking styles that have a diverse utility. [2] (#cite_note-2) It focuses on off the rack ready-to -wear fashion. The Miizu its first store in 2014 in Blantyre and is looking to expand to other parts of the country. She represented Malawi at Africa Fashion Week, London in 2015. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Background [ edit ] She went to Saint Andrews International High School (/wiki/Saint_Andrews_International_High_School) and then to college in London at University of Brighton (/wiki/University_of_Brighton) , where she studied Business Studies & Law. She then did her master's degree in entrepreneurial management at European Business School. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She is the daughter of business entrepreneur, Jimmy Koreia Mpatsa. [7] (#cite_note-7) Fashion shows [ edit ] African Fashion Week London 2015 – “Broken Pieces Collection” [8] (#cite_note-8) Malawi at 50 Fashion Show, Washington DC 2015 [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "AFWL 2015 DESIGNER PROFILE | MIIZU" (http://www.africafashionweeklondon.com/news/2015/6/14/afwl-2015-designer-profile-miizu) . Africa Fashion Week London . Retrieved 2018-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "AFRICA FASHION WEEK LONDON: MIIZU BY LILLE - Populaire" (http://www.populairelife.co.uk/?p=11615) . Populaire . 2015-08-17 . Retrieved 2018-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Miizu collection at Africa fashion week london 2015 (AFWL2015) | FashionCadet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183903/http://www.fashioncadet.com/content/miizu-collection-africa-fashion-week-london-2015-afwl2015) . Archived from the original (http://www.fashioncadet.com/content/miizu-collection-africa-fashion-week-london-2015-afwl2015) on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2019-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Designer off to UK - the Times Group Malawi" (http://www.times.mw/designer-off-to-uk/) . 29 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Lillian Koreia launches her fashion house Miizu - Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi" (http://www.nyasatimes.com/lillian-koreia-launches-her-fashion-house-miizu/) . Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi . 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Lillian koreia: the fashion enthusiast - The Nation Online" (http://mwnation.com/lillian-koreia-the-fashion-enthusiast/) . The Nation Online . 2016-03-13 . Retrieved 2018-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Designer off to UK - the Times Group Malawi" (http://www.times.mw/designer-off-to-uk/) . 29 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Malawicultures | Lillian Mpatsa will exhibit at the Africa Fashion Week London 2015" (http://malawi.spla.pro/en/file.news.lillian-mpatsa-will-exhibit-at-the-africa-fashion.18698.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Nkhata, Agness. "MALAWI at 50 Golden Jubilee Celebration Washington D.C." (http://www.dallasweekly.com/news/afro_caribbean/article_6ccc9c44-0c5d-11e4-95de-0017a43b2370.html) The Dallas Weekly . Retrieved 2018-05-05 . 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Cap, Comforter Lord Lovat (/wiki/Simon_Fraser,_15th_Lord_Lovat) and other British commandos wearing cap comforters in 1942 Place of origin United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Service history In service 19th century–Present Used by United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Australia (/wiki/Australia) Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Wars First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) Afghanistan War (/wiki/Afghanistan_War) Form of woollen headgear A cap comforter is a form of woollen (/wiki/Woollen) military headgear (/wiki/Headgear) originating in the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) . It is a cylinder of knitted wool, similar to a short scarf (/wiki/Scarf) , that is typically fitted over the head and fashioned into a hat. It can be worn comfortably underneath a Brodie helmet (/wiki/Brodie_helmet) , and is often sewn shut at one or both ends. The cap comforter bears no insignia, and can be easily stowed without being creased. History [ edit ] Cap comforters were introduced in the late 19th century as informal working headdress for British soldiers performing manual labour at camp, and as a comfortable undress cap on active service. First World War [ edit ] Trench (/wiki/Trench_raiding) raiders (/wiki/Trench_raiding) wearing cap comforters in various ways in 1916 Cap comforters were worn during the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) as a warm alternative to the service dress cap (/wiki/Peaked_cap#United_Kingdom) , as the fabric could be pulled low over the ears in the cold winter trenches. Their casual and non-rigid silhouette (/wiki/Silhouette) made them an ideal item for night time trench raids (/wiki/Trench_raiding) . Second World War [ edit ] In the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , soldiers in many British and Canadian regiments wore cap comforters during field training and while carrying out manual tasks. [1] (#cite_note-1) Commandos [ edit ] The Commando Memorial (/wiki/Commando_Memorial) depicts three soldiers wearing the cap comforter The British commandos (/wiki/British_commandos) were an international force recruited from across various Allied (/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II) units, many with distinctive headdresses. As a solution to this lack of uniformity, commando units adopted their own practical headgear. No. (/wiki/No._1_Commando) 1 (/wiki/No._1_Commando) Commando (/wiki/No._1_Commando) chose the green beret (/wiki/Green_beret) in imitation of the Royal Armoured Corps (/wiki/Royal_Armoured_Corps) , whereas No. (/wiki/No._2_Commando) 2 (/wiki/No._2_Commando) and No. (/wiki/No._9_Commando) 9 (/wiki/No._9_Commando) adopted the Scottish (/wiki/Scotland) tam o' shanter (/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)) . Other units, including No. (/wiki/No._4_Commando) 4 (/wiki/No._4_Commando) Commando (/wiki/No._4_Commando) (and US Army Rangers (/wiki/US_Army_Rangers) attached during the Dieppe Raid (/wiki/Dieppe_Raid) ), adopted the cap comforter as their headdress, because it had no prior affiliation with a nation or regiment. [2] (#cite_note-2) In autumn 1942, the War Office (/wiki/War_Office) approved the green beret (/wiki/Green_beret) as the official commando headgear, though the cap comforter continued to be worn, already synonymous with the apparel of the commandos. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Post-war [ edit ] Canada [ edit ] Canada had issued a number of knit headgear items since 1945, though the term "cap comforter" has been replaced with "toque." United Kingdom [ edit ] The British Army has stopped issuing cap comforters, replacing them instead with headovers [5] (#cite_note-5) - similar items based on Wehrmacht (/wiki/Wehrmacht) toques (/wiki/Toque) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Headovers are not sewn at the ends, and so can be worn like balaclavas (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) . However, cap comforters are still used by units with links to the original commandos. Troops undertaking the Royal Marines (/wiki/Royal_Marines) or All Arms (/wiki/All_Arms_Commando_Course) Commando Courses at CTCRM (/wiki/CTCRM) still wear them after the pass-in tests. [7] (#cite_note-7) Netherlands [ edit ] Dutch (/wiki/Netherlands) Korps Commandotroepen (/wiki/Korps_Commandotroepen) also wear the headgear until they pass their selection course, after which they are qualified to wear a green beret. [8] (#cite_note-8) Wikimedia Commons has media related to cap comforter (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cap_comforter) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Cap comforter, 1942 (c)" (https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1983-01-116-10) . National Army Museum . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Americas First European Raiders" (https://foxholefashion.wordpress.com/2015/07/03/1st-ranger-battalion-august-1942-americas-first-european-raiders-dieppe-france/) . Foxhole Fashion . 3 July 2015 . Retrieved 7 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Konstam, Angus (17 Nov 2016). British Commando 1940–45 . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 23. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cap Comforter: British Army" (https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30101240) . Imperial War Museum . Retrieved 11 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "British Army Headover" (https://www.anchorsupplies.com/british-army-headover.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Cap Comforter" (http://hatguide.co.uk/cap-comforter/) . Hat Guide . 19 April 2011. p. 19 April 2011 . Retrieved 10 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "185 Troop Week 26 & 27" (https://ctcrm.wordpress.com/2014/12/10/185-troop-week-26-27/) . 10 December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Leo van Westerhoven (27 January 2003). "Earning the Green Beret" (https://www.dutchdefencepress.com/earning-the-green-beret/) . Dutch Defence Press . Retrieved 10 August 2019 . v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie 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South Korean rapper and singer (born 1997) In this Korean name (/wiki/Korean_name) , the family name is Kim (/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)) . Mingyu 김민규 Mingyu in March 2024 Background information Birth name Kim Min-gyu Born ( 1997-04-06 ) April 6, 1997 (age 27) Anyang (/wiki/Anyang,_Gyeonggi) , South Korea Occupation(s) Singer songwriter Musical career Genres K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) Instrument(s) Vocals Years active 2015–present Labels Pledis (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) Member of Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 김민규 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 金 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%91) 珉 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8F%89) 奎 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%8E) Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Gim Mingyu McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Kim Minkyu Kim Min-gyu ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 김민규 ; born April 6, 1997), professionally known mononymously (/wiki/Mononymously) as Mingyu (Korean: 민규 ), is a Korean rapper and singer. Managed by Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) , he is a member of the idol group (/wiki/Korean_idol) Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] 2013–2014: Pre-debut [ edit ] Mingyu joined Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) in 2012, where we would undergo singing and dancing training for four years. [2] (#cite_note-scmp-2) As a trainee, he participated from the first season onwards of Seventeen TV (/wiki/Seventeen_TV) , an online reality show that introduced Pledis' trainees and showed potential members of the boy group Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) before their official debut. The show was broadcast periodically on Ustream (/wiki/Ustream) , where the trainees showed themselves training, singing, creating choreographies and playing games. [3] (#cite_note-3) The online show also included participation in concerts, titled Like Seventeen . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Before officially debuting, Mingyu was featured in music videos of other Pledis artists at the time, include Nu'est (/wiki/Nu%27est) and Hello Venus (/wiki/Hello_Venus) . [2] (#cite_note-scmp-2) 2015–present: Seventeen and solo activities [ edit ] In 2015, Mingyu debuted as a member of the South Korean boy group Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) with the extended play (/wiki/Extended_play) 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) on May 29. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Since debuting in Seventeen, he has participated in the songwriting of over 45 songs. [8] (#cite_note-komca-8) In February 2018, Mingyu was announced as the new MC for weekly SBS' Music Show Inkigayo (/wiki/Inkigayo) alongside Jung Chae-yeon (/wiki/Jung_Chae-yeon) of DIA and actor Song Kang (/wiki/Song_Kang) . [9] (#cite_note-9) He held the role until late 2019. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2021, Mingyu and Seventeen bandmate Wonwoo (/wiki/Wonwoo) released a digital single titled "Bittersweet", featuring Lee Hi (/wiki/Lee_Hi) . [11] (#cite_note-11) "Bittersweet" ranked first on the iTunes song chart in ten regions upon release. [12] (#cite_note-12) Other ventures [ edit ] Fashion [ edit ] In 2022, Mingyu attended an event with French jeweler Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) in Seoul. [13] (#cite_note-13) He was later featured on the cover of Dazed Korea (/wiki/Dazed) ' s December issue again wearing the brand. [14] (#cite_note-14) In February 2023, Mingyu attended Italian fashion house Marni (/wiki/Marni_(brand)) 's Fall/Winter 2023 runway show in Tokyo. [15] (#cite_note-15) In February 2024, Mingyu attended French fashion house Dior (/wiki/Dior) 's show at Paris Fashion week, where he was profiled by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In June, he attended the opening of American fashion brand Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) 's new global flagship store in Paris. [17] (#cite_note-17) Ambassadorships [ edit ] In 2022, Mingyu was appointed as the ambassador of French cosmetic house Lancome (/wiki/Lancome) . [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2023, Mingyu was announced as the new global model for South Korean skincare brand Innisfree (/wiki/Innisfree_(brand)) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In March 2024, Mingyu was selected as the new local ambassador for Italian luxury brand Bvlgari (/wiki/Bvlgari) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In May 2024, Mingyu was announced as the new brand ambassador for French luxury skincare brand L'Occitane (/wiki/L%27Occitane) for Asia. [21] (#cite_note-21) Discography [ edit ] For Mingyu's works with Seventeen, see Seventeen discography (/wiki/Seventeen_discography) . Singles [ edit ] Title Year Peak chart positions Album KOR Down. (/wiki/Circle_Download_Chart) [22] (#cite_note-22) "Bittersweet" (with Wonwoo (/wiki/Wonwoo) , featuring Lee Hi (/wiki/Lee_Hi) ) 2021 43 Non-album single Composition credits [ edit ] All credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association (/wiki/Korea_Music_Copyright_Association) . [8] (#cite_note-komca-8) Year Artist Song Album Lyrics Music Credited With Credited With 2015 Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) "Ah Yeah" 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Fronting" ( 표정관리 ) (S.Coups, Hoshi, Wonwoo, Woozi, Mingyu and Vernon) Boys Be (/wiki/Boys_Be_(EP)) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Mansae" ( 만세 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Chuck" ( 엄지척 ) Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Dino, Vernon — "Hit Song" ( 유행가 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Dino, Vernon — "Drift Away" ( 떠내려가 ) (S.Coups, Jeonghan, Joshua, Mingyu, The8 and Seungkwan) S.Coups, Woozi, Hoshi, Seungkwan — "Monday to Saturday" ( 만세 ) (Hip Hop Team Version) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Love Letter" ( 사랑쪽지 ) S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — 2016 "Healing" ( 힐링 ) Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) - Repackage album S.Coups, Woozi, Dino, Vernon — "Space" ( 끝이안보여 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Beautiful" (Joshua, Hoshi, DK, Mingyu, The8, Dino) Going Seventeen (/wiki/Going_Seventeen) Bumzu, Woozi, Dino Bumzu, Lee Gi-yong, Woozi "Boom Boom" ( 붐붐 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Lean On Me" ( 기대 ) (Hip Hop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — 2017 "If I" (Hip Hop Team) Al1 (/wiki/Al1) S.Coups, Vernon — "Crazy In Love" Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon — "Without You" ( 모자를눌러쓰고 ) Teen, Age (/wiki/Teen,_Age) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Dino, Hoshi, Vernon, DK, The8, Jeonghan — "Clap" ( 박수 ) Bumzu, Woozi, Hoshi, DK, Jeonghan, Seungkwan — "Trauma" (Hip Hop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Hello" (Jun, Mingyu and DK) Bumzu, DK, Jun — "Campfire" ( 캠프파이어 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon, DK, Seungkwan, The8, Jeonghan — 2018 "Thinkin' About You" Director's Cut (/wiki/Teen,_Age) Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) , Dino, Vernon — "MMO" (Hip Hop Team) Non-album singles S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Joker" (Hip Hop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Un Haeng Il Chi" ( 언행일치 )( 言行一致 ) (Hip Hop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "What's the Problem" (Hip Hop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "What's Good" (Hip Hop Team) You Make My Day (/wiki/You_Make_My_Day) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Our Dawn Is Hotter Than Day" ( 우리의새벽은낮보다뜨겁다 ) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Chilli" ( 칠리 ) (Hip Hop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — 2019 "9-Teen" A-Teen 2 (/wiki/A-Teen_2) OST Part 2 Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi — "Lie Again" ( 거짓말을해 ) An Ode (/wiki/An_Ode) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon — "Let Me Hear You Say" Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon — "Back It Up" (Hip Hop Team) S.Coups, Wonwoo, Vernon — "Lucky" Bumzu, Woozi, Vernon, Seungkwan — "Snapshoot" Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon — 2020 "Together" ( 같이가요 ) Heng:garæ (/wiki/Heng:gar%C3%A6) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Hoshi — "Hey Buddy" (The8, DK and Mingyu) Semicolon (/wiki/Semicolon_(EP)) Bumzu, Woozi, DK, The8 Bumzu, Lee Gi-yong, Woozi, DK, The8, Lee Min-gyu 2021 Wonwoo and Mingyu "Bittersweet" (feat. Lee Hi (/wiki/Lee_Hi) ) Non-album single Bumzu, Wonwoo, Jo Yoon-kyeong — Seventeen "Ready to love" Your Choice (/wiki/Your_Choice) Bumzu, Danke, S.Coups, Woozi, hitman bang (/wiki/Bang_Si-hyuk) , Niko Kyler — "GAM3 BO1" (Hip Hop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon — "Heaven's Cloud" Woozi, Bumzu, S.Coups — "In The Soop" Non-album single Woozi, Wonwoo, Dino, Hoshi, Joshua, DK, Jeonghan — "I can't run away" ( 그리워하는것까지 ) (Hip Hop Team) Attacca (/wiki/Attacca_(EP)) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon Bumzu, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon, Lee Min-gyu 2022 "Domino" Face the Sun (/wiki/Face_the_Sun) Bumzu, Woozi, Jordan Witzigreuter (/wiki/Jordan_Witzigreuter) , Cameron Walker (/wiki/Cameron_Walker-Wright) , Sara Davis Bumzu, Woozi, Witzigreuter, Walker, Davis 2023 "Fire" (Hip Hop Team) FML Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon — " God of Music (/wiki/God_of_Music_(song)) " ( 음악의신 ) Seventeenth Heaven (/wiki/Seventeenth_Heaven) Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon — "Monster" (Hip Hop Team) Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon — "God of Light Music" ( 경음악의신 ) Non-album single Bumzu, S.Coups, Woozi, Vernon, Jun — 2024 "Lalali" (Hip Hop Team) 17 Is Right Here Bumzu, S.Coups, Wonwoo, Woozi, Vernon — Filmography [ edit ] Television series [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2017 Our Mamuang from Korea (Luang-ta Maha-chon) Mamuang Miniseries, Two episodes [23] (#cite_note-23) Television shows [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2016 2016 Dream Concert Host With Jeonghan and Jun [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) M Countdown (/wiki/M_Countdown) Host With Jeonghan [26] (#cite_note-26) 2017 KBS Song Festival Host With Jin (/wiki/Jin_(singer)) , Sana (/wiki/Sana_(singer)) , Chanyeol (/wiki/Park_Chanyeol) , Irene (/wiki/Irene_(singer)) , Solar (/wiki/Solar_(singer)) , Yerin (/wiki/Yerin_(entertainer)) and Kang Daniel (/wiki/Kang_Daniel) [27] (#cite_note-27) 2018–2019 Inkigayo (/wiki/Inkigayo) Host With Jung Chae-yeon (/wiki/Jung_Chae-yeon) and Song Kang (/wiki/Song_Kang) [28] (#cite_note-Inkigayo1-28) [29] (#cite_note-Inkigayo2-29) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Seventeen Profile (Pledis)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20240117031303/https://www.pledis.co.kr/en/artist/detail/seventeen/profile/) . Archived from the original (https://www.pledis.co.kr/en/artist/detail/seventeen/profile/) on January 17, 2024 . Retrieved January 17, 2024 . ^ a b Tubiera, Alecsandra (April 8, 2020). "5 things to know about Mingyu, lead rapper of K-pop band Seventeen" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3078966/5-things-know-about-kim-mingyu-lead-rapper-k-pop-band) . South China Morning Post . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Seventeen Vernon Fumbles with English; Fans Amused with His Korenglish" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170518124052/https://www.hofmag.com/seventeen-vernon-fumbles-with-english-fans-amused-with-his-korenglish/208619) . Hall of Fame Magazine . Archived from the original (https://www.hofmag.com/seventeen-vernon-fumbles-with-english-fans-amused-with-his-korenglish/208619) on May 18, 2017 . Retrieved February 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "세븐틴 세 번째 콘스트, 다양한 무대로 팬들 매료" (http://hei.hankyung.com/hub02/201311263531q) [Seventeen's third concert, captivated fans with various stages]. HEI (in Korean). November 23, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160315150533/http://hei.hankyung.com/hub02/201311263531q) from the original on March 15, 2016 . Retrieved February 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "세븐틴, 데뷔전 마지막 콘서트 연다..'최종 점검' (http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) " (http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) [Seventeen, last concert before debut revealed...'the final check']. Osen (in Korean). August 12, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210123143342/http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109927555) from the original on January 23, 2021 . Retrieved February 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Benjamin, Jeff (May 30, 2015). "Here's What a 13-Member K-Pop Boy Band Looks Like: Watch 'Adore U' by Seventeen" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6582987/seventeen-adore-u-13-member-boy-band) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150531193921/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6582987/seventeen-adore-u-13-member-boy-band) from the original on May 31, 2015 . Retrieved January 20, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Seventeen、本日(29日)デビューアルバム「17Carat」を発売！" (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2021363) . Kstyle . May 29, 2015 . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . ^ a b "Songs Registered Under MINGYU (10009931)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230415023227/https://www.komca.or.kr/srch2/srch_01_popup_mem_right.jsp?S_MB_CD=10009931) (in Korean). Korea Music Copyright Association (/wiki/Korea_Music_Copyright_Association) . Archived from the original (https://www.komca.or.kr/srch2/srch_01_popup_mem_right.jsp?S_MB_CD=10009931) on April 15, 2023 . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "[V Report Plus] New hosts of 'Inkigayo' greet fans" (https://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201802211626343860302_2) . kpopherald.koreaherald.com . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "세븐틴 민규·신은수, `인기가요` MC 하차 소감 `함께해서 행복했던 시간` [텔리뷰]" (https://news.zum.com/articles/55429994) . ZUM 뉴스 (in Korean). October 6, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ziwei, Puah (May 28, 2021). "SEVENTEEN's Mingyu and Wonwoo enlist Lee Hi for new song 'Bittersweet' (https://www.nme.com/news/music/seventeen-mingyu-wonwoo-lee-hi-collaboration-bittersweet-2944737) " (https://www.nme.com/news/music/seventeen-mingyu-wonwoo-lee-hi-collaboration-bittersweet-2944737) . NME . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "세븐틴 원우·민규 반전미, 'Bittersweet' 스페셜 영상" (https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20210530/107180988/1) . 스포츠동아 (in Korean). May 30, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Song, Seung-jin (October 7, 2022). "[일요서울 포토] 세븐틴 민규, 까르띠에 행사에서 '하트 뿅~' (https://www.ilyoseoul.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=467523) " (https://www.ilyoseoul.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=467523) [[Sunday Seoul Photo] Seventeen’s Mingyu, ‘Heart pops~’ at Cartier event]. Ilyo Seoul (in Korean) . Retrieved June 12, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Lee, Su-jin. "세븐틴 민규와 까르띠에, '데이즈드'와 함께 2022년의 마지막을 장식하는 12월 커버 화보 공개" (https://www.purpress.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=society&wr_id=3076&device=pc) [SEVENTEEN Mingyu and Cartier reveal December cover pictorial, marking the end of 2022 with 'Dazed']. E Newspaper (in Korean) . Retrieved June 12, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The Best K-Pop Fashion Moments From F/W Fashion Week 2023" (https://instyleaustralia.com.au/fashion/fashion-week-2023-k-pop/) . InStyle . Retrieved June 12, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Jackson, Hannah (February 29, 2024). "Seventeen's Mingyu Works Up a Sweat Before the Dior Show" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/seventeen-mingyu-dior-fall-2024-show-diary) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Vernose, Vienna (June 14, 2024). "Calvin Klein Opens Its New Parisian Flagship On The Champs-Élysées" (https://crfashionbook.com/calvin-klein-paris-flagship-champs-elysees/) . CR Fashion Book . Retrieved June 16, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Korean Men Who Are Ambassadors For Major Beauty Brands" (https://elle.in/korean-men-faces-of-beauty-brands/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . September 13, 2022 . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Cruz, Jashley Ann. "SEVENTEEN's Mingyu is the new global model of Innisfree" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/98615/seventeens-mingyu-is-the-new-global-model-of-innisfree/story) . GMA News (/wiki/GMA_Integrated_News) . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Lee, Chang-yeol (March 19, 2024). "세븐틴 '민규', 불가리 첫 로컬 앰버서더 발탁" (https://www.newsculture.press/news/articleView.html?idxno=545066) . Newsculture (in Korean) . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cabili, Julianna. "Seventeen's Mingyu is L'Occitane's first brand ambassador for Asia" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/mingyu-brand-ambassador-loccitane) . Tatler Asia (/wiki/Tatler) . Retrieved June 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Peak positions on the Circle Digital Chart (/wiki/Circle_Digital_Chart) : "Bittersweet": "Circle Downloads Chart – Week 44 of 2023" (https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=22&hitYear=2021&termGbn=week&yearTime=3) . Retrieved June 12, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Mun, Wan-sik. "뉴스 : 네이버 TV연예" (https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/108/0002629460) . Naver . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Seventeen ミンギュ＆ジョンハン＆ジュン「Dream Concert」のMCに抜擢" (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2045986) . Kstyle . June 2016 . Retrieved September 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "【Photo】Super Junior イトゥク＆Seventeen ミンギュ＆チン・セヨン「2016 スーパーソウルドリームコンサート」レッドカーペットに登場" (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2057748) . Kstyle . November 27, 2016 . Retrieved September 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Seventeen ジョンハン＆ミンギュ「M Countdown」のインターンMC降板"とても頑張ってくれて幸せだった" (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2049289) " (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2049289) . Kstyle . July 21, 2016 . Retrieved September 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Exo チャンヨル＆BTS（防弾少年団） ジン＆Twice サナら 「2017 KBS 歌謡大祝祭」スペシャルMCに決定！豪華共演に高まる期待" (https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2084544) . Kstyle . December 21, 2017 . Retrieved September 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Inkigayo1_28-0) "Three New MCs Selected for SBS 'Inkigayo'!" (http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1004622244) . SBS News . February 13, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210203180501/https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1004622244) from the original on February 3, 2021 . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Inkigayo2_29-0) "세븐틴 민규·다이아 정채연·송강, '인기가요' 새 MC 확정(공식)" (http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=052&aid=0001116764) . YTN (/wiki/YTN) (in Korean). February 13, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210203180455/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=052&aid=0001116764) from the original on February 3, 2021 . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kim Min-gyu (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kim_Min-gyu) . Mingyu (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9553523/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(South_Korean_band)) S.Coups (/wiki/S.Coups) Jeonghan Joshua (/wiki/Joshua_Hong) Jun (/wiki/Wen_Junhui) Hoshi (/wiki/Hoshi_(South_Korean_singer)) Wonwoo (/wiki/Wonwoo) Woozi (/wiki/Woozi) DK (/wiki/DK_(singer)) Mingyu The8 (/wiki/The8) Seungkwan (/wiki/Seungkwan) Vernon (/wiki/Vernon_(rapper)) Dino Studio albums Love & Letter (/wiki/Love_%26_Letter) Teen, Age (/wiki/Teen,_Age) An Ode (/wiki/An_Ode) Face the Sun (/wiki/Face_the_Sun) Compilation albums Always Yours (/wiki/Always_Yours_(album)) 17 Is Right Here (/wiki/17_Is_Right_Here) Extended plays Korean 17 Carat (/wiki/17_Carat) Boys Be (/wiki/Boys_Be_(EP)) Going Seventeen (/wiki/Going_Seventeen) Al1 (/wiki/Al1) You Make My Day (/wiki/You_Make_My_Day) You Made My Dawn (/wiki/You_Made_My_Dawn) Heng:garæ (/wiki/Heng:gar%C3%A6) Semicolon (/wiki/Semicolon_(EP)) Your Choice (/wiki/Your_Choice) Attacca (/wiki/Attacca_(EP)) FML (/wiki/FML_(EP)) Seventeenth Heaven (/wiki/Seventeenth_Heaven) Japanese We Make You (/wiki/We_Make_You) 24H (/wiki/24H_(EP)) Dream (/wiki/Dream_(Seventeen_EP)) Singles " Very Nice (/wiki/Very_Nice) " " Don't Wanna Cry (/wiki/Don%27t_Wanna_Cry_(Seventeen_song)) " " Left & Right (/wiki/Left_%26_Right_(Seventeen_song)) " " Rock with You (/wiki/Rock_with_You_(Seventeen_song)) " " Darl+ing (/wiki/Darl%2Bing) " " Hot (/wiki/Hot_(Seventeen_song)) " " Super (/wiki/Super_(Seventeen_song)) " " God of Music (/wiki/God_of_Music_(song)) " " Maestro (/wiki/Maestro_(Seventeen_song)) " Record companies Pledis Entertainment (/wiki/Pledis_Entertainment) Geffen Records (/wiki/Geffen_Records) Universal (/wiki/Universal_Music_Group) Related topics Bumzu (/wiki/Bumzu) Seventeen TV (/wiki/Seventeen_TV) Going Seventeen (web series) (/wiki/Going_Seventeen_(web_series)) BSS (/wiki/BSS_(band)) Second Wind (/wiki/Second_Wind_(single_album)) " Fighting (/wiki/Fighting_(BSS_song)) " JxW This Man (/wiki/This_Man_(single_album)) Discography (/wiki/Seventeen_discography) Videography (/wiki/Seventeen_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Seventeen) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Seventeen_live_performances) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐qlzc2 Cached time: 20240720171210 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.732 seconds Real time usage: 0.916 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5555/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 139634/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12558/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 129724/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.425/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15876955/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 770.179 1 -total 48.08% 370.321 3 Template:Infobox 36.23% 279.027 2 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 26.13% 201.214 1 Template:Reflist 14.82% 114.104 1 Template:Infobox_Korean_name 14.50% 111.690 27 Template:Lang 14.39% 110.842 12 Template:Cite_web 13.53% 104.203 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese/Korean 9.35% 72.013 2 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 9.22% 71.032 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77098895-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720171210 and revision id 1235051495. 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American fashion house Coach IP Holdings LLC Coach flagship store on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) , Manhattan Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion#Fashion_industry) Founded 1941 ; 83 years ago ( 1941 ) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Founders Lillian Cahn Miles Cahn [1] (#cite_note-1) Headquarters 516 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001 USA 40°45′17″N 74°00′00″W / 40.75481°N 74.00012°W / 40.75481; -74.00012 Number of locations 986 stores [2] (#cite_note-2) Area served Worldwide Key people Todd Kahn ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) Stuart Vevers (/wiki/Stuart_Vevers) ( creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) ) [3] (#cite_note-Stuart_Vevers_Ready_to_Unveil_First_Coach_Collection-3) Products Handbags fashion accessories ready-to-wear eyewear fragrances Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Tapestry, Inc. (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) Website coach.com (https://www.coach.com/) Coach modern-style logo with signature cartouche (/wiki/Cartouche_(design)) Coach's logo found on their products Coach New York , commonly known as Coach , is an American fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) specializing in handbags, luggage, and accessories, as well as ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) . Coach licenses its name and branding to Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) for eyewear [4] (#cite_note-4) and Paris-based Interparfums for fragrances. [5] (#cite_note-5) Stuart Vevers (/wiki/Stuart_Vevers) has been the executive creative director since June of [6] (#cite_note-6) 2013. It is the main subsidiary of Tapestry, Inc. (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) , formerly known as Coach, Inc. History [ edit ] 1941–1985 [ edit ] 190 Post St in San Francisco, CA King of Prussia Mall in King of Prussia, PA Coach was founded in 1941, as a family-run workshop in a loft on 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , [7] (#cite_note-BaltimoreSun2003Tan-7) [8] (#cite_note-Publishing2009-8) with six leather-workers who made wallets and billfolds by hand. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) In 1946, Miles Cahn (/wiki/Miles_Cahn) (1921–2017) and his wife Lillian (1923–2013) joined the company. [10] (#cite_note-WWD2011Pogoda-10) Miles and Lillian Cahn were owners of a leather handbag manufacturing business and were knowledgeable about leatherworks and business. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) By 1950, Cahn had taken over the company. During the early years, Cahn noticed the distinctive properties and qualities of the leather used to make baseball gloves. With wear and use, the leather in a glove became softer and suppler. Attempting to mimic this process, Cahn developed a process to make the leather stronger, softer, and more flexible. Since the leather absorbed dye very well, this process also created a richer, deeper color. [11] (#cite_note-11) Soon after Cahn developed this new process, Lillian Cahn suggested to Miles that the company supplement the factory's men's accessories business by adding women's leather handbags. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) The "sturdy cowhide bags were an immediate hit." [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Miles and Lillian Cahn bought the company through a leveraged buyout (/wiki/Leveraged_buyout) in 1961. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) In 1961, Cahn hired Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) , a sportswear pioneer, to design handbags for Coach. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Cashin "revolutionized the product's design," working as a creative head for Coach from 1962 through 1974. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Cashin instituted the inclusion of side pockets, coin purses, and brighter colors (as opposed to the usual hues of browns and tans) in the products. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Cashin designed matching shoes, pens, key fobs, and eyewear, [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) and added hardware to both her clothes and accessories–particularly the silver toggle that became the Coach hallmark–declaring that she had been inspired by a memory of quickly fastening the top on her convertible sports car. Richard Rose joined Coach in 1965, and he is responsible for making Coach a household name after putting the product in department stores across the United States and abroad. In 1979, Lewis Frankfort (/wiki/Lewis_Frankfort) joined the company as vice-president of business development. During this time, Coach was making $6 million in sales, and products were being distributed through the domestic wholesale channel, primarily in the northeastern United States (/wiki/Northeastern_United_States) . [10] (#cite_note-WWD2011Pogoda-10) Mr. Rose, then executive VP of sales, mentored Frankfort, before retiring from his position in the company in 1995. In 1981 the company opened its first directly operated retail location on Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) . [12] (#cite_note-12) 1985: Sale to Sara Lee [ edit ] In 1985, the Cahns sold Coach Leatherware to Sara Lee Corporation (/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation) for a reported $30 million, [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) having decided to "devote more time to their growing goat farm and cheese production business called Coach Farm in Gallatinville, New York, which they began in 1983". [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Lew Frankfort succeeded Cahn as president. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) Sara Lee structured Coach under its Hanes Group (/wiki/HanesBrands) branch of subsidiaries of brands. [9] (#cite_note-WWD2011Lockwood-9) In early 1986, the company opened new boutiques in Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) stores in New York City and San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) . Additional Coach stores were under construction, and similar boutiques were to be opened in other major department stores later that year. By November 1986, the company was operating 12 stores, along with nearly 50 boutiques within larger department stores. Sara Lee Corporation divested itself of Coach first, by selling 19.5% of their shares of Coach at the Coach IPO (/wiki/IPO) in October 2000, followed in April 2001, with the distribution of their remaining shares to Sara Lee's stockholders through an exchange offer. [13] (#cite_note-TR-13) 1996: Reed Krakoff leads design [ edit ] In 1996, Lew Frankfort (/wiki/Lewis_Frankfort) was named chairman and CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of Coach. The following year, under Frankfort's leadership, Coach hired Reed Krakoff (/wiki/Reed_Krakoff) , whose creative and commercials instincts aimed to make Coach products functional, lightweight, and stylish. [7] (#cite_note-BaltimoreSun2003Tan-7) Krakoff's design transformed Coach from the relatively small company that it was in 1985 into the worldwide-known brand that it is today. [7] (#cite_note-BaltimoreSun2003Tan-7) [14] (#cite_note-14) On June 1, 2000, the company changed its name to Coach, Inc. [15] (#cite_note-15) 2013–present [ edit ] In February 2013, Coach named Victor Luis president and chief commercial officer (/wiki/Chief_commercial_officer) and announced that he would become a chief executive officer in January 2014, with Lew Frankfort continuing as executive chairman. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2013, Coach generated $5 billion in sales and operated approximately 1,000 directly operated locations globally, including North America, Japan, China, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Korea, and Europe. [17] (#cite_note-xbrlus_1-17) In 2014, the company announced Stuart Vevers (/wiki/Stuart_Vevers) as the new executive creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) , replacing Reed Krakoff (/wiki/Reed_Krakoff) . [18] (#cite_note-18) During 2014, Coach also announced that Lew Frankfort would retire as executive chairman at the expiration of his term in November 2014. [19] (#cite_note-19) In January 2015, Coach agreed to buy shoemaker Stuart Weitzman (/wiki/Stuart_Weitzman) for up to $574 million in cash. [20] (#cite_note-20) In the same year, Coach also launched Coach 1941, "a new, higher-priced line centered on ready-to-wear." [21] (#cite_note-21) Coach marked its 75th anniversary in 2016 with the announcement of its partnership with Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) In July 2017, Coach purchased Kate Spade (/wiki/Kate_Spade_New_York) for $2.4 billion. [24] (#cite_note-24) Michael Kors Holdings Ltd. (/wiki/Michael_Kors_(brand)) had previously expressed interest in buying Kate Spade. [25] (#cite_note-25) On October 10, 2017, Victor Luis (CEO) announced that on October 31, Coach Inc would be renamed and rebranded as Tapestry Inc. The company's ticker symbol on the NYSE (/wiki/NYSE) changed from COH to TPR effective October 31, 2017. [26] (#cite_note-26) As of 2019, Coach dropped the use of fur from its collection. [27] (#cite_note-27) In September 2019, Coach named Jide J. Zeitlin, Chairman of the Board, as new CEO of Tapestry, Inc., replacing former Chief Executive Officer Victor Luis. [28] (#cite_note-cnbc.com-28) Zeitlin resigned his position in July 2020, following allegations of personal misconduct. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2019 it was announced that a float depicting Coach's house mascot Rexy the Dinosaur would be featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade) , making the brand the first luxury fashion label to have a float in the parade. [30] (#cite_note-30) In November 2019, Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) became the new global face of the company. [31] (#cite_note-31) As of 2019, Coach has 986 stores worldwide. [32] (#cite_note-32) In 2020, Coach again rebranded. Like many brands during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , Coach began focusing on its digital platform. In 2021, the house celebrated its 80th anniversary. In April 2023, Coach introduced Coachtopia, a sub-brand centered on textile circularity, sustainability, and collaborative creativity, striving towards a fully circular business model. Coachtopia first launched in the United States, Canada, and the UK, later expanding to Asia in September of the same year. [33] (#cite_note-33) Implementing Coach’s Made Circular™ design philosophy, Coachtopia rethinks the product lifecycle by minimizing the creation of new materials, utilizing waste, and designing items to be reimagined, remade, and recycled for extended use. This approach aims to lessen environmental impact and appeal to a growing segment of consumers increasingly seeking out sustainable products. [34] (#cite_note-34) Coachtopia's collection features all-gender bags, t-shirts, hoodies, accessories, and footwear, all made from recycled, repurposed, and renewable materials. The sub-brand sources its eco-friendly textiles from pre-owned Coach products and collaborates with key partners, including Gen Phoenix, which provides partially recycled leather for many of Coachtopia’s bag linings, [35] (#cite_note-35) and Everywhere Apparel that provides the luxury offshoot with printed t-shirts and hoodies made from 100% recycled pre- and post-consumer cotton textiles, as well as the end-of-life infrastructure to recycle Coachtopia garments back into the sub-brand’s supply chain. [36] (#cite_note-36) Corporate affairs [ edit ] Coach purse with the signature monogram C Leadership [ edit ] Lewis Frankfort has been involved with Coach for more than 30 years. [37] (#cite_note-37) He was named chairman and CEO in 1995, and in 2014 became executive chairman. During 2000, he oversaw Coach's transition to a publicly-traded company listed on the NYSE and in 2011, became the first American issuer to list on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Victor Luis was named chief executive officer of Coach, Inc. in January 2014. [38] (#cite_note-20138K-38) Before his appointment and beginning in February 2013, he held the role of president and chief commercial officer of Coach, Inc., also serving on Coach's board of directors. Luis has been a member of Coach's senior leadership team since joining the company in 2006, holding several international management roles and leading Coach's expansion in Asia. [38] (#cite_note-20138K-38) Most recently, he served as president of the International Group and was responsible for Coach's operations outside of North America. Prior, he was president of Coach Retail International, where he oversaw the company's directly operated businesses in China (Hong Kong, Macau, and Mainland), Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan, and president and CEO of Coach China and Coach Japan. Luis originally joined Coach as president and CEO of Coach Japan, Inc. Before joining Coach, from 2002 to 2006, Luis was president and chief executive officer for Baccarat, Inc., leading North American operation of the French luxury brand. [39] (#cite_note-39) Earlier in his career, Luis held marketing and sales positions within the Moët-Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH) Group. Stuart Vevers (/wiki/Stuart_Vevers) joined Coach in the fall of 2013 as executive creative director. Vevers joined Coach from Loewe, where he held the role of creative director since 2008. [40] (#cite_note-40) Before Loewe, he served as creative director of Mulberry from 2005 to 2008. He began his career at Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) and has contributed to creative roles with Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . In 2006, Vevers won the British Fashion Council's Accessory Designer of the Year award. Jide J. Zeitlin, Chairman of the Board, was appointed Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Tapestry in September 2019. Prior to his resignation in 2020, Zeitlin was responsible for the execution of the company's strategic agenda and financial performance. Mr. Zeitlin was elected to Tapestry's Board of Directors in June 2006 and had served as the board chairman since November 2014. [28] (#cite_note-cnbc.com-28) In July 2020, Todd Kahn was appointed CEO and Brand President. Operations [ edit ] A Coach store in an outlet mall As of 2013, there were approximately 1,000 Coach stores in North America. Coach has also built a strong presence in the U.S. through Coach boutiques located within select department stores and specialty retailer locations. [13] (#cite_note-TR-13) Coinciding with its 75th anniversary in 2016, Coach opened Coach House, a 20,000-square-foot Midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) retail space. [41] (#cite_note-41) Today, Coach's corporate headquarters remain in Midtown Manhattan on 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) , in the location of their former factory lofts. In August 2016, the company finalized the sale and leaseback of its office condo portion of 10 Hudson Yards (/wiki/10_Hudson_Yards) – its headquarters. Coach received $707 million before transaction costs. [42] (#cite_note-42) In 1999, Coach launched its online store (/wiki/Online_store) at www.coach.com. [43] (#cite_note-43) On 4 March 2024, the first Coach restaurant in the world opened in Grand Indonesia Shopping Town (/wiki/Grand_Indonesia_Shopping_Town) in Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) . [44] (#cite_note-44) The Coach Foundation [ edit ] The Coach Foundation was established in 2008 to support organizations that "empower" and educate women and children around the world. [45] (#cite_note-cFoundation-45) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Karmali, Sarah (March 11, 2013). "Coach Co-Founder Lillian Cahn Dies" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/03/11/coach-founder-lillian-cahn-dies-aged-89) . Vogue News . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Smith, Craig (2019-02-02). " Interesting Coach Statistics and Facts (https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/coach-statistics-facts/) ". DMR. Retrieved November 26, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-Stuart_Vevers_Ready_to_Unveil_First_Coach_Collection_3-0) Karimzadeh, Marc (4 February 2014). "Stuart Vevers Ready to Unveil First Coach Collection" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/vevers-ready-to-unveil-first-coach-collection-7407026?src=n/newsAlert/20140204-3) . WWD . Retrieved 4 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Stephenson, Lauren (2010-10-05). "Coach, Luxottica Agree to Eyewear Deal" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/coach-luxottica-agree-to-eyewear-deal-3326560/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 2022-09-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wahba, Phil (2015-04-09). "Coach to replace Estée Lauder with Interparfums in new perfume deal" (https://fortune.com/2015/04/09/coach-estee-lauder-perfume/) . Fortune . Retrieved 2022-09-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Stuart Vevers is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/stuart-vevers) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2023-03-02 . ^ a b c Tan, Cheryl Lu-Lien (/wiki/Cheryl_Lu-Lien_Tan) (August 10, 2003). "In the Bag" (http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-08-10/news/0308110361_1_leather-gloves-brand) . The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved January 22, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Publishing2009_8-0) DK Publishing (17 August 2009). 1000 CEOs . Penguin. pp. 350–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7566-7057-3 . Retrieved 23 January 2013 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lockwood, Lisa (September 26, 2011). "The Early Years" (http://www.wwd.com/accessories-news/handbags/coach-the-early-years-5220127) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved January 22, 2012 . ^ a b Pogoda, Dianne M. (September 26, 2011). "Leather Road" (http://www.wwd.com/markets-news/designer-luxury/the-leather-road-5214840) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved January 22, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Coach Inc Company History" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/coach-inc-history/) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Coach" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140122155411/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Coach) . Vogue. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Coach) on 2014-01-22 . Retrieved 2018-06-21 . ^ a b "FAQ: Coach" (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=122587&p=irol-faq) , Thomson Reuters (/wiki/Thomson_Reuters) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Levy, Ariell (18 April 2011). "Brand-New Bag – The man from Coach goes upscale" (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/04/25/110425fa_fact_levy) . newyorker.com . The New Yorker . Retrieved 2013-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Coach, Inc. Common Stock" (http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/filing.ashx?filingid=1280120) . Goldman Sachs, & Co. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Steigrad, Alexandra (14 February 2013). "Victor Luis Named Coach CEO-Designate" (http://www.wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/victor-luis-named-coach-ceo-designate-6757900?src=search_links) . Women's Wear Daily. ^ (#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_17-0) "Coach, Inc.2013 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/12/122587/coach10K.pdf) (XBRL) . United States Securities and Exchange Commission. August 22, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Stuart Vever's Vision: Coach's New Man Talks Heritage" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/stuart-vevers-vision-7018368?src=search_links) . Women's Wear Daily. 25 June 2013 . Retrieved July 9, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Coach Announce the Retirement of Lew Frankfort, Executive Chairman" (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140925006090/en/Coach-Announces-Retirement-Lew-Frankfort-Executive-Chairman) (Press release) . Business Wire. September 25, 2014 . Retrieved October 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Michael J. de la Merced; Hiroko Tabuchi (/wiki/Hiroko_Tabuchi) (January 6, 2015). "Coach Expands Luxury Fashion Brand Buying Shoemaker Stuart Weitzman" (https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/coach-to-buy-luxury-shoemaker-stuart-weitzman-for-up-to-574-million/?module=BlogPost-Title&version=Blog%20Main&contentCollection=Mergers%20&%20Acquisitions&action=Click&pgtype=Blogs®ion=Body&_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved January 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Indvik, Lauren (28 September 2015). "Why Coach is Now Focusing on Ready-to-Wear" (http://fashionista.com/2015/09/coach-1941-stuart-vevers-interview) . Fashionista . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "75th anniversary" (http://www.coach.com/shop/coach-75th) . Coach . Retrieved February 15, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Schneider, Matthew (16 December 2016). "Coach Confirms Its Partnership With Selena Gomez" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/fashion/selena-gomez-coach-partnership-confirmed.html?_r=0) . The New York Times . Retrieved 12 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Coach Sinks After Kate Spade Acquisition Weighs on Forecast" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-15/coach-declines-after-kate-spade-acquisition-weighs-on-forecast) . Bloomberg.com . 2017-08-15 . Retrieved 2017-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Stephanie Hoi-Nga Wong, Coach Agrees to Buy Kate Spade for $2.4 Billion (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-08/coach-says-it-agreed-to-buy-kate-spade-for-2-4-billion) , Bloomberg.com (/wiki/Bloomberg.com) , May 8, 2017, ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Coach rebrands as Tapestry to reflect more than bags" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coach-rebrands-as-tapestry-to-reflect-more-than-bags/) . cbsnews.com . October 11, 2017 . Retrieved November 16, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Tamison O'Connor, "Coach Latest Brand to Drop Fur," The Business of Fashion (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-bites/coach-bans-animal-fur) , 23 October 2018. ^ a b Wu, Jasmine (4 September 2019). "Coach owner Tapestry appoints Jide Zeitlin as CEO" (https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/04/coach-owner-tapestry-appoints-jide-zeitlin-as-ceo.html) . CNBC . Retrieved 2019-09-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Gross, Elana Lyn (July 21, 2020). " Tapestry CEO Jide Zeitlin Resigns After Misconduct Allegation (https://www.forbes.com/sites/elanagross/2020/07/21/tapestry-ceo-jide-zeitlin-resigns-after-misconduct-allegation/?sh=a9eedbd1a00c) ". Forbes. Retrieved November 26, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Binlot, Ann (October 30, 2019). " Coach Becomes First Luxury Brand To Have A Float At The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (https://www.forbes.com/sites/abinlot/2019/10/30/coach-becomes-first-luxury-brand-to-have-a-float-at-the-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/?sh=190bc64213d6) ". Forbes. Retrieved November 26, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Jennifer Lopez Named the New Global Face of Coach – See Her Original Coach Bag From Her 2002 Music Video!" (https://people.com/style/jennifer-lopez-named-the-new-global-face-of-coach/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved 2019-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Smith, Craig (2019-02-02). "Interesting Coach Statistics and Facts" (https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/coach-statistics-facts/) . DMR . Retrieved 2020-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Introducing Coachtopia: A New World of Circular Craft from Coach Powered by Community, Building Towards a Better Future for Our Planet" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/introducing-coachtopia-a-new-world-of-circular-craft-from-coach-powered-by-community-building-towards-a-better-future-for-our-planet-301802641.html) , PR Newswire. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Consumers Are, In Fact, Buying Sustainable Goods: Highlights from New Research" (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/consumers-are-in-fact-buying-sustainable-goods-highlights-from-new-research) , McKinsey & Company. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Partnerships" (https://genphoenix.com/partnerships/) , Gen Phoenix. ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Coachtopia x Everywhere Project Case Study" (https://everywhereapparel.com/blogs/learn/coachtopia-x-everywhere-project-case-study) , Everywhere Apparel. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Lew Frankfort" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180627084935/https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/about-us/board/lew-frankfort) . Columbia University. Archived from the original (http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/about-us/board/lew-frankfort) on 2018-06-27 . Retrieved 2018-06-21 . ^ a b "Coach Fy13 Current Report Form 8-K" (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=122587&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTg3MzUwNzgmRFNFUT0wJlNFUT0wJlNRREVTQz1TRUNUSU9OX0VOVElSRSZzdWJzaWQ9NTc%3d) . United States Securities and Exchange Commission. ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Coach, Inc. Announces Management Succession" (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=122587&p=irol-newsArticle_print&ID=1785056&highlight=) (Press Release) . Coach, Inc. February 14, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Stuart Vevers to Join Coach" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113115/http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/stuart+vevers+to+join+coach,25949) . Vogue. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/stuart+vevers+to+join+coach,25949) on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2018-06-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Zilkha, Bettina. "Coach Opens Coach House On Fifth Avenue, Donates $3 Million To Step Up" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/bettinazilkha/2016/11/21/coach-opens-coach-house-flagship-on-fifth-avenue-donates-3-million-to-step-up/#4d5179a34623) . Forbes . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Coach, Inc. Announces Sale of Its Interest in 10 Hudson Yards" (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160801006304/en/Coach-Announces-Sale-Interest-10-Hudson-Yards) (Press release). Business Wire (/wiki/Business_Wire) . August 1, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Company Profile" (http://www.coach.com/online/handbags/genWCM-10551-10051-en-/Coach_US/CompanyInformation/InvestorRelations/CompanyProfile-) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130403230055/http://www.coach.com/online/handbags/genWCM-10551-10051-en-/Coach_US/CompanyInformation/InvestorRelations/CompanyProfile-) 2013-04-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Coach Official Site. Accessed 12 February 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-44) https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/marketing-pr/coach-opens-its-first-restaurant/ (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/marketing-pr/coach-opens-its-first-restaurant/) ^ (#cite_ref-cFoundation_45-0) "The Coach Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150121063428/http://www.coach.com/online/handbags/genWCM-10551-10051-en-/Coach_US/CompanyInformation/CoachFoundation/?LOC=BN) . Coach Official Site. Archived from the original (http://www.coach.com/online/handbags/genWCM-10551-10051-en-/Coach_US/CompanyInformation/CoachFoundation/?LOC=BN) on 2015-01-21 . Retrieved 2018-06-21 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coach, Inc. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coach,_Inc.) . 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2018 American film Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie Directed by Andrea Blaugrund Nevins (/wiki/Andrea_Blaugrund_Nevins) Produced by Andrea Blaugrund Nevins Cristan Crocker Starring Gloria Steinem (/wiki/Gloria_Steinem) Roxane Gay (/wiki/Roxane_Gay) Peggy Orenstein (/wiki/Peggy_Orenstein) Cinematography Geoffrey Franklin Edited by Azin Samari Music by Craig Richey Production company Rare Bird Films Distributed by Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) Release dates April 25, 2018 ( 2018-04-25 ) ( TFF (/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival) ) April 27, 2018 ( 2018-04-27 ) Running time 92 minutes Country United States Language English Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie is an American documentary film that premiered on April 27, 2018 on Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Directed, written, and produced by Andrea Blaugrund Nevins (/wiki/Andrea_Blaugrund_Nevins) , it explores the creation of the Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll, the effect it has had on culture, and its evolution over the decades. [2] (#cite_note-2) For years, Barbie for some can spark unrealistic expectations for younger girls and even cause body image issues. [3] (#cite_note-3) According to Time, this petite, tall and curvy doll known as Barbie, constitutes as a major figure of the feminist movement and symbolizes male oppression. She has sparked debate and controversy for a variety of reasons which this documentary aims to capture. [4] (#cite_note-4) Premise [ edit ] Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie takes "a retrospective look at the doll’s unexpected origins and what she represents today — part fashion icon, part lightning rod. It included interviews with Gloria Steinem (/wiki/Gloria_Steinem) , Roxane Gay (/wiki/Roxane_Gay) , Peggy Orenstein (/wiki/Peggy_Orenstein) , Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) insiders, cultural historians, and others and feature newly discovered footage and unprecedented access to the inner workings of Mattel during Barbie’s biggest reinvention." [5] (#cite_note-5) Production [ edit ] Development [ edit ] On July 27, 2017, it was announced at the annual Television Critics Association (/wiki/Television_Critics_Association) summer press tour that Hulu had greenlit a feature documentary from Andrea Blaugrund Nevins (/wiki/Andrea_Blaugrund_Nevins) and her production company Rare Bird Films. Nevins is producing alongside Cristan Crocker and the film is expected to include interviews with people such as Gloria Steinem, Roxane Gay, Peggy Orenstein. [6] (#cite_note-6) Release [ edit ] Marketing [ edit ] On April 5, 2018, Hulu released the first trailer for the film. [7] (#cite_note-7) Premiere [ edit ] On April 25, 2018, the film held its world premiere during the annual Tribeca Film Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival) at the Festival Hub at Spring Studios in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Its premiere was part of the festival's "Spotlight Documentary" series of films that were being screened. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Distribution [ edit ] On May 9, 2018, it was announced that Entertainment One (/wiki/Entertainment_One) had secured international distribution rights for the film. [11] (#cite_note-11) Reception [ edit ] Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie has been met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) , the film holds an 81% approval rating with an average rating of 7.2/10 based on 16 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "A thoughtful rumination on beauty standards and feminism, Tiny Shoulders goes beyond plastic observations to create an even-handed examination of Barbie's role in the broader culture." [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] List of original programs distributed by Hulu (/wiki/List_of_original_programs_distributed_by_Hulu) United States in the 1950s (/wiki/United_States_in_the_1950s) Barbie Liberation Organization (/wiki/Barbie_Liberation_Organization) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gilbert, Sophie (May 1, 2018). "Can Barbie Really Have It All?" (https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/05/tiny-shoulders-review-hulu/559277/) . The Atlantic . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The creators of 'Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie' on remaking America's doll just before #MeToo" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-barbie-documentary-20180427-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . April 27, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Barrie, Joshua (January 29, 2017). "The hidden danger of kids playing with Barbie dolls – revealed by an expert" (http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/family/hidden-danger-kids-playing-barbie-9716810) . mirror . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "It's a Doll's Life: Barbie's Controversies and Triumphs" (https://time.com/4197596/barbies-triumphs-and-controveries-57-years-of-highs-and-lows/) . Time . 28 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hipes, Patrick (July 27, 2017). "Hulu Dressing Up 'Barbie' Documentary For 2018 – TCA" (https://deadline.com/2017/07/barbie-documentary-hulu-2018-1202137651/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved February 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Stanhope, Kate (July 27, 2017). "Barbie Documentary Greenlighted at Hulu" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/barbie-documentary-greenlit-at-hulu-1024868) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved February 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Stipp, Christopher (April 7, 2018). "This Week In Trailers: Surfer: Teen Confronts Fear, New Town Utopia, Racer and the Jailbird, Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie, Granny Project" (https://www.slashfilm.com/this-week-in-trailers-surfer-teen-confronts-fear-new-town-utopia-racer-and-the-jailbird-tiny-shoulders-rethinking-barbie-granny-project/) . /Film (/wiki//Film) . Retrieved April 10, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cox, Gordon (March 7, 2018). "Tribeca Film Festival Unveils 2018 Slate" (https://variety.com/2018/film/news/tribeca-film-festival-2018-lineup-full-list-1202719882/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 16, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Alcinii, Daniele (March 7, 2018). "Liz Garbus' "The Fourth Estate" to close Tribeca '18" (http://realscreen.com/2018/03/07/liz-garbus-the-fourth-estate-to-close-tribeca-18/) . Realscreen . Retrieved March 16, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie | 2018 Tribeca Film Festival" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181024035654/https://www.tribecafilm.com/filmguide/tiny-shoulders-rethinking-barbie-2018) . Tribeca Film Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival) . Archived from the original (https://www.tribecafilm.com/filmguide/tiny-shoulders-rethinking-barbie-2018) on October 24, 2018 . Retrieved March 16, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) White, Peter (May 9, 2018). "eOne Picks Up Global Rights To Hulu Feature Doc Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie" (https://deadline.com/2018/05/eone-picks-up-global-rights-to-hulu-feature-doc-tiny-shoulders-rethinking-barbie-1202386692/) . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 10, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Tiny Shoulders, Rethinking Barbie" (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tiny_shoulders_rethinking_barbie) . Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) . Fandango (/wiki/Fandango_Media) . Retrieved October 30, 2021 . 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Canadian model and women's health advocate Elly Mayday Mayday in A Perfect 14 Born Ashley Shandrel Luther ( 1988-04-15 ) April 15, 1988 Aylesbury, Saskatchewan (/wiki/Aylesbury,_Saskatchewan) , Canada Died March 1, 2019 (2019-03-01) (aged 30) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) , Canada Nationality Canadian Occupation(s) Model, advocate Years active 2011–2018 Known for Plus-size modeling (/wiki/Plus-size_model) , ovarian cancer advocacy Modeling information Height 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) [1] (#cite_note-Dorothy_Combs_Model_Page-1) Hair color Blonde [1] (#cite_note-Dorothy_Combs_Model_Page-1) Eye color Blue [1] (#cite_note-Dorothy_Combs_Model_Page-1) Agency Dorothy Combs Models Website www (https://www.facebook.com/EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage/) .facebook (https://www.facebook.com/EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage/) .com (https://www.facebook.com/EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage/) /EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage (https://www.facebook.com/EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage/) / (https://www.facebook.com/EllyMaydayOfficialFanpage/) Ashley Shandrel Luther (April 15, 1988 – March 1, 2019), better known as Elly Mayday , [2] (#cite_note-2) was a Canadian plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) and advocate (/wiki/Advocacy) for women's health. She was known for battling ovarian cancer (/wiki/Ovarian_cancer) throughout her modeling career, and was often photographed with surgical scars and a bald head from chemotherapy. Early life [ edit ] Mayday was born Ashley Shandrel Luther on April 15, 1988, and grew up on a farm near Aylesbury, Saskatchewan (/wiki/Aylesbury,_Saskatchewan) (population 50). [3] (#cite_note-CBC2019-3) [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) She grew up with three brothers; her family grew crops, raised cattle, horses, pigs and chickens, and ran a local restaurant. Her mother was an artist. Mayday went to boarding school (/wiki/Boarding_school) at age 13, then studied gender studies (/wiki/Gender_studies) and psychology (/wiki/Psychology) at university, and afterwards took a room with her brother in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) . [5] (#cite_note-AWW2014-5) Modeling career [ edit ] Mayday in A Perfect 14 When she was 23 years old, Mayday was working as a flight attendant (/wiki/Flight_attendant) for Sunwing Airlines (/wiki/Sunwing_Airlines) , which took her to routes including Cuba, Mexico, and Jamaica. She was also trying to work as a model. She adopted her stage name, Elly Mayday, as a combination of Elly May Clampett (/wiki/Elly_May_Clampett) , a character from The Beverly Hillbillies (/wiki/The_Beverly_Hillbillies) , and Mayday (/wiki/Mayday) , the emergency procedure word, from her aviation career. She was told she was not tall or thin enough for traditional modeling, but that her 34-29-44 measurements (/wiki/Bust/waist/hip_measurements) [6] (#cite_note-ABC2014-6) were ideal for pin-up modeling (/wiki/Pin-up_model) ; she won a contest for a local auto show (/wiki/Auto_show) , and was the main subject of an award-winning documentary chronicling her cancer and modeling career called A Perfect 14 , referring to her clothing size (/wiki/Clothing_size) . [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) [5] (#cite_note-AWW2014-5) Mayday began feeling symptoms which she would describe as excruciating lower back and abdomen pain, accompanied by pressure in her lower stomach, recurring bladder infections, and a constant feeling of being unwell. She went to the emergency room (/wiki/Emergency_room) four times. [7] (#cite_note-People-7) Doctors did not consider cancer because of her age; instead, she said, they told her that her symptoms were a result of her weight, and advised her to exercise and strengthen her core (/wiki/Core_(anatomy)) . [3] (#cite_note-CBC2019-3) [8] (#cite_note-Cosmopolitan-8) She lost 30 pounds (14 kg), but her pain did not go away. [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) Mayday's continued attempts at modeling succeeded, and by early 2013 she became a model for Forever Yours, a Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) all-sizes lingerie company. Her symptoms increased in the summer of 2013, and she returned to her doctors saying that she would refuse to work until she was diagnosed. [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer (/wiki/Ovarian_cancer) , specifically stage III low-grade serous carcinoma, a rare form of cancer normally seen in older women. She was 25 years old. [3] (#cite_note-CBC2019-3) [6] (#cite_note-ABC2014-6) [9] (#cite_note-CBC2015-9) Mayday had four surgeries, including a hysterectomy (/wiki/Hysterectomy) , which left scars, and three months of chemotherapy (/wiki/Chemotherapy) which left her bald. [8] (#cite_note-Cosmopolitan-8) She continued to model, and decided to embrace her baldness and scars as an opportunity to talk about her cancer. [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) [8] (#cite_note-Cosmopolitan-8) Sonya Perkins, the owner of Forever Yours, was hesitant at first, but says the campaign was a success. [6] (#cite_note-ABC2014-6) [9] (#cite_note-CBC2015-9) Photos of Mayday with a bald head and surgery scars gained her tens of thousands of followers on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . [10] (#cite_note-Weisgarber-10) She also landed an international modeling contract with Jaclyn Sarka, founder of JAG Models (/w/index.php?title=JAG_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) in New York City, who had seen her photos on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) before hearing about her cancer diagnosis. [5] (#cite_note-AWW2014-5) [11] (#cite_note-11) She was originally called a plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) by industry standards, a label which she rejected, saying that she embraced her size (/wiki/Clothing_size) 14 body, and was normal size. [4] (#cite_note-Chatelaine-4) [10] (#cite_note-Weisgarber-10) Over the year and a half course of her cancer treatment, Mayday lost 60 pounds (27 kg), down to 120 pounds (54 kg) and size 10, which she says caused "skinny shaming" on social media (/wiki/Social_media) . [7] (#cite_note-People-7) [12] (#cite_note-Grebinski-12) Some of her former fans or friends accused her of using her cancer to make money and become famous. [5] (#cite_note-AWW2014-5) In July 2014, Mayday was told she was cancer free. [13] (#cite_note-AWW0615-13) She flew to Australia to front a campaign for the Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) , [13] (#cite_note-AWW0615-13) and was one of six models featured in plus-size lingerie company Lane Bryant (/wiki/Lane_Bryant) 's #ImNoAngel campaign in April 2015, displaying women with model-atypical body types. Her unretouched surgery scars were visible in the photographs. [9] (#cite_note-CBC2015-9) In June 2015, Mayday's cancer returned, [9] (#cite_note-CBC2015-9) and she had a fifth surgery to remove another tumor. She posted pictures from this surgery to Instagram as well, referring to her scars as " beauty marks (/wiki/Beauty_marks) " [14] (#cite_note-Self2017-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) but she stopped referring to herself as cancer free. [7] (#cite_note-People-7) Mayday kept modeling in New York until 2017, when her disease recurred, and she returned to Canada. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2017, Mayday was the face of Canadian plus-size clothing store Addition Elle (/wiki/Addition_Elle) 's campaign to raise money for Ovarian Cancer Canada. [17] (#cite_note-17) She posted about the difficult parts of her treatments on Instagram, including pictures of her exhausted, and videos of her talking about vomiting and undergoing chemotherapy. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2018, she wrote an article for Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) magazine about her hysterectomy making her unable to have children. It was the first of her major operations. She had planned on eventually having five children, [5] (#cite_note-AWW2014-5) and when she was diagnosed consulted a fertility specialist about collecting her eggs (/wiki/Oocyte_retrieval) , but was told that the drugs used would increase the progression of her cancer, so she decided against it. [19] (#cite_note-Flare2018-19) "I need to take care of the young girls that need me or need this voice. That's my way of parenting for now," she told the CBC (/wiki/CBC_News) . [20] (#cite_note-CBC2016-20) Death [ edit ] Mayday died in Vancouver on March 1, 2019, aged 30. Her disease had progressed, especially during the last months, and the doctors were unable to help any more. A high school friend who flew in to see her said that Mayday had accepted death. [3] (#cite_note-CBC2019-3) At the time of her death, Mayday's Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) page had 500,000 followers. [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Elly Mayday - Dorothy Combs" (http://www.dorothycombsmodels.com/talent/elly-mayday) . Dorothy Combs Models . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Elly Mayday on Instagram: 'Elly Mayday's given name was Ashley Shandrel Luther. She was born on April 15, 1988 in Saskatchewan, Canada. Ashley was deeply loved by her..." (https://www.instagram.com/p/Buhvxx9DrMx/) Instagram . ^ a b c d "Saskatchewan-born model, advocate Elly Mayday dies at 30" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/sask-model-elly-mayday-dies-1.5041631) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . March 4, 2019 . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ a b c d e f Boesveld, Sarah (June 2017). "Plus-sized model Elly Mayday on loving her body and facing cancer" (https://www.chatelaine.com/health/plus-sized-model-elly-mayday-cancer) . Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ a b c d e Weaver, Clair. "Elly Mayday: My battle with Ovarian Cancer" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/news/real-life/elly-mayday-battle-10107) . Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ a b c Donaldson James, Susan (January 21, 2014). "Plus Model Elly Mayday Continues to Pose Despite Bald Head, Scars" (https://abcnews.go.com/Health/model-elly-mayday-fights-cancer-female-stereotypes/story?id=21597235) . ABC News . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ a b c Cosgrove Baylis, Sheila (October 24, 2015). "Plus-Size Model: Doctors Blamed My Chronic Pain on My Weight – But It Was Cancer" (https://people.com/bodies/plus-size-model-elly-mayday-says-doctors-dismissed-her-cancer-symptoms) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ a b c Rose, Rebecca (October 23, 2015). "Doctors Blamed This Model's Pain on Her Weight But She Actually Had Cancer" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/news/a48115/doctors-blamed-this-models-pain-on-her-weight-but-she-actually-had-cancer) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ a b c d "Model Elly Mayday determined to battle cancer again" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/elly-mayday-sask-model-determined-to-battle-cancer-again-1.3101423) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . June 4, 2015 . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ a b Weisgarber, Maria (January 6, 2014). "Bald and beautiful: B.C. model with cancer hopes to inspire" (https://bc.ctvnews.ca/bald-and-beautiful-b-c-model-with-cancer-hopes-to-inspire-1.1643357) . CTV News (/wiki/CTV_News) . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wray, Meaghan (June 4, 2017). "Elly Mayday: Canadian Plus-Size Model Opens Up About Ovarian Cancer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328133951/https://www.flare.com/health/elly-mayday-interview/) . Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.flare.com/health/elly-mayday-interview) on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Grebinski_12-0) Grebinski, Leisha (April 15, 2015). "Saskatchewan model takes part in #ImNoAngel campaign" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/elly-mayday-model-takes-part-in-lane-bryant-s-imnoangel-campaign-1.3032514) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Retrieved March 4, 2019 . ^ a b "Elly Mayday announces cancer diagnosis" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/news/local-news/model-and-cancer-survivor-elly-mayday-announces-she-has-cancer-again-6764) . The Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/The_Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) . June 7, 2015 . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Self2017_14-0) Goldberg, Haley (March 28, 2017). "This Isn't Just a Scar From Ovarian Cancer—It's a Beauty Mark" (https://www.self.com/story/ovarian-cancer-scar-beauty-mark) . Self (/wiki/Self_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Scott, Ellen (March 30, 2017). "Plus-size model shares how she's learned to love her ovarian cancer scar" (https://metro.co.uk/2017/03/30/plus-size-model-shares-how-shes-learned-to-love-her-ovarian-cancer-scar-6542490) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Martin, Ashley (March 4, 2019). "An advocate for ovarian cancer awareness, Elly Mayday died Friday" (https://leaderpost.com/news/local-news/ovarian-cancer-advocate-and-model-elly-mayday-dead-at-30) . Regina Leader-Post (/wiki/Regina_Leader-Post) . Retrieved March 6, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Markovinovic, Monika (June 15, 2017). "Canadian Model Elly Mayday Fronts Addition Elle's BRAve Campaign To Fight Ovarian Cancer" (https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/15/elly-mayday-interview_n_17021610.html) . HuffPost Canada (/wiki/HuffPost_Canada) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bakkila, Blake (July 12, 2018). "This 30-Year-Old Model Documents Some of Her Most Difficult Moments in the Hospital After Learning Her Ovarian Cancer Returned" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134130/https://www.health.com/ovarian-cancer/model-documents-ovarian-cancer-treatments-on-instagram) . Health (/wiki/Health_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.health.com/ovarian-cancer/model-documents-ovarian-cancer-treatments-on-instagram) on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Flare2018_19-0) Mayday, Elly (April 23, 2018). "Young Infertility: I Lost the Ability to Have Kids at 25" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134137/https://www.flare.com/health/young-infertility/) . Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.flare.com/health/young-infertility) on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-CBC2016_20-0) Coles, Sheila (March 22, 2016). "Elly Mayday talks ovarian cancer for #ladyballs event in Regina" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/elly-mayday-in-regina-1.3502566) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Retrieved March 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cachero, Paulina (March 5, 2019). "Body positive model Elly Mayday dies at 30 from ovarian cancer" (https://news.yahoo.com/body-positive-model-elly-mayday-dies-30-ovarian-cancer-211313568.html) . Yahoo News (/wiki/Yahoo_News) . Retrieved March 15, 2019 . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from the Netherlands (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_the_Netherlands) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐f887b Cached time: 20240721035551 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.047 seconds Real time usage: 0.073 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2827/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 527/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946247/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 67.600 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 67.600 1 -total 97.11% 65.645 1 Template:Sister_project 94.52% 63.897 1 Template:Side_box 7.10% 4.801 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5846890-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721035551 and revision id 995399657. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. . Aruban fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Aruban_fashion_designers) (1 P) + Dutch women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Dutch_women_fashion_designers) (10 P) Pages in category "Dutch fashion designers" The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Sharon den Adel (/wiki/Sharon_den_Adel) Koos Van Den Akker (/wiki/Koos_Van_Den_Akker) Laila Aziz (/wiki/Laila_Aziz) B Martyn Bal (/wiki/Martyn_Bal) Arend Basile (/wiki/Arend_Basile) D Wilbert Das (/wiki/Wilbert_Das) Marlies Dekkers (/wiki/Marlies_Dekkers) Dominique van Dijk (/wiki/Dominique_van_Dijk) Sergio van Dijk (/wiki/Sergio_van_Dijk) Pauline van Dongen (/wiki/Pauline_van_Dongen) Catta Donkersloot (/wiki/Catta_Donkersloot) Peet Dullaert (/wiki/Peet_Dullaert) E Kurt Elshot (/wiki/Kurt_Elshot) F Fong Leng (/wiki/Fong_Leng) The Fool (design collective) (/wiki/The_Fool_(design_collective)) Camiel Fortgens (/wiki/Camiel_Fortgens) G Olcay Gulsen (/wiki/Olcay_Gulsen) H Michael van der Ham (/wiki/Michael_van_der_Ham) Monique van Heist (/wiki/Monique_van_Heist) Iris van Herpen (/wiki/Iris_van_Herpen) Viktor Horsting (/wiki/Viktor_Horsting) I Percy Irausquin (/wiki/Percy_Irausquin) K Ronald van der Kemp (/wiki/Ronald_van_der_Kemp) Bas Kosters (/wiki/Bas_Kosters) Addy van den Krommenacker (/wiki/Addy_van_den_Krommenacker) L Christian Lagerwaard (/wiki/Christian_Lagerwaard) Rolf Leeser (/wiki/Rolf_Leeser) M Frans Molenaar (/wiki/Frans_Molenaar) N Annelies Nuy (/wiki/Annelies_Nuy) O Sanae Orchi (/wiki/Sanae_Orchi) S Schepers Bosman (/wiki/Schepers_Bosman) Alexander van Slobbe (/wiki/Alexander_van_Slobbe) Rolf Snoeren (/wiki/Rolf_Snoeren) T Jan Taminiau (/wiki/Jan_Taminiau) Josephus Thimister (/wiki/Josephus_Thimister) V Marly van der Velden (/wiki/Marly_van_der_Velden) Mart Visser (/wiki/Mart_Visser) Edgar Vos (/wiki/Edgar_Vos) W Warmenhoven & Venderbos (/wiki/Warmenhoven_%26_Venderbos) Sven Westendorp (/wiki/Sven_Westendorp) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Dutch_fashion_designers&oldid=995399657 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Dutch_fashion_designers&oldid=995399657) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Dutch designers (/wiki/Category:Dutch_designers) Dutch fashion (/wiki/Category:Dutch_fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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