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British clothing retailer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pour_Moi_Ltd) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Pour_Moi_Ltd) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pour_Moi_Ltd) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Pour Moi Ltd" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Pour Moi Ltd" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pour+Moi+Ltd%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Pour Moi Ltd Company type Private limited company (/wiki/Private_limited_company) Industry Retail Founded 1998 ; 26 years ago ( 1998 ) Macclesfield (/wiki/Macclesfield) , UK Founder Michael Thomson Headquarters Brighton (/wiki/Brighton,_East_Sussex) , UK [1] (#cite_note-glance-1) Number of locations 1 Store [1] (#cite_note-glance-1) Area served United Kingdom United States Europe Asia Middle East Products Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) , swimwear, nightwear, clothing Website pourmoi (https://pourmoi.co.uk/) .co (https://pourmoi.co.uk/) .uk (https://pourmoi.co.uk/) Pour Moi Ltd (generally known as Pour Moi) is a British multinational fashion brand specialising in lingerie, swimwear, nightwear, clothing and sportswear which has its headquarters in Brighton (/wiki/Brighton) , England. [2] (#cite_note-2) Pour Moi has three stores based in Chester (/wiki/Chester) and Leeds (/wiki/Leeds) selling online to over 50 countries worldwide. History [ edit ] Pour Moi started in Macclesfield (/wiki/Macclesfield) , Cheshire in 1998 and began selling bras via independent boutique Elle Lingerie in Rugby (/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire) in 2005. They launched their first independent retail store in Macclesfield, followed by another shop in Chester soon afterwards, along with concessions in Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) and Littlewoods (/wiki/Littlewoods) . Pour Moi has grown its base of wholesale clients to include Asos (/wiki/Asos) , Next (/wiki/Next_plc) and Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) and entered the US market with Bare Necessities (/wiki/Bare_Necessities_(company)) in 2019. In January 2019, Pour Moi acquired Charnos, Lepel & LF Intimates. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Pour Moi launched its direct-to-consumer website in 2015, and a US website in December 2020. Operations [ edit ] Pour Moi has a three channel model: wholesale, via partners such as Asos and Next; direct-to-consumer via its two websites, and via its stores in Chester and Leeds. Pour Moi works closely with celebrities & influencers, releasing edits with Love Island star India Reynolds (/wiki/India_Reynolds) , actress Helen Flanagan (/wiki/Helen_Flanagan) , television and media personality Vicky Pattison (/wiki/Vicky_Pattison) and Jess Wright (/wiki/Jess_Wright) from The Only Way is Essex (/wiki/The_Only_Way_is_Essex) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Its Energy Empower U/W Lightly Padded Sports Bra (https://www.pourmoi.co.uk/products/energy-empower-u-or-w-lightly-padded-convertible-sports-bra/?styleid=82494&source=findologic&curr=GBP) has received several recommendations from publications such as Closer, Good Housekeeping and Women's Running. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) It also collaborated with Melanie Brown (/wiki/Mel_B) to launch its 'Own Your Confidence' campaign (https://www.pourmoi.co.uk/pourmoibabes/pour-moi-babes-own-your-confidence-with-scary-spice-herself-mel-b) . [9] (#cite_note-9) With additional collaboration with the style guru, television presenter and star of How To Look Good Naked (/wiki/How_to_Look_Good_Naked) , Gok Wan (/wiki/Gok_Wan) , who joined forces with Pour Moi on the continuation of their Own Your Confidence campaign. [10] (#cite_note-10) Management [ edit ] Michael Thomson is the CEO and Founder of Pour Moi. Awards [ edit ] Pour Moi was announced of the womenswear brand of the year at the 2022 Drapers Awards (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/drapers-awards-2022-winners-revealed#:~:text=Marks%20%26%20Spencer%2C%20New%20Look%2C,at%20this%20year's%20Drapers%20Awards.) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Previously it was shortlisted as a finalist in the 2021 Drapers Awards (https://awards.drapersonline.com/shortlist-2021) for Lingerie Brand of the Year and Best Marketing Campaign of 2021 with the #GetYourWiggleOn Campaign. [12] (#cite_note-12) Pour Moi was shortlisted as a finalist in the Drapers Awards (https://awards.drapersonline.com/) in 2019, in the Lingerie Brand of the Year category. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2022 Pour Moi launch of their own initiative, the Pour Moi Uplifting Women Awards (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2022/03/10/pour-moi-launches-uplifting-women-awards/) , [14] (#cite_note-14) an event that recognises the amazing achievements of women from across the UK. Following the success of its 2022 awards evening, Pour Moi hosted the second Pour Moi Uplifting Women Awards in 2023 (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2023/03/08/pour-moi-announce-the-uplifting-women-awards-2023-on-international-womens-day/) [15] (#cite_note-15) with broadcast and journalist Vanessa Feltz appearing as one of the judges. [16] (#cite_note-16) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.pourmoi.co.uk/) References [ edit ] ^ a b "About Us" (https://www.pourmoi.co.uk/about-us) . Pour Moi Ltd . Retrieved 14 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Coronavirus: Brighton-based Pour Moi records booming lingerie sales in lockdown" (https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/19032993.company-feels-just-fab/) . The Argus . 31 January 2021 . Retrieved 2021-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Charnos & Lepel sold to Pour Moi" (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2019/01/16/charnos-lepel-sold-to-lf-intimates/) . 16 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Lingerie brands cancel spring 19 orders" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/lingerie-brands-cancel-spring-19-orders) . 25 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Jess Wright launches swimwear collection with Pour Moi (And Olivia Bowen is already a fan)" (https://closeronline.co.uk/shopping/fashion/jess-wright-pour-moi/) . 4 September 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jess Wright launches swimwear collection with Pour Moi (and Olivia Bowen is already a fan)" (https://closeronline.co.uk/shopping/fashion/jess-wright-pour-moi/) . Closer . Retrieved 2021-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "14 of the best supportive sports bras to kick start the new year" (https://closeronline.co.uk/shopping/fitness/best-supportive-sports-bra/) . 23 February 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Best Sports Bras 2021: 14 Best Sports Bras For Every Workout" (https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/uk/product-reviews/health-leisure/g36427138/best-sports-bras/) . 20 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-9) O'Toole, Scarlett (2023-12-06). "Mel B urges women to 'think less about being thin' amid body image pressures" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/us-celebrity-news/spice-girls-star-mel-b-31611936) . The Mirror . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "GOK WAN JOINS FORCES WITH POUR MOI" (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2023/10/23/gok-wan-joins-forces-with-pour-moi/) . underlinesmagazine.com . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fish, Isabella (2022-11-16). "Drapers Awards 2022 winners revealed" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/drapers-awards-2022-winners-revealed) . Drapers . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Shortlist 2021 | Drapers Awards" (https://awards.drapersonline.com/shortlist-2021) . awards.drapersonline.com . Retrieved 2021-10-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Home | Drapers Awards" (https://awards.drapersonline.com/) . awards.drapersonline.com . Retrieved 2021-10-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "POUR MOI LAUNCHES THE UPLIFTING WOMEN AWARDS" (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2022/03/10/pour-moi-launches-uplifting-women-awards/) . underlinesmagazine.com . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "POUR MOI ANNOUNCE THE UPLIFTING WOMEN AWARDS 2023 ON INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY" (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2023/03/08/pour-moi-announce-the-uplifting-women-awards-2023-on-international-womens-day/) . underlinesmagazine.com . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Vanessa Feltz: I want my grandchildren to see me having adventures" (https://www.independent.co.uk/celebrity-news/vanessa-feltz-tv-presenter-london-one-europe-b2304147.html) . The Independent . 2023-03-20 . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pour_Moi_Ltd&oldid=1234786243 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pour_Moi_Ltd&oldid=1234786243) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British companies established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:British_companies_established_in_1998) Clothing brands of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_the_United_Kingdom) Companies based in Brighton (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Brighton) Lingerie brands (/wiki/Category:Lingerie_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from August 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles lacking reliable references from August 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2021) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues)
Small tube that is rolled into a person's hair in order to curl it This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hair_roller) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Hair roller" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hair+roller%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hair+roller%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hair+roller%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hair+roller%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hair+roller%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hair+roller%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Three hair rollers of different diameters. Hair rollers in Tanzania 1960s Carmen hair roller heating device A hair roller or hair curler is a small tube that is rolled into a person's hair (/wiki/Hair) in order to curl (/wiki/Curly_hair) it, or to straighten (/wiki/Hair_straightening) curly hair, making a new hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) . [1] (#cite_note-Marie_Claire_-_17_October_2015_-_The_Modern_Way_to_Use_Hair_Curlers-1) The diameter of a roller varies from approximately 0.8 inches (20 mm) to 1.5 inches (38 mm). The hair is heated, and the rollers strain and break the hydrogen bonds (/wiki/Hydrogen_bond) [ citation needed ] of each hair's cortex, which causes the hair to curl. The hydrogen bonds reform after the hair is moistened. A hot roller or hot curler is designed to be heated in an electric chamber before one rolls it into the hair. [2] (#cite_note-2) Alternatively, a hair dryer (/wiki/Hair_dryer) heats the hair after the rolls are in place. Hair spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) can temporarily fix curled hair in place. In 1930, Solomon Harper (/wiki/Solomon_Harper) created the first electrically heated hair rollers, then creating a better design in 1953. In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest (/wiki/Miss_America_protest) , protesters symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can". These included hair rollers, [3] (#cite_note-3) which were among items the protesters called "instruments of female torture" [4] (#cite_note-4) and accoutrements of what they perceived to be enforced femininity (/wiki/Femininity) . Velcro hair roller [ edit ] A Velcro hair roller is made of a strip of hook and loop fasteners that is wrapped around cylinders. They are available in different sizes and can be used on dry or wet hair. The rollers are self-holding because they do not need pins or clips to be held in place and do not need heat to be applied to create the curls. Typically kept in the hair for about fifteen minutes. To clean Velcro hair rollers hair should be removed from them and then soaked in shampoo and water mixture followed by a vinegar solution to remove any excess oil or dirt. [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Barrette (/wiki/Barrette) Hair iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) Hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) Scissors (/wiki/Scissors) Shampoo and set (/wiki/Shampoo_and_set) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Marie_Claire_-_17_October_2015_-_The_Modern_Way_to_Use_Hair_Curlers_1-0) Valenti, Lauren (October 17, 2015). "The Modern Way to Use Hair Curlers" (http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a16422/how-to-use-hair-rollers/) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Hearst Communications (/wiki/Hearst_Communications) . Retrieved 2 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Corporation, Conair. "How to Use Hot Rollers for Long Lasting Curls and Volume" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180507154453/https://www.conair.com/co/89/how-to-use-hot-rollers-for-long-lasting-curls-and-volume/367) . Conair® Corporation . Archived from the original (https://www.conair.com/co/89/how-to-use-hot-rollers-for-long-lasting-curls-and-volume/367) on 2018-05-07 . Retrieved 2018-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dow, Bonnie J. (Spring 2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology". Rhetoric & Public Affairs . 6 (1): 127–149. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1353/rap.2003.0028 (https://doi.org/10.1353%2Frap.2003.0028) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 143094250 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143094250) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Duffett, Judith (October 1968). WLM vs. Miss America . p. 4. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "How To Properly Clean Your Hair Tools" (https://www.refinery29.com/how-to-clean-hair-tools#slide-5) . Retrieved 2018-05-06 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hair rollers (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hair_rollers) . Look up hair roller (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/hair_roller) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s) 1980s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s) Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Part (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) Payot (/wiki/Payot) Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Pompadour (/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)) Ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) Punch perm (/wiki/Punch_perm) Professional cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Queue (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) Quiff (/wiki/Quiff) Rattail (/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)) Razor cut (/wiki/Razor_cut) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) Shag (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) Shape-up (/wiki/Shape-up) Shikha (/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)) Shimada (/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)) Short back and sides (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Short brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Short hair (/wiki/Short_hair) Spiky hair (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) Standard haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Step cut (/wiki/Step_cutting) Surfer hair (/wiki/Surfer_hair) Taper cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Temple fade (/wiki/Temple_fade_(hairstyle)) Titus cut (/wiki/Titus_cut) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Updo (/wiki/Updo) Undercut (/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)) Victory rolls (/wiki/Victory_rolls) Waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Widow's peak (/wiki/Widow%27s_peak) Wings (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) ( list (/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles) ) Beard (/wiki/Beard) Chinstrap (/wiki/Chinstrap_beard) Goatee (/wiki/Goatee) Ned Kelly (/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard) Shenandoah (/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)) Soul patch (/wiki/Soul_patch) Van Dyke (/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard) Moustache (/wiki/Moustache) Fu Manchu (/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache) handlebar (/wiki/Handlebar_moustache) horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache) pencil (/wiki/Pencil_moustache) toothbrush (/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache) walrus (/wiki/Walrus_moustache) Designer stubble (/wiki/Designer_stubble) Sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) Hair subtraction cosmetic Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) Shaving (/wiki/Shaving) head (/wiki/Head_shaving) leg (/wiki/Leg_shaving) cream (/wiki/Shaving_cream) brush (/wiki/Shaving_brush) soap (/wiki/Shaving_soap) Razor (/wiki/Razor) electric (/wiki/Electric_shaver) safety (/wiki/Safety_razor) straight (/wiki/Straight_razor) disorders Alopecia (/wiki/Hair_loss) areata (/wiki/Alopecia_areata) totalis (/wiki/Alopecia_totalis) universalis (/wiki/Alopecia_universalis) Frictional alopecia (/wiki/Frictional_alopecia) Pattern hair loss (/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss) Hypertrichosis (/wiki/Hypertrichosis) Management (/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss) Trichophilia (/wiki/Trichophilia) Trichotillomania (/wiki/Trichotillomania) Pogonophobia (/wiki/Pogonophobia) Haircare products Brush (/wiki/Hairbrush) Clay (/wiki/Hair_clay) Clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) Comb (/wiki/Comb) Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Dryer (/wiki/Hair_dryer) Gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) Hairstyling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) Hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) Iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) Pomade (/wiki/Pomade) Relaxer (/wiki/Relaxer) Rollers Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) Volumizer (/wiki/Hair_volumizer) Wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Haircare techniques Backcombing (/wiki/Backcombing) Hair coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) Hair cutting (/wiki/Hair_cutting) Perm (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) Shampoo and set (/wiki/Shampoo_and_set) Straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) Health and medical Greying of hair (/wiki/Greying_of_hair) Hair follicle (/wiki/Hair_follicle) Hair growth (/wiki/Human_hair_growth) Trichology (/wiki/Trichology) Related Andre Walker Hair Typing System (/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System) Beard and haircut laws by country (/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country) Bearded lady (/wiki/Bearded_lady) Barber (/wiki/Barber) ( pole (/wiki/Barber%27s_pole) ) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Frizz (/wiki/Frizz) Good hair (/wiki/Good_hair) Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) list (/wiki/List_of_hairdressers) Hair fetishism (/wiki/Hair_fetishism) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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South African women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) South Africa portal (/wiki/Portal:South_Africa) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:South African fashion designers (/wiki/Category:South_African_fashion_designers) . It includes South African fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐84njh Cached time: 20240720204857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.126 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4069/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 313/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.047/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 934529/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 106.069 1 -total 46.71% 49.542 1 Template:Portal 37.85% 40.143 1 Template:Non-diffusing 30.01% 31.829 1 Template:Cmbox 15.21% 16.134 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 11.86% 12.579 2 Template:Category_other 9.36% 9.929 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 4.24% 4.500 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.95% 2.069 1 Template:Template_other 1.95% 2.065 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72301056-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204857 and revision id 1177799137. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "South African women fashion designers" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Valerie Desmore (/wiki/Valerie_Desmore) J Kara Janx (/wiki/Kara_Janx) K Abigail Keats (/wiki/Abigail_Keats) M Thabo Makhetha-Kwinana (/wiki/Thabo_Makhetha-Kwinana) Nkhensani Manganyi (/wiki/Nkhensani_Manganyi) Susan Matheson (/wiki/Susan_Matheson) Enhle Mbali Mlotshwa (/wiki/Enhle_Mbali_Mlotshwa) Palesa Mokubung (/wiki/Palesa_Mokubung) S Daniella Shevel (/wiki/Daniella_Shevel) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:South_African_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799137 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:South_African_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799137) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : South African fashion designers (/wiki/Category:South_African_fashion_designers) South African women artists (/wiki/Category:South_African_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Smart shirt Hexoskin [1] (#cite_note-1) is an open data (/wiki/Open_data) smart shirt for monitoring EKG (/wiki/EKG) , heart rate (/wiki/Heart_rate) , heart rate variability (/wiki/Heart_rate_variability) , breathing rate (/wiki/Breathing_rate) , breathing volume (/wiki/Respiratory_minute_volume) , actigraphy (/wiki/Actigraphy) and other activity measurements like step counting (/wiki/Pedometer) and cadence (/wiki/Cadence_(gait)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Hexoskin allows real-time [3] (#cite_note-3) remote health monitoring on smartphones and tablets using Bluetooth. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The smart shirt was created to be used for personal self-experiments, and has also been used by health researchers to study physiology, elite and professional athletes to optimize their physical conditioning, and astronauts to train for space missions. [8] (#cite_note-8) All the articles quoted below are hearsay from the company itself and are currently un contactable Hexoskin embeds physiological sensors in smart textiles (/wiki/Smart_textiles) materials, and is a connected object in the sense of the Internet of things (/wiki/Internet_of_things) concept. [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] Clothing technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Wearable technology (/wiki/Wearable_technology) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McKenna, Alain (July 23, 2012). "The future of computing is in the smart clothing" (https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Ftechno.lapresse.ca%2Fnouvelles%2F201207%2F23%2F01-4558122-lavenir-de-linformatique-est-dans-le-vetement-intelligent.php) . La Presse. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Packed with sensors, Hexoskin shirt replaces wearable fitness trackers" (http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/packed-with-sensors-hexoskin-shirt-replaces-wearable-fitness-gadgets/) . Digital Trends. September 18, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sensor-packed Hexoskin shirt measures performance in real time" (http://www.gizmag.com/hexoskin-sensor-t-shirt-body-metrics/29098/) . Gizmag. September 19, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hexoskin--A Second Skin for the Quantified Athlete And Maybe Even You!" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnnosta/2013/06/30/hexoskin-a-second-skin-for-the-quantified-athlete-and-maybe-even-you/) . Forbes . June 30, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hexoskin is a Bluetooth Shirt that Keeps Track of Your Vitals" (http://www.crunchwear.com/hexoskin-is-a-bluetooth-shirt-that-keeps-track-of-your-vitals/) . CrunchWear. June 5, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Reliable Wireless Personal Health Monitoring" (http://www.connectblue.com/references/wireless-segments/medical-healthcare/carre-technologies) . Connect Blue. Sep 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Hexoskin is putting the wearable in wearable computing with a sensor-packed shirt" (http://gigaom.com/2013/09/11/hexoskin-is-putting-the-wearable-in-wearable-computing-with-a-sensor-packed-shirt/) . GigaOM. September 11, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Hexoskin wearable technology helps elite athletes, astronauts" (http://cbc.ca/news/canada/hexoskin-wearable-technology-helps-elite-athletes-astronauts-1.2607846) . CBC. April 11, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Swan, Melanie (November 8, 2012). "Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable Computing, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0" (http://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/1/3/217/pdf-vor) . Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks . 1 (3): 217–253. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3390/jsan1030217 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fjsan1030217) . 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Hand coolers can be traced back to the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) and the 19th century in America. [ citation needed ] This small, cooled, egg-shaped item originally made of porcelain, marble, glass or crystal and just slightly smaller than an actual egg [1] (#cite_note-1) would be nestled in the palms of Victorian ladies to ward off the possibility of the social humiliation of a wet, warm handshake (/wiki/Handshake) . Since extending one's hand was the common gesture for the invitation to dance, hand coolers became invaluable as during that time it was unacceptable for ladies to have hot, sweaty hands. In France during this time period, it was expected that a ladies' hand would be cool and dry when kissed in greeting by an admiring male. This simple fact was made all the more problematic by the fact that women wore layers upon layers of clothing as part of the Victorian fashions (/wiki/Victorian_clothing) , trapping in body heat. One means of dealing with this problem was the hand cooler. It was also believed that cooling one's hands would help ward off disease and prevent the common issue of fainting from wearing all those heavy clothes. Hand coolers have become one of the forgotten useful items that fall under the heading of Victorian decorative arts (/wiki/Victorian_decorative_arts) and now can only be found as recreations or at auction. [2] (#cite_note-2) [ better source needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Campbell, Gordon. The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A St. Louis hand cooler | Christie's" (http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=2055761&sid=08db9aaf-d92b-49af-a49e-c35216b55817) . Christies.com . Retrieved 2012-01-07 . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand_cooler&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐tqx9m Cached time: 20240713211416 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.218 seconds Real time usage: 0.280 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 498/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8848/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1227/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8990/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.152/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3065404/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 261.824 1 -total 41.31% 108.169 1 Template:Reflist 35.74% 93.580 1 Template:Cite_web 29.05% 76.056 1 Template:Fashion-stub 28.17% 73.755 1 Template:Asbox 25.66% 67.173 1 Template:Citation_needed 20.72% 54.256 2 Template:Fix 12.27% 32.131 3 Template:Category_handler 3.70% 9.678 2 Template:Delink 3.16% 8.282 1 Template:Better_source_needed Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29448757-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713211416 and revision id 1104405486. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand_cooler&oldid=1104405486 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand_cooler&oldid=1104405486) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion accessories (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessories) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2017) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles lacking reliable references from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2022) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Submission declined on 4 July 2024 by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:SafariScribe) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. 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Add tags to your draft show Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Nunui+Rualhleng%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Nunui_Rualhleng) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Nunui_Rualhleng&defaults=y) Declined by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 14 days ago. Last edited by SafariScribe (/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 14 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Bluntlysharp&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Indian model and actress Nunui Rualhleng Rualhleng at Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) talent round Born R Lalnunthari ( 1994-06-25 ) 25 June 1994 (age 30) Aizawl (/wiki/Aizawl) , Mizoram (/wiki/Mizoram) , India Alma mater Govt. Hrangbana College Occupation(s) Model, Actress Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Femina Miss India Mizoram 2019, Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) (Top 12) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Major competition(s) Miss Mizoram (/wiki/Miss_Mizoram) 2019 (Winner) Miss India Mizoram 2019 (Winner) Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) (Top 12) Nunui Rualhleng is an Indian (/wiki/Indian_people) model, actress and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Mizoram (/wiki/Miss_Mizoram) 2019 who later represented her state Mizoram (/wiki/Mizoram) at the Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) competition. [1] (#cite_note-1) She secured as a top 12 finalist. Early life and education [ edit ] Lalnunthari Rualhleng also known as Nunui Rualhleng, was born on June 25, 1994, in Mizoram (/wiki/Mizoram) . She attended Government Mizo Higher Secondary school in Aizawl (/wiki/Aizawl) , Mizoram. Later, she was enrolled in Government Hrangbana College at Aizawl, Mizoram. As for her hobbies, she likes to keep herself busy with craftworks and stitching (/wiki/Stitching) . Additionally, she enjoys singing (/wiki/Singing) . Before gaining limelight, Lalnunthari worked as an employee in the Government Health Department. Besides being a health worker, she has constantly associated herself with various NGO (/wiki/NGO) ’s and has actively conducted campaigns to create awareness on voluntary blood donations . It has been her passion and dream to help the world. As someone who seeks to help the needy, she plans to have a foundation that can help people with HIV (/wiki/HIV) disease and their children . Modelling and Pageantry [ edit ] Lalnunthari pursued modeling and posed as a model for various assignments. Lalnunthari has walked the ramp as a show stopper in several fashion weeks including the 19th and 20th edition of Bangalore Fashion Week (/wiki/Bangalore_Fashion_Week) , 5th edition of Bombay Times Fashion Week , and more. In April 2019, Lalnunthari was selected as the direct appointment of the state representative of Mizoram (/wiki/Mizoram) for the Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) . Lalnunthari Rualhleng succeeded Lily Lalremkimi Darnei (/w/index.php?title=Lily_Lalremkimi_Darnei&action=edit&redlink=1) as Miss India Mizoram 2019. She was crowned as the fbb Colours Femina Miss India Mizoram 2019 by the Femina Miss India Universe 2002 , Neha Dhupia (/wiki/Neha_Dhupia) . Lalnunthari Rualhleng won the Dr.Tvacha Miss Photogenic award and f bb Miss Talented award in the sub-contest conducted for the east-zone. Lalnunthari represented Mizoram in the Femina Miss India 2019 and ended up as the top 12 finalists. Lalnunthari showcased her singing skills during the talent round hosted at Miss India 2019. She bagged the Miss Fashion Icon and Miss Congeniality subtitle awards. Television [ edit ] Year Title Role 2021 Special Ops 1.5 (/wiki/Special_Ops_1.5) Chinese Girlfriend 2023 Ishqyapa (/w/index.php?title=Ishqyapa&action=edit&redlink=1) Puii Music Videos [ edit ] Year Title Singer 2017 It's Alright, It's Ok Zoramchhani, Vanlalpari, Dr Laldinthari 2024 About Us Fortitude References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Bollywood Model Lalnunthari Rualhleng Biography, News, Photos, Videos" (https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/model/lalnunthari-rualhleng) . nettv4u . 2. Ishqyapa: Embark on a journey of love and fantasy as Amazon miniTV announces its new romantic series (https://planetbollywood.com/wp/news/ishqyapa-embark-on-a-journey-of-love-and-fantasy-as-amazon-minitv-announces-its-new-romantic-series/) 3. 'Ishqyapa' Trailer: Nunui Rualhleng And Paramvir Singh Cheema Starrer 'Ishqyapa' Official Trailer (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/hindi/ishqyapa-trailer-priyanshu-painyuli-and-chandan-roy-sanyal-starrer-ishqyapa-official-trailer/videoshow/105624546.cms) 4. FANS CAN’T KEEP CALM AS AMAZON MINITV ANNOUNCED THEIR UPCOMING ROMANTIC DRAMA SERIES, ISHYAPA (https://bollywoodtimes11.com/fans-cant-keep-calm-as-amazon-minitv-announced-their-upcoming-romantic-drama-series-ishyapa/) 5. Amazon miniTV Presents ‘Ishqyapa’: A Heartwarming Journey of Love and Diversity (https://technosports.co.in/amazon-minitv-presents-ishqyapa/) 6. Nunui bagged two subtitles at Miss India 2019 (https://www.vanglaini.org/thalai/30790) 7. Nunui to be starred at netflix & Disney HotStar web series. (https://www.exploremizoram.com/2021/08/netflix-leh-disney-hotstar-web-series.html) 8. Femina Miss India Mizoram 2019 Nunui Rualhleng (https://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2019/03/31/femina-miss-india-2019-north-east-winners/56255603%20405255880288255%20401283523224272896%20n/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐mk8rr Cached time: 20240719024830 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.502 seconds Real time usage: 0.759 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3030/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 89201/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8743/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13495/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.307/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7230731/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 709.217 1 -total 44.51% 315.637 1 Template:AFC_submission 42.44% 300.990 1 Template:AfC_submission/declined 41.53% 294.517 1 Template:Ombox 26.50% 187.922 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 18.13% 128.579 1 Template:Reflist 16.16% 114.587 1 Template:Cite_web 15.72% 111.502 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 15.32% 108.621 4 Template:Hidden 5.94% 42.108 1 Template:Find_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76514926-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719024830 and revision id 1232556443. 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Swiss fashion designer and entrepreneur of French origin Gaby Jouval (January 17, 1892 – June 26, 1946) was a Swiss (/wiki/Swiss_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) of French origin. [1] (#cite_note-1) In the 1940s, her models set the fashion trends in Switzerland and were followed abroad. Her full name was Gabrielle Antoinette Desirée Schuppisser-Jouval. She was recruited by a Zürich (/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich) hat manufacturer while she was in Munich learning German and went to Zürich in 1915 to work with Claire Bouissou. She worked at the company called Bliss in Zürich designing hats for Claire Bouissou. [2] (#cite_note-2) She opened her own haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) in 1930 and employed between 70 and 80 employees. It was common for customers to fly from abroad to her shop. She married Willy Schuppisser [3] (#cite_note-ernstwehrli.ch-3) in 1940 and he worked in the business as well. When Jouval died after a cerebral hemorrhage (/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage) and coma (/wiki/Coma) , her husband ran the business until he gave it up in the 1950s. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Helporträtt av kvinna i kappa av Gaby Jouval, päls i handen" (https://digitaltmuseum.se/011014113157/helportratt-av-kvinna-i-kappa-av-gaby-jouval-pals-i-handen) . Digital Museum . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Das Werk : Architektur und Kunst = L'oeuvre : architecture et art" (https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?rid=wbw-002:1943:30::997#440) . e-periodica.ch . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-ernstwehrli.ch_3-0) "Willy Schuppiser, 1892 - 1983" (http://www.ernstwehrli.ch/T-MALERGRUPPE/FREUNDE/SCHUPPISER-WILLY/Schuppiser-Willy.html) . ernstwehrli.ch . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/311721263) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062450124) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1062450124.html?language=en) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Jouval&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐p2zsb Cached time: 20240713070104 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.250 seconds Real time usage: 0.323 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 382/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12874/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 666/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20144/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.184/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4245386/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 305.129 1 -total 34.43% 105.060 1 Template:Reflist 30.13% 91.946 1 Template:Authority_control 29.16% 88.962 3 Template:Cite_web 23.88% 72.872 1 Template:Short_description 12.91% 39.394 2 Template:Pagetype 10.59% 32.309 1 Template:Fashion-bio-stub 9.94% 30.345 1 Template:Asbox 7.00% 21.369 3 Template:Main_other 6.30% 19.220 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57868477-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713070104 and revision id 1216125195. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Jouval&oldid=1216125195 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Jouval&oldid=1216125195) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1892 births (/wiki/Category:1892_births) 1946 deaths (/wiki/Category:1946_deaths) Swiss fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Swiss_fashion_designers) Swiss women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Swiss_women_fashion_designers) Fashion biography stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_biography_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with DTBIO identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_DTBIO_identifiers) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
(Redirected from Kiini (/w/index.php?title=Kiini&redirect=no) ) Knitted swimwear or bikini The crochet bikini or crocheted bikini is a bikini (/wiki/Bikini) / swimsuit (/wiki/Swimsuit) crafted from yarn that has been worn since at least the 1970s. [1] (#cite_note-MMOA-1) The style gained popularity in the late 2010s as a form of boho-chic and as new brands emerged. [2] (#cite_note-prima-2) [3] (#cite_note-elle-3) A crochet bikini created by Brazilian street artist Maria Solange Ferrarini has been the focus of several lawsuits that received international attention. Turkish American entrepreneur Ipek Irgit took the idea of Ferrarini's crochet bikini during a visit to Brazil and claimed copyright on the design. Since starting her company in 2013, Irgit has made copyright claims against any similar swimwear and never credited Ferrarini. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) In 2019, Ferrarini was awarded her own copyright on the design she created. [5] (#cite_note-target-5) History [ edit ] Crochet (/wiki/Crochet) motifs became a material used for bikinis in the 1970s, among other alternative materials. [1] (#cite_note-MMOA-1) Actress Robin Byrd (/wiki/Robin_Byrd) became known for wearing a crochet bikini during the 1970s, and the look became closely associated with her image. [6] (#cite_note-timeline-6) Maria Solange Ferrarini was born 1956 or 1957 in São Carlos, Brazil (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Carlos,_Brazil) to a seamstress mother and bricklayer father. She was taught to crochet at an early age and sewed out of economic necessity. She sold her crafted garments on the beach in Trancoso, Brazil (/wiki/Trancoso,_Brazil) . As the beach town became more popular, her sales increased. British model Kelly Brook (/wiki/Kelly_Brook) was photographed wearing one of these bikinis during her visit to the town in 2012. Ferrarini signs all of her crochet bikinis. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) In 2013, Turkish American entrepreneur Ipek Irgit launched her crochet bikini under the trademark of Kiini. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) [7] (#cite_note-7) The product gained attention after model Dree Hemingway (/wiki/Dree_Hemingway) posted a picture of herself in a Kiini. [8] (#cite_note-wmag-8) [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) Irgit, who had previously worked for New York design companies, including Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) , [9] (#cite_note-lifestyle-9) branded her product by creating a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of her initials and the word bikini . Initial claim [ edit ] In 2014, Irgit obtained copyright protection for the crochet bikini design and claimed trade dress rights. [10] (#cite_note-tfl-10) [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) In 2015, Irgit sued Victoria's Secret for a similar crochet bikini. [11] (#cite_note-aba-11) Later, Irgit sued Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) and two other swimwear companies for trade violations. [11] (#cite_note-aba-11) Sally Wu, a colleague of Irgit's in the production of the Kiini, told The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) that Irgit feared that the discovery process of those lawsuits would reveal that Irgit had not actually designed the Kiini. (Irgit denied Wu's claim.) The discovery process never proceeded, and Irgit and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) settled their suit out of court. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) Other lawsuits and versions [ edit ] In April 2018, Kiini filed a federal lawsuit in the Southern District of New York, against Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , alleging unfair competition. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) A month later, Kiini amended its lawsuit against Neiman Marcus to explicitly add PilyQ, Bloomingdales (/wiki/Bloomingdales) , Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) , Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and other retailers as defendants. PilyQ is a swimwear brand which sells a line of crochet bikinis under its brand name Platinum. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) Following the lawsuit, Jason Forge, the husband of one of PilyQ's owners, sought out Brazilian street artist Maria Solange Ferrarini, to negotiate a licensing deal for her crochet bikini designs. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) Under the terms of the deal, Ferrarini was paid about $5,100 in 2018, and would earn an annual licensing fee of $7,700 as from 2019. [4] (#cite_note-nyt-4) Today [ edit ] As of October 2019 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crochet_bikini&action=edit) , Neiman Marcus, [11] (#cite_note-aba-11) Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) [5] (#cite_note-target-5) and other retailers [12] (#cite_note-chic-12) continue to sell their own versions of crochet bikinis, while Irgit's lawsuits against them, and Ferrarini's lawsuit against Irgit, continue to work their way through the courts. Ferrarini was awarded her own copyright on her crochet bikini design by the United States Copyright Office (/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office) in January 2019. [5] (#cite_note-target-5) Ferrarini's copyright was awarded under the title "Ferrarini Bikini". [13] (#cite_note-13) Crochet bikinis can also be crafted as a DIY item. [2] (#cite_note-prima-2) There are many crochet bikini lookalikes for the Kiini. [12] (#cite_note-chic-12) As of March 2023, retailers such as Urban Outfitters, ASOS, and Amazon are selling crocheted bikinis as well as cover-ups and dresses. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Charleston, Beth Duncuff (October 2004). "The Bikini" (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/biki/hd_biki.htm) . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved August 15, 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How to crochet a bikini for summer" (https://www.prima.co.uk/craft/a28113822/crochet-bikini/) . June 20, 2019 . Retrieved June 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-elle_3-0) Carreon, Justine (May 2, 2017). "17 Crochet Bikinis That Were Basically Made For Summer" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/shopping/g29852/crochet-bikini-bathing-suits/) . Elle . Retrieved 2019-01-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Rosman, Katherine (March 29, 2017). "The Itsy-Bitsy, Teenie-Weenie, Very Litigious Bikini" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/business/kiini-bikini-lawsuit-ipek-irgit-solange-ferrarini.html) . Retrieved March 29, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Rosman, Katherine (26 June 2019). "Target Pulls New Thread in Bikini Yarn" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/26/style/kiini-crocheted-bikini-lawsuit-target.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-timeline_6-0) Buck, Stephanie (March 15, 2017). "The wholesomely pornographic Robin Byrd sued Time Warner to keep her show on the air" (https://timeline.com/robin-byrd-show-ed92d1e790e1) . Retrieved March 15, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kiini (http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=85910161) ^ (#cite_ref-wmag_8-0) Sagansky, Gillian (September 15, 2014). "Bikinis Forever" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/ipek-irgit-kiini-swimwear) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-lifestyle_9-0) "Introducing Ipek Irgit: The Designer Behind This Summer's Hottest Swimwear Brand" (https://www.thelifestyleedit.com/kiini-swimwear-designer-ipek-irgit/) . March 29, 2017 . Retrieved March 29, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-tfl_10-0) Givner, Ariel (March 29, 2017). "Kiini, Victoria's Secret Settle Swimsuit Infringement Lawsuit" (http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/kiini-victorias-secret-settle-swimsuit-infringement-lawsuit) . Retrieved March 29, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Weiss, Debra Cassens (2019-01-02). "Who owns the copyright to a crocheted bikini? Legal battle waged by Kiini maker takes a turn" (http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/who-owns-the-copyright-to-a-crocheted-bikini-legal-battle-waged-by-kiini-maker-takes-a-turn) . ABA Journal . Retrieved 2019-01-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b Julia, Maria (May 11, 2018). "7 WEBSITES FOR BEAUTIFUL KIINI LOOK ALIKES (FOR CHEAP!)" (https://chicpursuit.com/kiini-look-alike-bikinis/) . Retrieved May 11, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ferrarini, Maria Solange (2018-06-23). "Ferrarini Bikini Copyright Application" (https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&Search%5FArg=ferrarini&Search%5FCode=TALL&CNT=25&PID=F7XvuwbDeto0rZFj60iGTaIW4mP_&SEQ=20191208174944&SID=1) . United States Copyright Catalog . Retrieved December 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Muhammad, Latifah (2023-03-29). "Boho Style: Where to Buy the Perfect Crochet Bikinis, Dresses, Tops & Coverups" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/where-to-buy-crochet-bikini-1235031943/) . Billboard . Retrieved 2023-05-04 . 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Japanese fashion designer (born 1985) Yuima Nakazato ユイマナカザト Born ( 1985-09-29 ) 29 September 1985 (age 38) Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan Education Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Antwerp)) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Website https://www.yuimanakazato.com/ (https://www.yuimanakazato.com/) Yuima Nakazato (born 29 September 1985 in Tokyo) is a Japanese fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and an eponymous fashion brand. As of 2023, he is the only guest member of Haute Couture Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) from Japan. Early life and education [ edit ] Yuima Nakazato was born in Tokyo to a family of a sculptor and a jewelry designer. [ citation needed ] He began making clothes as a self-taught designer from his high school days before graduating from the Antwerp Royal Academy (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Antwerp)) with a degree in fashion design in 2008. At the time, he was the youngest Japanese graduate from the program. [1] (#cite_note-1) While at Antwerp, Nakazato instructors included Linda Loppa (/wiki/Linda_Loppa) , Dries van Noten (/wiki/Dries_van_Noten) and Walter Van Beirendonck (/wiki/Walter_Van_Beirendonck) . [ citation needed ] His graduation piece was awarded an Innovation Award from a designer Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) for incorporated ideas from origami (/wiki/Origami) , where the dress changes into a three-dimensional sculptural piece when opened. Shoes that he designed as a student are preserved in ModeMuseum Antwerpen (/wiki/ModeMuseum_Antwerpen) . [2] (#cite_note-gov-online.go.jp-2) Career [ edit ] In 2009, Nakazato launched his eponymous label after becoming the only finalist in the history of ITS (/wiki/International_Talent_Support) to be selected for two different competitions in different editions. [3] (#cite_note-3) That year, he presented his first collection at showroom in Antwerp together with other graduates from the Antwerp Academy including Demna Gvasalia (/wiki/Demna_(designer)) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Nakazato designed a costume for Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) which she wore while performing in a world tour with the Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas) in 2010. [2] (#cite_note-gov-online.go.jp-2) In October 2010, he presented his first runway collection at Yoyogi National Gymnasium (/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium) in Tokyo. [5] (#cite_note-5) He went on to collaborate with Matthew Stone (/wiki/Matthew_Stone) to create The Body Beyondo , a limited edition art book (/wiki/Artist%27s_book) , which presented his 2012 S/S collection in 2011. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) In 2016, Nakazato was invited by the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) to present his collection at the Haute Couture Week in Paris. This made him the second official guest member from Japan, following 12 years after Hanae Mori (/wiki/Hanae_Mori) 's inclusion. [7] (#cite_note-7) The brand since then continues to present couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) collections biannually as part of Haute Couture Week in Paris as of 2023. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2018, 21 21 Design Sight (/wiki/21_21_Design_Sight) , a museum in Tokyo founded by Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) mounted Nakazato’s first exhibition ‘HARMONIZE’ devoted to reintroduce his couture works to Japanese audience and was visited by Issey Miyake. [9] (#cite_note-9) Nakazato collaborated with Japan's Ministry of the Environment (/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Environment_(Japan)) in 2021 to introduce an educational program on social responsibility (/wiki/Social_responsibility) and environmental issues (/wiki/Environmental_issues) in fashion design. The program's jury included Kazuyo Sejima (/wiki/Kazuyo_Sejima) and Ai Tominaga (/wiki/Ai_Tominaga) among others. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Since 2022, Nakazato began collaborating with choreographers and theatre directors to design costumes (/wiki/Costume) for Operas (/wiki/Opera) and Ballet (/wiki/Ballet) productions in both US and Europe. In 2022 Nakazato designed costume for Belgian (/wiki/Belgium) choreographer Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui (/wiki/Sidi_Larbi_Cherkaoui) ’s artistic directorial debut at Geneva Grand Theatre (/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Gen%C3%A8ve) , [12] (#cite_note-12) immediately followed by his second collaboration with Cherkaoui for Hanjo, an opera produced by Bavarian State Opera (/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera) in Munich (/wiki/Munich) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2023, Nakazato designed costume for Boston Ballet (/wiki/Boston_Ballet) ’s new production La Mer (/wiki/La_mer_(Debussy)) , created by a Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) choreographer Nanine Linning (/w/index.php?title=Nanine_Linning&action=edit&redlink=1) [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2024, Nakazato designed costume for Geneva Grand Theatre (/wiki/Grand_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_Gen%C3%A8ve) 's new production Idomeneo (/wiki/Idomeneo) directed by Cherkaoui (/wiki/Sidi_Larbi_Cherkaoui) , [15] (#cite_note-15) making it his first costume design for the full opera production. Style [ edit ] Yuima Nakazato’s work is at the intersection of innovation, tradition and cutting-edge technology. The designer develops sustainable fashion, inspired by the creativity of haute couture and traditional Japanese techniques. His poetic vision of clothing is driven by a desire to render bespoke creations more accessible. Since his first collection, Nakazato has been creating pieces of clothes that are progressive, sustainable and able to create a unique emotional bond with the people who wear them. To achieve this, he develops techniques that he creates himself or uses from Eastern and Western craftsmanships. His inspiration, mainly drawn by nature recall the contribution of Asian thought through his work. The environmental impact of the fashion industry is one of Yuima Nakazato’s biggest concerns. His couture is a laboratory for a more responsible fashion, incorporating upcycling materials and waste that are not recycled by the industry. Alongside specialists, researchers and indus- trialists, he pushes back technological boundaries to develop innovative textiles and manufacturing processes, such as 3-D printing, creating textile fibres using fermented bacteria and implementing novel techniques. Legacy [ edit ] In 2018 KCI (Kyoto Costume Institution) acquired one of looks from his first couture collection ‘Unknown’ as the museum’s permanent collection. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2020 MoMu praised ‘the Face to Face’ project, a charity project the brand presented as alternative to regular couture collection at Haute Couture Week during the pandemic, [17] (#cite_note-17) and purchased its custom made look as permanent collection. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2022 Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg (/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg) acquired one of bio-smocking looks from brand’s EVOKE couture collection as museums permanent collection. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2024 Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode (/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_Dentelle_et_de_la_Mode) presented brand's first monographic exhibition, [20] (#cite_note-20) also making it the first exhibition for the museum to feature a Japanese fashion brand. Nakazato is the fourth Japanese fashion designer to have a retrospective held at a public art museum in France, following Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) , Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) and Hanae Mori (/wiki/Hanae_Mori) , being the youngest among them. [21] (#cite_note-21) Couture Collections [ edit ] 2016: UNKNOWN – autumn-winter 2016-2017 6 July, Palais de Tokyo 2017: IGNIS, AER, AQUA, TERRA – spring-summer 2017 23 January, Maison des métallos FREEDOM – autumn-winter 2017-2018 5 July, House of Culture of Japan in Paris 2018 : HARMONIZE – spring-summer 2018 22 January, Eléphant Paname 2019 : LIFE – spring-summer 2019, 26 January, Hôtel National des Arts et Métiers BIRTH – autumn-winter 2019-2020 30 July, École de Médecine Paris Descartes 2020 : COSMOS – spring-summer 2020 23 January, Théâtre National de Chaillot FACE TO FACE – autumn-winter 2020-2021 Alternative project 2021 : ATLAS – spring-summer 2021 Digital presentation EVOKE – autumn-winter 2021-2022 Osanbashi Hall, Yokohama, Japan and digital presentation 2022 : LIMINAL – spring-summer 2022 27 January, Oratoire du Louvre BLUE – autumn-winter 2022-2023 7 july, Palais de Tokyo 2023 : INHERIT – spring-summer 2023 25 January, Palais de Tokyo MAGMA – autumn-winter 2023-2024 5 July, Palais de Tokyo 2024 : UTAKATA – spring-summer 2024, 24 January, Palais de Tokyo UNVEIL – autumn-winter 2024-2025 26 June, Palais de Tokyo Exhibitions [ edit ] 2013 : FFI Showroom, Paris 2013 : Wonderingmode and Dreams of Reason at Centre of Contemporary Art Znaki Czasu (CoCA) in Torun (/wiki/Toru%C5%84) [22] (#cite_note-22) 2018 : HARMONIZE at 21_21 DESIGN SIGHT (/wiki/21_21_Design_Sight) , Tokyo [23] (#cite_note-23) 2018 : Japon Japonismes. Objets inspirés, 1867-2018 at Le musée des Arts décoratifs (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris) , Paris [24] (#cite_note-24) 2018 : STATE OF FASHION 2018 SEARCHING FOR THE NEW LUXURY, Arnhem (/wiki/Arnhem) [25] (#cite_note-25) 2019 : Future and the Arts: AI, Robotics, Cities, Life - How Humanity Will Live Tomorrow at Mori Museum, Tokyo [26] (#cite_note-26) 2019 : THE GINZA YUIMA NAKAZATO Exhibition and Store at THE GINZA SPACE, Tokyo [27] (#cite_note-27) 2020 : Dress Code:Are You Playing Fashion? At The National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Contemporary Art Museum, Kumamoto and Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery (/wiki/Tokyo_Opera_City_Art_Gallery) , Tokyo [28] (#cite_note-28) 2020 : Making Fashion Sense at HeK - House of Electronic Arts, Basel, Basel (/wiki/Basel) 2020 : A BIOLOGICAL FUTURE FOR FASHION BY BIOFABRICATION, AS PART OF ‘OUR TIME ON EARTH’ at Barbican Centre (/wiki/Barbican_Centre) , London (/wiki/London) [29] (#cite_note-29) 2021 : Fashion in Japan 1945-2020 at National Art Center Tokyo (/wiki/The_National_Art_Center,_Tokyo) , Tokyo [30] (#cite_note-30) 2022 : Cloud Walkers at Leeum museum (/w/index.php?title=Leeum_museum&action=edit&redlink=1) , Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) [31] (#cite_note-31) 2023 : FASHION FICTIONS at Vancouver Art Gallery (/wiki/Vancouver_Art_Gallery) , Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) . [32] (#cite_note-32) 2024 : YUIMA NAKAZATO BEYOND COUTURE at Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode (/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_Dentelle_et_de_la_Mode) , Calais (/wiki/Calais) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Awards [ edit ] VERTICE AWARD, INTERNATIONAL TALENT SUPPORT (/wiki/International_Talent_Support) #7 FASHION, 2008 [34] (#cite_note-34) YKK (/wiki/YKK) AWARD, INTERNATIONAL TALENT SUPPORT (/wiki/International_Talent_Support) #8 ACCESSORY, 2009 [35] (#cite_note-35) Mercedes Benz Presents Designer, Japan Fashion Week, 2012 [36] (#cite_note-36) SHISEIDO (/wiki/Shiseido) AWARD FOR THE BEST NEW DESIGNER OF THE YEAR, MAINICHI FASHION GRAND PRIX, 2017 [37] (#cite_note-37) WIRED (/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) Audi (/wiki/Audi) INNOVATION AWARD, 2018 [38] (#cite_note-38) Publications [ edit ] 『Matthew Stone: THE BODY BEYOND Yuima Nakazato Presents』（JUNSUKE YAMASAKI, 2011) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) 『YUIMA NAKAZATO Behind the Design』(Bookend, 2022) [39] (#cite_note-39) 『YUIMA NAKAZATO BEYOND COUTURE』(LIENART, 2024) [40] (#cite_note-40) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Yuima Nakazato" (https://6mirai.tokyo-midtown.com/en/creator/nakazato_yuima/) . ROPPONGI MIRAI KAIGI -In the city that connects the people and the Art Design- . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ a b "Haute Couture for All | March 2017 | Highlighting Japan" (https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201703/201703_11_en.html) . www.gov-online.go.jp . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) ITS, Fondazione (2020-01-01). "Yuima Nakazato. Architect of the Future" (https://itsweb.org/yuima-nakazato-architect-of-the-future/) . ITS . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pernet, Diane (2009-03-06). "A visit to FFI Showroom" (https://ashadedviewonfashion.com/2009/03/06/a-visit-to-ffi-showroom/) . A Shaded View on Fashion . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "JFW edges into Asia spotlight" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2010/10/31/general/jfw-edges-into-asia-spotlight/) . The Japan Times . 2010-10-31 . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ a b "THE BODY BEYOND by Matthew Stone" (https://twelve-books.com/products/the-body-beyond-by-matthew-stone) . twelvebooks . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "YUIMA NAKAZATO / YKK FASTENING PRODUCTS GROUP" (https://www.ykkfastening.com/about_ykk/designers/designer1.html) . YKK FASTENING PRODUCTS GROUP (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "YUIMA NAKAZATO | FHCM" (https://www.fhcm.paris/en/house/yuima-nakazato) . www.fhcm.paris . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "118 中里唯馬（ファッションデザイナー）後編｜六本木未来会議 -デザインとアートと人をつなぐ街に-" (https://6mirai.tokyo-midtown.com/interview/118_02/) . 六本木未来会議 -デザインとアートと人をつなぐ街に- (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "FASHION FRONTIER PROGRAM" (https://ffp.jp/en/) . FASHION FRONTIER PROGRAM . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230829052302/https://www.scapinoballet.nl/en/nanine-linning) 2023-08-29 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Floating Worlds - Ballets by Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui and Damien Jalet. Ballet du Grand Théâtre de Genève. From November 19 to 24 2022" (https://www.gtg.ch/en/2022-2023-season/floating-worlds/) . Grand Théâtre de Genève . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Hanjo" (https://www.staatsoper.de/en/productions/hanjo) . Operabase . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Our Journey" (https://www.bostonballet.org/performance/our-journey/) . Boston Ballet . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Idomeneo, re di Creta" (https://www.gtg.ch/en/2023-2024-season/idomeneo-re-di-creta/) . Grand Théâtre de Genève . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "「新収集作品紹介」". Fashion Talks the Journal of the Kyoto Costume Institute . 7 . The Kyoto Costume Institute: 46. 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "The Future Is Now: Yuima Nakazato's Circular Fashion System | SHOWstudio" (https://showstudio.com/news/the-future-is-now-yuima-nakazatos-circular-fashion-system) . showstudio.com . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Collection presentation - Fashion from the MoMu Collection / MoMu - Fashion Museum Antwerp" (https://www.momu.be/en/exhibitions/collection-presentation) . MoMu Antwerp . 2021-05-06 . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Chief curator, Mode und Textil, Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg" (https://arthist.net/archive/36491) . arthist.net . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "À Calais, le jeune créateur de mode japonais Yuima Nakazato à l'honneur d'une belle exposition" (https://www.beauxarts.com/expos/a-calais-le-jeune-createur-de-mode-japonais-yuima-nakazato-a-lhonneur-dune-belle-exposition/) . Beaux Arts (in French). 2024-06-21 . Retrieved 2024-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) wwdstaff04 (2024-06-18). "「ユイマ ナカザト」が初の回顧展をフランスの公立美術館で開催 日本人として森英恵や三宅一生らに続き4人目" (https://www.wwdjapan.com/articles/1843612) . WWDJAPAN (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Wonderingmode and Dreams of Reason - Announcements - e-flux" (https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/32955/wonderingmode-and-dreams-of-reason/) . www.e-flux.com . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "21_21 DESIGN SIGHT | YUIMA NAKAZATO Exhibition - HARMONIZE - | YUIMA NAKAZATO Exhibition - HARMONIZE -" (https://www.2121designsight.jp/en/gallery3/harmonize/) . www.2121designsight.jp . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Japon Japonismes. Objets inspirés, 1867-2018" (https://madparis.fr/japon-japonismes-1867-2018) . Les Arts Décoratifs - Site officiel . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "State of Fashion: searching for the new luxury 4" (https://materialdistrict.com/article/state-of-fashion/state-of-fashion-searching-for-the-new-luxury-4/) . MaterialDistrict . 2018-06-12 . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Future and the Arts: AI, Robotics, Cities, Life - How Humanity Will Live Tomorrow" (https://www.mori.art.museum/jp/exhibitions/future_art/) . www.mori.art.museum . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) GmbH, Trotec Laser. "Yuima Nakazato Exhibition & Store | Trotec Laser" (https://www.troteclaser.com/en/about-us/customer-stories/the-yuima-nakazato-exhibition-store) . Trotec Laser GmbH . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "HIGHLIGHTS" (https://www.kci.or.jp/special/exhibitions2019/en/attrac.html) . DRESS CODE - Are You Playing Fashion? | The Kyoto Costume Institute (KCI) (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Our Time on Earth | Barbican" (https://www.barbican.org.uk/our-story/press-room/our-time-on-earth) . www.barbican.org.uk . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Fashion in Japan 1945-2020 | Special Exhibitions | THE NATIONAL ART CENTER, TOKYO" (https://www.nact.jp/english/exhibition_special/2021/fij2020/) . www.nact.jp . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Cloud Walkers - Announcements - e-flux" (https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/478950/cloud-walkers/) . www.e-flux.com . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Fashion Fictions" (https://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/exhibitions/fashion-fictions) . www.vanartgallery.bc.ca . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (2024-01-11). "Yuima Nakazato to be the focus of a new exhibition" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/culture/yuima-nakazato-to-be-the-focus-of-a-new-exhibition/2024011173520) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2024-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "ITS#SEVEN" (https://itsweb.org/its-contest/previous-editions/its-seven/) . ITS . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "ITS#EIGHT" (https://itsweb.org/its-contest/previous-editions/its-eight/) . ITS . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Mercedes-Benz Presents designer YUIMA NAKAZATO - 2012-13 AUTUMN/WINTER COLLECTION | Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week TOKYO" (https://rakutenfashionweektokyo.com/en/the14th/event/24_yuima.html) . rakutenfashionweektokyo.com . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Japanese fashion's great end to the year" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/12/24/style/japanese-fashions-great-end-year/) . The Japan Times . 2017-12-24 . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "「WIRED Audi INNOVATION AWARD 2018」世界を変え、「新たな未来」をもたらす20の革新：受賞者を迎え、授賞式・パーティーを開催" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210514013818/https://japan.zdnet.com/release/30286703/) . ZDNET Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original (https://japan.zdnet.com/release/30286703/) on May 14, 2021 . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "中里唯馬『YUIMA NAKAZATO Behind the Design』 – 青山ブックセンター本店" (https://aoyamabc.jp/products/yuimanakazato-behindthedesign) . aoyamabc.jp . Retrieved 2023-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "YUIMA NAKAZATO. BEYOND COUTURE HAMMEN/LARONDE LIENART Catalogue d'exposition" (https://www.librairie-oeilcacodylate.com/catalogues-d-exposition/catalogue-d-exposition/53584/yuima-nakazato-beyond-couture) . www.librairie-oeilcacodylate.com . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . External links [ edit ] YUIMA NAKAZATO (https://www.yuimanakazato.com) - official website YUIMA NAKAZATO ( @yuimanakazato (https://www.instagram.com/yuimanakazato/) ) - Instagram YUIMA NAKAZATO ( @yuima_nakazato (https://www.instagram.com/yuima_nakazato/) ) - Instagram NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4n9q9 Cached time: 20240719181939 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.415 seconds Real time usage: 0.787 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3413/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 69322/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2465/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 140832/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.254/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7757853/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 455.866 1 -total 41.71% 190.125 38 Template:Cite_web 27.59% 125.759 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.07% 64.134 1 Template:Short_description 9.33% 42.524 2 Template:Cn 7.84% 35.727 2 Template:Pagetype 7.71% 35.144 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.51% 34.233 2 Template:Fix 6.76% 30.813 18 Template:Main_other 6.07% 27.664 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73738920-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719181939 and revision id 1235521288. 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Palmyrene (/wiki/Palmyra) priest wearing the modius, AD 190–200 ( Carlsberg Glyptotek (/wiki/Carlsberg_Glyptotek) ) The modius is a type of flat-topped cylindrical headdress or crown found in ancient Egyptian art (/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_art) and art of the Greco-Roman world (/wiki/Greco-Roman_world) . The name was given by modern scholars based on its resemblance to the jar used as a Roman unit of dry measure (/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) but it probably does represent a grain-measure, and symbolizing one's ability to learn new information by having an open mind with an empty cup. Serapis was the main idol/figurehead at the Library of Alexandria (/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria) during the ancient Egyptian & Roman alliance. The modius is worn by certain deities, including the Eleusinian deities (/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries) and their Roman counterparts, the Ephesian Artemis (/wiki/Artemis_of_Ephesus) and certain other forms of the goddess, [3] (#cite_note-3) Hecate (/wiki/Hecate) , and Serapis (/wiki/Serapis) . [4] (#cite_note-4) On some deities it represents fruitfulness. [5] (#cite_note-5) It is thought to be a form mostly restricted to supernatural beings in art, and rarely worn in real life, with two probable exceptions. A tall modius is part of the complex headdress used for depictions of Egyptian royal women, often ornamented variously with symbols, vegetative motifs, and the uraeus (/wiki/Uraeus) . [6] (#cite_note-6) It was also the distinctive headdress of Palmyrene (/wiki/Palmyra) priests. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Serapis (/wiki/Serapis) wearing the modius Kushan (/wiki/Kushan_Empire) ruler Huvishka (/wiki/Huvishka) with seated Roman Egyptian god Serapis (/wiki/Serapis) ( "Sarapo" ) wearing the modius. [9] (#cite_note-AHH326-9) Sitamun (/wiki/Sitamun) , daughter of Amenhotep III (/wiki/Amenhotep_III) , depicted wearing a modius on her throne (/wiki/Throne_of_Princess_Sitamun) . From the Tomb of Yuya and Thuya (/wiki/Tomb_of_Yuya_and_Thuya) , 18th Dynasty (/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) Statue of Meritamen (/wiki/Meritamen) , daughter of Ramesses II (/wiki/Ramesses_II) , wearing a modius decorated with uraei (/wiki/Uraeus) . From the Ramesseum (/wiki/Ramesseum) , 19th Dynasty (/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) . Ankhesenamun (/wiki/Ankhesenamun) depicted on a box lid wearing a modius topped by a head cone (/wiki/Head_cone) and two uraei while presenting bouquets to her husband, Tutankhamun (/wiki/Tutankhamun) . Tomb of Tutankhamun (/wiki/Tomb_of_Tutankhamun) , 18th Dynasty. See also [ edit ] Polos (/wiki/Polos) Crowns of Egypt (/wiki/Crowns_of_Egypt) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Judith Lynn Sebesta and Larissa Bonfante (/wiki/Larissa_Bonfante) , The World of Roman Costume (University of Wisconsin Press, 2001), p. 245 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Irene Bald Romano, Classical Sculpture: Catalogue of the Cypriot, Greek, And Roman Stone Sculpture in the University Of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006), p. 294. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Joseph Eddy Fontenrose, Didyma: Apollo's Oracle, Cult, and Companions pp. 131–132. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway, Hellenistic Sculpture: The Styles of ca. 331–200 B.C. (University of Wisconsin Press, 2001), p. 95. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fontenrose, Didyma , p. 131. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bryan, "A Newly Discovered Statue of a Queen," p 36ff.; Paul Edmund Stanwick, Portraits of the Ptolemies: Greek Kings As Egyptian Pharaohs (University of Texas Press, 2002), p. 35 et passim . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Romano, Classical Sculpture, p. 294 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lucinda Dirven, The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria (Brill, 1999), pp. 246–247. ^ (#cite_ref-AHH326_9-0) Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-208-1408-0 . v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro 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Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) 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(/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This article about subjects relating to Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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17th century shipwreck in the Netherlands The silk dress from the Palmwood wreck Another view of the silk dress The Palmwood is the name used for a shipwreck off the coast of the Dutch island of Texel (/wiki/Texel) in the Wadden Sea (/wiki/Wadden_Sea) . Artifacts recovered from the wreck include two unique examples of 17th-century clothing, one a satin silk damask (/wiki/Damask) dress such as would have been worn by the very wealthy for everyday occasions and the other a silk and silver wedding dress. Both dresses, along with other artifacts found in the wreck, are on display at the Kaap Skil (/w/index.php?title=Kaap_Skil&action=edit&redlink=1) [ nl (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaap_Skil) ] museum in Texel. Ship and voyage [ edit ] The ship, whose name is unknown, is believed to have voyaged in the 17th century, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) around 1650 [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) or 1660. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It sank off the eastern coast of Texel sometime after 1636. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It has been proposed the ship is one of a fleet of twelve which was lost on a crossing from Dover to Hellevoetsluis in 1642 and may have been part of the ostensible transport of a royal bride to join her new husband in the Netherlands but camouflaging a diplomatic mission. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) The Kaap Skil museum, however, which houses the artifacts, believes the ship was likely a Dutch merchant vessel. [5] (#cite_note-5) Discovery [ edit ] The shipwreck was discovered by Dutch divers, members of a local amateur dive club, in 2009, and more artifacts were recovered from it in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The wreck site is called Burgzand Noord 17. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The ship itself, whose name is unknown, has variously been called the palmwood (/wiki/Palmwood) ship and the boxwood ship because of unusual woods found in the remains. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The wreck is at a depth which provides an environment that inhibits the decomposition of animal and insect matter such as leather and silk. Plant matter materials such as book pages and cotton garments decompose. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Artifacts [ edit ] Among the artifacts recovered in 2014 are two dresses believed to have been made around 1620 and to have been about 30 years old at the time of the shipwreck. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) They were found in a chest packed together, along with other items such as stockings, a bodice, a velvet robe, and a toiletry set. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) One of the dresses is satin silk damask (/wiki/Damask) and the other, the so-called silver dress, is silk interwoven with strands of silver and believed to be a wedding dress. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The silk dress is largely intact and is "unique" as a remaining artifact of 17th-century clothing textiles, according to textile restorer Emmy de Groot. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) It consists of a bodice (/wiki/Bodice) , full skirt with pleats (/wiki/Pleat) , and sleeves with ruffles (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) . [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It is typical of dresses of the 1620s to 1630s in Western Europe and is believed to be an everyday dress. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The silver dress in its display case The silver dress is also a "unique" example, according to Maarten van Bommell of the University of Amsterdam (/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam) ; [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) according to van Bommell the two dresses may represent the only "two such dresses in the whole world". [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The silver dress was in approximately ten fragments but eventually pieced together. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) The silver dress in particular would have been extremely expensive at the time of its making and so is believed to have been likely created for a member of the nobility or of a wealthy merchant family. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) A book cover found with other artifacts is embossed with the coat-of-arms of Charles I (/wiki/Charles_I_of_England) , which supports the theory the owner was a member of nobility, perhaps of the House of Stuart (/wiki/House_of_Stuart) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2016 Nadine Akkerman (/wiki/Nadine_Akkerman) and another Dutch historian proposed that the owner of the dresses was Jean Kerr (/wiki/Jean_Ker,_Countess_of_Roxburghe) , Countess of Roxburghe, who was a lady-in-waiting to Henrietta Maria (/wiki/Henrietta_Maria) , Charles I's Queen. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) , although this suggestion was withdrawn as soon as further information about the site of the wreck was released. According to Archeology (/wiki/Archaeology_(magazine)) , the artifacts recovered by 2018 include a "stunning collection of silk garments and velvet textiles, leather book covers, and pottery [representing] the richest cargo of seventeenth-century luxury goods ever found underwater." [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Artifacts include items associated with the Mediterranean and Indian subcontinent. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Because many of the artifacts were recovered boxed together, the find also represents an unusual opportunity to study the possessions of a contemporary collection of objects perhaps owned by a single person or family unit. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Exhibits and media coverage [ edit ] The artifacts recovered have been on display at the Kaap Skil museum in oxygen-free display cases since November 2022 and are the subject of a podcast, The Dress and the Shipwreck , and a documentary planned in 2023. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h "Global Cargo - Archaeology Magazine" (https://www.archaeology.org/issues/296-1805/features/6507-netherlands-texel-shipwreck) . Archeology (/wiki/Archaeology_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317134930/https://www.archaeology.org/issues/296-1805/features/6507-netherlands-texel-shipwreck) from the original on 17 March 2023 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ a b c d Moses, Claire (14 March 2023). "This Dress Survived for More Than Three Centuries at the Bottom of the Sea" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/14/world/europe/shipwreck-dress-netherlands.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317142300/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/14/world/europe/shipwreck-dress-netherlands.html) from the original on 17 March 2023 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ a b c d e f Strickland, Ashley (17 February 2023). "Stunning silver wedding dress recovered from 17th century shipwreck" (https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/17/world/dutch-palmwood-shipwreck-finds-scn/index.html) . CNN . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317145307/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/17/world/dutch-palmwood-shipwreck-finds-scn/index.html) from the original on 17 March 2023 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ a b Darroch, Gordon (21 April 2016). "400-year-old dress found in shipwreck sheds light on plot to pawn crown jewels" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/21/400-year-old-dress-found-in-shipwreck-sheds-light-on-plot-to-pawn-crown-jewels) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171206144958/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/21/400-year-old-dress-found-in-shipwreck-sheds-light-on-plot-to-pawn-crown-jewels) from the original on 6 December 2017 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Het Palmhoutwrak" (https://kaapskil.nl/het-palmhoutwrak/) . Museum Kaap Skil (in Dutch). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230110080035/https://kaapskil.nl/het-palmhoutwrak/) from the original on 10 January 2023 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ a b c d e f Vier eeuwen op de zeebodem, de jurken uit het Palmhoutwrak I Museum Kaap Skil , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317145256/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTCAw3sXxJg) from the original on 17 March 2023 , retrieved 17 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lewis, Danny (20 April 2016). "Dutch Divers Found a 17th-Century Dress Buried Under the Sea" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-divers-found-17th-century-dress-buried-under-the-sea-180958843/) . Smithsonian Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221219174659/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-divers-found-17th-century-dress-buried-under-the-sea-180958843/) from the original on 19 December 2022 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Tentoonstelling Palmhoutwrak in Museum Kaap Skil feestelijk geopend - Provincie Noord-Holland" (https://www.noord-holland.nl/Actueel/Archief/2022/November_2022/Tentoonstelling_Palmhoutwrak_in_Museum_Kaap_Skil_feestelijk_geopend) . www.noord-holland.nl (in Dutch). 11 November 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221128074204/https://www.noord-holland.nl/Actueel/Archief/2022/November_2022/Tentoonstelling_Palmhoutwrak_in_Museum_Kaap_Skil_feestelijk_geopend) from the original on 28 November 2022 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . Further reading [ edit ] "Clothing from 1600s shipwreck shows how the 1 percent lived" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230124161435/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/shipwreck-clothing-gowns-palmwood-texel-discovery) . National Geographic Magazine . 24 January 2023. Archived from the original (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/shipwreck-clothing-gowns-palmwood-texel-discovery) on 24 January 2023 . Retrieved 17 March 2023 . Janet Dickinson (2023) Drowned books and ghost books. Making sense of the finds from a seventeenth-century shipwreck off the Dutch island of Texel, The Seventeenth Century, 38:1, 49-85, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0268117X.2022.2123847?scroll=top&needAccess=true (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0268117X.2022.2123847?scroll=top&needAccess=true) External links [ edit ] Video of the artifacts from the Museum Kaap Skil NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65687cfdb7‐fjqh7 Cached time: 20240623101427 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.286 seconds Real time usage: 0.576 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1064/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22937/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1237/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40220/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5039161/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 458.445 1 -total 39.60% 181.531 1 Template:Short_description 36.12% 165.574 1 Template:Reflist 34.88% 159.896 6 Template:Main_other 26.53% 121.612 6 Template:Cite_web 22.57% 103.480 1 Template:SDcat 11.83% 54.254 1 Template:Coord_missing 10.41% 47.743 2 Template:Pagetype 8.12% 37.245 1 Template:If 7.69% 35.277 2 Template:P2 Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73311966-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623101427 and revision id 1186573813. 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< User:A5phan (/wiki/User:A5phan) Campaigns to improve the conditions of workers in abusive workplaces This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) may be too short to adequately summarize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) the key points . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview) of all important aspects of the article. ( February 2021 ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/User:A5phan/Anti-sweatshop_movement) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Anti-sweatshop movement" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Anti-sweatshop+movement%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Anti-sweatshop movement refers to campaigns to improve the conditions of workers in sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshop) , i.e. manufacturing places characterized by low wages, poor working conditions and often child labor (/wiki/Child_labor) . It is a growing movement as there is increased globalization of the labor. It started in the 19th century in industrialized countries such as the United States (/wiki/United_States) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) and the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) to improve the conditions of workers in those countries. [1] (#cite_note-Blackburn-1) These campaigns are meant to improve the working conditions through advocacy for higher wages, safer conditions, unionization (/wiki/Unionization) and other protections. [2] (#cite_note-2) While they are meant to undermine the reputation of companies using sweatshop labor, they are not statistically significant as intended. History [ edit ] Some of the earliest sweatshop critics were found in the 19th-century abolitionist (/wiki/Abolitionism) movement that had originally coalesced in opposition to chattel slavery (/wiki/Slavery) , and many abolitionists saw similarities between slavery and sweatshop work. As slavery was successively outlawed in industrial countries between 1794 (in France) and 1865 (in the United States), some abolitionists sought to broaden the anti-slavery consensus to include other forms of harsh labor, including sweatshops. As it happened, the first significant law to address sweatshops (the Factory Act of 1833 (/wiki/Factory_Act) ) was passed in the United Kingdom at the same time that the slave trade (1807) and ownership of slaves (1833) were made illegal. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Ultimately, the abolitionist movement split apart. Some advocates focused on working conditions and found common cause with trade unions and Marxists (/wiki/Marxists) and socialist political groups, or progressive movement (/wiki/Progressive_movement) and the muckrakers (/wiki/Muckraker) . Others focused on the continued slave trade and involuntary servitude (/wiki/Involuntary_servitude) in the colonial world. For those groups that remained focused on slavery, sweatshops became one of the primary objects of controversy. Workplaces across multiple sectors of the economy were categorized as sweatshops. However, there were fundamental philosophical disagreements about what constituted slavery. Unable to agree on the status of sweatshops, the abolitionists working with the League of Nations (/wiki/League_of_Nations) and the United Nations ultimately backed away from efforts to define slavery, and focused instead on a common precursor of slavery – human trafficking (/wiki/Human_trafficking) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Those focused on working conditions included Friedrich Engels (/wiki/Friedrich_Engels) , whose book The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844) would inspire the Marxist movement named for his collaborator, Karl Marx (/wiki/Karl_Marx) . In the United Kingdom the Factory Act was revised six further times between 1844 and 1878 to help improve the condition of workers by limiting work hours and the use of child labor. The formation of the International Labour Organization (/wiki/International_Labour_Organization) in 1919 under the League of Nations and then the United Nations sought to address the plight of workers the world over. Concern over working conditions as described by muckraker journalists during the Progressive Era (/wiki/Progressive_Era) in the United States saw the passage of new workers rights laws and ultimately resulted in the Fair Labor Standards Act (/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act) of 1938, passed during the New Deal (/wiki/New_Deal) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In the late 20th century, with the advent of globalization (/wiki/Globalization) , movements were formed to protest the exploitation of workers (/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour) in poorer countries by companies based in wealthy countries. Noam Chomsky (/wiki/Noam_Chomsky) said in The Nation (/wiki/The_Nation) that the anti-sweatshop movement [5] (#cite_note-5) is in some ways, he said, "like the Anti-Apartheid Movement (/wiki/Anti-Apartheid_Movement) , except that in this case it's striking at the core of the relations of exploitation. It's another example of how different constituencies are working together." [6] (#cite_note-Chomsky-6) On February 4, 1997, Mayor Ed Boyle of North Olmsted, Ohio, introduced the first piece of legislation actually prohibiting the government of purchasing, renting, or taking on consignment any and all goods made under sweatshop conditions and including in the definition those goods made by political prisoners. This legislation was copied by other American cities such as Detroit, New York, and San Francisco. Later Mayor Boyle introduced the legislation to the Mayors and Managers Association where it was immediately passed and he was invited by President Clinton to address a panel studying the subject in Washington, DC. With the rise of globalization (/wiki/Globalization) and transnational corporations (/wiki/Transnational_corporations) (TNCs) such as Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) or Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , many sweatshop laborers have lost autonomy and corporations have gained in their invincibility to anti-sweatshop laws within a particular country. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Corporations have the ability to move their production to another country when the laws become too restricting. As corporations globalize, many sweatshop movements have begun to see "worker internationalization" as one of the only viable solution; however, this requires strong labor movements, sufficient resources, and a commitment to mobilizing all workers, including women, which can be difficult to do at an international scale, as has been the case in the Americas. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) #WhoMadeMyClothes [ edit ] The # WhoMadeMyClothes (/wiki/Fashion_Revolution##WhoMadeMyClothes_Hashtag_Movement) hashtag was launched in 2013 by Fashion Revolution (/wiki/Fashion_Revolution) co-founders, Carry Somers and Orsola de Castro. [8] (#cite_note-8) Celebrities including Emma Watson, Kelly Slater, and Fernanda Paes Leme used the hashtag on Twitter to support the issue. [9] (#cite_note-9) The movement also utilized YouTube to spread awareness. To promote the hashtag in 2015, Fashion Revolution released a video titled “The 2 Euro T-Shirt - A Social Experiment". [10] (#cite_note-10) The video showed a vending machine selling T-shirts for 2 Euros. When people went to purchase the shirt, a video played describing the working conditions in which the shirt was made. By the end, people chose to donate to the cause of increasing supply chain transparency instead of buying the T-shirt. The video has over 7.9 million views. Their 2018 campaign film uploaded on April 22, 2018, was awarded the Best Green Fashion Film award at the Fashion Film Festival Milano and has over 54,000 views to date. [11] (#cite_note-11) people working in a sweatshop Effectiveness of the movement [ edit ] A study published in 2011 found that while in most cases anti-sweatshop movements did not affect sales for companies using sweatshops, they did correspond with a decrease in the sales of well-known, more specialized brands and more intense movements caused more significant reduction in the sales. [12] (#cite_note-:32-12) The same study also found that anti-sweatshop events also seemed to correspond with lower stock prices for the companies that were the target of these events, though some major anti-sweatshop events such the Kaksy lawsuit against Nike, did not result in any discernible change in stock price of the targeted company. The study found that 64.1% of the companies targeted by anti-sweatshop movements saw drops in stock price in the five days following the anti-sweatshop event, and 56.4% saw drops in the two days following the event. Though the study did find these slight negative economic effects, it did not find that, when taking into account companies of all reputations, anti-sweatshop movements or events damaged the reputation of the companies they targeted to a statistically significant degree; however, there does seem to be a slight undercutting of the reputations of companies with positive reputations when they are faced with anti-sweatshop campaigns, particularly intense ones. [12] (#cite_note-:32-12) Debate on the effects of sweatshops [ edit ] Criticisms [ edit ] Safety regulations [ edit ] The criticisms of sweatshops, and thus the reason for an anti-sweatshop movement, begins with the lack of safety regulations in sweatshops and their exploitative nature. [12] (#cite_note-:32-12) Matt Zwolinski argues that though sweatshop laborers technically "choose" to work in sweatshops, this decision is not "fully voluntary" and that while sweatshops may provide opportunities that would not otherwise exist, when a worker "consents" to work in a sweatshop, they are also consenting to labor practices that cause more harm than good to the laborer overall. [12] (#cite_note-:32-12) Another criticism is child labor and their use of heavy machinery for low wages . This often requires children to be taken out of school, thus disrupting their education, and exposing them to very dangerous working conditions that may endanger their health. [13] (#cite_note-:22-13) Globalization [ edit ] In recent years, the apparel industry has become increasingly globalized which has caused production to move abroad. Over 850,000 jobs were lost in developed countries but that number was matched by growth in the Third World. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) Four-fifths of the employment growth occurred in Asian countries- Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia- while the highest number of clothing job losses were in the United States. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) Although many anti-sweatshop campaigners would like for globalization to be reversed and factories to close, citizens of these developed countries do not have many options for alternative work. In developing countries, the primary alternative work consists of lower-wage agriculture. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) Other criticisms include advocating for humane globalization. This advocacy includes making a distinction between cost of living and the parallel to wage. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) For example, it does not cost a citizen the same to live in Bangladesh as in Europe. Low wages [ edit ] While many sweatshop workers have higher wages compared to other industry workers such as agriculture, they are still exploited by brands and corporations that take an advantage of low wage standards in third world countries. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) For example, according to Bangladeshi labor organizations, the average living wage in Bangladesh is about $60 per month. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) Sweatshop workers in Bangladesh are paid about $40 a month. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) Companies outsource manufacturing labor from rich to poor countries because of the appeal of cheap labor and low costs. Although sweatshop work wages do not necessarily meet the living wage standards, poor workers in such developing countries rely on these companies, because it provides a primary source of work that pays more than others. Arguments in favor [ edit ] Provision of opportunities [ edit ] Some people, such as Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Nicholas Kristoff (/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof) , argue that the anti-sweatshop movement "risks harming the very people it is aiming to help." [13] (#cite_note-:22-13) This is because sweatshops signify the start of an industrial revolution in China and offer people a path towards making money and escaping poverty. [13] (#cite_note-:22-13) The anti-sweatshop movement, in this view, can harm the impoverished workers by increasing labour costs for factories which, in turn, can incentivize turning to technology instead of people for labour and thus reduce the number of employees needed. Additionally, if anti-sweatshop movements succeed and manage to get stricter guidelines passed, companies may move to countries with less strict laws governing sweatshops, thus removing a source of jobs and money for impoverished countries. [13] (#cite_note-:22-13) Effects on employment [ edit ] Even if a company does not move to another country with more relaxed labor laws, economic demand theory says that the more a good cost, the less the demand for it is. Economists argue that even though the labor is "exploitative", it should be permitted, as trying to put regulations on sweatshop labor would only result in sweatshops needing fewer workers, thus reducing opportunities for individuals to make a living. [16] (#cite_note-16) Views of economists [ edit ] Most [ clarification needed ] economists say that sweatshops can be a benefit to Third World workers and the anti-sweatshop movement could reduce [ clarification needed ] Third World employment and investment. The economic ways to think about this issue, employers and employees can both get benefits [ clarification needed ] when they voluntarily sign the contract, no matter how low the wages are from the external's point of view. An economist pointed out "as simple as this: 'Either you believe labor demand curves are downward sloping, or you don't,' as a neoclassical colleague said to me. [ clarification needed ] Of course, not to believe that demand curves are negatively sloped would be tantamount to declaring yourself an economic illiterate." [ clarification needed ] [17] (#cite_note-17) Organizations [ edit ] Clean Clothes Campaign (/wiki/Clean_Clothes_Campaign) - international alliance of labor unions and non-governmental organizations Fashion Revolution (/wiki/Fashion_Revolution) - organization that brings awareness to the ethical, humanitarian, and sustainable issues of global fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) brands Free the Children (/wiki/Free_the_Children) - a Canadian organization that helps raise awareness and put a stop to Child Labour – Also helps other children in need Global Exchange (/wiki/Global_Exchange) - an international human rights organization founded in 1988 dedicated to promoting social, economic and environmental justice (/wiki/Environmental_justice) Green America (/wiki/Green_America) - membership organization based in the United States Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights (/wiki/Institute_for_Global_Labour_and_Human_Rights) - founded to combat sweatshop labor and US government policy in El Salvador and Central America International Labor Rights Forum (/wiki/International_Labor_Rights_Forum) International Labour Organization (/wiki/International_Labour_Organization) - a specialized agency of the United Nations Maquila Solidarity Network (/wiki/Maquila_Solidarity_Network) - a Canadian anti-sweatshop network microRevolt (https://microrevolt.org/) - an organization founded by Cat Mazza (/wiki/Cat_Mazza) , a textile artist who engages in Craftivism (/wiki/Craftivism) Rugmark (/wiki/Rugmark) - a carpet labeling program and rehabilitation centers for former child laborers in India, Pakistan and Nepal UNITE HERE (/wiki/UNITE_HERE) - a labor union based in the United States and Canada dedicated to achieving higher standards for laborers United Students Against Sweatshops (/wiki/United_Students_Against_Sweatshops) - a student organization in the United States and Canada Worker Rights Consortium (/wiki/Worker_Rights_Consortium) - a labor rights organization focused on protecting the rights of workers who make apparel in the United States In Asia [ edit ] China Labour Bulletin (/wiki/China_Labour_Bulletin) - reports on labor concerns in China Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Christian_Industrial_Committee) - empowers workers, acts as a policy watch-dog, and promotes independent trade union movements Prominent campaigners [ edit ] Lady Astor (/wiki/Lady_Astor) Alfred Deakin (/wiki/Alfred_Deakin) Alfred George Gardiner (/wiki/Alfred_George_Gardiner) Vida Goldstein (/wiki/Vida_Goldstein) Florence Kelley (/wiki/Florence_Kelley) Charles Kernaghan (/wiki/Charles_Kernaghan) Mary Reid Macarthur (/wiki/Mary_Reid_Macarthur) Samuel Mauger (/wiki/Samuel_Mauger) R. H. Tawney (/wiki/R._H._Tawney) Rutherford Waddell (/wiki/Rutherford_Waddell) See also [ edit ] Child labour (/wiki/Child_labour) Craftivism#Anti-sweatshop (/wiki/Craftivism#Anti-sweatshop) Nicholas D. Kristof#Criticism of the anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Nicholas_D._Kristof#Criticism_of_the_anti-sweatshop_movement) National Anti-Sweating League (/wiki/National_Anti-Sweating_League) National Labor Committee in Support of Human and Worker Rights (/wiki/National_Labor_Committee_in_Support_of_Human_and_Worker_Rights) Sweatshop#Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Sweatshop#Anti-sweatshop_movement) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Blackburn_1-0) Sheila Blackburn (1991) The Historical Journal 34 (1) 43-64 "Ideology and Social Policy: The Origins of the Trade Boards Act" ^ (#cite_ref-2) Powell, Benjamin (2014). Out of Poverty: Sweatshops in the Global Economy . Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–22. ^ Jump up to: a b Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem . Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, California. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fair Labor Standards Act - FLSA - 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8". finduslaw.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Adams, Roy J.; Hallock, Margaret (2001). "THE ANTI-SWEATSHOP MOVEMENT and CORPORATE Codes of Conduct" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23271952) . Perspectives on Work . 5 (1): 15–18. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1534-9276 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1534-9276) . ^ (#cite_ref-Chomsky_6-0) "Talking 'Anarchy' With Chomsky", (http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000424/chomsky/2) The Nation , April 5, 2000 (http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000424/chomsky/2) ^ Jump up to: a b Armbruster-Sandoval, Ralph. "Workers of the world unite? The contemporary anti-sweatshop movement and the struggle for social justice in the Americas." Work and Occupations 32.4 (2005): 464-485. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Blanchard, Tamsin (2019-04-22). "Who Made My Clothes? Stand up for workers' rights with Fashion Revolution Week | Tamsin Blanchard" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/commentisfree/2019/apr/22/who-made-my-clothes-stand-up-for-workers-rights-with-fashion-revolution-week) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "2018 Impact" (https://www.fashionrevolution.org/2018-impact/) . Fashion Revolution . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Dot, Red. "Award-winning design and its makers: "The 2 Euro T-Shirt – A Social Experiment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200927232345/https://www.red-dot.org/about-red-dot/magazine/2-euro-t-shirt//) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20200927232345/https://www.red-dot.org/about-red-dot/magazine/2-euro-t-shirt//) . www.red-dot.org . Archived from the original (https://www.red-dot.org/about-red-dot/magazine/2-euro-t-shirt/) on 2020-09-27 . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Who Made My Clothes? , retrieved 2020-04-15 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bartley, Tim, and Curtis Child. “Movements, Markets and Fields: The Effects of Anti-sweatshop Campaigns on U.S. Firms, 1993-2000”. Social Forces 90.2 (2011): 425–451. Web. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Two Cheers for Sweatshops" (https://www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/20000924mag-sweatshops.html) . www.nytimes.com . Retrieved 2016-02-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mandle, Jay R. (2000). "The Student Anti-Sweatshop Movement: Limits and Potential". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science . 570 : 92–103. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/000271620057000107 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000271620057000107) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 1049242 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/1049242) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 154404388 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154404388) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Atal, Maha Rafi (2013-04-29). "The Bangladesh factory tragedy and the moralists of sweatshop economics | Maha Rafi Atal" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/29/bangladesh-factory-tragedy-sweatshop-economics) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2020-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Powell, Benjamin, and Matt Zwolinski. "The ethical and economic case against sweatshop labor: A critical assessment." Journal of business ethics 107.4 (2012): 449-472. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Miller, John (2003). Why Economists Are Wrong About Sweatshops and the Antisweatshop Movement . pp. 93–122. v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 21st 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Canadian glamour and cosplay model Not to be confused with Claude Bourbonnais (/wiki/Claude_Bourbonnais) . Marie-Claude Bourbonnais Marie-Claude Bourbonnais at the 2012 Calgary Comic and Entertainment Expo Born ( 1979-10-15 ) October 15, 1979 (age 44) Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocati%C3%A8re) , Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) [2] (#cite_note-off-2) Occupation(s) Glamour and cosplay model Modeling information Height 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) [1] (#cite_note-pm-1) Hair color Brunette [1] (#cite_note-pm-1) Eye color Green [1] (#cite_note-pm-1) Website MCBourbonnais.com (http://www.mcbourbonnais.com/) Marie-Claude Bourbonnais ( French pronunciation: [maʁi (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) klod (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) buʁbɔnɛ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; born October 15, 1979, in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocati%C3%A8re) ) is a Canadian glamour (/wiki/Glamour_photography) and cosplay (/wiki/Cosplay) model. Career [ edit ] Bourbonnais had worked as a costumer (/wiki/Costume_designer) and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) before she began her professional modeling career when she posed for the 2008 calendar Dream Team , sponsored by RadioX (/wiki/CHOI-FM) and Molson Export (/wiki/Molson_Export) . In July 2008, she posed in an advertising campaign for New York Fries (/wiki/New_York_Fries) , a Canadian franchise fast-food restaurant. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Bourbonnais continued to model, including for American Curves , Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , FHM Philippines (/wiki/FHM) , People (/wiki/People_(Australian_magazine)) , PlayStation Official Magazine (/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_-_UK) , Summum and Toronto Sun (/wiki/Toronto_Sun) , as well as for charity purposes. In 2010, she started her own company. [2] (#cite_note-off-2) Bourbonnais has also been cosplay (/wiki/Cosplay) modeling and creating costumes since 2009, [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) including participating in a 2011 calendar Cosplay for a Cause raising funds for the Japanese earthquake and tsunami (/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami) relief. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Bourbonnais was a speaker at Anime Weekend Atlanta (/wiki/Anime_Weekend_Atlanta) 2012, [11] (#cite_note-11) and a special guest at several North and South American conventions including Cape & Kimono 2010 and 2011, [12] (#cite_note-anime-12) Ottawa Comiccon (/wiki/Ottawa_Comiccon) 2012, [13] (#cite_note-13) Nadeshicon (/wiki/Nadeshicon) 2014, [14] (#cite_note-14) Comiccon de Québec 2014, [15] (#cite_note-15) Montreal Comiccon (/wiki/Montreal_Comiccon) 2014, [16] (#cite_note-16) and Comiccon de Québec 2015. [17] (#cite_note-17) She was featured on radio and TV shows, and Soda Pop Miniatures and Paolo Parente featured her as a character in their games. [12] (#cite_note-anime-12) She also played the character Hornet in the web series Heroes of the North that has an action figure made in her image. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "PM #15351 :: Marie Claude Bourbonnais :: Model (Female: 32)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181005230324/http://www.paidmodels.com/profile.php?id=15351) . PaidModels.com. Archived from the original (http://www.paidmodels.com/profile.php?id=15351) on 2018-10-05 . Retrieved 2012-09-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Cosplay / Glamour Model, Designer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120930100119/http://mcbourbonnais.com/en/index.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.mcbourbonnais.com/en/index.html) on 2012-09-30 . Retrieved 2012-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "New York Fries: Fake | Ads of the World™" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170701140242/http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/new_york_fries_fake) . Adsoftheworld.com. Archived from the original (http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/new_york_fries_fake) on 2017-07-01 . Retrieved 2013-08-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Real French Fries Shame Fake Breasts" (http://www.adrants.com/2008/07/real-french-fries-shame-fake-breasts.php) . Adrants . Retrieved 2012-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Eduvas, Ronjay. (February 29, 2012). " Marie-Claude Bourbonnais (http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130216072426/http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais) 2013-02-16 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ", FHM . Retrieved October 3, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "No. 20: Marie-Claude Bourbonnais – Hottest Cosplay Girls" (http://arcadesushi.com/hottest-cosplay-20-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) . Arcadesushi.com. 2013-03-14 . Retrieved 2013-08-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mike Fahey, Mortal Kombat’s Frost Much Hotter In Person (https://kotaku.com/5190393/mortal-kombats-frost-much-hotter-in-person) , Kotaku, March 30, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Alan Bell, History of Mortal Kombat - Part 2 (http://nzgamer.com/vita/features/941/history-of-mortal-kombat-part-2.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072215/http://nzgamer.com/vita/features/941/history-of-mortal-kombat-part-2.html) 2013-06-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , NZGamer.com, 24 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Cosplay for a Cause" (https://archive.today/20110806063933/http://cosplayforacause.com/bio-mcb.html) . 6 August 2011. Archived from the original (http://cosplayforacause.com/bio-mcb.html) on 6 August 2011 . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "SUNshineGirl" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160205151421/http://www.torontosun.com/sunshine-girl/2011/11/04/marie-claude) . Toronto Sun. 2011-11-04. Archived from the original (http://www.torontosun.com/sunshine-girl/2011/11/04/marie-claude) on 5 February 2016 . Retrieved 2013-08-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Anime Weekend Atlanta: Marie-Claude Bourbonnais" (http://awa2012.sched.org/speaker/marieclaude#.UGLEabIaPao) . Awa2012.sched.org . Retrieved 2013-08-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Marie-Claude Bourbonnais Biography @" (http://animecons.com/guests/bio.shtml/3123/Marie_Claude_Bourbonnais) . Animecons.com . Retrieved 2013-08-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) [1] (http://ottawacomiccon.com/guests_special_guests.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120625001833/http://ottawacomiccon.com/guests_special_guests.php) June 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Guests" (http://www.nadeshicon.ca/en/guests/#Marie-Claude_Bourbonnais) . Retrieved 17 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Our Guests" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190104204959/http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) . Comicconquebec.com. Archived from the original (http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) on 4 January 2019 . Retrieved 17 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) [2] (http://www.montrealcomiccon.com/fr/invites/88-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140903060704/http://www.montrealcomiccon.com/fr/invites/88-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) September 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Our Guests - Comiccon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190104204959/http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) . www.comicconquebec.com . Archived from the original (http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/) on 4 January 2019 . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Heroes Of The North Hornet Figure by Gensen" (http://www.manofactionfigures.com/products/heroes-north-hornet-figure-gensen) . Manofactionfigures.com . Retrieved 17 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Sexy cosplay Marie-Claude Bourbonnais (fotos+vídeos)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150508032629/http://www.gam3.es/cosplay/sexy-cosplay-especial-marie-claude-bourbonnais-123) . Gam3.es. Archived from the original (http://www.gam3.es/cosplay/sexy-cosplay-especial-marie-claude-bourbonnais-123) on 2015-05-08 . Retrieved 2015-05-06 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marie-Claude Bourbonnais (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie-Claude_Bourbonnais) . 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British-based fashion model, fashion editor and fashion designer. Jennifer Hocking Jennifer Hocking by Brian Duffy - August 1960 Born ( 1929-10-04 ) 4 October 1929 Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia Died 27 May 2011 (2011-05-27) (aged 81) UK Occupation(s) Model, magazine editor, fashion designer Spouse Nigel Howland (divorced) Jennifer Hocking (1929–2011) was an Australian-born British-based fashion model in the 1950s and early 1960s, who then became fashion editor of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and Queen (/wiki/Queen_(magazine)) . Whilst there, she gave Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) her first magazine job. Hocking then pursued fashion design, before rediscovering success as a mature model in the 1990s, when she was described as a "grande dame" after her appearance in Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 's shoots for Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) . Early life [ edit ] Hocking was born in Sydney, where she went to art school. In 1952 she borrowed the fare from her brother and sailed to the United Kingdom to pursue a career as a fashion model. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Whilst there, she married a male model and actor called Nigel Howland. The marriage eventually ended in divorce. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Career [ edit ] Modelling, part 1 [ edit ] Hocking began her career as a model by doing fashion shows, but eventually became a leading photographic model, basing her style on that of a leading American model, Anne St. Marie (/wiki/Anne_St._Marie) . [2] (#cite_note-castle-2) In 1956 Hocking was named London Model of the Year by The Daily Express (/wiki/The_Daily_Express) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Although she could present as aloof and sophisticated, she also had an approachable quality, [2] (#cite_note-castle-2) which enabled her modelling career to be most successful during the transitional period between the 1950s and the mid-1960s, as she resembled a young career woman rather than one of the haughty ladies favoured for 1950s fashion photography. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Along with Paulene Stone (/wiki/Paulene_Stone) , she became a favoured model of Terence Donovan (/wiki/Terence_Donovan_(photographer)) and David Montgomery (/wiki/David_Montgomery_(photographer)) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Brian Duffy (/wiki/Brian_Duffy_(photographer)) photographed her with the author Frank Norman (/wiki/Frank_Norman) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) However, Hocking became aware that her maturity was working against her, as teenage models began to be more popular, and she ceased modelling. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Journalism [ edit ] Hocking's first job after quitting modelling was as a stylist for Fashion , before being transferred to Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and succeeding Molly Parkin (/wiki/Molly_Parkin) as fashion editor. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) She stayed on in 1970 when Harper's Bazaar merged with Queen (/wiki/Queen_(magazine)) to become Harper's & Queen . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Whilst at Harper's & Queen, Hocking was challenged by the small budgets and tiny fashion department, but hired a young 21-year old Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) as her editorial assistant as she was impressed by Wintour's precocious professionalism. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) In 1974, Hocking was asked by the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) to choose that year's defining looks for their Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) collection, for which she selected male and female knitted ensembles by Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) . [4] (#cite_note-rl-4) A couple of years later, Hocking helped style Joanna Lumley (/wiki/Joanna_Lumley) for some episodes of The New Avengers (/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(TV_series)) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Following the decision of Harpers & Queen to try and challenge British (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) Vogue 's place at the top of the British fashion magazine hierarchy, Hocking decided to leave, and was succeeded by Min Hogg (/wiki/Min_Hogg) despite Wintour trying for the job. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Fashion design [ edit ] After leaving Harper's & Queen , Hocking became a fashion designer for Christopher Carr Jones's mail-order company, and then started up her own equivalent business. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Modelling, part 2 [ edit ] In the 1990s, Hocking resumed modelling as a professional mature model, and came to the attention of Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , who had been seeking out other models that had retired in the mid-1960s in order to develop the narrative of his photographs for Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Along with Tania Mallet (/wiki/Tania_Mallet) , Hocking became one of Testino's favourite models as a representation of the "early-60s Englishness" that enhanced the Burberry brand. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) In 2002, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) described Hocking and Mallet as "grande dames" who looked as good in Burberry fashion as their co-star, the young and glamorous Elizabeth Jagger (/wiki/Elizabeth_Jagger) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) [5] (#cite_note-5) Later life and death [ edit ] Hocking died in 2011 of cancer at the age of 81. She was survived by her daughter Wendy, also a model, and her son Julian. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Horwell, Veronica (16 June 2011). "Jennifer Hocking obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/16/jennifer-hocking-obituary) . The Guardian . Retrieved 14 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Castle, Charles (1977). Model girl . Chartwell Books. p. 44 (https://archive.org/details/modelgirl0000cast/page/44) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780890091296 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Entwistle, Joanne; Wissinger, Elizabeth (2013). Fashioning Models: Image, Text and Industry . A&C Black. p. 195. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780857853103 . ^ (#cite_ref-rl_4-0) Lester, Richard (2013). Dress of the year . Antique Collectors' Club. pp. 62–63. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781851497256 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sherwood, James (9 October 2002). "For the makers of cool, a hip vs. heritage dilemma" (https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/09/news/for-the-makers-of-cool-a-hip-vs-heritage-dilemma.html) . The New York Times . International Herald Tribune . Retrieved 14 August 2017 . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is braid group (/wiki/Braid_group) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐pr7c7 Cached time: 20240626121738 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.028 seconds Real time usage: 0.044 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 376/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627147/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 38.172 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 38.172 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19264359-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626121738 and revision id 1215447388. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Braid groups" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Braid group (/wiki/Braid_group) A Affine braid group (/wiki/Affine_braid_group) Artin–Tits group (/wiki/Artin%E2%80%93Tits_group) B Braid theory (/wiki/Braid_theory) Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups (/wiki/Braids,_Links,_and_Mapping_Class_Groups) Burau representation (/wiki/Burau_representation) D Dehornoy order (/wiki/Dehornoy_order) Double affine braid group (/wiki/Double_affine_braid_group) G Group-based cryptography (/wiki/Group-based_cryptography) H Hurwitz braid group (/wiki/Hurwitz_braid_group) L Lawrence–Krammer representation (/wiki/Lawrence%E2%80%93Krammer_representation) Loop braid group (/wiki/Loop_braid_group) M Matsumoto's theorem (group theory) (/wiki/Matsumoto%27s_theorem_(group_theory)) S Spherical braid group (/wiki/Spherical_braid_group) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Braid_groups&oldid=1215447388 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Braid_groups&oldid=1215447388) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Braids (/wiki/Category:Braids) Geometric group theory (/wiki/Category:Geometric_group_theory) Geometric topology (/wiki/Category:Geometric_topology) Knot theory (/wiki/Category:Knot_theory)
Dress worn by Catherine Middleton at her wedding to Prince William in 2011 Wedding dress of Catherine Middleton Catherine wearing her wedding dress as she and William make an appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) , April 2011. Designer Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) Year 2011 ( 2011 ) Type Lace appliqué (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Material Satin (/wiki/Satin) , lace (/wiki/Lace) The wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn by Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) at her wedding to Prince William (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton) on 29 April 2011 was designed by English designer Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) , creative director of the luxury fashion house Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The dress and its maker were not formally announced until the bride stepped from her car to enter Westminster Abbey (/wiki/Westminster_Abbey) just prior to the service. [2] (#cite_note-bbc-2) Noted for its design, symbolism, and expected influence on Western (/wiki/Western_world) bridal gown trends, the dress was widely anticipated and generated much comment in the media. Replicas of the dress were produced and sold, and the original dress was on display at Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) from 23 July 2011 until 3 October 2011 during the annual summer exhibition. Pre-wedding speculation [ edit ] Prior to the wedding, there was much speculation as to Middleton's choice of dress. The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) reported on 6 March on speculation that Middleton had chosen McQueen designer Sarah Burton. Their report stated: "A fashion source said that the dress will be a combination of Middleton's own design ideas and Burton's deep knowledge and understanding of high fashion." The label and Burton both denied any involvement. [3] (#cite_note-3) Burton's work came to the notice of Middleton in 2005 when she attended the wedding of Tom Parker Bowles (/wiki/Tom_Parker_Bowles) , the son of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwall) . Burton had designed the bridal gown for his bride, fashion journalist Sara Buys. [4] (#cite_note-TMG8364610-4) Also suggested were Phillipa Lepley, Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , [5] (#cite_note-latimes-spec-5) Sophie Cranston's Libelula, [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Jasper Conran (/wiki/Jasper_Conran) , [8] (#cite_note-Xinhua-8) [9] (#cite_note-star-muchado-9) Elizabeth Emanuel (/wiki/Elizabeth_Emanuel) , [10] (#cite_note-latimes-trad-10) Daniella Issa Helayel (/wiki/Engagement_announcement_dress_of_Kate_Middleton) , [8] (#cite_note-Xinhua-8) Marchesa (/wiki/Marchesa_(brand)) by Keren Craig (/wiki/Keren_Craig) and Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) , [5] (#cite_note-latimes-spec-5) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , [5] (#cite_note-latimes-spec-5) Bruce Oldfield (/wiki/Bruce_Oldfield) , [9] (#cite_note-star-muchado-9) [10] (#cite_note-latimes-trad-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) and Catherine Walker (/wiki/Catherine_Walker_(fashion_designer)) . [10] (#cite_note-latimes-trad-10) Burton emerged as the odds-on favourite (/wiki/Odds) to create the dress amongst bookmakers (/wiki/Bookmaker) , to the extent that English bookmaker William Hill (/wiki/William_Hill_(bookmaker)) stopped taking wagers weeks before the event. David Emanuel (/wiki/David_Emanuel_(fashion_designer)) , co-designer of the wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) , commented to the Canadian fashion journalist Jeanne Beker (/wiki/Jeanne_Beker) that "McQueen is owned by Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , an Italian company. If Kate's gone that route, it would be the first time a British-owned house wasn't chosen. And the Italians would have a field day with that." [12] (#cite_note-12) According to Joanna Marschner, Senior Curator of the Historic Royal Palaces, "the dresses have had to grow as the media expectation has grown. Television cameras in Westminster Abbey have meant that those dresses are going to have to live up to those venues and indeed be of a design excellence to bear infinite scrutiny." [8] (#cite_note-Xinhua-8) Design [ edit ] Official statements noted that Middleton wished to combine tradition and modernity, "with the artistic vision that characterises Alexander McQueen's work." She and Burton worked closely together in formulating the dress design. [13] (#cite_note-timeless-13) The pattern used on the sleeves is now known as "Kate's lace", while the bodice contains soft satin pleats. The British tabloid News of the World (/wiki/News_of_the_World) reported that the dress cost £250,000, [14] (#cite_note-scotsman-14) although a Clarence House (/wiki/Clarence_House) spokesperson dismissed that claim. [15] (#cite_note-sky-15) It was also reported that Middleton's parents paid for the bridal gown. [16] (#cite_note-16) The ivory satin bodice was padded slightly at the hips and narrowed at the waist, and was inspired by the Victorian tradition of corsetry that is a particular Alexander McQueen hallmark. [17] (#cite_note-17) The bodice incorporated floral motifs cut from machine-made lace, which were then appliquéd on to silk net ( tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) ) by workers from the Royal School of Needlework (/wiki/Royal_School_of_Needlework) , based at Hampton Court Palace. On the back were 58 buttons of gazar (/wiki/Gazar) and organza (/wiki/Organza) , which fasten by means of rouleau loops. The skirt, underskirt trim and bridal train (which measured 270 cm—110in) also incorporated lace appliquéd in a similar manner. The main body of the dress was made in ivory and white satin gazar, using UK fabrics which had been specially sourced by Sarah Burton, with a long, full skirt designed to echo an opening flower, with soft pleats which unfolded to the floor, forming a Victorian-style semi-bustle (/wiki/Bustle) at the back, and finishing in a short train measuring just under three metres in length. [18] (#cite_note-18) To partially fulfill the ' something blue (/wiki/Something_old) ' portion of the British wedding tradition, a blue ribbon was sewn inside the dress. The design for the bodice of the dress featuring lace in the style of the 19th century was the 'something old'. [19] (#cite_note-19) The British press showed considerable interest in the lace used in the wedding dress, but their published reports [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) are at variance with available documentation, and suggest that they were briefed with common incorrect or misleading information. The facts about the lace are as follows. The effect achieved by the design of the bodice is similar to that of the decorated nets that were popular in the late 19th century, typified by the Limerick and Carrickmacross laces of Ireland. [23] (#cite_note-23) For the latter, machine-made net is used as a basis on which floral and other designs are created by various hand-needlework techniques. The embroiderers washed their hands every 30 minutes and changed needles every 3 hours to make sure that the lace would remain immaculate until the wedding day. [24] (#cite_note-24) The press release from the Royal School of Needlework [25] (#cite_note-25) states that the technique used in Catherine's wedding dress "was influenced by" traditional Carrickmacross lace (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) technique. However, the technique itself was a completely different and modern device: floral motifs were cut out of lengths of lace produced on large 19th-century machines and stitched to machine net. [26] (#cite_note-26) Three companies are known to have produced lace for the dress: Sophie Hallette [27] (#cite_note-27) and Solstiss [28] (#cite_note-28) in France, and the Cluny Lace Company in Ilkeston, Derbyshire. [29] (#cite_note-29) The majority of the dress is made using the Solstiss lace, specifically the skirt and train. The styles of machine lace go by the names "English Cluny" and "Chantilly", but should not be confused with the older hand-made bobbin laces of the same names. The lace was not specially commissioned for the dress, but chosen from stock patterns (what was formerly known only as Sophie Hallette's "950264" is now known as "Kate's lace", however, this lace was only used for the bodice of the dress, the skirt and train are made of the Solstiss lace. Grace Kelly's wedding dress was also made from lace by Solstiss, a French company. All the companies involved are known to produce the highest quality of couture lace. [30] (#cite_note-30) ) and hence the floral motifs available were those present in the patterns. The lace designs include roses, thistles, daffodils and shamrocks, representing the national flowers of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Tudor Rose (/wiki/Tudor_Rose) Rosa cultivar 'Mary Rose' Shamrock (/wiki/Shamrock) Trifolium repens Scottish Thistle (/wiki/Onopordum_acanthium) Onopordum acanthium Daffodil (/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)) Narcissus Reception and influence [ edit ] The dress generated much comment in the media from fashion experts and was very well received. It was noted that the design was largely traditional and inspired by dresses from the 1950s. Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) wrote "the dress is classic and goes very well in the Westminster decor. It almost reminds me of Elizabeth (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) 's wedding, the royal weddings in the [19]50s. The proportion of the train is good. The lace is very pretty. I like the veil a lot." [33] (#cite_note-Reuters-wows-33) Antonio Marras (/wiki/Antonio_Marras) , of Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) , stated, "the choice of the label and the style of the dress was a very clever mix between edgy fashion and tradition — all in a very British way. You could see references to Grace Kelly (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Grace_Kelly) [34] (#cite_note-34) or Queen Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth) 's dresses, but in a simpler, more modern way." [33] (#cite_note-Reuters-wows-33) It was noted that the lace bodice of Middleton's dress echoed that worn by Grace Kelly for her marriage to Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco) , in 1956. [2] (#cite_note-bbc-2) Comparisons were also drawn with Princess Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) 's wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret) . Mark Badgley of Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) wrote that "it's the kind of gown that will stand the test of time. Not all gowns do. Any bride across the world will want to wear it. It's got a touch of vintage, a classic 1950s ball gown, so timeless that her daughter would look gorgeous in this gown 30 years from now." [35] (#cite_note-nyt-reacts-35) Meanwhile, Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) stated that it was "a very traditional dress for a very traditional wedding...not ostentatious. There was not 50 meters of train, and it was not overembroidered. It was just a very traditional dress for a ravishing girl who doesn't need a lot." [35] (#cite_note-nyt-reacts-35) Comparisons were also made to the dress worn (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) by Prince William (/wiki/Prince_William) 's mother, Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Lady_Diana_Spencer) . Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) said "Diana's dress had a sense of innocence, whimsy, almost storybook romance. In contrast Catherine's gown was about way more than simply the dress. Sarah Burton channelled a new take on classicism for a modern-day bride who will one day be queen." [35] (#cite_note-nyt-reacts-35) Diana's wedding dress maker, Elizabeth Emanuel (/wiki/Elizabeth_Emanuel) , has suggested: "Exactly as it happened in 1981, there are going to be people watching as she walks down the aisle with their sketch pads, with the machinists and pattern cutters all ready and waiting. By the next morning you'll see copies in High Street." [13] (#cite_note-timeless-13) Emanuel says the dress would fit many body shapes. [36] (#cite_note-36) A replica of the dress outside a shop in Belfast (/wiki/Belfast) . There were many suggestions that the style of the dress would influence wedding fashion for the next few years. Alison McGill, the editor-in-chief of Weddingbells Magazine : "I think her choice to wear long sleeves signals a big goodbye to strapless wedding gowns." [37] (#cite_note-37) Meanwhile, Veronica Di Santo-Abramowicz, of the Toronto-based Ines Di Santo (/wiki/Ines_Di_Santo) label opined "Kate's dress will influence so much of the bridal style that we will see over the next few years. It always happens that when a person of royalty or high stature gets married, this sets trends for several years. For example, Diana's gown and Carolyn Bessette (/wiki/Carolyn_Bessette-Kennedy) 's gown are two noteworthy brides that come to mind." [38] (#cite_note-38) One British firm's replica, commissioned by The Times (/wiki/The_Times) as a contest prize, was completed less than five hours after Middleton began her car ride to the Abbey. The firm received numerous inquiries within a day, but expressed that it would have to consult lawyers before replicas could be sold. [39] (#cite_note-39) New Zealand couturist Jane Yeh worked through the night after the wedding to create another copy of the dress. [40] (#cite_note-40) Chinese dressmakers told news reporters they expected to have knock-offs (/wiki/Knock-off) of the dress available one week from the event; one expressed frustration that it was not leaked in advance so that they could have stock prepared earlier. Another suggested a £70 to £90 retail price. [41] (#cite_note-41) The choice of a dress from the fashion house of Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , who had died by suicide in 2010, led Hubert de Givenchy (/wiki/Hubert_de_Givenchy) to state "It's a lovely thought, a nice tribute." [33] (#cite_note-Reuters-wows-33) The dress, along with other items pertaining to the Royal Wedding, were exhibited at Buckingham Palace from 23 July 2011 until 3 October 2011. [42] (#cite_note-horrid-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) The method of displaying the dress and tiara (on a headless mannequin (/wiki/Mannequin) lit by white lighting) was reported to have been described as "horrid" by the Queen during a private tour of the exhibition with the Duchess of Cambridge in July 2011. [42] (#cite_note-horrid-42) A microphone overheard the Queen remarking to the Duchess "It's made to look very creepy" while Catherine responded that it had a "3D effect". [44] (#cite_note-44) The dress helped attract a record number of visitors to Buckingham Palace in the summer months of 2011. It was also reported to have helped raise around ten million pounds towards Middleton's own charity fund as well as the Royal Collection. [45] (#cite_note-45) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Engagement announcement dress of Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Engagement_announcement_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kate Middleton's bridal dress designed by Sarah Burton" (http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Royal-Wedding/ROYAL-WEDDING-Kate-Middletons-Dress-Designed-By-Sarah-Burton/Article/201104415981854?lpos=Royal_Wedding_Top_Stories_Header_1&lid=ARTICLE_15981854_ROYAL_WEDDING_Kate_Middletons_Dress_Designed_By_Sarah_Burton) . Sky News. 29 April 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120120133615/http://news.sky.com/home/royal-wedding/article/15981854) from the original on 20 January 2012 . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Royal wedding: What are they saying about the dress?" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13236617) . BBC News. 29 April 2011. 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London. 23 July 2011. Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8655222/Kate-Middletons-dress-display-is-horrid-cries-Queen.html) on 23 July 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Witchell, Nicholas (23 July 2011). "Queen overheard criticising Duchess wedding dress display" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14257114) . BBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160108101202/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14257114) from the original on 8 January 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Queen spooked by Catherine's wedding dress display" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170329/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5juNjIDWTOWkSZZozaIb2VyInTWvg?docId=CNG.12b3e2d8c5a021ba35421e540e77eecd.331) . Associated Press . Archived from the original (https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5juNjIDWTOWkSZZozaIb2VyInTWvg?docId=CNG.12b3e2d8c5a021ba35421e540e77eecd.331) on 22 July 2011 . Retrieved 23 July 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Rayner, Gordon (4 October 2011). "Duchess of Cambridge's wedding dress 'raises £10m' (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8806208/Kate-Middleton-wedding-dress-raises-10m.html) " (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8806208/Kate-Middleton-wedding-dress-raises-10m.html) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021843/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8806208/Kate-Middleton-wedding-dress-raises-10m.html) from the original on 21 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dress of Kate Middleton (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wedding_dress_of_Kate_Middleton) . 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Danish clothing company IC Group Company type Limited company Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2001 Headquarters Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Key people Mads Ryder ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Revenue DKK (/wiki/Danish_krone) 2.5 billion (2013/14) [1] (#cite_note-Berlingske-1) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) DKK 221 million (2013/14) [1] (#cite_note-Berlingske-1) Website www.icgroup.net (http://da.icgroup.net/) IC Group is a clothing company based in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark. Isabell Kristensen store, 33 Beauchamp Place (/wiki/Beauchamp_Place) , London (2016) History [ edit ] IC Group was founded as IC Companys in 2001 through the merger of InWear Group A/S and Carli Gry International A/S. InWear had been founded by Niels Martinsen in 1973. Carly Gry traced its history back to 1940 when Jørgen and Carli Gry opened a small shop in Copenhagen. In 1973, the company launched the clothing brand Jackpot. In 2002, IC Group acquired the brand Saint Tropez and launched the brands O by Isabell Kristensen (since 2006: Soaked in Luxury) and Designers Remix Collection. In 2003, the company acquired the brand Tiger of Sweden and launched the brand By Malene Birger as a joint-venture with the designer Malene Birger (/wiki/Malene_Birger) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2013, IC Group sold its two brands Jackpot and Cottonfield to Coop Danmark (/wiki/Coop_Danmark) . [3] (#cite_note-3) InWear, Matinique, Part Two and Soaked in Luxury were sold in 2014 to DK Company (/wiki/DK_Company) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The company subsequently changed its name to IC Group. [1] (#cite_note-Berlingske-1) In June 2018, Peak Performance was sold to Amer Sports Corporation [5] (#cite_note-Amer-5) In January 2019, the IC Group announced it will be selling its Saint Tropez fashion brand to DK Company (/wiki/DK_Company) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In May 2019, it was announced that Friheden Invest A/S, IC's main shareholder, had decided to submit an offer to purchase all company shares and therefore to take the company private. This decision comes shortly after another IC investor, Nordea Funds Ltd, cut its holding to zero. [7] (#cite_note-7) In June 2019, the IC Group announced it will be initiating organizational changes and store closures at their Tiger of Sweden (/wiki/Tiger_of_Sweden) brand. The company noted that these cost-cutting measures will lead to non-recurring costs of 10 million Danish crone for the 2018/19 financial year. [8] (#cite_note-8) Brands [ edit ] By Malene Birger Designers Remix (/wiki/Designers_Remix) Tiger of Sweden (/wiki/Tiger_of_Sweden) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "IC Companys er snart fortid tøjmærker" (http://www.business.dk/detailhandel/ic-companys-er-snart-fortid) . Berlingske . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dansk modedronning fylder rundt" (http://politiken.dk/navne/foedselsdage/ECE1827548/dansk-modedronning-fylder-rundt/) (in Danish). Politiken . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "IC Companys is selling Jackpot and Cottonfield to COOP" (http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/05/28/549999/0/en/IC-Companys-is-selling-Jackpot-and-Cottonfield-to-COOP.html) . Nasdaq . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "IC Companys sælger fire kendte tøjmærker" (http://politiken.dk/oekonomi/virksomheder/ECE2246669/ic-companys-saelger-fire-kendte-toejmaerker/) . Politiken . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Amer_5-0) "Closing of the Peak Performance sale completed" (http://www.icgroup.net/announcement/closing-of-the-peak-performance-sale-completed-2202050/) . IC Group . Retrieved 6 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "IC Group to sell Saint Tropez fashion brand to DK Company" (https://www.retail-insight-network.com/news/ic-group-saint-tropez/) . Verdict Retail . 2019-01-29 . Retrieved 2020-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Halliday, Sandra (2019-05-17). "IC Group founder offers to take company private" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Ic-group-founder-offers-to-take-company-private,1100081.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2020-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Singh, Prachi (2019-06-18). "IC Group lowers outlook, initiates cost-cutting measures at Tiger of Sweden" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/ic-group-lowers-outlook-initiates-cost-cutting-measures-at-tiger-of-sweden/2019061843730) . fashionunited.uk . Retrieved 2020-02-06 . 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American fashion designer For other people with similar names, see Katie Gallagher (disambiguation) (/wiki/Katie_Gallagher_(disambiguation)) . Katie Gallagher Katie Gallagher portrait (2012) Born ( 1986-08-15 ) August 15, 1986 Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) , U.S. Died July 23, 2022 (2022-07-23) (aged 35) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Education Rhode Island School of Design (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) Label Katie Gallagher Kathryn Marie "' Katie " Gallagher (August 15, 1986 – July 23, 2022) was an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and founder of her own brand in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Gallagher's designs were featured in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Interview magazine (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , and Refinery 29 magazines. Refinery 29 identified as one of six designers to watch. In January 2010, Gallagher was named as a semi-finalist in the 2009/2010 Ecco Domani (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) Fashion Foundation search for emerging fashion designers. Early life and education [ edit ] Katie Gallagher was born in western Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) and spent her early childhood there. About her youth, Gallagher said, "I never wore shoes, and I hated wearing clothes (but always wore my cat on my head)!" [1] (#cite_note-frakes-1) From seventh grade through high school, she lived in State College (/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania) , Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) , and taught herself to sew. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) She shopped for vintage clothes, and altered them on a little Singer (/wiki/Singer_Corporation) sewing machine. [1] (#cite_note-frakes-1) Gallagher declared apparel design as her major after her freshman year at the Rhode Island School of Design (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) . [4] (#cite_note-gogol-4) Her first apparel design project at RISD (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) was a dress fabricated from springs she made herself. [5] (#cite_note-smith-5) Gallagher interned for Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) during the summer following her sophomore year, and for threeASFOUR (/wiki/Threeasfour) between her junior and senior years and also during winter break in her senior year. [4] (#cite_note-gogol-4) [ dead link ] Her senior thesis project was a collection entirely in black. The collection included tailored dresses, silk and leather jackets, and detailing that included silver chains and ruffles. [6] (#cite_note-yee-6) The work that Gallagher produced at RISD (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) attracted the attention of fashion magazines including Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) magazine and Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and buyers from fashion boutiques SEVEN New York (/w/index.php?title=SEVEN_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1) in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) and I.T (/wiki/I.T) in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . [6] (#cite_note-yee-6) [ better source needed ] Magazine editors began to interview Gallagher during her senior year. [6] (#cite_note-yee-6) [ dead link ] Katie Gallagher graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Apparel Design degree in May, 2009. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Gallagher moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and established "Katie Gallagher". She moved to the Chinatown (/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan) area of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . Gallagher began work on her SS10 (spring/summer 2010) collection in anticipation of showing the apparel at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in September 2009. She made sketches and paintings to establish the design for the line prior to fabrication. The SS10 collection, entitled "Veil", was well received by the press. [7] (#cite_note-phelan-7) She submitted photos of the line to the Ecco Domani (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) Fashion Foundation for consideration in their 2009/2010 search for emerging designers. In January 2010, Gallagher was notified that she was a semi-finalist in the Ecco Domani (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) Fashion Foundation 2009/2010 search. [ citation needed ] Gallagher presented collections for SS10, AW10, SS11, AW11, SS12, and AW12 at New York Fashion Week. Her SS10 collection was called "darkly futuristic, sleek" in Refinery 29 . [7] (#cite_note-phelan-7) "The Heart of the Woods and What I Found There", her AW10 collection, featured "dark layered separates, with flashes of cream, grey and green". [8] (#cite_note-8) [ failed verification ] Considered "sporty yet aggressive", Gallagher's SS11 collection, "Arena", was inspired by athletics, in particular running. [9] (#cite_note-9) "Gris-Gris", her AW11 collection named after the voodoo talisman bag, featured "grays and blacks, asymmetries and paradoxical volumes", and "heavily blackened eyes, and a cyborg-esque eye detail". [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-anderson-11) In discussing her SS12 collection, "Red Red Blood", Gallagher specified that it was, "Not the blood of nightmares of brutality, but the blood that's sanguine, living and the brightest red." [12] (#cite_note-scroggins-12) Detailing included makeup inspired by the bloodstream, and hair inspired by the heart. [12] (#cite_note-scroggins-12) AW12 "Silent Soil" was inspired by the forest. The collection featured fabrics including boiled wool, shearling, leather, silk, and chiffon. Gallagher's "trademark" leggings were used in the collection, but not highlighted as in past shows. [13] (#cite_note-gray-13) Selected designs from Katie Gallagher's work have been pulled, borrowed for editorial shoots, by Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) , and on a continuing basis by Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) 's stylist, Nicola Formichetti (/wiki/Nicola_Formichetti) . [5] (#cite_note-smith-5) [14] (#cite_note-14) The list of stockists for the Katie Gallagher line has grown to include high-end stores around the world. [15] (#cite_note-15) In explaining her method of designing, Gallagher said, "Everything I make starts with my paintings, which I've done every season prior to construction. I love to try to re-create a three-dimensional version of whatever I've drawn; it requires pretty unconventional pattern-making." [16] (#cite_note-16) On November 5, 2012, Gallagher launched the Katie by Katie Gallagher diffusion line (/wiki/Diffusion_line) of clothing that includes both separates and jewelry pieces. [17] (#cite_note-17) Death [ edit ] Katie died unexpectedly at her home in New York City on July 23, 2022. On March 24, 2023, the NYPD (/wiki/NYPD) announced that her death was ruled a homicide. [18] (#cite_note-18) Designer collections [ edit ] SS10 "Veil" was shown in September 2009 at New York Fashion Week at The Tribeca Grand Hotel (/w/index.php?title=The_Tribeca_Grand_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [7] (#cite_note-phelan-7) AW10 "The Heart of the Woods and What I Found There" was shown in February 2010 at New York Fashion Week at The Soho Grand Hotel (/w/index.php?title=The_Soho_Grand_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1) . [20] (#cite_note-20) SS11 "Arena" was shown in September 2010 at Stoll (/wiki/Stoll) . New York Fashion Week. [21] (#cite_note-21) AW11 "Gris-Gris" was shown in February 2011 at New York Fashion Week at Milk Studios. [11] (#cite_note-anderson-11) SS12 "Red Red Blood" was shown in September 2011 at New York Fashion Week at Milk Studios and Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) at Stealth Projekt (/w/index.php?title=Stealth_Projekt&action=edit&redlink=1) . [12] (#cite_note-scroggins-12) AW12 "Silent Soil" was shown in February 2012 at New York Fashion Week at The Standard Hotel (/wiki/The_Standard_Hotel) and Paris Fashion Week at Stealth Projekt (/w/index.php?title=Stealth_Projekt&action=edit&redlink=1) . [13] (#cite_note-gray-13) SS13 "Everything Forever" was shown in September 2012 at New York Fashion Week at The Standard Hotel. [22] (#cite_note-22) AW13 "The Winter Froze You Away" was shown in February 2013 at New York Fashion Week at The Standard Hotel. SS14 "Bloom" was shown in September 2013 at New York Fashion Week at 55 Gansevoort (/w/index.php?title=55_Gansevoort&action=edit&redlink=1) . FW14 "Wonderworld" was shown in February 2014 at New York Fashion Week at The Highline Hotel (/w/index.php?title=The_Highline_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1) . SS15 "Fantasm" was shown in September 2014 at New York Fashion Week at The Highline Hotel (/w/index.php?title=The_Highline_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1) . FW15 "Navy Eyes" was shown in February 2015 at New York Fashion Week at Pier 59 Studios (/w/index.php?title=Pier_59_Studios&action=edit&redlink=1) . SS16 "Chinatown" was shown in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week at Supermarket Gallery (/w/index.php?title=Supermarket_Gallery&action=edit&redlink=1) and Paris Fashion Week. FW16 "Veiled" was shown in February 2016 at New York Fashion Week at The Roxy Hotel. SS17 "Eclipse" was shown in September 2016 at New York Fashion Week at Foley Gallery (/wiki/Foley_Gallery) . FW17 "Hallow" was shown in February 2017 at New York Fashion Week at Projective Space (/wiki/Projective_Space) . SS18 "Rain" was shown in September 2017 at New York Fashion Week at 725 Washington Street (/w/index.php?title=725_Washington_Street&action=edit&redlink=1) . FW18 "True Red" was shown in February 2018 at New York Fashion Week at Mailroom NYC 110 Wall Street (/w/index.php?title=Mailroom_NYC_110_Wall_Street&action=edit&redlink=1) . SS19 "Rosemary" was shown in September 2018 at New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. FW19 "TenTenTen" was shown in February 2019 at New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. SS20 "Bath House" was shown in September 2019 at New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. FW20 "The Danger of Tears" was shown in February 2020 at New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. SS21 "Orpiment" was shown in September 2020 at New York Fashion Week via CFDA (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Runway360. FW21 "Ocean Grey" was shown in February 2021 at New York Fashion week via CFDARunway360. SS21 "Cicadas" was shown in October 2021 during Paris Fashion Week. FW22 "Chordeva" was shown in February 2022 during New York Fashion Week. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Julia Frakes "Designer Katie Gallagher to Present Her First Full Collection" (http://www.papermag.com/2009/08/katie_gallagher.php) PAPERMAG August 25, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-2) cwriteandtheride "In Fashion: Designer Katie Gallagher" (http://cwrite.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/in-fashion-designer-katie-gallagher/) the ride, wordpress.com November 22, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Victoria Cohen "katie girl" (http://www.thecontributingeditor.com/2011/03/katie-girl/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120622213014/http://www.thecontributingeditor.com/2011/03/katie-girl) 2012-06-22 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Contributing Editor March 30, 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b Ariella Gogol "Katie Gallagher on Monochrome and Models" Fashion (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/blogs/fashion/2010-03-02/katie-gallagher/) Interview March 2, 2010 ^ Jump up to: a b Molly Smith, Piera Gelardi "Designer Katie Gallagher Brings Her Style Home to NYC" My Style (https://www.refinery29.com/designer-katie-gallagher-designer-brings-her-style-home-to-nyc) Refinery 29 March 25, 2010 ^ Jump up to: a b c Deanne Yee "Katie Gallagher" (http://dossierjournal.com/style/fashion/katie-gallagher/) Dossier Journal December 24, 2009 ^ Jump up to: a b c Hayley Phelan "The Six New Designers to Watch Now" (https://www.refinery29.com/the-new-designers-to-watch-now?page=1) Refinery 29 October 5, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Designer Profile: Katie Gallagher" (http://www.dreamsequins.com/2009/12/designer-profile-katie-gallagher.html) Dream Sequins December 31, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "She did it again…Katie Gallagher::: Arena (Preview)" (http://strytllng.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/she-did-it-again-katie-gallagher-arena-preview/) Strytllng September 15, 2010 2nd sentence ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Katie Gallagher's 'gris-gris' Autumn Winter 2011 collection" (http://www.morfae.com/0751-gallagher/) Morfae March 16, 2011 Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120519084616/http://www.morfae.com/0751-gallagher/) May 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ Jump up to: a b Cynthia Anderson "Katie Gallagher thrills with Gris-Gris" (http://www.stylewylde.com/fashion/2011/2/14/katie-gallagher-thrills-with-gris-gris.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131110233303/http://www.stylewylde.com/fashion/2011/2/14/katie-gallagher-thrills-with-gris-gris.html) 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Style Wylde February 14, 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b c Rachel Scroggins "Katie Gallagher S/S 2012" (http://thegreyestghost.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/katie-gallagher-ss-2012/) The Greyest Ghost January 9, 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b Lauren Gray "Katie Gallagher – Fall 2012 – On Silent Soil" (http://modacycle.com/english/2012/02/15/katie-gallagher-fall-2012-on-silent-soil/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120217171209/http://modacycle.com/english/2012/02/15/katie-gallagher-fall-2012-on-silent-soil/) 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) modaCYCLE February 15, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Scintillating Start - Katie Gallagher 09 AP" "Where We Are" RISDxyz p 57 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Allison Daniels "This Offbeat Designer Is A Huge Hit With Daphne Guinness and Nicola Formichetti" (https://www.refinery29.com/katie-gallagher) Refinery 29 Aug 15, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Alexa Brazilian "New Designers: Katie Gallagher…The designer defies gravity with her technically wondrous spring collection" (http://www.elle.com/Fashion/Fashion-Spotlight/New-Designer-Katie-Gallagher-s-Spring-Collection) Elle February 10, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Susan Williamson "Katie Gallagher's Line Brings Minimalist Pieces With Maximum Style" (https://www.refinery29.com/katie-by-katie-gallagher) Refinery 29 November 2, 2012 retrieved November 22, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Death of Acclaimed NYC Fashion Designer Who Dressed Gaga Ruled Homicide 8 Months Later (https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/manhattan-fashion-designer-katie-gallaghers-death-ruled-homicide-8-months-later/4177997) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Katie Gallagher to Present Her First Full Collection (http://www.ismental.com/2009/09/katie-gallagher-to-present-her-first.html) IS MENTAL September 10, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Katie Gallagher AW10 Lookbook" (http://fashioncopious.typepad.com/fashioncopious/2010/04/katie-gallagher-aw10-lookbook.html#tp) Fashion Copious April 15, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Carolyn Brennan "New York FW S/S 2011 Our Favorite Collections" (http://revistametal.com/2010/11/new-york-fw-ss-2011/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110424025938/http://revistametal.com/2010/11/new-york-fw-ss-2011/) 2011-04-24 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) METAL Magazine November 26, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Lexi Nisita "Up Close And Personal At Katie Gallagher's Spring '13 Presentation" (https://www.refinery29.com/2012/09/36362/katie-gallagher) Refinery 29 September 7, 2012 retrieved September 8, 2012 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Katie Gallagher (fashion designer) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Katie_Gallagher_(fashion_designer)) . 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Full academic dress (/wiki/Academic_dress) for the University of Manchester (/wiki/University_of_Manchester) prescribed for bachelors and masters Academic dress of the University of Manchester describes the gowns, hoods and headwear which are prescribed by the university for its graduates and officers. Introduction [ edit ] The University of Manchester (/wiki/University_of_Manchester) was created as a result of the merger of UMIST (/wiki/UMIST) and the Victoria University of Manchester (/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester) in 2004. Rather than adapt the academic dress of its predecessor institutions, the university appointed Ede & Ravenscroft (/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft) to create a new range of academic robes upon its foundation. In the university regulations it states: "Those Members of the University who are entitled to wear academic dress shall do so at the ceremonials of the University." The wearing of academic dress is confined to occasions of high ceremony, especially graduation congregations, therefore undergraduate gowns for university-wide purposes do not exist, neither do 'undress robes' for doctors. However, in a few traditional halls of residence undergraduates wear academic gowns at formal dinners, held biweekly at St. Anselm Hall (/wiki/St._Anselm_Hall) and twice a term at Hulme Hall (/wiki/Hulme_Hall,_Manchester) . Manchester undergraduate gowns were traditionally black undergraduate gowns (u1 on the Groves classification system) with red piping around the yoke. These are now worn only at Hulme Hall, where they are supplied by Ede & Ravenscroft. Also, university staff participating in ceremonies as ushers wear a black gown of a different pattern than that prescribed for bachelor or master graduates. At a University of Manchester graduation ceremony the graduands wear the academic dress appropriate to the qualification they are about to be awarded. Mortarboards or Tudor bonnets are worn at the finish of the ceremony and in procession, but held in the hand otherwise. Officers of the university and participating academics wear their headgear throughout, except when tipping their hats to the presiding officer and speakers. Gowns [ edit ] Doctoral dress for non-higher doctorates Bachelors and holders of Diplomas and Certificates [ edit ] Bachelors etc. - A robe of black silk or stuff of the shape special to the University. The gown is of the traditional masters' shape with the boot of the sleeve cut into the shape of an 'M', a distinction unique to the university, designated [m18] under the Groves classification system (/wiki/Groves_classification_system) . Masters [ edit ] Masters - A robe of black silk or stuff of the shape special to the University, as for bachelors. Doctors [ edit ] Higher Doctorates (e.g. DSc (/wiki/DSc) , DLitt (/wiki/DLitt) ) - A robe of scarlet cloth in the Oxford Doctors' pattern. The robe has sleeves and facings of purple, edged for one inch with gold ribbon (the 'gold ribbon' used throughout the university's academic dress is yellow, rather than metallic, in appearance) Other Doctorates (e.g. PhD (/wiki/PhD) , DEng (/wiki/Doctor_of_Engineering) ) - A robe of maroon cloth in the Oxford Doctors' pattern. The robe has sleeves and facings of purple, edged for one inch with gold ribbon Hoods [ edit ] Detail of the hood worn by holders of postgraduate master's degrees other than the MPhil Most hoods are of the Cambridge Full [f1] shape in the Groves classification system (/wiki/Groves_classification_system) with the exception of the Certificates and Diplomas hood, which is of a modified Aberdeen [a7] shape. All have purple neckbands with a centrally-placed band of gold ribbon. Excepting those of doctors, all hoods are of black corded material. Certificates and Diplomas [ edit ] Diplomas and Certificates - self-lined with a narrow band of purple within the cowl; Bachelors [ edit ] Bachelors requiring five or more years of study (e.g. MBChB (/wiki/MBChB) ) - a full lining of purple, trimmed within the cowl with two ribbons, the outer of gold and the inner of red All other Bachelors - a broad facing of purple within the cowl, trimmed with a single band of gold ribbon; Masters [ edit ] Undergraduate Masters - a full lining of purple trimmed with two bands of gold ribbon within the cowl; Master of Philosophy - a full lining of purple trimmed with a broad band of gold ribbon within the cowl and a maroon edging on the cape All other Post-Graduate Masters - a full lining of purple carried over as an edging on the cape; Doctors [ edit ] Higher Doctorates - scarlet (woollen) cloth fully lined with purple, the cape edged in gold; Other Doctorates - maroon (woollen) cloth fully lined with purple carried over as an edging on the cape; Caps [ edit ] Bachelors and Masters - a standard black cloth mortarboard (/wiki/Mortarboard) with a black silk tassel. Doctors - a black cloth or velvet Tudor bonnet (/wiki/Tudor_bonnet) with a cord and tassels of gold. Officers [ edit ] Chancellor's robe Officers of the university wear special academic dress on ceremonial occasions. The robe of the Chancellor is of purple silk damask with flap collar and closed, square ended sleeves [d4], edged with silver lace throughout and trimmed with silver frogs on the sleeves, and with the university arms, crest and motto embroidered on each of the revers at chest height. The cap is a black velvet Tudor bonnet with a cord and tassels of silver. The robes worn by other university officers, such as the Vice-Chancellor, Deans and Registrars, and those deputising for them, are similar. The mace-bearer wears a gown with square ended sleeves of plain purple silk or stuff, edged for one inch in gold ribbon, and a black Tudor bonnet with cord and tassels of gold. Major benefactors of the university and other people associated with the university (but who are neither students nor staff) can wear a generally similar gown, in being of plain purple material with edgings of gold ribbon, at ceremonies. References [ edit ] Nicholas Groves (ed.) (2011) Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland , 3rd edition, Published by the Burgon Society, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-95612723-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-95612723-5) , pp. 281–282 [1] (https://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=39973) General Regulations Including Academic Dress Philip Lowe Manchester Academic Dress: the origins and development of academical dress at the Victoria University of Manchester from 1880 to the present day . 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(https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indumentaria_universitaria_en_Espa%C3%B1a) See also The Burgon Society (/wiki/Burgon_Society) Academic scarves (/wiki/Academic_scarf) Honor cords (/wiki/Honor_cords) Legal dress (/wiki/Legal_dress) Praxe (/wiki/Praxe) Category (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Greater Manchester (/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐7bd89c4ccf‐mjvbt Cached time: 20240716035815 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.265 seconds Real time usage: 0.341 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 789/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 88117/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 402/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20706/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.157/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2350820/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities 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Biannual fashion magazine This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/System_(magazine)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:System_(magazine)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)#Products_and_services) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "System" magazine (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22System%22+magazine) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22System%22+magazine+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22System%22+magazine&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22System%22+magazine+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22System%22+magazine) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22System%22+magazine&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article has an unclear citation style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style) . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) and footnoting (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . ( April 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) System Editorial & Publishing Director Mike Obenson Editorial Board Elizabeth von Guttman, Jonathan Wingfield, Thomas Lenthal Categories Fashion Frequency Bi-Annual Publisher Enlightened Publishers, Ltd. [1] (#cite_note-1) First issue 2013 Country UK (/wiki/UK) Based in London (/wiki/London) Language English Website http://system-magazine.com/ (http://system-magazine.com/) ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2052-0808 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2052-0808) System magazine is a biannual publication geared toward insiders of the fashion industry. The magazine offers long-format conversations with relevant individuals within the fashion industry, accompanied by portfolios created by image-makers. ( System was earlier the name of a successful American magazine, "the magazine of business," introduced by A.W. Shaw in 1900.) Owner & Publisher [ edit ] Mike Obenson is the owner of System; he officially bought the publication in 2020. Since then, actively involved in leading the business and shaping its global content, the creative media entrepreneur has played a pivotal role in rescuing and transforming System Magazine into an even more influential media brand, including the launch of another biannual sister publication 'System Beauty' in 2022. [2] (#cite_note-fhcm.paris-2) Editorial board [ edit ] Elizabeth von Guttman, Thomas Lenthal, and Jonathan Wingfield. [3] (#cite_note-nine-3) They are the members of the editorial board (/wiki/Editorial_board) for the magazine. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes-4) Prior System , von Guttman worked as contributors at Industrie magazine. [5] (#cite_note-businessoffashion-5) Jonathan Wingfield has previously been editor-in-chief of Numéro and Numéro Homme magazines for 12 years. Thomas Lenthal has been the creative director of Numéro and French Glamour. Issues [ edit ] System No. 1 "Back to work with Nicolas Ghesquière" System No. 2 "The rules are in my head - Rei Kawabuko" System No. 3 "Juergen Teller - How does he do it?" System No. 4 "Smells like Lara", "Smells like Saskia", "Smells like Stella", "Smells like Liya" System No. 5 "Giorgio Armani's Staying Power" System No. 6 "I wanted something calm - Raf Simons" System No. 7 "The Happy Couple" System No. 8 "Everybody loves Miuccia" System No. 9 "Waiting for Rihanna" System No. 10 "What is Virgil Abloh?" System No. 11 "The Power of Youth" System No. 12 "J'adore Kim" System No. 13 "Angelababy wears Dior", "Fan Chengcheng wears Givenchy", "Ni Ni wears Gucci", "Saint Laurent Rive Droite" System No. 14 "Yohji-san " System No. 15 "What do we talk about? " System No. 16 "The new look " System No. 17 "Counter culture" System No. 18 "The Big Balenciaga Saga" System No. 19 "OWENSCORP" System No. 20 "The Saint Laurents" System No. 21 "Tenth-anniversary issue" System No. 22 "That's Entertainment!" References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Legals – System Magazine" (https://archive.today/20190220064930/http://system-magazine.com/legals/) . 2019-02-20. Archived from the original (http://system-magazine.com/legals/) on 2019-02-20. ^ (#cite_ref-fhcm.paris_2-0) "Mike Obenson" (http://web.archive.org/web/20230924064821/https://www.fhcm.paris/en/news/a-feel-for-fashion-mike-obenson-system-magazine) . 2023-06-07. Archived from the original (https://www.fhcm.paris/en/news/a-feel-for-fashion-mike-obenson-system-magazine) on 2023-09-24. ^ (#cite_ref-nine_3-0) "ELIZABETH VON GUTTMAN - NINE IN THE MIRROR" (https://archive.today/20190220061722/https://www.nineinthemirror.com/interviews/elizabeth/) . 2019-02-20. Archived from the original (https://www.nineinthemirror.com/interviews/elizabeth/) on 2019-02-20. ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes_4-0) Friedman, Vanessa (2019-02-24). "How a Small Indie Magazine Gets Fashion's Hottest Tell-Alls - The New York Times" (https://archive.today/20190224011152/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/10/fashion/system-magazine-interview-seems-to-signal-why-raf-simons-quit-dior.html) . The New York Times . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/10/fashion/system-magazine-interview-seems-to-signal-why-raf-simons-quit-dior.html) on 2019-02-24. ^ (#cite_ref-businessoffashion_5-0) "Alexia Niedzielski & Elizabeth Von Guttman" (https://archive.today/20190220052853/https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/alexia-niedzielski-elizabeth-von-guttman) . 2019-02-20. Archived from the original (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/alexia-niedzielski-elizabeth-von-guttman) on 2019-02-20. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://system-magazine.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7df7778fc8‐7g7ch Cached time: 20240712002236 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.251 seconds Real time usage: 0.347 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1107/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52713/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10585/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26735/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4868396/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 320.295 1 -total 42.11% 134.883 3 Template:Ambox 33.03% 105.808 1 Template:Reflist 26.38% 84.509 1 Template:Multiple_issues 26.36% 84.418 4 Template:Cite_web 20.42% 65.393 1 Template:Short_description 19.32% 61.896 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 18.20% 58.279 1 Template:Infobox 17.42% 55.801 1 Template:Notability 11.45% 36.661 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60024884-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712002236 and revision id 1222003780. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=System_(magazine)&oldid=1222003780 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=System_(magazine)&oldid=1222003780) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Magazines published in London (/wiki/Category:Magazines_published_in_London) Fashion magazines published in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom) Biannual magazines published in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Biannual_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom) Magazines established in 2013 (/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_2013) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with topics of unclear notability from March 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability_from_March_2019) All articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Products articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:Products_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Wikipedia references cleanup from April 2019 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_references_cleanup_from_April_2019) All articles needing references cleanup (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_references_cleanup) Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_April_2019) All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify (/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues)
Brands of shoe manufacturer Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐77ccb7d944‐z5s98 Cached time: 20240709170759 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5290618-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709170759 and revision id 690283489. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Adidas brands" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) A Adicolor (/wiki/Adicolor) Adidas Parley (/wiki/Adidas_Parley) O Adidas Originals (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Adidas_brands&oldid=690283489 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Adidas_brands&oldid=690283489) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Adidas (/wiki/Category:Adidas) Brands by company (/wiki/Category:Brands_by_company) Athletic shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoe_brands) Shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Shoe_brands) Sporting goods brands (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_brands)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from England (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_England) . Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_fashion_designers&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐6b9cb895f7‐524b2 Cached time: 20240720182408 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.132 seconds Real time usage: 0.217 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 434/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29976/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3569/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4301/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946245/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 203.361 1 -total 62.43% 126.949 1 Template:Commons_category 60.99% 124.037 1 Template:Sister_project 60.03% 122.076 1 Template:Side_box 37.51% 76.284 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 36.05% 73.304 2 Template:Category_other 33.46% 68.039 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 28.82% 58.612 1 Template:Category_TOC 23.24% 47.251 1 Template:TOC_top 17.89% 36.390 1 Template:Flatlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5846917-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720182408 and revision id 1147871480. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. Fashion designers from London (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_London) ‎ (26 P) A Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Category:Alexander_McQueen) ‎ (1 C, 14 P) Pages in category "English fashion designers" The following 177 pages are in this category, out of 177 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Walé Adeyemi (/wiki/Wal%C3%A9_Adeyemi) Charlie Allen (designer) (/wiki/Charlie_Allen_(designer)) Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) Alexander Amosu (/wiki/Alexander_Amosu) Paul Andrew (designer) (/wiki/Paul_Andrew_(designer)) Gary Aspden (/wiki/Gary_Aspden) Jacqueline Ayer (/wiki/Jacqueline_Ayer) B Christopher Bailey (fashion designer) (/wiki/Christopher_Bailey_(fashion_designer)) William Baker (fashion designer) (/wiki/William_Baker_(fashion_designer)) Neil Barrett (fashion designer) (/wiki/Neil_Barrett_(fashion_designer)) Luella Bartley (/wiki/Luella_Bartley) John Bates (designer) (/wiki/John_Bates_(designer)) Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Ruqsana Begum (/wiki/Ruqsana_Begum) Judy Bentinck (/wiki/Judy_Bentinck) Antonio Berardi (/wiki/Antonio_Berardi) Sara Berman (fashion designer) (/wiki/Sara_Berman_(fashion_designer)) Celia Birtwell (/wiki/Celia_Birtwell) Ozwald Boateng (/wiki/Ozwald_Boateng) David Bond (designer) (/wiki/David_Bond_(designer)) Moya Bowler (/wiki/Moya_Bowler) Felicity Brown (/wiki/Felicity_Brown) Thomas Burberry (/wiki/Thomas_Burberry) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) Serena Bute (/wiki/Serena_Bute) C Nigel Cabourn (/wiki/Nigel_Cabourn) Charlie Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Charlie_Casely-Hayford) Joe Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Joe_Casely-Hayford) Susie Cave (/wiki/Susie_Cave) Richard Cawley (/wiki/Richard_Cawley) Elspeth Champcommunal (/wiki/Elspeth_Champcommunal) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) Julia Clancey (/wiki/Julia_Clancey) Ossie Clark (/wiki/Ossie_Clark) Sue Clowes (/wiki/Sue_Clowes) Paul Compitus (/wiki/Paul_Compitus) Susannah Constantine (/wiki/Susannah_Constantine) Maria Cornejo (/wiki/Maria_Cornejo) Joseph Corré (/wiki/Joseph_Corr%C3%A9) Carolyn Cowan (/wiki/Carolyn_Cowan) Keren Craig (/wiki/Keren_Craig) Crolla (/wiki/Crolla) Cutler and Gross (/wiki/Cutler_and_Gross) D Wendy Dagworthy (/wiki/Wendy_Dagworthy) Lou Dalton (/wiki/Lou_Dalton) Helen David (/wiki/Helen_David) George Davies (retailer) (/wiki/George_Davies_(retailer)) Terry de Havilland (/wiki/Terry_de_Havilland) Maxime de la Falaise (/wiki/Maxime_de_la_Falaise) Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) Deborah & Clare (/wiki/Deborah_%26_Clare) Simon Doonan (/wiki/Simon_Doonan) Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick (/wiki/Edward_Windsor,_Lord_Downpatrick) Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) E Petra Ecclestone (/wiki/Petra_Ecclestone) Victor Edelstein (/wiki/Victor_Edelstein) Warren Edwards (/wiki/Warren_Edwards) Gail Elliott (/wiki/Gail_Elliott) Phoebe English (/wiki/Phoebe_English) Chris Eubank (/wiki/Chris_Eubank) Clive Evans (fashion designer) (/wiki/Clive_Evans_(fashion_designer)) F Paria Farzaneh (/wiki/Paria_Farzaneh) Amal Fashanu (/wiki/Amal_Fashanu) John Flett (fashion designer) (/wiki/John_Flett_(fashion_designer)) Foale and Tuffin (/wiki/Foale_and_Tuffin) Marion Foale (/wiki/Marion_Foale) Tan France (/wiki/Tan_France) Gina Fratini (/wiki/Gina_Fratini) G Kimberley Garner (/wiki/Kimberley_Garner) Bay Garnett (/wiki/Bay_Garnett) General Eyewear (/wiki/General_Eyewear) Elspeth Gibson (/wiki/Elspeth_Gibson) Peter Golding (/wiki/Peter_Golding) Paul Gorman (/wiki/Paul_Gorman) Maria Grachvogel (/wiki/Maria_Grachvogel) Craig Green (designer) (/wiki/Craig_Green_(designer)) Andrew Groves (/wiki/Andrew_Groves) Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) H Jeremy Hackett (/wiki/Jeremy_Hackett) Malcolm Hall (fashion designer) (/wiki/Malcolm_Hall_(fashion_designer)) Katharine Hamnett (/wiki/Katharine_Hamnett) Elizabeth Handley-Seymour (/wiki/Elizabeth_Handley-Seymour) Georgia Hardinge (/wiki/Georgia_Hardinge) Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) Doug Hayward (/wiki/Doug_Hayward) Wayne Hemingway (/wiki/Wayne_Hemingway) Scott Henshall (/wiki/Scott_Henshall) Anya Hindmarch (/wiki/Anya_Hindmarch) Henry Holland (fashion designer) (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) Simon Holloway (/wiki/Simon_Holloway) House of Flora (/wiki/House_of_Flora) Margaret Howell (/wiki/Margaret_Howell) Barbara Hulanicki (/wiki/Barbara_Hulanicki) I Roksanda Ilinčić (/wiki/Roksanda_Ilin%C4%8Di%C4%87) J Charles James (designer) (/wiki/Charles_James_(designer)) Richard Jewels (/wiki/Richard_Jewels) Anna Jewsbury (/wiki/Anna_Jewsbury) Stephen Jones (milliner) (/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(milliner)) K Clare Waight Keller (/wiki/Clare_Waight_Keller) Kate Ker-Lane (/wiki/Kate_Ker-Lane) Cath Kidston (/wiki/Cath_Kidston) Kiko Kostadinov (/wiki/Kiko_Kostadinov) L Daniel Lee (designer) (/wiki/Daniel_Lee_(designer)) Supriya Lele (/wiki/Supriya_Lele) Pearl Lowe (/wiki/Pearl_Lowe) Otto Lucas (/wiki/Otto_Lucas) M Claire Malcolm (/wiki/Claire_Malcolm) Edward Mann (designer) (/wiki/Edward_Mann_(designer)) Gerald McCann (fashion designer) (/wiki/Gerald_McCann_(fashion_designer)) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) Christopher McDonnell (/wiki/Christopher_McDonnell) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Nadine Merabi (/wiki/Nadine_Merabi) Savannah Miller 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Lightly scented perfume Bottles of eau de toilette Eau de toilette ( French: [o (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) d(ə) (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) twalɛt] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) , meaning "grooming water") [n 1] (#cite_note-2) is a lightly scented perfume. [2] (#cite_note-3) It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. [3] (#cite_note-4) It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. [4] (#cite_note-glenn-5) It is traditionally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils (/wiki/Volatile_oils) . [5] (#cite_note-6) Traditionally these products were named after a principal ingredient; some being geranium water, lavender water, lilac water, violet water, spirit of myrcia and 'eau de Bretfeld'. [6] (#cite_note-7) Because of this, eau de toilette was sometimes referred to as "toilet water". [7] (#cite_note-8) In modern perfumery, eau de toilette has less concentrated fragrance than perfume (/wiki/Perfume) ( eau de parfum ) and more than cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) ( eau de Cologne ). [8] (#cite_note-BS_Lacey-9) [9] (#cite_note-GL_2010-10) Types [ edit ] Perfume formulas 1910 Eau de toilette is a weaker concentration of fragrance than perfume. [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) The concentration of aromatic ingredients is typically as follows (ascending concentration): Splash and after shave (/wiki/After_shave) : 1–3% aromatic compounds (/wiki/Aromatic_compound) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) (EdC): Citrus type perfumes with about 2–6% perfume concentrate aromatic compounds [12] (#cite_note-13) Eau de toilette (EdT): 5–15% (typical ~10%) aromatic compounds Eau de parfum (EdP), parfum de toilette (PdT): 10–20% (typical ~15%) aromatic compounds. Sometimes listed as "eau de perfume" or "millésime". Perfume extract: 15–40% ( IFRA (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) : typical 20%) aromatic compounds Perfume oils are often diluted with a solvent, though this is not always the case, and its necessity is disputed. By far the most common solvent for perfume oil dilution is ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water. Perfume has a mixture of about 10–20% perfume oils mixed with alcohol (acting as a diffusing agent delivering the fragrant odor) and a trace of water. Colognes have about 3–5% perfume oil mixed with 80–90% alcohol with about 5–15% water in the mix. Originally, eau de cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_cologne) was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons, oranges, tangerines, limes, and grapefruits. These were combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (/wiki/Neroli) (orange-flower oil). Eau de toilette has the least amount of perfume oil mixture among the three main liquid "perfumery" categories. It has only about 2–8% of some type of perfume oil and 60–80% alcohol dispersent with water making up the difference. [13] (#cite_note-14) [14] (#cite_note-Groom329-15) Eau de toilettes are a less concentrated form of these above types of alcohol-based perfumes. [15] (#cite_note-16) [16] (#cite_note-17) Traditionally cologne is usually made of citrus oils and fragrances, while eau de toilettes are not limited to this specification. [17] (#cite_note-18) [18] (#cite_note-19) History [ edit ] Hungarian eau de toilette, an alcohol based perfume that is the predecessor of eau de cologne, was first produced in the fourteenth century, supposedly by a Hungarian man for Queen Elisabeth of Hungary (/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Poland,_Queen_of_Hungary) . [19] (#cite_note-20) [20] (#cite_note-21) This was called "eau de la reine de hongrie" or Hungary Water (/wiki/Hungary_Water) , and contained the herb rosemary (/wiki/Rosemary) , which allowed the scent to evaporate slowly on the skin. [21] (#cite_note-22) [22] (#cite_note-HistoryofPerfume-23) However, some early scientists, including Johann Beckmann (/wiki/Johann_Beckmann) , doubt that it was created for the Queen of Hungary. [ citation needed ] The King of France Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) (1638–1715) used a concoction of scents called "heavenly water" to perfume his shirts; It consisted of aloewood (/wiki/Agarwood) , musk (/wiki/Musk) , orange flower (/wiki/Orange_(fruit)) , rose water (/wiki/Rose_water) and other spices (/wiki/Spice) . [23] (#cite_note-Sherrow125-24) Some eau de toilette were once considered restorative skin toners with medical benefits. [24] (#cite_note-25) [25] (#cite_note-26) [26] (#cite_note-27) The journal Medical Record (/wiki/Medical_Record_(journal)) reported in 1905 that a toilet water spray restores energies lost in business, social, and domestic situations. [27] (#cite_note-28) [28] (#cite_note-29) During the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries a type of eau de toilette called "plague waters" was supposed to drive away the bubonic plague (/wiki/Bubonic_plague) . [29] (#cite_note-Stoddart154-30) [30] (#cite_note-31) Varieties [ edit ] Carmelite Water (/wiki/Carmelite_Water) – a water of lemon balm, orange flower, angelica root, and spices prepared for Charles V of France (/wiki/Charles_V_of_France) , first made in 1379 by the nuns of a Carmelite (/wiki/Carmelites) abbey. [31] (#cite_note-32) [32] (#cite_note-homemade-33) [33] (#cite_note-34) [34] (#cite_note-35) Carnation Toilet Water – extract of Jasmine 2.5 pints, extract of Orange Flower 2.5 pints, extract of Rose 5 pints, tincture of Vanilla 20 ounces, Oil of Pink (synthetic) 2 ounces. [35] (#cite_note-36) Creole Toilet Water – to 6.75 ounces of orris root cut in small pieces put 1.5 pint of French brandy. Allow this mix to stand for 2 weeks, stirring frequently. Then filter the mix and add 3 pints of French brandy and 3 drops of oil of orange blossoms. Add 0.75 fluid ounce of oil of geranium. Distill and add a little coumarin essence. [36] (#cite_note-Hopkins875-37) Eau de lavand ambre – a favorite with Spanish women who use it in their hair as well as on the skin after bathing. [37] (#cite_note-38) Florida Water (/wiki/Florida_Water) – based on the nineteenth-century formula for a commercially prepared toilet water that mixes floral essential oils. [38] (#cite_note-39) Geranium Toilet Water – oil of rose geranium, 2 ounces; tincture of orris root, 2 ounces; tincture of musk, 1 drop; rose water, 8 ounces: alcohol, 4 pints. [36] (#cite_note-Hopkins875-37) Heliotrope Toilet Water – heliotropine, 2 drops; rose oil (/wiki/Rose_oil) , 15 minims (/wiki/Minim_(unit)) ; bergamot oil (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) , a half drop; neroli oil, 5 minims; alcohol, 10 ounces; water, 6 ounces. [39] (#cite_note-40) Honey water [14] (#cite_note-Groom329-15) – an old-time English toilet water. The British Pharmaceutical Codex (/wiki/British_Pharmaceutical_Codex) gives the formula. [40] (#cite_note-41) Jasmine toilet water – made with spirits of cologne, jasmine, and alcohol. [41] (#cite_note-42) Kananga Water (/wiki/Kananga_Water) – is a "holy water" used for purification in revival ceremonies. [42] (#cite_note-43) Lavender water [14] (#cite_note-Groom329-15) [43] (#cite_note-44) – a formula called "upper Ten" consists of 1 fluid ounce of oil of lavender, 8 fluid ounces of deodorized alcohol, 3 fluid ounces of rose water, and 80 grains of carbonate of magnesia. [44] (#cite_note-Keppel154-45) Nosegay (/wiki/Nosegay) – distilled honey water with cloves, lavender and neroli. [45] (#cite_note-46) Oriental Toilet Water – an extensive list of ingredients is given in the Useful and Practical Notes section of National Druggist. [46] (#cite_note-47) Rose water toilet water – extract of rose 1 pint, of tuberose 1 pint, of cassia 1 pint, of jasmine 4 ounces, tincture of civet 3 ounces. Popular in the Middle East especially Egypt and called 'maward'. [47] (#cite_note-48) Viennese Cosmetic Toilet Water – bruised almonds, 15 parts; water of orange flower, 62 parts; water of roses, 62 parts. Rub up the almonds with the waters, allow to stand. Later add borate of soda, 1 part; spirit of benzoin, 2 parts. Dissolve. [36] (#cite_note-Hopkins875-37) White Rose Toilet Water – one ounce of triple extract of white rose, 3 drops of oil of rose, 3 drops of oil of rose geranium, 26 ounces of cologne spirits, and 6 ounces of hot water. [44] (#cite_note-Keppel154-45) Hugh C. Muldoonin submitted various toilet water formulas he called "Own-make Toilet Specialties" to the Bulletin Of Pharmacy in 1917. [48] (#cite_note-49) See also [ edit ] Scented water (/wiki/Scented_water) Footnotes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) In this context, "toilette"/"toilet" has its older meaning of personal grooming (/wiki/Personal_grooming) ; the name predates the modern sense of "toilet" (/wiki/Toilet) , which was originally euphemistic (/wiki/Euphemism) . [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] Sources [ edit ] Beckmann, Johann, A History of Inventions and Discoveries: In Four Volumes 2 , 1817 Baker, William Henry, A dictionary of men's wear... , W. H. Baker, 1908 Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, Vol. 61, No. 11, ISSN 0405-668X, Published by Active Interest Media, Inc. Booth, Nancy M., Perfumes, splashes & colognes: discovering & crafting your personal fragrances , Storey Publishing, 1997, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-88266-985-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88266-985-0) Bulletin of pharmacy, Volume 36, E.G. Swift, 1922 Beauty—its attainment and preservation , Butterick Pub. Co., Ltd., 1892 Consumer reports , Volumes 25–26, Consumers Union (/wiki/Consumers_Union) of United States, 1960 Cox, Nancy C., Perceptions of retailing in early modern England , Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7546-3771-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3771-9) Cristiani, Richard S., Perfumery and kindred arts: A comprehensive treatise on perfumery , H. C. Baird, 1877 Current opinion, Volume 32, The Current Literature Publishing Co., 1902 Dewey, Willis Alonzo, Medical century , Volume 14, Medical Century Company., 1906 Ebert, Albert Ethelbert, The Standard formulary , G.P. Engelhard & Co., 1897 Fettner, Ann Tucker, Potpourri, incense, and other fragrant concoctions , Workman Pub. Co., 1977, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-911104-97-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911104-97-6) Fletcher, Ella Adelia, Woman Beautiful , Kessinger Publishing, 1998, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7661-0380-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-0380-3) Frank, Marc Henry, Eugenics and Sex Relations for Men and Women , Kessinger Publishing, 2005, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4179-8913-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4179-8913-0) Griffin, Judy, Flowers That Heal: Aromas, Herbs, Essences and Other Secrets of the Fairies , Cosimo, Inc., 2002, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-931044-35-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931044-35-X) Grolier, The New book of knowledge , Grolier, 1986, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7172-0517-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7172-0517-7) Groom, Nigel, The new perfume handbook , Springer, 1997, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7514-0403-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7514-0403-9) Halpern, Georges M., The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar , Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2003, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-59120-016-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59120-016-4) Hiss, A. Emil, The new standard formulary: , G.P. Engelhard, 1910 Keithler, William R., The formulation of cosmetics and cosmetic specialties , Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 1956 Hopkins, Albert Allis, The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas: partly based upon the 28th ed. of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries , Munn & co., inc., 1910 Lawless, Julia, The illustrated encyclopedia of essential oils: the complete guide to the use of oils in aromatherapy and herbalism , Barnes & Noble, 1995, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-56619-990-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56619-990-5) Lillard, Benjamin, Practical druggist and pharmaceutical review of reviews , Volume 40, Lillard & Co., 1922 Martin, George R., The mentor-world traveler, Volume 10, George R. Martin, 1922 Miller, William Tyler, Garden & home builder , volume 13, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1911 Müller, Peter M., Perfumes: art, science, and technology , Springer, 1994, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7514-0157-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7514-0157-9) Sherrow, Victoria, For appearance' sake: the historical encyclopedia of good looks, beauty, and grooming , Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-57356-204-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57356-204-1) Stoddart, David Michael, The scented ape: the biology and culture of human odour , Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-521-39561-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39561-5) The National Druggist, Volume 42; H. R. Strong, 1912 Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Murray, James (/wiki/James_Murray_(lexicographer)) (1926). "toilet (https://archive.org/stream/oedxaarch#page/n119/mode/1up) sb. §§7,9b" (https://archive.org/stream/oedxaarch#page/n119/mode/1up) . Oxford English Dictionary . Vol. 10 Part 1: Ti–U (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 108. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Definition of "toilet water" (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/toilet-water) " (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/toilet-water) . Collins English Dictionary (/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary) . Retrieved 27 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cristiani, p. 117 ^ (#cite_ref-glenn_5-0) Poch, Glenn (February 1997). "Newsletter 15" (http://www.antiquebottles.com/poch/15.html) . Glenn Poch's Bottle Collecting . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cox, p. 118 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ebert, p. 304 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lawless, p. 39 ^ (#cite_ref-BS_Lacey_9-0) Lacey, Miriam. "Fragrance Defined: Parfum vs. EDP vs. EDT vs. Cologne" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140301165210/http://www.bellasugar.com/Eau-de-Toilette-Eau-de-Parfum-Parfum-What-Mean-19193129) . bellsugar.com . Bell Sugar. Archived from the original (http://www.bellasugar.com/Eau-de-Toilette-Eau-de-Parfum-Parfum-What-Mean-19193129) on 1 March 2014 . Retrieved 27 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-GL_2010_10-0) Aug 8 2010. "What is the difference between eau de parfum and eau de toilette in perfumes and colognes?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025400/http://www.gildedlife.com/2010/08/what-is-the-difference-between-eau-de-parfum-and-eau-de-toilette-in-perfumes-and-colognes/) . gildedlife.com . Gilded Life. Archived from the original (http://www.gildedlife.com/2010/08/what-is-the-difference-between-eau-de-parfum-and-eau-de-toilette-in-perfumes-and-colognes/) on 25 March 2016 . Retrieved 27 July 2014 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Baker, p. 262 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Fettner, p. 102 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Cologne" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/125986/cologne) . Encyclopædia Britannica. ^ (#cite_ref-14) perfume (http://www.answers.com/topic/perfume) ^ Jump up to: a b c Groom, p. 329 ^ (#cite_ref-16) eau de toil definition from the online Free Dictionary (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/eau+de+toilette) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Thesaurus online dictionary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170830112601/http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/toilet+water) . Archived from the original (http://thesaurus.com/browse/toilet+water) on 2017-08-30 . Retrieved 2010-08-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Grolier, p. 154 ^ (#cite_ref-19) Consumer reports , pp. 409–411 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Müller, p. 348 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Sherrow, p. 211 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Sherrow, p. 125 ^ (#cite_ref-HistoryofPerfume_23-0) The History of Perfume (http://www.everythinkaboutperfume.com/history.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150208043220/http://www.everythinkaboutperfume.com/history.html) 2015-02-08 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-Sherrow125_24-0) Sherrow, p. 125 King Louis XIV (1638–1715) had his shirts scented with toilet water that included aloewood, rosewood, orangle flower, musk, and spices. The concoction was called "heavenly water" ... ^ (#cite_ref-25) Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, p. 34 ^ (#cite_ref-26) Hiss, pp. 918–919 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Frank, p. 414 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Dewey, p. 55 ^ (#cite_ref-29) Interstate druggist, Volume 7, page 333 (https://books.google.com/books?id=bclNAAAAMAAJ&dq=perfume+%22toilet+water%22+define&pg=PA333) ^ (#cite_ref-Stoddart154_30-0) Stoddart, p. 154 ^ (#cite_ref-31) Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities, 1550–1820 by Nancy Cox and Karin Dannehl (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=58687) ^ (#cite_ref-32) Booth, p. 157 ^ (#cite_ref-homemade_33-0) Reader's Digest – Make your own Fragrance (https://archive.today/20070614152057/http://www.readersdigest.ca/homegarden/n_homegarden_fragrance.html) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Halpern, p. 37 ^ (#cite_ref-35) Booth, p. 82 ^ (#cite_ref-36) Lillard, p. 33 ^ Jump up to: a b c Hopkins, p. 875 ^ (#cite_ref-38) Fletcher, p. 219 ^ (#cite_ref-39) Miller, p. 99 ^ (#cite_ref-40) Hopkins, p. 876 ^ (#cite_ref-41) Hiss, p. 915 ^ (#cite_ref-42) Toilet Water ideas (http://chestofbooks.com/food/household/Housekeeper-Encyclopedia/Toilet-Ideas-Part-2.html) ^ (#cite_ref-43) "kananga water" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090406085520/http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/papers/RecentJCwords.html#k) . Archived from the original (http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/papers/RecentJCwords.html#k) on 2009-04-06 . Retrieved 2010-08-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Country Wisdom Almanac: 373 Tips, Crafts, Home Improvements, Recipes, and Homemade Remedies (https://books.google.com/books?id=rahakHd9V2oC&dq=lavender+%22Toilet+water%22&pg=PA73) ^ Jump up to: a b Keppel, p. 154 ^ (#cite_ref-46) Nosegay (http://www.perfumeintelligence.co.uk/library/perfume/n/n3/n3p2.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-47) The National Druggist, Volume 42, p. 65 ^ (#cite_ref-48) Beauty—its attainment and preservation , p. 494 ^ (#cite_ref-49) Bulletin of pharmacy , p. 317 v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. Hasegawa (/wiki/T._Hasegawa) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) Category (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Perfume) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐5q2nz Cached time: 20240716035455 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.568 seconds Real time usage: 0.688 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4122/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41695/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3032/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 84815/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.357/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16702297/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 616.557 1 -total 22.68% 139.816 1 Template:IPA-fr 22.44% 138.383 1 Template:IPA 20.88% 128.762 2 Template:Reflist 17.94% 110.637 13 Template:ISBN 16.78% 103.479 1 Template:Perfume 16.14% 99.508 1 Template:Navbox 12.66% 78.064 1 Template:Short_description 12.37% 76.283 13 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 9.21% 56.777 1 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:11643218-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716035455 and revision id 1216393205. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eau_de_toilette&oldid=1216393205 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eau_de_toilette&oldid=1216393205) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Toiletry (/wiki/Category:Toiletry) Perfumery (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Economy of Cologne (/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Cologne) Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Personal hygiene products (/wiki/Category:Personal_hygiene_products) Hidden categories: CS1: long volume value (/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Pages with French IPA (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020)
American cosmetics company Julep Beauty Inc. Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Personal care (/wiki/Personal_care) Founded 2007 in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) Founder Jane Park Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) Area served United States Products Nail polish, cosmetics, beauty products Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) AS Beauty (/w/index.php?title=AS_Beauty&action=edit&redlink=1) Website www (https://www.julep.com/) .julep (https://www.julep.com/) .com (https://www.julep.com/) Julep Beauty, Inc. New York based cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) company founded in 2007 by Jane Park. The company sells its products online and in its own branded beauty parlors History [ edit ] In 2007 Julep opened four nail parlors in the Seattle area that offered manicures, pedicures, facials, and waxing. [1] (#cite_note-WSJ-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Park sold Julep nail care products at the parlors— which was used as a testing ground for Julep product. [3] (#cite_note-SBM-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-ST-5) Julep moved into e-commerce in 2008. [6] (#cite_note-6) By 2013, Julep products were also available through retailers such as Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) , and on TV though QVC (/wiki/QVC) . [5] (#cite_note-ST-5) [7] (#cite_note-Forbes-7) Also in 2013, Julep opened its first pop-up store in New York City. [8] (#cite_note-8) Julep reported it had tripled its e-commerce revenue in 2013. [9] (#cite_note-Geek-9) In March 2015, Julep announced that they were laying off 8% of their staff. [10] (#cite_note-10) In December 2018, Julep's parent company, Glansaol, filed for bankruptcy. [11] (#cite_note-11) As a result, Julep announced plans to close their two retail locations, lay-off over 100 employees, and relocate to its parent company's New York office. [12] (#cite_note-12) Glansaol sold to AS Beauty for $18 million. [13] (#cite_note-13) Julep introduced its monthly subscription service, Julep Maven, in 2011. Subscribers or “Mavens” pay a monthly fee to receive custom boxes of nail polish and makeup. [7] (#cite_note-Forbes-7) Subscribers may also act as beta-testers in the company's Idea Lab, answering surveys and posting on social media, allowing Julep to see how their products in development are being received. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2014, Julep's subscription service the company received an "F" rating from the Better Business Bureau. The BBB's David Quinlan said about the 173 total complaints made during that period. [16] (#cite_note-16) Julep responded with a statement blaming the influx of complaints on a surge in business and shipping errors. The program relaunched in 2020. [17] (#cite_note-17) Financing [ edit ] In 2013, Julep received funding from venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz (/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz) , Maveron (/wiki/Maveron) , Troy Carter (/wiki/Troy_Carter_(music_industry)) , as well as Precedent Investments, backed by Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) and Jada Pinkett Smith (/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith) , and Jay Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) ’s Roc Nation (/wiki/Roc_Nation) . [5] (#cite_note-ST-5) The following year, Altimeter Capital (/wiki/Altimeter_Capital) , Azure Capital Partners (/wiki/Azure_Capital_Partners) and Madrona Venture Group (/wiki/Madrona_Venture_Group) also invested in Julep. [18] (#cite_note-18) By April 2014, Julep had raised $56M in venture capital financing (/wiki/Venture_capital_financing) . [19] (#cite_note-TCrunch-19) Products [ edit ] Julep designs, produces and sells its own products. [20] (#cite_note-NYT-20) The company sells in excess of 200 shades of nail polish, [21] (#cite_note-Julep-21) each of which is given a woman's name. It also has a line of makeup and skin care products. [1] (#cite_note-WSJ-1) These have included both sun screens and moisturizers. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2014, Julep produced the Plié Wand, an ergonomic nail polishing brush that attaches to the top of nail polish caps. [23] (#cite_note-BizWomen-23) The wand was first tested through a crowdfunding campaign. [9] (#cite_note-Geek-9) [24] (#cite_note-Venture-24) In 2021 the company released the Julep Beauty's Eyeshadow 101 Crème-to-Powder Eyeshadow Stick, which became the bestseller on Amazon. [25] (#cite_note-25) The company promotes its products as free of fumes and toxins. [26] (#cite_note-26) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Chapman, Lizette (April 14, 2014). "Julep Beauty Raises $30M to Give Big Beauty a Makeover with Crowdsourcing" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-VCDB-14343) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Jane Park's winning strategy at Julep" (http://seattlebusinessmag.com/article/jane-park%25E2%2580%2599s-winning-strategy-julep) . Seattle Business Magazine . January 16, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-SBM_3-0) Hilmes, Kelsey (January 16, 2014). "Jane Park's winning strategy at Julep" (https://seattlebusinessmag.com/retail/jane-park80%2599s-winning-strategy-julep/) . Seattle Business Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Schlosser, Nicole (December 1, 2007). "A Taste of Southern Hospitality — in Seattle" (https://www.nailsmag.com/389793/a-taste-of-southern-hospitality-in-seattle) . Nails Magazine . ^ Jump up to: a b c Martinez, Amy (28 February 2013). "Julep raises $10 million for beauty-brand expansion" (https://www.seattletimes.com/business/julep-raises-10-million-for-beauty-brand-expansion/) . Seattle Times (/wiki/Seattle_Times) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Julep's Original K-Beauty Guru: Jane Park" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/12/juleps-original-k-beauty-guru-jane-park) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . 20 December 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b Tice, Carol (January 22, 2014). "How Social Media Is Fueling The Next $1B Beauty Brand" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/caroltice/2014/01/22/girlfriend-power/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Julep pops up in New York" (https://www.cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/Julep_pops_up_in_New_York/94110) . www.cosmeticsbusiness.com . December 11, 2013 . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Soper, Taylor (January 27, 2014). "Venture-backed beauty startup Julep is crowdfunding its new bendable nail-polishing tool" (https://www.geekwire.com/2014/julep-crowdfunding-new-product-plie/) . Geekwire . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cook, John (March 31, 2015). "Seattle cosmetics startup Julep cuts 8% of staff" (https://www.geekwire.com/2015/seattle-cosmetics-startup-julep-cuts-8-percent-of-staff/) . Geekwire . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Collins, Allison (December 20, 2018). "Behind Glansaol's Bankruptcy" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/behind-glansaols-bankruptcy-1202939765/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Stewart, Ashley (December 26, 2018). "Julep Beauty plans to lay off 102 employees in 'closure' (https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2018/12/26/julep-beauty-lay-off-closure.html) " (https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2018/12/26/julep-beauty-lay-off-closure.html) . Puget Sound Business Journal . American City Business Journals (/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) https://www.geekwire.com/2019/happened-julep-high-profile-online-cosmetics-startup-went-acquisition-bankruptcy-2-years/ (https://www.geekwire.com/2019/happened-julep-high-profile-online-cosmetics-startup-went-acquisition-bankruptcy-2-years/) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Brodesser-Akner, Taffy (/wiki/Taffy_Brodesser-Akner) (January 13, 2014). "Minting Julep: How Former Starbucks Exec Jane Park is Reimagining the Beauty Business" (https://www.fastcompany.com/3023331/jane-park-minting-julep) . Fast Company . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Dunn, Laura (July 22, 2014). "Women in Business Q&A: Jane Park, CEO of Julep Beauty" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/women-in-business-qa-jane_b_5608852) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Thompson, Connie (September 19, 2014). "Nail polish retailer Julep vows to polish up customer service" (https://komonews.com/news/consumer/nail-polish-retailer-julep-vows-to-polish-up-customer-service-11-20-2015) . Komo News . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Soper, Taylor (September 22, 2014). "Beauty startup Julep receives 'F' rating from Better Business Bureau over subscription program" (https://www.geekwire.com/2014/julep-rating-bbb/) . GeekWire . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Cook, John (April 14, 2014). "Julep raises $30M in oversubscribed round, looks to build big beauty brand" (https://www.geekwire.com/2014/julep-raises-30m/) . GeekWire . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-TCrunch_19-0) Rao, Leena (14 April 2014). "Beauty And E-Commerce Brand Julep Raises $30M To Disrupt The $160B Cosmetics Industry" (https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/14/beauty-and-ecommerce-brand-julep-raises-30m-for-to-disrupt-the-cosmetics-industry/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_20-0) Miller, Claire Cain (February 28, 2013). "A Start-Up Aims to Upend E-Commerce by Selling Nail Polish" (https://archive.nytimes.com/bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/28/a-start-up-aims-to-upend-e-commerce-by-selling-nail-polish/?partner=rss) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Julep_21-0) "Nail Polish" (http://www.julep.com/shop/nail-polish.html#.) . Julep . Retrieved 24 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "This Sunscreen Won't Mess up Your Makeup or Show up in Photos & These Pics Prove It" (https://www.elitedaily.com/p/juleps-no-excuses-invisible-sunscreen-gel-review-is-proof-that-you-can-wear-spf-under-makeup-9997276) . 6 August 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-BizWomen_23-0) Chen, I-Chun (March 13, 2014). "Jane Park's Julep just put a nice polish on crowdfunding" (http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/2014/03/jane-parks-julep-just-put-a-nice-polish-on.html) . Biz Journals . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Venture_24-0) Grant, Rebecca (January 28, 2014). "Cosmetics startup Julep whizzes by rivals with its crowdsourced approach to making makeup" (https://venturebeat.com/2014/01/28/cosmetics-startup-julep-whizzes-by-rivals-with-its-crowdsourced-approach-to-making-products/) . Venture Beat . Retrieved November 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Shoppers Say Amazon's Best-Selling Eyeshadow Stick Lasts up to 24 Hours Without a Touch-Up" (https://www.instyle.com/julep-creme-to-powder-eyeshadow-stick-amazon-7111933) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Grinnell, Sunhee (December 20, 2017). "Julep's Original K-Beauty Guru: Jane Park" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/12/juleps-original-k-beauty-guru-jane-park) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . 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Sybil Irene Eleanor Taylor Cookson (1890–1963) was a journalist and writer of romantic novels. She wrote under the pen-name Sydney Tremayne . Her pseudonym is often confused with two male authors of the same name: Sydney (Durward) Tremayne (1912–1986) the Scottish journalist and poet, and Sydney Tremayne, an American investment strategist. Biography [ edit ] From the 1979 David & Charles (/wiki/David_%26_Charles) reprint of Tatlings (1922): "Sydney Tremayne was the pseudonym of Sybil Taylor, who was born in 1890, the first child of John Taylor, Squire of Carshalton, then a little country village. With the advent of an heir the villiage was given a holiday and bonfires were lit. When a girl was born, the village was sent back to work and the bonfires extinguished. With what may have been a delayed reaction, at nineteen she ran away 'to live in an attic and write.' And write she did – three novels, The Auction Mart [1915, filmed in 1920 [1] (#cite_note-1) ], The Broken Sign-post [1922] and Eve . The first two were best sellers, the third not so successful. In 1913 she married Roger Cookson, a racing driver with the Bentley team, but after World War I she ran away again, this time from her husband, taking her two daughters with her. This was when she turned to journalism and joined the Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) . From there she left to edit Eve: The Lady's Pictorial (before it became Britannia and Eve [2] (#cite_note-2) ), and was the film critic, fashion editor and beauty specialist; she was also writing a monthly article for the Tatler called "Nights Out". She retired in 1938 and never wrote, or wanted to, again. During World War II she returned to Roger Cookson (to his immense surprise) and stayed with him until her death in 1963." She was the granddaughter of Sir James Crichton-Browne (/wiki/James_Crichton-Browne) and was educated at Wycombe Abbey (/wiki/Wycombe_Abbey) and in Paris. [3] (#cite_note-3) As Sybil Cookson, she published the novel Echo... (1919) and co-edited the memoir The Boy with the Guns (1919) by Lieutenant George W. Taylor. She published Tatlings (1922), illustrated by Fish (/wiki/Anne_Harriet_Fish) , [4] (#cite_note-4) a popular collection of self-penned epigrams that had previously appeared weekly in the Tatler . After separating from her husband in 1938, Cookson moved with her two young daughters (one of whom was the actress Georgina Cookson (/wiki/Georgina_Cookson) [1918–2011]) into Bolton House, a red-brick Georgian building on three floors in Hampstead (/wiki/Hampstead) , London, with the painter Gluck (/wiki/Gluck_(painter)) (1895–1978), whom she had met through her friend Arthur Watts (/wiki/Arthur_Watts_(illustrator)) . [5] (#cite_note-Souham-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Auction Mart (1920) BFI Archive collections" (https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150125483) . Retrieved 8 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Britannia and Eve" (https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/titles/britannia-and-eve) . British Newspaper Archive . Retrieved 8 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Cookson, Sybil Irene Eleanor Taylor (1890–1963)" (http://www.philsp.com/homeville/fmi/s/s7711.htm#A200075) . The General Fiction Magazine Index . Retrieved 8 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sydney Tremayne. "Tatlings (1922)" (https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t13n29p00;view=thumb;seq=1) . HathiTrust Digital Library . Retrieved 8 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Souham_5-0) Diana Souhami (2013). Gluck: Her Biography (revised ed.). London: Quercus. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78087-888-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Gluck and Modern British Women" (http://www.studiointernational.com/index.php/gluck-modern-british-women-review-fine-art-society-london) . studiointernational . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . External links [ edit ] The Boy With the Guns (https://books.google.com/books?id=DxFQAAAAYAAJ) at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) Works by Sybil Cookson (https://librivox.org/author/14410) at LibriVox (/wiki/LibriVox) (public domain audiobooks) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000029326945) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/55779347) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhtjvrqdgPpdVyxhD8YP) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90700029) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐nrz5w Cached time: 20240714175744 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.283 seconds Real time usage: 0.368 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 488/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13971/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 343/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26311/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4096372/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 348.101 1 -total 43.64% 151.907 1 Template:Reflist 34.94% 121.609 5 Template:Cite_web 30.13% 104.896 1 Template:Authority_control 13.92% 48.452 1 Template:Librivox_author 9.72% 33.838 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 3.62% 12.589 1 Template:DMCA 2.69% 9.352 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 1.86% 6.469 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 1.80% 6.272 1 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56261313-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714175744 and revision id 1180132019. 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Argentine model, artist (born 1990) Naomi Preizler Born ( 1990-10-12 ) 12 October 1990 (age 33) [7] (#cite_note-fmd-7) Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina Occupation(s) Model, artist Years active 2006–present [8] (#cite_note-clarin-8) Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-pink-1) Hair color Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_hair) Eye color Green Agency Pink Models Management (Buenos Aires; mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-pink-1) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York) [2] (#cite_note-elite-2) Iconic Management (Hamburg) [3] (#cite_note-iconic-3) Oui Management (Paris) [4] (#cite_note-oui-4) Premier Model Management (/w/index.php?title=Premier_Model_Management&action=edit&redlink=1) (London) [5] (#cite_note-premier-5) Traffic Models (Barcelona) [6] (#cite_note-6) Website Official website (http://www.naomipreizler.com/) Naomi Preizler (born 12 October 1990) is an Argentine fashion model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) and artist, [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) known for her "longilinear silhouette, long blonde hair and androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) face." [10] (#cite_note-pagina12-10) Career [ edit ] Although discovered at age 14 by a model scout, Preizler did not begin her international modelling career until she finished high school. [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) She started her national modelling career, however, at age 15. [11] (#cite_note-paula-11) Dubbed the "girl of the moment" by Clarín (/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_(Argentine_newspaper)) in 2013, [8] (#cite_note-clarin-8) she has walked for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) and Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) , among others. [7] (#cite_note-fmd-7) [8] (#cite_note-clarin-8) [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) She has also been photographed for Harper's Bazaar Argentina (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar#Harper's_Bazaar_worldwide) , Vogue Russia (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , Love and Grit . [7] (#cite_note-fmd-7) [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) [12] (#cite_note-12) Preizler was the face of BAFWEEK (/wiki/BAFWEEK) fall/winter 2012. [13] (#cite_note-13) She also sang in BAFWEEK 2013, closing the Desiderata fashion show. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Preizler has also gained recognition as an artist. She studied at the New York Academy of Art (/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Art) and Art Students League of New York (/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York) . [11] (#cite_note-paula-11) [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) She usually draws while queuing for fashion castings and fittings, inspired by the clothes and the models. [17] (#cite_note-illustration-17) Inspired by Expressionists (/wiki/Expressionism) like Gustav Klimt (/wiki/Gustav_Klimt) and Oskar Kokoschka (/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka) , Preizler usually draws women, "reflective faces" and self-portraits. [11] (#cite_note-paula-11) Some of her sketches are developed into paintings using gaudy colors and exaggerated features. [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) Jean Paul Gaultier owns a watercolor she made of him and Beth Ditto (/wiki/Beth_Ditto) at the finale of his spring/summer 2011 show. [17] (#cite_note-illustration-17) The Argentine brand AY Not Dead launched a collection of shirts with drawings by Preizler, which are tributes to Niki de Saint Phalle (/wiki/Niki_de_Saint_Phalle) who focused on the curves of the female body. [10] (#cite_note-pagina12-10) [18] (#cite_note-18) She has also collaborated with Vogue Italia and Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) on an illustration project for its spring/summer 2012 collection. [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) Personal life [ edit ] Preizler was raised in an artistic family, her father being an architect and sometimes oil painter, and her grandmother a sculptor. [9] (#cite_note-telegraph-9) [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) Preizler resides in Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) and Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) . [8] (#cite_note-clarin-8) [17] (#cite_note-illustration-17) Preizler is of German descent (/wiki/German_Argentine) . [11] (#cite_note-paula-11) She is also Jewish (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina) . [19] (#cite_note-bazaar2012-19) [20] (#cite_note-israel-20) Her grandparents were Jewish immigrants who went to Argentina fleeing from Nazism. [21] (#cite_note-romantica-21) In the romantic novel (/wiki/Romance_novel) festival Romántica Buenos Aires , she paid homage to them through a performance (/wiki/Performance_art) in which she read their love letters (/wiki/Love_letter) , shared apple cake that she cooked with her grandmother's recipe, and wore a dress that belonged to her. [21] (#cite_note-romantica-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) See also [ edit ] List of German Argentines (/wiki/List_of_German_Argentines) List of Argentine Jews (/wiki/List_of_Argentine_Jews) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Naomi Preizler, Pink Model Management" (http://pinkmodelsmanagement.net/naomi-preizler/) . ^ (#cite_ref-elite_2-0) "Naomi Preizler, Elite Model Management" (http://elitemodel.com/details.aspx?navbtn=1&city=NY&modelid=546516&pic=047.jpg&subid=4666&mainsubid=4666&io=111&indx=1) . ^ (#cite_ref-iconic_3-0) "ICONIC MANAGEMENT BERLIN | Model Agency | Model Agentur" (http://www.iconicmanagement.com/) . www.iconicmanagement.com . ^ (#cite_ref-oui_4-0) "Oui Management" (http://www.ouimanagement.com/) . www.ouimanagement.com . ^ (#cite_ref-premier_5-0) "Premier Model Management" (https://www.premiermodelmanagement.com/) . www.premiermodelmanagement.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Naomi Preizler, Traffic Models" (http://www.trafficmodels.com/mobile/es/women/model/811) . ^ Jump up to: a b c FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD-. "Naomi Preizler - Fashion Model | Models | Photos, Editorials & Latest News | The FMD" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Naomi_Preizler/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sainz, Carola (6 September 2013). "Un desfile de lujo" (http://contenidos2.clarin.com/edicion-electronica/20130906/files/assets/basic-html/page11.html) . Clarín (/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_(Argentine_newspaper)) . No. Mujer . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Finnigan, Kate (5 February 2012). "Naomi Preizler: fashion's in-house artist" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130918072911/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9057196/Naomi-Preizler-fashions-in-house-artist.html) . Fashion . Telegraph.co.uk (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9057196/Naomi-Preizler-fashions-in-house-artist.html) on 18 September 2013 . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lescano, Victoria (27 July 2012). "Remeras fetiche" (http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/las12/18-7401-2012-07-27.html) . Página/12 (/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12) . Retrieved 21 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Riedemann, Bárbara (23 May 2013). "La modelo artista" (http://www.paula.cl/entrevista/la-modelo-artista/) . Entrevistas . Paula Magazine . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Vogue Russia Beauty Opener May 2012" (http://models.com/work/vogue-russia-beauty-opener-may-2012) . Models.com. May 2012 . Retrieved 20 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Anticipo BAFWeek 2012" (http://www.revistaohlala.com/1436171-anticipo-de-bafweek-2012) . Revista OHLALÁ!. 2 July 2012 . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cipriani, Paula; Piña, Delia (7 March 2012). "BAFWEEK Invierno 2013" (http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1560700-bafweek-invierno-2013) . La Nación (/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n) . Retrieved 20 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Momentos únicos de BAFWEtEK" (http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1560709-momentos-unicos-de-bafweek) . La Nación (/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n) . 7 March 2012 . Retrieved 20 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bumpus, Jessica (28 March 2012). "Model Naomi Preizler draws the autumn/winter 2012-13 collections" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/favourites-of-vogue/2012/3/naomi-preizler-illustrations) . Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Milner, Glen (2 April 2012). "Naomi Preizler illustrates her way through fashion week" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/videos/TMG9083613/Naomi-Preizler-illustrates-her-way-through-fashion-week.html) . Fashion . Telegraph.co.uk (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "AY Not Dead by Naomi Preizler" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053646/http://www.elitemanagementnyc.com/2012/07/02/ay-not-dead-by-naomi-preizler/) . Elite Model Management New York (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) . 2 July 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.elitemanagementnyc.com/2012/07/02/ay-not-dead-by-naomi-preizler/) on 21 September 2013 . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-bazaar2012_19-0) "El diario de Naomi". Harper's Bazaar Argentina (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar#Harper's_Bazaar_worldwide) (in Spanish). 000013 : 176–179. May 2012. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1853-6298 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1853-6298) . ^ (#cite_ref-israel_20-0) נאוה סילוורה (27 August 2010). אופי או יופי? . Fashion (in Hebrew). Walla! (/wiki/Walla!) . Retrieved 26 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Premat, Silvina (7 June 2013). "Amor y literatura: un festival celebra el auge de la novela romántica en el país" (http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1589414-amor-y-literatura-un-festival-celebra-el-auge-de-la-novela-romantica-en-el-pais) . La Nación (/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 26 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Pinto, Lucila (June 2013). "Diario de una pasión" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131001093304/http://www.parati.com.ar/lo-nuevo/actualidad/diario-de-una-pasion/14192.html) . Para Ti (in Spanish). 4744 . Editorial Atlantida (/wiki/Editorial_Atlantida) . Archived from the original (http://www.parati.com.ar/lo-nuevo/actualidad/diario-de-una-pasion/14192.html) on 1 October 2013 . Retrieved 25 September 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055056/http://www.naomipreizler.com/) Preizler's blog (http://thejerutofrosaluxemburgo.blogspot.com.ar/) Naomi Preizler (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/naomi_preizler/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Naomi Preizler - models.com Profile (http://models.com/models/naomi_preizler) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f92191fe-5aac-4300-8282-9ca8c0c75d37) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐lbrhr Cached time: 20240623112457 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.444 seconds Real time usage: 0.552 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3051/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52735/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5461/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 90966/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.305/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9932233/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 513.953 1 -total 33.98% 174.657 1 Template:Infobox_model 33.89% 174.154 1 Template:Reflist 22.52% 115.719 14 Template:Cite_web 13.69% 70.362 1 Template:Authority_control 11.93% 61.320 1 Template:Short_description 6.85% 35.228 1 Template:Infobox 6.67% 34.291 2 Template:Pagetype 5.37% 27.586 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 5.15% 26.444 21 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40588432-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623112457 and revision id 1221953081. 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In this Korean name (/wiki/Korean_name) , the family name is Kim (/wiki/Kim_(Korean_surname)) . Kim Hyo-jin Born ( 1982-09-22 ) 22 September 1982 (age 41) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea Other names Jin-hee Years active 2000–present Modeling information Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Black Eye color Dark brown Agency Suta Group (/wiki/Suta_Group) (Seoul) [1] (#cite_note-1) Kim Hyo-jin ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 김효진 , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean) : Gim Hyo-jin ; born 22 September 1982), commonly known as Jin Hee , is a South Korean model (/wiki/Fashion_model) who won Seoul Broadcasting System (/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System) 's Supermodel of the Korea title in 2000 at the age of 20. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Model [ edit ] Kim Hyo-jin signed to Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) , an American international modeling agency based in New York City and made her New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) and returned to Seoul and has shot models for various brands including LG Household & Health Care (/wiki/LG_Household_%26_Health_Care) , Daewoo Motors (/wiki/Daewoo_Motors) and SK-II (/wiki/SK-II) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In August 2019, Kim Hyo-jin signed a contract with SUTA GROUP (/wiki/Suta_Group) [5] (#cite_note-5) TV show host [ edit ] Kim Hyo-jon was featured in Chosun Broadcasting Company (/wiki/Chosun_Broadcasting_Company) , J Golf Queens Cup, Seoul Broadcasting System (/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System) 's Golf, Grand Sports Adventure. In October 2019, Kim Hyo-jin will be hosted Miss Supertalent (/wiki/Miss_Supertalent) of the World Season 13 from Paris to Rome [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kim Gyo-jin" (https://sutagroup.co) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) 모델 겸 배우 김효진, ‘2016 슈퍼모델 선발대회’ 심사위원 위촉... 스페셜 런웨이도 나선다 (http://sbsfune.sbs.co.kr/news/news_content.jsp?article_id=E10008196922) 12 December 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) “하얀 거장 당신이 그립습니다” (http://www.itnk.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=57376) ^ (#cite_ref-4) 도둑놈다이어리 히로인 '슈퍼모델 김효진' (http://www.kdpress.co.kr/news/articlePrint.html?idxno=9514) ^ (#cite_ref-5) 슈퍼모델 김효진, 34개 도시 유럽투어 유튜브 방송한다 (http://www.dailysportshankook.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=213499) ^ (#cite_ref-6) [gpkorea.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=55596 슈퍼모델 김효진, 동양인 최초 제너레이션 넥스트 인풀루언서 된다] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kim Hyo-jin (model) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kim_Hyo-jin_(model)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐kh8cr Cached time: 20240721011031 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.454 seconds Real time usage: 0.846 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2230/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17306/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3175/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11362/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.339/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20439891/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 574.501 1 -total 41.44% 238.059 1 Template:Infobox_model 19.94% 114.572 1 Template:Lang-ko 18.06% 103.740 1 Template:Reflist 15.58% 89.525 1 Template:Cite_web 8.04% 46.173 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.70% 44.213 1 Template:Infobox 7.24% 41.605 1 Template:Height 6.57% 37.729 1 Template:Commons_category 6.44% 37.022 1 Template:Convert Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61607754-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721011031 and revision id 1221334736. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Hyo-jin_(model)&oldid=1221334736 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Hyo-jin_(model)&oldid=1221334736) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1982 births (/wiki/Category:1982_births) South Korean television actresses (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_television_actresses) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) South Korean female models (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_female_models) Models from Seoul (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Seoul) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from August 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2019) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Korean-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Fashion event in Nigeria Hayati Fashion Week Status Active Genre Fashion Week Location(s) Abuja Country Nigeria Inaugurated July 20, 2017 Most recent July 22, 2017 Next event November 1–3, 2018 Organized by Fatima Togbe Filing status CAC registered Website http://www.hayatifashionweek.com (http://www.hayatifashionweek.com) Hayati Fashion Week (HFW) is an annual series of events when modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) collections from Nigeria and other African countries are shown to the press and general public. HFW was founded by Fatima Togbe (/wiki/Fatima_Togbe) in 2017. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The inaugural event took place in 2017 and was sponsored by the Medicaid Cancer Foundation (MCF). [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Other sponsors include Dunes Center, Pandora (/wiki/Pandora_(jewelry)) , Nestle (/wiki/Nestle) brand Maggi (/wiki/Maggi) , Vlisco (/wiki/Vlisco) and Arith & Paul. Hayati Fashion Week was created as a response to a perceived lack of representation of modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) on major Nigerian fashion (/w/index.php?title=Nigerian_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) platforms. It has provided designers, models, artists and other businesses in the Nigerian modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) industry, a platform to showcase their work, directly. [9] (#cite_note-9) The event features Runway shows (/wiki/Runway_show) , exhibitions (/wiki/Exhibition) , and a networking soiree. See also [ edit ] List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Don't just mind the gap, fill it: Fatima Togbe, a woman taking initiative with Hayati Magazine" (https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/dont-just-mind-the-gap-fill-it-fatima-togbe-a-woman-taking-initiative-with-hayati-magazine/) . 2 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Nigeria's Fashion Industry: Designers awake to new age of "modest" couture" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV429uiKDHo) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About" (http://www.fatimatogbe.com/about/) . April 26, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "HAYATI FASHION WEEK" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ccr4XhjTTg) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "HFW Day 1: The Hayati Fashion Week For Cancer Awareness | Style By Molekor" (http://stylebymolekor.com/?p=7967) . stylebymolekor.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "#HFW17 | HAYATI FASHION WEEK 2017 - Barakah's Thoughts" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235044/http://barakahsthoughts.com.ng/2017/07/23/hfw17-hayati-fashion-week-2017/) . Archived from the original (http://barakahsthoughts.com.ng/2017/07/23/hfw17-hayati-fashion-week-2017/) on 2018-01-22 . Retrieved 2018-01-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Hayati Fashion Week Takes Abuja By Storm" (https://thatbavagal.wordpress.com/2017/08/20/hayati-fashion-week-takes-abuja-by-storm/) . August 20, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "HAYATI FASHION WEEK 2017 :::…… What I wore" (https://leemlarh.com/2017/07/24/hayati-fashion-week-2017/) . July 24, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Salihat Rahaman: The making of Abaya Diva" (https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/salihat-rahaman-the-making-of-abaya-diva/) . 13 January 2018. External links [ edit ] Hayati Fashion Week website (http://hayatifashionweek.com/Official) Magazine Website (http://hayatimagazine.com/Hayati) Magazine Français website (http://hayatifashionweek.com/Hayati) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐l8c8w Cached time: 20240624133030 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.248 seconds Real time usage: 0.398 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 896/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16364/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 754/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33013/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4318125/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 381.376 1 -total 51.71% 197.194 1 Template:Reflist 46.21% 176.244 9 Template:Cite_web 29.38% 112.065 1 Template:Short_description 17.04% 65.004 1 Template:Infobox_convention 15.20% 57.968 1 Template:Infobox 13.15% 50.162 4 Template:Main_other 12.87% 49.066 2 Template:Pagetype 12.46% 47.516 1 Template:SDcat 2.54% 9.693 1 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56374226-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624133030 and revision id 1230746319. 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In the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz Gingham dress of Judy Garland Judy Garland wearing the dress in a trailer for The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)) Designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) Year 1939 Type Gingham pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) In the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)) , American entertainer Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) wore a blue-and-white dress in her seminal role as Dorothy Gale (/wiki/Dorothy_Gale) throughout the film. Also nicknamed the " Dorothy dress ", [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) [2] (#cite_note-:39-2) [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) it was designed for the film by MGM (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) costume designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) , who based it on L. Frank Baum (/wiki/L._Frank_Baum) 's description of Dorothy's dress in his children's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) (1900). Several copies of the dress were made for Garland to wear during production, which were styled to make her appear younger and thinner on camera. The complete outfit consists of a checked (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) blue-and-white gingham (/wiki/Gingham) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) worn over a cream-colored blouse. It is often paired with ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) , another famous clothing item from the film. The dress was sewn on a treadle (/wiki/Treadle) sewing machine to help it appear authentically homemade. Considerably modest in comparison to most of the film's costumes, the garment's simple, youthful design is meant to represent Dorothy's innocence, while its bright color symbolizes the character's journey from mundane Kansas to the vibrant Land of Oz (/wiki/Land_of_Oz) , which were filmed in sepia tone (/wiki/Sepia_tone) and Technicolor (/wiki/Technicolor) , respectively. The "Dorothy dress" is often credited with helping popularize the use of gingham fabric in women's fashion during the 20th century, following the film's release in 1939. Eventually becoming synonymous with Garland's public image (/wiki/Judy_Garland#Public_image_and_reputation) , the character of Dorothy, and The Wizard of Oz , the dress is one of the most famous costumes in cinematic history (/wiki/History_of_film) . In the decades since the film's release, various original copies of the dress have been acquired, owned, and sold by different individuals. Several auction houses (/wiki/Auction_houses) have sold the dress for upwards of a million dollars, making it one of the most valuable costumes (/wiki/Film_memorabilia) in film history. The second of only two complete surviving dresses has been the subject of a lawsuit over ownership since 2022, renewing public interest in the garment. History [ edit ] In L. Frank Baum (/wiki/L._Frank_Baum) 's 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) , main character Dorothy Gale (/wiki/Dorothy_Gale) selects a checked (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) blue-and-white gingham (/wiki/Gingham) dress from her closet to wear to the Emerald City (/wiki/Emerald_City) . [2] (#cite_note-:39-2) American actress and singer Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) wore a blue-and-white dress to play the character in MGM (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) 's 1939 film adaptation (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)) of the book, [4] (#cite_note-4) which was the only costume she wore for the entire film. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) The dress was designed by costume designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) , who designed several other costumes for the film, including Dorothy's famed pair of ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) . [6] (#cite_note-:24-6) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) As MGM's main costumier at the time, Dorothy's simple frock (/wiki/Frock) was a significant deviation from the glamorous gowns Adrian had previously designed for some of the era's most prolific actresses. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) He made 8–10 different prototypes (/wiki/Prototype) of the dress before settling on its final checked design, which resembled the outfit Baum described in his novel. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) [2] (#cite_note-:39-2) [note 1] (#cite_note-ozillustrations-9) Early concepts of the dress included a red version and an entirely blue version with polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) trim, [9] (#cite_note-:8-10) [10] (#cite_note-:19-11) as well as a matching blouse adorned with blue bows on its sleeves and collar. [9] (#cite_note-:8-10) Garland wore the dress with a blond wig and heavy makeup. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [11] (#cite_note-12) The solid-blue dress does not appear in the final film and was only used during the first two weeks of filming in 1938 under director Richard Thorpe (/wiki/Richard_Thorpe) , [12] (#cite_note-13) who was briefly replaced by George Cukor (/wiki/George_Cukor) upon leaving the project. [10] (#cite_note-:19-11) Cukor re-styled Garland's dress and her natural hair into pigtails (/wiki/Pigtail) to better resemble a young girl from Kansas, which ultimately became her final appearance under director Victor Fleming (/wiki/Victor_Fleming) . [10] (#cite_note-:19-11) [note 2] (#cite_note-directors-16) Costume designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) designed costumes for The Wizard of Oz , including Dorothy's gingham dress. Filmmakers opted for the checked dress in an effort to make the then 16-year-old Garland appear closer in age to her 12-year-old orphan character. [note 3] (#cite_note-garlandage-21) [19] (#cite_note-22) [20] (#cite_note-:20-23) Producers also felt the pattern blurred Garland's figure, which made her appear slimmer on camera, [21] (#cite_note-24) and styled and cut the dress to help her appear younger. [22] (#cite_note-:22-25) Garland also wore a tight-fitting corset (/wiki/Corset) to suppress her breasts, [23] (#cite_note-:25-26) which were further bound (/wiki/Breast_binding) by a sewn-in panel. [24] (#cite_note-:40-27) Several identical versions of the final dress were made for Garland to wear during filming, [23] (#cite_note-:25-26) [25] (#cite_note-:4-28) [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) with some researchers believing at least 10 were created. [20] (#cite_note-:20-23) The Wizard of Oz Museum (/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_Museum) has verified seven. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) At the time, it was common for film studios to create multiple copies of a single costume or prop to avoid having to halt production should an item be lost or damaged. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) At the time of the film's release, the media speculated that Garland had worn through all dresses during production, [27] (#cite_note-:14-30) [28] (#cite_note-31) although film historian John Fricke (/wiki/John_Fricke) contends that this number was exaggerated, and she likely wore closer to 4–6. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) According to The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) and British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , Garland is thought to have worn only two of the dresses on screen. [27] (#cite_note-:14-30) [29] (#cite_note-:26-32) Each dress was made from cheap gingham and sewn roughly using a treadle (/wiki/Treadle) sewing machine to appear as though it had been homemade by Dorothy's Aunt Em (/wiki/Aunt_Em) . [30] (#cite_note-:44-33) [31] (#cite_note-34) [32] (#cite_note-35) Adrian had sourced the gingham material during a trip to Appalachia (/wiki/Appalachia) . [33] (#cite_note-:47-36) [34] (#cite_note-37) According to HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) senior editor Caroline Bologna, the fabric was considered a natural choice for Dorothy, a Kansas native, since the pattern was most popular throughout the Great Plains (/wiki/Great_Plains) during the early 20th century. [35] (#cite_note-:28-38) The blouse Garland wore underneath was delicate and often prone to tearing when Garland removed it after filming. [36] (#cite_note-:16-39) The film's seamstresses complained about having to repair it almost daily in time for the next shoot. [37] (#cite_note-:45-40) [36] (#cite_note-:16-39) Since the beginning of the film was shot in black-and-white (/wiki/Black-and-white) and sepia tone (/wiki/Sepia_tone) to emphasize the drab, uninteresting nature of Dorothy's Kansas farm home, audiences do not see the dress's true color until Dorothy is magically transported to Oz, which was filmed in Technicolor (/wiki/Technicolor) . [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) A grey version of the dress (the only one of its kind) [38] (#cite_note-41) [39] (#cite_note-:35-42) was created specifically for the moment the film transitions from sepia to color, but was never worn by Garland herself. [40] (#cite_note-43) Instead, Garland's body double (/wiki/Body_double) , Bobbie Koshay, was filmed from behind wearing the grey dress while opening the farmhouse door, revealing the colorful Munchkinland (/wiki/Munchkinland) through the doorframe. [39] (#cite_note-:35-42) The farmhouse interior was also re-painted sepia for the scene to match Koshay's dress. [41] (#cite_note-:36-44) [42] (#cite_note-45) Koshay slowly backs out of frame to be replaced by Garland wearing the bright blue dress as she ventures into Munchkinland for the first time. [41] (#cite_note-:36-44) Despite being widely perceived as blue and white, the dress was actually blue and light pink, [9] (#cite_note-:8-10) which was considered easier to capture in Technicolor, a new medium at the time. [43] (#cite_note-46) [44] (#cite_note-47) Garland found the shoot difficult for several reasons, one of which was some of the actors playing Munchkins (/wiki/Munchkin) allegedly groped (/wiki/Groping) her repeatedly underneath her dress. [22] (#cite_note-:22-25) [45] (#cite_note-48) [46] (#cite_note-49) After completing The Wizard of Oz , MGM re-used most of Dorothy's dresses in subsequent films. [20] (#cite_note-:20-23) Design and analysis [ edit ] The dress consists of a fitted bodice (/wiki/Bodice) , to which straps are affixed to its front and back by two mother-of-pearl (/wiki/Mother-of-pearl) buttons. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [47] (#cite_note-:9-50) According to an auction listing, the buttons give the garment the illusion (/wiki/Illusion) of buttoning at both the wearer's front and back waist. [48] (#cite_note-:18-51) [49] (#cite_note-:17-52) Made from cotton gingham, [49] (#cite_note-:17-52) the skirt was equipped with a deep hidden pocket on its right-side seam. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) The pinafore is usually worn over a high-necked cream-colored organdy (/wiki/Organdy) blouse with puffed short sleeves, [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [49] (#cite_note-:17-52) [37] (#cite_note-:45-40) embellished with blue ribbons, [50] (#cite_note-:12-53) and often incongruously paired with ruby slippers. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) Both the pinafore and blouse are fastened at the back using a hook-and-eye closure (/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure) . [51] (#cite_note-54) Dorothy wears black saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) before her footwear is replaced with ruby slippers. [52] (#cite_note-55) The complete ensemble is understated compared to the outfits other characters wear in Oz, [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) [53] (#cite_note-:27-56) which alludes to Dorothy's shy, innocent nature, [50] (#cite_note-:12-53) [54] (#cite_note-:23-57) and humble farm upbringing. [55] (#cite_note-:42-58) In her book The Hundred Dresses (2013), lexicographer (/wiki/Lexicography) Erin McKean (/wiki/Erin_McKean) defined the "Dorothy dress" as any dress a main female character wears upon finding themself embarking on an unexpected adventure, usually for their first time. [2] (#cite_note-:39-2) According to journalist and fashion editor Jess Cartner-Morley (/wiki/Jess_Cartner-Morley) , Dorothy's dress and wholesome image embody the film's "no place like home" message. [56] (#cite_note-59) CNN (/wiki/CNN) writer Hilary Whiteman believes the mundaneness of Dorothy's costume was a deliberate choice made by MGM to emphasize the difference between the girl from Kansas and the fantastical world based on Baum's imagination. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Similarly, Profiles in History (/wiki/Profiles_in_History) founder Joseph Maddalena said in The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) that the dress establishes Dorothy has traveled from "boring" Kansas to Oz. [39] (#cite_note-:35-42) According to various critics, the color blue is symbolic in the context of Dorothy's dress. [57] (#cite_note-60) [58] (#cite_note-61) [59] (#cite_note-62) In the original book, the Munchkins assume Dorothy is a friendly witch because, according to them, only witches and sorcerers wear white, while Munchkins themselves wear blue. [2] (#cite_note-:39-2) The Colour of Fashion (2022) author Caroline Young stated that female characters such as Dorothy are dressed in blue, a traditionally masculine color (/wiki/Gendered_associations_of_pink_and_blue) , to symbolize the act stepping outside of their comfort zones in pursuit of freedom or adventure. [33] (#cite_note-:47-36) Courtney Gisriel of Today (/wiki/TODAY.com) and Calin Van Paris of Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) also observed that Dorothy and other female characters wear blue to indicate that they will soon be embarking on a new, unfamiliar adventure. [60] (#cite_note-63) [61] (#cite_note-64) Reception and impact [ edit ] According to David J. Hogan, author of The Wizard of Oz FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Life According to Oz (2014), the dress proved that Adrian was equally comfortable designing extravagant gowns as he was "a believable Kansas outfit", [62] (#cite_note-65) a sentiment shared by Jessica Pickens of DVD Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) . [55] (#cite_note-:42-58) Praising Adrian's work, Booth Moore of Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) described two versions of the pinafore as "so beautifully stitched ... it’s easy to understand how the MGM costume giant also had a successful fashion label". [63] (#cite_note-66) The Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) considers it to be one of the finest costumes designed for one of cinema's most famous characters. [64] (#cite_note-67) However, Christopher Laverty, author of Fashion in Film (2021), found the dress poorly-made with uneven stitching. [24] (#cite_note-:40-27) Although Laverty acknowledged that the poor craftsmanship might have been intentional to match the character's farm girl image, the author believes Adrian's typical attention to detail more likely suffered from the film's tumultuous production. [24] (#cite_note-:40-27) Ultimately, the dress achieved international fame. [65] (#cite_note-68) Adrian's work on the "Dorothy dress" is credited with helping make gingham fashionable womenswear in the United States, [66] (#cite_note-69) [67] (#cite_note-70) [68] (#cite_note-71) [69] (#cite_note-72) prior to which the textile had often been used to make household furniture and children's clothing. [70] (#cite_note-73) During the early 20th century, gingham was already common among rural residents of the Great Plains (/wiki/Great_Plains) , [35] (#cite_note-:28-38) [71] (#cite_note-:11-74) who appreciated its durability; [72] (#cite_note-75) the trend only became more popular once audiences saw it worn by Kansas native Dorothy for the first time. [35] (#cite_note-:28-38) After the film was released in 1939, the dress was immediately embraced by mothers and daughters who wanted to emulate the style themselves. [73] (#cite_note-:29-76) Its design was replicated and sold by several department stores, with sewing patterns (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) being inserted into fashion magazines from the time period. [73] (#cite_note-:29-76) Several toy companies created "Judy Garland" dolls beginning as early as 1939, many of which were dressed in her costume from The Wizard of Oz . [74] (#cite_note-77) The first composition (/wiki/Composition_doll) Judy Garland doll debuted in Christmas 1939, with a blue gingham jumper and white organdy blouse designed by Mary Bauer that is a near-perfect replica of the original costume, with minor variations in the appearance of its collar and sleeves. [75] (#cite_note-78) Adrian later designed a gingham dress for actress Katharine Hepburn (/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn) to wear in the film The Philadelphia Story (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Story_(film)) (1941), which further established the pattern as a trend, [76] (#cite_note-79) and became a trademark of his work throughout his career. [77] (#cite_note-80) The popularity of the "Dorothy dress" is credited with making gingham a fashionable pattern. Despite its common association with picnic tablecloths (/wiki/Tablecloth) , [78] (#cite_note-:38-81) the fabric and pattern remain most closely affiliated with Dorothy's dress, [79] (#cite_note-82) [80] (#cite_note-:46-83) with University of Fashion (/wiki/University_of_Fashion) contributor Antonia Sardone calling Adrian responsible for gingham's popularity. [81] (#cite_note-84) According to MasterClass (/wiki/MasterClass) and The Mood Guide to Fabric and Fashion: The Essential Guide from the World's Most Famous Fabric Store (2015), the fabric immortalized itself in popular culture as result of the "Dorothy dress". [78] (#cite_note-:38-81) [82] (#cite_note-85) According to Matthew Velasco of L'Officiel USA (/wiki/L%27Officiel) , the dress "fully cement[ed] the textile's place in the lexicon of fashion". [71] (#cite_note-:11-74) Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) named it one of the six most iconic gingham outfits in film history, [83] (#cite_note-86) while Rosalind Jana from the same publication called it "immediately identifiable". [84] (#cite_note-87) Leah Melby Clinton, a writer for Elle , said the pattern has become synonymous with sweetness due to its association with Dorothy and Garland. [85] (#cite_note-88) Tara Lamont-Djite of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) said "Nothing is more memorable than Dorothy in her checked pinafore". [86] (#cite_note-89) The Luminaries Magazine editor Alison Jane Reid hailed it as "a fashion masterpiece designed to evoke the idea of the wholesome, plucky, apple pie American girl". [73] (#cite_note-:29-76) In the book A List: The National Society Of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films Paperback , film critic Peter Keough reviewed that the theater audience for a remastered version of The Wizard of Oz consisted of mostly hundreds of prepubescent girls dressed in Dorothy's blue gingham dress. [87] (#cite_note-90) The dress continues to influence fashion trends (/wiki/Fashion_trends) in the 21st century. [88] (#cite_note-:30-91) [89] (#cite_note-92) Writing for Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Alexandra Fullerton believes the dress "proves that while gingham is the pattern of summer 2021, it's also been totally on-trend since 1939". [90] (#cite_note-93) To commemorate the film's 75th anniversary in 2014, several fashion designers worked with Tonner Doll Collection to create high-fashion (/wiki/Haute_couture) dolls inspired by its main female characters. [91] (#cite_note-94) Fashion designers Chris Benz (/wiki/Chris_Benz) and Trina Turk modernized Dorothy's style using blue and white gingham. [88] (#cite_note-:30-91) [92] (#cite_note-95) The "Dorothy dress" and aesthetic experienced a comeback in 2019 due to a revived appreciation for prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) and Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) dresses, which CNN's Hilary Whiteman described as "a natural reaction to previous trends to bare all". [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Emma Firth of Elle named Dorothy their style icon of 2019. [93] (#cite_note-96) In the film Oz the Great and Powerful (/wiki/Oz_the_Great_and_Powerful) (2013), a spiritual prequel (/wiki/Spiritual_successor) to The Wizard of Oz , the character Annie ( Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)) ) wears a gingham dress referencing Dorothy. [94] (#cite_note-:48-97) [95] (#cite_note-98) Annie says she is engaged to John Gale, implying that she is either the mother or close relative of Dorothy. [94] (#cite_note-:48-97) Legacy [ edit ] Cultural significance [ edit ] Although Garland and the film are best-remembered for the ruby slippers, [22] (#cite_note-:22-25) [96] (#cite_note-99) the "Dorothy dress" remains one of the most recognizable components of The Wizard of Oz , [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) with Andrew Wright of Everything Zoomer (/wiki/ZoomerMedia) calling it "instantly recognizable". [97] (#cite_note-100) Aaron Katersky (/wiki/Aaron_Katersky) of Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) described it as "recognized worldwide as an iconic image of perhaps the most beloved and watched film in the history of cinema", [47] (#cite_note-:9-50) while Luiza Sauma of The Guardian believes few images in American cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) are as recognizable as Dorothy wearing her blue gingham dress in The Wizard of Oz . [98] (#cite_note-101) Echoing Sauma's sentiments that "Few costumes in movie history are as iconic", Christian Zilko of Indiewire (/wiki/IndieWire) said "the initial reveal of Garland’s Dorothy stepping out into the colorful Land of Oz is instantly recognizable both for its narrative significance and the technological breakthrough that [the dress] signified". [99] (#cite_note-102) Ranking it among the 10 most iconic movie dresses, Alexandra Locke of Comic Book Resources (/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources) said the film's title alone evokes images of Dorothy wearing the dress while "trying to find her way home". [50] (#cite_note-:12-53) The dress is widely considered to be one of the most famous outfits in cinematic history. [20] (#cite_note-:20-23) [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) [100] (#cite_note-103) [101] (#cite_note-:32-104) [102] (#cite_note-105) [103] (#cite_note-106) Tai Gooden of Nerdist (/wiki/Nerdist) called it arguably "one of the most recognizable [movie] items of all time", [104] (#cite_note-107) while Matthew Jackson of Syfy (/wiki/Syfy) dubbed it "One of the most famous movie costumes of all time". [105] (#cite_note-:21-108) Profiles in History (/wiki/Profiles_in_History) founder Joseph Maddalena said the dress is among "the most culturally significant items in film history". [39] (#cite_note-:35-42) Several media publications have ranked the outfit among the most beloved dresses to have appeared on film, including Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , [106] (#cite_note-109) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , [54] (#cite_note-:23-57) The Guardian , [107] (#cite_note-:41-110) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , [30] (#cite_note-:44-33) MSN (/wiki/MSN) , [53] (#cite_note-:27-56) Redbook (/wiki/Redbook) , [108] (#cite_note-111) Vogue Arabia (/wiki/Vogue_Arabia) , [109] (#cite_note-112) and British Vogue , the latter of whom said both the dress and slippers deserve "spots in the Hollywood fashion history hall of fame (/wiki/List_of_halls_and_walks_of_fame) ". [29] (#cite_note-:26-32) Although Adrian designed for numerous Hollywood actresses, and experienced a successful career both before and after The Wizard of Oz , he remains best-remembered for designing Dorothy's dress and shoes. [6] (#cite_note-:24-6) [110] (#cite_note-113) According to Fashion in Film (2021) author Christopher Laverty, his achievements are often reduced to the single ensemble, despite having designed over 3000 costumes for the film. [24] (#cite_note-:40-27) Meanwhile, Amy M. Nebens, author of Screen Gems with Hems , called it his most famous costume. [111] (#cite_note-114) The dress also remains a popular Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) several decades after the film's release, [23] (#cite_note-:25-26) [55] (#cite_note-:42-58) [112] (#cite_note-:31-115) and is often recreated or referenced in subsequent adaptations of the story across various media. [113] (#cite_note-116) Singer Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) wore the costume during a pair of Halloween-themed concerts at Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden) in 2021. [114] (#cite_note-117) Ownership and auctions [ edit ] According to Sarah Cascone of Artnet (/wiki/Artnet) , five of the dresses have survived, only two of which retained their original blouses. [37] (#cite_note-:45-40) Since filming wrapped on The Wizard of Oz in 1939, the costumes have been rotated among various owners. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) Different versions have been sold or auctioned by various individuals, including actress Debbie Reynolds (/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds) . [115] (#cite_note-:33-118) [116] (#cite_note-119) The surviving dresses are considered to be among the world's most valuable film memorabilia (/wiki/Film_memorabilia) . [101] (#cite_note-:32-104) [115] (#cite_note-:33-118) [117] (#cite_note-120) [118] (#cite_note-:34-121) Reynolds' version of the 'test dress" was sold for $910,000 ($1,119,000 after taxes) in 2011, far exceeding estimates. [119] (#cite_note-122) [120] (#cite_note-123) During the 1970s, costume designer Kent Warner (/wiki/Kent_Warner) was hired to help MGM catalog and auction some of their most famous props and costumes. He reportedly kept some of the studio's most prized memorabilia for himself, [121] (#cite_note-:15-124) including a "Dorothy dress" he eventually sold at Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) in 1981. [48] (#cite_note-:18-51) In 2012, Warner's copy of the dress (one of the only two surviving versions to have retained its blouse) was sold at Julien's Auctions (/wiki/Julien%27s_Auctions) for $490,000. [27] (#cite_note-:14-30) [122] (#cite_note-125) [123] (#cite_note-126) In 2015, the same dress was re-sold for $1.5 million, [121] (#cite_note-:15-124) [124] (#cite_note-127) the most earned by any of Dorothy's dresses at the time. [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) However, the film's "Cowardly Lion" costume had sold for $2.6 million the previous year, [118] (#cite_note-:34-121) making the latter the most valuable Wizard of Oz costume. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Meanwhile, Koshay's sepia dress was auctioned for $750,000 in 2019. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) [126] (#cite_note-129) In 2021, one of the four remaining dresses known to exist was rediscovered at the Catholic University of America (/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America) , [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) [127] (#cite_note-:0-130) [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) after having been presumed lost for four decades. [25] (#cite_note-:4-28) The dress was originally gifted to drama department founder Gilbert V. Hartke (/wiki/Gilbert_V._Hartke) by actress Mercedes McCambridge (/wiki/Mercedes_McCambridge) in 1973, [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) two years before he retired. [128] (#cite_note-:10-131) A companion of Garland's, McCambridge donated the costume to the school, where she had been working as an artist-in-residence (/wiki/Artist-in-residence) , to thank Hartke for helping her overcome her substance abuse (/wiki/Substance_abuse) , [129] (#cite_note-:43-132) hoping the gesture would inspire students. [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) It is unclear how McCambridge came to own the piece, [25] (#cite_note-:4-28) [131] (#cite_note-134) but some researches believe she acquired it from the MGM auction. [105] (#cite_note-:21-108) In 1973, a writer for the campus newspaper The Tower remarked that acquiring the dress metaphorically addressed Garland's regrets over having never attended college. [128] (#cite_note-:10-131) The dress was misplaced during the 1980s after Hartke's death, [127] (#cite_note-:0-130) [128] (#cite_note-:10-131) and its existence was deemed an urban legend (/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths) among staff and students. [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) In summer 2021, lecturer Matt Ripa unsuspectingly found the dress in a shoebox while he had been preparing the drama department for renovations. [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) The university contacted the Smithsonian National Museum of American History (/wiki/Smithsonian_National_Museum_of_American_History) , who authenticated the garment by comparing its unique characteristics to those of other verified Dorothy dresses, namely a hidden pocket, "Judy Garland" hand-written on a label, and repaired tears. [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) Despite yellowing from age and a torn blouse, [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) [37] (#cite_note-:45-40) the costume was considered to be in good condition overall. [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) Museum curators determined that the dress was one of only six possessing enough evidence to be legitimate. [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) It is believed to have been worn by Garland during the scene when Dorothy is imprisoned and threatened by the Wicked Witch of the West ( Margaret Hamilton (/wiki/Margaret_Hamilton_(actress)) ) in her fortress, [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) [127] (#cite_note-:0-130) specifically the moment the Witch uses an hourglass to determine how much time is left until she kills Dorothy. [105] (#cite_note-:21-108) The university stored the costume in its "Special Collections" unit, a temperature and humidity-controlled environment, [132] (#cite_note-:13-135) as they deemed the item too valuable to display. [128] (#cite_note-:10-131) The costume was exhibited at Bonhams (/wiki/Bonhams) New York in April 2022. [127] (#cite_note-:0-130) In May 2022, the auction house relocated the dress to be sold in Los Angeles, [133] (#cite_note-:5-136) with the school originally planning to use its proceeds towards their drama department. [26] (#cite_note-:7-29) [127] (#cite_note-:0-130) It was projected to earn between $800,000 and $1.2 million. [125] (#cite_note-:1-128) However, United States District Judge Paul Gardephe (/wiki/Paul_G._Gardephe) granted a preliminary injunction (/wiki/Preliminary_injunction) preventing the sale when Barbara Ann Hartke, a niece of Hartke, filed a lawsuit claiming to be the dress's rightful owner as heir to Gilbert's estate, [25] (#cite_note-:4-28) [129] (#cite_note-:43-132) and contending that the costume had been personally gifted to her uncle as opposed to the school. [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) Meanwhile, the university's lawyers submitted evidence contesting that Hartke would have approved the auction to support the department he founded, including statements from two of his relatives. [134] (#cite_note-137) The university also argued that, as a priest and member of the Dominican Order (/wiki/Dominican_Order) , Hartke had taken a vow of poverty (/wiki/Vow_of_poverty) preventing him from accepting personal gifts. [129] (#cite_note-:43-132) Gardephe's ruling prohibited the sale or transfer of the item until a verdict had been reached in federal court. [130] (#cite_note-:2-133) In addition to generating renewed interest in the dress, [135] (#cite_note-138) the media coverage (/wiki/Media_circus) surrounding the lawsuit furthered ongoing discussions about the ownership and conservation of historical garments. [107] (#cite_note-:41-110) [note 4] (#cite_note-kardashianmonroe-141) In December 2023, over a year after the auction was postponed, Gardephe dismissed the lawsuit, [138] (#cite_note-142) ruling that Barbara Hartke "had failed to establish that she had legal standing to assert an ownership right" over the dress. [139] (#cite_note-143) The Wizard of Oz Museum obtained a 7th version of the dress from a private collector in 2022. [3] (#cite_note-:37-3) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-ozillustrations_9-0) In the book The Making of The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Making_of_The_Wizard_of_Oz) (2013), film historian Aljean Harmetz (/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz) reported that in circumstances when scenes and costumes were not explicitly depicted by W. W. Denslow (/wiki/W._W._Denslow) 's illustrations, they based their designs on Baum's text, which described Dorothy's dress as "gingham, with checks of blue and white". [8] (#cite_note-8) ^ (#cite_ref-directors_16-0) Due to conflicting visions and commitments, The Wizard of Oz was directed by several different directors at various times throughout production, including Norman Taurog (/wiki/Norman_Taurog) , Richard Thorpe (/wiki/Richard_Thorpe) , George Cukor (/wiki/George_Cukor) , Victor Fleming (/wiki/Victor_Fleming) , and King Vidor (/wiki/King_Vidor) . [13] (#cite_note-ozdirectors-14) Although Fleming directed most of the film and is officially credited, Vidor replaced him to complete the film after Fleming left to direct Gone With the Wind (/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)) . [14] (#cite_note-ozdirectorscbc-15) ^ (#cite_ref-garlandage_21-0) Sources are conflicted over whether Garland was 16 [15] (#cite_note-garlandsoutherliving-17) [16] (#cite_note-garlandpbs-18) or 17 [17] (#cite_note-garlandnytdeath-19) [18] (#cite_note-garlandlatimesdeath-20) while filming The Wizard of Oz. ^ (#cite_ref-kardashianmonroe_141-0) In May 2022, media personality Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) had been publicly condemned for wearing a dress (/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._President) originally worn by actress Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) to the 2022 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , and allegedly damaging the garment. The controversy contributed to media discourse surrounding the use and preservation of historical garments. [136] (#cite_note-kardashianmonroesydney-139) [137] (#cite_note-latimesdress-140) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Duhrn, Sarah (May 6, 2022). "A Once-Lost Dress from 'The Wizard of Oz' Goes to Auction—Maybe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115550/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lost-dorothy-dress-oz-lawsuit) . Atlas Obscura (/wiki/Atlas_Obscura) . Archived from the original (https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lost-dorothy-dress-oz-lawsuit) on March 26, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e McKean, Erin (/wiki/Erin_McKean) (2013). The Hundred Dresses: The Most Iconic Styles of Our Time . United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 61. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781608199792 . Baum describes the dress she chooses (one of only two Dorothy owns) as pretty but faded from several washes, "with checks of white and blue". Archived from the original (https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPsia5u_xH4C&dq=adrian+gingham+dress+wizard+of+oz&pg=PA61) on June 3, 2023 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Trust, Fred. "Original Dorothy Dress – Wizard of Oz Museum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531162100/https://wizardofozflorida.com/dorothy-dress-wizard-of-oz.html) . Wizard of Oz Museum (/wiki/Wizard_of_Oz_Museum) . Archived from the original (https://wizardofozflorida.com/dorothy-dress-wizard-of-oz.html) on May 31, 2023 . Retrieved May 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dupre, Elyse (July 21, 2021). "Judy Garland's Iconic Wizard of Oz Dress Found After Disappearing for Decades" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529192848/https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1291514/judy-garlands-iconic-wizard-of-oz-dress-found-after-disappearing-for-decades) . E! News (/wiki/E!_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1291514/judy-garlands-iconic-wizard-of-oz-dress-found-after-disappearing-for-decades) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dorothy's Dress from The Wizard of Oz ($1.56 Million)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230704202546/https://robbreport.com/shelter/art-collectibles/slideshow/10-most-expensive-memorabilia-academy-award-worthy-films-slideshow/dorothys-dress-from-the-wizard-of-oz-1-56-million/) . Robb Report (/wiki/Robb_Report) . Archived from the original (https://robbreport.com/shelter/art-collectibles/slideshow/10-most-expensive-memorabilia-academy-award-worthy-films-slideshow/dorothys-dress-from-the-wizard-of-oz-1-56-million/) on July 4, 2023 . Retrieved July 4, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dark, Alexa (March 31, 2021). "Adrian: The Costume Designer Who Made Hollywood High Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230507230258/https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/costume-designer-adrian-hollywood-fashion-impact) . L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . Archived from the original (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/costume-designer-adrian-hollywood-fashion-impact) on May 7, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Whiteman, Hilary (September 26, 2019). "Remember when Judy Garland wore a gingham pinafore in 'The Wizard of Oz"?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230526155920/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/judy-garland-remember-when/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . Archived from the original (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/judy-garland-remember-when/index.html) on May 26, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Harmetz, Aljean (/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz) (2013). The Making of The Wizard of Oz . United States: Chicago Review Press (/wiki/Chicago_Review_Press) . p. 209. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781613748350 . Retrieved June 5, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Curley, Maribeth (March 28, 2012). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20230205111425/https://judygarlandnews.com/2012/03/28/dorothy-costumes-through-the-years/) "Dorothy" Costumes through the Years" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230205111425/https://judygarlandnews.com/2012/03/28/dorothy-costumes-through-the-years/) . Judy Garland News & Events . Archived from the original (https://judygarlandnews.com/2012/03/28/dorothy-costumes-through-the-years/) on February 5, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . The outfit that Dorothy Gale wears in the classic story of The Wizard of Oz is one of the most iconic and enduring in all of cinematic and literature histories. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Local Collector Selling Original Dorothy Dress From Wizard Of Oz" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529211917/http://sfappeal.com/2013/07/local-collector-selling-original-dorothy-dress-from-wizard-of-oz/) . The San Francisco Appeal . July 15, 2013. Archived from the original (http://sfappeal.com/2013/07/local-collector-selling-original-dorothy-dress-from-wizard-of-oz/) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Early Version Dress From "Wizard of Oz" Sold by Local Collector for $300K" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529184115/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/early-version-dress-from-wizard-of-oz-sold-by-local-collector-for-300k/2071761/) . NBC Bay Area (/wiki/NBC_Bay_Area) . July 30, 2013. Archived from the original (https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/early-version-dress-from-wizard-of-oz-sold-by-local-collector-for-300k/2071761/) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Fricke, John (/wiki/John_Fricke) (June 2022). "June Blog with John Fricke" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230208181323/https://ozmuseum.com/blogs/news/june-blog-with-john-fricke) . OZ Museum . Archived from the original (https://ozmuseum.com/blogs/news/june-blog-with-john-fricke) on February 8, 2023 . Retrieved May 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ozdirectors_14-0) Young, Bryan (August 4, 2017). "5 Times Directors Were Replaced and the Movie Still Crushed It" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230201024443/https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/5-times-directors-were-replaced-and-movie-still-crushed-it.htm) . HowStuffWorks (/wiki/HowStuffWorks) . Archived from the original (https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/5-times-directors-were-replaced-and-movie-still-crushed-it.htm) on February 1, 2023 . Retrieved June 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ozdirectorscbc_15-0) "The Wizard of Oz at 80: fascinating facts about the 'cursed' film classic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221128153813/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/blog/the-wizard-of-oz-at-80-fascinating-facts-about-the-cursed-film-classic-1.5258255) . CBC.ca (/wiki/CBC.ca) . August 23, 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/blog/the-wizard-of-oz-at-80-fascinating-facts-about-the-cursed-film-classic-1.5258255) on November 28, 2022 . Retrieved June 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-garlandsoutherliving_17-0) Overdeep, Meghan (June 6, 2022). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20220704161104/https://www.southernliving.com/culture/activities-and-entertainment/tv-and-movies/the-wizard-of-oz-judy-garland-100-birthday-fathom) 'The Wizard of Oz' Returns to Theaters for Judy Garland's 100th Birthday" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220704161104/https://www.southernliving.com/culture/activities-and-entertainment/tv-and-movies/the-wizard-of-oz-judy-garland-100-birthday-fathom) . Southern Living (/wiki/Southern_Living) . Archived from the original (https://www.southernliving.com/culture/activities-and-entertainment/tv-and-movies/the-wizard-of-oz-judy-garland-100-birthday-fathom) on July 4, 2022 . Retrieved June 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-garlandpbs_18-0) Townsend, Laura (February 23, 2021). "5 interesting facts about Judy Garland" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230423221207/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/blog/5-interesting-facts-about-judy-garland/) . PBS (/wiki/PBS) . Archived from the original (https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/blog/5-interesting-facts-about-judy-garland/) on April 23, 2023 . Retrieved June 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-garlandnytdeath_19-0) "Judy Garland, 47, Found Dead" (https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/09/specials/garland-obit.html?scp=18&sq=Judy%2520Garland%2520obituary&st=cse) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . June 23, 1969 . Retrieved June 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-garlandlatimesdeath_20-0) Torgerson, Dial (June 23, 1969). "From the Archives: Judy Garland Dies in London at 47; Tragedy Haunted Star" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230520063831/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-judy-garland-19690623-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-judy-garland-19690623-story.html) on May 20, 2023 . Retrieved June 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Chilton, Charlotte (December 9, 2019). "40 Best Behind-the-Scenes Photos From the Production of 'The Wizard of Oz' (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528152741/https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/g29609642/behind-the-scenes-photos-wizard-of-oz/?slide=15) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528152741/https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/g29609642/behind-the-scenes-photos-wizard-of-oz/?slide=15) . Good Housekeeping (/wiki/Good_Housekeeping) . Archived from the original (https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/g29609642/behind-the-scenes-photos-wizard-of-oz/?slide=15) on May 28, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Puente, Maria (July 29, 2015). "Judy's sweat-stained 'Wizard' dress to sell" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529204237/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2015/07/29/judys-sweat-stained-wizard-dress-sell/30846629/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Archived from the original (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2015/07/29/judys-sweat-stained-wizard-dress-sell/30846629/) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . It's one [of] the most memorable dresses in film history ^ (#cite_ref-24) Green, Tiffany (July 1, 2019). "Judy Garland: The Heart-wrenching Story Under The Rainbow" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230601193101/https://collider.com/galleries/judy-garland-heart-wrenching-true-facts/) . Collider (/wiki/Collider_(website)) . Archived from the original (https://collider.com/galleries/judy-garland-heart-wrenching-true-facts/) on June 1, 2023 . Retrieved June 1, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Abrams, Margaret; Cooper; Leah (August 23, 2019). "Judy Garland style file: the Hollywood actress' iconic dresses, outfits and fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529213150/https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/style/judy-garland-style-file-the-hollywood-actress-best-dresses-outfits-and-fashion-to-celebrate-her-birthday-a4162491.html) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . Archived from the original (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/style/judy-garland-style-file-the-hollywood-actress-best-dresses-outfits-and-fashion-to-celebrate-her-birthday-a4162491.html) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Carlile, Jennifer (October 25, 2012). "Dorothy's 'Wizard of Oz' dress could fetch $500K at auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230130160559/https://www.today.com/style/dorothys-wizard-oz-dress-could-fetch-500k-auction-flna1c6683642) . Today (/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)) . Archived from the original (https://www.today.com/style/dorothys-wizard-oz-dress-could-fetch-500k-auction-flna1c6683642) on January 30, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Laverty, Christopher (2021). Fashion in Film . United Kingdom: Quercus Publishing (/wiki/Quercus_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781529420944 . Archived from the original (https://books.google.com/books?id=h_9wEAAAQBAJ&dq=adrian+gingham+dress+wizard+of+oz&pg=PT216) on June 3, 2023 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Burack, Emily (May 24, 2022). "Judy Garland's Wizard of Oz Dress Is Up for Auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529063618/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a39815191/judy-garland-wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress-auction/) . Town & Country (/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)) . 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"Hollywood Costume Designer Adrian's Career to Be Explored at the Museum at FIT" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230629205847/https://wwd.com/feature/hollywood-costume-designer-adrians-explored-at-the-museum-at-fit-10832226/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived from the original (https://wwd.com/feature/hollywood-costume-designer-adrians-explored-at-the-museum-at-fit-10832226/) on June 29, 2023 . Retrieved January 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "What Is Gingham? Different Ways to Use and Wear Gingham" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230601165209/https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-gingham) . MasterClass (/wiki/MasterClass) . August 12, 2021. Archived from the original (https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-gingham) on June 1, 2023 . Retrieved June 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-82) Mattern, Jessica Leigh (May 18, 2017). 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"Marc Jacobs, Jenny Packham, Chris Benz, and Others Update the Wizard of Oz Crew" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230604105416/https://www.glamour.com/story/designer-wizard-oz-dolls) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.glamour.com/story/designer-wizard-oz-dolls) on June 4, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-92) Brucculieri, Julia (October 6, 2019). "Judy Garland's Career In 31 Stunning Photos" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/judy-garland-photos_l_5cfa9d19e4b02ee347767b67) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-93) Fullerton, Alexandra (August 21, 2021). "These are the most iconic movie dresses of all time – with double-take versions that you can actually buy!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230601191726/https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/iconic-movie-dresses) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . 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Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-96) Firth, Emma (August 23, 2019). "How Dorothy Gale In The Wizard Of Oz Became This Season's Style Icon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230530205123/https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/trends/a28794975/dorothy-gale-wizard-of-oz-anniversary-fashion-icon/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/trends/a28794975/dorothy-gale-wizard-of-oz-anniversary-fashion-icon/) on May 30, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . The iconic blue dress created by MGM studio's costume extraordinaire Adrian (who designed gowns for Hollywood's leading ladies that defined an era, including Greta Garbo, Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) became one of the most iconic looks in film history. ^ Jump up to: a b Wickman, Kase (March 11, 2013). "7 'Wizard of Oz' Easter Eggs Hidden In 'Oz the Great and Powerful' (https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191916/https://www.mtv.com/news/mzhxev/7-wizard-of-oz-easter-eggs-hidden-in-oz-the-great-and-powerful) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191916/https://www.mtv.com/news/mzhxev/7-wizard-of-oz-easter-eggs-hidden-in-oz-the-great-and-powerful) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/mzhxev/7-wizard-of-oz-easter-eggs-hidden-in-oz-the-great-and-powerful) on April 15, 2023 . Retrieved June 6, 2023 . "John Gale has asked me to marry him," Annie tells Oz, which could mean that she's Dorothy's mother, or at the very least a close branch on the family tree. ^ (#cite_ref-98) Edwards, Shanee (March 8, 2023). "Oz the Great and Powerful movie review: Rainbow nation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230325223202/https://www.sheknows.com/entertainment/articles/987229/oz-the-great-and-powerful-movie-review/) . SheKnows (/wiki/SheKnows) . 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"Judy Garland's Missing 'Wizard of Oz' Dress Found in Shoebox After Nearly 50 Years, On Display Before Auction" (https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/judy-garland-wizard-of-oz-dress-found-1234719112/#:~:text=It%20was%20discovered%20in%20a,Smithsonian%20to%20verify%20its%20authenticity.) . IndieWire (/wiki/IndieWire) . Retrieved November 25, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-103) Akbareian, Emma (November 24, 2015). "Wizard of Oz gingham dress worn by Judy Garland sells for $1.5m" (https://web.archive.org/web/20211015220142/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/judy-garland-s-wizard-of-oz-gingham-dress-sells-for-1-5m-a6747006.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/judy-garland-s-wizard-of-oz-gingham-dress-sells-for-1-5m-a6747006.html) on October 15, 2021 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . The dress in questions is probably one of the most iconic in cinematic history ^ Jump up to: a b "Garland's Sweat-Stained Dorothy Dress On Sale" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230530170309/https://news.sky.com/story/garlands-sweat-stained-dorothy-dress-on-sale-10350910) . Sky News (/wiki/Sky_News) . July 30, 2015. Archived from the original (https://news.sky.com/story/garlands-sweat-stained-dorothy-dress-on-sale-10350910) on May 30, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . It is perhaps one of the most recognisable costumes in Hollywood ^ (#cite_ref-105) Fearon, Francesca (November 25, 2012). "Highlights of the Hollywood Costumes exhibition" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230603015717/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/1089128/highlights-hollywood-costumes-exhibition) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Archived from the original (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/1089128/highlights-hollywood-costumes-exhibition) on June 3, 2023 . 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Screen Gems with Hems . 5 (7). ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1092-7891 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1092-7891) – via EBSCO Information Services (/wiki/EBSCO_Information_Services) . ^ (#cite_ref-:31_115-0) Chilton, Charlotte; Wecker, Janaya (May 3, 2022). "The Most Iconic Movie Dresses of All Time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230530164112/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/g32447915/best-movie-dresses/?slide=4) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Archived from the original (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/g32447915/best-movie-dresses/?slide=4) on May 30, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . Immediately after The Wizard of Oz's release, Dorothy's blue and white gingham dress became an iconic part of cinematic history. ^ (#cite_ref-116) Bravo, Tony (May 24, 2023). 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" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531032521/https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/-wizard-of-oz-dress-fetches-480-000-at-auction,520181.html) "Wizard of Oz" dress fetches $480,000 at auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531032521/https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/-wizard-of-oz-dress-fetches-480-000-at-auction,520181.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Archived from the original (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/-wizard-of-oz-dress-fetches-480-000-at-auction,520181.html) on May 31, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-123) Nieto, Rebecca; Ebright, Olsen (June 18, 2011). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20230604141832/https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/dorothy-dress-sold-at-auction-for-11m/1900036/) "Dorothy" Dress Sells at Auction for $1.1M" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230604141832/https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/dorothy-dress-sold-at-auction-for-11m/1900036/) . NBC 7 San Diego (/wiki/NBC_7_San_Diego) . Archived from the original (https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/dorothy-dress-sold-at-auction-for-11m/1900036/) on June 4, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, Andy (November 23, 2015). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20230530063547/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wizard-oz-dorothy-dress-fetches-843499/) 'Wizard of Oz' Dorothy Dress Fetches $1.56 Million at Auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230530063547/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wizard-oz-dorothy-dress-fetches-843499/) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Archived from the original (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wizard-oz-dorothy-dress-fetches-843499/) on May 30, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-125) Michaud, Chris (November 13, 2015). "UPDATE 1-Judy Garland's 'Wizard of Oz' dress fetches over $1.5 million at auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529173724/https://www.reuters.com/article/auction-wizardofoz/update-1-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-dress-fetches-over-1-5-million-at-auction-idINL1N13I29820151123) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/article/auction-wizardofoz/update-1-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-dress-fetches-over-1-5-million-at-auction-idINL1N13I29820151123) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-126) "Judy Garland's Dorothy dress to show in Newbridge" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529180230/https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/fashion/2013/0509/391361-judy-garlands-dorothy-dress-to-show-in-newbridge-pub-friday/) . RTÉ.ie (/wiki/RT%C3%89.ie) . May 13, 2013. Archived from the original (https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/fashion/2013/0509/391361-judy-garlands-dorothy-dress-to-show-in-newbridge-pub-friday/) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-127) "Judy Garland's Wizard of Oz dress sells for more than $1.5M at auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529181020/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/garland-judy-wizard-of-oz-1.3332492) . CBC.ca (/wiki/CBC.ca) . November 24, 2015. Archived from the original (https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/garland-judy-wizard-of-oz-1.3332492) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Fieldstadt, Elisha (April 21, 2022). "Dress worn by Judy Garland in 'The Wizard of Oz,' lost for decades, to be auctioned" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528063958/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dress-worn-judy-garland-wizard-oz-auctioned-rcna25352) . NBCNews.com (/wiki/NBCNews.com) . Archived from the original (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dress-worn-judy-garland-wizard-oz-auctioned-rcna25352) on May 28, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-129) Fernández, Alexia (August 27, 2019). "Dorothy Gale's Iconic 'Wizard of Oz' Dress Is Up for Auction 80 Years After the Film's Release" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531015453/https://people.com/movies/wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress-auction/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://people.com/movies/wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress-auction/) on May 31, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Lost for Decades, Judy Garland's 'The Wizard of Oz' Dorothy Dress, Hits NYC Auction Block" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528062038/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/dorothys-dress-from-the-wizard-of-oz-going-up-for-sale-after-lost-for-decades/3655631/) . NBC New York (/wiki/NBC_New_York) . April 20, 2022. Archived from the original (https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/dorothys-dress-from-the-wizard-of-oz-going-up-for-sale-after-lost-for-decades/3655631/#:~:text=Bonhams%20New%20York-,One%20of%20only%20four%20dresses%20worn%20by%20Dorothy%20in%20the,some%20big%20bucks%20for%20it.) on May 28, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zimmermann, Carol (July 9, 2021). "Dorothy's iconic 'The Wizard of Oz' dress—missing for decades—discovered at Catholic University" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529052813/https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2021/07/09/wizard-oz-dorothy-dress-found-catholic-university-241011) . America (/wiki/America_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2021/07/09/wizard-oz-dorothy-dress-found-catholic-university-241011) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Porterfield, Carlie (May 23, 2022). "Judge Postpones Auction Of Judy Garland's 'Wizard Of Oz' Dress Over Ownership Dispute" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230603182659/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2022/05/23/judge-postpones-auction-of-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-dress-over-ownership-dispute/?sh=4b9d0e0c257d) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived from the original (https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2022/05/23/judge-postpones-auction-of-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-dress-over-ownership-dispute/?sh=4b9d0e0c257d) on June 3, 2023 . Retrieved June 3, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Solly, Meilan (May 24, 2022). "There's No Place Like Home—but What's the Right Place for Dorothy's Dress From 'The Wizard of Oz'?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528072549/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/judge-blocks-sale-of-long-lost-wizard-of-oz-dress-worn-by-judy-garland-180980136/) . Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/judge-blocks-sale-of-long-lost-wizard-of-oz-dress-worn-by-judy-garland-180980136/) on May 28, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-134) Fahy, Olivia (May 5, 2022). "Judy Garland's Iconic Wizard Of Oz Dress To Go Under The Hammer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031633/https://geekireland.com/judy-garlands-iconic-wizard-of-oz-dress-to-go-under-the-hammer/) . Geek Ireland . Archived from the original (https://geekireland.com/judy-garlands-iconic-wizard-of-oz-dress-to-go-under-the-hammer/) on May 31, 2023 . Retrieved May 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:13_135-0) Johnston, Rylee (July 21, 2021). "Judy Garland's famous Wizard of Oz dress has been found after 40 years missing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230529163301/https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/fashion-news/judy-garlands-famous-wizard-of-oz-dress-has-been-found-after-40-years-missing/) . Woman & Home (/wiki/Woman_%26_Home) . Archived from the original (https://www.womanandhome.com/fashion/fashion-news/judy-garlands-famous-wizard-of-oz-dress-has-been-found-after-40-years-missing/) on May 29, 2023 . Retrieved May 29, 2023 . Dorothy Gale's blue gingham dress from the Wizard of Oz has become a famous piece of film history. ^ (#cite_ref-:5_136-0) Potts, Morgan (May 2022). "Lost Judy Garland 'Dorothy' Dress from the Wizard of Oz Comes to Auction at Bonhams" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528152255/https://www.bonhams.com/press_release/34291/) . Bonhams (/wiki/Bonhams) . Archived from the original (https://www.bonhams.com/press_release/34291/) on May 28, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-137) Murillo, Mike (May 18, 2022). "Catholic University's evidence for why it owns 'Wizard of Oz' Dorothy dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230602155634/https://wtop.com/dc/2022/05/catholic-universitys-evidence-for-why-it-owns-wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress/) . WTOP-FM (/wiki/WTOP-FM) . Archived from the original (https://wtop.com/dc/2022/05/catholic-universitys-evidence-for-why-it-owns-wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress/) on June 2, 2023 . Retrieved May 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-138) "Judge Blocks Auction of Dorothy's 'Wizard of Oz Dress,' over Catholic University's Objections" (https://www.norwichdiocese.org/Stay-Informed/All-Diocesan-Articles/ID/8281/Judge-Blocks-Auction-of-Dorothys-Wizard-of-Oz-Dress-over-Catholic-Universitys-Objections) . Diocese of Norwich (/wiki/Diocese_of_Norwich) . May 24, 2022 . Retrieved November 25, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-kardashianmonroesydney_139-0) Hornery, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Hornery) (May 22, 2022). "What Kim's 'Marilyn' dress means for publicity-hungry celebrities" (https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/what-kim-s-marilyn-dress-means-for-publicity-hungry-celebrities-20220517-p5am2a.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved November 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-latimesdress_140-0) "Sale of long-lost 'Wizard of Oz' dress put on hold by judge" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-05-24/wizard-of-oz-dress-sale-hold-judge-lawsuit) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . May 24, 2022 . Retrieved June 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-142) Augenstein, Neal (December 12, 2023). "Case dismissed: 'Wizard of Oz' dress may soon be auctioned by Catholic University" (https://wtop.com/local/2023/12/case-dismissed-wizard-of-oz-dress-may-soon-be-auctioned-by-catholic-university/) . WTSP (/wiki/WTSP) . Retrieved February 7, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-143) Mangan, Dan (December 11, 2023). " (https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/11/wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress-lawsuit-auction.html) 'Wizard of Oz' dress could go up for big-money auction after judge tosses ownership lawsuit" (https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/11/wizard-of-oz-dorothy-dress-lawsuit-auction.html) . CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) . Retrieved December 16, 2023 . v t e The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz) Based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) by L. Frank Baum (/wiki/L._Frank_Baum) Elements " Surrender Dorothy (/wiki/Surrender_Dorothy) " Ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) Gingham dress of Judy Garland Music (/wiki/Musical_selections_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz) " Over the Rainbow (/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow) " " Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead (/wiki/Ding-Dong!_The_Witch_Is_Dead) " " We're Off to See the Wizard (/wiki/We%27re_Off_to_See_the_Wizard) " " If I Only Had a Brain (/wiki/If_I_Only_Had_a_Brain) " " The Merry Old Land of Oz (/wiki/The_Merry_Old_Land_of_Oz) " " If I Were King of the Forest (/wiki/If_I_Were_King_of_the_Forest) " Versions, sequels, and adaptations 1942 stage musical (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1942_musical)) 1987 stage musical (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1987_musical)) 2011 stage musical (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(2011_musical)) The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_in_Concert:_Dreams_Come_True) On television (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_on_television) Was (/wiki/Was_(novel)) Apocalypse Oz (/wiki/Apocalypse_Oz) Off to See the Wizard (/wiki/Off_to_See_the_Wizard) Journey Back to Oz (/wiki/Journey_Back_to_Oz) The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(TV_series)) (TV series) Return to Oz (/wiki/Return_to_Oz) Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz (/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz) The Wicked Years (/wiki/The_Wicked_Years) Oz the Great and Powerful (/wiki/Oz_the_Great_and_Powerful) Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (/wiki/Legends_of_Oz:_Dorothy%27s_Return) Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz (/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry:_Back_to_Oz) Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz) ( episodes (/wiki/List_of_Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_of_Oz_episodes) ) Games Arcade game (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(arcade_game)) Pinball (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(pinball)) Video game (/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1993_video_game)) Related The Making of The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Making_of_The_Wizard_of_Oz) Friend of Dorothy (/wiki/Friend_of_Dorothy) Over the Rainbow (/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow_(2010_TV_series)) The Dark Side of the Rainbow (/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Rainbow) Lynch/Oz (/wiki/Lynch/Oz) Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz (/wiki/Meco_Plays_The_Wizard_of_Oz) Miss Gulch Returns! (/wiki/Miss_Gulch_Returns!) Under the Rainbow (/wiki/Under_the_Rainbow) Wicked Witch of the West Sesame Street episode (/wiki/Episode_847) The Wozard of Iz (/wiki/The_Wozard_of_Iz) Category (/wiki/Category:The_Wizard_of_Oz) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f856f9b8b‐6j42f Cached time: 20240716062615 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.428 seconds Real time usage: 1.634 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7476/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 315157/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2994/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 577574/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.903/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5848156/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1437.990 1 -total 65.68% 944.480 2 Template:Reflist 43.86% 630.731 108 Template:Cite_news 9.87% 141.999 6 Template:Main_other 9.61% 138.207 1 Template:Short_description 7.78% 111.887 1 Template:The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film) 7.40% 106.468 1 Template:Navbox 5.86% 84.280 1 Template:SDcat 5.38% 77.344 12 Template:Cite_book 4.82% 69.252 15 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73914044-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716062615 and revision id 1230323712. 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Elements of popular culture based on Communist symbols Communist chic clothing for sale at the Fête de l'Humanité (/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9) event in France in 2014. Communist chic are elements of popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) such as fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and commodities (/wiki/Commodity) based on communist symbols (/wiki/Communist_symbolism) and other things associated with Marxism (/wiki/Marxism) , Leninism (/wiki/Leninism) , socialism (/wiki/Socialism) and communism (/wiki/Communism) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-Wilson-2) Typical examples are T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) and other memorabilia (/wiki/Souvenir) with Alberto Korda (/wiki/Alberto_Korda) 's iconic photo (/wiki/Guerrillero_Heroico) of Che Guevara (/wiki/Che_Guevara) . Journalists Christine Esche and Rosa Mossiah argue that in former (/wiki/Communist_state#Former_communist_states) communist countries (/wiki/Communist_countries) , Communist chic originates from disappointment in capitalist (/wiki/Capitalism) society. [3] (#cite_note-eschemossiah-3) The trend gained some momentum with the 150th anniversary of The Communist Manifesto (/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto) in 1998. [2] (#cite_note-Wilson-2) A 'Modern Edition' was released in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) that year, and style expert Simon Doonan (/wiki/Simon_Doonan) viewed the book as a desirable fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) regardless of its contents. He argues "People are forgetting the Gulag (/wiki/Gulag) and Stalin (/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) and the negative imagery ... it could be time for it to come back as pure style." [4] (#cite_note-Heffernan-4) See also [ edit ] Che Guevara in fashion (/wiki/Che_Guevara_in_fashion) Communist nostalgia (/wiki/Communist_nostalgia) Nostalgia for the Soviet Union (/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union) Capitalist realism (/wiki/Capitalist_realism) Nazi chic (/wiki/Nazi_chic) Radical chic (/wiki/Radical_chic) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:0_1-0) Jacoby, Jeff (/wiki/Jeff_Jacoby_(columnist)) (April 30, 2006). "Communist chic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181214064810/http://archive.boston.com/yourlife/fashion/articles/2006/04/30/communist_chic/) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Archived from the original (http://archive.boston.com/yourlife/fashion/articles/2006/04/30/communist_chic/) on December 14, 2018 . Retrieved December 10, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, John (February 15, 1999). "Communist Chic: Hoisting a few to the ghost of Stalin" (https://www.weeklystandard.com/john-wilson/communist-chic) . The Weekly Standard (/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard) . Washington, D.C. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190105145320/https://www.weeklystandard.com/john-wilson/communist-chic) from the original on January 5, 2019 . Retrieved January 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-eschemossiah_3-0) Esche, Christine; Mossiah, Rosa Katharina; Topalska, Sandra (September 2010). "Lost and Found: Communism Nostalgia and Communist Chic" (https://www.humanityinaction.org/knowledge_detail/lost-and-found-communism-nostalgia-and-communist-chic-among-polands-old-and-young-generations/) . Humanity in Action (/wiki/Humanity_in_Action) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210902230732/https://www.humanityinaction.org/knowledge_detail/lost-and-found-communism-nostalgia-and-communist-chic-among-polands-old-and-young-generations/) from the original on September 2, 2021 . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Heffernan_4-0) Heffernan, Virginia (February 23, 1998). "Commie Chic" (https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/2269/) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210228043705/https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/2269/) from the original on February 28, 2021 . Retrieved September 9, 2021 . This article about popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communist_chic&oldid=1200027444 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communist_chic&oldid=1200027444) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Communist chic (/wiki/Category:Communist_chic) Communist propaganda (/wiki/Category:Communist_propaganda) Communist nostalgia (/wiki/Category:Communist_nostalgia) Popular culture (/wiki/Category:Popular_culture) Fashion aesthetics (/wiki/Category:Fashion_aesthetics) Popular culture stubs (/wiki/Category:Popular_culture_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Fashion editor and children's book author This article is about the fashion editor. For the CEO of Micro Trend, see Eva Chen (/wiki/Eva_Chen) . Eva Chen Chen at Paris Fashion Week 2019 Born 1980 (age 43–44) [1] (#cite_note-1) Alma mater Johns Hopkins University (/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University) Occupation Fashion editor (/wiki/Fashion_editor) Organization Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) Known for Editor of Lucky (/wiki/Lucky_(magazine)) Eva Chen (born 1980) is an American journalist. She is the director of fashion partnerships at Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) [2] (#cite_note-2) and a children's book author. [3] (#cite_note-3) Previously she was editor-in-chief of Lucky (/wiki/Lucky_(magazine)) [4] (#cite_note-4) and beauty and health director at Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life [ edit ] Chen grew up in New York. Her parents, who are originally from Taipei (/wiki/Taipei) and Shanghai, own a consulting textile import-export business, and Chen attributes her early love of fashion to her mother's influence. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Chen attended the Brearley School (/wiki/Brearley_School) , [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) then went to college at Johns Hopkins University (/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University) where she was pre-med, but eventually decided to major in English. [7] (#cite_note-7) She pursued her master's degree in journalism at Columbia University. [8] (#cite_note-8) Career [ edit ] In college, Chen interned for fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . After graduating from Hopkins in 2001, she worked briefly for Cravath, Swaine & Moore (/wiki/Cravath,_Swaine_%26_Moore) before joining the then-recently launched shopping magazine Lucky , where she worked in the credits department logging the prices and sellers for the magazine's array of products and eventually became editor-in-chief. She next moved to Elle where she worked in the beauty department for three years before she became beauty editor of Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . [9] (#cite_note-9) At Lucky , Chen was the youngest editor-in-chief in the magazine's history. [10] (#cite_note-10) She also became the first head of a commercial arm for the publication, Lucky Shops, serving as both editor-in-chief for the magazine and chief creative officer. [11] (#cite_note-11) In July 2015, Chen joined Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , owned by Facebook, to develop partnerships with fashion brands. [12] (#cite_note-12) She is presently Head of Fashion Partnerships for the social media platform, and has launched a number of fashion and e-commerce features at Instagram, including shopping fashion looks directly from influencers' feeds [13] (#cite_note-13) and the Instagram Shop account. [14] (#cite_note-14) Chen with illustrator Derek Desierto signing books at BookCon (/wiki/BookCon) in 2019 On May 27, 2020, Chen gave remarks at her alma mater Johns Hopkins University (/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University) 's Commencement ceremony. [15] (#cite_note-15) Chen is also an author [16] (#cite_note-16) of several children's books, including I Am Golden (/wiki/I_Am_Golden) (2022), which focuses on uplifting Asian American children and teaching them self love and validation. [17] (#cite_note-17) Children's books [ edit ] Juno Valentine and the Magical Shoes (2018), illustrated by Derek Desierto A Is for Awesome: 23 Iconic Women Who Changed the World (2019), illustrated by Derek Desierto Juno Valentine and the Fantastic Fashion Adventure (2019), illustrated by Derek Desierto 3 2 1 Awesome!: 20 Fearless Women Who Dared to Be Different (2020), illustrated by Derek Desierto Roxy the Last Unisaurus Rex (2020), illustrated by Matthew Riviera [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Roxy the Unisaurus Rex Presents: Oh No! The Talent Show (2021), illustrated by Matthew Riviera I Am Golden (2022), illustrated by Sophie Diao Colors of Awesome (2022), illustrated by Matthew Riviera Personal life [ edit ] In 2000, Chen studied abroad for a year in England at Oxford, where she met her husband, Thomas Bannister. [20] (#cite_note-20) Chen and Bannister have three children, born in 2015, 2017, and 2021. [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cremascoli, Babila (October 8, 2019). "With Eva Chen, Instagram is at the forefront of the Paris SS20 fashion shows" (https://www.lofficiel.co.uk/woman/who-is-eva-chen-instagram-fashion-partnership-director-spring-summer-2020-fashion-show-paris) . L'Officiel . Retrieved April 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Armstrong, Lisa (March 2, 2016). "Eva Chen on how Instagram made the fashion world more friendly" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/eva-chen-on-how-instagram-made-the-fashion-world-more-friendly/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved December 5, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Eva Chen Is Writing a Children's Book" (https://www.vogue.com/article/eva-chen-juno-valentine-and-the-magical-shoes) . Vogue . Retrieved November 8, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wang, Connie (April 30, 2015). "Eva Chen Out At The Lucky Group" (https://www.refinery29.com/2015/04/86560/eva-chen-leaving-lucky) . Refinery29 . Retrieved December 5, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fitzpatrick, Tommye (August 16, 2013). "The Creative Class | Eva Chen, editor" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/creative-class/the-creative-class-eva-chen-editor-in-chief) . The Business of Fashion . ^ a b Meltzer, Marisa (August 14, 2013). "Eva Chen, Trending Now at Lucky Magazine" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/15/fashion/eva-chen-trending-now-at-lucky-magazine.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved December 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Le, Vanna (May 21, 2014). "Channeling Chen: How Condé Nast's Youngest Editor Is Making Normalcy And Failure Cool" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/vannale/2014/05/21/channeling-chen-how-conde-nasts-youngest-editor-is-making-normalcy-and-failure-cool/#2d4a3e5ec96d) . Forbes . Retrieved December 5, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Curriculum Vitae: Eva Chen" (https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/2017/04/curriculum-vitae-eva-chen/) . Arts & Sciences Magazine . April 26, 2017 . Retrieved February 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Eva Chen" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/eva-chen) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved May 16, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Roettgers, Janko (July 17, 2015). "Instagram Hires Former Lucky Magazine Editor as Fashion Liaison" (https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/instagram-hires-former-lucky-magazine-editor-as-fashion-liaison-1201543160/) . Variety . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Mulkerrins, Jane (March 8, 2015). "Eva Chen, the Anna Wintour of the digital age?" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG11444859/Eva-Chen-interview-the-next-Anna-Wintour.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved December 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Yi, David (July 17, 2015). "Instagram poaches former Lucky editor-in-chief Eva Chen in new fashion role" (http://mashable.com/2015/07/17/instagram-lucky-eva-chen/) . Mashable . Retrieved December 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Instagram users can now buy influencer looks. Eva Chen explains why" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/eva-chen-instagram-shopping-purchase-from-creators-feature) . Vogue Business . April 30, 2019 . Retrieved May 16, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Instagram Hones in on Publishers' Turf With Shopping Recommendations" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/instagram-hones-in-on-publishers-turf-with-shopping-recommendations) . Business of Fashion . May 9, 2019 . Retrieved May 16, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Eva Chen (May 21, 2020). "Johns Hopkins Alumni Welcome the Class of 2020" (https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/05/21/commencement-2020-main/) . Johns Hopkins University . Retrieved July 1, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Eva Chen" (https://us.macmillan.com/author/evachen) . us.macmillan.com . macmillan . Retrieved May 16, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Eva Chen Hopes to Inspire Self-Love in Asian American Children in New Picture Book I Am Golden" (https://people.com/parents/eva-chen-self-love-childrens-book-i-am-golden/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved June 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Roxy the Last Unisaurus Rex | Eva Chen | Macmillan" (https://us.macmillan.com/roxythelastunisaurusrex/evachen/9781250619921) . US Macmillan . Retrieved December 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Eva Chen shares how her daughter inspired her latest book" (https://news.yahoo.com/eva-chen-shares-her-daughter-142034942.html) . news.yahoo.com . October 26, 2020 . Retrieved December 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Dash, Kristie. "Meet Fashion's coolest girl boss Eva Chen" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/eva-chen-instagram) . Retrieved October 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Eva Chen wants to 'celebrate self-love,' combat anti-Asian hate with 'I Am Golden' (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/02/01/eva-chen-celebrates-heritage-i-am-golden-author-childrens-book/9158871002/) " (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/02/01/eva-chen-celebrates-heritage-i-am-golden-author-childrens-book/9158871002/) . USA TODAY . Retrieved June 21, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eva Chen (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eva_Chen) . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/20154135702515080341) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJq6Wbw84QHXcxtcPPJqwC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018148647) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4qsxt Cached time: 20240721005254 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.463 seconds Real time usage: 0.877 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2649/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45151/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1809/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 83986/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.303/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7115371/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 577.658 1 -total 31.16% 179.983 1 Template:Reflist 23.57% 136.137 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.46% 118.205 11 Template:Cite_web 15.39% 88.914 1 Template:Authority_control 12.98% 74.969 1 Template:Short_description 7.29% 42.088 2 Template:Pagetype 6.82% 39.419 10 Template:Cite_news 6.59% 38.039 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.56% 37.896 1 Template:About Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52485028-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721005254 and revision id 1161204550. 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This category contains British films depicting cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) scenes. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6697fd87f8‐w2ktf Cached time: 20240711195300 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.024 seconds Real time usage: 0.107 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 63/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 624/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 96/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 556235/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 27.934 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 100.00% 27.934 1 -total 79.53% 22.217 1 Template:Category_other 73.02% 20.398 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 7.21% 2.013 1 Template:Clear 6.87% 1.918 1 Template:Template_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67639481-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711195300 and revision id 1108353605. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Cross-dressing in British films" The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous:_The_Movie) Albert Nobbs (/wiki/Albert_Nobbs) B Bohemian Rhapsody (film) (/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)) C Come Play with Me (1977 film) (/wiki/Come_Play_with_Me_(1977_film)) The Comeback (1978 film) (/wiki/The_Comeback_(1978_film)) D Decameron Nights (/wiki/Decameron_Nights) F Femme (film) (/wiki/Femme_(film)) Filth (film) (/wiki/Filth_(film)) First a Girl (/wiki/First_a_Girl) G Girls Will Be Boys (/wiki/Girls_Will_Be_Boys) Goodbye Gemini (/wiki/Goodbye_Gemini) J Just like a Woman (1992 film) (/wiki/Just_like_a_Woman_(1992_film)) K Keep It Up, Jack (/wiki/Keep_It_Up,_Jack) Kevin & Perry Go Large (/wiki/Kevin_%26_Perry_Go_Large) Killer Tongue (/wiki/Killer_Tongue) L The Last of the Blonde Bombshells (/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Blonde_Bombshells) M Monty Python's Life of Brian (/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian) Mute (2018 film) (/wiki/Mute_(2018_film)) My Old Duchess (/wiki/My_Old_Duchess) N Neverland (film) (/wiki/Neverland_(film)) Nuns on the Run (/wiki/Nuns_on_the_Run) O Our Miss Fred (/wiki/Our_Miss_Fred) P Prey (1977 film) (/wiki/Prey_(1977_film)) R The Rocky Horror Picture Show (/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show) S Shakespeare in Love (/wiki/Shakespeare_in_Love) St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold (/wiki/St_Trinian%27s_2:_The_Legend_of_Fritton%27s_Gold) T The Triple Echo (/wiki/The_Triple_Echo) U An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (film) (/wiki/An_Unsuitable_Job_for_a_Woman_(film)) V Victor/Victoria (/wiki/Victor/Victoria) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cross-dressing_in_British_films&oldid=1108353605 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cross-dressing_in_British_films&oldid=1108353605) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British LGBT-related films (/wiki/Category:British_LGBT-related_films) British films by topic (/wiki/Category:British_films_by_topic) Cross-dressing in film (/wiki/Category:Cross-dressing_in_film) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Polynesian scented oil The Monoi Tiaré Tahiti is a perfume-oil made by infusing the blossoms of Tiaré flowers (/wiki/Gardenia_taitensis) in coconut oil (/wiki/Coconut_oil) . Monoï oil [1] (#cite_note-1) is an infused perfume-oil made from soaking the petals of Tahitian gardenias (/wiki/Gardenia_taitensis) (best known as Tiaré flowers (/wiki/Tiare) ) in coconut oil. Monoï (pronounced mah-noy) is a Tahitian word meaning "scented oil" in the Tahitian (/wiki/Tahitian_language) . Monoï is widely used among French Polynesians (/wiki/French_Polynesians) as a skin and hair softener. Authentic Tahitian monoi oil follows a strict manufacturing code that oversees the entire process from handpicking the tiare flowers to storage and shipping of the final product. This process has been validated and protected by an Appellation of Origin (/wiki/Geographical_indication) which was awarded to Monoi de Tahiti on 1 April 1992. History [ edit ] The date when monoi was first created is unknown; however, its origins can be traced back 2000 years to the Maohi (/wiki/Maohi) people, the indigenous Polynesians. Early European explorers who travelled to the Polynesian (/wiki/Polynesia) Islands, including James Cook (/wiki/James_Cook) , documented the natives’ use of monoi for medicinal, cosmetic and religious purposes. Monoi featured prominently in the lives of these ancient people, from birth until death. It was applied to the bodies of newborns to keep them from dehydrating in hot weather, and from getting chilled in cooler temperatures. When a person died, their body was embalmed and perfumed with manoi to help facilitate their journey into the afterlife. Monoi was also used in ancient Polynesian religious rites (/wiki/Ritual) . During ceremonies which took place in the maraes (temples), Maori priests (/wiki/Priests) used monoi to anoint sacred objects and purify offerings to their deities. Maori navigators used manoi to protect their bodies from cold, harsh winds and salt water during long canoe expeditions at sea. (Even today, many divers (/wiki/Underwater_diving) rub monoi all over their bodies prior to diving for the same purpose.) In 1942, monoi began to be manufactured commercially (/wiki/For-profit) . Ingredients [ edit ] The Tiaré flower (/wiki/Gardenia_taitensis) . Tiare flower [ edit ] The tiare flower ( Gardenia taitensis (/wiki/Gardenia_taitensis) ), from the family Rubiaceae, is Tahiti's national flower (/wiki/National_emblem) . The small white, star-shaped flower grows on 3-foot (0.91 m) high bushes throughout French Polynesia (/wiki/French_Polynesia) , which features soil of coral origin, and blossoms all year long. Other names for this flower include Tiare Tahiti and Tiare Maohi. Beyond their contribution to Monoi Tiare Tahiti, tiare flowers are deeply rooted in everyday Polynesian life. In traditional medicine (/wiki/Traditional_medicine) , the flower is prepared in a variety of concoctions to alleviate a range of common maladies including the common cold (/wiki/Common_cold) , headaches and sunburn. Many Polynesians enjoy placing a few tiare flowers on a small, water-filled saucer to release the fragrance throughout their "fares" (Polynesian houses). The flower necklaces that are offered to tourists as a welcome gesture are created with tiare flowers, and vahine (Polynesian women) customarily wear them behind one ear. The tiare flowers that are used in Monoi de Tahiti are hand-picked at a very particular stage of their growth, specifically when they are still unopened. The flowers are immediately taken to the manufacturing plant (/wiki/Factory) and stripped of their pistils. The flower portion is placed in refined coconut oil for a minimum of 15 days. This is known as "enfleurage" (flower soaking), a French term used to designate a specific extraction step. According to specific maceration standards set by the decree of Appellation d'Origine, which each manufacturer must scrupulously follow, a minimum of 15 tiare flowers must be used in every liter of refined coconut oil. Coconut oil [ edit ] Coconut palm (/wiki/Coconut) trees remain the most utilized Polynesian island tree and cover approximately 150,000 acres (610 km 2 ) of land. [ citation needed ] Under favourable conditions, the coconut palm tree grows its first fruits during its 6th year and produces approximately 60 coconuts per year, from its 10th to its 70th year. As the nut begins to form it is completely empty and contains no nutrients. When its size increases, the shell hardens and becomes filled with a transparent liquid that will turn into oil upon full maturity. When the coconuts fall from the trees, they are gathered to undergo the ancient process of extracting the coconut almonds. The shell is cracked open with an ax. The two coconut halves are left for several hours in the sun, until the almonds have shrunk enough to be removed and broken into small pieces. The fragments are then taken to special flat wooden barracks covered with sliding metal roofs which are popularly known on the Polynesian islands as " coprah dryers". The sliding roofs are only used at night and during the rainy season (/wiki/Wet_season) . The coprah is left to dry for more than a week until the coconut meat has lost over 90% of its moisture. Placed into special natural fiber (/wiki/Natural_fiber) bags, the coconut fragments are shipped to the unique oil mill located on the island of Tahiti where they will be thrown into special machines and ground to a fine coco flour. The flour is then heated up to 125 degrees and finally pressed into raw coconut oil. After that step, the oil will undergo more refining to remove all impurities and obtain the highest possible quality. Once the refining process is completed the coconut oil is placed into special storage tanks until it is purchased by one of only a handful of Monoi manufacturers. These manufacturers will proceed individually to the final maceration step which is to infuse the oil with Tiare flowers. Monoi de Tahiti must be stored in drums with a food-suitable liner or material. Drums must be lead-sealed when they leave Tahiti (/wiki/Tahiti) and kept away from humidity, light and heat. Common uses [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Monoi_oil) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( September 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Recent manufacturer tests verify that monoi oil is rich in methyl salicylate (/wiki/Methyl_salicylate) which is a skin-soothing agent. It is a naturally concentrated emollient which penetrates the skin, re-hydrates the layers of the epidermis and shields skin against external damages including sun and wind. [ citation needed ] Monoi oil is used: After a shower or bath to rehydrate skin. Before or after a swim, it provides protection against the effects of sun, wind, sea or pool water As a pre-shampoo hot oil treatment, it helps repair and deep condition the hair to a healthy shine. As a hair treatment after shampooing, once hair is dry. It adds shine, smooths frizz, and conditions the hair. During a bath. A few drops in the water reportedly encourages relaxation while keeping skin soft and subtly fragrant. As a dark tanning oil (/wiki/Indoor_tanning_lotion) After being warmed in the palms of the hands, it is suited for massaging sore parts of the body or for warming up a weak body. As a pain reliever (/wiki/Analgesic) for sunburn. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Monoï Tiaré Tahiti History (http://www.monoi.com/history.html) External links [ edit ] Monoï Institute (http://www.monoi-institute.org/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160819191021/http://www.monoi-institute.org/) 2016-08-19 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Guide to Using Monoi Oil on Hair, body, tanning and more (https://www.brazilianbikinishop.com/en/articles/how-to-use-monoi-4/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐8nhbt Cached time: 20240713175851 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.212 seconds Real time usage: 0.366 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 782/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12582/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1644/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2974/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.109/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3781625/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.592 1 -total 44.18% 144.286 1 Template:Short_description 22.77% 74.367 5 Template:Main_other 21.66% 70.739 1 Template:SDcat 18.56% 60.615 2 Template:Citation_needed 16.30% 53.227 2 Template:Pagetype 15.76% 51.460 2 Template:Fix 14.31% 46.733 1 Template:Unreferencedsect 13.14% 42.923 2 Template:Convert 13.06% 42.638 1 Template:Unreferenced Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21723146-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713175851 and revision id 1224392684. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monoi_oil&oldid=1224392684 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monoi_oil&oldid=1224392684) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Essential oils (/wiki/Category:Essential_oils) Tahiti (/wiki/Category:Tahiti) Polynesia (/wiki/Category:Polynesia) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2014) Articles needing additional references from September 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)
Worldwide lifestyle magazine Elle Men Categories Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) Frequency Monthly (worldwide) First issue 2005 ( 2005 ) ( Romania (/wiki/Romania) ) 2011 ( 2011 ) ( China (/wiki/China) ) 2012 ( 2012 ) ( Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) ) 2013 ( 2013 ) ( Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) ) 2021 ( 2021 ) ( Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) , Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) ) Company Lagardère Group (/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group) Language Romanian (/wiki/Romanian_language) , Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) , Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) , Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) , Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_language) , English (/wiki/English_language) , Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) Website elle (http://elle.ro/elle-man) .ro (http://elle.ro/elle-man) /elle-man (http://elle.ro/elle-man) ellemen (http://ellemen.com) .com (http://ellemen.com) elleman (http://elleman.vn) .vn (http://elleman.vn) ellemen (http://ellemen.com.hk) .com (http://ellemen.com.hk) .hk (http://ellemen.com.hk) elle (http://elle.mx/elle-man) .mx (http://elle.mx/elle-man) /elle-man (http://elle.mx/elle-man) elle (http://elle.com.sg/men) .com (http://elle.com.sg/men) .sg (http://elle.com.sg/men) /men (http://elle.com.sg/men) ellementhailand (http://ellementhailand.com) .com (http://ellementhailand.com) International logo, used in some regions Elle Man or Elle Men is a magazine for men's featuring the latest trends in style, culture and society, present in 8 countries, the magazine highlights the latest in fashion, grooming, travel and celebrities, [1] (#cite_note-1) adapted from Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , owned by a French Lagardère Group (/wiki/Lagard%C3%A8re_Group) with licensed publishers in many other countries. Depending on the region of the publishing house, the number of issues varies from three to twelve per year. According to a 2011 study, Elle Men ranked first in sales in its segment in cities such as Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) , Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) and Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) . The magazine's market share is about 40%, which is ahead of GQ (/wiki/GQ) or Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) International editions [ edit ] In March 2011, Elle Men was launched in China by Hearst Magazines China and is still in published. [4] (#cite_note-4) In October 2012 saw the launch of Elle Man in Canada by TC Media. [5] (#cite_note-5) In September 2013, the Hong Kong version of Elle Men was introduced by South China Morning Post Hearst Publications. [6] (#cite_note-6) In October 2015, Elle Man debuted in Poland from Burda International Polska. [7] (#cite_note-7) Previously, Elle Man was also published in the Czech Republic by Burda International CZ s.r.o. [8] (#cite_note-8) In March 2020, Russian edition Elle presented the first issue Elle Man by Hearst Shkulev Media. [9] (#cite_note-9) In October 2013, the launch of Elle Man in France was announced, [10] (#cite_note-10) in addition to the 11 existing international editions of Elle Man around the world, particularly in Asia. [11] (#cite_note-11) Elle Men Thailand jointly with Elle Thailand is the organizer of men's fashion week in Bangkok. [12] (#cite_note-12) Previously, in Ukraine award ceremonies and ratings also took place Elle Man Awards. [13] (#cite_note-13) See also [ edit ] List of fashion magazines (/wiki/List_of_fashion_magazines) List of men's magazines (/wiki/List_of_men%27s_magazines) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ELLE MEN - International" (https://www.lagardere-global-advertising.com/international_offer/elle-men/) . Lagardère Global Advertising . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Men's magazines make their mark" (https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2011-06/20/content_12733982.htm) . chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 2023-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Elle Men завоевывает в Китае рынок мужских журналов о моде" (http://www.uapp.org/seminars/11291.html) [Elle Men conquers the men's fashion magazine market in China]. uapp.org . Українська Асоціація Медіа Бізнесу . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ELLEMEN - Hearst.Inc" (https://www.hearst.com.cn/en/brand/ellemen/) . hearst.com.cn . Hearst Magazines China . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Powell, Chris (October 10, 2012). "TC Media launches Elle Man" (http://marketingmag.ca/media/tc-media-launches-elle-man-63625) . marketingmag.ca . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Au, Desiree (2013-11-21). "Glossy Men's Magazines Piggyback on Change" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/fashion/Glossy-Mens-Magazines-Seize-on-Change-in-Asia.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Burda wydaje luksusowy magazyn dla panów „Elle Man" (https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/burda-wydaje-luksusowy-magazyn-dla-panow-elle-man) " (https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/burda-wydaje-luksusowy-magazyn-dla-panow-elle-man) [Burda will release a luxury magazine for men "Elle Man"]. wirtualnemedia.pl (in Polish) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Už máte ELLE MAN?" (https://www.elle.cz/elleman/uz-mate-elle-man) [Do you already have ELLE MAN?]. elle.cz (in Czech) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Российский Elle запустил мужскую версию издания" (https://www.buro247.ru/news/life/13-mar-2020-elle-man-launch.html) [Russian Elle launched a men's edition]. buro247.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Guilbault, Laure (2013-09-30). "Elle Man Set to Launch in France" (https://wwd.com/business-news/media/elle-man-set-to-launch-in-france-7199422/) . wwd.com . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "ELLE MAN: new for men" (https://www.lagardere.com/en/press-release/elle-man-new-for-men/) . lagardere.com . Lagardère Groupe . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Koaysomboon, Top. "Elle Elle Men Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2016" (https://www.timeout.com/bangkok/things-to-do/elle-elle-men-fashion-week-fall-winter-2016) . Time Out Bangkok . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Рейтинг самых стильных мужчин Украины" (http://elle.ua/man/top/) [Rating of the most stylish men of Ukraine]. elle.ua (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . External links [ edit ] v t e Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) Media Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (1945–) Elle India (/wiki/Elle_(India)) (1996–) Elle Girl (/wiki/Elle_Girl) (2001–2006) Elle atTV (/wiki/Elle_atTV) (South Korea, 2010–2012) Elle Fictions (/wiki/Elle_Fictions) (Canada, 2019–) Elle Men Cover models Australia (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Australia)_cover_models) Brasil (/wiki/List_of_Elle_Brasil_(Brazil)_cover_models) Canada (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Canada)_cover_models) India (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models) Indonesia (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Elle_(Indonesia)_cover_models&action=edit&redlink=1) Kazakhstan (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Kazakhstan)_cover_models) Portugal (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Portugal)_cover_models) Quebec (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Quebec)_cover_models) Elle Girl (/wiki/List_of_Elle_Girl_cover_models) Awards Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) Elle Style Awards (Turkey) (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards_(Turkey)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐5xcx6 Cached time: 20240722010651 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.297 seconds Real time usage: 0.372 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1482/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41344/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2764/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 57086/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.204/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5584150/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 340.270 1 -total 39.04% 132.848 1 Template:Reflist 32.64% 111.079 12 Template:Cite_web 21.86% 74.373 1 Template:Elle_magazine 21.34% 72.603 1 Template:Navbox 20.81% 70.807 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 19.68% 66.972 1 Template:Infobox 16.70% 56.824 1 Template:Short_description 10.08% 34.288 2 Template:Pagetype 6.75% 22.962 2 Template:Bulleted_list Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72865688-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722010651 and revision id 1158375161. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65b65867f9‐grd6g Cached time: 20240716224043 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60708548-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716224043 and revision id 896144586. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. C British cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:British_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (14 P) E English businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:English_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 53 P) F Scottish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Scottish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 17 P) M British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) ‎ (47 P) Pages in category "British businesspeople in fashion" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . E Timothy Everest (/wiki/Timothy_Everest) F F2Freestylers (/wiki/F2Freestylers) H David Hamilton (businessman) (/wiki/David_Hamilton_(businessman)) L Michael Lewis (businessman) (/wiki/Michael_Lewis_(businessman)) M Lady Edward Manners (/wiki/Lady_Edward_Manners) Henry Moss (/wiki/Henry_Moss) P Stephanie Phair (/wiki/Stephanie_Phair) R Gavin Robinson (model agent) (/wiki/Gavin_Robinson_(model_agent)) Caroline Rush (/wiki/Caroline_Rush) S Tinchy Stryder (/wiki/Tinchy_Stryder) T Aitor Throup (/wiki/Aitor_Throup) W Magnus Walker (/wiki/Magnus_Walker) Neil Winterbotham (/wiki/Neil_Winterbotham) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896144586 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896144586) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople_by_industry) British businesspeople in retailing (/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople_in_retailing) British fashion (/wiki/Category:British_fashion) Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion)
German photographer Walde Huth Born Waldberta Huth ( 1923-01-29 ) January 29, 1923 Died November 11, 2011 (2011-11-11) (aged 88) Education State School of Applied Arts in Weimar (/wiki/Weimar) Occupation Photography (/wiki/Photography) Spouse Karl Hugo Schmölz Walde Huth (January 29, 1923 - November 11, 2011) was a German photographer, known especially for her work in the fashion industry and for her street-style composition. Early life [ edit ] Huth was born in Stuttgart (/wiki/Stuttgart) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) . At seventeen years of age, she began attending the State School of Applied Arts in Weimar (/wiki/Weimar) , [1] (#cite_note-1) where she studied under esteemed photographer and professor Walter Hege. His pupil for three years (1940-1943), Huth then began working for Agfa Wolfen, a film distribution plant contemporarily known as ORWO (/wiki/ORWO) . [2] (#cite_note-2) There, she worked until 1945 as a color photography developer. Post- World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , Huth became interested in freelance work, and started her own business alongside her husband. [3] (#cite_note-3) Huth was a member of the German Society for Photography (/wiki/German_Society_for_Photography) and the Bundesverband Bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesverband_Bildender_K%C3%BCnstlerinnen_und_K%C3%BCnstler) . Career [ edit ] Ambre – Zeitmode (1962) Fotografische Sammlung, Museum Ludwig (/wiki/Museum_Ludwig) Esslingen Gallery [ edit ] After working and learning at Agfa, Huth founded a studio of her own in Esslingen (district) (/wiki/Esslingen_(district)) , called the "Artistic Photo Workshop". Here, she would display her portrait, art, and theater photography. [4] (#cite_note-4) However, her most prized work, perhaps, was her fashion photography (/wiki/Fashion_photography) . Huth got the chance to travel the world this way, her most iconic work coming from her adventures in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) . Working out in the cities and on the streets instead of in the studio, Huth attracted a lot of attention from big-name magazines like Vogue . [5] (#cite_note-5) Working Couple [ edit ] Rejecting an offer of contract by Vogue , Huth instead co-founded "Schmölz and Huth" with her husband, Karl Hugo Schmölz. Schmölz, also a photographer, was a member of the same Photographer's society that Walde was. Perhaps due to Karl's interest in Architectural photography, the two built their business into a furniture and interior architecture and design studio. Schmölz and Huth quickly became prominent in the furnishing industry, for which it became the photography and advertising leader. [6] (#cite_note-6) The space would serve as an advertising and public relations hub in Cologne, Germany (/wiki/Cologne,_Germany) . It stayed in business until closing in 1986, and remains one of Walde Huth's biggest successes. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Walde Huth gestorben" (http://www.kunstmarkt.com/pagesmag/kunst/_id247351-/news_detail.html?_q) . kunstmarkt . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About" (http://www.orwona.com/about-us/) . Orwona . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Walde Huth Photographer" (http://www.waldehuth.de/portrait_bio_wh.php?lang=en) . Walde Huth . GmbH, Köln . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Walde Huth gestorben" (http://www.kunstmarkt.com/pagesmag/kunst/_id247351-/news_detail.html?_q) . kunstmarkt . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) von Kories, Galerie Hilaneh. "Walde Huth: Austere. Empathic. Playful" (http://www.galeriehilanehvonkories.de/en/huth/ses/) . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Curriculum Vitae" (http://www.vandergrintengalerie.com/schmoelz-vita.html) . Van Grinten Der Galerie . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Brancia, Annapaola. "Fashion Photographers: Walde Huth" (http://www.scostumista.com/2013/05/fashion-photographerswalde-huth.html) . Scostumista . Retrieved March 3, 2016 . External links [ edit ] Walde Huth Official Website (http://www.waldehuth.de/gallerie_a.php?lang=de) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1635906/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000080878550) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/8193459) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfrKBJKBX4XwFDjBtFHYP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119240327) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2006004504) Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/302518) RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/384929) ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500126036) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119240327.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65687cfdb7‐lln64 Cached time: 20240623101559 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.559 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2020/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19854/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1045/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30907/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.264/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6121188/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 532.295 1 -total 42.99% 228.829 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.26% 123.806 1 Template:Reflist 19.95% 106.203 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 19.52% 103.920 7 Template:Cite_web 17.51% 93.181 1 Template:Authority_control 15.19% 80.857 1 Template:Short_description 13.01% 69.271 1 Template:Death_date_and_age 8.58% 45.693 2 Template:Pagetype 8.06% 42.923 16 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49635707-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623101559 and revision id 1217704749. 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Eugenia Paulicelli is a professor of Italian Studies (/wiki/Italian_Studies) , Comparative Literature (/wiki/Comparative_Literature) , and Women’s Studies (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Studies) at Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) and The Graduate Center, CUNY (/wiki/Graduate_Center,_CUNY) . She is also the founder and director of the Fashion Studies Program at The Graduate Center. [1] (#cite_note-GC_bio-1) Paulicelli writes the column “Fashionology” for La Voce di New York , is a member of the advisory board for Women’s Studies Quarterly (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Studies_Quarterly) , and is on the editorial board of the academic journal Fashion, Film and Consumption. [2] (#cite_note-La_Voce-2) [3] (#cite_note-WSQ-3) As an author, she is largely collected by libraries worldwide. [4] (#cite_note-4) Biography [ edit ] Eugenia Paulicelli received her laurea from the University of Bari (/wiki/University_of_Bari) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , in semiotics (/wiki/Semiotics) and literary studies. [5] (#cite_note-Vogue-5) After completing her PhD in Italian and French at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison) , she taught in the Department of Italian Studies at Wellesley College (/wiki/Wellesley_College) in Massachusetts. She joined the faculty at Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) in 1992 as a professor in the Department of Romance Languages (/wiki/Romance_Languages) . In 1999, she was appointed to the PhD Program in Comparative Literature (/wiki/Comparative_Literature) and, in 2002, she was appointed to the Women’s Studies (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Studies) Certificate Program, also at The Graduate Center, CUNY (/wiki/Graduate_Center,_CUNY) . [1] (#cite_note-GC_bio-1) Paulicelli’s scholarly work is wide-ranging and interdisciplinary. [6] (#cite_note-QC_bio-6) Her research focuses on visual and material culture (/wiki/Material_culture) , and the relationship in literature, media, film, and fashion between the word and the image. Her research in Fashion Studies examines how fashion functions as an industry and as a symbolic force, mediated across time and space. She has taught courses on fashion cultures, film and screen media, Italian literature, and national identity. [1] (#cite_note-GC_bio-1) Additionally, she has curated several exhibitions including "The Fabric of Cultures: Fashion, Identity, Globalization," which was held at the Godwin-Ternbach Museum (/wiki/Godwin-Ternbach_Museum) at Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) in 2006 and traveled to the Museum of Craft and Folk Art in San Francisco in 2008. [1] (#cite_note-GC_bio-1) In 2010, she curated “Fashion + Film: The 1960s Revisited” held at the James Gallery at The Graduate Center, CUNY, and also in 2010 co-curated the New York edition of the “Birds of Paradise” film festival from Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) , London. [7] (#cite_note-James_Gallery-7) In 2012, she curated a film series at the Museum of the Moving Image (/wiki/Museum_of_the_Moving_Image_(New_York_City)) celebrating the centenary of Michelangelo Antonioni (/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni) ’s birth. [8] (#cite_note-MMI-8) She is a guest professor in the Fashion Studies PhD program at The University of Stockholm (/wiki/University_of_Stockholm) was awarded the Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship at the University of Bristol (/wiki/University_of_Bristol) in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-GC_bio-1) Paulicelli lives in Madison, Connecticut (/wiki/Madison,_Connecticut) with her husband, Dr. David Ward, who was also an Italian Professor at Wellesley College (/wiki/Wellesley_College) , before retiring in 2023. They married in Paulicelli's hometown, Canosa di Puglia (/wiki/Canosa_di_Puglia) , on June 11, 1994. They have one daughter, Anna, (born 1998) who attended Trinity College (/wiki/Trinity_College_(Connecticut)) . Bibliography [ edit ] The Fabric of Cultures: Systems in the Making, QCArtCenter, City University of New York, 2017, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 8826494878 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/8826494878) / 978-8826494876. [9] (#cite_note-9) Italian Style: Fashion & Film from Early Cinema to the Digital Age , Bloomsbury Academic (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic) , 2016, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1441189157 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1441189157) / 978-1441189158. [10] (#cite_note-Bloomsbury_1-10) Rosa Genoni (/wiki/Rosa_Genoni) : Fashion is a Serious Business / La moda é una cosa seria , Italy: Deleyva Editore, 2015 [11] (#cite_note-DE-11) Writing Fashion in Early Modern Italy: From Sprezzatura to Satire , Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) , 2014, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781472411709 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472411709) [12] (#cite_note-Routledge_1-12) The Fabric of Cultures: Fashion, Identity, and Globalization , Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) , 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780415775434 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415775434) / 9780415775427 [13] (#cite_note-Routledge_2-13) Fashion under Fascism: Beyond the Black Shirt , Bloomsbury Academic (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic) / Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) , 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781859737781 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859737781) [14] (#cite_note-Bloomsbury_2-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Eugenia Paulicelli" (http://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Masters-Programs/Liberal-Studies/Faculty-Bios/Eugenia-Paulicelli) . The Graduate Center . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-La_Voce_2-0) "Fashionology" (http://www.lavocedinewyork.com/column/en/fashionology/436/) . La Voce di New York . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-WSQ_3-0) "WSQ Board Members" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160302142339/http://www.feministpress.org/wsq/wsq-board-members-staff) . WSQ. Archived from the original (http://www.feministpress.org/wsq/wsq-board-members-staff) on 2 March 2016 . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Paulicelli, Eugenia" (https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr96037326/) . worldcat.org . Retrieved September 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_5-0) "Eugenia Paulicelli" (http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/focus-on/2010/11/eugenia-paulicelli) . Vogue . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-QC_bio_6-0) "Faculty" (https://www.qc.cuny.edu/Academics/Degrees/DAH/ell/Italian/Pages/Faculty.aspx) . Queens College . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-James_Gallery_7-0) "1960s Revisited" (http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2010/03/05/james-gallery-features-european-films-and-fashion-from-the-60s/) . James Gallery . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-MMI_8-0) "Antonioni Documentaries" (http://www.movingimage.us/programs/2012/04/06/detail/antonioni-documentaries/) . Museum of the Moving Image . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Events - Rosenthal Library, Queens College, CUNY" (https://library.qc.cuny.edu/information/events.php) . library.qc.cuny.edu . Retrieved 2017-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bloomsbury_1_10-0) "Italian Style (2016)" (http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/italian-style-9781441189158/) . Bloomsbury Publishing . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-DE_11-0) "Rosa Genoni" (http://www.deleyvaeditore.com/shop/la-moda-e-una-cosa-seria/) . Italy: Deleyva Editore . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Routledge_1_12-0) "Writing Fashion in Early Modern Italy" (https://www.routledge.com/products/9781472411709) . Routledge . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Routledge_2_13-0) "The Fabric of Cultures" (https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415775434) . Routledge . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bloomsbury_2_14-0) "Fashion under Fascism" (http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/fashion-under-fascism-9781859737781/) . Bloomsbury . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . External links [ edit ] Eugenia Paulicelli - Bio (http://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Masters-Programs/Liberal-Studies/Faculty-Bios/Eugenia-Paulicelli) at The Graduate Center, CUNY (/wiki/Graduate_Center,_CUNY) Eugenia Paulicelli - Bio (https://www.qc.cuny.edu/Academics/Degrees/DAH/ell/Italian/Pages/Faculty.aspx) at Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) Eugenia Paulicelli - Interview (http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/focus-on/2010/11/eugenia-paulicelli) with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) Eugenia Paulicelli - Fashionology column in La Voce di New York (http://www.lavocedinewyork.com/column/it/fashionology/436/) hide Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000011064844X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/59244496) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrgQJJrXmFQtfYbMxhpP) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7049102) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13532087f) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13532087f) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/172302862) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV154469) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007520717505171) Belgium (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14516503) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr96037326) Croatia (http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000659129&local_base=nsk10) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p297514776) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11681260?l=en) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/050487086) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xpm7c Cached time: 20240715125504 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.421 seconds Real time usage: 0.488 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1804/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30439/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 937/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 67181/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.299/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3932715/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 441.737 1 -total 38.07% 168.163 1 Template:Reflist 37.25% 164.536 1 Template:Authority_control 32.83% 145.044 14 Template:Cite_web 23.38% 103.268 5 Template:ISBN 18.24% 80.583 5 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 1.99% 8.772 16 Template:Yesno-no 1.49% 6.595 22 Template:Yesno 0.80% 3.533 6 Template:Yesno-yes 0.70% 3.104 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49524615-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715125504 and revision id 1178241449. 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Medieval European costume generally covers clothing worn in Europe from the dawn of the Middle Ages (loosely c. 350-500 AD) to the birth of modern Western fashion around 1750. Clothing popularised c. 1750 through World War II is categorised under Category:History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) . Modern clothing is categorised under Category:History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) . See also [ edit ] Category:Clothing by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_country) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6464cf4f7‐464dw Cached time: 20240707102711 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.006 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5674795-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707102711 and revision id 1212117160. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. M Mantles (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Mantles_(clothing)) ‎ (8 P) P Western plate armour (/wiki/Category:Western_plate_armour) ‎ (3 C, 67 P) V Veils (/wiki/Category:Veils) ‎ (3 C, 25 P) Pages in category "Medieval European costume" The following 72 pages are in this category, out of 72 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1100–1200 in European fashion (/wiki/1100%E2%80%931200_in_European_fashion) 1200–1300 in European fashion (/wiki/1200%E2%80%931300_in_European_fashion) 1300–1400 in European fashion (/wiki/1300%E2%80%931400_in_European_fashion) 1400–1500 in European fashion (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_European_fashion) 1500–1550 in European fashion (/wiki/1500%E2%80%931550_in_European_fashion) 1550–1600 in European fashion (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_European_fashion) 1600–1650 in Western fashion (/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_fashion) 1650–1700 in Western fashion (/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_fashion) 1700–1750 in Western fashion (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) A Anglo-Saxon dress (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_dress) Arming cap (/wiki/Arming_cap) B Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Belt (clothing) (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Bonnet (headgear) (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Braies (/wiki/Braies) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) C Cape (/wiki/Cape) Chaperon (headgear) (/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Chopine (/wiki/Chopine) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Coat (/wiki/Coat) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Cotte (/wiki/Cotte) Cowl (/wiki/Cowl) D Disc fibula (/wiki/Disc_fibula) Doublet (clothing) (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) E Early medieval European dress (/wiki/Early_medieval_European_dress) English medieval clothing (/wiki/English_medieval_clothing) G Gaberdine (/wiki/Gaberdine) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Girdle book (/wiki/Girdle_book) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Gugel (/wiki/Gugel) Guimpe (/wiki/Guimpe) H Hangaroc (/wiki/Hangaroc) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Herigaut (/wiki/Herigaut) Hood (headgear) (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Hose (clothing) (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) J Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) K Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) M Mantle (clothing) (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Medieval English wool trade (/wiki/Medieval_English_wool_trade) Miner's apron (/wiki/Miner%27s_apron) P Patten (shoe) (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pelicon (/wiki/Pelicon) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Phrygian cap (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pigache (/wiki/Pigache) Plague doctor costume (/wiki/Plague_doctor_costume) Poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) Pourpoint (/wiki/Pourpoint) S Samite (/wiki/Samite) Skirt (/wiki/Skirt) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) T Tabard (/wiki/Tabard) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) V Veil (/wiki/Veil) W Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Y Yellow badge (/wiki/Yellow_badge) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Medieval_European_costume&oldid=1212117160 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Medieval_European_costume&oldid=1212117160) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Medieval costume (/wiki/Category:Medieval_costume) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Culture of Europe (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Europe)
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ellen_Tracy) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Ellen_Tracy) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Ellen_Tracy) . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Tracy&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Ellen Tracy is a clothing (/wiki/Clothing) manufacturing company founded by Herbert Gallen (/wiki/Herbert_Gallen) in 1949. [1] (#cite_note-Accessories_Magazine-1) The company has three divisions: The Linda Allard for Ellen Tracy's signature collection of career wear. The Ellen Tracy Dresses. Company by Ellen Tracy. Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) has also produced an Ellen Tracy perfume (/wiki/Perfume) . [2] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune-2) History [ edit ] As a result of wartime rations during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) fabrics became difficult to obtain. However, Herbert Gallen (/wiki/Herbert_Gallen) was able to acquire some fabric from a friend. He produced several blouses which he took to major department stores on Manhattan's 34th Street. He sold all of the sample blouses and started a clothing line using his wife's name. Betty Barr, for the label. [3] (#cite_note-Funding_Universe-3) He opened a showroom on Third Avenue with financial backing from Mike Brewer (/wiki/Mike_Brewer) , Gallen formed a new company in 1949 which he called Ellen Tracy. [3] (#cite_note-Funding_Universe-3) In 1962, he hired recent college graduate Linda Allard as his design assistant [2] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune-2) and within two years, she was named Director of Design. The company was acquired in 2002 by Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) , Inc. and became a wholly owned subsidiary of that company. [3] (#cite_note-Funding_Universe-3) Notable dates [ edit ] In 1979, Ellen Tracy became involved in designer sportswear rather than just junior sportswear. In 1983, they added a petite division. In 1984, Linda Allard’s name was added to the Ellen Tracy label. [4] (#cite_note-Ellen-4) In 1985 the company added a dress division. In 1983, their ad campaign featured model Carol Alt (/wiki/Carol_Alt) and in 1987 it featured a young Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) . [3] (#cite_note-Funding_Universe-3) In 1991, Ellen Tracy launched the Company Ellen Tracy line to appeal to younger wearers and also offered casual weekend clothing. In the spring of 1993, they added a plus-size division. [3] (#cite_note-Funding_Universe-3) In September 2002, Herbert Gallen (/wiki/Herbert_Gallen) sold the company to Liz Claiborne, Inc. In 2010, Macy’s (/wiki/Macy%E2%80%99s) became the exclusive sportswear retailer for Ellen Tracy. The brand launched internationally in this year as well. [5] (#cite_note-Ellen_Tracy-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Accessories_Magazine_1-0) "Ellen Tracy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140629084643/http://www.accessoriesmagazine.com/52982/ellen-tracy-adds-new-licenses-extends-others#.U6pn4LHADOk) . Accessories Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.accessoriesmagazine.com/52982/ellen-tracy-adds-new-licenses-extends-others#.U6pn4LHADOk) on 29 June 2014 . Retrieved 25 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Schiro, Anne-Marie (20 November 1991). "Who Is Ellen Tracy?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-20/entertainment/9104150206_1_linda-allard-saks-fifth-avenue-garment-district) . Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-20/entertainment/9104150206_1_linda-allard-saks-fifth-avenue-garment-district) on 26 August 2014 . Retrieved 25 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Ellen Tracy, Inc. History" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/ellen-tracy-inc-history/) . Funding Universe . Retrieved 25 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ellen_4-0) "Discover the Heritage of Ellen Tracy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200129154405/http://ellentracy.com/about) . Ellen Tracy . Archived from the original (https://ellentracy.com/about) on 29 January 2020 . Retrieved 8 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ellen_Tracy_5-0) "About Ellen Tracy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140924093334/http://www.ellentracy.com/ellen-tracy-our-story.html) . Ellen Tracy. Archived from the original (http://www.ellentracy.com/ellen-tracy-our-story.html) on 24 September 2014 . Retrieved 25 June 2014 . 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Italian fashion editor Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert Engelbert at the Nita Mukesh Ambani Cultural Centre (/wiki/Nita_Mukesh_Ambani_Cultural_Centre) opening in April 2023 Born Giovanna Battaglia 26 September 1979 (43 years old) Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Nationality Italian (/wiki/Italian_people) Occupation(s) Fashion editor, creative director Spouse Oscar Engelbert Children Talitha Italia Engelbert Relatives Sara Battaglia (/wiki/Sara_Battaglia_(fashion_designer)) (sister), Antonio Battaglia (brother), Luigi Battaglia (brother), Xante Battaglia (father) Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert (born Giovanna Battaglia on 26 September 1979) is the Global Creative Director of Swarovski Group (/wiki/Swarovski) . Engelbert was born in Milan (/wiki/Milan) and studied there at the Brera Fine Arts Academy (/wiki/Brera_Fine_Arts_Academy) , where her mother is teaching sculpture and an artist. She began modelling for Dolce and Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_and_Gabbana) when she was in her late teens, but left catwalk modelling to pursue a career in styling. She worked as a stylist for fashion magazine Pig and was later taken on by Anna Dello Russo (/wiki/Anna_Dello_Russo) , who was working as Vogue' s (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) fashion editor at the time. [1] (#cite_note-grazia-1) Engelbert worked under famed editor Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) at Italian Vogue [2] (#cite_note-2) before the two worked together running Vogue Gioiello and Vogue Pelle [3] (#cite_note-3) As a stylist, Engelbert has collaborated on editorials with photographers such as Peter Lindberg, Patrick Demarchelier, Paolo Roversi and Mario Sorrenti [4] (#cite_note-4) Engelbert has also worked as a stylist with numerous global fashion brands including Carolina Herrera, Michael Kors and Dolce & Gabbana [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2011 Engelbert moved to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) to work for fashion magazine W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) ; she gained a following as a street style icon after she was photographed for Scott Schuman (/wiki/Scott_Schuman) 's new blog The Sartorialist (/wiki/The_Sartorialist) . [1] (#cite_note-grazia-1) As a Creative Director, Engelbert has worked on immersive theatre production Queen of the Night at The Diamond Horseshoe (/wiki/Sony_Hall) [6] (#cite_note-6) as well as a series of campaign videos for Tory Burch [7] (#cite_note-7) From 2016, Engelbert began working with glass producer and jeweller Swarovski as a creative director of the company's B2B division. [8] (#cite_note-8) In this same period, Engelbert also launched two book titles for the company, the first, the Swarovski Book of Dreams Vol I , in September 2018 with a second volume of the title published in February 2019. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) She had similarly authored a book focussed on her work within the fashion industry, 2017's Gio_graphy: Fun in The Wild World of Fashion . [11] (#cite_note-telegraph-11) [12] (#cite_note-W-12) [13] (#cite_note-wwd-13) In 2020, Engelbert would be further promoted and named as the Global Creative Director of Swarovski Group, the first so-named person in the company's 125-year history. [14] (#cite_note-VogueMay2020-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Her influence throughout the company broadened, she would oversee a changed brand identity and the relaunch of 27 separate Swarovski boutiques globally. [16] (#cite_note-16) Engelbert has also tapped Swarovski scion, Marina Raphael (/wiki/Marina_Raphael) , to design and develop the company's first handbag line. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) The first of Engelbert's own collections for the Austrian company to be released in her new, expanded role, named Collection One , was launched in February 2021; Engelbert described it as having been inspired by both her personal style and archival designs by Swarovski founder Daniel Swarovski (/wiki/Daniel_Swarovski) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Her second collection, Collection II , was released in September of the same year drawing on the Austrian arts and crafts movement (/wiki/Arts_and_crafts_movement) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Personal life [ edit ] In 2016, she married Oscar Engelbert, a property developer (/wiki/Property_developer) , in Capri (/wiki/Capri) . [1] (#cite_note-grazia-1) [22] (#cite_note-fot-22) In 2019, the couple had a daughter, Talitha Italia Engelbert. [23] (#cite_note-23) The family lives in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) . She also has another daughter, Elvira Engelbert, who was born in 2006 before the couple wed. Engelbert has four siblings including designer Sara Battaglia (/wiki/Sara_Battaglia_(fashion_designer)) . [1] (#cite_note-grazia-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Who Is Giovanna Battaglia?" (https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/bat-gio/) . Grazia Magazine . Retrieved 26 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "How Fashion Editor, Creative Director, & Style Icon Giovanna Battaglia Built Her Career" (http://www.makingmanhattan.com/blog/career/giovanna-battaglia-interview) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) https://thedollaandrea.com/2017/10/31/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert/ (https://thedollaandrea.com/2017/10/31/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert/) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) https://www.pressreader.com/@nickname11466071/csb_5xDTyB1MAub4XcwlpHklTkE4huvt0-xC4-XFQ4gfBrxGTL1EepN9oyJtzUFI-ADn (https://www.pressreader.com/@nickname11466071/csb_5xDTyB1MAub4XcwlpHklTkE4huvt0-xC4-XFQ4gfBrxGTL1EepN9oyJtzUFI-ADn) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) https://www.bikiniluxe.com/blogs/fashion-blog/giovanna-englebert (https://www.bikiniluxe.com/blogs/fashion-blog/giovanna-englebert) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) "A New York theatrical dinner Queen of the Night mixes decay with glamour – Behind the Scenes NYC (BTSNYC)" (https://www.behindthescenesnyc.com/new-york-theatrical-dinner-queen-of-the-night/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tory Burch Debuts New Holiday Campaign with Jessica Hart" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/tory-burch-debuts-new-holiday-campaign-with-jessica-hart) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Swarovski Manufaktur opens, finally, in Austria" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Swarovski-Manufaktur-opens-finally-in-Austria,1027700.html#.XIo_hDP7Su4) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Swarovski Hosts a Party for the Book of Dreams in a Fantastical Setting" (https://www.vogue.com/article/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert-swarovski-book-of-dreams-milan-fashion-week-party) . 21 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Giovanna Engelbert and Markus Langes-Swarovski Host a Sparkling Cocktail Party for the Launch of Book of Dreams, Volume 2" (https://www.vogue.com/article/book-of-dreams-volume-2-book-launch) . March 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-telegraph_11-0) Gowans-Eglinton, Charles (12 October 2017). "Meet Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert, the woman with the wardrobe everyone wants" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/meet-giovanna-battaglia-engelbert-woman-leading-fantasy-fashion/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 26 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-W_12-0) Lawrence, Vanessa. "How Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert Built Her Career" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert-book-giography-rizzoli) . W Magazine . Retrieved 26 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwd_13-0) Turra, Alessandra (8 November 2017). "Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert Brings 'Gio_Graphy' Book to Milan" (http://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert-brings-gio_graphy-book-milan-11044419/) . WWD . Retrieved 28 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-VogueMay2020_14-0) Yotka, Steff (18 May 2020). "Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert Joins Swarovski as Creative Director" (https://www.vogue.com/article/giovanna-battaglia-engelbert-joins-swarovski-as-creative-director) . Vogue . Retrieved 22 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (2020-05-19). "Swarovski appoints its first-ever company-wide creative director" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/swarovski-appoints-its-first-ever-company-wide-creative-director/2020051948989) . fashionunited.uk . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Nawawi, Nikita (16 March 2021). "Swarovski opens new chapter with Wonderlab by Giovanna Engelbert" (https://www.lofficielmalaysia.com/jewellery-watches/swarovski-opens-new-chapter-with-wonderlab-by-giovanna-engelbert) . L’Officiel Malaysia . Retrieved 23 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Davis, Dominic-Madori (17 May 2021). "Swarovski crystal heiress Marina Raphael explains how she achieved record-breaking sales by selling smaller handbags, donating to charity, and using snail mail to reach customers" (https://www.businessinsider.com/marina-raphael-talks-her-companys-stellar-year-interview-2021-3) . Business Insider . Retrieved 23 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Beghelli, Chiara (5 March 2021). "Swarovski vira verso il lusso e non esclude più la Borsa". Il Sole 24 . Milan. p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Liao, Marina (15 February 2021). "Swarovski Debuts Creative Director Giovanna Engelbert's First Collection For The Brand" (https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/swarovski-wonderlab-collection-one-giovanna-battaglia-engelbert) . The Zoe Report . Retrieved 22 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Royce, Aaron (17 May 2021). "Swarovski's Giovanna Engelbert Talks Jewelry, Inspiration, And More!" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/giovanna-engelbert-talks-quarantine-style-and-designing-for-swarovski/) . The Daily Front Row . Retrieved 22 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Diaz, Michelle (8 September 2021). "Swarovski Reveals A Fresh New Look With Collection II" (https://vmagazine.com/article/swarovski-reveals-a-fresh-new-look-with-collection-ii/) . The Daily Front Row . Retrieved 23 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-fot_22-0) "Who is Giovanna Battaglia" (http://fulloftaste.com/giovanna-battaglia/) . Full Of Taste. 8 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Giovanna Battaglia Engelbert Has Given Birth to Her First Child" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/giovanna-battaglia-englebert-gives-birth-to-first-child-baby/) . W Magazine | Women's Fashion & Celebrity News . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . 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Method of handling shipping & sampling processes of organisations who manufacture offshore. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_Fit) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fast_Fit) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Fast Fit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fast+Fit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fast+Fit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fast+Fit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fast+Fit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fast+Fit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fast+Fit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_Fit&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ' Fast fit' (often capitalized and written as Fast Fit,) refers to a method of handling the shipping (/wiki/Freight_transport) and sampling processes typical of multinational organizations who primarily manufacture offshore, specifically in the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and textile (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) industry. The Fast Fit philosophy centers on the sharing of 360-degree, annotatable images intended to reduce the costs and lead times associated with shipping physical samples. The term is particularly prevalent among companies that fit the Fast Fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) model, as Fast Fit is considered to be a vital component in the reduction of time between design inspiration and final production of a garment or product. Philosophy [ edit ] Relationship to Fast Fashion [ edit ] The goal of Fast Fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) (a philosophy that drives high street retailers and brands like Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , Benetton (/wiki/Benetton_Group) , American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) and Peacocks) is to create demand for – and deliver to market – garments "closer to trend" and at a lower price point than was possible using traditional design, sampling, manufacturing and logistics methods. This is typically achieved through a combination of technology, supply chain agility (/wiki/Supply_chain) , inventory monitoring and replenishment. The Fast Fashion model, with its emphasis on the rapid release of mini-collections, can only operate when superlative efficiency is achieved at each stage of the product development process. According to recent research, garment quality and cost are still the primary factors in consumers buying decisions, [1] (#cite_note-1) and while catwalk-inspired designs may seem to appear quickly on store shelves under the Fast Fashion model, each garment or accessory is required to undergo the same iterative sampling, fitting, quality assurance and pricing processes as it would under any other model. Traditionally, those processes are handled by the physical shipping of sample garments from one continent to another. The Fast Fit philosophy is intended to replace at least a portion of this costly and time-consuming process with detailed, 360-degree images of those samples, recognizing the fact that images are the most universal and efficient form of communication. Shein, Temu and other fast fashion brands related to its production and Fast Fit. The items in these fast fashion brands, are cheaper, tend to have low-cost material, and are produced at an accelerated fast rate. This clothing is always trending and is produced extremely quickly. These clothes do undergo the same production process as other more "expensive" clothing although it is at a rapid speed and is often associated with controversy and negativity. This controversy comes from the workers producing and making these clothing being overworked and underpaid. Fast fashion brands continue to produce low-quality, cheap clothing rapidly and it continues to be controversial for multiple reasons including working conditions, quality, and sustainability. International manufacture and collaboration [ edit ] With the rise of offshore manufacture and distributed working, the cost and time implications of traditional fitting and sampling processes have become increasingly ill-suited to the industrial and commercial requirements of the Fast Fashion model. Fast Fit is designed to be the most efficient method of fitting, sampling and international collaboration – delivering for each process lead time and cost savings comparable to those seen in design, manufacture and logistics under the Fast Fashion model. By reducing the need for international sample shipping – replacing it with a centralized, platform-agnostic database of 360-degree, annotatable images, Fast Fit aims to reduce the traditional 4-9 month product cycle seen under traditional methods to 4–8 weeks. The Luxury Market & Unique Projects [ edit ] While Fast Fit is used as a component of the Fast Fashion model, the methodology is also suited to the development of different collections that do not fit the mini-season, rapid replenishment definition that is typical of that model. As seen in Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) 's adoption of the FastFit360 solution [2] (#cite_note-2) for the creation of its Olympic Collection, (the brand being tasked with the design of Team USA's uniforms for the 2012 Olympics,) the benefits of analyzing and annotating comprehensive, detailed product images are as applicable to long-term projects with meticulous quality requirements as they are to the rapid creation of new, short-term styles for the consumer market. The History [ edit ] Although Spanish-headquartered chain Zara is often held as the model for Fast Fashion (manufacturing more than 30,000 units each year, and delivering to 1,600 stores in 58 countries), [3] (#cite_note-3) the company actually conducts their own design and production at a complex in La Coruna, Spain. [4] (#cite_note-4) This is in contrast to many brands and manufacturers, who moved the bulk of their manufacturing offshore in the first decade of the twenty-first century and today conduct manufacturing in a wide variety of locations. As of 2008, the world's most prominent manufacturers and exporters of apparel were China, the twenty-seven countries comprising the EU, Turkey, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. [5] (#cite_note-5) This trend arose as a method of reducing the cost of manufacturing garments, and followed the founding of what had become known as the Quick Response method. Quick Response (/wiki/Quick_Response) was intended to protect the domestic manufacturing industries of the US and Europe when it was established in the 1980s. A far-reaching term, it encompassed a variety of methods that were designed to reduce the lead time of products manufactured within those domestic markets. Today those same methods – adapted in some cases - have become the cornerstones of Fast Fashion. As of 2012, a larger portion of manufacture is undertaken domestically, but the largest and highest-profiled retailers and brands still source from a mixture of international and domestic partners – whether or not they fit the Fast Fashion model. This has given rise to a complex situation whereby fashion is inspired and designed domestically, manufactured by partners who are variously located domestically or offshore (with the associated language and customs difficulties this entails), before being imported and sold to the domestic market. As a result, the savings derived from working internationally are, for many brands, being outweighed by the new costs of shipping garment samples from one continent to another. As a way of reducing these costs, teams on opposite sides of the world had, by 2005, begun to share images rather than physical samples where possible, but the quality of these varied wildly and there was little in the way of standardization. It was in that landscape of offshore manufacturing and inconsistent visual communication that the first Fast Fit solution, dubbed FastFit360, was developed by Nevada-based Visuals In Motion. The company identified the need for an accurate, consistent way for multinational teams to collaborate on the design and creation of garments and products. Initially the company's software focused on that need - allowing designers and garment technicians to share and annotate 360-degree images of their samples (the essence of Fast Fit), but in 2009 Visuals In Motion spearheaded its development into a cloud-based, social platform that has driven adoption of the Fast Fit model in both the luxury and Fast Fashion markets. [6] (#cite_note-6) Traditional Production and Sampling Process [ edit ] Irrespective of the production model under which they are created, all products in the apparel industry undergo a similar cycle: Inspiration is gleaned from catwalk shows, design-led publications, competitors and other industry sources; Design and garment-technical work is undertaken in-house or by designated freelance contractors; The resulting industrialized design is then put out to tender (using what is called a tech pack), with several supply chain partners being given the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to produce the garment to the desired standard and at an acceptable cost; The selected manufacturer then begins the iterative process of constructing samples, shipping those samples to the brand's designed office until one is approved for final production; Finally, logistics partners deliver the garment to stores or to intermediary warehouses, where quality assurance typically takes place. Under the traditional model, garments and lines are compiled into fixed inventories for a particular season before delivery to store; the price of those garments is fixed, and remains relatively static until clearance-sale markdowns are employed to make way for new stock. [7] (#cite_note-7) The Fast Fashion model is more flexible, and the concept of seasons is often sub-divided, with mini-collections being delivered to stores on a more regular basis. This is designed to mitigate some of the impact of season-ending clearance sales (and the associated markdown cost implications). [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The Value of Fast Fashion: Quick Response, Enhanced Design, and Strategic Consumer Behavior - Cachon & Swinney (http://www.stanford.edu/~swinney/FastFashion.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Ralph Lauren uses FastFit360 for 2012 Olympic Collection - WhichPLM" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120626105723/http://www.whichplm.com/news/ralph-lauren-uses-fastfit360-for-2012-olympic-collection.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.whichplm.com/news/ralph-lauren-uses-fastfit360-for-2012-olympic-collection.html) on 2012-06-26 . Retrieved 2012-04-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fast Fashion - Wikipedia (/wiki/Fast_fashion) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Facts About Fast Fashion - The Alexander Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101222160936/http://thealexanderreport.com/fast-fashion-facts/) . Archived from the original (http://thealexanderreport.com/fast-fashion-facts/) on 2010-12-22 . Retrieved 2012-04-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis, Gereffi & Frederick (http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/04/27/000158349_20100427111841/Rendered/PDF/WPS5281.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "FastFit360 website - About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120506014540/http://www.fastfit360.com/new/about-us/about-us) . Archived from the original (http://www.fastfit360.com/new/about-us/about-us) on 2012-05-06 . Retrieved 2012-04-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) The Value of Fast Fashion: Quick Response, Enhanced Design, and Strategic Consumer Behavior - Cachon & Swinney (http://www.stanford.edu/~swinney/FastFashion.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-8) The Value of Fast Fashion: Quick Response, Enhanced Design, and Strategic Consumer Behavior - Cachon & Swinney (http://www.stanford.edu/~swinney/FastFashion.pdf) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐5fc7b8464c‐95b9k Cached time: 20240709103305 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.350 seconds Real time usage: 0.455 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 707/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43366/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10277/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18818/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.245/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3975482/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 411.969 1 -total 58.44% 240.747 3 Template:Ambox 38.23% 157.514 1 Template:Multiple_issues 36.69% 151.152 3 Template:Cite_web 26.20% 107.943 1 Template:Notability 23.18% 95.500 1 Template:Short_description 13.49% 55.581 2 Template:Pagetype 5.19% 21.372 3 Template:Main_other 4.43% 18.269 1 Template:SDcat 3.77% 15.544 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35646477-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709103305 and revision id 1217778942. 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Anni Schaad (born Lang; 10 December 1911 – 20 December 1988) founded the German jewelry making company langani . [1] (#cite_note-MoroGinger-1) Biography [ edit ] Schaad was born in Stuttgart (/wiki/Stuttgart) , the daughter of the painter and designer Paul Lang and the textile designer Minna Lang-Kurz. Her sister, the renowned fashion photographer Regina Relang (/wiki/Regina_Relang) , provided many of the most iconic images of langani jewelry. [2] (#cite_note-2) Anni Schaad was married to the German director editor, Rudolf Schaad (/wiki/Rudolf_Schaad) . Schaad studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule (/wiki/Kunstgewerbeschule) in Stuttgart and in Vienna at the Wiener Werkstätte (/wiki/Wiener_Werkst%C3%A4tte) with Josef Hoffmann (/wiki/Josef_Hoffmann) . [1] (#cite_note-MoroGinger-1) In 1952, she founded a jewellery company, which she eventually named "langani", a combination of her given and maiden names. [3] (#cite_note-3) Her first commercial success came at the 1952 Frankfurt Fair (/wiki/Messe_Frankfurt) . Between 1969 and 1989 she worked with Louis Feraud (/wiki/Louis_Feraud) , Paris, and designed the jewelry for his haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) and ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) fashion shows. [4] (#cite_note-4) langani continues to produce fashion jewelry in Stuttgart, Germany. Schaad is said to have invented the "floating bead" technique in which beads (/wiki/Bead) are strung on nylon threads so that they appear to be dancing on the skin, but no patent was ever filed. [5] (#cite_note-5) She died in Stuttgart. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Moro, Ginger (1995). European designer jewelry . Schiffer Publishing. p. 136. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0887408230 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Frauenobjektiv: Fotografinnen 1940 bis 1950 (in German). Wienand Verlag. 2001. p. 139. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3879097526 . - Ruelfs, Esther; Pohlmann, Ulrich (2005). Die elegante Welt der Regina Relang: mode- und reportagefotografien (in German). Hatje Cantz. p. 276. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3775715886 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ein Tanz der Perlen durch vier Jahrzehnte" (http://www.textilwirtschaft.de/suche/show.php?ids%5b%5d=398354) . TextilWirtschaft (in German). 23 May 1996. p. 88 . Retrieved 25 September 2015 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) Moro, Ginger (1995). European designer jewelry . Schiffer Publishing. p. 138. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0887408230 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Die langani-Historie" (https://www.langani.de/historie-langani#emotion--start) (in German). langani . Retrieved 4 December 2022 . External links [ edit ] langani website (http://www.langani.de/en) hide Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/249203539) 2 (https://viaf.org/viaf/280129710) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjJg9k3JGYjHFgh7hgdyBd) 2 (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8rd8V9xFgvKwwjPGmBP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/17423564X) 2 (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1028842295) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014006319) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1028842295.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐687d5b87c4‐xkbmt Cached time: 20240709223234 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.251 seconds Real time usage: 0.313 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 507/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15925/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 689/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26323/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3756609/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 291.906 1 -total 65.05% 189.876 1 Template:Reflist 39.58% 115.524 4 Template:Cite_book 34.92% 101.943 1 Template:Authority_control 15.14% 44.186 1 Template:Dead_link 13.50% 39.403 1 Template:Fix 11.46% 33.449 2 Template:Category_handler 3.57% 10.412 2 Template:Cite_web 2.07% 6.039 1 Template:Fix/category 0.79% 2.315 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28303757-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709223234 and revision id 1141904266. 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Italian fashion brand Miss Sixty Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 1991 Founder Wicky Hassan Headquarters Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) , China (/wiki/China) Area served Worldwide Products Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Owner Trendy International [1] (#cite_note-1) Website Miss Sixty.com (http://www.misssixty.com) Miss Sixty (stylized as MISS SIXTY or MISS 60 ) is an Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) brand specializing in denim ready-to-wear and fashion accessories. History [ edit ] Wicky Hassan founded Miss Sixty in 1991. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In 2000, they launched their own line of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , followed by eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) in 2002 and children's clothing in 2004. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2010, Miss Sixty closed half of their 20 remaining stores in the US following the closure of two stores the previous year. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2012, it was acquired by a Chinese company Trendy International Group. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Trendy International [ edit ] Trendy International is a Chinese fashion house founded in 1999, owns domestic women's brands Ochirly and Five Plus as well as male casualwear line Trendiano. [5] (#cite_note-5) The Chinese fashion group is present in more than 290 cities around the world and operates more than 3,000 shops, according to its website. In 2015, Trendy International set up a joint venture with U.K. clothing chain SuperGroup Plc to expand the “Superdry” brand into China. [6] (#cite_note-6) Locations [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Sixty&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2021 ) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "TRENDY GROUP" (http://www.trendy-global.com/e/index.shtml) . www.trendy-global.com . Retrieved 2 September 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Brands: How Miss Sixty plans to conquer Europe" (https://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/Brands-How-Miss-Sixty-plans-to-conquer-Europe-14988) . sportswear-international.com . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Miss Sixty on FASHION NET" (https://www.fashion.net/miss-sixty) . www.fashion.net . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Edelson, Sharon (2010-04-22). "Miss Sixty to Shutter 10 U.S. Stores" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/miss-sixty-to-shutter-10-u-s-stores-3048540/) . WWD . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Miss Sixty's Chinese Owner Plans IPO at $5 Billion Value" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-22/miss-sixty-s-chinese-owner-said-to-plan-ipo-at-5-billion-value) . Bloomberg.com . 2016-07-22 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sixty entra nell'orbita cinese" (http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/economia/2011-12-16/sixty-entra-orbita-cinese-215316.shtml?uuid=Aawf81UE) . Il Sole 24 ORE . Retrieved 2 September 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.misssixty.com) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miss Sixty (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miss_Sixty) . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Kazakh model and blogger (born 1995) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Dinara_Rakhimbaeva&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Dinara+Rakhimbaeva&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Dinara+Rakhimbaeva) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Dinara_Rakhimbaeva) for suggestions. ( November 2022 ) Dinara Rakhimbaeva Born ( 1995-01-27 ) January 27, 1995 (age 29) Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) Nationality Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) Modeling information Height 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) Dinara Rakhimbaeva ( Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_language) : Dinara Vitalievna Rahimbaeva , born January 27, 1995, in Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) ) is a Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakhs) model and blogger (/wiki/Blogger) . Biography [ edit ] Dinara Rakhimbaeva was born on January 27, 1995, in Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) to a Russian (/wiki/Russia) father and a Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakhs) mother. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Dinara is the eldest of three children. She has a sister, Islana, and a brother, Zhangir. Rakhimbaeva graduated from the Lyceum (/wiki/Lyceum) Number 134 of Almaty. In 2017 she graduated from the University of Nottingham (/wiki/University_of_Nottingham_Ningbo_China) with a degree in Finance (/wiki/Finance) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Since creating an Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) profile in August 2015, Rakhimbaeva has become a popular social media influencer (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) , gaining over 487,000 followers. [5] (#cite_note-5) Rakhimbaeva became known for her appearance and figure, especially her narrow waist, [6] (#cite_note-6) for which she has been labelled the "Barbie Of Kazakhstan" in the media. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The model is 5-foot 9-inch with a 22-inch waist and weighing 7 stone. [13] (#cite_note-auto-13) In 2017, her photoshoot (/wiki/Photo_shoot) for the Kazakh underwear brand Bite Me Lingerie, published in the pages of L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) Kazakhstan magazine, received harsh criticism from the Muslim (/wiki/Muslim_world) population and was intensely covered in the media of Kazakhstan [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) and several other countries. [13] (#cite_note-auto-13) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Rakhimbaeva later hit out at critics saying "Why are you so mean? There is so much hate directed towards me but I did not do nothing to you. I would like to wish you all happiness and love." [13] (#cite_note-auto-13) In 2018, Rakhimbaeva posed for the Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health) Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) magazine. [22] (#cite_note-22) She also played in the Christmas Comedy "Kelinka is also a human 2". [23] (#cite_note-23) In March 2019, she was posted a nude photoshoot on her Instagram. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Динара Рахимбаева показала свою маму" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190414021506/https://cosmo.kz/dinara-rahimbaeva-pokazala-svoyu-mamu/) (in Russian). Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) Kazakhstan. 2019-01-08. Archived from the original (https://cosmo.kz/dinara-rahimbaeva-pokazala-svoyu-mamu/) on 2019-04-14. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Динара Рахимбаева отвечает на google-запросы" (https://harpersbazaar.kz/dinara-rakhimbaeva-google-zaprosy/) (in Russian). Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%E2%80%99s_Bazaar) Kazakhstan. 2019-03-25. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Казахстанская "Барби" учится на финансиста и знает иностранные языки" (https://mix.tn.kz/mixnews/kazahstanskaya-barbi-uchitsya-finansista-znaet-inostrannyie-292746/) (in Russian). Микс. 2016-04-16. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Динара RKH: "Мне хотелось быть похожей на девушек с обложек журналов" (http://hommes.kz/blog/2017/06/02/dinara-rahimbaeva/) " (http://hommes.kz/blog/2017/06/02/dinara-rahimbaeva/) (in Russian). Hommes. 2017-06-02. [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Казахская Барби взорвала Instagram" (https://365info.kz/2017/03/kazahskaya-barbi-vzorvala-instagram) (in Russian). Богдан Семёнов. 2017-03-01. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ксения Викторова (2018-05-18). "Модели пересчитали все ребра" (https://express-k.kz/news/moda/modeli_pereschitali_vse_rebra-121804) (in Russian). Ekspress-K (/wiki/Ekspress-K) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Динара Айбасова (2016-06-21). "Казахстанская "Барби" Динара Рахимбаева: Этот образ мне навязали" (https://tengrinews.kz/tv/novosti/obschestvo/6880/) (in Russian). Tengrinews.kz. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "В сеть попали откровенные фото "казахстанской Барби" (https://rian.com.ua/photolents/20171212/1030335289/foto-kazahstanskoy-barbi_1030334028.html) " (https://rian.com.ua/photolents/20171212/1030335289/foto-kazahstanskoy-barbi_1030334028.html) (in Russian). RIA Novosti (/wiki/RIA_Novosti) . 2017-12-12. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Владимир Прокопенко (2017-12-13). "Казахстанская "Барби" Динара Рахимбаева в проекте The Эфир - о лицемерном уяте и мужчинах-изменниках" (https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/kazahstanskaya-barbi-dinara-rahimbaeva-proekte-The-efir-333082/) (in Russian). Tengrinews.kz. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Уят емес. Выпуск 2. Динара Рахимбаева" (https://vintage.kz/uyat-dinara-rahimbaeva/) (in Russian). Vintage. 2018-02-10. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Казахстанская Барби Динара Рахимбаева: "Хирургия идет вперед, делая нам жизнь проще" (https://www.zakon.kz/4926936-kazahstanskaya-barbi-dinara-rahimbaeva.html) " (https://www.zakon.kz/4926936-kazahstanskaya-barbi-dinara-rahimbaeva.html) (in Russian). zakon.kz. 2018-07-06. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Мариям Лукпанова (2018-07-08). "Клиентами пластических хирургов в Казахстане становятся все больше подростков" (https://1tv.kz/klientami-plasticheskih-hirurgov-v-kazahstane-stanovyatsya-vse-bolshe-podrostkov/) (in Russian). Channel One Eurasia (/wiki/Channel_One_Eurasia) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lion, Patrick (2017-01-05). "British student dubbed 'Kazakhstan Barbie' defies Muslim critics with sexy snaps" (http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/student-nicknamed-kazakhstan-barbie-hits-9571135) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . Retrieved 2021-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Асель Акимбекова (2017-01-03). "Фотосессия модели в нижнем белье для журнала L'Officiel Kazakhstan вызвала скандал в Казахстане" (http://lofficiel.kz/blog/2017/01/03/fotosessiya-v-nizhnem-bele-dlya-zhurnala-lofficiel-kazakhstan-vyzvala-skandal-v-kazahstane/) (in Russian). L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) Kazakhstan. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Асель Акимбекова (2017-01-13). "Казахстанская Барби: история Динары Рахимбаевой" (http://lofficiel.kz/blog/2017/01/13/kazahstanskaya-barbi-istoriya-dinary-rahimbaevoj/) (in Russian). L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) Kazakhstan. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Смелая фотосессия "казахстанской барби" спровоцировала скандал" (https://www.nur.kz/1366897-smelaya-fotosessiya-kazakhstanskoy-ba.html) (in Russian). nur.kz. 2017-01-05. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Казахстанскую Барби раскритиковали за откровенную фотосессию" (https://www.caravan.kz/news/kazakhstanskuyu-barbi-raskritikovali-za-otkrovennuyu-fotosessiyu-388518/) (in Russian). Караван. 2017-01-05. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Светлана Абдрашитова (2017-01-18). "Мораль сей Барби такова..." (https://express-k.kz/news/kultura/moral_sey_barbi_takova_-92515) (in Russian). Ekspress-K (/wiki/Ekspress-K) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "कंट्रोवर्सियल PHOTO के कारण पर रही हैं गालियां, लड़की ने दिया यूं जवाब" (https://www.bhaskar.com/news/KZHK-girls-target-on-social-media-due-to-her-controversial-photo-news-hindi-5498749-PHO.html) (in Hindi). Dainik Bhaskar (/wiki/Dainik_Bhaskar) . 2017-01-06. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Вы только посмотрите: снимки живой Барби из Казахстана спровоцировали скандал в Сети" (https://limon.postimees.ee/3970983/vy-tolko-posmotrite-snimki-zhivoy-barbi-iz-kazahstana-sprovocirovali-skandal-v-seti) (in Russian). Postimees (/wiki/Postimees) . 2017-01-06. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "ФОТО: Казахская "Барби" рассердила мусульман откровенными снимками" (https://www.delfi.lv/showtime/news/assorts/news/foto-kazahskaya-barbi-rasserdila-musulman-otkrovennymi-snimkami.d?id=48393213) (in Russian). Delfi (/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)) . 2017-01-10. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Казахстанская "Барби" поразила новыми образами" (https://rian.com.ua/photolents/20180208/1032114510/Kazahstan-Barbie-obrazy.html) (in Russian). RIA Novosti (/wiki/RIA_Novosti) . 2018-02-08. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Надежда Пляскина (2019-01-14). "Дубль два" (https://time.kz/articles/grim/2019/01/14/dubl-dva) (in Russian). Время. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Клара Киясова (2019-03-18). "Казахстанская "Барби" разделась догола" (https://365info.kz/2019/03/kazahstanskaya-barbi-razdelas-dogola) (in Russian). 365info.kz. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Абсолютно голая Динара Рахимбаева шокировала поклонников (18+)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201109021358/https://cosmo.kz/absolyutno-golaya-dinara-rahimbaeva-shokirovala-poklonnikov-18/) (in Russian). Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) Kazakhstan. 2019-03-18. Archived from the original (https://cosmo.kz/absolyutno-golaya-dinara-rahimbaeva-shokirovala-poklonnikov-18/) on 2020-11-09. External links [ edit ] Dinara Rakhimbaeva (https://www.instagram.com/dinara_rkh/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐b48d648fb‐rn9qg Cached time: 20240722021110 Cache expiry: 856131 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.504 seconds Real time usage: 0.658 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3261/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 73266/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3769/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 102832/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.382/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 27316888/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 630.820 1 -total 33.23% 209.620 1 Template:Infobox_model 30.47% 192.233 1 Template:Reflist 25.28% 159.448 25 Template:Cite_web 13.08% 82.500 1 Template:Lang-kk 10.53% 66.436 1 Template:Short_description 9.58% 60.435 1 Template:Infobox 8.85% 55.819 1 Template:Orphan 8.06% 50.839 1 Template:Draft_other 7.76% 48.963 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60499682-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722021110 and revision id 1202171722. 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French creative director and designer (born 1980) Julia Roitfeld Roitfeld in 2018 Born ( 1980-11-12 ) 12 November 1980 (age 43) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Alma mater Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) Occupations Creative director designer Partner Tim Wheeler (/wiki/Tim_Wheeler) (2018–present) Children 2 Parent Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) Relatives Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld (/wiki/Vladimir_Restoin_Roitfeld) (brother) Julia Restoin Roitfeld (born 12 November 1980) is a French creative director and designer, based between New York City and London. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is the daughter of Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) and Christian Restoin. [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Roitfeld was born in Paris to Christian Restoin, founder of fashion label, Equipment (/wiki/Equipment_(clothing_brand)) , and Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) a fashion editor. [3] (#cite_note-nymag.com-3) Her younger brother Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld (/wiki/Vladimir_Restoin_Roitfeld) is an art dealer. As a child, Roitfeld took piano, dance, and horseback riding classes. [4] (#cite_note-4) At age 14, she got an internship at British magazine The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) She attended Parsons Paris (/wiki/Parsons_Paris) until 2004, when she moved to New York City to intern at design firm Baron & Baron. Shortly after, she transferred her credits to Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) , graduating in 2006 with a BBA in Design Management. During that time she also had an internship at Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) 's studio. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Roitfeld has been dating songwriter, singer and guitarist for Northern Irish alternative rock (/wiki/Alternative_rock) band Ash (/wiki/Ash_(band)) , Tim Wheeler (/wiki/Tim_Wheeler) , since 2018 . On September 9, 2021, they announced via Instagram that they were expecting a baby together. [9] (#cite_note-9) In February 2022, they announced the birth of their son George. [10] (#cite_note-10) Roitfeld also had another child with previous partner Robert Konjic, a daughter named Romy, born in May 2012. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Julia Restoin Roitfeld expecting a baby - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8889406/Julia-Restoin-Roitfeld-expecting-a-baby.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The 10 best dressed" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130609075214/http://www.matchesfashion.com/womens/the-style-report/top-10-dressed) . Matches Fashion. Archived from the original (http://www.matchesfashion.com/womens/the-style-report/top-10-dressed) on 2013-06-09 . Retrieved 2013-05-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-nymag.com_3-0) "The Anti-Anna." (https://nymag.com/fashion/08/spring/44215/index2.html) New York magazine. Spring Fashion report for 2008. (https://nymag.com/fashion/08/spring/44215/index2.html) ^ (#cite_ref-4) " (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8352645/Fashion-has-to-change-Julia-Restoin-Roitfeld-interview.html) 'Fashion has to change': Julia Restoin-Roitfeld interview" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8352645/Fashion-has-to-change-Julia-Restoin-Roitfeld-interview.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . March 9, 2011 . Retrieved December 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Julia Restoin Roitfeld Is Bringing Back The Art of Dressing Up" (https://www.countryandtownhouse.com/style/fashion/julia-restoin-roitfeld-collaborates-with-herve-leger/) . Country and Town House . May 7, 2021 . Retrieved December 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Parsons - Julia Restoin-Roitfeld's Favorites" (http://www.iwanttobearoitfeld.com/julia-restoin-roitfelds-favori/2009/9/27/parsons.html) . September 27, 2009 . Retrieved December 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Julia Restoin Roitfeld on single motherhood, growing her empire, and why 'French women don't breastfeed' (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/julia-restoin-roitfeld-on-single-motherhood-growing-her-empire-and-why-french-women-don-t-breastfeed-a3323016.html) " (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/julia-restoin-roitfeld-on-single-motherhood-growing-her-empire-and-why-french-women-don-t-breastfeed-a3323016.html) . The Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . August 18, 2016 . Retrieved December 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "My life in fashion: Julia Restoin Roitfeld" (https://archive.today/20211128161957/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-life-in-fashion-julia-restoin-roitfeld-6jbk7v6jl7m) . The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . November 29, 2006. Archived from the original (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-life-in-fashion-julia-restoin-roitfeld-6jbk7v6jl7m) on November 28, 2021 . Retrieved December 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Model Julia Restoin Roitfeld Is Pregnant with Second Child: 'Our Hearts Are Full' (https://people.com/parents/model-julia-restoin-roitfeld-pregnant-second-child/) " (https://people.com/parents/model-julia-restoin-roitfeld-pregnant-second-child/) . People.com . September 9, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Julia Restoin Roitfeld Welcomes Second Baby: 'Thank You for Choosing Us' (https://people.com/parents/julia-restoin-roitfeld-welcomes-second-baby/) " (https://people.com/parents/julia-restoin-roitfeld-welcomes-second-baby/) . People.com . February 26, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "It's a girl for Julia Restoin Roitfeld - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9272533/Its-a-girl-for-Julia-Restoin-Roitfeld.html#) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . 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Australian manufacturer and retailer of women's activewear Lorna Jane Pty Ltd Headquarters at Eagle Farm, Brisbane Company type Private Industry Retail Founded 1990 Founder Lorna Jane Clarkson (/wiki/Lorna_Jane_Clarkson) and Bill Clarkson Headquarters Brisbane, Queensland (/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland) , Australia Key people Lorna Jane Clarkson (Founder & Chief creative officer) Bill Clarkson ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Athletic apparel Revenue AUD$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 200 million [1] (#cite_note-smart1-1) (2014 [1] (#cite_note-smart1-1) ) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) AUD$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 19.6 million [2] (#cite_note-afr1-2) (2013 [2] (#cite_note-afr1-2) ) Total equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) AUD$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 500 million (estimated) [3] (#cite_note-courier2-3) (2016 [3] (#cite_note-courier2-3) ) Owners Lorna Jane Clarkson and Bill Clarkson (100%) Number of employees 1,800 [4] (#cite_note-bna1-4) (2015 [4] (#cite_note-bna1-4) ) Website lornajane (http://lornajane.com.au) .com (http://lornajane.com.au) .au (http://lornajane.com.au) Lorna Jane is an athletic apparel retailer with headquarters in Brisbane, Australia and regional offices in the United States, Singapore, China, and New Zealand. [5] (#cite_note-ljlocations-5) It was founded in 1990 by Lorna Jane Clarkson and her husband Bill Clarkson. The women’s activewear brand has 134 stores across Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and Singapore. They also have licensee stores in New Caledonia, Mexico, Europe, Dubai and Malaysia. Products [ edit ] Lorna Jane produces and sells a wide range of garments, including tights, sports bras, tops, shorts, pants, jackets and hoodies, shoes, and various accessories. [6] (#cite_note-ljstore-6) Many items use the company's own moisture-wicking four-way stretch fabric, "LJ Excel". [7] (#cite_note-lj2-7) [8] (#cite_note-huffpo2-8) Others incorporate compression fabrics and "power mesh" panels. [8] (#cite_note-huffpo2-8) A Marie Claire article called Lorna Jane out as one of the 6 best sustainable sports brands on the market. [9] (#cite_note-9) Limited edition ranges and pieces [ edit ] The company releases limited edition ranges and pieces such as maternity ranges [10] (#cite_note-10) and 'Little Miss' [11] (#cite_note-11) for babies and young children. Love Bead [ edit ] Every Lorna Jane garment has a small heart-shaped bead sewn into it somewhere; a message to consumers that the garment is made "with love". [12] (#cite_note-tus1-12) [7] (#cite_note-lj2-7) Garment styles are named after Lorna Jane team members, with one team member saying "Seeing your name pop up on a monthly style sheet is as exciting as waking up on Christmas morning!" [7] (#cite_note-lj2-7) Sizing [ edit ] Every Lorna Jane garment includes a heart-shaped bead to signify that it was made "with love". This example is inside the ankle hem of a pair of tights Garments were originally produced in sizes up to "L", and in 2014, Lorna Jane introduced an "XXS" and "XL" size. [13] (#cite_note-change1-13) Beyond that, Clarkson has said she had no plans to produce " plus size (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) " garments, saying that there was no demand from her customer base and that the brand's previous ventures in this direction had been unsuccessful; "If my customer wants bigger sizes, I will absolutely accommodate. But we have tried it and not sold it." [14] (#cite_note-newscorp1-14) In 2015, Australian consumer organisation Choice (/wiki/Choice_(Australian_consumer_organisation)) evaluated a pair of Lorna Jane tights alongside equivalent garments from six competitors at a range of price points. The evaluation found that the Lorna Jane tights did not fare as well in some tests as some of their much cheaper competitors, although a textiles expert praised them for their construction [15] (#cite_note-choice1-15) and they did score better in stretch, stain and stitching tests. [16] (#cite_note-16) Awards [ edit ] Lorna Jane has won a total of 13 design awards, [17] (#cite_note-lornajane.com.au-17) numerous marketing awards and in 2017 was named the Marie Claire Readers Choice for Best Athleisure Brand. [18] (#cite_note-18) Production [ edit ] Lorna Jane's website reiterates the brand's commitment to sustainable practices including production and sourcing. [19] (#cite_note-19) They have one principal source of production that they have been working with for more than 25 years. The company prides itself for providing superior conditions for its factory workers, [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) and claims that as few as three workers fail to return from Chinese New Year (/wiki/Chinese_New_Year) each year, when the norm for factories in the region is "hundreds". [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) Workers refer to the factories as "Lorna Land". [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) Lorna Jane production is WRAP Gold Certified but because they did not respond to their survey, the 2016 Ethical Fashion Guide produced by Baptist World Aid Australia rated Lorna Jane as "D" grade for not completing the survey. [21] (#cite_note-efg-21) Executive marketing and e-commerce manager Jessie Dean told Australian broadcaster the ABC (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) that "It is important to us that our manufacturing source reflects who we are as a brand and our active living philosophy. We continually work to ensure that our workplace code of conduct protects the welfare of every employee and their environment." [22] (#cite_note-abc1-22) Clarkson says she would prefer to be still manufacturing in Australia, but the closure of Australian fabric mills and a lack of government support for the clothing industry made that impossible to sustain. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) Men's wear [ edit ] Despite being asked "two or three times a week", [23] (#cite_note-kelly126-23) Clarkson said she has no plans to expand into activewear for men. In another interview, she expressed her personal preference as "I like men to wear their old footy shirts and triathlon shorts." [24] (#cite_note-bi2-24) History [ edit ] Foundation [ edit ] Lorna Jane shopfront in Brisbane's Queen Street Mall (/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall) in 2017, close to the former location of the first Lorna Jane store Founder Lorna Jane Clarkson (née Smith) was a dental technician and part-time aerobics (/wiki/Aerobics) instructor who was dissatisfied with the workout clothes available to women in the late 1980s and started making her own. [25] (#cite_note-empower1-25) [26] (#cite_note-wr1-26) Her designs proved popular with her students, who asked her to start making clothes for them too. [25] (#cite_note-empower1-25) [26] (#cite_note-wr1-26) In 1988, she decided to start making clothes as her full-time occupation. [25] (#cite_note-empower1-25) [26] (#cite_note-wr1-26) When she and her partner, Bill Clarkson, experienced difficulty finding stores interested in carrying the range, they decided to retail it themselves [25] (#cite_note-empower1-25) [26] (#cite_note-wr1-26) [14] (#cite_note-newscorp1-14) In 1990, they opened their first store, [25] (#cite_note-empower1-25) [26] (#cite_note-wr1-26) [14] (#cite_note-newscorp1-14) in an upper floor [27] (#cite_note-afr2-27) of Brisbane's Broadway on the Mall (/wiki/Broadway_on_the_Mall) shopping centre. [27] (#cite_note-afr2-27) [3] (#cite_note-courier2-3) By 2000, the business required a larger factory, and to fund this expansion, the Clarksons sold their home and bought a building in Fortitude Valley (/wiki/Fortitude_Valley) [28] (#cite_note-australian1-28) for $465,000. [3] (#cite_note-courier2-3) [29] (#cite_note-re1-29) They refurbished it and within two years, the value of the property had appreciated to $4 million, which the Clarksons were able to use as collateral for further growth. [28] (#cite_note-australian1-28) The origin of the Lorna Jane logo: a stylised L and J The company logo is three rhombuses, each with two of its opposing corners curved. The shape represents a stylised "L" and "J" joined together. [30] (#cite_note-lj4-30) Lorna Jane's first factory building, at 99 Bridge Street, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. In 2017, it is occupied by a motorcycle customisation business. Expansion and diversification [ edit ] The company was able to use the Global Financial Crisis (/wiki/Global_Financial_Crisis) of 2008 to its advantage. [31] (#cite_note-warrell1-31) [32] (#cite_note-kelly128-32) Rather than waiting for economic conditions to improve, Lorna Jane continued its expansion by taking opportunities for leases in favourable locations that would have been unavailable to the company in a stronger climate. [31] (#cite_note-warrell1-31) [32] (#cite_note-kelly128-32) This strategy led to the company's biggest growth period. [31] (#cite_note-warrell1-31) In 2010, private equity firm CHAMP Ventures (/wiki/CHAMP_Ventures) purchased a 40% stake of the company. [33] (#cite_note-forbes1-33) In response to the 2010–11 Queensland floods (/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Queensland_floods) , [34] (#cite_note-rt1-34) Lorna Jane initiated a charity programme where the company would allow customers to exchange used activewear (of any brand) for a store credit. [35] (#cite_note-bna2-35) [34] (#cite_note-rt1-34) [36] (#cite_note-lj3-36) The used clothing collected would then be donated to the Salvation Army (/wiki/Salvation_Army) . [35] (#cite_note-bna2-35) [34] (#cite_note-rt1-34) [36] (#cite_note-lj3-36) Originally intended to run for a week in mid 2011, [34] (#cite_note-rt1-34) the "Swap Shop" became a permanent fixture and was still running in 2017. [36] (#cite_note-lj3-36) In that time, customers had brought in over 45,000 garments for the business to pass on to charity. [36] (#cite_note-lj3-36) Following a year-long consultancy with the Wharton Business School (/wiki/Wharton_Business_School) and the University of Queensland (/wiki/University_of_Queensland) into strategies for entering the US market, [35] (#cite_note-bna2-35) March 2012 saw the opening of the first US store [37] (#cite_note-BHF-37) in Malibu (/wiki/Malibu,_California) . [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) At a time when ecommerce was replacing traditional bricks-and-mortar retailing, Lorna Jane adopted the unconventional approach of investing more in physical stores. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) By mid-2013, a new Lorna Jane store was opening in California every three weeks. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) The Clarksons chose California as the brand's initial entry point to the US because they found the active and outdoor way of life there to be similar to Australia. [35] (#cite_note-bna2-35) In August 2012, Lorna Jane launched a fitness tracking app. [38] (#cite_note-lifestyle1-38) By 2013, the company took a 9.4% share of the entire athletic clothing industry in Australia. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) Consolidated revenue for 2012-13 was set to exceed $110 million. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) Annualised growth was sustained above 40% for the five years between 2008 and 2013. [20] (#cite_note-afr4-20) In the same year, the company introduced the "Active Living Rooms", with the first one opening at the Gasworks development in Teneriffe, Queensland (/wiki/Teneriffe,_Queensland) , [39] (#cite_note-champ1-39) and also launched a fashion-forward range named "Uniquely" that further blurred the line between activewear and casualwear. [12] (#cite_note-tus1-12) 2014 [ edit ] In early 2014, the Clarksons and CHAMP considered the possibility of an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) , with bankers pitching exit strategies for the private equity firm. [2] (#cite_note-afr1-2) [40] (#cite_note-afr5-40) The float was reportedly aimed at returning $400 million to the business owners. [40] (#cite_note-afr5-40) [41] (#cite_note-bull1-41) Analyst Brian Walker suggested that the motivation for the float might have been a specific timeframe within which CHAMP had to return funds to investors, or that CHAMP had predicted a peak in Lorna Jane's rate of growth and were opting to exit at this point. [42] (#cite_note-smart4-42) When reports of a float started appearing in the financial press in February, neither the Clarksons nor CHAMP would comment. [42] (#cite_note-smart4-42) However, on 19 March, CEO Bill Clarkson confirmed for the Financial Review that an IPO had been considered and rejected. [43] (#cite_note-afr6-43) In May, the Financial Review reported that CHAMP's board scrapped the idea of an IPO after receiving at least five expressions of interest from large US businesses in the fitness industry [44] (#cite_note-afr7-44) and appointed Credit Suisse (/wiki/Credit_Suisse) to negotiate a sale instead. [2] (#cite_note-afr1-2) [44] (#cite_note-afr7-44) Over the next four months, they received interest from over forty prospective investors, [45] (#cite_note-courier1-45) [46] (#cite_note-ir2-46) including Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) and Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) . [47] (#cite_note-bi1-47) [46] (#cite_note-ir2-46) European private equity firm Permira (/wiki/Permira) emerged as the leading contender by mid-September. [2] (#cite_note-afr1-2) Ultimately, however, the Clarksons withdrew from a sale when they considered the implications of losing their personal control of the brand. [45] (#cite_note-courier1-45) [46] (#cite_note-ir2-46) They opted to retain a controlling interest, and CHAMP agreed to maintain its level of investment. [45] (#cite_note-courier1-45) [46] (#cite_note-ir2-46) In March 2014, the company partnered with department store chains in Australia and the US to start carrying the brand. In Australia, the partnership was with David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_Limited) , [12] (#cite_note-tus1-12) [48] (#cite_note-newscorp4-48) and included the "Uniquely" line in in-store concessions (/wiki/Concession_(retail)) . [39] (#cite_note-champ1-39) In the US, the partnership was with Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , and additionally included representation in one Nordstrom store in Canada and another in Puerto Rico. [43] (#cite_note-afr6-43) In July 2014, a Change.org (/wiki/Change.org) petition started by Megan Sauer asked Lorna Jane to add larger sizes to its range. [13] (#cite_note-change1-13) The petition attracted 2,705 signatures, [13] (#cite_note-change1-13) and resulted in the brand adding a new size, XL. [13] (#cite_note-change1-13) [49] (#cite_note-courier4-49) [50] (#cite_note-smh7-50) This size falls between Australian women's clothing sizes 14 and 16, when the average Australian woman is size 16. [49] (#cite_note-courier4-49) In August 2014, the company ventured into publishing, with a six-weekly magazine titled Active Living available through its stores. [51] (#cite_note-bnt1-51) The initial print run was 75,000 copies. [51] (#cite_note-bnt1-51) In August 2014, Lorna Jane began registering its designs for garments and accessories with Intellectual Property Australia as a pre-emptive step to help protect them against copyright infringement. [47] (#cite_note-bi1-47) [52] (#cite_note-smh4-52) [53] (#cite_note-ir1-53) Controversies [ edit ] Controversy over job advertisement [ edit ] In July 2015, the company experienced a backlash over an advertisement for a job vacancy on Seek (/wiki/Seek_Limited) for a "receptionist/ fit model (/wiki/Fit_model) " that specified body dimensions to meet the model requirements to fit a sample size. [54] (#cite_note-abc3-54) Critics accused the company of including this element to provide a basis on which to hire a receptionist of a particular body type. [54] (#cite_note-abc3-54) [55] (#cite_note-crikey1-55) [56] (#cite_note-bt1-56) Lorna Jane defended the ad and insisted that the fit model requirements were a genuine vacancy within the business that was being combined with the receptionist position out of a desire for efficiency, since both positions were only required on a part-time basis. [54] (#cite_note-abc3-54) [55] (#cite_note-crikey1-55) [56] (#cite_note-bt1-56) [57] (#cite_note-smart2-57) [58] (#cite_note-courier5-58) The ad was taken down after two days, which Lorna Jane claimed was due to the company having received a sufficient number of applicants for the position. [59] (#cite_note-newscorp6-59) [55] (#cite_note-crikey1-55) [56] (#cite_note-bt1-56) [57] (#cite_note-smart2-57) Clarkson later said that, in hindsight, she wished the ad had been worded differently, and speculated that the word "fit" had been misconstrued by critics to mean "physically fit" rather than a model to test-fit clothes. [60] (#cite_note-newscorp9-60) The successful candidate worked as a Receptionist as well as carrying out duties during fittings and sample testing, before being promoted into another role within the company. Allegations by ex-store manager Amy Robinson found to be false [ edit ] In September 2015, Amy Robinson, a former manager of the Lorna Jane outlet store at the DFO Brisbane (/wiki/DFO_Brisbane) centre, commenced legal action against the company, complaining that she was bullied regularly when she worked there for six months in 2012. [61] (#cite_note-newscorp5-61) She sought over $500,000 in damages. [61] (#cite_note-newscorp5-61) [62] (#cite_note-abc2-62) The company denied the allegations. [61] (#cite_note-newscorp5-61) [62] (#cite_note-abc2-62) The case went to trial in the Brisbane District Court (/wiki/Brisbane_District_Court) on 14 February 2017. [63] (#cite_note-abc4-63) [64] (#cite_note-newscorp11-64) [65] (#cite_note-courier8-65) [66] (#cite_note-yahoo2-66) Rebecca Treston QC (/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel) , representing Lorna Jane pointed out that in a twelve-page letter to management in 2012, outlining various grievances, Robinson had not once mentioned being bullied over her weight. [66] (#cite_note-yahoo2-66) The trial resumed to hear the remainder of the medical evidence and adjourned pending Judge Gregory Koppenol decision. The decision was handed down November 2017 in Lorna Jane's favour. [67] (#cite_note-67) The decision stated that Amy Robinson had failed to prove any of her claims and the company had acted fairly and reasonably in its responses. [68] (#cite_note-68) Judge Gregory Koppenol also stated that he found her to be an, "unreliable witness with serious credibility issues". [69] (#cite_note-69) Judge Koppenol said he thought Ms Robinson's evidence about her physical injuries was "false" and "extremely unlikely to be true", and in some respects not even supported by medical evidence. Impersonator asks women for revealing photos [ edit ] On 16 October 2015, a 32-year-old Gold Coast (/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland) psychologist (kept anonymous in press reports) said that she had received unsolicited contact from a man who claimed to be representing Lorna Jane, offering her work as a model. [70] (#cite_note-bt2-70) [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) The man, who identified himself as "Victor" first made contact via telephone, and arranged a Skype (/wiki/Skype) interview with her. [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) "Victor" asked that she send him photos of herself in Lorna Jane sports bras and shorts, which she did, [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) [72] (#cite_note-dt1-72) later recalling, "I was so excited about the possibility of being in a Lorna Jane catalogue as I adore the brand and what it stands for so sent the photos through." [72] (#cite_note-dt1-72) [73] (#cite_note-bnt3-73) "Victor" claimed that Lorna Jane was interested in her story because of how she maintained an active lifestyle while living with rheumatoid arthritis (/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis) . [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) In a subsequent phone call, "Victor" told her that she would have to lose another 5-6 kilograms, would have to hide the bandages and gloves she wears to support her arthritic wrists, and would require Botox (/wiki/Botox) injections to hide her wrinkles before she could model for Lorna Jane. [70] (#cite_note-bt2-70) [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) [73] (#cite_note-bnt3-73) [74] (#cite_note-age1-74) After direct contact between the woman and Lorna Jane, the company revealed that other women had been approached by the same man, [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) [74] (#cite_note-age1-74) [72] (#cite_note-dt1-72) including two yoga instructors in Hobart (/wiki/Hobart) , [74] (#cite_note-age1-74) and that they were working with Queensland Police (/wiki/Queensland_Police) 's Cyber Crime Unit. [71] (#cite_note-newscorp8-71) [74] (#cite_note-age1-74) Lorna Jane expressed disappointment that initial media accounts had not reported on the fraudulent nature of "Victor's" requests. [72] (#cite_note-dt1-72) [73] (#cite_note-bnt3-73) The victim said she was "embarrassed" to have been scammed, and felt sorry for Lorna Jane that the media would have reported that a Lorna Jane representative would have said "such awful things." [74] (#cite_note-age1-74) Exploitation claim by ex-employee Vanessa Croll [ edit ] In November 2015, ex-employee Vanessa Croll complained in Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) opinion site RendezView that she had been "used" by the company. [75] (#cite_note-dt2-75) While employed as a personal trainer by the business over ten years previously, Clarkson asked her whether she would be willing to model clothes for the catalogue. [75] (#cite_note-dt2-75) Croll agreed, but after completing the photo shoot, was only offered a small payment and clothing, which she felt was inadequate. [75] (#cite_note-dt2-75) Nevertheless, she continued to work as a trainer for Lorna Jane and accepted occasional modelling work. [75] (#cite_note-dt2-75) Croll accepted one final modelling offer for $150 and then sought other employment. [75] (#cite_note-dt2-75) A Lorna Jane representative responded to the complaint via a Facebook post, explaining that Clarkson had offered Croll the modelling opportunities to support her ambitions to be a model, and that the small payments reflected the small business that Lorna Jane was at the time. [76] (#cite_note-courier6-76) The post also claims that Croll did not mention any of these concerns at the time, and branded her "an opportunist trying to benefit from Lorna’s success". [76] (#cite_note-courier6-76) Other media responses criticised the tone of Lorna Jane's response on Facebook or highlighted the pitfalls of accepting offers of payment for creative work in terms of "exposure". [77] (#cite_note-courier7-77) Criticism by Universal Society of Hinduism over yoga fee [ edit ] In December 2015, the president of the Universal Society of Hinduism, Rajan Zed (/wiki/Rajan_Zed) , issued a press release criticising Lorna Jane and Sydney Airport (/wiki/Sydney_Airport) for charging fees for yoga (/wiki/Yoga) classes that passengers could take at the Lorna Jane Active Living room there. [78] (#cite_note-bnt2-78) [79] (#cite_note-newscorp7-79) In the statement, Zed said, "charging fee for it [yoga] at a public facility like Sydney Airport did not seem right." [80] (#cite_note-zed-80) Sydney Airport responded that the space was operated by Lorna Jane as a retail business and is not a public space but that it was free for passengers to use outside of class times. [79] (#cite_note-newscorp7-79) Lorna Jane responded that the company was supportive of anything that encouraged passengers to look after their health and have the space available for passengers to use. [79] (#cite_note-newscorp7-79) Patent infringement [ edit ] In March 2019, Carolyn Taylor, a Bendigo (/wiki/Bendigo) based physiotherapist (/wiki/Physical_therapy) claims the activewear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) company's leggings infringe her patent that was filed in 2010 and licensed to manufacturers. Mr Clarkson said Lorna Jane had been designing and manufacturing compressive and supportive Activewear since 1989 when Ms Clarkson started hand-making leotards and short tights for herself and for clients in her aerobics classes. "Compression and support tights have been part of our business for the last 30 years, over 20 years before this patent was lodged," Mr Clarkson said. In January 2020, these proceedings were dismissed by order of the Federal Court, with the consent of both parties. The Applicants’ claim against Lorna Jane for patent infringement (which Lorna Jane has always denied) has been dismissed. Lorna Jane's cross-claim that the Applicants’ patent is invalid has also been dismissed. No costs have been ordered as part of the dismissal. Lorna Jane is pleased to continue offering its full range of active core stability and other products to all its customers. Lorna Jane South Africa [ edit ] In July 2019, Thomas Stringfellow, who was the managing director of Lorna Jane South Africa was arrested on fraud charges related to loan agreements to fund Lorna Jane. Investors have allegedly lost in excess of R100m (AUD10m). The stores have closed and online accounts and the website are no longer active. [81] (#cite_note-81) [82] (#cite_note-82) Misleading marketing used to exploit COVID-19 fears [ edit ] In July 2020, Lorna Jane was fined AUD $40,000 by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration) (TGA), over a range of activewear that the company promoted as protecting wearers against COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) . The clothing was made using "LJ Shield exclusive technology," [83] (#cite_note-83) which the brand promoted the range with slogans such as "Cure for the Spread of COVID-19? Lorna Jane Thinks So." [84] (#cite_note-84) and claimed "With Lorna Jane Shield on our garments it meant that we were completely eliminating the possibility of spreading any deadly viruses" [85] (#cite_note-85) This marketing move was criticised by health organisations, including the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. RACGP president, Dr Harry Nespolon, criticised Lorna Jane for allegedly exploiting fears regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, stating that "active wear is great for the gym but it can’t protect you against viruses or bacteria". [86] (#cite_note-86) In December 2020, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission) (ACCC) instituted proceedings against the company in the Australian federal court over the false and misleading claims. ACCC commissioner, Sarah Court stated that the claims made by Lorna Jane "gave the impression that the COVID-19 claims were based on scientific or technological evidence when this was not the case. We are particularly concerned about this because consumers often trust well-known brands and assume that their marketing claims are backed up by solid evidence. [87] (#cite_note-87) " The ACCC alleged that Lorna Jane had done no testing to back up the claims and that company founder Lorna Jane Clarkson was knowingly involved in the alleged conduct via claims she made in a media release and Instagram video promoting the range. In July 2021, the company was fined $5 million, with the court holding that Lorna Jane sought to exploit that fear and concern of the public through the use of misleading, deceptive and untrue representations about the properties of LJ Shield activewear. [88] (#cite_note-88) See also [ edit ] Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) List of companies named after people (/wiki/List_of_companies_named_after_people) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b White, Kye (5 March 2015). "Australia's top 30 female entrepreneurs 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170226212945/http://www.smartcompany.com.au/people-human-resources/leadership/45966-australia-s-top-30-female-entrepreneurs-2015/) . SmartCompany (/w/index.php?title=SmartCompany&action=edit&redlink=1) . Private Media (/wiki/Private_Media_(Australia)) . Archived from the original (http://www.smartcompany.com.au/people-human-resources/leadership/45966-australia-s-top-30-female-entrepreneurs-2015/) on 26 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Permira in prime position for Lorna Jane auction" (http://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/investment-banking/permira-in-prime-position-for-lorna-jane-auction-20140914-jeo08) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . 15 September 2014 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Launch your own empire inside Lorna Jane's activewear warehouse" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/realestate/news/brisbane-qld/launch-your-own-empire-inside-lorna-janes-activewear-warehouse/news-story/19bec3c3315875dc98127e7fe211edea) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . 8 September 2016 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dacquino, Laura (26 June 2015). "I'm not going anywhere, says Laura Jane" (http://www.businessnewsaus.com.au/articles/i-m-not-going-anywhere--says-lorna-jane.html) . Business News Australia (/w/index.php?title=Business_News_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1) . Business News Australia . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-ljlocations_5-0) "Career Locations" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/careerlocations) . lornajane.com.au . Lorna Jane . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-ljstore_6-0) "Clothing - Categories" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/c-Clothing) . lornajane.com.au . Lorna Jane . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Parsons, Phoebe (8 September 2015). "5 things you didn't know about Lorna Jane" (https://www.movenourishbelieve.com/lifestyle-2/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-lorna-jane/) . Move Nourish Believe (/w/index.php?title=Move_Nourish_Believe&action=edit&redlink=1) . Lorna Jane . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bell, Pooma (22 April 2014). "Fitness Clothing: A Review Of Aussie Women's Sportswear Brand Lorna Jane" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/04/22/lorna-jane-womens-sportswear-review_n_5017837.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . TheHuffingtonPost.com . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Goldstone, Penny (26 June 2019). "Best Sustainable Ethical Sports Brands: Shop Active Wear" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/shopping/best-sustainable-sports-brands-661270) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 24 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lorna Jane launch limited edition maternity activewear range" (https://babyology.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-and-fashion/lorna-jane-launch-first-ever-limited-edition-maternity-activewear-collection.html) . Babyology . 9 October 2017 . Retrieved 23 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Little Miss Range | Collection | Shop All | Lorna Jane AustraliaLorna Jane Australia" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/c-little-miss-range) . www.lornajane.com.au . Retrieved 23 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Zwaans, Lauren (25 March 2015). "Health, Heart & Self-Belief: The Making of Lorna Jane" (http://www.theurbansilhouette.com/2014/03/lorna-jane/) . The Urban Silhouette (/w/index.php?title=The_Urban_Silhouette&action=edit&redlink=1) . The Urban Silhouette . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sauer, Megan (19 July 2014). "Lorna Jane: design gym gear for plus-size women – give girls of all sizes a chance". change.org (/wiki/Change.org) . change.org. ^ Jump up to: a b c Brown, Vanessa (23 September 2016). "Activewear queen Lorna Jane Clarkson has no plan to venture into plus size clothing" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fitness/inspiration/activewear-queen-lorna-jane-clarkson-has-no-plan-to-venture-into-plus-size-clothing/news-story/e91b6caa3a84237dd9f0c8ae841ace4f) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-choice1_15-0) Castle, Jemma (16 February 2015). "Sportswear – why is it so expensive?" (https://www.choice.com.au/health-and-body/diet-and-fitness/sportswear-and-shoes/articles/sportswear-why-is-it-so-expensive) . Choice (/wiki/Choice_(Australian_consumer_organisation)) . Choice . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Are expensive gym pants better than cheapies? Nope" (https://www.mamamia.com.au/are-expensive-gym-pants-better/) . Mamamia . 3 March 2015 . Retrieved 23 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-lornajane.com.au_17-0) "News & Awards | Lorna Jane Australia" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/news) . www.lornajane.com.au . Retrieved 23 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Meet the Prix de marie claire 2017 fashion and beauty winners" (https://www.marieclaire.com.au/prix-de-marie-claire-2017-fashion-beauty-winners) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 23 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Lorna Jane Australia" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/ourcommitment#sourcing) . www.lornajane.com.au . Retrieved 23 October 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Bailey, Michael (18 June 2013). "Activewear, everywhere: behind Lorna Jane's global expansion" (http://www.afr.com/business/small-business/activewear-everywhere-behind-lorna-janes-global-expansion-20130618-jyha0) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-efg_21-0) 2016 Ethical Fashion Guide . Baptist World Aid Australia (/w/index.php?title=Baptist_World_Aid_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1) . April 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-abc1_22-0) Whyte, Sarah (20 April 2016). "Australian fashion companies fail to disclose supply chain, risk worker exploitation, report says" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-20/australian-fashion-report-overseas-workers/7323216) . ABC News (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-kelly126_23-0) Kelly, Brett (2012). Business Owners' Wisdom: Great Business Owners Share Their Stories . Kelly + Partners Group. p. 126. ^ (#cite_ref-bi2_24-0) Tay, Liz (4 September 2013). "Lorna Jane's New Sydney Store Is Drawing More Men, But Founder Will Stick With Just Women's Clothing" (http://www.businessinsider.com.au/lorna-janes-new-sydney-store-is-drawing-more-men-but-its-founder-will-stick-with-womens-clothes-only-2013-9) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Allure Media (/wiki/Allure_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Messer, Barbara (August 2008). "Dressed for Success" (https://issuu.com/empowermag/docs/launch_issue_augsept08) . emPOWER (/w/index.php?title=EmPOWER&action=edit&redlink=1) . Indigo Productions . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wilmoth, Peter (26 May 2014). "Lorna Jane Clarkson: Zest for Life" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062502/http://www.theweeklyreview.com.au/uncategorized/1803088-special-lorna-jane-clarkson-zest-for-life/) . The Weekly Review (/w/index.php?title=The_Weekly_Review&action=edit&redlink=1) . Domain Group (/wiki/Domain_Group) . Archived from the original (http://www.theweeklyreview.com.au/uncategorized/1803088-special-lorna-jane-clarkson-zest-for-life/) on 27 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Simon (6 October 2014). "Why the $500m Lorna Jane sale was iced" (http://www.afr.com/leadership/entrepreneur/why-the-500m-lorna-jane-sale-was-iced-20141005-kbf8u) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Allen, Lisa (19 June 2015). "How Lorna Jane Clarkson took on the activewear world" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/the-deal-magazine/how-lorna-jane-clarkson-took-on-the-activewear-world/news-story/96c8592f0ceb3bf0c7fb0b7abe1bcd40) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-re1_29-0) "99 Bridge Street, Fortitude Valley, Qld 4006" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062603/https://www.realestate.com.au/property/99-bridge-st-fortitude-valley-qld-4006) . realestate.com.au (/wiki/Realestate.com.au) . REA Group (/wiki/REA_Group) . Archived from the original (https://www.realestate.com.au/property/99-bridge-st-fortitude-valley-qld-4006) on 27 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-lj4_30-0) "What our icons represent" (https://www.lornajane.com.au/ouricons) . Lorna Jane . 2016 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Warrell, Margie (2012). Stop Playing Safe: Rethink Risk, Unlock the Power of Courage, Achieve Outstanding Success . John Wiley & Sons. ^ Jump up to: a b Kelly, Brett (2012). Business Owners' Wisdom: Great Business Owners Share Their Stories . Kelly + Partners Group. p. 128. ^ (#cite_ref-forbes1_33-0) Scott, Mary E. (6 April 2016). "Asia's 50 Power Businesswomen 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160410154145/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lorna-jane-clarkson-51/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived from the original (https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lorna-jane-clarkson-51/) on 10 April 2016 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lorna Jane gets active for charity" (http://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/lorna-jane-gets-active-for-charity) . Ragtrader (/w/index.php?title=Ragtrader&action=edit&redlink=1) . Yaffa Media (/w/index.php?title=Yaffa_Media&action=edit&redlink=1) . 6 July 2011 . 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The Compare Group (/w/index.php?title=The_Compare_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Waters, Cara (6 February 2015). "Lorna Jane won't rule out floating on the ASX" (http://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/funding/35488-lorna-jane-won-t-rule-out-floating-on-the-asx/) . SmartCompany (/w/index.php?title=SmartCompany&action=edit&redlink=1) . Private Media (/wiki/Private_Media_(Australia)) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (19 March 2015). "Lorna Jane's plan to double profits in three years" (http://www.afr.com/it-pro/lorna-janes-plan-to-double-profits-in-three-years-20150319-1m2z7z) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fitness retailer Lorna Jane on the block for $500m" (http://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/investment-banking/fitness-retailer-lorna-jane-on-the-block-for-500m-20140514-iu51v) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . 15 May 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Brisbane activewear brand Lorna Jane abandons plan for new equity partner" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/business/brisbane-activewear-brand-lorna-jane-abandons-plan-for-new-equity-partner/news-story/2b8e7b2ff7260bb419f8effabd032efb) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . 7 October 2014 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lorna Jane abandons sale plans" (https://www.insideretail.com.au/blog/2014/10/07/lorna-jane-abandons-sale-plans/) . InsideRetail (/w/index.php?title=InsideRetail&action=edit&redlink=1) . Octomedia (/wiki/Octomedia) . 7 October 2014 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kimmorley, Sarah (28 August 2014). "Lorna Jane Cracks Down On Design Knock-Offs" (http://www.businessinsider.com.au/lorna-jane-cracks-down-on-design-knock-offs-2014-8) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Allure Media (/wiki/Allure_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-newscorp4_48-0) Midena, Kate (17 February 2014). "Lorna Jane partners with David Jones" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/lorna-jane-partners-with-david-jones/news-story/af42e36b1cfeab3aabaf6f3f67f8c8d7) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sinnerton, Jackie (19 July 2014). "Lorna Jane extends XL range but Lululemon fails to accommodate average size 16 woman" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/lorna-jane-extends-xl-range-but-lululemon-fails-to-accommodate-average-size-16-woman/news-story/9423713829b5c3ae1a3599a56ba7f996) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-smh7_50-0) Papas, Chloe (29 September 2016). "Why it's so disappointing when fitness icons like Lorna Jane refuse to embrace size diversity" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/news-and-views/opinion/why-its-so-disappointing-when-fitness-icons-like-lorna-jane-refuse-to-embrace-size-diversity-20160929-grrepl.html) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Robinson, Luke (16 July 2014). "Bauer Media Launches Lorna Jane Magazine Active Living" (http://www.bandt.com.au/media/lorna-jane-launches-magazine-bauer) . B&T . The Misfits Media Company . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-smh4_52-0) Schetzer, Alana (4 October 2014). "Lorna Jane acts to stop design 'rip-offs', as sports apparel market booms" (http://www.smh.com.au/business/lorna-jane-acts-to-stop-design-ripoffs-as-sports-apparel-market-booms-20141001-10p0hq.html) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-ir1_53-0) "Lorna Jane fights back" (https://www.insideretail.com.au/blog/2014/08/27/lorna-jane-fights-back/) . Inside Retail (/wiki/Inside_Retail) . InsideRetail (/w/index.php?title=InsideRetail&action=edit&redlink=1) . 27 August 2014 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Agius, Kim (7 July 2015). "Lorna Jane seeks to clarify misconceptions over advertisement seeking size small receptionist" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-06/lorna-jane-ad-seeks-size-small-receptionist-fit-model/6599142) . ABC News (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Lorna Jane puts the call out for a receptionist/model" (https://www.crikey.com.au/2015/07/06/lorna-jane-puts-the-call-out-for-a-receptionistmodel/) . Crikey (/wiki/Crikey) . Private Media (/wiki/Private_Media_(Australia)) . 6 July 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Stephens, Kim (7 July 2015). "Lorna Jane under fire over receptionist ad" (http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/lorna-jane-under-fire-over-receptionist-ad-20150706-gi65fb.html) . Brisbane Times (/wiki/Brisbane_Times) . Fairfax (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Keating, Eloise (6 July 2015). "Lorna Jane pulls job ad for receptionist and "fit model" with bust and waist requirements: Be careful what you recruit for" (http://www.smartcompany.com.au/people-human-resources/human-resources/47545-lorna-jane-pulls-job-ad-for-receptionist-and-fit-model-with-bust-and-waist-requirements-be-careful-what-you-recruit-for/) . SmartCompany (/w/index.php?title=SmartCompany&action=edit&redlink=1) . Private Media (/wiki/Private_Media_(Australia)) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-courier5_58-0) Marszalek, Jessica; Vonow, Brittany (7 July 2014). "Lorna Jane spokeswoman defends job ad" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/lorna-jane-spokeswoman-defends-job-ad/news-story/132e362cf548a5efb68e156271f6d825) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-newscorp6_59-0) Sullivan, Rebecca (8 July 2015). "Lorna Jane receptionist and model job ad includes physical measurements" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/designers/lorna-jane-receptionist-and-model-job-ad-includes-physical-measurements/news-story/29971d9df316461702e20af417d43817) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-newscorp9_60-0) Sullivan, Rebecca (2 November 2015). "Lorna Jane Clarkson opens up on 60 Minutes" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/diet/lorna-jane-clarkson-opens-up-on-60-minutes/news-story/fd0fea0171e844c14cf6058eb5b8d770) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Deuterom, Rhian (10 September 2015). "Lorna Jane former staff member claims bullying over fitness level" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/people/lorna-jane-former-staff-member-claims-bullying-over-fitness-level/news-story/4400325b7702c086c515dda71c403b42) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Butler, Nicole (10 September 2015). "Lorna Jane lawsuit: former fitness label employee became 'suicidal' after alleged bullying over weight" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-10/lorna-jane-lawsuit-former-employee-became-suicidal-over-size/6764132) . ABC News (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc4_63-0) Rebgetz, Louisa (14 February 2017). "Lorna Jane sued by former employee Amy Robinson over bullying allegations" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-14/lorna-jane-former-employee-amy-robinson-sues-over-bullying-claim/8269494) . ABC News (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-newscorp11_64-0) "Bullied former Lorna Jane manager 'suicidal' and too scared to go to work, court hears" (http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/bullied-former-lorna-jane-manager-suicidal-and-too-scared-to-go-to-work-court-hears/news-story/bc30c732f2833732d32294701ff7a3ee) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . 15 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-courier8_65-0) McKenna, Kate (16 February 2017). "Lorna Jane sued: Amy Robinson quizzed about re-posted Facebook picture of daughter" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/crime-and-justice/lorna-jane-sued-amy-robinson-quizzed-about-reposted-facebook-picture-of-daughter/news-story/7a0b82de0b42a387507a395741a18a1a) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://au.news.yahoo.com/qld/a/34436167/lorna-jane-complainant-amy-robinson-blasted-by-judge-over-one-minute-overtime-claims) 'Complaining about working an extra minute?' Judge queries overtime in Lorna Jane case" (https://au.news.yahoo.com/qld/a/34436167/lorna-jane-complainant-amy-robinson-blasted-by-judge-over-one-minute-overtime-claims) . Yahoo7 News (/w/index.php?title=Yahoo7_News&action=edit&redlink=1) . Yahoo7 (/wiki/Yahoo7) . 17 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Ex-Lorna Jane staffer loses damages claim" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-03/ex-lorna-jane-lorna-jane-amy-louise-robinson-loses-damages-claim/9117524) . ABC News . 3 November 2017 . Retrieved 16 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Lorna Jane vindicated after two-year, $570,000 bullying case: Lessons for your social media policy - SmartCompany" (https://www.smartcompany.com.au/people-human-resources/lorna-jane-vindicated-bullying-case/) . SmartCompany . 10 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) Motherwell, Sarah (3 November 2017). "Former store manager loses lawsuit against Lorna Jane" (https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/former-store-manager-loses-lawsuit-against-lorna-jane-20171103-p4ywsu.html) . Brisbane Times . Retrieved 16 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Stephens, Kim (16 October 2015). "Lorna Jane under fire again over model requirements" (http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/lorna-jane-under-fire-again-over-model-requirements-20151016-gkb3au.html) . Brisbane Times (/wiki/Brisbane_Times) . Fairfax (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sullivan, Rebecca; Brown, Vanessa (21 October 2015). "Gold Coast woman involved in Lorna Jane photo scam: 'It's incredibly creepy' (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/beauty/face-body/gold-coast-woman-involved-in-lorna-jane-photo-scam-its-incredibly-creepy/news-story/f6db699dfca4c959bf10068159c5cbbe) " (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/beauty/face-body/gold-coast-woman-involved-in-lorna-jane-photo-scam-its-incredibly-creepy/news-story/f6db699dfca4c959bf10068159c5cbbe) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Domjen, Briana (20 October 2015). "Lorna Jane con-artist: Label warns modelling hopefuls about man preying on young women" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/lorna-jane-conartist-label-warns-modelling-hopefuls-about-man-preying-on-young-women/news-story/049a285ab3d44469e8bc8794dd13eb62) . Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Doyle, Erin Mary (21 October 2015). "Lorna Jane Scammer Lures Women To Send Him Photos" (http://www.bandt.com.au/media/lorna-jane-scammer-lures-women-to-send-him-photos) . B&T . The Misfits Media Company . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Stephens, Kim; Spooner, Rania (20 October 2015). "Fake Lorna Jane representative luring women to send photos" (http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/fake-lorna-jane-representative-luring-women-to-send-photos-20151020-gkdjxb.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Fairfax (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Croll, Vanessa (4 November 2015). "Lorna Jane, you used me" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/rendezview/lorna-jane-you-used-me/news-story/3a64e8c72fd8119a30a6914990a71662) . Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lorna Jane slammed for response to former employee's article" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/lorna-jane-slammed-for-response-to-former-employees-article/news-story/aefcfe71c4bc8d0371952f7aa1d79a30) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . 5 November 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-courier7_77-0) Cooper, Nathanael (9 November 2015). "Opinion: The Lorna Jane saga highlights the difficulties creative industry workers such as Vanessa Croll face in being paid proper wages" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/opinion/opinion-the-lorna-jane-saga-highlights-the-difficulties-creative-industry-workers-such-as-vanessa-croll-face-in-being-paid-proper-wages/news-story/15e4659950a5c98c8e8b360ac54585f0) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . NewsCorp (/wiki/NewsCorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-bnt2_78-0) "Lorna Jane In Trouble Again For Airport 'Active Living Room' (http://www.bandt.com.au/media/lorna-jane-in-trouble-again-for-airport-active-living-room) " (http://www.bandt.com.au/media/lorna-jane-in-trouble-again-for-airport-active-living-room) . B&T . The Misfits Media Company. 11 December 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sullivan, Rebecca (11 December 2015). "Universal Society of Hinduism criticises Lorna Jane over 'wellness lounge' at Sydney Airport" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/soul/universal-society-of-hinduism-criticises-lorna-jane-over-wellness-lounge-at-sydney-airport/news-story/c7d62cd5b131ec7245ef3821655eecf7) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Newscorp (/wiki/Newscorp) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-zed_80-0) Zed, Rajan (8 December 2015). "Hindus critical of Sydney Airport for yoga fee" (http://www.rajanzed.org/hindus-critical-of-sydney-airport-for-yoga-fee/) . The official website of Rajan Zed . Rajan Zed . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-81) "Investors may have lost R100 million in a scheme run by a prominent Joburg advisor, who warned them to prepare for a 'coming crash' (https://www.businessinsider.co.za/thomas-stringfellow-lorna-jane-sportwear-franchise-missing-money-after-warnings-of-a-crash-2019-7) " (https://www.businessinsider.co.za/thomas-stringfellow-lorna-jane-sportwear-franchise-missing-money-after-warnings-of-a-crash-2019-7) . BusinessInsider . ^ (#cite_ref-82) Fisher-French, Maya. "The lifestyle trap" (https://www.news24.com/citypress/personal-finance/the-lifestyle-trap-20190830) . Citypress . Retrieved 23 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-83) Purtill, James (15 July 2020). "Lorna Jane 'anti-virus' activewear does not stop viruses and could endanger people, doctors say" (https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/lorna-jane-anti-virus-activewear-does-not-stop-viruses/12459188) . triple j . Retrieved 29 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-84) Powell, Dominic (21 December 2020). "Lorna Jane to face court over claims leggings could stop COVID spread" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/lorna-jane-to-face-court-over-claims-leggings-could-stop-covid-spread-20201221-p56p97.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 17 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Lorna Jane taken to court over 'anti-virus' activewear as ACCC focuses on dodgy pandemic claims" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-21/lorna-jane-accc-court-over-virus-activewear-claims/13003536) . www.abc.net.au . 21 December 2020 . Retrieved 17 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-86) McGowan, Michael; Wahlquist, Calla; Visontay, Elias; Hurst, Daniel (16 July 2020). "Royal Melbourne hospital confirms 12 staff have tested positive as Victoria records 317 new cases – as it happened" (https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2020/jul/16/coronavirus-live-update-queensland-prison-covid-19-sydney-casula-hotspots-nsw-victoria-police-dan-andrews-latest-news) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 29 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-87) Commission, Australian Competition and Consumer (21 December 2020). "ACCC takes Lorna Jane to court over 'Anti-virus Activewear' claims" (https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/accc-takes-lorna-jane-to-court-over-anti-virus-activewear-claims) . Australian Competition and Consumer Commission . Retrieved 17 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-88) "Lorna Jane fined $5m by Federal Court for false COVID-19 prevention claims about its clothing" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-23/qld-lorna-jane-fined-5m-false-covid-claims/100318840) . ABC News . 23 July 2021 . Retrieved 23 July 2021 . WikiMiniAtlas 27°25′56″S 153°05′17″E  /  27.4322855°S 153.0880405°E  / -27.4322855; 153.0880405  ( Lorna Jane corporate headquarters ) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐kl9sz Cached time: 20240715051950 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.921 seconds Real time usage: 1.037 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5608/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 173863/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3429/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 346394/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.544/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6908527/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 907.272 1 -total 64.23% 582.773 1 Template:Reflist 47.72% 432.972 75 Template:Cite_web 12.53% 113.667 1 Template:Infobox_company 11.13% 100.951 1 Template:Infobox 6.82% 61.894 1 Template:Short_description 4.08% 36.973 9 Template:Cite_news 3.51% 31.862 2 Template:Pagetype 2.82% 25.562 1 Template:Coord 2.77% 25.131 1 Template:Use_Australian_English Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53313286-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715051950 and revision id 1229092181. 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American journalist This article reads like a press release (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#PROMO) or a news article (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS) and may be largely based on routine coverage (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Routine_coverage) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Kitching&action=edit) and add independent sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . ( July 2018 ) Audrey Lynn Kitching Kitching in 2016 Born Audrey Lynn Kitching ( 1985-07-26 ) July 26, 1985 (age 38) Collingswood (/wiki/Collingswood,_New_Jersey) , New Jersey, U.S. Occupations Model designer stylist blogger Modeling information Height 5 ft 3.75 in (1.62 m) [1] (#cite_note-latimes2-1) Hair color Pink [2] (#cite_note-latimes3-2) Eye color Hazel Website crystalcactus (http://crystalcactus.com) .com (http://crystalcactus.com) Audrey Lynn Kitching (born July 26, 1985) is an American fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blog) , model, and fashion designer, [2] (#cite_note-latimes3-2) [3] (#cite_note-disfunkshion1-3) known for her "pink hair and Lisa Frank (/wiki/Lisa_Frank) vibe". [4] (#cite_note-nylonmag1-4) Kitching is the owner and founder of an online New Age (/wiki/New_Age) store called Crystal Cactus. In February 2019, she became the centre of controversy when The Daily Dot (/wiki/The_Daily_Dot) detailed allegations of emotional abuse and fraud directed towards Kitching by a former employee. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Modeling [ edit ] Kitching was born in Collingswood, New Jersey (/wiki/Collingswood,_New_Jersey) . She began modeling at 14, after being discovered at a hair salon, initially appearing in newspaper ads. After obtaining a high school GED, she modeled for aspiring photographer friends, and started her blogging career by posting the images online. She often works as not only a model, but also art director for her photo shoots. [6] (#cite_note-glassbook1-6) She has been a spokesmodel for designer Jared Gold (/wiki/Jared_Gold) , [7] (#cite_note-7) the British shoe company Irregular Choice (/wiki/Irregular_Choice) , [1] (#cite_note-latimes2-1) [8] (#cite_note-8) the Italian shoe brand Kerol D, and Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) . [1] (#cite_note-latimes2-1) Kitching (who is mostly vegan, except for honey) has appeared in a national Peta2 (/wiki/Peta2) "Fur Is Dead" campaign, and one of its public service announcement against animal testing (/wiki/Animal_testing) in the personal care products industry. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-peta21-10) In 2013, she was selected to be Karmaloop's Miss KL of the Month, and in April 2014 she appeared in a campaign for a Ray Ban (/wiki/Ray_Ban) 's collection, which was featured by Elle Magazine (/wiki/Elle_Magazine) . [11] (#cite_note-karmaloop-11) [12] (#cite_note-rayban-12) She has also appeared in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) Italia . [13] (#cite_note-13) Blogging [ edit ] Kitching was a style editor for SpinMedia (/wiki/SpinMedia) 's now-defunct social media and pop culture website Buzznet (/wiki/Buzznet) , [10] (#cite_note-peta21-10) working with the company for over 6 years since they first found her LiveJournal (/wiki/LiveJournal) blog in 2006. [6] (#cite_note-glassbook1-6) Design [ edit ] Kitching has designed several clothing lines and collections, including her own organic, fair trade luxury fashion brand called LUNA, which was inspired by astrology, positive thinking, ancient ideologies, and magic. [14] (#cite_note-nylon_giveaway-14) She collaborated with Milan (/wiki/Milan) -based footwear company Kerol D Milano in 2014, designing a 12-piece vegan capsule footwear collection featured in Elle Italia . [15] (#cite_note-wwd.com-15) [16] (#cite_note-Elle_Italia-16) [17] (#cite_note-Canadian_Living-17) In 2010, Kitching was one of the designers chosen to work with H&M (/wiki/H%26M) for Designers Against AIDS (/wiki/Designers_Against_AIDS) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Coco de Coeur, Kitching's former clothing line, was described by Nylon as "astonishing," earning comparisons to designs by Meadham Kirchhoff and Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) . [4] (#cite_note-nylonmag1-4) Energy healing and crystal work [ edit ] Kitching, the founder and CEO of Crystal Cactus, is a new age practitioner who does astrology reports, energy healing, crystal work, and readings for others. [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) In early 2013, Kitching created Crystal Cactus, a line of new age (/wiki/New_age) crystal pendant jewelry, holistic spa treatments, and gifts sold in Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) . [20] (#cite_note-urban-20) Kitching also performs aura clearings and chakra and karma balancing. Public backlash came after Kitching's products were revealed to be purchased from Alibaba. Personal life [ edit ] Kitching dated Panic! at the Disco (/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco) 's lead vocalist Brendon Urie (/wiki/Brendon_Urie) in 2005. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Ryder, Caroline (September 23, 2012). "For Audrey Kitching, Success is So Weird" (http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/23/image/la-ig-audrey-kitching-20120923) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How Audrey Kitching in the Pink" (http://www.latimes.com/features/image/la-ig-kitching-side-20120923,0,4231166.story) . Los Angeles Times . September 23, 2012 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-disfunkshion1_3-0) "Audrey Kitching Behind the Scenes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140521220655/http://dfsmag.com/audrey-kitching-behind-the-scenes/) . Disfunkshion Magazine . Archived from the original (http://dfsmag.com/audrey-kitching-behind-the-scenes/) on May 21, 2014 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120709154838/http://www.nylonmag.com/?section=article&parid=8206) . Archived from the original (http://www.nylonmag.com/?section=article&parid=8206) on July 9, 2012 . Retrieved July 3, 2012 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ Jump up to: a b "Audrey Kitching is a Myspace queen turned energy healer. Critics say she's also a fraud" (https://www.dailydot.com/irl/audrey-kitching-fraud/) . The Daily Dot . February 19, 2019 . Retrieved May 5, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tomaszewski, Alexa. "Audrey Kitching" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140521221851/http://www.glass-book.com/v2/audrey-kitching/) . Glassbook Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.glass-book.com/v2/audrey-kitching/) on May 21, 2014 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Ringmaster Jared Gold Debuts His Traveling Circus - Trade Talk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110725225113/http://www.apparelnews.net/blog/detail?id=302) . Apparelnews.net. Archived from the original (http://www.apparelnews.net/blog/detail?id=302) on July 25, 2011 . Retrieved September 3, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Irregular Choice Goes For Growth" (http://www.wwd.com/footwear-news/markets/irregular-choice-goes-for-growth-6007109?module=hp-fn) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) jlh. "Audrey Kitching – Fur Is Dead! | peta2 Blog" (http://blog.peta2.com/2008/03/audrey_kitching_fur_is_dead.html) . Blog.peta2.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722210613/http://blog.peta2.com/2008/03/audrey_kitching_fur_is_dead.html) from the original on July 22, 2011 . Retrieved September 3, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Audrey Kitching: Cruelty-Free Beauty" (http://www.peta2.com/heroes/audrey-kitching-cruelty-free-beauty-2/) . Peta2 . July 25, 2012 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-karmaloop_11-0) "Win $250 with MissKL x Audrey Kitching" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140214094101/http://www.karmaloop.com/contest/nyfw-2014-audrey-kitching) . Karmaloop.com . Archived from the original (http://www.karmaloop.com/contest/nyfw-2014-audrey-kitching) on February 14, 2014 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-rayban_12-0) Studeman, Kristin Tice (April 29, 2014). "Now You Can Design Your Own Ray Bans" (http://www.elle.com/news/fashion-accessories/ray-ban-remix-custom-sunglasses) . Elle.com . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "PhotoVogue - Vogue" (http://www.vogue.it/en/photovogue/Portfolio/e282db57-700e-4732-80fc-ee2a4fa3ae8b/Image) . www.vogue.it . Retrieved November 2, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-nylon_giveaway_14-0) Darwin, Liza (July 25, 2014). "Freebie Friday: Luna" (http://www.nylon.com/articles/audrey-kitching-luna) . Nylon.com . Retrieved August 11, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwd.com_15-0) Lewis, Jacquelyn. "Inside Blogger Audrey Kitching's Closet" (http://www.wwd.com/footwear-news/people/inside-blogger-audrey-kitchings-closet-6977559) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elle_Italia_16-0) "Kerol D Apparel" (http://keroldapparel.com/elle-italia-september-2014/elle-italia-september-2014/) . ^ (#cite_ref-Canadian_Living_17-0) Donaldson, Alexandra (August 6, 2014). "Spotlight: Model and entrepreneur Audrey Kitching" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213955/https://www.canadianliving.com/blogs/style/2014/08/06/spotlight-model-and-entrepreneur-audrey-kitching/) . Archived from the original (https://www.canadianliving.com/blogs/style/2014/08/06/spotlight-model-and-entrepreneur-audrey-kitching/) on August 12, 2014 . Retrieved August 22, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Soccer, Marseille. "Audrey Kitching" (http://www.designersagainstaids.com/friends_of_daa/item/audrey_kitching/) . Designers Against Aids . Retrieved September 3, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_19-0) "Why Crystal-Infused Products Literally Rock" (http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/blogs/daily-beauty-reporter/2016/06/crystal-infused-beauty-products.html) . June 28, 2016 . Retrieved July 11, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-urban_20-0) "Urban Outfitters - Search: Crystal Cactus" (http://www.urbanoutfitters.com/urban/catalog/search.jsp?q=crystal+cactus#/) . UrbanOutfitters.com . Retrieved April 17, 2016 . 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11th and 12th century European shoe with long upturned toe This article is about the 12th-century Western European shoe. Not to be confused with poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) . The Antichrist (/wiki/Antichrist) , depicted in a 1120 copy of Lambert (/wiki/Lambert_of_Saint-Omer) 's Liber Floridus (/wiki/Liber_Floridus) with pigaches or their pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) extended into absurdly long horns, [1] (#cite_note-ruby-1) a style later actually worn as the 14th-century poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) The pigache , also known by other names (#Names) , was a kind of shoe (/wiki/Shoe) with a sharp upturned point at the toes that became popular (/wiki/1100-1200_in_European_fashion) in Western Europe (/wiki/Western_Europe) during the Romanesque Period (/wiki/Romanesque_Period) . The same name is also sometimes applied to earlier similar Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_culture) footwear. Names [ edit ] Priestly (/wiki/Vestment) Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_clothing) Egyptian (/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt) footwear (5th–8th cent.) , sometimes conflated with the later pigaches Fulk (/wiki/Fulk_le_Rechin) , King Philip (/wiki/Philip_I_of_France) , Bertha (/wiki/Bertha_of_Holland) , and Bertrade (/wiki/Bertrade_of_Montfort) , from the Chronicle of St Denis (14th cent.) The English (/wiki/English_language) name pigache was borrowed (/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)) from French (/wiki/French_language) , where the name was originally used for a kind of hoe (/wiki/Hoe_(tool)) and as a hunting (/wiki/Hunting) term for a wild boar (/wiki/Wild_boar) hoofprint (/wiki/Hoofprint) longer on one side than the other. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Alembert1751-2) It appeared in Medieval Latin (/wiki/Medieval_Latin) as pigacia (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pigacia) [3] (#cite_note-chibi-3) [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) and pigatia (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pigatia) . [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page192mode2upviewtheater_190–193]-5) The pigache is also known as the pigage , [6] (#cite_note-bossan-6) pulley shoe , [7] (#cite_note-aird-7) [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoatsworth_&_al.2018349-8) pulley toe , [1] (#cite_note-ruby-1) or pulley-toe shoe . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYarrow2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjc_CAwAAQBAJpgPA112_112]-9) Less often, Orderic Vitalis (/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis) 's terms of opprobrium are reworked into names: scorpion's tail or ram's horn shoe . [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYarwood1980163-10) The name pigache is also sometimes also applied to earlier pointed Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_culture) footwear from as early as the 5th century. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewandowski2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPeXfpsvFyysCpgPA229_229]-11) It is also simply glossed as a pointed-toe shoe [12] (#cite_note-yarwood-12) and sometimes conflated with the later poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) . Design [ edit ] Pigaches in an 11th cent. illumination (/wiki/Manuscript_illumination) from an Aquitaine (/wiki/Aquitaine) tonary (/wiki/Tonary) The pigache had a pointed and curved toe, [6] (#cite_note-bossan-6) which Orderic Vitalis (/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis) compared with the tail of a scorpion (/wiki/Scorpion) [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) ( quasi caudas scorpionum ). [3] (#cite_note-chibi-3) The shoes were sometimes stuffed to make the extension firmer and more erect. The end of the toe was sometimes adorned with a small bell. [6] (#cite_note-bossan-6) The points of pigaches were, however, more moderate in length than the later poulaines (/wiki/Poulaines) [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) which spread from Poland (/wiki/Medieval_Poland) in the 14th century. History [ edit ] William Rufus (/wiki/William_Rufus) in pigaches in a 1915 illustration of the life of St Anselm (/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury) The pigache was worn in the late 11th [12] (#cite_note-yarwood-12) and early 12th century [6] (#cite_note-bossan-6) and excited the ridicule of poets and historians and the censure of clergy [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) to the point it is sometimes described as "notorious". [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoatsworth_&_al.2018349-8) St Anselm (/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury) banned its use by English clerics (/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_in_England) at the 1102 Synod of Westminster (/wiki/1102_Synod_of_Westminster) , alongside enacting the Gregorian Reform (/wiki/Gregorian_Reform) and prohibiting slavery (/wiki/Slavery_in_England) , sodomy (/wiki/Sodomy) , clerical marriage (/wiki/Clerical_marriage) , and the inheritance of benefices (/wiki/Benefice) and other forms of simony (/wiki/Simony) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry1890[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUj8uAAAAYAAJpgPA190_190]-13) As a returning papal legate (/wiki/Papal_legate) , the former professor Robert de Courson (/wiki/Robert_de_Courson) banned other faculty of the University of Paris (/wiki/University_of_Paris) from wearing them in August 1215. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobert_de_Courson1215-14) The same year, the Fourth Lateran Council (/wiki/Fourth_Lateran_Council) also banned them for Catholic (/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church) clergy (/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church) . [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberigo_&_al.1973-15) [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDittmar_&_al.2021-16) Orderic Vitalis (/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis) blamed the creation of the pigache on Fulk (/wiki/Fulk_le_Rechin) of Anjou (/wiki/Anjou_(region)) [7] (#cite_note-aird-7) (1043–1109), claiming he used it to disguise the deformity of his bunions (/wiki/Bunion) [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) [17] (#cite_note-sodom-17) [3] (#cite_note-chibi-3) from his young bride Bertrade (/wiki/Bertrade_of_Montfort) in 1089. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchibanoff2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid2HERnl-vqkoCpgPA36_36]-18) [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAird2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3PssmLmp4LMCpgPA127_127–128]-19) The fashion historian (/wiki/Fashion_historian) Ruth Wilcox offers that it may have been a simple adaptation of the Normans (/wiki/Normans) ' sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) , which they had extended to a point and turned down in the late 11th century to better hold their stirrups (/wiki/Stirrup) during battle. [20] (#cite_note-rtw-20) The pigache became common in England (/wiki/Kingdom_of_England) under William Rufus (/wiki/William_Rufus) ( r . 1087–1100), whose courtier (/wiki/Courtier) Robert the Horny ( Robertus Cornardus ) [17] (#cite_note-sodom-17) used tow (/wiki/Tow_(fibre)) to curl the ends of his shoes into the form of a ram (/wiki/Sheep) 's horn (/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)) [4] (#cite_note-planche-4) ( instar cornu arietis ). [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page186mode2upviewtheater_186–189]-21) Orderic blamed the spread as caused by and contributing to the effeminate (/wiki/Effeminacy) men ( effeminati ) and "foul catamites (/wiki/Catamite) " ( foedi catamitae ) involved in the royal courts (/wiki/Royal_courts) of Europe (/wiki/Medieval_Europe) , [17] (#cite_note-sodom-17) while simultaneously describing how most courtiers adopted the fashion to " seek the favors of women (/wiki/Heterosexuality) with every kind of lewdness". [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMills2015[httpsbooksgooglecombookside6J0BgAAQBAJpgPA83_83]-22) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page188mode2upviewtheater_188–189]-23) William of Malmesbury (/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury) similarly condemned the shoes in terms questioning the wearers' masculinity. [1] (#cite_note-ruby-1) Guibert of Nogent (/wiki/Guibert_of_Nogent) , while no less dismissive, associated the style more with women and blamed its origin on footwear exported from Islamic (/wiki/Muslim_Spain) Cordoba (/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba) , whose residents he separately associated with effeminacy and homosexual (/wiki/Homosexuality) rape (/wiki/Homosexual_rape) . [1] (#cite_note-ruby-1) After its initial excesses reaching about 2 inches (5 cm) beyond the foot, [20] (#cite_note-rtw-20) the style settled into a more conservative and compact form for a century until the Black Death (/wiki/Black_Death) and the spread of the still more excessive poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) style from Poland (/wiki/Medieval_Poland) in the mid-14th century. [12] (#cite_note-yarwood-12) See also [ edit ] Duckbill shoe (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Pointed shoes (/wiki/Pointed_shoe_(disambiguation)) 1100–1200 in European fashion (/wiki/1100%E2%80%931200_in_European_fashion) 1200–1300 in European fashion (/wiki/1200%E2%80%931300_in_European_fashion) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rubenstein (2019) (#CITEREFRubenstein2019) , p. 38 (https://books.google.com/books?id=bdB2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTED'Alembert1751_2-0) D'Alembert (1751) (#CITEREFD'Alembert1751) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Chibnall (1973) (#CITEREFChibnall1973) , pp. 186–187 (https://archive.org/details/chibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4/page/186/mode/2up?view=theater) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Planché (1876) (#CITEREFPlanché1876) , p. 459 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jGMYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA459) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page192mode2upviewtheater_190–193]_5-0) Chibnall (1973) (#CITEREFChibnall1973) , pp. 190–193 (https://archive.org/details/chibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4/page/192/mode/2up?view=theater) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bossan (2012) (#CITEREFBossan2012) , p. 266 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ifj9h4Z4YQC&pg=PA266) . ^ Jump up to: a b Aird (2016) (#CITEREFAird2016) , p. 196 (https://books.google.com/books?id=743gDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA196) . ^ Jump up to: a b Coatsworth & al. (2018) (#CITEREFCoatsworth_&_al.2018) , p. 349. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYarrow2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidjc_CAwAAQBAJpgPA112_112]_9-0) Yarrow (2011) (#CITEREFYarrow2011) , p. 112 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jc_CAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYarwood1980163_10-0) Yarwood (1980) (#CITEREFYarwood1980) , p. 163. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewandowski2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidPeXfpsvFyysCpgPA229_229]_11-0) Lewandowski (2011) (#CITEREFLewandowski2011) , p. 229 (https://books.google.com/books?id=PeXfpsvFyysC&pg=PA229) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Yarwood (1978) (#CITEREFYarwood1978) , p. 366 (https://books.google.com/books?id=UdP_sSKIxf0C&pg=PA366) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry1890[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidUj8uAAAAYAAJpgPA190_190]_13-0) Perry (1890) (#CITEREFPerry1890) , p. 190 (https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj8uAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA190) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobert_de_Courson1215_14-0) Robert de Courson (1215) (#CITEREFRobert_de_Courson1215) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlberigo_&_al.1973_15-0) Alberigo & al. (1973) (#CITEREFAlberigo_&_al.1973) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDittmar_&_al.2021_16-0) Dittmar & al. (2021) (#CITEREFDittmar_&_al.2021) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Mills (2015) (#CITEREFMills2015) , p. 82 (https://books.google.com/books?id=e6J0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchibanoff2006[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid2HERnl-vqkoCpgPA36_36]_18-0) Schibanoff (2006) (#CITEREFSchibanoff2006) , p. 36 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2HERnl-vqkoC&pg=PA36) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAird2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid3PssmLmp4LMCpgPA127_127–128]_19-0) Aird (2008) (#CITEREFAird2008) , pp. 127–128 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3PssmLmp4LMC&pg=PA127) . ^ Jump up to: a b Wilcox (1948) (#CITEREFWilcox1948) , p. 65 (https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxez-N1HO5kC&pg=PA65) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page186mode2upviewtheater_186–189]_21-0) Chibnall (1973) (#CITEREFChibnall1973) , pp. 186–189 (https://archive.org/details/chibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4/page/186/mode/2up?view=theater) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMills2015[httpsbooksgooglecombookside6J0BgAAQBAJpgPA83_83]_22-0) Mills (2015) (#CITEREFMills2015) , p. 83 (https://books.google.com/books?id=e6J0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChibnall1973[httpsarchiveorgdetailschibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4page188mode2upviewtheater_188–189]_23-0) Chibnall (1973) (#CITEREFChibnall1973) , pp. 188–189 (https://archive.org/details/chibnall-orderic-vitalis-vol-4/page/188/mode/2up?view=theater) . Bibliography [ edit ] Aird, William M. (2008), Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy (c. 1050–1134) , Woodbridge (/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk) : Boydell Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84383-660-5 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814021537/https://books.google.com/books?id=3PssmLmp4LMC) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Aird, William M. (2016), "Orderic's Secular Rulers and Representations of Personality and Power in the (https://books.google.com/books?id=743gDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189) Historia Ecclesiastica " (https://books.google.com/books?id=743gDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189) , Orderic Vitalis: Life, Works, and Interpretations , Woodbridge (/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk) : Boydell Press, pp. 189–216, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78327-125-2 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814021523/https://books.google.com/books?id=743gDQAAQBAJ) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Alberigo, J.; et al., eds. (1973), "Concilium Lateranense IV a. 1215" (http://www.internetsv.info/Archive/CLateranense4.pdf) (PDF) , Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta (in Latin), pp. 230–271, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230712161340/http://www.internetsv.info/Archive/CLateranense4.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2023 , retrieved 12 July 2023 . Bossan, Marie-Josèphe (2012), The Art of the Shoe , New York: Parkstone International, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78042-958-8 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814021525/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ifj9h4Z4YQC) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 21 December 2021 . Coatsworth, Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_Coatsworth) ; et al. (2018), Clothing the Past: Surviving Garments from Early Medieval to Early Modern Western Europe , Leiden: Brill . D'Alembert, Diderot (/wiki/Diderot) , ed. (1751), " Pigache (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:L%E2%80%99Encyclop%C3%A9die/1re_%C3%A9dition/PIGACHE) ", L'Encyclopédie (/wiki/Diderot%27s_Encyclopedia) (in French), vol. XII, Paris, p. 610 . Dittmar, Jenna M.; et al. (December 2021), "Fancy Shoes and Painful Feet: Hallux Valgus and Fracture Risk in Medieval Cambridge, England", International Journal of Paleopathology , vol. 35, Los Angeles: Paleopathology Association, pp. 90–100, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.012 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpp.2021.04.012) , hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2164/17718 (https://hdl.handle.net/2164%2F17718) , PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8631459 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8631459) , PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 34120868 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34120868) . Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011), The Complete Costume Dictionary , Lanham (/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland) : Scarecrow Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8108-4004-1 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814021545/https://books.google.com/books?id=PeXfpsvFyysC) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Mills, Robert (2015), Seeing Sodomy in the Middle Ages , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-226-16926-2 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814021526/https://books.google.com/books?id=e6J0BgAAQBAJ) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Orderic Vitalis (/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis) (1973), Chibnall, Marjorie (/wiki/Marjorie_Chibnall) (ed.), The Ecclesiastical History... , vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press . Perry, George Gresley (1890), A History of the English Church: First Period: From the Planting of the Church in Britain to the Accession of Henry VIII. 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Rubenstein, Jay (/wiki/Jay_Rubenstein) (2019), Nebuchadnezzar's Dream: The Crusades, Apocalyptic Prophecy, and the End of History , Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-027420-7 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814023729/https://books.google.com/books?id=bdB2DwAAQBAJ) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Schibanoff, Susan (2006), Chaucer's Queer Poetics: Rereading the Dream Trio , Toronto: University of Toronto Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8020-9035-5 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814023729/https://books.google.com/books?id=2HERnl-vqkoC) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Wilcox, Ruth Turner (1948), The Mode in Footwear , New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-46761-0 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814023730/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxez-N1HO5kC) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Yarrow, Simon (2011), "Men and Masculinities at the Courts of the Anglo-Norman Kings in the Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis", The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History , vol. 23, Woodbridge (/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk) : Boydell Press, pp. 115–124, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84383-889-0 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814023730/https://books.google.com/books?id=jc_CAwAAQBAJ) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Yarwood, Doreen (/wiki/Doreen_Yarwood) (1978), Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Costume , London: B.T. Batsford, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-43380-6 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230814023736/https://books.google.com/books?id=UdP_sSKIxf0C) from the original on 14 August 2023 , retrieved 4 August 2023 . Yarwood, Doreen (/wiki/Doreen_Yarwood) (1980), Costume of the Western World... , Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge,_England) : Lutterworth Press . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes 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Short, tight shorts This article is about the item of clothing. For other uses, see Hot Pants (/wiki/Hot_Pants_(disambiguation)) . Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) hotpants modelled by Larysa Poznyak for Bebe (/wiki/Bebe_Stores) , 2008 Man wearing pink hotpants for a gay pride (/wiki/Gay_pride) event, 2010 Hotpants or hot pants are extremely short shorts (/wiki/Shorts) . The term was first used by Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) in 1970 to describe shorts made in luxury fabrics such as velvet and satin for fashionable wear, rather than their more practical equivalents that had been worn for sports or leisure since the 1930s. Hotpants are worn above the knees around the thigh area. The term has since become a generic term for any pair of extremely short shorts. While hotpants were briefly a very popular element of mainstream fashion in the early 1970s, by the mid-1970s they had become associated with the sex industry (/wiki/Sex_industry) , which contributed to their fall from fashion. However, hotpants continued to be popular as clubwear (/wiki/Clubwear) well into the 2010s and are often worn within the entertainment industry, particularly as part of cheerleader (/wiki/Cheerleader) costumes or for dancers (especially backup dancers (/wiki/Backup_dancer) ). Performers such as Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) and Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) have famously worn hotpants as part of their public performances and presentation. Origins and terminology [ edit ] While the term "hotpants" is used generically to describe extremely short shorts, [1] (#cite_note-50yrs-1) similar garments had been worn since the 1930s. [1] (#cite_note-50yrs-1) These garments, however, were designed mainly for sports, beachwear and leisure wear, while hotpants were innovative in that they were made from non-activewear fabrics such as velvet, silk, crochet, fur and leather, and styled explicitly to be worn on the street, for parties, or even as bridal wear. [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) [3] (#cite_note-cumming-3) [4] (#cite_note-steele-4) Dorothy Tricario, a fashion curator at the Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) told The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) in 1971 that hotpants were part of a greater nostalgic revival of 1930s and 1940s fashion, specifically the short posing shorts worn by Hollywood stars like Ruby Keeler (/wiki/Ruby_Keeler) , Deanna Durbin (/wiki/Deanna_Durbin) , and Betty Grable (/wiki/Betty_Grable) . [5] (#cite_note-klemesrud-5) However, Tricario also observed that shorts had never before had such widespread acceptance as street or business wear as they did in early 1971. [5] (#cite_note-klemesrud-5) According to the fashion publicist Eleanor Lambert (/wiki/Eleanor_Lambert) , the term "hot pants" was coined by Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) ( WWD ) in 1970 to describe fashions innovated by the French ready-to-wear company Dorothée Bis (/w/index.php?title=Doroth%C3%A9e_Bis&action=edit&redlink=1) . [6] (#cite_note-lambert-6) The WWD claim to have originated the term is also backed up by 1971 articles in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) and the African-American magazine Jet (/wiki/Jet_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-klemesrud-5) [7] (#cite_note-jet-7) Jet ' s fashion editor, Audrey Smaltz, suggested that because hotpants were best suited to Black women, they should be called "Knockout Shorts" as that name was more "relevant to Blacks", expressing the fashionable African-American woman's pride in her "knockout body" as well as paying tribute to Black identity and recent struggles (/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement) . [7] (#cite_note-jet-7) Other alternative names included "les shorts", "short cuts", "cool pants", and "shortootsies", with "booty shorts" as an early 21st-century term. [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) Today, the term hotpants can be used for casual (/wiki/Casual_attire) as well as fashion-wear short-shorts made in any fabric. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-rio-9) While hotpants were principally marketed to women, men were also targeted, and the term can describe very short men's shorts. [1] (#cite_note-50yrs-1) [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) [9] (#cite_note-rio-9) [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) Reception [ edit ] At the end of the 1960s, the fashion industry had tried unsuccessfully to promote the mid-calf-length or midi skirt as a fashionable replacement for the miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) . [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) [7] (#cite_note-jet-7) In contrast to the lukewarm response to the midi, shoppers enthusiastically embraced the idea of short shorts, which were made available at all price levels from haute couture to inexpensive ready-to-wear. [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) Lambert credits Mariuccia Mandelli (/wiki/Mariuccia_Mandelli) of the Italian fashion label Krizia (/wiki/Krizia) with designing the first "hot pants" in 1970. [6] (#cite_note-lambert-6) Hotpants are also increasingly credited to Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) , who offered brief shorts in the late 1960s, [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) although these were intended as modesty knickers to wear with matching minidresses rather than standalone fashion garments. [14] (#cite_note-14) Many designers from across the Western world produced their own versions of hotpants at all price levels, including Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , Halston (/wiki/Halston) , and Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) . [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) Mass-produced versions were also sold through the Sears (/wiki/Sears) mail-order catalogue. [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) Hotpants were available for women, men and children, although they were principally worn by women. [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) bought a pair for wear while yachting, [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) while other high-profile wearers included Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Raquel Welch (/wiki/Raquel_Welch) , and Jane Fonda (/wiki/Jane_Fonda) . [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) Hotpants were also worn by particularly adventurous men such as David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) , Sammy Davis Jr. (/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr.) and Liberace (/wiki/Liberace) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Hotpants for men were slightly longer than the women's versions, although they were still shorter than usual. [1] (#cite_note-50yrs-1) The James Brown (/wiki/James_Brown) song " Hot Pants (She Got to Use What She Got to Get What She Wants) (/wiki/Hot_Pants_(James_Brown_song)) ", released in August 1971, was, according to his trombonist Fred Wesley (/wiki/Fred_Wesley) , inspired by the sight of women of all colours wearing hotpants in a wide range of materials in the Black and White Club, Brussels. [16] (#cite_note-16) The historian Valerie Steele (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) noted that hotpants, both as a name, and as a garment, quickly became associated with sexuality and prostitution (/wiki/Prostitution) due to their popularity with male spectators (/wiki/Male_gaze) . [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) [4] (#cite_note-steele-4) In January 1971, a Manhattan-based male psychiatrist suggested that the popularity of hotpants lay in how they expressed a "female's new freedom", borrowing his phrasing from the women's liberation movement (/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement) , [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) but then went on to suggest that the wearer of hotpants wanted to relate to other people by drawing attention through "sexually provocative" dressing as a "prelude to a genuine relationship". [5] (#cite_note-klemesrud-5) By the mid-1970s, extremely short shorts had become shorthand for prostitution, particularly underage prostitution, as exemplified by the 1976 film Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver) , in which Jodie Foster (/wiki/Jodie_Foster) 's child-prostitute character was dressed in a pair of hotpants. [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) Such associations contributed to hotpants becoming unattractive as a part of a woman's everyday wardrobe, although they remained popular wear in entertainment, party-wear and some evening contexts. [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) The controversial associations with hotpants were still an issue in 1999, when Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) posed for a photoshoot in Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) wearing a pink pair. [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) The photographs, taken by David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) , presented Spears in provocative poses, surrounded by dolls and tricycles, with the word "Baby" rhinestoned (/wiki/Rhinestone) across the seat of her hotpants, and led to widespread media debate and public commentary about whether it was appropriate for role models for young girls to present themselves in such a "highly sexualised" manner. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2000, Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) notably wore a pair of gold lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) hotpants in her music video for " Spinning Around (/wiki/Spinning_Around) ", which led to widespread media focus on the garment and the singer's body within. [18] (#cite_note-legacymusicdocumentary-18) [19] (#cite_note-legacysydneymorningherald-19) The hotpants were eventually donated by Minogue to the Performing Arts Collection (/wiki/Performing_Arts_Collection) museum at the Arts Centre, Melbourne (/wiki/Arts_Centre_Melbourne) , where they are described as "one of the most identifiable items of contemporary popular culture." [20] (#cite_note-hotpantsdonatedcontactmusic-20) Hotpants, also called booty shorts, continue being popular well into the 2010s, and are often seen in particular contexts such as Miami (/wiki/Miami) 's South Beach (/wiki/South_Beach) and Venice Beach (/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , whose beach-to-bar environments have unique dress codes. [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) In uniforms [ edit ] Philadelphia Phillies Hot Pants Patrol uniform, 1975 A Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys_Cheerleaders) wearing uniform hotpants, 2011 Hotpants can also be part of a uniform worn by cheerleaders (as made popular by the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys_Cheerleaders) ) and performers, or required wear in certain service industries (such as the Hooters (/wiki/Hooters) restaurant chain). [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) Southwest Airlines (/wiki/Southwest_Airlines) became notorious for the hotpants uniform they supplied for their stewardesses (/wiki/Flight_attendant) (nicknamed "Love Birds") in 1971, as featured in an ad campaign with the slogan "Someone Else Up There Who Loves You." [21] (#cite_note-whitelegg-21) The tangerine-coloured uniforms (designed by Juanice Gunn Muse, the wife of M. Lamar Muse, the Southwest Airlines president) were worn by girls who were chosen for their good looks and friendliness. [22] (#cite_note-22) Lamar Muse boasted that having beautiful attendants in hotpants ensured that male passengers would fight to sit on the aisle rather than by the window. [21] (#cite_note-whitelegg-21) However, feminist (/wiki/Feminist) organisations such as Stewardesses for Women's Rights (/wiki/Women%27s_Rights) protested and lobbied against the uniform. [23] (#cite_note-23) Also in 1971, the Hot Pants Patrol (/wiki/Hot_Pants_Patrol) was introduced as an elite corps of female ushers (/wiki/Usher_(occupation)) for the Philadelphia Phillies (/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies) baseball (/wiki/Baseball) team, with the intention of attracting greater audiences for the games. [24] (#cite_note-gazette-24) While the majority of "Fillies" wore white microskirts (/wiki/Microskirt) as part of their uniform, the 36 members of the Hot Pants Patrol wore a red hotpants jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) with white vinyl go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) . [24] (#cite_note-gazette-24) After pressure from feminist organisations, the Phillies retired the Hot Pants Patrol in 1982. [25] (#cite_note-25) Hotpants or booty shorts remain a popular costume for cheerleaders and dancers, particularly hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) performers, and are frequently worn by backup dancers (/wiki/Backup_dancer) . [2] (#cite_note-moore-2) [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) The uniform of the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys_Cheerleaders) consists of hotpants and midriff tops (/wiki/Crop_top) . [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) In the early 21st century hotpants continue to be part of certain service industry uniforms, particularly where the wearers are likely to serve a predominantly male clientele. One example of this is Hooters (/wiki/Hooters) , where the servers (or "Hooters Girls") wear orange Dolphin shorts (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) along with a tight tank top, pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) and a bra (/wiki/Bra) . [10] (#cite_note-girlculture-10) Extremely short shorts have also seen use within military use. Unofficially, members of the Rhodesian (/wiki/Rhodesian_Security_Forces) and South African (/wiki/South_African_Defence_Force) armed forces wore extremely short shorts due to fighting in the hot climates there. The Austrian Army (/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Army) also used short shorts for PT wear. See also [ edit ] Daisy Dukes (/wiki/Daisy_Dukes) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Stubbies (brand) (/wiki/Stubbies_(brand)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Russell, I. Willis; Porter, Mary Gray (1993). "Among The New Words" (https://books.google.com/books?id=3x-umCIwEYQC&pg=PA167) . In Algeo, John; Algeo, Adele S. (eds.). Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms 1941–1991 . Cambridge University Press (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) . pp. 167–168. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780521449717 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Moore, Jennifer Grayer (2015-12-14). Fashion Fads Through American History: Fitting Clothes into Context . ABC-CLIO. pp. 68–71. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610699020 . ^ (#cite_ref-cumming_3-0) Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P.E. (2010). The dictionary of fashion history . Oxford: Berg. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847887382 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steele, Valerie (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) (2000). Fifty years of fashion: new look to now (English ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . p. 87. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300087383 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Klemesrud, Judy (January 31, 1971). "Is That a Way to Save Face? Sell Hot Pants." (https://books.google.com/books?id=rXzoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT575) . In Haberman, Clyde (ed.). New York Times: The Times of the Seventies: The Culture, Politics, and Personalities that Shaped the Decade . Hachette Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781603763332 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lambert, Eleanor (/wiki/Eleanor_Lambert) (1976). World of fashion: people, places, resources . New York: R. R. Bowker Co. pp. 53, 132. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780835206273 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Smaltz, Audrey (25 March 1971). "HotPants, Or 'Knockout-Shorts', Worn By Sexy, Proud Women!" (https://books.google.com/books?id=sDcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42) . Jet . Johnson Publishing Company: 42–43. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sieczkowski, Cavan (19 May 2014). "Jennifer Lopez Wears Leather Hotpants Like No Other" (http://huffingtonpost.in/entry/jennifer-lopez-leather-hotpants_n_5350989) . Huffington Post India . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Singh, Anita (16 June 2009). "Rio Ferdinand emulates Ronaldo in hotpants" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/5551408/Rio-Ferdinand-emulates-Ronaldo-in-hotpants.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 4 February 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Peril, Lynn (2008). "Hot Pants" (https://books.google.com/books?id=arQy0v_PBx4C&pg=PA362) . In Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (eds.). Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide . ABC-CLIO. pp. 362–3. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313339097 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry . Scarecrow Press. 19 November 2007. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810864191 . Retrieved 8 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Werlin, Katy (2015). "Hot Pants" (https://books.google.com/books?id=hDkVCwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA160) . In Blanco F., José; Hunt-Hurst, Patricia Kay; Lee, Heather Vaughan; et al. (eds.). Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe . ABC-CLIO. p. 160. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610693103 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hamer, Louise; Blum, Stella (1 January 1981). Clark, Rowena (ed.). Fabulous Fashion 1907–67: Exhibition from the Costume Institute, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York . International Cultural Corporation of Australia. p. 94. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Milford-Cottam, Daniel (2020). Fashion in the 1960s . Shire Publications. pp. 16–17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781784424084 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Stewart, Gail (1999). The 1970s . Lucent Books. p. 66 (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781560065579/page/66) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781560065579 . By 1972, there were even a few adventurous men wearing hot pants, including singers David Bowie, Sammy Davis Jr., and Liberace, who wore a red-white-and-blue pair ^ (#cite_ref-16) Wesley, Fred (2002-09-25). Hit Me, Fred: Recollections of a Sideman . Duke University Press (/wiki/Duke_University_Press) . p. 138 (https://archive.org/details/hitmefredrecolle00wesl/page/138) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 082238695X . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Duke, Andrea; Cornish, Lindsay (30 December 2007). "Britney Spears" (https://books.google.com/books?id=arQy0v_PBx4C&pg=PA547) . In Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (eds.). Girl Culture: Studying girl culture: a readers' guide . ABC-CLIO. pp. 547–550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313339097 . ^ (#cite_ref-legacymusicdocumentary_18-0) Halligan, Benjamin; Edgar, Robert; Fairclough-Isaacs, Kirsty (26 June 2013). The Music Documentary: Acid Rock to Electropop . London: Routledge. p. 228. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-52802-3 . Retrieved 13 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-legacysydneymorningherald_19-0) Ricketson, Matthew (27 July 2002). "Kylie's seat of power" (http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/26/1027497413397.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 13 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-hotpantsdonatedcontactmusic_20-0) "Kylie Minogue – Kylie Minogue Donates Famous Hot Pants To Australian Museum" (http://www.contactmusic.com/story/kylie-minogue-donates-famous-hot-pants-to-australian-museum_4067719) . Contactmusic.com (/wiki/Contactmusic.com) . 14 February 2014 . Retrieved 14 February 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Whitelegg, Drew (2007-06-01). Working the Skies: The Fast-paced, Disorienting World of the Flight Attendant . NYU Press. pp. 48 (https://archive.org/details/workingskiesfast0000whit/page/48) –49. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780814794074 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Wald, Matthew L. (7 February 2007). "M. Lamar Muse, 86, Dies; Led Southwest Airlines" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/business/07muse.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 26 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Tiemeyer, Phil (2013). Plane Queer: Labor, Sexuality, and AIDS in the History of Male Flight Attendants . University of California Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520274778 . ^ Jump up to: a b "City of Brotherly Love gets Hot Pants Patrol" (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56f019dd45bf2132b08f9d08/579baa4f20099e4b9b917212/579baa5c20099e4b9b9172a3/1469819487258/philush6.png) . The Montreal Gazette . Associated Press. 2 April 1971. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "The Phillies "Hot Pants Patrol" Was Indeed A Thing, Once Upon A Time" (http://www.philebrity.com/blog/2016/7/29/slideshow-the-phillies-hot-pants-patrol-was-indeed-a-thing-once-upon-a-time) . PHILEBRITY . Retrieved 21 April 2017 . External links [ edit ] Staff writer (29 January 1971). "An improbable fashion fad arrives in midwinter: HOT PANTS" (https://books.google.com/books?id=olMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36) . LIFE . Time Inc. 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Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Top Bra (/wiki/Bra) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Bottom Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Training pants (/wiki/Training_pants) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk 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Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume (/wiki/Costume) creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) Environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Fur clothing (/wiki/Fur_clothing) types (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur) Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Laws 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hotpants&oldid=1227766681 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hotpants&oldid=1227766681) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1970 neologisms (/wiki/Category:1970_neologisms) 1970s fads and trends (/wiki/Category:1970s_fads_and_trends) 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) 2000s fashion (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) 2010s fashion (/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) Clubwear (/wiki/Category:Clubwear) Dancewear (/wiki/Category:Dancewear) Trousers and shorts (/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers)
Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) This is a list of shoe styles and designs . A shoe (/wiki/Shoe) is an item of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) intended to protect and comfort the human foot while doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to function. Additionally, fashion (/wiki/Fashion) has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost. Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand. Traditional handicraft (/wiki/Handicraft) shoemaking has now been largely superseded in volume (/wiki/Quantity) of shoes produced by industrial mass production (/wiki/Mass_production) of footwear, but not necessarily in quality (/wiki/Quality_(business)) , attention to detail, or craftsmanship (/wiki/Artisan) . Shoe styles [ edit ] Shoe designers have described a very large number of shoe styles, including the following: Leather ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) , with feet shown in fifth position (/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet#Positions_of_the_feet) . A cantabrian albarca (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarca) is a rustic wooden shoe in one piece, which has been used particularly by the peasants of Cantabria (/wiki/Cantabria) , northern Spain (/wiki/Green_Spain) . [1] (#cite_note-Las_albarcas_en_El_Diario_Montañés-1) [2] (#cite_note-Gran_Enciclopedia_de_Cantabria-2) A black derby shoe (/wiki/Derby_shoe) with a Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) and leather sole Abaca slippers (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarka (/wiki/Abarka) Air Forces (/wiki/Air_Force_(shoe)) Avarca (/wiki/Avarca) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Ballet boot (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Ballet flat (/wiki/Ballet_flat) Ballet shoe (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Pointe shoe (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) Bast shoe (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Biblical sandals (/wiki/Biblical_sandals) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Boat shoe (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Australian work (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Beatle (/wiki/Beatle_boot) Bovver (/wiki/Bovver_boot) Caulk (/wiki/Caulk_boots) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_boots) Chap (/wiki/Chap_boot) Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) Chukka (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Desert (/wiki/Chukka_boot#Desert_boot) Combat (/wiki/Combat_boot) Desert combat (/wiki/Desert_combat_boot) Jungle (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Dress (/wiki/Dress_boot) Engineer (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Go-go (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Gutals (/wiki/Gutals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Hiking (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Hip (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jackboot (/wiki/Jackboot) Jodhpur (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Jump (/wiki/Jump_boot) Knee-high (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Mountaineering (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Rigger (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Safari (/wiki/Safari_boot) Sheepskin (/wiki/Sheepskin_boots) Thigh-high (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Tzangion (/wiki/Tzangion) Ugg (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Brogan (/wiki/Brogan_(shoes)) Brogue (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creeper (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Buskin (/wiki/Buskin) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Calceus (/wiki/Calceus) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Chopine (/wiki/Chopine) Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Cleats (/wiki/Football_boot) Climbing shoe (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Clog (/wiki/Clog) British clog (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Turkish clogs (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) (British English), pump (American English), or d'Orsay pumps (/wiki/D%27Orsay_pumps) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) Cross country running shoe (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoe (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Diabetic shoe (/wiki/Diabetic_shoe) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Duckbill (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Driving moccasins (/wiki/Driving_moccasins) Earth shoe (/wiki/Earth_shoe) Elevator shoes (/wiki/Elevator_shoes) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) Flamenco shoe (/wiki/Flamenco_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Gomusin (/wiki/Gomusin) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hanfu footwear (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Heelys (/wiki/Heelys) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) High-top (/wiki/High-top) Hiking shoes (/wiki/Hiking_boot#Types) A traditional galesh (/wiki/Galesh) High-heeled shoes (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) with a stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) A woman wearing jelly shoes (/wiki/Jelly_shoes) Girl wearing sandals held to the feet by both thong and straps. A soft-soled moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) A pair of men's Blue branded side-gusset slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Venetian (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) loafers Hnyat-phanat (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jazz shoe (/wiki/Jazz_shoe) Jelly shoes (/wiki/Jelly_shoes) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kitten heel (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Klomp (/wiki/Klomp) Kolhapuri chappal (/wiki/Kolhapuri_Chappal) Kung fu shoe (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Light-up shoes (/wiki/Light-up_shoes) Loafer, see Slip-on (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Mary Jane (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) Monk shoe (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Motorcycle boot (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mukluk (/wiki/Mukluk) Mule (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Multani Khussa (/wiki/Multani_Khussa) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanak (/wiki/Opanak) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Organ shoes (/wiki/Organ_shoes) Orthopaedic footwear (/wiki/Orthopaedic_footwear) Over-the-knee boot (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Oxford shoe (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) Pampootie (/wiki/Pampootie) Patten (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoe (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Penny loafer, see Slip-on (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Peranakan beaded slippers (/wiki/Peranakan_beaded_slippers) Peshawari chappal (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Pigache (/wiki/Pigache) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Plimsoll (/wiki/Plimsoll_shoe) Pointinini (/wiki/Pointinini) Poulaine (/wiki/Poulaine) Pulhoer (/wiki/Pulhoer) Racing flat (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boots) Rocker bottom shoe (/wiki/Rocker_bottom_shoe) Roller shoe (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Rope-soled shoe (/wiki/Rope-soled_shoe) Russian boot (/wiki/Russian_boot) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Saddle shoe (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Sailing boots (/wiki/Seaboot) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Coiled sewn (/wiki/Coiled_sewn_sandals) Ho Chi Minh (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_sandals) Saltwater (/wiki/Saltwater_sandals) Toe shoe Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Skate shoe (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boot (/wiki/Ski_boot) Slide (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slingback (/wiki/Slingback) Slip-on (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) , or loafers Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers_(footwear)) Trail running shoes (/wiki/Trail_running#Equipment) Snow boot (/wiki/Snow_boot) Soccus (/wiki/Soccus) Spectator shoe (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Spool heel (/wiki/Spool_heel) Steel-toe boot (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Tap shoes (/wiki/Tap_shoe) T-bar sandal (/wiki/T-bar_sandal) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Toe shoe (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouhi) Turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) Valenki (/wiki/Valenki) Veldskoen (/wiki/Veldskoen) Venetian-style shoe (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Walk-Over shoes (/wiki/Walk-Over_shoes) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Water shoe (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wedge (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Wellington boot (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Wholecut (/wiki/Wholecut) Winklepicker (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wörishofer (/wiki/W%C3%B6rishofer) Wrestling shoe (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Zori (/wiki/Zori) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Lists portal (/wiki/Portal:Lists) Calceology (/wiki/Calceology) Cordwainer (/wiki/Cordwainer) Horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe) List of boots (/wiki/List_of_boots) List of footwear designers (/wiki/List_of_footwear_designers) Locomotor effects of shoes (/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes) Shoeshiner (/wiki/Shoeshiner) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Shoe store (/wiki/Shoe_store) Shoe tossing (/wiki/Shoe_tossing) Shoes on a table (/wiki/Shoes_on_a_table) Sneaker collecting (/wiki/Sneaker_collecting) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Las_albarcas_en_El_Diario_Montañés_1-0) "Las albarcas en El Diario Montañés" (http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/prensa/20060927/cantabria/albarcas_20060927.html) (in Spanish). 27 September 2006 . Retrieved 15 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gran_Enciclopedia_de_Cantabria_2-0) Linares Argüelles, Mariano; Pindado Uslé, Jesús; Aedo Pérez, Carlos (1985). "Tomo I". Gran Enciclopedia de Cantabria . Santander, Cantabria (/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria) : Editorial Cantabria. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 84-86420-01-6 . 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Native American weaver and fashion designer Margaret Roach Wheeler Born Margaret Roach 1943 (age 80–81) South Dakota (/wiki/South_Dakota) Nationality American, Chickasaw Nation (/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation) Movement Southeastern Woodlands Native art Spouse Glenn Wheeler Website margaretroachwheeler (http://margaretroachwheeler.com) .com (http://margaretroachwheeler.com) Margaret Roach Wheeler (born 1943) is a Chickasaw (/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation) / Choctaw (/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma) weaver and Native American fashion (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) designer. Her work has been widely recognized for her scholarship in researching designs and techniques which existed prior to conquest and incorporating design elements into her woven garments. Her work has been featured in numerous collections including the Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian) 's National Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) , where she has also served as a visiting artist and received a research fellowship. She was inducted into the Chickasaw Nation Hall of Fame in 2010 and was honored by the State of Oklahoma with the Governor's Arts Award in 2018 for her unique contributions to art. She is the founder of Mahota Textiles. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Margaret Roach was born in 1943 in South Dakota (/wiki/South_Dakota) to Rubey (née Massey) and Diamond Roach. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOklahoma_Marriage_Records1922194-3) Her Chickasaw [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawes_Chickasaw_Final_Rolls1907-4) mother grew up in Tishomingo, Oklahoma (/wiki/Tishomingo,_Oklahoma) , after her great-grandmother, Nancy Mahota (also named Emahota) had walked the Trail of Tears (/wiki/Trail_of_Tears) from her ancestral homelands in the area between Holly Springs (/wiki/Holly_Springs,_Mississippi) and Oxford, Mississippi (/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) Her Choctaw (/wiki/Choctaw) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawes_Choctaw_Final_Rolls1907-5) father worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs (/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs) (BIA) as a teacher and the family moved often, living in "North Carolina, Arizona, South Dakota, Washington state and Montana" at different times. She had two older siblings, Lawanda and Robert. Among the various tribes with whom they lived, Roach enjoyed the rich cultural exposure and was encouraged to pursue her interest in painting. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) As a child, Roach watched her mother and grandmother use various fibers in their knitted and crocheted, embroidered, and sewed works. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson198676-6) By the time Wheeler entered high school the family lived in Tahlequah, Oklahoma (/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma) . After completing high school, Roach married in 1960 with Glen Wheeler, a classmate. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson198676-6) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) Subsequently, the couple had two children, Kristine and Wade. Like her father, Glen was a teacher for the BIA and the family first lived on the Navajo Nation (/wiki/Navajo_Nation) and then relocated to Joplin, Missouri (/wiki/Joplin,_Missouri) , when he was posted at the Seneca Indian School (/wiki/Seneca_Indian_School) . Up to that time, Wheeler had remained at home and raised their children, [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) but she decided to go to college, pursuing a degree in education with a goal to teach sculpture. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson198676-6) She enrolled at Missouri Southern State College (/wiki/Missouri_Southern_State_College) in Joplin and earned a bachelor's degree in 1975. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson198676-6) Teacher career [ edit ] After completing her studies, Roach began her career teaching. Between 1975 and 1984, she taught batik, jewelry design, paper making, and weaving, at Parkwood High School (/wiki/Joplin_High_School) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Tulsa_World''1994-7) During her time there, she enrolled in a master's degree program at Pittsburg State University (/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University) studying with Marjorie Schick (/wiki/Marjorie_Schick) and received a master's degree in fiber arts in 1978. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson198676-6) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) Though Schick was primarily known for oversized jewelry bordering on body sculpture, her influence led Wheeler into using textiles as wall art and later into fashion design. While preparing some of her wall hangings for an exhibit, Wheeler decided to weave her dress for the event and soon was weaving articles with Native American motifs which looked like buckskin or fabric with beadwork. Art career [ edit ] Hiring a firm to analyze the market and design a business plan in 1981, the consultant told Wheeler the business would likely be unsuccessful. Ignoring the advice, she left her teaching job and opened Mahota Handwovens, named after her maternal great-great-grandmother. She conducted her own study with museums which were known for promoting Indigenous art. When she consulted with Tulsa (/wiki/Tulsa) 's Gilcrease Museum (/wiki/Gilcrease_Museum) , curators asked her to design 20 garments for a fashion show. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) Wheeler combines her fine arts training with classical weaving techniques to make garments which are "an expressive cultural art form." [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe201042-8) Wheeler viewed clothing as wearable art, merging function with display, as she considered that the body was simply a canvas upon which art could be seen. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010230-9) As her childhood had been spent among numerous Indigenous groups, Wheeler's woven goods tend to merge design elements and motifs from many Native cultures. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Santa_Fe_Reporter''198654-10) Interested in history, Wheeler researches in museum and archaeological collections, to discover historic techniques used prior to and after European colonization. Her interest includes discovery of diverse materials, such as hides, feathers, beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) , ribbonwork (/wiki/Ribbonwork) , bison fur, and others that she adds to woven fabrics, using natural fibers. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlmstead200822-11) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Tulsa_World''1994-7) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoate20105-12) She does not use actual beads or feathers in her designs but weaves various fibers to mimic other materials. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoate20105-12) Her craftsmanship has won awards at the Santa Fe Market and earned her a Smithsonian Fellowship (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) , [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlmstead200822-11) in 2000, where she served as a visiting artist for the National Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelton200728-13) She has also worked as an adjunct professor at Southwest Missouri State University (/wiki/Southwest_Missouri_State_University) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Tulsa_World''1994-7) and conducts lectures at various universities on textile arts. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''UMKC_News''2012-14) In 2009, she branched into costume design, working with composer Jerod Tate and poet Linda Hogan on the production Lowak Shoppala (Fire and Light). Using dancers from Cara Crawford Dance Studio and members of the Chickasaw Children's Choir, Chickasaw Dance Troupe, Chickasaw Hymn Singers and Oklahoma Youth Orchestra, the multi-media production was a celebration of Chickasaw culture. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoate20091,_4-15) Wheeler has exhibited internationally and conducted weaving workshops throughout the United States. In 2010, she taught courses in Devon (/wiki/Devon) and Reading (/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire) , England, having previously taught twice in England. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoate20105-12) Exhibitions [ edit ] In 1985, Wheeler exhibited the pieces for Gilcrease, and then in 1986 and 1987, she participated in the Red Earth Festival (/wiki/Red_Earth_Festival) fashion show. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) She also participated in 1986 in the Talking Threads: Contemporary Native American Fashions exhibition held at the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/Wheelwright_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) in Santa Fe (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010230-9) In 1988, she participated in the Handweavers Guild of America (/wiki/Handweavers_Guild_of_America) international fashion show, known as Convergence . The biannual exhibit occurs at the end of a conference to teach weaving techniques and ends with a juried selection of works. She was the only Native American artist (/wiki/Native_American_art) who participated and her work was selected for the fashion show. Wheeler continued her participation in the event through the late 1990s, but also began exhibiting at the Santa Fe Indian Market (/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_Market) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2016-2) Wheeler has participated in group exhibitions at the Heard Museum (/wiki/Heard_Museum) , Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (/wiki/Museum_of_Indian_Arts_and_Culture) , Institute of American Indian Arts (/wiki/Institute_of_American_Indian_Arts) , the Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) , and the National Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) . During Native Fashion Now at NMAI's George Gustav Heye Center (/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center) in Manhattam, she was also chosen as one of four Native American fashion (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) designers chosen to speak on textile arts. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoate20105-12) Awards and honors [ edit ] She has won numerous awards and honors throughout her career, including Best of Class in the weaving and textiles category at the 2009 annual Heard Museum Guild Indian Fair and Market, [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley200910-16) as well as first in 3-D division in the 2008 [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley200823-17) and 2010 Southeastern Art Show and Market (SEASAM) competition hosted by the Chickasaw Nation in Tishomingo, Oklahoma. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley201028-18) She was inducted into the Chickasaw Nation Hall of Fame in 2010. [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott20107-19) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELance20103-20) In 2018, she was given a Governor's Arts Award from the State of Oklahoma for her unique contributions to the arts. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Oklahoman''2018-21) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Ada_News''2018-22) She received the 2020 Chickasaw Nation Dynamic Woman of the Year award, which recognizes a Chickasaw woman who has made great accomplishments in her career field and contributed towards the preservation and perpetuation of Chickasaw culture. [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "About" (https://www.mahotatextiles.com/about) . Mahota . Retrieved 2021-03-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Green 2016 (#CITEREFGreen2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOklahoma_Marriage_Records1922194_3-0) Oklahoma Marriage Records 1922 (#CITEREFOklahoma_Marriage_Records1922) , p. 194. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawes_Chickasaw_Final_Rolls1907_4-0) Dawes Chickasaw Final Rolls 1907 (#CITEREFDawes_Chickasaw_Final_Rolls1907) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawes_Choctaw_Final_Rolls1907_5-0) Dawes Choctaw Final Rolls 1907 (#CITEREFDawes_Choctaw_Final_Rolls1907) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Thompson 1986 (#CITEREFThompson1986) , p. 76. ^ Jump up to: a b c The Tulsa World 1994 (#CITEREFThe_Tulsa_World1994) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe201042_8-0) Metcalfe 2010 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2010) , p. 42. ^ Jump up to: a b Metcalfe 2010 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2010) , p. 230. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Santa_Fe_Reporter''198654_10-0) The Santa Fe Reporter 1986 (#CITEREFThe_Santa_Fe_Reporter1986) , p. 54. ^ Jump up to: a b Olmstead 2008 (#CITEREFOlmstead2008) , p. 22. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Choate 2010 (#CITEREFChoate2010) , p. 5. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelton200728_13-0) Welton 2007 (#CITEREFWelton2007) , p. 28. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''UMKC_News''2012_14-0) UMKC News 2012 (#CITEREFUMKC_News2012) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoate20091,_4_15-0) Choate 2009 (#CITEREFChoate2009) , pp. 1, 4. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckley200910_16-0) Buckley 2009 (#CITEREFBuckley2009) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckley200823_17-0) Buckley 2008 (#CITEREFBuckley2008) , p. 23. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckley201028_18-0) Buckley 2010 (#CITEREFBuckley2010) , p. 28. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott20107_19-0) Elliott 2010 (#CITEREFElliott2010) , p. 7. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELance20103_20-0) Lance 2010 (#CITEREFLance2010) , p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Oklahoman''2018_21-0) The Oklahoman 2018 (#CITEREFThe_Oklahoman2018) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Ada_News''2018_22-0) The Ada News 2018 (#CITEREFThe_Ada_News2018) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Margaret Roach Wheeler named 2020 Dynamic Woman of the Year | Chickasaw Times" (http://chickasawtimes.net/Online-Articles/Archive/2020/November/Margaret-Roach-Wheeler-named-2020-Dynamic-Woman-of) . chickasawtimes.net . Retrieved 2021-03-02 . Bibliography [ edit ] Buckley, Carrie (April 2009). "Chickasaw textile artist takes top honor at Heard Museum show" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_44.04#page/n9/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 44, no. 4. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 10 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Buckley, Carrie (November 2008). "Honors bestowed at Arts and Culture Awards ceremony" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_43.11#page/n22/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 43, no. 11. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 23 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Buckley, Carrie (November 2010). "Tribe presents arts, culture awards: Catherine Wilmond, Millie Blackmon honored at event" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_45.11#page/n28/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 45, no. 11. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 28 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Choate, Tony (November 2009). " (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_44.11#page/n0/mode/1up) 'Lowak Shoppala' brings history to life" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_44.11#page/n0/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 44, no. 11. Ada, Oklahoma. pp. 1, 4 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Choate, Tony (March 2010). "Southeastern focus, traditional touch sets Wheeler's work apart: Chickasaw artist weaves culture into her work" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_45.03#page/n4/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 45, no. 3. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 5 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Elliott, Nancy (September 2010). "Programs and Services book can open a new world" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_45.09#page/n6/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 45, no. 9. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 7 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Green, Richard (December 6, 2016). "Profile of Margaret Roach Wheeler: "Mahota" Chickasaw" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180808162228/https://www.chickasaw.net/Our-Nation/History/Historical-Articles/Profiles/Profile-of-Margaret-Roach-Wheeler-Mahota-Chickasaw.aspx) . The Chickasaw Times . Ada, Oklahoma. Archived from the original (https://www.chickasaw.net/Our-Nation/History/Historical-Articles/Profiles/Profile-of-Margaret-Roach-Wheeler-Mahota-Chickasaw.aspx) on 8 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 . Lance, Dana (August 2010). "Neal McCaleb to emcee August 19 Chickasaw Hall of Fame ceremonies" (https://archive.org/stream/chickasaw_times_45.08#page/n2/mode/1up) . The Chickasaw Times . Vol. 45, no. 8. Ada, Oklahoma. p. 3 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . Metcalfe, Jessica RheAnn (2010). Native Designers of High Fashion: Expressing Identity, Creativity, and Tradition in Contemporary Customary Clothing Design (PhD). Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona (/wiki/University_of_Arizona) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10150/194057 (https://hdl.handle.net/10150%2F194057) . Olmstead, Donna (17 August 2008). "Cloaked in Meaning: Outfits at clothing contest 'are like a language' matched with dances (pt 1)" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13165504/albuquerque_journal/) . The Albuquerque Journal (/wiki/The_Albuquerque_Journal) . Albuquerque, New Mexico. p. 20 . Retrieved 9 August 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . and Olmstead, Donna (17 August 2008). "Outfits scrutinized for detail and beauty. (pt 2)" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13165543/albuquerque_journal/) . The Albuquerque Journal (/wiki/The_Albuquerque_Journal) . Albuquerque, New Mexico. p. 22 . Retrieved 9 August 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Thompson, Mary Ann (January 19, 1986). "Inheriting an art" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16616865/springfield_leader_and_press/) . The Springfield Leader and Press (/wiki/Springfield_News-Leader) . Springfield, Missouri. p. 76 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Welton, Jessica, ed. (2007). Native Artists in the Americas: National Museum of the American Indian Native Arts Program: The First Ten Years (PDF) . Washington, D.C.: National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original (https://nmai.si.edu/sites/1/files/pdf/ALP/NAP_TenthAnniversary.pdf) (PDF) on 21 June 2017. "2018 Governor's Arts Awards recipients announced" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180722214037/https://newsok.com/article/5579074/2018-governors-arts-awards-recipients-announced) . The Oklahoman (/wiki/The_Oklahoman) . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. January 11, 2018. Archived from the original (https://newsok.com/article/5579074/2018-governors-arts-awards-recipients-announced) on 22 July 2018 . Retrieved 9 August 2018 . "Chickasaw artist Margaret Wheeler honored with Governor's Arts Award" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180503160733/http://www.theadanews.com/news/local_news/chickasaw-artist-margaret-wheeler-honored-with-governor-s-arts-award/article_f03f6a98-33d7-5714-8ec6-dea7947fc666.html) . The Ada News (/wiki/Ada_Evening_News) . Ada, Oklahoma. May 3, 2018. Archived from the original (http://www.theadanews.com/news/local_news/chickasaw-artist-margaret-wheeler-honored-with-governor-s-arts-award/article_f03f6a98-33d7-5714-8ec6-dea7947fc666.html) on 3 May 2018 . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . "Chickasaw-Choctaw Textile Artist Margaret Roach Wheeler to Lecture at UMKC" (http://info.umkc.edu:80/news/chickasaw-choctaw-textile-artist-margaret-roach-wheeler-to-lecture-at-umkc/) . UMKC Today . Kansas City, Missouri: University of Missouri–Kansas City (/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City) . April 6, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161018184650/http://info.umkc.edu/news/chickasaw-choctaw-textile-artist-margaret-roach-wheeler-to-lecture-at-umkc/) from the original on 18 October 2016 . Retrieved April 6, 2012 . "Dawes Final Rolls Chickasaw by Blood" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180808165544/http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawesresults.php?cardnum=480&tribe=Chickasaw&type=by%20Blood%20%28New%20Borns%29) . Oklahoma History Center . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Historical Society (/wiki/Oklahoma_Historical_Society) . 1907. Card 480. Archived from the original (http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawesresults.php?cardnum=480&tribe=Chickasaw&type=by%20Blood%20(New%20Borns)) on 8 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 . "Dawes Final Rolls Choctaw by Blood" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180808164750/http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawesresults.php?cardnum=4437&tribe=Choctaw&type=by%20Blood) . Oklahoma History Center . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Historical Society (/wiki/Oklahoma_Historical_Society) . 1907. Card 4437. Archived from the original (http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawesresults.php?cardnum=4437&tribe=Choctaw&type=by%20Blood) on 8 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 . "Fashion Designer Presents NSU Show" (https://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/fashion-designer-presents-nsu-show/article_a0e96061-328e-59f7-ac44-94b61829635b.html) . The Tulsa World (/wiki/The_Tulsa_World) . Tulsa, Oklahoma. March 20, 1994 . Retrieved 9 August 2018 . "From Buckskin to Silk" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16599125/the_santa_fe_reporter/) . The Santa Fe Reporter (/wiki/The_Santa_Fe_Reporter) . Santa Fe, New Mexico. August 13, 1986. p. 54 . Retrieved 9 August 2018 . Odd numbered pages are missing from microfilm of this issue, thus initial part of article is unavailable. {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: postscript ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript) ) "Oklahoma, Grady County Marriages, 1890-1995: Diamond Roach/Rubey Massey" (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-Y3QX-XRC?i=366&cc=1709399) . FamilySearch . Chickasha, Oklahoma: Grady County Oklahoma Courthouse. December 22, 1922. p. 194. Book 10: August 14, 1922-January 1, 1924, GS Film #1316185 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.margaretroachwheeler.com/) Oral History Interview with Margaret Roach Wheeler (https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/ona/id/111/rec/99) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐74l8r Cached time: 20240719052654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.617 seconds Real time usage: 0.735 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5115/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63934/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4996/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 75661/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.434/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8399183/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 669.119 1 -total 21.52% 143.984 1 Template:Infobox_artist 20.59% 137.763 41 Template:Sfn 18.25% 122.107 16 Template:Cite_news 15.82% 105.886 1 Template:Reflist 15.23% 101.890 5 Template:Cite_web 11.17% 74.746 1 Template:Short_description 6.46% 43.201 61 Template:Main_other 6.40% 42.829 2 Template:Pagetype 4.07% 27.203 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58097918-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719052654 and revision id 1235416398. 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Shoe worn as part of the traditional uniform of the Greek guards known as Evzones Tsarouchi shoe A tsarouchi ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : τσαρούχι ; plural: τσαρούχια; from Turkish çarık ) is a type of shoe (/wiki/Shoe) , which is typically known nowadays as part of the traditional uniform (/wiki/Uniform) worn by the Evzones (/wiki/Evzones) of the Greek Presidential Guard (/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Description [ edit ] Their origin is obscure and goes back to the Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) times, with influences from styles imported by neighbouring tribes, including the Turks (/wiki/Turkic_peoples) . Originally, various types of similar shoes were worn all over the Balkans (/wiki/Balkans) , but tsarouchia are mainly associated with the Greeks (/wiki/Greeks) . They were the most common footwear worn by both urban and rural Greeks, mainly men, but also many women. After the Greek independence in early 19th century, their use was limited to isolated rural areas and nomadic populations, seen by westernised urbanites as a sign of uncouthness and backwardness. In a version with reinforced sole, they remained the issue boot for the Evzone (/wiki/Evzone) units well into the 20th century, though after the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) were gradually replaced in active service by the standard laced boot. Tsarouciia provide a clear link with the origin of the Evzone uniform in the traditional Greek costume, and with the fact that Evzones were largely enlisted from rural mountainous regions of Greece. Nowadays they are almost exclusively used by the presidential guard and in various traditional festivals and dances along with other traditional Greek garments. Tsarouchia are typically made of a number of pieces of stiff leather hand-sewn together, in the moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) fashion. They have a characteristic upturned toe, usually covered by a large woolen pompon (/wiki/Pom-pom) , which often occurs in Turkey as well. The latter was a relatively late addition, originally a way of making the shoe's toe waterproof, but increasingly becoming an essential feature of their decoration. [2] (#cite_note-2) Simpler versions also exist, made from one piece of leather held in shape with thongs (a very common type found everywhere in the Balkans and Anatolia, e.g., Opanak (/wiki/Opanak) or Charvuli (/w/index.php?title=Charvuli&action=edit&redlink=1) ) and without any decoration. Tsarouchis (/wiki/Tsarouchis) (Τσαρούχης) is also a Greek surname, with Yannis Tsarouchis (/wiki/Yannis_Tsarouchis) being the most famous person bearing it. Aromanians (/wiki/Aromanians) from Balkans have a similar word for shoes, "tsâruhi". Countryside tsâruhi were made out of leather piece. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mouzaki, Rozanna (1981). Greek Dances for Americans . Doubleday. p. 165. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Στολές" (http://www.proedriki-froura.gr/stoles/) . Προεδρική Φρουρά (in Greek). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231730/http://www.proedriki-froura.gr/stoles/) from the original on 2017-10-08 . Retrieved 2014-12-16 . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving 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(/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross 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(/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels (/wiki/Spool_heel) Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) This article related to the military of Greece (/wiki/Military_of_Greece) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsarouchi&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐2sbks Cached time: 20240716043631 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.401 seconds Real time usage: 0.520 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 606/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42117/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1000/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22554/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.258/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14991448/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 442.873 1 -total 30.88% 136.758 1 Template:Reflist 27.61% 122.295 4 Template:Navbox 27.14% 120.197 1 Template:Footwear 25.99% 115.090 1 Template:Cite_book 20.28% 89.814 1 Template:Lang-el 17.59% 77.898 1 Template:Short_description 10.80% 47.812 2 Template:Pagetype 7.41% 32.827 1 Template:Flatlist 3.63% 16.070 1 Template:Greece-mil-stub Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8912306-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716043631 and revision id 1208827159. 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Japanese bleached cloth This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sarashi) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Sarashi" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sarashi%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sarashi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sarashi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sarashi%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sarashi%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sarashi%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A sarashi ( 晒し , "bleached cloth") is a kind of white cloth, usually cotton (/wiki/Cotton) , or less commonly linen (/wiki/Linen) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) used to make various garments in Japan (/wiki/Japan) , such as juban (a kind of under- kimono (/wiki/Kimono) ), fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) , or tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) . A length of sarashi may be wrapped around the body under a kimono (/wiki/Kimono) as a haramaki (/wiki/Haramaki_(clothing)) , or around the chest to bind the breasts (/wiki/Breast_binding) . See also [ edit ] Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Breast binding (/wiki/Breast_binding) Girdle § Undergarment (/wiki/Girdle#Undergarment) Haramaki (/wiki/Haramaki_(clothing)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) James Curtis Hepburn (1867). A Japanese and English Dictionary: With and English and Japanese Index . American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 375 (https://archive.org/details/ajapaneseandeng00hepbgoog/page/n391) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sarashi" (https://jisho.org/search/%E6%99%92) 晒し [Sarashi]. jisho.org (in Japanese) . Retrieved 27 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kokugo Dai Jiten 国語大辞典（新装版） [ Kokugodaijiten (shinsō-ban) ] (in Japanese) (Revised ed.). Tokyo: Shogakukan (/wiki/Shogakukan) . 1988. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Daijirin 大辞林 [ Daijirin ] (in Japanese) (Third ed.). Tokyo: Sanseidō. 2006. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 4-385-13905-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Daijisen 大辞泉 [ Daijisen ] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 1995. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 4-09-501211-0 . v t e Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Traditional Chihaya (/wiki/Chihaya_(clothing)) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) Hanten (/wiki/Hanten) Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Haori (/wiki/Haori) Happi (/wiki/Happi) Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) Mawashi (/wiki/Mawashi) Mino (/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)) Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) Samue (/wiki/Samue) Shitagi (/wiki/Shitagi) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Uwagi (/wiki/Uwagi) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) Headgear Benkan (/wiki/Benkan) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kanmuri (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Shaguma (/wiki/Shaguma) Tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Tsunokakushi 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(Redirected from Flour sack fabric (/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack_fabric&redirect=no) ) Women's dress made from cotton sacks Feedsack dress made by Dorothy Overall of Caldwell, Kansas, in 1959 for the Cotton Bag Sewing Contest sponsored by the National Cotton Council and the Textile Bag Manufacturers Association, now in the collection of the Smithsonian [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) Feed sack dresses , flour sack dresses , or feedsack dresses were a common article of clothing in rural US and Canadian communities from the late 19th century through the mid 20th century. They were made at home, usually by women, using the cotton sacks (/wiki/Flour_sack) in which flour, sugar, animal feed, seeds, and other commodities were packaged, shipped, and sold. They became an iconic part of rural life from the 1920s through the Great Depression, World War II, and post-World War II years. History of feed sacks [ edit ] The first use of fabric sacks can be traced to the early 19th century, when small farmers strapped a sack to the back of a horse to take their grain for milling. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The bags of the time were hand-sewn at home from rough cloth made of hand-spun yarn, sometimes stamped with the name of the farmer. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) By the middle of the 19th century in the US and Canada, the invention of the sewing machine and advances in technology for spinning and weaving changed the economies of shipping commodities such as animal feeds, seeds, sugar and flour; it became more cost-effective to package and ship in sacks rather than in barrels, which was what had been previously used. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) A barrel held 196 pounds (89 kg) of flour, and the first commercial feed sacks were sized to hold fractions of that amount. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The first commercially produced sacks were made in the late 1800s of osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) , a coarse white or brown cotton, and were stamped with a logo or label, and burlap (/wiki/Burlap) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Feed sack During World War I, US and Canadian flour in sacks was sent to the neutral Netherlands for distribution in Europe. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) In October 1924 Asa T. Bales, a millworker from Missouri, filed a patent for "a sack, the cloth of which is adapted to be used for dress goods after the product has been removed or consumed." [6] (#cite_note-:9-6) Bales assigned the patent to the George P. Plant Milling Company of St. Louis, Missouri, which by 1925 were manufacturing Gingham Girl sacks. [6] (#cite_note-:9-6) In 1925 the Textile Bag Manufacturers Association (/w/index.php?title=Textile_Bag_Manufacturers_Association&action=edit&redlink=1) was created to increase industry sales. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Working with the Millers National Federation (/w/index.php?title=Millers_National_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1) it encouraged home sewing projects using feed sacks. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In 1933 the US Department of Agriculture described the bags in a booklet as having "a high salvage value." [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Sacks were eventually produced in sizes of 49, 24, 12, 6, 2 lb (22.2, 10.9, 5.4, 2.7, 0.9 kg), and during World War II sizes were standardized to 100, 50, 25, 10, 2 lb (45, 23, 11, 5, 1 kg) to aid the war effort by eliminating waste and making it easier for millers and housewives to estimate required material. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) During World War II, dressmaking-quality fabrics became in short supply as textile manufacturers produced for war efforts, and cotton yard goods were rationed. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) but feed sacks were considered part of the "industrial" category of uses, so feed sacks were still available. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Recycling of them was encouraged by the US government. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) According to the Textile Research Center's Willem Vogelsang, "A bag that contained 5 lb (2.3 kg) of sugar, for example, provided 1 ft (30 cm) of cloth, while a 100 lb (45 kg) bag provided slightly more than 1 yd (91 cm) of material, with four sacks providing enough for one adult woman’s dress." [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) At the industry's peak, 1,300,000,000 yards (1,200,000 km) of cotton fabric were used in commodity bags, in 1946 accounting for 8.0% of the cotton goods production and 4.5% of total cotton consumption in the US. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) After World War II, use of cloth sacks for packaging declined and was replaced with less expensive paper. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Most feed sack production ceased by the early 1960s. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Feed sack garments [ edit ] As early as 1890 the first osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) sacks were recycled on farms to be used as toweling, rags, or other functional uses on farms. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) A paragraph in a short story in an 1892 issue of Arthurs Home Magazine said, "So, that is the secret of how baby looked so lovely in her flour sack: just a little care, patience and ingenuity on the mother's part." [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) By the beginning of the 20th century, flour sacks were produced in a variety of fabrics of tighter weave such as percale (/wiki/Percale) and sheeting (/wiki/Sheeting) and often printed in various colors and designs, and recycled for clothing and other purposes. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Farm women recycled the sacks into clothing, and by 1925 the George P. Plant Milling Company of St. Louis [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) produced Gingham Girl flour packaged in dress-quality red-and-white checked (/wiki/Gingham) yarn-dyed fabric and used the sacks as a selling point. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) By the end of the decade Bemis Brothers in Tennessee, Fulton Bag & Cotton Mills in Georgia, and Percy Kent of Buffalo, New York, were producing decorative sacks. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) Several educational institutions taught classes in how to use feed sacks, including The Household Science Institute, which produced a monthly newsletter called Out of the Bag and a series of booklets called Sewing with Cotton Bags , which gave instructions on how to use feed sacks. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) During the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) the popularity of the sacks increased, as they were seen as a source of free garment-making material for impoverished families. [8] (#cite_note-:8-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Groups of women would get together to trade the sacks and itinerant peddlers bought and sold the empty sacks. [8] (#cite_note-:8-8) By the 1930s companies regarded the sacks as a crucial part of marketing product. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) By 1936 the Staley Milling Company of Kansas City, Missouri, was marketing "Tint-sax" in pastel shades. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The use of the sacks in garments meant brand decisions were often being made by women rather than men. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) One feed store owner complained about purchase decisions moving from the farmer to the farmwife, saying "Years ago they used to ask for all sorts of feeds, special brands... now they come over and ask me if I have an egg mash in a flowered percale. It ain't natural." [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Finding bags that matched was important as many patterns required more than a single sack. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Families sometimes saved sacks and traded with neighbors to get sufficient sacks in a particular print. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Mary Derrick Chaney, writing in 1997 in the Christian Science Monitor, recalled that the feed sacks were coarser than the flour sacks, but it was difficult to get enough flour sacks in the same pattern to make a dress. [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) A 100-pound (45 kg) bag of chicken feed provided a 36 in × 44 in (910 mm × 1,120 mm) piece of fabric, slightly more than a square yard. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) According to Margaret Powell, speaking at the Textile Society of America's 2012 symposium: [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) In 1927, three yards of dress print cotton percale (the typical amount of fabric needed for an average size adult dress) could cost sixty cents when purchased from the Sears and Roebuck catalog. Three yards of gingham dress goods could cost forty cents. In comparison, three yards of dress quality gingham used in Gingham Girl Flour sacks from the George P. Plant Milling Company could be salvaged after the use of two or three one hundred pound bags of flour. — Margaret Powell Closeup of hem detail of feedsack dress Related industries developed, such as the printing of booklets with instructions on how to create garments and other household items from the sacks and specifying how many sacks of a certain size were needed for a particular item and patterns specifically designed to utilize feed sacks. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Patterns were published in magazines and newspapers serving rural communities. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In 1933 the Textile Bag Manufacturers Association published a booklet, Sewing with Cotton Bags , which provided instructions on how to get company logos out of sacks by soaking the inked area in lard or kerosene overnight. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) By the late 1930s most companies were using water-soluble ink or paper labels which could be soaked off. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) Fashion historian Kendra Brandes (/w/index.php?title=Kendra_Brandes&action=edit&redlink=1) found that "as an element of material culture, the clothing and clothing practices of rural populations reflect the life and times of the era to the same extent as that of the general population. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) However, it is the activities of these farm wives, clothing their families in feed sacks, that offer a view of life that was unique to rural communities during this time period." [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) As garments wore out, they were often recycled again into quilts, rugs, and cleaning rags. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) During World War II, as textile shortages limited production of both commercially made garments and the retail yardage to make garments at home, feed sacks were still available. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Using them to make clothing and other household items was regarded as patriotic and thrifty. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) After World War II, as many manufacturers switched to cheaper paper package, the National Cotton Council (/wiki/National_Cotton_Council_of_America) and the Textile Bag Manufacturers Association worked with patternmakers McCalls (/wiki/McCall%27s) and Simplicity (/wiki/Simplicity_Pattern) to promote demand for feed sacks. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) They sponsored design competitions and fashion shows, plus sewing contests in every state to find the National Cotton Bag Sewing Queen, [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) and hired prominent textile designers to create their prints to prop up demand. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Several people from rural Virginia spoke about their clothes made from sacks during the depression. "Back then, feed was sold in sacks. I believe they held almost 100 pounds of seeds. A number of farmers who didn't sew returned the sacks for resale... I actually made hair bows, pants and dresses from the sacks." "Mama always sewed on a Singer treadle sewing machine and made our dresses from flour sacks. She made sure Dad would get two sacks just alike. That was what the pattern took to make the dresses right." "Mama made me pinafores out of flour sacks. Flour sacks were made of cotton with pretty prints." "Dresses made for my sister and me were sometimes made out of cotton feed bags (I guess my brothers were lucky)." "My mother made shirts out of feed sacks, which a lot of cow feed, came in." [11] (#cite_note-11) A study by fashion historian Jennifer Lynn Banning analyzing 37 garments made between 1949 and 1968 by one Louisiana farmwife found that the garments and textiles were similar to those being shown contemporaneously in Good Housekeeping (/wiki/Good_Housekeeping) magazine to its middle-class reading audience and "had many of the same fashion features as mass produced garments that could be purchased in department stores nationwide". [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) The garments are held in the collection of the Louisiana State University Textile and Costume Museum. [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) The fabric and bags have variously been referred to as feed sacks, flour sacks, commodity bags, and chicken linen. [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) Cultural impact [ edit ] During World War II it was estimated that 3 million women and children in the United States were wearing feed sack clothing at any given point in time. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) [13] (#cite_note-13) One participant in an oral history project stated that "everything on the clothesline was from feed sacks." [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The US Department of Agriculture reported in 1951 that 75% of mothers living in urban areas and 97% of those living in rural areas had heard of making garments from feed sacks. [14] (#cite_note-14) There was an element of shame experienced by those dressed in flour sack clothing, as it was seen as a mark of poverty, so efforts were often made to hide the fact the clothing was made from feed sacks, such as soaking off logos, dying the fabric, or adding trim. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Mary Derrick Chaney, writing in the Christian Science Monitor , recalled: [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) Even before prestigious labels ever appeared on jeans and blouses for ordinary little girls, the origins of clothes were a status symbol. In the rural South, mothers and daughters drew the battle lines not between name brands, but between "homemade" and "ready made." These were only skirmishes, however. The real conflicts arose when the material happened to come, not from the fabric store, but from the feed store. I was about 8 when my rebellion began. — Mary Derrick Chaney According to the Smithsonian, "With feed sacks and flour bags, farmwomen took thriftiness to new heights of creativity, transforming the humble bags into dresses, underwear, towels, curtains, quilts, and other household necessities." [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) According to Brandes, feed sack fashion was a reflection of rural culture in the first half of the 20th century. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Brandes notes that fashion history has largely been written without including the fashion of rural communities. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) She called the feed sack garments part of the "cultural heritage of rural America." [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Banning notes that 20th-century costume history "has traditionally focused on fashion designers and the styles they created," resulting in a " top-rail bias (/w/index.php?title=Top-rail_bias&action=edit&redlink=1) ," defined as history written from the perspective of the upper class. [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Feedsack Dress" (https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1105750) . National Museum of American History . Retrieved March 20, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Brandes, Kendra (January 1, 2009). "Feed Sack Fashion in Rural America: A Reflection of Culture" (https://newprairiepress.org/ojrrp/vol4/iss1/5) . Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy . 4 (1). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4148/ojrrp.v4i1.59 (https://doi.org/10.4148%2Fojrrp.v4i1.59) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1936-0487 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1936-0487) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Onion, Rebecca (July 21, 2017). "How Depression-Era Women Made Dresses Out of Chicken Feed" (https://slate.com/human-interest/2017/07/how-depression-era-women-made-dresses-out-of-chicken-feed.html) . Slate Magazine . Retrieved March 3, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Powell, Margaret (September 19, 2012). "From Feed Sack t eed Sack to Clothes Rack: The Use of Commodity T o Clothes Rack: The Use of Commodity Textile Bags in American Households from 1890 – 1960" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1731&context=tsaconf) . Retrieved March 20, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Vogelsang, Willem. "2. The Early History of Decorative Feedsacks" (https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-digital-exhibition/index.php/for-a-few-sacks-more/item/118-2-the-early-history-of-decorative-feedsacks) . trc-leiden.nl . Retrieved March 21, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nixon, Gloria (February 1, 2010). Feedsack Secrets: Fashion from Hard Times . C&T Publishing Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61745-383-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Vogelsang, Willem. "4. Feedsacks during and after WWII" (https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-digital-exhibition/index.php/for-a-few-sacks-more/item/120-4-feedsacks-during-the-second-world-wara) . trc-leiden.nl . Retrieved March 21, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Vogelsang, Willem. "3. Feedsacks and the Great Depression" (https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-digital-exhibition/index.php/for-a-few-sacks-more/item/119-3-feedsacks-and-the-great-depression) . trc-leiden.nl . Retrieved March 21, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Flour sack dress" (https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/women/flour-sack-dress) . Canadashistory.ca . ^ Jump up to: a b Chaney, Mary Derrick (November 20, 1997). "What I Learned From a Feed-Sack Dress" (https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/1120/112097.home.home.2.html) . Christian Science Monitor . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0882-7729 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729) . Retrieved March 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Blair, Todd; Garvey, Karen (August 15, 2016). Flour Sack Dresses and Victory Stamps: Tales of Roanoke and The New River Valley of Virginia . Hometown Memories, LLC. pp. 63, 117, 134, 161, 208. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-940376-44-8 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Banning, Jennifer Lynn (2005). "Feed sack fashions in South Louisiana, 1949-1968: the use of commodity bags in garment construction" (https://doi.org/10.31390%2Fgradschool_dissertations.2231) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.2231 (https://doi.org/10.31390%2Fgradschool_dissertations.2231) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 192402397 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192402397) . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-13) "This and That — Feedsacks" (https://delphosherald.com/content/news/news/article/this-and-that-feedsacks/191/1183/197264) . delphosherald.com . Retrieved March 21, 2020 . " (https://enews.wvu.edu/articles/2017/09/07/-cloth-is-scarce-handle-with-care-the-history-of-depression-era-feedsacks-exhibit) "Cloth is Scarce, Handle with Care:" The History of Depression-Era Feedsacks" (https://enews.wvu.edu/articles/2017/09/07/-cloth-is-scarce-handle-with-care-the-history-of-depression-era-feedsacks-exhibit) . enews.wvu.edu . September 7, 2017 . Retrieved March 21, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mothers' Opinions of Fibers in Selected Items of Children's Clothing . U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. 1951. Further reading [ edit ] Adrosko, R. J. (1992). "The fashion's in the bag: Recycling feed, flour, and sugar sacks during the middle decades of the 20th century. In Reconstructing daily life through historic documents." Symposium conducted at the Third Symposium of the Textile Society of America. Connolly, Loris (1992). "Recycling Feed Sacks and Flour Bags: Thrifty Housewives or Marketing Success Story?". Dress . 19 (1): 17–36. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/036121192805298418 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F036121192805298418) . Jones, Lu Ann; Park, Sunae (1993). "From Feed Bags to Fashion". Textile History . 24 (1): 91–103. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/004049693793712213 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F004049693793712213) . McCray, Linzee Kull (2016). Feed Sacks: The Colourful History of a Frugal Fabric , Calgary: Uppercase Publishing Inc. PK: Our first hundred years . (1985). Percy Kent Bag Company, Inc.: Kansas City, MO. Rhoades, R. (1997). "Feed sacks in Georgia: Their manufacture, marketing, and consumer use". Uncoverings , 18, 121–152. Walton, Frank L. (1945). Thread of Victory, New York: Fairchild Publishing Co. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Feedsack dresses (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Feedsack_dresses) . 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Fashion trend in women of wearing less skin-revealing clothes An Eastern Orthodox woman in Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) is seen wearing a dress and a Christian headcovering (/wiki/Christian_headcovering) . The term modest fashion or modest dressing refers to a fashion trend in women of wearing less skin-revealing clothes, especially in a way that satisfies their spiritual and stylistic requirements for reasons of faith, religion or personal preference. [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) The exact interpretation of 'modest' (/wiki/Modesty) varies across cultures and countries. There is no unambiguous interpretation as it is influenced by socio-cultural characteristics of each country. [2] (#cite_note-2) Beyond the various interpretations, all agree on the idea that modest fashion means loose clothing, comfortable dressing and covering of the body according to person's own comfort. History [ edit ] The term "modest" may have varied interpretations across religious boundaries and even within them. Commonalities can also exist; for example, many Christian, Jewish, and Muslim women practice the veiling of their head, with Christian women wearing a headcovering (/wiki/Christian_headcovering) , Jewish women wearing a tichel (/wiki/Tichel) , and Muslim women wearing a hijab (/wiki/Hijab) . [3] (#cite_note-Hunt2014-3) [4] (#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-4) [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) On 28 July 2015, a world panel discussion was held in Turin (/wiki/Turin) with the aim of defining guidelines for modest fashion. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) This growing phenomenon has been studied by scholars such as British professor Reina Lewis from London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . Among her works on the topic we can mention 'Modest Fashion: Styling Bodies, Mediating Faith' (2013) and 'Muslim Fashion: Contemporary Style Cultures' (2015). [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) [7] (#cite_note-Buzz_Feed_News-7) In late 2018, modest fashion was considered a 250 billion dollar industry. [7] (#cite_note-Buzz_Feed_News-7) Reception [ edit ] Muslim and Jewish women have spoken of modest fashion as empowering (/wiki/Empowerment_of_women) . [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) “There’s a general misconception that modest clothing is inherently oppressive,” said Michelle Honig, an Orthodox Jewish fashion journalist and the keynote speaker during fashion month at New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) for the Meeting Through Modesty fashion symposium. “But if women in so-called ‘liberated countries’ still choose to cover their bodies, then they have made a choice. They have agency." [4] (#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-4) However, some feminists (/wiki/Feminist) have criticized modest fashion, considering it a "cynical" concept. [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) In 2019, after a modest fashion exhibition hosted in Frankfurt, Germany (/wiki/Frankfurt,_Germany) , Inge Bell from group Terre des Femmes (/wiki/Terre_des_Femmes) stated that it was "a slap in the face of girls and women worldwide who don't want to wear the headscarf or want to take it off". A letter sent by activist to the Emma magazine called the exhibition an attack on both domestic and foreign women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) activists, also emphasizing that "every year, thousands of women in Iran (/wiki/Women_in_Iran) are punished for violating this dress code (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) ." [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) Modest fashion across religions expresses consensus that it should not be experienced as a limiting factor in style. Brands are churning out designs and collections that an orthodox Muslim, Jew, Christian, Hindu (/wiki/Hindu) can wear in style. Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , and Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) are just a few names that have entered the modest fashion segment, making clothes that cover most parts of the body while allowing women to experiment with the latest trends. [ when? ] In recent years, the acceptance of modest design has been gradually expanding and changing, mirroring a larger cultural movement toward diversity, inclusion, and personal expression in clothing. Modest fashion has gained popularity among a variety of customers, including those who follow dress standards related to their culture or religion and others who just want more conservative options. It emphasizes concealing the body while being attractive and fashionable. [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] Plain dress (/wiki/Plain_dress) Outward holiness (/wiki/Outward_holiness) Jewish religious clothing (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Purdah (/wiki/Purdah) Tzniut (/wiki/Tzniut) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Adewunmi, Bim (16 June 2011). "Women Faith-based fashion takes off online" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/16/faith-based-fashion-online) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ben, Hannes (19 April 2019). "Modest fashion, major opportunity" (https://locaria.com/modest-fashion-major-opportunity/) . Locaria . Retrieved 4 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hunt2014_3-0) Hunt, Margaret (11 June 2014). Women in Eighteenth Century Europe . Taylor & Francis (/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis) . p. 58. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317883876 . ^ a b Bauck, Whitney (1 November 2016). "What Does Modest Fashion Mean?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/03/fashion/what-does-modest-fashion-mean.html) . The New York Times . The New York Times . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "DIEDC spotlights modest fashion in Italy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171212040842/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/dfb6e56d-8acd-4906-8b8f-df584479f201.aspx) . Gulftoday.ae . 2 August 2015. Archived from the original (http://gulftoday.ae/portal/dfb6e56d-8acd-4906-8b8f-df584479f201.aspx) on 12 December 2017 . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "La storia di Wiwid: l'islamic fashion - Ti veste Liz! - MOOB Magazine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150808073051/http://www.moobmag.com/news/fashion/wiwid-islamic-fashion-torino/) . Moobmag.com (in Italian). 1 August 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.moobmag.com/news/fashion/wiwid-islamic-fashion-torino/) on 8 August 2015 . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . ^ a b Adewunmi, Bim (5 November 2018). "Why The Modest Fashion Trend Isn't Going Anywhere" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bimadewunmi/modest-fashion-trends-netflix) . Buzz Feed News . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ a b c Binder, Antje; Grenier, Elizabeth (3 April 2019). "Muslim fashion for women exhibition stirs controversy in Germany" (https://www.dw.com/en/muslim-fashion-for-women-exhibition-stirs-controversy-in-germany/a-45601007) . DW . Retrieved 15 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "LAYANSI - Modest Fashion - Official Store" (https://www.layansi.com/) . Retrieved 19 March 2024 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Modest fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modest_fashion) at Wikimedia Commons Is Modest Fashion The Next Big Thing? 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sri Lanka portal (/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐hf7b2 Cached time: 20240714024825 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.038 seconds Real time usage: 0.179 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1514/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.020/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 740901/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 167.797 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 167.797 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13372947-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714024825 and revision id 921936156. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Sri Lankan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (5 P) Pages in category "Sri Lankan fashion designers" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . G Ruwanthi Gajadeera (/wiki/Ruwanthi_Gajadeera) K Nayana Karunaratne (/wiki/Nayana_Karunaratne) P Ashcharya Peiris (/wiki/Ashcharya_Peiris) R Ramzi Rahaman (/wiki/Ramzi_Rahaman) S Ruchira Silva (/wiki/Ruchira_Silva) Y Anuradha Yahampath (/wiki/Anuradha_Yahampath) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion_designers&oldid=921936156 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion_designers&oldid=921936156) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Sri Lankan designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_designers) Sri Lankan fashion (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion)
< User talk:Tinton5 (/wiki/User_talk:Tinton5) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) NA‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Date_of_foundation-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z-Date_of_foundation&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Date of foundation&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Date of foundation&quot;} Date of foundation [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Date_of_foundation-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z-Date_of_foundation"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Date_of_foundation-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z-Date_of_foundation&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Date of foundation&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Date of foundation&quot;} First external link from Bloomberg BusinessWeek says founded in 2006, however, on the actual handbag, it says Est. 1994. Also, in that first external link, it says the CEO (Ahron Hersh; click on this name) has worked at this company since 1994. A bit of confusion here. I would go with 1994. Thoughts ?? Tinton5 (/wiki/User:Tinton5) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tinton5) ) 02:00, 1 October 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tinton5/Rosetti_(company)#c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z-Date_of_foundation) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z","author":"Tinton5","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z-Date_of_foundation","replies":["c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z"]}} Also, the second link is from Trademarkia.com. I don't know how reliable that is, but it says Rosetti was trademarked in 1994. Tinton5 (/wiki/User:Tinton5) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tinton5) ) 02:03, 1 October 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tinton5/Rosetti_(company)#c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z","author":"Tinton5","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:03:00.000Z-Tinton5-2011-10-01T02:00:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐97nlc Cached time: 20240720190238 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.011 seconds CPU time usage: 0.143 seconds Real time usage: 0.182 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4722/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1239512/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 142.313 1 -total 100.00% 142.313 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.97% 2.807 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33265840-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720190238 and revision id 453303460. 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Rodent fur used in the fashion industry Nutria (plucked), hat and collar, 1966 Nutria fur , also known as coypu fur , is used in the fashion industry. It comes from the nutria (/wiki/Nutria) , a South American (/wiki/South_America) rodent and cousin of the beaver (/wiki/Beaver) . History of the fur [ edit ] The nutria is a semi-aquatic mammal native to South America. It first became internationally popular as a fur in the 1930s, when it was worn by Hollywood stars such as Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) . [1] (#cite_note-Nutria_BBC-1) It resembles beaver, with stiff guard hairs and a soft, short undercoat. [2] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken-2) It was originally imported to the southern United States – possibly as early as the 19th century, although in larger numbers from the 1950s – to reduce the population of muskrat (/wiki/Muskrat) . [3] (#cite_note-Fur_Commission-3) [4] (#cite_note-NYT_Grossman-4) Some escaped and found the swamps of Louisiana (/wiki/Louisiana) ideal territory, leading to their common name of swamp rat. With the decline in the fur market in the 1980s, the population mushroomed and threatened the stability of the wetland ecosystem by eating away the plants that hold the swamp together. [4] (#cite_note-NYT_Grossman-4) Nutria fur in its natural state Treatment [ edit ] Typically, nutria is sheared or plucked for the fur trade. It can be dyed a variety of colors. Its middle weight – considerably lighter than beaver – also makes it suitable for linings. More recently, it is used by some furriers without plucking or shearing. In its natural colour it is light to rich brown, the most valuable furs being in the darker shades, but it may also be dyed. [3] (#cite_note-Fur_Commission-3) A faux nutria, made of rabbit fur (/wiki/Rabbit_hair) was at one time branded as nutriette. [5] (#cite_note-The_Canadian_Fur_Trade_in_the_Industrial_Age_Ray-5) Rebranding as 'guilt free' [ edit ] In 2010, both the BBC (/wiki/BBC) and The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reported that nutria was being promoted as a socially acceptable way to wear fur, with a fashion show held in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) sponsored by the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program, a conservation body working to preserve Louisiana swampland threatened by the nutria. [1] (#cite_note-Nutria_BBC-1) [4] (#cite_note-NYT_Grossman-4) Designers using nutria [ edit ] Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) and Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) are among the designers to have incorporated nutria into their designs, with de La Renta using it on hats and trims and Kors using it to line raincoats. [6] (#cite_note-Today_Marsh-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Nutria fur: from Louisiana swamps to New York catwalks" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11892878) . BBC. 2 December 2010 . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken_2-0) Brooks Picken, Mary (1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern . Dover. p. 142. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486402940 . Retrieved 7 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fur types in brief" (http://www.furcommission.com/farming/mink-biology/furtypes/) . furcommission.com . Fur Commission . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Grossman, Anna Jane (17 November 2010). "Is their pest your clean conscience?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/fashion/18nutria.html?_r=0) . New York Times . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Canadian_Fur_Trade_in_the_Industrial_Age_Ray_5-0) Ray, Arthur J. (1990). The Canadian Fur Trade in the Industrial Age . Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. p. 122 (https://archive.org/details/carpentrybuildin00john/page/122) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0802067433 . Retrieved 7 October 2014 . Mendoza beaver dyed coney. ^ (#cite_ref-Today_Marsh_6-0) Marsh, Lisa (13 September 2010). "Guilt-free fur? Fashion embraces rodents" (http://www.today.com/id/39151934/ns/today-today_style/t/guilt-free-fur-fashion-embraces-rodents/#.VE0LS4eDtPo) . Today . Retrieved 26 October 2014 . 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This article is about the British magazine published from 1952–1968. Not to be confused with Man About Town (2000s–2010s magazine) (/wiki/Man_About_Town_(2000s%E2%80%932010s_magazine)) . Man About Town The innocent cover of Man About Town , summer 1956, featuring the magazine's mutton chops personification. Categories Men's lifestyle Frequency Quarterly then monthly Founded 1952 Final issue 1968 Company Cornmarket Country United Kingdom Language English Man About Town , later About Town and lastly Town , was a British men's magazine of the 1950s and 1960s. Press Gazette (/wiki/Press_Gazette) described it in 2004 as the "progenitor of all today's men's style magazines". [1] (#cite_note-PG-1) It was the customer offshoot of the well-established weekly trade magazine (/wiki/Trade_magazine) for tailors, The Tailor & Cutter (/w/index.php?title=The_Tailor_%26_Cutter&action=edit&redlink=1) . John Taylor [ edit ] John Taylor (1921–2003) had been interviewed for the editorship of The Tailor & Cutter in 1945, after being demobilised from the Royal Navy, but did not get the job. After his initial failure, he secured another chance and wore his " Fleet Air Arm (/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm) uniform with gold pilot wings and lieutenant's rings" and this time he was successful. This lesson in the importance of clothes and style formed a lasting impression on Taylor. [1] (#cite_note-PG-1) He went on to edit that magazine for 24 years and his weekly comments on the dress of celebrities, politicians and royalty attracted international attention and fame, transforming Tailor & Cutter into what The Times (/wiki/The_Times) called "the most quoted trade magazine in the world". [1] (#cite_note-PG-1) Man About Town [ edit ] Man About Town began as a quarterly magazine in 1952 and Taylor's editing was typically irreverent, not least about the magazine itself. It was said that a subscription, at sixteen shillings, showed "that a fool and his money are soon parted" and included the statement " Man About Town is edited by John Taylor, but never mind". [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) Magforum said: "For [John] Taylor, Man About Town was a platform to indulge his interests in fine wines, especially champagne, good food, women and entertaining company" [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) and the magazine once carried the slogan "women and various other bad habits". Town photographic cover from 1962 The Press Gazette called Man About Town the "progenitor of all today's men's style magazines". [1] (#cite_note-PG-1) In earlier editions it was personified by a middle aged man with a mustache and mutton chops (/wiki/Sideburns) who appeared on the cover as the main figure, or smaller leaning against the title and on the contents page inside. [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) Later, the appearance and content of the magazine changed significantly as it took its place in the media of 1960s Swinging London (/wiki/Swinging_London) . More photographs were printed and art director Tom Wolsey was important in helping photographers like Terence Donovan (/wiki/Terence_Donovan_(photographer)) and Don McCullin (/wiki/Don_McCullin) become established. Mike Dempsey said of Wolsey's work: "The look of the magazine was dynamic in its use of typography, space to breathe and wonderful images." [3] (#cite_note-3) Also featured were cartoons by Michael Heath (/wiki/Michael_Heath_(cartoonist)) , Mel Calman (/wiki/Mel_Calman) and Gerald Scarfe (/wiki/Gerald_Scarfe) . [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) Takeover by Cornmarket [ edit ] In 1960, the magazine was extracted from its Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) roots and used as the launch pad for the Cornmarket (later Haymarket (/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group) ) group [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) when it was bought by Clive Labovitch and Michael Heseltine (/wiki/Michael_Heseltine) . [4] (#cite_note-FT-4) Heseltine had done a property deal to fund the purchase of the magazine. He told The Financial Times (/wiki/The_Financial_Times) that "major changes" were planned including a larger page size and a new type of binding. The magazine was selling around 30,000 copies per edition at the time. [4] (#cite_note-FT-4) Heseltine later told Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_(magazine)) : "We bought a spin-off consumer magazine from the trade title, Tailor & Cutter . It was called Man About Town and had little to commend itself. A supplement to its parent, it was about the trade and for the trade. Clive [Labovitch] recruited a team that was to turn this tatty quarterly into a glossy monthly for men. In one sense we were ahead of the time. Men's fashion was at the margin of acceptability and men's magazines relied almost entirely upon their willingness to peddle soft porn. We were not in that business. The magazine relied for revenue on the advertising industry, and on the wish of art directors and copywriters to see their work displayed in this pace-setting publication." [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) The title was changed to About Town and, in 1962, just Town . [2] (#cite_note-magf-2) The look of the new magazine was much more modern. The mutton chops were gone, replaced with photographic, rather than painted, covers with bold colour choices. However, the Press Gazette commented in 2004, it "was never the same without John's humour and originality". [1] (#cite_note-PG-1) A Town magazine cover from 1967. By this time the covers had become considerably more sexualised. Also in 1962, Cornmarket bought the weekly news magazine Topic , which had only started in 1961, [5] (#cite_note-5) which it relaunched like Man About Town . The idea was to create a British version of Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) . The effort was a failure however, and nearly destroyed the company. Topic was incorporated into Town the same year. Cover art in Town went through a number of different styles characteristic of the era, and continued to feature multiple topics, but towards the end in 1967 it had become far more sexualised so that the magazine began to look more like the porn magazines from which it had once sought to distance itself. [6] (#cite_note-6) The magazine ceased publication in 1968. Competition [ edit ] The failure of Town and similar British non-pornographic men's magazines like Men in Vogue (/wiki/Men_in_Vogue) and the British version of Esquire in the 1950s, has been blamed on the smaller size of the market in the United Kingdom compared to the United States and competition for advertising from commercial television and newspaper colour supplements. [7] (#cite_note-Tungate2008-7) The first colour supplement in the United Kingdom was for The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) , published in February 1962, and it was so successful that the paper gained a quarter of a million new readers. [8] (#cite_note-8) Soon, all the large Sunday newspapers had a similar section. See also [ edit ] Talk of the Town Town & Country Gentleman's Quarterly (/wiki/GQ) ( GQ ) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e "John Taylor: editor of The Tailor & Cutter, columnist and publisher" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110845/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/28540) . Press Gazette . 14 January 2004. Archived from the original (http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/28540) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 2 June 2014 . ^ a b c d e f g Man About Town magazine: 1950s pioneer of men's sector Magforum, 21 November 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tom Wolsey: My Kind of Town (http://mikedempsey.typepad.com/graphic_journey_blog/2013/07/tom-wolsey-my-kind-of-town.html) Mike Dempsey (/wiki/Mike_Dempsey_(graphic_designer)) , Royal Designer for Industry (/wiki/Royal_Designer_for_Industry) , 31 July 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2014. ^ a b " Man about Town ", The Financial Times , 7 January 1960, p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Topic News Magazine To Be Published on Oct. 18", The Financial Times , 14 July 1961, p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Man About Town magazine covers (http://www.magforum.com/mat/man_about_town_covers.htm) Magforum, 21 November 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-Tungate2008_7-0) Tungate, Mark (2008). Branded male: Marketing to men . London: Kogan Page (/wiki/Kogan_Page) . p. 123. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7494-5356-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) 50 years of the Sunday Times Magazine (https://web.archive.org/web/20120529170523/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article858993.ece) , The Sunday Times , 20 January 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014. Further reading [ edit ] Taylor, John. (2005) From Ovaltiney to angry old man: The life and times of John Taylor. Scott Taylor Publishing. External links [ edit ] List of contents, (http://www.magforum.com/mat/mat_1958aug.htm) Man About Town , August 1958. (http://www.magforum.com/mat/mat_1958aug.htm) "Graphic Journey Blog: Tom Wolsey: My Kind of Town" (http://mikedempsey.typepad.com/graphic_journey_blog/2013/07/tom-wolsey-my-kind-of-town.html) . mikedempsey.typepad.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 . 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Romanian-born American fashion designer This article is about the fashion designer. For the astronomer, see Benjamin Zuckerman (/wiki/Benjamin_Zuckerman) . Ben Zuckerman Born ( 1890-07-29 ) July 29, 1890 Kingdom of Romania (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania) Died August 9, 1979 (1979-08-09) (aged 89) Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , U.S. Nationality Romanian Citizenship United States (/wiki/United_States) Partner Harry Schacter Awards 1951 Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) ; 1952, 1957 and 1961 Coty Awards (/wiki/Coty_Award) Ben Zuckerman (July 29, 1890 – August 9, 1979) was a Romanian-born, American fashion designer, known particularly for his high-quality tailored coats and suits. He made clothes for Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) while she was First Lady of the United States (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) . Early life [ edit ] Ben Zuckerman was born in Romania (/wiki/Romania) on 29 July 1890, and immigrated along with his family when he was still a child. The family settled in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , where Zuckerman left school, aged 15. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Career [ edit ] The young Zuckerman started out as a floor sweeper for a dress factory, but built up his skills, until, aged 21, he was able to launch his first business in partnership with Joseph Hoffman. In the late 1920s, the company was succeeded by a new one, Zuckerman & Kraus, which lasted until 1949. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) After travelling Europe and touring the United States, Zuckerman came back to New York and launched his eponymous company "Ben Zuckerman" in 1950. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) His head designer was a former boxer and gas-pump attendant, Harry Shacter, who was also Zuckerman's partner personally as well as professionally. [2] (#cite_note-brady-2) Stanley Marcus (/wiki/Stanley_Marcus) recalled that Shacter had a particular knack for going to Paris couture presentations, where sketching was not allowed, and memorising up to fifty looks from the show which he would accurately draw afterwards. [3] (#cite_note-sm-3) This enabled Ben Zuckerman to offer clothing that closely reproduced the latest Paris fashions without having to pay expensive reproduction fees. [3] (#cite_note-sm-3) Zuckerman, although he could not sew, [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) was known as the "Master Tailor of Seventh Avenue." [4] (#cite_note-wwd-4) The quality of his boldly coloured suits and coats was much admired, and very influential on the way American women dressed. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [4] (#cite_note-wwd-4) His work was described as looking like it had been made by couturiers such as Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [5] (#cite_note-bowles-5) Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) wore one of his coat and dress ensembles in 1956 when she arrived in Monaco to marry Prince Rainier (/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco) , and proudly wore the same coat nine years later whilst pregnant with her youngest child (/wiki/Princess_St%C3%A9phanie_of_Monaco) . [6] (#cite_note-6) When Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) became First Lady of the United States (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) , she consulted with Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) to get names of all-American designers who would be appropriately patriotic choices to dress her for her role. After considering the request, particularly Kennedy's request for designers who could reproduce Paris-style elegance, Vreeland recommended Zuckerman alongside Norman Norell (/wiki/Norman_Norell) , and the sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) designer Stella Sloat (/w/index.php?title=Stella_Sloat&action=edit&redlink=1) . A purple wool Zuckerman coat closely based on a Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) model was originally going to be worn for the Inauguration Day (/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy) , although Kennedy changed her mind and wore it instead for a tour of the White House (/wiki/White_House) with Mamie Eisenhower. [5] (#cite_note-bowles-5) The quality of Zuckerman's clothing was also noted by the poet Marianne Moore (/wiki/Marianne_Moore) , who wrote a short poem about it that was engraved on an award from the Coat and Suit Board in 1963. [7] (#cite_note-koshetz-7) Ben Zuckerman retired and closed his business in 1968. In 1973, Zuckerman and Shacter were elected charter members of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Awards [ edit ] Ben Zuckerman won his first Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) in 1952, the Return Award in 1957, and the Hall of Fame Award in 1961. [8] (#cite_note-mcdowell-8) He was also a recipient of the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) in 1951, alongside the ceramicist Ernestine Cannon (/wiki/Ernestine_Cannon) and the ready-to-wear designer Jane Derby (/wiki/Jane_Derby) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Death [ edit ] Zuckerman died at his home in Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , on August 9, 1979. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h Cook, Joan (August 11, 1979). "Ben Zuckerman, Clothier, Is Dead; Leader in Ready-to-Wear Industry" (https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/11/archives/ben-zuckerman-clothier-is-dead-leader-in-readytowear-industry-label.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-brady_2-0) Brady, James (November 30, 2006). "Crazy Fashion" (https://www.forbes.com/2006/11/29/fashion-designers-antics-oped-cx_jb_1130fashion.html) . Forbes . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ a b Marcus, Stanley (2001). Minding the Store . University of North Texas Press. p. 298. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781574411393 . ^ a b Friedman, Arthur (November 1, 2010). "Principal Characters" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/principal-characters-3356720/) . WWD . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ a b Bowles, Hamish (/wiki/Hamish_Bowles) ; John F. Kennedy Library and Museum (2001). Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years : Selections from the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum . Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780870999819 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Spedding, Emma (November 10, 2016). "Giving good taste a sense of glamour: Why Grace Kelly remains such an enduring style icon" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/why-grace-kelly-remains-such-an-enduring-style-icon/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-koshetz_7-0) Koshetz, Herbert (July 1, 1964). "Ben Zuckerman, 70, Continues at Work Saluted by Poet" (https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/01/ben-zuckerman-70-continues-at-work-saluted-by-poet.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_8-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Staff writer (October 25, 2002). "The Neiman's Seal of Approval" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092533/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-93918462.html) . Women's Wear Daily . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-93918462.html) on April 2, 2015 . Retrieved March 2, 2015 – via Highbeam. 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American fashion model (born 1988) Arizona Muse Muse in London; 2014 Born Arizona Grace Muse ( 1988-09-18 ) September 18, 1988 (age 35) Tucson, Arizona (/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona) , U.S. [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) Spouse Boniface Verney-Carron ​ ​ ( m. 2017) ​ Children 2 Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-Next_Models-1) Hair color Brown Eye color Green [1] (#cite_note-Next_Models-1) Agency DNA Model Management (New York) Oui Management (Paris) Premier Model Management (London) Next Management (/wiki/Next_Management) (Milan, Los Angeles) Red Eleven Model Management (Auckland) Le Management (Copenhagen) Modelwerk (/w/index.php?title=Modelwerk&action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamburg) Stockholmsgruppen (Stockholm) Chic Management (Sydney) [2] (#cite_note-2) Arizona Grace Muse [4] (#cite_note-4) (born September 18, 1988) is an American fashion model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) . Early life [ edit ] Muse was born in Tucson (/wiki/Tucson) , Arizona (/wiki/Arizona) , and raised in Santa Fe (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico) , New Mexico (/wiki/New_Mexico) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Her father is American and her mother is British. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Muse began modeling as a teenager but her career did not begin until 2009. Muse has appeared in editorials in French, American, Chinese, British, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Italian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , Numéro (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) , and Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) . The March 2011 issue of Dazed & Confused was dedicated to her. [6] (#cite_note-vogue.com-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Muse has appeared on the cover of the Chinese, Australian, Spanish, Greek, Korean, Mexican, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish and Ukrainian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Numéro (shot by Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) ), and Dazed & Confused . She appeared on the November 2011 cover of Vogue Paris (shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin (/wiki/Inez_van_Lamsweerde_and_Vinoodh_Matadin) ). [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2013 she appeared in a Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) ad along with David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Personal life [ edit ] Muse has a son named Nikko Quintana Muse (born April 14, 2009), with ex-fiancé Manuel Quintana. [10] (#cite_note-10) She married Boniface Verney-Carron in London (/wiki/London) in 2017. [11] (#cite_note-11) Their daughter was born in 2018. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Arizona Muse" (http://www.nextmodels.com/#/board/CF31EFA1-C578-49E1-BF00-A064578E630C/aa37b07c-8ef6-4a59-a882-15d9b727e73a/22/photos) . Next Models. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110207003813/http://www.nextmodels.com/) from the original on 7 February 2011 . Retrieved 2011-02-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Arizona Muse - Model" (https://models.com/models/arizona-muse) . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_3-0) "Model Wall - Arizona Muse" (http://www.vogue.com/fashion/model-wall/arizona-muse/) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 2011-02-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Straight from our model bookings director" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/throwback-thursday-arizona-muse) . Teen Vogue . 11 September 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hot Model: Arizona Muse" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/the-hottest-breakout-stars-of-2011-20110308/hot-model-arizona-muse-0364268) . rollingstone.com . 8 March 2011 . Retrieved 30 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue.com_6-0) http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/arizona-muse-manifest-destiny/ (http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/arizona-muse-manifest-destiny/) Arizona Muse: Manifest Destiny ^ (#cite_ref-7) http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/9599/1/dazed--confused-march-issue (http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/9599/1/dazed--confused-march-issue) Birth of a Muse ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Arizona Muse en couverture du Vogue de novembre" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120123224755/http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/arizona-muse-en-couverture-du-vogue-de-novembre/9761) . Vogue.fr . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/arizona-muse-en-couverture-du-vogue-de-novembre/9761) on 23 January 2012 . Retrieved 30 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "David Bowie sings 'I'd Rather be High' in new film for Louis Vuitton – watch" (https://www.nme.com/news/music/david-bowie-225-1232409) . NME (/wiki/NME) . 8 November 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "MQstyle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200804055657/https://mqstyle.info/) . Archived from the original (https://www.mqstyle.info/) on 2020-08-04 . Retrieved 2022-06-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Arizona Muse Weds in Temperley" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/arizona-muse-boniface-wedding-temperley) . British Vogue . 19 June 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Arizona Muse welcomes baby girl" (http://www.hollywood.com/general/arizona-muse-welcomes-baby-girl-60736993/) . Hollywood.com . 16 November 2018. 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German-English fashion model Sophia Ahrens Born Sophia Ahrens ( 1996-01-04 ) 4 January 1996 (age 28) Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) Occupation Model Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Hazel Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York City) Oui Management (Paris) Monster Management (Milan) The Hive Management (London) Future Faces Model Mgmt (Amsterdam) Le Management (Copenhagen) [1] (#cite_note-MOD1-1) Sophia Ahrens is a German (/wiki/Germans) - English (/wiki/English_people) fashion model. Early life [ edit ] Ahrens was born in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) to a German (/wiki/Germans) father and an English (/wiki/English_people) mother and grew up mainly in England (/wiki/England) . [2] (#cite_note-2) She was scouted at age 12 by Laura Murphy (The Hive Management) in January 2015) [3] (#cite_note-3) while Christmas shopping in a London mall. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] As of 2015, Ahrens is currently signed to DNA Model Management. [5] (#cite_note-5) Ahrens is one of the faces of Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She has modeled for Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Claudie Pierlot. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2014, she was the face of the perfume (/wiki/Perfume) “Daisy“ by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In the 2015 F/W season, she ranked 8 on the list of top models, according to MADAME, a German fashion magazine [9] (#cite_note-9) In August 2018, Ahrens was on the cover of Elle Italia (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , as well as doing various editorials (/wiki/Editorial) . [1] (#cite_note-MOD1-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Sophia Ahrens" (https://models.com/models/sophia-ahrens) . Models . Retrieved 5 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Garced, Kristi (10 February 2015). "Model Call: Sophia Ahrens" (http://wwd.com/eye/fashion/model-call-sophia-ahrens-8165262/) . WWD . Retrieved 24 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "LONDON: WILHELMINA MODELS ACQUIRES UNION MODELS" (http://www.businessmodelmag.com/europe/2015/1/6/london-wilhelmina-models-acquires-union-models) . The Business Model . Retrieved 24 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Focus on Models: Sophia Ahrens" (http://www.vogue.it/en/shows/focus-on-models/2013/08/sophia-ahrens) . Vogue Italia . Retrieved 24 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Sophia Ahrens" (http://www.dnamodels.com/div/women-development/model/sophia-ahrens2/p/3345/c/-1/) . DNA Model Management . Retrieved 24 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Im Interview mit Sophia Ahrens" (https://www.lofficiel.ch/Woman/im-interview-mit-sophia-ahrens) (in German). L'Officiel. 14 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "SOPHIA AHRENS" (http://www.thehivemanagement.com/main-board/sophia-ahrens/) . The Hive. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Go Behind the Scenes of Sofia Coppola's Marc Jacobs Daisy Campaign" (https://en.vogue.me/archive/beauty-counter/marc-jacobs-daisy-sofia-coppola/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 26 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "DAS SIND DIE BEGEHRTESTEN MODELS" (https://www.madame.de/platz-8-sophia-ahrens-871187.html) (in German). Madame. 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Fashion designer Jerry Lee Atwood Nationality American Occupation Fashion designer Jerry Lee Atwood (born September 13) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Designer) specializing in western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) and chainstitch embroidery (/wiki/Chain_stitch) . Atwood was featured in the February 2021 issue of Vogue . [1] (#cite_note-1) Union Western [ edit ] Union Western Clothing is featured in the documentary, Chain Stitched: The Work of Jerry Lee Atwood from Grass Fed Cinema in 2018. [2] (#cite_note-2) The Highwomen (/wiki/The_Highwomen) wear Union Western originals on their album cover, along with singer Joshua Hedley (/wiki/Joshua_Hedley) , Foo Fighters guitarist Chris Shiflett (/wiki/Chris_Shiflett) , and other country stars including Nikki Lane (/wiki/Nikki_Lane) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Lil Nas X [ edit ] In 2019, Atwood designed the suit worn by Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) in the " Old Town Road (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) " video with Billy Ray Cyrus (/wiki/Billy_Ray_Cyrus) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Post Malone [ edit ] Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) winner Post Malone (/wiki/Post_Malone) wore a Union Western suit to the 2018 American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Mid-West" (https://www.vogue.com/article/united-states-of-fashion-mid-west) . Vogue . 2021-01-14 . Retrieved 2022-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Scott, John (2018-06-07). "Chain Stitched: The Work of Jerry Lee Atwood" (http://www.grassfedcinema.com/2018/06/07/chain-stitched-the-work-of-jerry-lee-atwood/) . Grassfed Cinema . Retrieved 2022-01-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rhinestone Cowboy" (https://gardenandgun.com/articles/rhinestone-cowboy/) . Garden & Gun . 2019-11-19 . Retrieved 2022-01-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gallagher, Jacob (2019-09-09). "From Roy Rogers to Lil Nas X: The Wild Western Story of Nudie Suits" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-roy-rogers-to-lil-nas-x-the-wild-western-story-of-nudie-suits-11568047012) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 2022-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "This Veteran Embroiderer Is Behind the Most Daring Suits in Music" (https://www.vogue.com/article/veteran-embroiderer-daring-suits) . Vogue . 2019-03-11 . Retrieved 2022-01-12 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐776b8bc854‐c8k57 Cached time: 20240709204545 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.273 seconds Real time usage: 0.359 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1679/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10612/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 662/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20460/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.169/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4403850/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 341.586 1 -total 37.89% 129.439 1 Template:Reflist 36.38% 124.285 1 Template:Infobox_person 31.41% 107.286 4 Template:Cite_web 24.32% 83.082 1 Template:Short_description 12.80% 43.716 2 Template:Pagetype 12.73% 43.484 16 Template:Main_other 7.86% 26.861 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.91% 23.597 1 Template:SDcat 3.29% 11.227 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69737574-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709204547 and revision id 1233579558. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lee_Atwood_(clothing_designer)&oldid=1233579558 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lee_Atwood_(clothing_designer)&oldid=1233579558) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) Place of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Boutiques along the Via Gesù, in the middle of the district The Quadrilatero della moda ( Italian pronunciation: [kwadriˈlaːtero (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) della (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ˈmɔːda] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ; literally "fashion square"), or Via Montenapoleone fashion district , is a shopping district (/wiki/Shopping_district) in the centre of the Italian city of Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Shops there include both Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) and international brands. The sides of the square, located to the south of the arches of Porta Nuova (/wiki/Porta_Nuova_(Medieval)) , are formed by Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) (SW), Via Manzoni (/wiki/Via_Manzoni) (NW), Via della Spiga (/wiki/Via_della_Spiga) (NE), and Corso Venezia (/wiki/Corso_Venezia) (SE). Streets inside this area include Via Borgospesso (/wiki/Via_Borgospesso,_Milan) , Via Santo Spirito (/wiki/Via_Santo_Spirito,_Milan) , Via Gesù, Via Sant'Andrea (/wiki/Via_Sant%27Andrea) , Via Bagutta, and Via Baggutino. The zone extends in practice also to the north-west of Via Manzoni with Via Pisoni (/wiki/Via_Pisoni,_Milan) , and to the south and west of Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) with Corso Giacomo Matteotti (/wiki/Corso_Giacomo_Matteotti) (this last meets Corso Venezia (/wiki/Corso_Venezia) at Piazza San Babila (/wiki/Piazza_San_Babila) ), Piazza Meda (/wiki/Piazza_Meda,_Milan) , Via San Pietro all'Orto (/wiki/Via_San_Pietro_all%27Orto,_Milan) , and Via Verri (/wiki/Via_Verri,_Milan) . Streets and squares [ edit ] Corso Giacomo Matteotti [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Corso Venezia [ edit ] Main article: Corso Venezia (/wiki/Corso_Venezia) Piazza Meda [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Piazza San Babila [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Bagatt Boggi (/w/index.php?title=Boggi_Milano&action=edit&redlink=1) Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) Gusella Nadine North Sails Sisley (/wiki/Sisley) Valextra (/wiki/Valextra) Via Bigli [ edit ] Scappino (/wiki/Scappino_(Fashion_House)) Via Borgospesso [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Altomani & Sons Andrea Pfister Antichità Silbernagl Cyrus Company daDriade Galleria Silva Giuliano Fujwara Laura Biagiotti (/wiki/Laura_Biagiotti) Pinco Pallino Tween DdM Versace Homme (/wiki/Versace) Via della Spiga [ edit ] Main article: Via della Spiga (/wiki/Via_della_Spiga) Via Manzoni [ edit ] Main article: Via Manzoni (/wiki/Via_Manzoni) Via Montenapoleone [ edit ] Main article: Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) Gianfranco Lotti (/wiki/Gianfranco_Lotti) Via Pisoni [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Armani Casa (/wiki/Armani) Armani Privè (/wiki/Armani) Poltrona Frau (/wiki/Poltrona_Frau) Via San Pietro all'Orto [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Jimmy Choo (/wiki/Jimmy_Choo) Bagutta Via Sant'Andrea [ edit ] Main article: Via Sant'Andrea (/wiki/Via_Sant%27Andrea) Restelli Guanti Via Santo Spirito [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Borbonese Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) Via Verri [ edit ] Fashion shops include: Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Baldinini Berluti (/wiki/Berluti) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) Canali (/wiki/Canali) DSquared² (/wiki/DSquared%C2%B2) Etro (/wiki/Etro) Profumi Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) John Richmond (/wiki/John_Richmond_(fashion_designer)) Nautica (/wiki/Nautica_(clothing_company)) Oxford Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) See also [ edit ] Architecture portal (/wiki/Portal:Architecture) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of upscale shopping districts (/wiki/List_of_upscale_shopping_districts) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Quadrilatero della Moda - Informazioni generali" (http://www.turismo.milano.it/wps/portal/tur/it/scoprilacitta/itinerari/quadrilatero_della_moda) . turismo.milano.it (in Italian). 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Women's top Cache-cœur. A cache-cœur ( French (/wiki/French_language) for "hide the heart") is a top (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) for women, composed of two finished triangular parts, each having a strap. It is closed by overlapping the two segments and tying the straps behind the back or along the side, depending on the length. The triangular shape of the sides makes the garment a type of V-neck. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Word of the week: Cache-coeur" (https://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/) . Fritinancy Names, brands, writing, and the language of commerce . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper 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Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal 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Dutch Fashion designer Peet Dullaert Born 1989 The Netherlands (/wiki/The_Netherlands) Nationality Dutch Alma mater ArtEZ University of Arts (/wiki/ArtEZ_University_of_Arts) Occupation Fashion designer Years active 2012 - present Known for Peet Dullaert (brand) Awards Frans Molenaar-prijs (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Molenaar-prijs) Website Official website (https://shop.peetdullaert.com/) Peet Dullaert is a Dutch fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , couturier (/wiki/Couturier) and entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) based in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) . [1] (#cite_note-1) He is the founder of the eponymous brand, Peet Dullaert , which he founded in 2012. [2] (#cite_note-VGG-2) Dullaert was awarded with the Frans Molenaar-prijs (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Molenaar-prijs) in 2012 and was nominated for the 2016 International Woolmark Prize (/wiki/International_Wool_Secretariat#International_Woolmark_Prize) for his contribution in the fashion industry. [3] (#cite_note-GLD-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Biography [ edit ] Early life and career [ edit ] Dullaert was born in The Netherlands (/wiki/The_Netherlands) in 1989. He attended ArtEZ University of Arts (/wiki/ArtEZ_University_of_Arts) in Arnhem (/wiki/Arnhem) where he graduated with honors in 2012. During his years at the ArtEZ, Dullaert won the Triumph Innovation Award in 2010. He interned at Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin) where he also assisted Alber Elbaz (/wiki/Alber_Elbaz) in Loïc Prigent (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Prigent) 's 2011 documentary, Le Jour d'Avant - Lanvin . [5] (#cite_note-FUN-5) In 2012, at the age of 23, Dullaert was awarded with Frans Molenaar-prijs (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Molenaar-prijs) . [3] (#cite_note-GLD-3) Later that year, Dullaert founded his independent brand, Peet Dullaert , specializing in haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) and fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) . [2] (#cite_note-VGG-2) Soon after its establishment, the Peet Dullaert brand received coverage and reviews from international fashion media including Vogue China (/wiki/Vogue_China) and Vogue Brasil . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In the early days with his brand, the designer reflects with pioneers in the fashion industry such as Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) and Baroness Hélène de Ludinghausen (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_de_Ludinghausen) , the former Directrice of Yves Saint Laurent Haute Couture (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , on the past and context of the industry at that time. [8] (#cite_note-8) These conversations aided Dullaert in the creation of his sustainable and responsible production cycle for luxury and his desire for change, which was implemented in 2014. [9] (#cite_note-9) His concept through his label has been described to shake up the world of luxury by rethinking its processes and representation, and encouraging a shift towards more responsible practices. [10] (#cite_note-10) For his commitment to the oceans and sustainable fashion practices, he has been recognised by Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) as one of the designers who are environmentally engaged, and work to make a difference for the oceans. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2013, Dullaert launched, Muses With Extraordinary Lives , a project honoring women from around the world who share their stories and advocacies. Prominent women of the fashion industry such as Zuleika Ponsen, Linda Spierings, Sylvia Gobbel, Amanda Lear (/wiki/Amanda_Lear) and Pat Cleveland (/wiki/Pat_Cleveland) were featured sharing their vision through interviews, and appearances in the designer's clothing. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2015, Dullaert's launched his accessories line, Le Sac Si . The ad campaign (/wiki/Ad_campaign) for Le Sac Si included models of all ages which received wide coverage including that from American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) on his efforts to show representation of women of all ages. [13] (#cite_note-13) Dullaert was one of the first designers contributing to redefine the method of ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) production, after setting up his collections to function on a " See now, Order now " basis. He modernised the process by making the ready-to-wear collections available for immediate sale after the launch and produces each piece in-house following each order placed, instead of the ready-to-wear industry's traditional production line set-up, taking factories six months to deliver. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2016, Dullaert was awarded with the Dutch nomination for the International Woolmark Prize (/wiki/International_Wool_Secretariat#International_Woolmark_Prize) and represented The Netherlands (/wiki/The_Netherlands) in the 2017 competition held in Milan, Italy (/wiki/Milan,_Italy) . [15] (#cite_note-15) According to Vogue Italy , Dullaert's design aims to reflect an eminently poetic universe which is marked by freedom of movement for today's lifestyle. [16] (#cite_note-16) Veteran fashion publicist Albert Ayal was quoted in The Zoe Report (/wiki/The_Zoe_Report) , "[sic] Peet Dullaert's accessories look like something you would see in a museum" . [17] (#cite_note-17) Dullaert's collections have been worn by celebrities around the world including Mouna Ayoub (/wiki/Mouna_Ayoub) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Jaime Xie (/wiki/Jaime_Xie) , Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , and Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Recognitions [ edit ] 2010 : Triumph Innovation Award. [5] (#cite_note-FUN-5) 2012 : Frans Molenaar-prijs (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Molenaar-prijs) . [3] (#cite_note-GLD-3) 2016 : Dutch Nomination International Woolmark Prize 2017. [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Trochu, Eugénie; Lambert, Holly (2017-05-04). "New Designers: who we're following this year" (https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/profile/diaporama/new-designers-who-were-following-this-year/39988) . Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ a b Blanc, Emeline; Beran, Claudia (2022-06-11). "Schutz der Ozeane: Diese 6 Schmucklabels setzen alles daran!" (https://www.vogue.de/mode/artikel/schutz-ozeane-6-schmucklabels-setzen-alles-daran) . Vogue Germany (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (in German) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ a b c "Peet Dullaert wint Frans Molenaar Prijs" (https://www.gelderlander.nl/arnhem/peet-dullaert-wint-frans-molenaar-prijs~a5528972/) . De Gelderlander (/wiki/De_Gelderlander) (in Dutch). 2011-07-12 . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Stamkot, Sigrid (2016-04-05). "Peet Dullaert genomineerd voor belangrijke prijs" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/nl/mode-juwelen/news/a2181/peet-dullaert-genomineerd-voor-belangrijke-prijs/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) (in Dutch) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ a b Broek, Stephanie (2012-07-11). "Peet Dullaert wint Frans Molenaar-prijs" (https://fashionunited.nl/v1/leads/peet-dullaert-wint-frans-molenaar-prijs/201207112124) . FashionUnited (/wiki/FashionUnited) (in Dutch) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Liu, Jillian (2012-08-13). "Peet Dullaert - 2012秋冬系列大片" (http://www.vogue.com.cn/invogue/image-mania/pic_1312337a67accac0.html) . Vogue China (/wiki/Vogue_China) (in Chinese) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Peet Dullaert é novo nome para ficar de olho. Veja aqui o verão 2013 do holandês" (https://vogue.globo.com/moda/noticia/2012/09/peet-dullaert-e-novo-nome-para-ficar-de-olho-veja-aqui-o-verao-2013-do-holandes.html) . Vogue Brasil (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (in Portuguese). 2012-09-28 . Retrieved 2022-06-22 – via Globo.com (/wiki/Globo.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cowles, Charlotte (2014-11-18). "Tatiana Sorokko Makes Her Modeling Comeback" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a4402/tatiana-sorokko-interview-1214/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Delalandre, Anne (2018-02-28). "Mes coupes sont fluides pour suivre les mouvements du corps des femmes" (https://issuu.com/palacecostes/docs/palace71) . Palace Costes (in French). Vol. 71, no. February - March 2018. pp. 70–71 . Retrieved 2022-06-22 – via Issuu (/wiki/Issuu) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Crash redaction. "Profil / Peet Dullaert" (https://www.crash.fr/profil-peet-dullaeart/) . Crash Magazine (/wiki/Crash_Magazine) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Blanc, Emeline (2022-06-08). "6 créateurs de bijoux engagés pour la protection des océans à connaître d'urgence" (https://www.vogue.fr/joaillerie/portrait/story/journee-mondiale-des-oceans-5-createurs-de-bijoux-engages-pour-la-protection-des-oceans/2566) . Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) (in French) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Shaffi, Musfira (2014-06-30). "Peet Dullaert's Ode to Legendary Women in Fashion" (https://en.vogue.me/archive/legacy/peet-dullaerts-ode-to-legendary-women-in-fashion/) . Vogue Arabia (/wiki/Vogue_Arabia) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Okwodu, Janelle (2015-09-21). "Why We're Loving This Dutch Designer's New Ad Campaign" (https://www.vogue.com/article/peet-dullaert-campaign-stars-on-aging-modeling) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cámara, Juan Pedro. "Tailoring that enables modern living" (https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/interview/peet-dullaert-tailoring-that-enables-modern-living) . Metal Magazine . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Muret, Dominique (2016-04-06). "The Woolmark Prize announces its European nominees" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/The-woolmark-prize-announces-its-european-nominees,677905.html) . Fashion Network . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Peet Dullaert - Lo stilista tra i finalisti dell' International Woolmark Prize racconta la sua ispirazione e il suo metodo di lavoro" (https://www.vogue.it/vogue-talents/news/2017/02/06/peet-dullaert-iwp-international-woolmark-prize-diversity) . Vogue Italy (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (in Italian). 2017-02-06 . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Naer, Danielle (2021-08-06). "14 Emerging Brands For Summer 2021, According To @UpNextDesigner" (https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/emerging-brands-summer-2021-upnextdesigner-instagram) . The Zoe Report (/wiki/The_Zoe_Report) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Okwodu, Janelle (2021-03-29). "This Week, the Best Dressed Stars Stayed True to Themselves" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/10-best-dressed-rihanna-kylie-jenner-issa-rae) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Fredette, Meagan (2021-02-09). "Kendall Jenner Becomes The First Creative Director Of Retailer FWRD" (https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/kendall-jenner-frwd-creative-director) . W magazine (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Turra, Alessandra (2016-06-28). "Woolmark Reveals European Winners" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/woolmark-revelas-european-winners-10474041/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . 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This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . For businesses that sell jewelry/jewellery (often called "Jewelers") by country, see Category:Jewellery retailers (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_retailers) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐9sr96 Cached time: 20240720011727 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.094 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 57/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1902/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2636/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 765831/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 83.793 1 -total 74.98% 62.829 1 Template:Container_cat 66.74% 55.921 1 Template:Cmbox 24.94% 20.894 1 Template:For 4.24% 3.556 1 Template:Single_namespace 2.06% 1.725 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26281611-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720011727 and revision id 701320613. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 28 subcategories, out of 28 total. . Goldsmiths by nationality (/wiki/Category:Goldsmiths_by_nationality) ‎ (15 C) Jewellery designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_designers_by_nationality) ‎ (25 C) Silversmiths by nationality (/wiki/Category:Silversmiths_by_nationality) ‎ (22 C) A American jewellers (/wiki/Category:American_jewellers) ‎ (7 C, 112 P) Armenian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Armenian_jewellers) ‎ (2 P) Australian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Australian_jewellers) ‎ (3 C, 20 P) Austrian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Austrian_jewellers) ‎ (4 P) B Belgian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Belgian_jewellers) ‎ (3 C, 6 P) Brazilian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Brazilian_jewellers) ‎ (1 C, 3 P) British jewellers (/wiki/Category:British_jewellers) ‎ (7 C, 22 P) C Canadian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Canadian_jewellers) ‎ (3 C, 8 P) D Danish jewellers (/wiki/Category:Danish_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 7 P) Dutch jewellers (/wiki/Category:Dutch_jewellers) ‎ (3 C, 10 P) F Filipino jewellers (/wiki/Category:Filipino_jewellers) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) French jewellers (/wiki/Category:French_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 32 P) G German jewellers (/wiki/Category:German_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 9 P) Guyanese jewellers (/wiki/Category:Guyanese_jewellers) ‎ (1 P) I Indian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Indian_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 13 P) Italian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Italian_jewellers) ‎ (4 C, 21 P) N New Zealand jewellers (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 29 P) Nigerian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_jewellers) ‎ (3 P) Norwegian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_jewellers) ‎ (3 C, 1 P) P Pakistani jewellers (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_jewellers) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) R Russian jewellers (/wiki/Category:Russian_jewellers) ‎ (5 C, 5 P) S Spanish jewellers (/wiki/Category:Spanish_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 2 P) Swedish jewellers (/wiki/Category:Swedish_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 7 P) Swiss jewellers (/wiki/Category:Swiss_jewellers) ‎ (2 C, 1 P) T Turkish jewellers (/wiki/Category:Turkish_jewellers) ‎ (2 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellers_by_nationality&oldid=701320613 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellers_by_nationality&oldid=701320613) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellers (/wiki/Category:Jewellers) Artisans by nationality (/wiki/Category:Artisans_by_nationality) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
< User:Mauriziok (/wiki/User:Mauriziok) Venezuelan beauty pageant titleholder and Fashion Model Mariangela Bonanni Born Mariaangela Bonanni [11] (#cite_note-11) ( 1988-08-15 ) 15 August 1988 (age 35) San Cristóbal (/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Venezuela) , Táchira (/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_(state)) , Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) Citizenship Venezuelan (/wiki/Venezuelan_people) , Italian (/wiki/Italian_people) Occupation Fashion Model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) Years active 2009–present Known for Miss Táchira 2009 (Winner) Miss Venezuela 2009 (/wiki/Miss_Venezuela_2009) (1st Runner-Up) Miss Earth 2010 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2010) (Top 7) Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Red (/wiki/Red_hair) Eye color Brown (/wiki/Eye_color#Brown) Agency Brand Model Management (Finland) [1] (#cite_note-1) Women 360 Management (New York, NY.) [2] (#cite_note-2) The Hive Management (London) [3] (#cite_note-3) Model Management (Germany) [4] (#cite_note-4) Line Up Models (Spain) [5] (#cite_note-5) Two Management (Los Angeles, CA.) [6] (#cite_note-6) DModel Agency (Greece) [7] (#cite_note-7) The Lab Models (Milan, Italy) [8] (#cite_note-8) Oui Management (Paris, France) [9] (#cite_note-9) Mikas (Stockholm) [10] (#cite_note-10) Website mariangelabonanni (https://mariangelabonanni.com/) .com (https://mariangelabonanni.com/) Mariángela Bonanni is a Venezuelan beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder and Fashion Model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) from San Cristóbal (/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Venezuela) , Táchira (/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_(state)) , Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) , who started her career representing her native state Táchira (/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_(state)) in the Miss Venezuela 2009 (/wiki/Miss_Venezuela_2009) pageant on 24 September 2009, and won the title of 1st runner up and Best Catwalk . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) She subsequently represented Venezuela in the 2010 Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2010) beauty pageant, in Nha Trang (/wiki/Nha_Trang) , ( Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) ) on 4 December 2010, and ranked in Top 7. [14] (#cite_note-14) After the beauty pageants, she began her career as a model in 2012, which she currently continues developing. In her career as a model she has lived in different countries such as Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , London (/wiki/London) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) . Career [ edit ] Modeling [ edit ] She began her modeling career in 2012 with the agency Model Zone in Mexico City where she did TV commercials for brands such as Always (brand) (/wiki/Always_(brand)) , Ruffles (/wiki/Ruffles_(potato_chips)) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Doritos (/wiki/Doritos) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Baileys Irish Cream (/wiki/Baileys_Irish_Cream) , [17] (#cite_note-17) Tequila Cazadores and Jose Cuervo (/wiki/Jose_Cuervo) , [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Canon Inc. (/wiki/Canon_Inc.) and Gamesa (/wiki/Gamesa) . [ citation needed ] In 2015, she continued to develop her career in Europe (/wiki/Europe) , starting in Spain with the agency Berta Models; where she became part of the worldwide campaign for Wella (/wiki/Wella) Koleston beauty products. [ citation needed ] After being contacted by her current Mother agency Brand Management, she was hired by different agencies around the world where she has worked for magazines such as ELLE (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , GQ (/wiki/GQ) , Brigitte, Hello Monthly, Flair, Paris Match (/wiki/Paris_Match) , La Viva, You, The My Fair, Madame Figuero, and Diva&Donna. She has also been part of campaigns for important brands such as Garnier (/wiki/Garnier) , Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) , Triumph International (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Next plc (/wiki/Next_plc) , Chantelle (/wiki/Chantelle_(lingerie)) , Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) , Best Company 1982, Myla and Simone Perèlè. [ citation needed ] Bonnani won the Miss Táchira 2009 title in a state pageant held in San Cristóbal (/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Venezuela) , Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) on 28 May 2009. [20] (#cite_note-20) Titles [ edit ] Miss Táchira 2009 (Winner) Miss Venezuela 2009 (1st runner up) Miss Venezuela Earth 2010 Miss Earth 2010 (Top 7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Brand / Mariangela Bonanni" (http://www.brand.fi/models/mariangela/) . Brand Management . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Women 360" (https://www.w360management.com/search/9742-mariaangela_bonanni.web) . Women 360 Management . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Hive" (http://www.thehivemanagement.com/women/mariangela-bonanni/) . The Hive Management . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Model / Mariangela Bonanni" (https://www.model-management.de/book/soc/mariangela-bonanni-1462) . Model Management . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Line Up / Mariangela Bonanni" (http://www.lineupmodels.com/women/219-mariangela/) . Line Up . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Two M/ Mariangela Bonanni" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190623164614/https://www.twomanagement.com/main-women/1351989/mariangela-bonanni) . Two Management . Archived from the original (https://www.twomanagement.com/main-women/1351989/mariangela-bonanni) on 23 June 2019 . Retrieved 23 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "DModel / Mariangela Bonanni" (http://www.dmodelagency.com/model/mariangela-bonanni/) . DModel Agency . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Lab / Mariangela Bonanni" (https://thelabmodels.com/model/?id=1451&divisione=&stringa=Mariangela%20bonanni&k=1&dep=) . The Lab Model . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Oui / Mariangela Bonanni" (https://www.ouimanagement.com/model/mariangela-bonanni) . Oui Management . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Mikas / Mariangela Bonanni" (https://mikas.se/models/mariangela-bonanni-33374/) . Mikas . ^ (#cite_ref-11) http://www.elnorte.com.ve/missvzla.pdf (http://www.elnorte.com.ve/missvzla.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716152147/http://www.elnorte.com.ve/missvzla.pdf) 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Mariángela Bonanni al Miss Venezuela" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110819190915/http://lanacion.com.ve/noticias.php?IdArticulo=117421&XR=2) . La Nación . Archived from the original (http://lanacion.com.ve/noticias.php?IdArticulo=117421&XR=2) on 19 August 2011 . Retrieved 31 May 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Marelisa Gibson fue electa Miss Venezuela 2009" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090926042509/http://www.el-nacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo%2F100719%2FEntretenimiento%2FMarelisa-Gibson-fue-electa-Miss-Venezuela-2009) . El Nacional . Archived from the original (http://www.el-nacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo/100719/Entretenimiento/Marelisa-Gibson-fue-electa-Miss-Venezuela-2009) on 26 September 2009 . Retrieved 24 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Người đẹp Ấn Độ đăng quang Miss Earth 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101207003148/http://vovnews.vn/Home/Nguoi-dep-An-Do-dang-quang-Miss-Earth-2010/201012/162361.vov) [Miss India was crowned Miss Earth 2010] (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original (http://vovnews.vn/Home/Nguoi-dep-An-Do-dang-quang-Miss-Earth-2010/201012/162361.vov) on 7 December 2010 . Retrieved 4 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Mariangela, Bonanni. "¿Rubia, Pelirroja O Trigueña? El Equipo Ruffles Posa Para Nuestro ¡Lunes De Mallitas!" (https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/ya-llego-su-lunes-de-mallitas-al-puro-estilo-de-la-nfl/) . sopitas.com . Retrieved 26 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Bonanni, Mariangela. "Doritos 'Bold on Bold on Bold' (https://vimeo.com/119919051) " (https://vimeo.com/119919051) . Vimeo . Retrieved 4 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bonanni, Mariangela. "Nuevo Baileys Dulce de leche. No se lo digas a nadie" (https://vimeo.com/246239275) . Vimeo . TV Commercials . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bonanni, Mariangela. "Jose Cuervo Rolling Stones" (https://matbisher.com/Jose-Cuervo-Rolling-Stones) . matbisher.com . TV Commercials . Retrieved 14 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bonanni, Mariangela. "Jose Cuervo Rolling Stones 'Flight 72' (https://vimeo.com/139240866) " (https://vimeo.com/139240866) . Viemo . TV Commercials . Retrieved 14 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Miss Táchira llega a su final" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110819190842/http://lanacion.com.ve/noticias.php?IdArticulo=117285&XR=2) . La Nación . Archived from the original (http://lanacion.com.ve/noticias.php?IdArticulo=117285&XR=2) on 19 August 2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2009 . External links [ edit ] Mauriziok/Mariángela Bonanni at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mari%C3%A1ngela_Bonanni) from Commons Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6766125) from Wikidata Official website (https://mariangelabonanni.com) {{ FMD model (/wiki/Template:FMD_model) }} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. Mauriziok/Mariángela Bonanni (https://models.com/models/Mauriziok) on Models.com Mariangela Bonanni (https://twitter.com/mariangelabr) on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) Preceded by Jessica Barboza (/wiki/Jessica_Barboza) Miss Earth Venezuela (/wiki/Miss_Venezuela) 2010 Succeeded by Caroline Medina (/wiki/Caroline_Medina) Preceded by Jennipher Bortolas (/w/index.php?title=Jennipher_Bortolas&action=edit&redlink=1) Miss Táchira (/wiki/Miss_Venezuela) 2009 (/wiki/Miss_Venezuela) Succeeded by Germania Pimiento (/wiki/Germania_Pimiento) v t e Miss Earth 2010 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2010) national titleholders Yovana O'Brien (/wiki/Yovana_O%27Brien) Anastasiya Sienina (/wiki/Anastasiya_Sienina) Norayla Francisco (/wiki/Norayla_Francisco) Jennifer Pazmiño (/wiki/Jennifer_Pazmi%C3%B1o) Sandra Marie Lees (/wiki/Sandra_Marie_Lees) Soyini Fraser (/wiki/Soyini_Fraser) Nicole Faria (/wiki/Nicole_Faria) Sahana Bajracharya (/wiki/Sahana_Bajracharya) Nicole Morrell (/wiki/Nicole_Morrell) Silvana Vásquez (/wiki/Silvana_V%C3%A1squez) Psyche Resus (/wiki/Psyche_Resus) Yeidy Bosques (/wiki/Yeidy_Bosques) Tijana Rakić (/wiki/Tijana_Raki%C4%87) Danielle Bounds (/wiki/Danielle_Bounds) Mariángela Bonanni (/wiki/Mari%C3%A1ngela_Bonanni) Lưu Thị Diễm Hương (/wiki/L%C6%B0u_Th%E1%BB%8B_Di%E1%BB%85m_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) Miss Earth delegates of 01 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2001_delegates) 02 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2002_delegates) 03 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2003_delegates) 04 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2004_delegates) 05 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2005_delegates) 06 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2006_delegates) 07 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2007_delegates) 08 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2008_delegates) 09 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2009_delegates) 10 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2010_delegates) 11 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2011_delegates) 12 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2012_delegates) 13 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2013_delegates) 14 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2014_delegates) 15 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2015_delegates) 16 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2016_delegates) 17 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2017_delegates) 18 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2018_delegates) 19 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2019_delegates) 20 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2020_delegates) 21 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2021_delegates) 22 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2022_delegates) 23 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2023_delegates) 24 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2024_delegates) Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from San Cristóbal, Táchira]] [[Category:Venezuelan female models]] [[Category:Venezuelan beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:Miss Earth 2010 contestants]] [[Category:Venezuelan emigrants to Spain]] [[Category:Venezuelan people of Italian descent]] [[Category:Italian female models]] NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐844cd986b8‐594f4 Cached time: 20240722143715 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.960 seconds Real time usage: 1.212 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6024/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77098/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10677/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88278/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.552/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9535696/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1093.715 1 -total 26.23% 286.874 1 Template:Infobox_model 23.48% 256.851 1 Template:Reflist 19.95% 218.183 1 Template:Miss_Earth_2010_delegates 19.55% 213.825 19 Template:Cite_web 18.20% 199.101 1 Template:Navbox 10.35% 113.197 16 Template:Flagicon 6.04% 66.010 1 Template:Infobox 5.94% 64.948 3 Template:Fact 5.73% 62.719 2 Template:Flatlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74422183-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722143715 and revision id 1166650891. 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Australian fashion model Alexandra Agoston Born Alexandra Agoston-O'Connor [2] (#cite_note-2) ( 1987-06-24 ) 24 June 1987 (age 37) Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Nationality Australian (/wiki/Australians) Occupation Fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) Modeling information Height 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) [1] (#cite_note-1) Alexandra Agoston-O'Connor , known professionally as Alexandra Agoston , [3] (#cite_note-3) is an Australian fashion model. Career [ edit ] Agoston is of Hungarian, Irish, English, and Austrian descent. She was discovered in Paris while on holiday with her family. [4] (#cite_note-4) Her first modelling jobs were for Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) , Monique Lhuillier (/wiki/Monique_Lhuillier) , Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) , Armani Privé (/wiki/Armani_Priv%C3%A9) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) and Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She's also walked for Naeem Khan (/wiki/Naeem_Khan) , Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) , John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Off-White (/wiki/Off-White) , Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) , and David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_Limited) . She is considered to be Gaultier's muse. [7] (#cite_note-7) Agoston has been the face of Kookai (/wiki/Kookai) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Agoston is in a relationship with photographer Chris Colls. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Alexandra Agoston - Model" (https://models.com/models/alexandra-agoston) . models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Alexandra Agoston-O'Connor" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/alexandra_agoston-o%27connor/) . Fashion Model Directory . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "This Sustainably Made Oil is the Secret to Alexandra Agoston's Otherworldly Glow" (https://www.vogue.com/article/alexandra-agoston-the-one) . Vogue . 8 January 2021 . Retrieved 15 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "A model life" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/a-model-life-20120213-1t0lo.html) . Sydney Morning Herald . 12 February 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Alexandra Agoston, model" (https://intothegloss.com/2015/03/alexandra-agoston/) . Into the Gloss . 24 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Alexandra Agoston" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/aagoston/alexandraagoston/) . New York Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Experience the Couture Shows in Paris Through the Eyes of a Model" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/news/g26533/what-its-really-like-to-walk-during-paris-couture-week/) . Elle . 12 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Frank, Julia (4 March 2015). "Lily Donaldson and Alexandra Agoston: the two new faces of Kookai" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/lily-donaldson-and-alexandra-agoston-the-two-new-faces-of-kookai/news-story/41ccb0315178d547d8f37fee093936b1) . Vogue.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Meet Alexandra Agoston, a model stepping into acting one line at a time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221101121422/https://vmagazine.com/article/alex-agoston/) . V magazine . Archived from the original (https://vmagazine.com/article/alex-agoston/) on 1 November 2022 . Retrieved 10 December 2018 . This article about a model in Australia is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Indian federal government rules The Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1945 Territorial extent India (/wiki/India) Passed 1940 Amended by 1955, 1964, 1972, 1982, 1986, 1995 Summary An act to regulate import, manufacture, distribution and sale of Drugs and Cosmetics. Status: In force The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 are the rules which the government of India established for the implementation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act,_1940) . These rules classify drugs under given schedules and present guidelines for the storage, sale, display and prescription of each schedule. [1] (#cite_note-Srivastava-1) [2] (#cite_note-Pillay2012-2) Schedules [ edit ] The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 has provisions for classification of drugs under given schedules and there are guidelines for the storage, sale, display and prescription of each schedule. [1] (#cite_note-Srivastava-1) The Rule 67 details the conditions of licenses. The Rule 97 contains the labeling regulations. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) The notable Schedules include: Schedule G : These drugs include hormonal (/wiki/Hormonal) medications (excluding sex hormone medications (/wiki/Sex_hormone_medication) ), antineoplastic drugs (/wiki/Antineoplastic_drug) , anticonvulsants (/wiki/Anticonvulsant) (e.g. 2,4-oxazolidinediones (/wiki/2,4-oxazolidinedione) , ureides (/wiki/Ureide) ), hypoglycemic drugs (/wiki/Hypoglycemic_drug) (e.g. sulfonylureas (/wiki/Sulfonylurea) , biguanides (/wiki/Biguanide) ), antihistamines (/wiki/Antihistamine) , etc. [4] (#cite_note-Guharaj2003-4) The drug label must display the text "Caution: It is dangerous to take this preparation except under medical supervision" prominently. Examples of substances under this schedule: All insulin (/wiki/Insulin) preparations, testolactone (/wiki/Testolactone) , hydroxyurea (/wiki/Hydroxyurea) , daunorubicin (/wiki/Daunorubicin) , metformin (/wiki/Metformin) , diphenhydramine (/wiki/Diphenhydramine) , carbutamide (/wiki/Carbutamide) , primidone (/wiki/Primidone) etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule H (/wiki/Schedule_H) : Each drug's label must prominently display the symbol "Rx" and a red-boxed warning "Schedule H drug. Warning : "Not to be sold by Retail without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner" . It can only be supplied to licensed parties. It cannot be sold without a prescription and only the amount specified in the prescription should be sold. The time and date of prescription must be noted. Examples: androgenic (/wiki/Androgenic) , anabolic (/wiki/Anabolic) , oestrogenic (/wiki/Oestrogen) and progestational (/wiki/Progesterone) substances; Alprazolam (/wiki/Alprazolam) (Xanax), Hepatitis B vaccine (/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine) , Ibuprofen (/wiki/Ibuprofen) , Vasopressin (/wiki/Vasopressin) etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) If a Schedule H drug also comes under the purview of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, the drug's label must prominently display the symbol "NRx" and a red-boxed warning "Schedule H drug. Warning : "Not to be sold by Retail without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner" . Schedule J (/wiki/Schedule_J) : Contains a list of various diseases and medical conditions that cannot be treated under any drug currently in market. No drug may legally claim to treat these diseases. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule X (/wiki/Schedule_X) : Schedule X lists addictive drugs (e.g. narcotics (/wiki/Narcotic) , psychotropics (/wiki/Psychotropic) [5] (#cite_note-5) ) having medicinal uses that must be kept under lock and key. All the regulations of Schedule H apply. The retailer must keep a copy of the prescription for two years. Various licenses are required for possession and storage of these drugs, including a special licence from the local drug controller. [6] (#cite_note-6) Examples: morphine (/wiki/Morphine) , secobarbital (/wiki/Secobarbital) , glutethimide (/wiki/Glutethimide) etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Other Schedules and their summary: Schedule A : Contains various forms and formats of letters for applications of licensing etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule B : Contains fees structure for government-run labs. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule C : Contains various biological products [4] (#cite_note-Guharaj2003-4) and their regulation. Examples: serums (/wiki/Serum_(blood)) , adrenaline (/wiki/Adrenaline) , vitamins (/wiki/Vitamin) etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule D : List of drugs exempted from the provision of import of drugs Schedule E : Contains various poisons [4] (#cite_note-Guharaj2003-4) and their regulation. Examples: Sarpa Visha ( Snake venom (/wiki/Snake_venom) ), Parada ( Mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) ) etc. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule F : This contains regulations and standards for running a blood bank (/wiki/Blood_bank) . [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule F-I : This contains regulations and standards for vaccines (/wiki/Vaccine) . [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule F-II : This contains regulations and standards for surgical dressing (/wiki/Dressing_(medical)) . [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule F-III : This contains regulations and standards for umbilical tapes. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule F-F : This contains regulations and standards for ophthalmic (/wiki/Ophthalmia) ointments and solutions. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule K : Drugs not meant for medicinal use, quinine (/wiki/Quinine) and other antimalarial drugs (/wiki/Antimalarial_drugs) , drugs supplied by government hospitals, registered medical practitioners, contraceptive drugs, and their corresponding regulation. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule M : Contains various regulations for manufacturing, premises, waste disposal and equipment. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule N : Contains various regulations and requirements for a pharmacy. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule O : Contains various regulations and requirements for disinfectant (/wiki/Disinfectant) fluids. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule P : Contains regulations regarding life period and storage of various drugs. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule P-I : Contains regulations regarding retail package size of various drugs. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule Q : Contains a list of permitted dyes and pigments in soap and cosmetics. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule R : Contains various regulations and requirements for condoms (/wiki/Condom) and other mechanical contraceptives. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule S : Lists various cosmetics and toiletries (/wiki/Toiletries) , and directs the manufacturers of cosmetics to conform to the latest Bureau of Indian Standards (/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Standards) requirements. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule T : Contains various regulations and requirements for manufacture of Ayurvedic (/wiki/Ayurvedic) , Siddha (/wiki/Siddha_medicine) and Unani (/wiki/Unani) drugs. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule U : Contains various regulations and requirements for record keeping. [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule V : Contains standards for drug patents (/wiki/Drug_patent) [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule W : Lists generic drugs (/wiki/Generic_drug) . Schedule Y : Contains requirement and guidelines for clinical trials (/wiki/Clinical_trial) . [3] (#cite_note-D&C_Act-3) Schedule Z : Lists approved drugs for veterinary use (/wiki/Veterinary_drug) . [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Drug policy of India (/wiki/Drug_policy_of_India) Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act,_1940) Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Magic_Remedies_(Objectionable_Advertisements)_Act,_1954) References [ edit ] ^ a b Dr. Lily Srivastava (2010). Law & Medicine . Universal Law Publishing. pp. 216–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7534-949-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pillay2012_2-0) Pillay (30 November 2012). Modern Medical Toxicology . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 30. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-5025-965-8 . Retrieved 22 February 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051031023525/http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Copy%20of%201.%20D%26CAct121.pdf) (PDF) . Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (/wiki/Central_Drugs_Standard_Control_Organization) . Archived from the original (http://cdsco.nic.in/html/copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf) (PDF) on 31 October 2005 . Retrieved 19 February 2015 . ^ a b c P.V. Guharaj (/wiki/P.V._Guharaj) (2003). Forensic Medicine . Orient Blackswan. p. 327. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-250-2488-0 . Retrieved 20 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Schedule H, Schedule X and Schedule H1 Drugs - GKToday" (https://www.gktoday.in/schedule-h-schedule-x-and-schedule-h1-drugs/#:~:text=Here%20the%20drug%20retailer%20has,and%20psychotropic%20substances-based%20drugs.) . www.gktoday.in . Retrieved 20 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Dey, Sushmi (24 September 2012). "Plan to ease morphine procurement for use in pain relief" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/plan-to-ease-morphine-procurement-for-use-in-pain-relief-112092402012_1.html) . Business Standard (/wiki/Business_Standard) . Retrieved 20 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Modifications in Drugs and Cosmetics Act (1940) and Rules | Centre for Science and Environment" (https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/CSE_recommendations_modifications.pdf) (PDF) . cseindia.org . Retrieved 20 December 2023 . Further reading [ edit ] "Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051031023525/http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Copy%20of%201.%20D%26CAct121.pdf) (PDF) . Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (/wiki/Central_Drugs_Standard_Control_Organization) . Archived from the original (http://cdsco.nic.in/html/copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf) (PDF) on 31 October 2005. 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Estonian model and social media personality Britney Manson Born ( 1995-07-02 ) July 2, 1995 (age 29) [1] (#cite_note-1) Krasnodar (/wiki/Krasnodar) , Russia Nationality Estonian Occupation Social media personality Years active 2007–present Britney Manson is a Russian-Estonian [2] (#cite_note-metal-2) model, singer, and social media personality. She started her TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) account in 2017 and became known for her modeling videos in 2019, when she also got signed to Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) for modeling. Career [ edit ] Manson began modeling at age 12, when she snuck backstage during a runway show at a shopping mall and asked the team running it if she could work with them; she got a call from them the following week. She later walked in fashion weeks in Russia and China without a mother agency. [2] (#cite_note-metal-2) In 2021, she competed on the modeling competition Ty - Topmodel (/wiki/Ty_-_Topmodel) on TNT (/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)) under the name Nika Kraush. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2022, Manson began releasing music, starting with her singles "Everyone (I'm Stuck)" and "Mode-L", and created a TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) account. [4] (#cite_note-bbfirsttime-4) A video of her crossing the street as a model posted to her account in November 2022 gained over ten million views within several hours. Her subsequent "Walking Until I Get Noticed by a Model Agency" series, in which she did runway walks in public places in response to rejections she received from modeling agencies, also became popular on the platform. [2] (#cite_note-metal-2) She also began posting tutorials on how to walk like supermodels, including Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) , and Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , that gained traction on TikTok. [4] (#cite_note-bbfirsttime-4) She later signed with Elite Models NYC (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) and, in February 2023, walked in fashion designers Mario Dice and Alessandro De Benedetti's shows during Milan Fashion Week. [5] (#cite_note-vogue-5) In August 2023, she released the single "Fashion", which became popular on TikTok and debuted at number 41 on the Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (/wiki/Dance/Electronic_Songs) chart the following month. [4] (#cite_note-bbfirsttime-4) Personal life [ edit ] Manson is transgender and began her transition at age 15, which led to bullying from her schoolmates and teachers, one of whom, according to Manson, referred to her as a "faggot" who did not "deserve to live" and encouraged other students in her class to pick on Manson. The bullying led Manson to attempt suicide three times. [2] (#cite_note-metal-2) As of 2023 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britney_Manson&action=edit) , she is based in Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) , Poland. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Taylor, Caitlyn (2024-01-01). "Britney Manson" (https://nyctastemakers.com/britney-manson/) . NYCTastemakers . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ a b c d Das, Upasana. "Britney Mason - Her Universe and Dominating Online Culture" (https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/interview/britney-mason) . Metal . Retrieved 30 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Danilo, Andrei (17 June 2022). " (https://bublik.delfi.ee/statja/120023000/pervyy-transgender-v-russkom-roke-model-s-estonskimi-kornyami-nika-kraush-vypustila-debyutnyy-singl) "Первый трансгендер в русском роке". Модель с эстонскими корнями Ника Крауш выпустила дебютный сингл" (https://bublik.delfi.ee/statja/120023000/pervyy-transgender-v-russkom-roke-model-s-estonskimi-kornyami-nika-kraush-vypustila-debyutnyy-singl) . Bublik . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ a b c Zellner, Xander (13 September 2023). "10 First-Timers on Billboard's Charts This Week: Kenya Grace, Britney Manson, Tim Montana & More" (https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/billboard-charts-first-timers-kenya-grace-britney-manson-1235412393/) . Billboard . Retrieved 30 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue_5-0) Allaire, Christian (1 August 2023). "This TikTok Star Can Recreate Any Supermodel's Walk" (https://www.vogue.com/article/britney-manson-tiktok-star-model-walk) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 30 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cornish, Ricky (31 August 2023). "Britney Manson Talks TikTok Fame & Viral New Song "Fashion" (https://www.pride.com/interviews/britney-manson#toggle-gdpr) " (https://www.pride.com/interviews/britney-manson#toggle-gdpr) . Pride (/wiki/Here_Media) . Retrieved 21 November 2023 . 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Kelli Delaney is an American businesswoman and the president, designer, and creative director for the re-launch of the Members Only clothing line. Before that, Delaney spent 14 years creating and editing fashion, beauty, and celebrity news publications, including Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) and Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Delaney began her career in the media industry working for Conde Nast Publications where she served as a fashion editor at Glamour and Allure , producing and styling photo shoots, including more than 50 covers. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2001, Delaney helped launch Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) with Bonnie Fuller (/wiki/Bonnie_Fuller) , where she worked for two years as the Fashion Director and was an integral part of the design, and evolution of the title. [4] (#cite_note-4) Before launching Celebrity Living, Delaney was the creative director of Star magazine for two years and led their redesign. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the spring of 2005, Delaney edited Celebrity Living magazine with American Media, Inc. (/wiki/American_Media,_Inc.) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Interview with Kelli Delaney, Designer of Members Only Premium Denim" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100122021707/http://www.theinsider.com/news/1395887_Interview_with_Kelli_Delaney_Designer_of_Members_Only_Premium_Denim) . 2 December 2008 . CBS Interactive Inc. Archived from the original (http://www.theinsider.com/news/1395887_Interview_with_Kelli_Delaney_Designer_of_Members_Only_Premium_Denim) on 22 January 2010 . Retrieved 13 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Charlie's Angels Fashion Makeovers" (https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/MakeMon/story?id=125040&page=1) . 23 June . ABC News . Retrieved 13 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) La Ferla, Ruth (29 April 2001). "OFF OFF FIFTH; Advice to the Demure: Let 'Er Rip" (https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/29/style/off-off-fifth-advice-to-the-demure-let-er-rip.html) . 29 April 2001 . The New York Times . Retrieved 13 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Former Us Weekly and Glamour magazine honcho KELLI DELANEY" (http://www.etonline.com/news/2008/04/60447/index.html) . CBS Studios Inc . Retrieved 2 December 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mckeough, Tim. "A Club is Reborn" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101005001947/http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/123/a-club-is-reborn.html) . 24 March 2008 . Mansueto Ventures LLC. Archived from the original (http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/123/a-club-is-reborn.html) on 5 October 2010 . Retrieved 13 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Soriano, Csar G. (2005-08-03). "(Editor of (https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-08-02-ok-celeb-mags_x.htm) Celebrity Living )" (https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-08-02-ok-celeb-mags_x.htm) . Usatoday.com . Retrieved 2010-11-01 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐hmkdr Cached time: 20240623172049 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.146 seconds Real time usage: 0.249 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 307/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9744/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 77/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22549/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.094/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3279478/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 232.366 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 232.366 1 -total 51.03% 118.578 4 Template:Cite_web 5.14% 11.950 2 Template:Cite_news 1.00% 2.332 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24689320-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623172049 and revision id 1010555152. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelli_Delaney&oldid=1010555152 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelli_Delaney&oldid=1010555152) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden category: Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Submission declined on 26 February 2024 by Utopes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Utopes) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Utopes) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Boyy%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Boyy%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Boyy%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Boyy%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Boyy%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Boyy%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Boyy%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Boyy%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Boyy) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Boyy&defaults=y) Declined by Utopes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Utopes) 4 months ago. Last edited by Utopes (/wiki/User:Utopes) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Livingcoral456&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 7 February 2024 by Theroadislong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Theroadislong) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Theroadislong) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. 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In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Vanderwaalforces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Vanderwaalforces) 8 months ago. Comment: Is still written like an advertisement, but now with more of the advertising. Utopes (/wiki/User:Utopes) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Utopes) / cont (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Utopes) ) 02:08, 26 February 2024 (UTC) Fashion brand BOYY Boyy Company type Retail Founded 2006 Founder Jesse Dorsey and Wannasiri Kongman Headquarters Bangkok , Thailand Products Handbags, Small Leather Goods, Apparel, Accessories Website https://www.boyy.com/ (https://www.boyy.com/) Boyy , stylized as BOYY , is a luxury fashion brand specializing in handbags and accessories, established in 2006 by Jesse Dorsey and Wannasiri Kongman. The brand is known for its minimalist design and oversized buckle features [1] (#cite_note-1) . BOYY has headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand, and a flagship store in Milan, Italy. History [ edit ] Established in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Boyy is the brainchild of Jesse Dorsey and Wannasiri Kongman. [2] (#cite_note-2) Without formal backgrounds in fashion, business, or design, the founders approached the creation of Boyy driven by creativity and ambition. Wannasiri Kongman, who moved to the United States (/wiki/United_States) in 1999 with a degree in Journalism, and Jesse Dorsey, a former musician, DJ, and producer from Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , met in 2004. Their shared vision for the brand led to its establishment and subsequent relocation to Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) , incorporating influences from each city into the brand’s identity. [3] (#cite_note-3) Design Philosophy [ edit ] The brand's early recognition was partly due to its innovative design approach, notably with the introduction of the Wonton 20 Balloon handbag (https://www.instagram.com/p/CeqnRNvjnz_/) , inspired by puffer jacket aesthetics. This design philosophy, focusing on minimalism and functionality, played a crucial role in BOYY's positioning within the luxury fashion market. The visibility of Boyy products was further enhanced by their adoption by public figures such as Chloë Sevign (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Boyy Wonton 20 Balloon Bag In response to the expansion of their brand, Kongman and Dorsey introduced the Index series, described as a platform for creativity and experimentation without predefined rules. [5] (#cite_note-5) This collection illustrates Boyy's commitment to innovative design paired with craftsmanship, striving for a synthesis of originality and timeless appeal. Product Range [ edit ] Boyy offers a wide range of products, including handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , wallets (/wiki/Wallet) , and small leather goods, known for their seasonal refreshes [6] (#cite_note-6) that introduce both classic and novel designs in line with the brand’s minimalist aesthetic. Global Presence [ edit ] Boyy has achieved international recognition, featured at fashion events such as New York Fashion Week [7] (#cite_note-7) and in various fashion publications. Notable individuals, including Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) [8] (#cite_note-8) and Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) [9] (#cite_note-9) , have been seen with BOYY products, contributing to the brand's global appeal. Jennifer Lopez with Boyy bag Sarah Jessica Parker with Boyy Bobby Large Buckled Leather Tote Flagship Store [ edit ] In April 2023, Boyy expanded its physical presence with the opening of a flagship store in Milan, a collaborative effort with Danish artist FOS (Thomas Poulsen). [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Boyy Via Bagutta Store References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nast, Condé (2021-11-24). "These 20 Contemporary Brands Are Defining the New Era of It Bags" (https://www.vogue.com/article/emerging-handbag-brands) . Vogue . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lee, Justine. "5 Minutes With... Jesse Dorsey Of Boyy, The Coveted Handbag Label From Bangkok" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/sg-5-minutes-with-jesse-dorsey-from-boyy) . Tatler Asia . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "BOYY Oh BOYY! Meet the Couple Behind the Rebellious Accessories Label" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/boyy-oh-boyy-meet-the-couple-behind-the-rebellious-accessories-label/) . Highsnobiety . 2023-10-17 . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "BOYY Oh BOYY! Meet the Couple Behind the Rebellious Accessories Label" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/boyy-oh-boyy-meet-the-couple-behind-the-rebellious-accessories-label/) . Highsnobiety . 2023-10-17 . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "BOYY's New Index Collection Explores the Luxury in the Everyday" (https://hypebae.com/2023/9/boyy-index-02-collection-images-collection-where-to-buy) . Hypebae . 2023-09-26 . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Chan, Adele (2021-03-31). "Is BOYY the "Anti-It Bag" that you've been looking for?" (https://www.nylon.com.sg/2021/03/is-boyy-the-anti-it-bag-that-youve-been-looking-for/) . NYLON SINGAPORE . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Feb 15, Abby HepworthPublished; 2019•8:04pm (2019-02-15). "This Was by Far the Most Popular Handbag at NYFW" (https://www.purewow.com/news/boyy-handbags-at-nyfw) . PureWow . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Jennifer Lopez's New Bag Is Not Her Usual Go-To, But Her Fans Will Love It" (https://www.thezoereport.com/culture/jennifer-lopez-black-bag-boyy) . The Zoe Report . 2024-02-20 . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Katie (2018-02-22). "Sarah Jessica Parker Live With Kelly and Ryan February 22, 2018" (http://www.starstyle.com/sarah-jessica-parker-live-with-kelly-and-ryan-sp324366/) . Star Style . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Maria Cristina Didero (2023-04-20). "BOYY unites with Danish artist FOS for an unconventional take on retail in Milan" (https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/boyy-fos-milan-store) . wallpaper.com . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) designboom, lea zeitoun I. (2023-04-25). "rough textures + terrazzo tiles adorn BOYY's FOS-designed flagship store in milan" (https://www.designboom.com/design/boyy-fos-flagship-store-milan-04-25-2023/) . designboom | architecture & design magazine . Retrieved 2024-02-21 . 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Perfume by Christian Dior Convallaria majalis (/wiki/Convallaria_majalis) is the main note in Diorissimo Diorissimo is a floral perfume (/wiki/Perfume) released by fashion brand Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) and created by French (/wiki/French_people) master perfumier (/wiki/Perfumier) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Originally introduced in 1956, Diorissimo is an attempt to simulate lily of the valley (/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley) . The flower was designer Dior's favorite, decorating his stationery, his garden, [2] (#cite_note-2) and often his lapel, as well as serving as the inspiration for his 1954 spring collection, [3] (#cite_note-3) but the flower's scent is difficult to recreate in perfume since no essential oils (/wiki/Essential_oil) can be obtained from the actual flowers. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Consequently Diorissimo's lily scent largely used lab-created molecules to evoke the flower [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) and is often considered the most successful effort in the history of perfumery. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Diorissimo also has notes of ylang-ylang (/wiki/Ylang-ylang) , amaryllis (/wiki/Amaryllis) , boronia (/wiki/Boronia) and jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The scent was reportedly a favorite of Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Over time, Diorissimo has been reformulated to comply with the regulations of International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) (IFRA), [8] (#cite_note-8) in particular to remove two key components identified as potential allergens. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Nevertheless, in the 21st century, Diorissimo has continued to be named to lists of the greatest fragrances of all time. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Diorissimo (http://www.basenotes.net/ID10210705.html) basenotes.net accessed 2/5/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Gardner, Chris (May 11, 2016). "Inside Dior Parfums' Intimate Gala at Christian Dior's French Chateau" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/inside-dior-parfums-intimate-gala-892319) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Wagoner, Mackenzie. "An Insider's Guide to the Best Lily of the Valley Perfumes of All Time" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/best-lily-of-the-valley-perfumes) . Vogue . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ Jump up to: a b Armstrong, Lisa (23 July 2014). "From fusty to fresh: Rose perfume's reinvention" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG10983613/From-fusty-to-fresh-Rose-perfumes-reinvention.html) . Telegraph . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kummer, Corby (February 23, 2010). "A Rose by Another Name" (https://www.technologyreview.com/s/417604/a-rose-by-another-name/) . MIT Technology Review . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Diorissimo (http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/main/ProductDetail.jsp?PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524444054429) Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Scent of a royal: which perfumes they actually wear" (https://www.vogue.com.au/beauty/trends/scent-of-a-royal-which-perfumes-they-actually-wear/image-gallery/bcbcceffb5255864dbdef506e8aa9ca0?pos=3) . Vogue Australia . 18 August 2014 . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Diorissimo review (http://boisdejasmin.com/2007/01/christian-dior-diorissimo-perfume-review.html) boisdejasmin.com accessed 2/5/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Larkworthy, Jane (March 21, 2016). "The 10 Best Fragrances of All Time" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/national-fragrance-day-best-perfumes-scents-all-time/all) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Gonsalves, Rebecca (2016-02-09). "The 5 best floral beauty products" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/the-5-best-floral-beauty-products-from-dior-and-penhaligons-to-jo-malone-a6864246.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Geary, Cecilie (2012-06-26). "Top 15 classic scents with timeless appeal" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/) . NZ Herald . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1170-0777 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1170-0777) . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . hide v t e Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) pour femme Miss Dior (/wiki/Miss_Dior) (1947) Diorissimo (1956) Diorling (/wiki/Diorling) (1963) Diorella (/wiki/Diorella) (1972) Dior Dior (/w/index.php?title=Dior_Dior&action=edit&redlink=1) (1976) Poison (/wiki/Poison_(perfume)) (1985) Dune (/wiki/Dune_(perfume)) (1991) J'Adore (/wiki/J%27Adore_(fragrance)) (1999) Miss Dior Chérie (/wiki/Miss_Dior_Ch%C3%A9rie) (2005) pour homme Eau Sauvage (/wiki/Eau_Sauvage) (1966) Fahrenheit (/wiki/Fahrenheit_(perfume)) (1988) Dune pour Homme (/wiki/Dune_pour_Homme) (1997) This France (/wiki/France) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b7d4d997‐zk5wm Cached time: 20240628161059 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23118548-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628161059 and revision id 743410326. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. A Adidas brands (/wiki/Category:Adidas_brands) ‎ (4 P) Asics (/wiki/Category:Asics) ‎ (8 P) N New Balance (/wiki/Category:New_Balance) ‎ (1 C, 10 P) Nike brands (/wiki/Category:Nike_brands) ‎ (26 P) R Reebok brands (/wiki/Category:Reebok_brands) ‎ (6 P) Pages in category "Athletic shoe brands" The following 76 pages are in this category, out of 76 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A ABC-Mart (/wiki/ABC-Mart) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Altra Running (/wiki/Altra_Running) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) Anta Sports (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Athleta (company) (/wiki/Athleta_(company)) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) B List of basketball shoe brands (/wiki/List_of_basketball_shoe_brands) Botas (company) (/wiki/Botas_(company)) British Knights (/wiki/British_Knights) Brooks Sports (/wiki/Brooks_Sports) C Capelli Sport (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Cariuma (/wiki/Cariuma) Charly (brand) (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Converse (brand) (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) D Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) E EbLens (/wiki/EbLens) Erke (brand) (/wiki/Erke_(brand)) Ewing Athletics (/wiki/Ewing_Athletics) F Fila (/wiki/Fila) Finta (/wiki/Finta) Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) H Heelys (/wiki/Heelys) Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) J J.W. Foster and Sons (/wiki/J.W._Foster_and_Sons) K K-Swiss (/wiki/K-Swiss) Kappa (brand) (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) L LA Gear (/wiki/LA_Gear) La Sportiva (/wiki/La_Sportiva) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lotto Sport Italia (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) M Macbeth Footwear (/wiki/Macbeth_Footwear) Merrell (company) (/wiki/Merrell_(company)) Mitre Sports International (/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno) Munich (sport shoes) (/wiki/Munich_(sport_shoes)) N New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Nivia Sports (/wiki/Nivia_Sports) O Olympikus (/wiki/Olympikus) On (company) (/wiki/On_(company)) Ortuseight (/wiki/Ortuseight) P Panam (brand) (/wiki/Panam_(brand)) Partners & Spade (/wiki/Partners_%26_Spade) Pataugas (/wiki/Pataugas) Penalty (sports manufacturer) (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) Poker (sports manufacturer) (/wiki/Poker_(sports_manufacturer)) Pony (brand) (/wiki/Pony_(brand)) Puma (brand) (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) R Rainha (/wiki/Rainha) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Template:Running shoe brands (/wiki/Template:Running_shoe_brands) Rykä (/wiki/Ryk%C3%A4) S Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) SBENU (/wiki/SBENU) Six5Six (/wiki/Six5Six) Skechers (/wiki/Skechers) Soap (shoes) (/wiki/Soap_(shoes)) Spira (footwear company) (/wiki/Spira_(footwear_company)) Sports Performance eXtreme (/wiki/Sports_Performance_eXtreme) Starbury (/wiki/Starbury) T Tisza Cipő (/wiki/Tisza_Cip%C5%91) Topper (brand) (/wiki/Topper_(brand)) Troop Sport (/wiki/Troop_Sport) U Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) V Vans (/wiki/Vans) Vivobarefoot (/wiki/Vivobarefoot) Volley (shoe) (/wiki/Volley_(shoe)) W Template:Wilson Sporting Goods (/wiki/Template:Wilson_Sporting_Goods) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) X Xero Shoes (/wiki/Xero_Shoes) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Athletic_shoe_brands&oldid=743410326 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Athletic_shoe_brands&oldid=743410326) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Athletic shoes (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoes) Sportswear brands (/wiki/Category:Sportswear_brands) Shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Shoe_brands)
Iranian women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Iran portal (/wiki/Portal:Iran) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Iranian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iranian_fashion_designers) . It includes Iranian fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐bt2c6 Cached time: 20240720204857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.227 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3962/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 304/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.048/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 937581/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 208.041 1 -total 57.20% 119.003 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 55.83% 116.143 2 Template:Category_other 54.78% 113.958 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 24.28% 50.505 1 Template:Portal 18.42% 38.329 1 Template:Non-diffusing 15.14% 31.493 1 Template:Cmbox 1.78% 3.698 1 Template:Single_namespace 0.87% 1.818 1 Template:Template_other 0.82% 1.700 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72300642-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204857 and revision id 1177798314. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Iranian women fashion designers" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Farnaz Abdoli (/wiki/Farnaz_Abdoli) Pegah Anvarian (/wiki/Pegah_Anvarian) B Cleopatra Broumand (/wiki/Cleopatra_Broumand) E Melody Ehsani (/wiki/Melody_Ehsani) F Paria Farzaneh (/wiki/Paria_Farzaneh) Mimi Fayazi (/wiki/Mimi_Fayazi) G Shirin Guild (/wiki/Shirin_Guild) H Rahil Hesan (/wiki/Rahil_Hesan) M Arefeh Mansouri (/wiki/Arefeh_Mansouri) P Leyla Piedayesh (/wiki/Leyla_Piedayesh) R Tala Raassi (/wiki/Tala_Raassi) S Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Y Maral Yazarloo (/wiki/Maral_Yazarloo) Z Mahla Zamani (/wiki/Mahla_Zamani) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798314 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798314) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Iranian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iranian_fashion_designers) Iranian women artists (/wiki/Category:Iranian_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Mexican chain of department stores Liverpool The original Liverpool store located at Carranza and 20 de Noviembre streets in the historic center (/wiki/Centro_(Mexico_City)) of Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) . Formerly El Puerto de Liverpool (now the name of the parent company) Industry Department stores (/wiki/Department_store) Founded 1847 ; 177 years ago ( 1847 ) Founder Jean Baptiste Ebrard Headquarters Santa Fe, Mexico City (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Mexico_City) , Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) Number of locations 124 [1] (#cite_note-annual-report-2022-1) (2022) Area served Mexico Key people Jorge Salgado (Group CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) Products Clothing and accessories, shoes, perfume, cosmetics, jewelry, home furnishings, tabletop, housewares, appliances, notions (/wiki/Notions_(sewing)) and fabrics, books and magazines, candy, sporting goods, specialty foods Services restaurants, food halls (/wiki/Food_halls) , interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , gift registry (/wiki/Gift_registry) , personal shopper (/wiki/Personal_shopper) , click and collect (/wiki/Omnichannel_retail_strategy) , drawings and contests, revolving credit for retail customers, insurance, travel agencies Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Commercial division of El Puerto de Liverpool (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool) group Website liverpool (http://liverpool.com.mx/) .com (http://liverpool.com.mx/) .mx (http://liverpool.com.mx/) Liverpool is a Mexican chain of department stores (/wiki/Department_stores) that is part of the El Puerto de Liverpool (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool) group (officially S.A.B. de Liverpool, S.A.B. de C.V. ), a Mexican company that consists of commercial, financial, and real estate operations. The group has three divisions: The commercial area operates two chains of department stores: Liverpool itself, and Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) , as well as freestanding retail stores of multiple fashion brands, and the Arco Norte logistics center, under construction. The financial group offers insurance as well as credit to customers of the two department store chains. The real estate group operates shopping malls, all but one ( Perisur (/wiki/Perisur) ) branded Galerías (/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas) . [1] (#cite_note-annual-report-2022-1) El Puerto de Liverpool is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (/wiki/Mexican_Stock_Exchange) (BMV) under the ticker symbol LIVEPOL. The company also holds a 50% stake in Unicomer, a company that has retail chains in 26 Latin American countries. [1] (#cite_note-annual-report-2022-1) The Group's headquarters are in Santa Fe (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Mexico_City) , a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) . El Puerto de Liverpool group also owned another department store chain Fábricas de Francia (/wiki/F%C3%A1bricas_de_Francia) , and in 2018 and -9 eliminated the brand, converting 14 stores to Suburbia format, 23 to Liverpool format, and permanently closing 4. History [ edit ] Advertisement in an 1867 almanac (/wiki/Almanac) Liverpool, first called The Cloth Case , was founded in 1847 by Jean-Baptiste Ebrard, [2] (#cite_note-2) a Frenchman (/wiki/France) who first started selling clothes in cases in Downtown Mexico City (/wiki/Historic_Center_of_Mexico_City) . In 1872, he started importing merchandise from Europe (/wiki/Europe) [ citation needed ] . Much of the merchandise was shipped via Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , England (/wiki/England) , prompting Ebrard to adopt the name Liverpool for his store, in 1862 he opened its second store and since then it has continued growing [ citation needed ] . Growth of the Liverpool chain [ edit ] See also: El Puerto de Liverpool § History (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool#History) for history of the group In 1936, the new Liverpool Center building was inaugurated on Avenida 20 de Noviembre, designed by architect Enrique de la Mora (/wiki/Enrique_de_la_Mora) and the first escalators (/wiki/Escalator) were installed there. ] From Mexico City. 1962, opened its first branch of Liverpool, Liverpool Insurgentes, in then-suburban Colonia Del Valle (/wiki/Colonia_Del_Valle) , 9 km southwest of its downtown Mexico City store. 1970: Liverpool opened the Liverpool Polanco was inaugurated, internationally recognized for its beauty and functionality 1972: opened Liverpool Satélite, the first Liverpool in a mall, Plaza Satélite (/wiki/Plaza_Sat%C3%A9lite) In 1993, Liverpool Santa Fe was inaugurated with the first ellipse-shaped escalators in Mexico City, in the Centro Santa Fe (/wiki/Centro_Santa_Fe) mall 1996: opened Liverpool León 2008: together with VISA (/wiki/VISA) , launched the Liverpool Premium Card credit card (/wiki/Credit_card) [3] (#cite_note-3) 2018-2020: rebrands 24 of the 41 Fábricas de Francia department stores as Liverpool . 14 other became Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) branches and 3 were permanently closed. Gallery: Liverpool Polanco - interior [ edit ] All photos were taken at Liverpool Polanco: Cosmetics Hall Carousel in the toy dept. Housewares Home organization Home fabrics Instruments Pet dept. Home fitness Automotive Gardening Houseplants Wax fruit and artificial flowers Optical Barber shop Watch repair Candy Candy Candy Candy Candy Food hall Food hall Food hall Food hall Escobedo & Horacio St. Parking structure and store Events [ edit ] Liverpool Parque Delta at night illuminated in the chain's signature pink Fashion Fest [ edit ] Fashion Fest of Liverpool is an annual festival that covers new fashion trends for the new seasons, it has reunited some of the most important supermodels like: Valeria Mazza (/wiki/Valeria_Mazza) , Esther Cañadas (/wiki/Esther_Ca%C3%B1adas) , Eva Herzigova (/wiki/Eva_Herzigova) , Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) , Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) , Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) , Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) , Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) , Olivia Wilde (/wiki/Olivia_Wilde) , Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) , and most recently Irina Shayk Liverpool Stores [ edit ] Chetumal (/wiki/Chetumal) Galerías Guadalajara (/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Guadalajara) Parque Delta (/wiki/Parque_Delta) , Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) Parque Delta Toreo Parque Central (/wiki/Toreo_Parque_Central) , Greater Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) Antea (/wiki/Antea_LifeStyle_Center) , Querétaro (/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)) Galerías Tabasco, Villahermosa (/wiki/Villahermosa) Galerías Tlaxcala (/wiki/Tlaxcala_(city)) Table of Liverpool stores (2023) Opened Closed Metro area or city Municipality/ Neighborhood State Mall Store Name (2023) if diff. Sq m (2022) Other Name (2016) 1999 Acapulco (/wiki/Acapulco) Gro. Galerías Acapulco Acapulco Galerías 10,852 Fábricas de Francia (/wiki/F%C3%A1bricas_de_Francia) Acapulco 2008 Acapulco Gro. La Isla Shopping Village Acapulco La Isla 9,218 Acapulco 2007 Aguascalientes (/wiki/Aguascalientes) Ags. Villasunción Ags. Villasunción 15,113 Aguascalientes 1986 Aguascalientes Ags. Altaria Ags. Altaria 6,094 Fábricas de Francia Aguascalientes 9|25 Atlixco (/wiki/Atlixco) Pue. Moraleda Atlixco 6247 2012 Campeche (/wiki/Campeche) Camp. Galerías Campeche 13,605 1998 Cancún (/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn) Q.R. Plaza las Américas Cancún 10,119 Cancun Américas 2008 Celaya (/wiki/Celaya) Gto. Galerías Celaya 14,749 2004 Chetumal (/wiki/Chetumal) Q.R. Plaza Las Américas Chetumal Chetumal 11,139 2000 Chihuahua (/wiki/Chihuahua_City) Chih. Chihuahua Fashion Mall 8,636 Fábricas de Francia Chihuahua 2001 Chihuahua Chih. Chihuahua Presidentes 15,104 Chihuahua 2007 Chilpancingo (/wiki/Chilpancingo) Gro. Galerías Chilpancingo 7,520 2013 Ciudad del Carmen (/wiki/Ciudad_del_Carmen) Camp. Centro Comercial Zentralia Cd. del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen 9,355 2009 Ciudad Juárez (/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez) Chih. Plaza Las Misiones Ciudad Juárez Las Misiones 11,937 2002 Ciudad Obregón (/wiki/Ciudad_Obreg%C3%B3n) Son. Plaza Tutuli Ciudad Obregón 6,447 Fábricas de Francia Ciudad Obregón 2010 Ciudad Victoria (/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria) Tamps. Ciudad Victoria 13,355 1997 Coatzacoalcos (/wiki/Coatzacoalcos) Tab. Forum Coatzacoalcos Coatzacoalcos 7,969 Fábricas de Francia Coatzacoalcos 2006 Coatzacoalcos Tab. Plaza Crystal Coatzacoalcos Coatzacoalcos Crystal 13,124 Coatzacoalcos 2006 Colima (/wiki/Colima) Col. Centro Comercial Zentralia Colima Colima 12,340 2017 Comitán (/wiki/Comit%C3%A1n) Chis. Plaza Las Flores Comitan Comitán ? Fábricas de Francia Comitán 1997 Córdoba (/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Veracruz) Ver. Plaza Crystal Córdoba Córdoba Crystal 6,922 Fábricas de Francia Córdoba 2015 Cuautla (/wiki/Cuautla,_Morelos) Mor. Plaza Los Atrios Cuautla 5,283 Fábricas de Francia Cuautla 2005 Cuernavaca (/wiki/Cuernavaca) Mor. Galerías Cuernavaca 21,564 2003 Culiacan (/wiki/Culiacan) Sin. Forum Culiacán Culiacán 13,403 2007 Durango (/wiki/Durango) Dgo. Paseo Durango Durango 13,076 2018 Fresnillo (/wiki/Fresnillo) Zac. Portal Fresnillo Fresnillo ? 2008 Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara_metropolitan_area) Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Andares 27,233 2019 Guadalajara Tlajomulco (/wiki/Tlajomulco_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga) Jal. Galerías Santa Anita 34,000 1999 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Gran Plaza 10,235 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Gran Plaza 1951 Guadalajara Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara) Jal. Guadalajara Centro 8,275 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Centro 2021-09-28 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Distrito La Perla (/wiki/Distrito_La_Perla) La Perla ? 2012 Guadalajara Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara) Jal. Gran Terraza Oblatos Oblatos Guadalajara 16,892 1974 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Plaza Patria 8,641 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Plaza Patria 2011 Guadalajara Tlaquepaque (/wiki/Tlaquepaque) Jal. Forum Tlaquepaque Tlaquepaque 17,468 2003 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Galerías Guadalajara 21,489 2019 Guanajuato (/wiki/Guanajuato) Gto. Centro Comercial Alaïa Guanajuato Guanajuato 8,453 NEW Hermosillo (/wiki/Hermosillo) Son. Galerías Mall Sonora ? 2003 Hermosillo Son. Hermosillo Encinas 12,572 Hermosillo San Benito 2016 Hermosillo Son. Galerías Hermosillo 12,632 2011 La Paz (/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur) B.C.S. La Paz 8,846 2003 León (/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato) Irapuato (/wiki/Irapuato) Gto. Plaza Cibeles Irapuato Plaza Cibeles 14,649 2012 León col. Cerrito de Jerez Gto. Altacia León Altacia 17,850 León Sur 1996 León col. Valle del Campestre Gto. Plaza Mayor León Plaza Mayor 13,950 2008 Los Mochis (/wiki/Los_Mochis) Sin. Paseo Los Mochis Los Mochis 8,925 2013 Mazatlán (/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n) Sin. Galerías Mazatlán Mazatlán 14,000 1963 Mazatlán Sin. c/ Juárez y Cenizares Mazatlán Centro ? Fábricas de Francia Mazatlán 2018 Mérida (/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n) Yuc. La Isla Cabo Norte Mérida La Isla Cabo Norte ? 1999 Merida (/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n) Yuc. Galerías Mérida Galerías Mérida 15,367 2013 Mexicali (/wiki/Mexicali) B.C. Mexicali 12,800 1934 Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) Centro (/wiki/Historic_Center_of_Mexico_City) CDMX Ave. 20 de Septiembre Centro 12,965 2012 Mexico City Nezahualcóyotl (/w/index.php?title=Ciudad_Nezahualc%C3%B3yotl%E2%86%94%EF%B8%8E&action=edit&redlink=1) Edomex Plaza Ciudad Jardín (/w/index.php?title=Plaza_Ciudad_Jard%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1) Ciudad Jardín 16,451 2015 Mexico City Coacalco (/wiki/Coacalco) Edomex Cosmopol (/wiki/Cosmopol) Coacalco 15,237 2005 Mexico City Ecatepec (/wiki/Ecatepec_de_Morelos) Edomex Plaza Las Américas Ecatepec 20,895 2008 Mexico City Atizapán (/wiki/Atizap%C3%A1n_de_Zaragoza) Edomex Galerías Atizapán 24,921 1992 Mexico City Villa Coapa, Tlalpan (/wiki/Tlalpan) CDMX Galerías Coapa 21,830 1962 Mexico City Colonia Del Valle (/wiki/Colonia_Del_Valle) CDMX Galerías Insurgentes (/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Insurgentes) 30,301 2000 Mexico City Cuauhtitlán (/wiki/Cuautitl%C3%A1n_Izcalli) Edomex Galerías Perinorte (/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Perinorte) 12,654 2006 Mexico City Col. Lindavista (/wiki/Lindavista) CDMX Parque Lindavista Lindavista 21,861 2022 Mexico City Colonia Xoco (/wiki/Colonia_Xoco) CDMX Mítikah (/wiki/M%C3%ADtikah) 23,080 2005 Mexico City Colonia Piedad Narvarte (/wiki/Colonia_Piedad_Narvarte) CDMX Parque Delta (/wiki/Parque_Delta) 21,013 2018 Mexico City Iztapalapa (/wiki/Iztapalapa) CDMX Parque Las Antenas ? 2011 Mexico City Interlomas (/wiki/Interlomas) , Huixquilucan (/wiki/Huixquilucan) Edomex Paseo Interlomas (/wiki/Paseo_Interlomas) 24,037 1980 Mexico City Jardines del Pedregal (/wiki/Jardines_del_Pedregal) CDMX Perisur (/wiki/Perisur) 27,174 1970 Mexico City Colonia Polanco (/wiki/Colonia_Polanco) CDMX Calz. M. Escobedo Polanco 37,073 1993 Mexico City Santa Fe (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Mexico_City) CDMX Centro Santa Fe (/wiki/Centro_Santa_Fe) 28,378 1971 Mexico City Ciudad Satélite (/wiki/Ciudad_Sat%C3%A9lite) Edomex Plaza Satélite (/wiki/Plaza_Sat%C3%A9lite) Satélite 19,973 2016 Mexico City Tecámac (/wiki/Tec%C3%A1mac) Edomex Tecámac Power Center Tecámac 5,366 Fábricas de Francia Mexico Tecamac 1|24 Mexico City Gustavo A. Madero (/wiki/Gustavo_A._Madero,_Mexico_City) CDMX Parque Tepeyac Tepeyac 22,500 2015 Mexico City Tlalnepantla de Baz (/wiki/Tlalnepantla_de_Baz) Edomex Plaza Tlalne Fashion Mall Tlalnepantla 19,595 2017 Mexico City Naucalpan (/wiki/Naucalpan) Edomex Toreo Parque Central (/wiki/Toreo_Parque_Central) Toreo 20,000 4|9 Monclova (/wiki/Monclova) Coahuila Liverpool Monclova 10,979 1983 Monterrey (/wiki/Monterrey_metropolitan_area) N.L. Galerías Monterrey 19,335 1999 Monterrey N.L. Monterrey Centro 11,522 2010 Monterrey N.L. Monterrey Cumbres 16,723 11|5 Monterrey N.L. Esfera Fashion Hall Monterrey Esfera 11,298 2016 Monterrey N.L. Monterrey la Fe 12,289 2003 Monterrey N.L. Monterrey Valle 17,170 2010 Morelia (/wiki/Morelia) Mich. Morelia Altozano 16,240 1979 Morelia Mich. Morelia Las Américas 15,802 2002 Oaxaca (/wiki/Oaxaca) Oax. Oaxaca 10,034 Fábricas de Francia Oaxaca 2017 Oaxaca Oax. Plaza Bella Oaxaca Plaza Bella ? Fábricas de Francia Oaxaca Plaza Bella 2010 Orizaba (/wiki/Orizaba) Ver. Plaza Valle Orizaba 13,359 2003 Pachuca (/wiki/Pachuca) Hid. Galerías Pachuca Pachuca 15,095 2012 Playa del Carmen (/wiki/Playa_del_Carmen) Q.R. Playa del Carmen 9,222 1997 Poza Rica (/wiki/Poza_Rica) Ver. Poza Rica 5,567 Fábricas de Francia Poza Rica 2014 Puebla (/wiki/Puebla) Pue. Galerías Serdán Galerías Serdán 24,194 Puebla Serdan 2017 Puebla Pue. Parque Puebla Parque Puebla ? 1997 Puebla (/wiki/Puebla) Pue. Angelópolis Angelópolis 30,986 Puebla Angelópolis 1997 Puebla Pue. Puebla Crystal 6,186 Fábricas de Francia Puebla 2007 Puerto Vallarta (/wiki/Puerto_Vallarta) Jal. Galerías Puerto Vallarta 12,402 2014 Querétaro (/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro) Qro. Antea Liverpool Antea 26,677 2001 Querétaro Qro. Galerías Querétaro 15,460 2018 Querétaro Qro. Paseo Querétaro ? 2015 Salamanca (/wiki/Salamanca) Gto. Salamanca 5,721 Fábricas de Francia Salamanca 2012 Salina Cruz (/wiki/Salina_Cruz) Oax. Salina Cruz 9,189 2008 Saltillo (/wiki/Saltillo) Coah. Galerías Saltillo 14,477 2012 San Juan del Río (/wiki/San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo) Qro. Galerías San Juan del Rio 9,189 2001 San Luis Potosí (/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD) S.L.P. San Luis El Dorado 15,372 2011 San Luis Potosí S.L.P. San Luis Potosí 15,000 San Luis Potosí Carso 2007 San Miguel de Allende (/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende) Gto. San Miguel de Allende 7,822 1985 Tampico (/wiki/Tampico) Tamps. Tampico 15,375 Tampico Country Club 2016 Tampico Tamps. Tampico Altama 19,469 1999 Tapachula (/wiki/Tapachula) Chis. Tapachula 7,496 Fábricas de Francia Tapachula 2006 Tehuacan (/wiki/Tehuacan) Pue. Tehuacán 7,562 2007 Tepic (/wiki/Tepic) Nay. Tepic 14,293 1961 Tepic Nay. Tepic Centro 7,520 Fábricas de Francia Tepic 2023 Tijuana (/wiki/Tijuana) B.C. Península (/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Tijuana) Tijuana ? 2017 Tlaxcala (/wiki/Tlaxcala) Tlax. Tlaxcala 15,759 2014 Toluca (/wiki/Toluca) Edomex Galerías Toluca 24,344 1998 Toluca Metepec (/wiki/Metepec) Edomex Galerías Metepec 14,324 2001 Torreón (/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n) Coah. Galerías Laguna Torreón 13,680 2013 Tuxpan (/wiki/Tuxpan) Ver. Tuxpan 12,800 2017 Tuxtla Gutiérrez (/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez) Chis. Tuxtla 16,000 Tuxtla Gutiérrez Ámbar 1997 Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chis. Tuxtla Oriente 11,356 Tuxtla Gutiérrez Galerias 2012 Veracruz (/wiki/Veracruz_metropolitan_area) Ver. Veracruz El Dorado 23,455 1997 Veracruz Ver. Veracruz Mocambo 12,629 Veracruz Las Americas 2012 Villahermosa (/wiki/Villahermosa) Tab. Altabrisa 26,850 1982 Villahermosa Tabasco 2000 ( es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabasco_2000) ) Tab. Galerías Tabasco 15,092 Tabasco 2000 1997 Villahermosa Tab. Plaza Crystal Villahermosa Crystal 5,267 Fábricas de Francia Villahermosa 1997 Xalapa (/wiki/Xalapa) Ver. Plaza Américas Xalapa Plaza Américas 6,660 Fábricas de Francia Xalapa 2006 Xalapa Ver. Plaza Crystal Xalapa 21,178 Xalapa 2010 Zacatecas (/wiki/Zacatecas) Zac. Galerías Zacatecas 13,356 2016 Zamora (/wiki/Zamora,_Michoac%C3%A1n) Mich. Centro Comercial Sentura Zamora (/w/index.php?title=Centro_Comercial_Sentura_Zamora&action=edit&redlink=1) Zamora 8,933 2006 2023 Cancún Zona Hotelera Q.R. La Isla Cancún 2,784 1969 2021 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Plaza del Sol (/wiki/Plaza_del_Sol_(Mexico)) 8,255 Fábricas de Francia Plaza del Sol 2007 2022 Mexico City Iztapalapa (/wiki/Iztapalapa) CDMX Parque Tezontle 21,928 Source: Tiendas ("Stores"), Liverpool website (https://www.liverpool.com.mx/tienda/browse/storelocator) and p. 43, 2022 Annual Report (https://www.elpuertodeliverpool.mx/docs/informes-anuales/Informe-Anual-BMV-2022-VF.pdf) Liverpool Interlomas Store [ edit ] Liverpool Interlomas Main article: Liverpool Interlomas (/wiki/Liverpool_Interlomas) In 2011, Liverpool opened a high-profile store at Paseo Interlomas (/wiki/Paseo_Interlomas) , in the Interlomas (/wiki/Interlomas) , a major upscale suburban residential and business center in Greater Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) . The structure was designed by Rojkind Arquitectos (/wiki/Rojkind_Arquitectos) . This three-story structure, dubbed the OVNI ( UFO (/wiki/UFO) ) for its distinctive metallic oval look, is clad in a double-layered stainless steel surface fabricated by Zahner (/wiki/Zahner) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The 30,000m2 department store includes a rooftop recreational park. [5] (#cite_note-5) Several design firms were involved in various aspects of the project. The interiors were done by American architecture and design firm FRCH Design Worldwide (/wiki/FRCH_Design_Worldwide) , the rooftop garden by Thomas Balsley and the gourmet space by JHP Design. See also [ edit ] El Puerto de Liverpool (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool) , the corporate group of which Liverpool department stores are a part Galerías (/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas) , shopping malls owned by El Puerto de Liverpool group Suburbia (department store) (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Liverpool - 2022 Integrated Annual Report - About El Puerto de Liverpool" (https://www.elpuertodeliverpool.mx/docs/informes-anuales/ia2022/en/sobre.html) . www.elpuertodeliverpool.mx . Retrieved 7 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Brenes, Esteban R.; Haar, Jerry (2012). The Future of Entrepreneurship in Latin America . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 202. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-230-27918-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) .cnnexpansion.com/negocios/2008/08/29/liverpool-visa-launch-credit-card Liverpool-Visa launch credit card (http://www) CCN Expansión. August 29, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-4) DB, Andy (2 March 2012). "Liverpool Department Store - Update" (http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/9/view/19573/rojkind-arquitectos-liverpool-department-store-update.html) . Retrieved 2012-07-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cerchiara, Claudia. "Liverpool Interolomas - Grand Opening" (http://creativefuel.frch.com/2011/11/30/liverpool-interlomas-grand-opening) . Retrieved 2012-07-03 . v t e Department and discount stores in Mexico Department stores Cimaco (/wiki/Cimaco) Coppel (/wiki/Coppel) Liverpool El Nuevo Mundo (/wiki/El_Nuevo_Mundo) El Palacio de Hierro (/wiki/El_Palacio_de_Hierro) Sears (/wiki/Sears_Mexico) Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) Discount stores Waldo's (/wiki/Waldo%27s) Woolworth (/wiki/Woolworth_Mexicana) Hypermarkets Alsúper (Plus) Bodega Aurrerá (/wiki/Bodega_Aurrer%C3%A1) Casa Ley (/wiki/Casa_Ley) Chedraui (/wiki/Chedraui) /Super Che laComer (/wiki/Comercial_City_Fresko) H-E-B/Mi Tienda del Ahorro (/wiki/H-E-B) Soriana (/wiki/Soriana) Híper/Híper Plus/Mega/Mercado Walmart (/wiki/Walmart_de_M%C3%A9xico_y_Centroam%C3%A9rica) Speciality Elektra (/wiki/Grupo_Elektra) La Parisina (/wiki/La_Parisina) Defunct Dorian's (/wiki/Dorian%27s) Fábricas de Francia (/wiki/F%C3%A1bricas_de_Francia) París-Londres (/wiki/Par%C3%ADs-Londres) Salinas y Rocha (/wiki/Salinas_y_Rocha) Viana (/wiki/Viana_(department_store)) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Mexico portal (/wiki/Portal:Mexico) Category: Department stores of Mexico (/wiki/Category:Department_stores_of_Mexico) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐9fmhh Cached time: 20240720122422 Cache expiry: 992139 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.499 seconds Real time usage: 0.678 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2321/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37735/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3931/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 71823/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6283578/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 565.105 1 -total 17.78% 100.465 1 Template:Reflist 16.76% 94.714 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.73% 94.553 1 Template:Department_stores_in_Mexico 16.36% 92.452 1 Template:Navbox 14.36% 81.132 3 Template:Cite_web 14.00% 79.126 1 Template:Infobox 13.58% 76.749 1 Template:Sort_under 10.49% 59.296 1 Template:Short_description 6.77% 38.282 2 Template:Citation_needed Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75508588-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720122422 and revision id 1220386603. 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(Redirected from Draft:Donna Distefano 2 (/w/index.php?title=Draft:Donna_Distefano_2&redirect=no) ) Submission declined on 11 June 2024 by Liance (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Liance) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Liance) ). The content of this submission includes material that does not meet Wikipedia's minimum standard for inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations) . Please cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) your sources using footnotes (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . For instructions on how to do this, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Thank you. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. 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Last edited by WereSpielChequers (/wiki/User:WereSpielChequers) 3 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:KateDimmock&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: On Wikipedia, all articles about biographies of living persons (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) must meet certain requirements. All stated facts should be backed by reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPRS) inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:ILC) to ensure that the information is verifiable. Please ensure the draft is properly sourced before resubmitting. ~ Liance (/wiki/User:Liance) talk (/wiki/User_talk:Liance) 20:20, 11 June 2024 (UTC) Fine Jewelry Designer File:DonnaDistefano Donna Distefano Thomas is an American jewelry designer and goldsmith of Italian descent who works in New York City where she founded the jewelry firm Donna Distefano Ltd. Donna Distefano is known for hand wrought creations in high karat gold, drawing inspiration from Renaissance art, Italian culture and literature as well as her multiple collaborations in the art and music world. ________________________________________________________________ Early Life and Education [ edit ] Born in the Bronx, New York City in 1962, Donna Distefano is the daughter of two first generation Italian Americans, Virginia Rose Picarazzi and Joseph Albert Distefano Sr. She pursued her education at The Fashion Institute of Technology, where she earned an Associates Degree in Applied Science in 1982. Her academic journey included independent scholarly pursuits focused on Dante Alighieri, Italian Language, Art History, and goldsmithing, with additional study at the University of Urbino (/wiki/University_of_Urbino) , the University of Bridgeport, Hunter College, and Southern Connecticut State University. Donna Distefano holds dual American and Italian citizenship and is fluent in both English and Italian. Career [ edit ] Donna Distefano's career spans several decades, including her tenure as a Senior Craftsperson Jeweler at The Metropolitan Museum of Art from 1989 to 1994. In 1994, she founded Donna Distefano Ltd, a goldsmithing atelier where she continues to serve as President, Master Goldsmith, and 100% Shareholder. Since its inception the company operates as an atelier, relying solely on private clients and collaborations. For her eponymous collection Distefano takes inspiration from paintings and poetry, mixing references from historical jewelry representations and construction with current jeweler techniques and process. She sets colorful gems into Etruscan and Renaissance style arrangements, frequently accenting the stones' deep colors with diamonds and custom made, in-house alloys made of a variety of golden hues. Museum Exhibitions [ edit ] Donna Distefano's jewelry has been featured in museum exhibitions, including: 2013-2021: Out of this World, Jewelry in the Space Age featuring "the Love that moves the sun and the other stars." - a 22 karat gold ring with meteorite and diamonds. The Forbes Galleries, New York City (2013), Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh (2015), Tellus Science Museum (/wiki/Tellus_Science_Museum) , Cartersville, Georgia (2021) 2018: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, where her works were displayed in the Special Exhibition Gift Shop, including "Ever More Saints”, in celebration of the Costume Institute’s Heavenly Bodies exhibition. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Frick and other Museum Collaborations In 1997, Donna Distefano collaborated with the Hillwood Museum in Washington, D.C. on historic jewelry reproductions. In 2009, Donna Distefano was commissioned to create The Fred and Adele Astaire Awards In 2017, Donna Distefano collaborated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Met Store on high karat gold fine jewelry reproductions and original works. In 2024, Donna Distefano collaborated with the Frick Museum in conjunction with the reopening of their historic Fifth Avenue mansion and library. Rock Group Partnerships [ edit ] In 2020, Donna Distefano collaborated with the legendary rock group Aerosmith to create a numbered and limited-edition jewelry collection, celebrating the band's 50th anniversary. In 2023, Donna Distefano collaborated with the rock supergroup The Hollywood Vampires to create a numbered and limited-edition jewelry collection. In 2018 the original “Last Vampire” poison ring was worn by actor and musician Johnny Depp on the cover of the November issue of British GQ. Conference Presentations [ edit ] 2014: Gemological Institute of America Alumni Association, presentation on "Off the Canvas.” 2016: AATI American Association of Teachers of Italian International Conference, Naples, Italy, presentation of "Dante and Gems." 2018: 53rd International Congress of Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, MI, for the Dante Society of America, presentation of "Dante and Gems." 2019: Gemological Institute of America Alumni Association, presentation of "Dante and Gems." Awards [ edit ] Donna Distefano has received recognition as “Best of New York” by New York Magazine (2010), the Jewelers That Care Award (2011), and a Proclamation by the City of Pittsburgh (2015). References [ edit ] The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/30/fashion/jewelry-metropolitan-museum-of-art-shop.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/30/fashion/jewelry-metropolitan-museum-of-art-shop.html) British GQ https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/johnny-depp-interview-2018 (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/johnny-depp-interview-2018) JCK Meet the jeweler behind Met Heavenly Bodies https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/jeweler-heavenly-bodies-collection/#:~:text=The%20museum's%20Met%20Store%20has,bowed%20alongside%20the%20exhibition%20itself (https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/jeweler-heavenly-bodies-collection/#:~:text=The%20museum's%20Met%20Store%20has,bowed%20alongside%20the%20exhibition%20itself) . InStyle Magazine out of this world JCK TOYS https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/aerosmith-x-distefano-toys/ (https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/aerosmith-x-distefano-toys/) Dante and Gems https://www.academia.edu/36015153/Dante_Presentation_FINAL_DANTE_and_GEMS_6_23_16_pdf (https://www.academia.edu/36015153/Dante_Presentation_FINAL_DANTE_and_GEMS_6_23_16_pdf) The Love that moves the sun and the other stars https://www.europastarjewellery.com/in-the-press/donna-distefano-unveils-one-of-a-kind-ring-at-the-forbes-galleries.html (https://www.europastarjewellery.com/in-the-press/donna-distefano-unveils-one-of-a-kind-ring-at-the-forbes-galleries.html) https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donna-distefano-from-silv_b_6591040 (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donna-distefano-from-silv_b_6591040) https://dantetoday.krieger.jhu.edu/2021/07/19/donna-distefanos-the-love-that-moves-the-sun-and-the-other-stars-ring/ (https://dantetoday.krieger.jhu.edu/2021/07/19/donna-distefanos-the-love-that-moves-the-sun-and-the-other-stars-ring/) https://www.gemobsessed.com/designer-jewelry/space-age-jewelry/ (https://www.gemobsessed.com/designer-jewelry/space-age-jewelry/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5945d96d65‐lfdkh Cached time: 20240717104516 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.261 seconds Real time usage: 0.386 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1422/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77899/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7479/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6502/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.105/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2437579/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 329.781 1 -total 80.55% 265.649 1 Template:AFC_submission 75.90% 250.288 1 Template:AfC_submission/declined 73.57% 242.628 1 Template:Ombox 40.09% 132.221 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 39.04% 128.746 4 Template:Hidden 17.62% 58.107 1 Template:Find_sources 11.67% 38.478 1 Template:Find_sources/top_proj 8.69% 28.653 1 Template:Short_description 7.07% 23.304 1 Template:Columns-list Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77133194-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717104516 and revision id 1234427885. 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Cold-pressed essential oil Bergamot essential oil Bergamot essential oil is a cold-pressed essential oil (/wiki/Essential_oil) produced by cells inside the rind (/wiki/Peel_(fruit)) of a bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) fruit. It is a common flavouring (/wiki/Flavouring) and top note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) in perfumes. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note. [1] (#cite_note-1) Production [ edit ] Bergamot (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) fruits harvested for the production of essential oil The Macchina calabrese peeler, invented in 1840 by Nicola Barillà The sfumatura (/wiki/Sfumatura) or slow-folding process was the traditional technique for manually extracting the bergamot oil. [2] (#cite_note-Di_Giacomo_Mincione-2) By more modern methods, the oil is extracted mechanically with machines called peelers, which scrape the outside of the fruit under running water to get an emulsion (/wiki/Emulsion) channeled into centrifuges for separating the essence from the water. The rinds (/wiki/Peel_(fruit)) of 100 bergamot oranges yield about 3 ounces (85 g) of bergamot oil. [3] (#cite_note-3) Uses [ edit ] Bergamotes de Nancy (/wiki/Nancy,_France) Bergamot essential oil has been used in cosmetics, aromatherapy (/wiki/Aromatherapy) , and as a flavoring in food and beverages. [4] (#cite_note-drugs-4) Its citrus scent makes it a natural flavoring and deodorizing agent. [4] (#cite_note-drugs-4) The volatile oils of the bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) are described as flavoring agents in the USP (/wiki/United_States_Pharmacopeia) Food Chemicals Codex (/wiki/Food_Chemicals_Codex) and are generally recognized as safe (/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe) for human consumption by the Food and Drug Administration (/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration) . [5] (#cite_note-CIR_2013-5) For example, Earl Grey tea (/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea) is a type of black tea (/wiki/Black_tea) that may contain bergamot essential oil as a flavoring agent. [4] (#cite_note-drugs-4) Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) , a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) at the beginning of the 18th century. [6] (#cite_note-6) The first record of bergamot oil used as a fragrance in perfume is from 1714, found in the Farina Archive in Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Constituents [ edit ] A clear liquid (sometimes there is a deposit consisting of waxes) in color from green to greenish yellow, bergamot essential oil consists of a volatile fraction (average 95%) and a non-volatile fraction (5% or residual). Chemically, it is a complex mixture of many classes of organic substances, particularly in the volatile fraction, including terpenes (/wiki/Terpenes) , esters (/wiki/Esters) , alcohols (/wiki/Alcohols) and aldehydes (/wiki/Aldehydes) , and for the non-volatile fraction, oxygenated heterocyclic compounds (/wiki/Heterocyclic_compound) as coumarins (/wiki/Coumarins) and furanocoumarins (/wiki/Furanocoumarin) . [8] (#cite_note-odor-8) Volatile fraction [ edit ] The main compounds in the oil are limonene (/wiki/Limonene) , linalyl acetate (/wiki/Linalyl_acetate) , linalool (/wiki/Linalool) , γ- terpinene (/wiki/Terpinene) and β-pinene (/wiki/Beta-Pinene) , and in smaller quantities geranial (/wiki/Geranial) and β- bisabolene (/wiki/Bisabolene) . [8] (#cite_note-odor-8) Main volatile components of a Calabrian bergamot essential oil sample [8] (#cite_note-odor-8) Compound % Limonene (/wiki/Limonene) 37.2% Linalyl acetate (/wiki/Linalyl_acetate) 30.1% Linalool (/wiki/Linalool) 8.8% γ- terpinene (/wiki/Terpinene) 6.8% β-pinene (/wiki/Beta-Pinene) 2.8% minor compounds 14.3% green : terpenes; blue : esters; orange : alcohols; red : minor compounds Non-volatile fraction [ edit ] The main non-volatile compounds are coumarins ( citropten (/wiki/Citropten) , 5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin (/wiki/5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin) ) and furanocoumarins ( bergapten (/wiki/Bergapten) , bergamottin (/wiki/Bergamottin) ). [9] (#cite_note-BenincasaBuiarelli1990-9) [10] (#cite_note-DugoPiperno2009-10) Main non-volatile components of Bergamot essential oil [10] (#cite_note-DugoPiperno2009-10) Compound conc. g/L Bergamottin (/wiki/Bergamottin) 21.42 Citropten (/wiki/Citropten) 2.58 Bergapten (/wiki/Bergapten) 2.37 5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin (/wiki/5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin) 1.12 orange : coumarins; green : furanocoumarins Concentration (/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)) in grams per liter of essential oil Adulteration [ edit ] Comparison of bergamot oil obtained from the same raw plant material either by cold pressing or by hydrodistillation ( Peratoner ) using GC-MS (/wiki/Gas_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry) analysis with enantiomeric column The bergamot essential oil is particularly subject to adulteration (/wiki/Adulteration) being an essential oil produced in relatively small quantities. Generally adulteration is to "cut" the oil, i.e. adding distilled essences of poor quality and low cost, for example of bitter orange (/wiki/Bitter_orange) and bergamot mint (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne_mint) and/or mixtures of terpenes, natural or synthetic, or "reconstruct" the essence from synthetic chemicals, coloring it with chlorophyll (/wiki/Chlorophyll) . Worldwide, each year, around three thousand tonnes of declared essence of bergamot are marketed, while the genuine essence of bergamot produced annually amounts to no more than one hundred tons. [11] (#cite_note-11) Natural source analysis based on the Carbon-14 (/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating) method can identify adulterated essences by detecting synthetic chemicals manufactured from petroleum that are used to mimic the chemical profile of bergamot oil and other essential oils. [ citation needed ] Gas chromatography (/wiki/Gas_chromatography) with columns having a chiral stationary phase allows analyzing mixtures of enantiomers (/wiki/Enantiomer) . The analysis of the enantiomeric distribution of various compounds, such as linalyl acetate and linalool, allows the characterization of the bergamot oil according to the manufacturing process and allows for the detection of possible adulteration. [12] (#cite_note-MondelloVerzera1998-12) [13] (#cite_note-EleniAntonios2009-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-CotroneoStagno_d'Alcontres1992-15) The combined use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (/wiki/Isotope_ratio_mass_spectrometry) and SNIF-NMR (Site-Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) allows discovering adulteration otherwise undetectable even allowing for the identification of the geographical origin of the essential oil. [16] (#cite_note-HanneguelleThibault1992-16) The GC-C-IRMS (Gas Chromatography-Combustion – Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) technique, the most recently used, allows obtaining similar results. [17] (#cite_note-17) Reference analytical values [ edit ] Analytical values take as reference for genuinity evaluation of bergamot essential oil by the Experimental Station for the Industry of the Essential oils and Citrus products (/wiki/Stazione_Sperimentale_per_le_Industrie_delle_Essenze_e_dei_Derivati_dagli_Agrumi) , in Reggio Calabria (/wiki/Reggio_Calabria) , Italy. [18] (#cite_note-18) Chemical physical characteristics of bergamot essential oil Chemical physical characteristics Min Max Unit (/wiki/Units_of_measurement) Refractive index (/wiki/Refractive_index) at 20 °C (68 °F) 1.4640 1.4690 adim Optical rotation (/wiki/Optical_rotation) at 20 °C (68 °F) +15.0 +34.0 ° Relative density (/wiki/Relative_density) at 20 °C (68 °F) 0.875 0.883 adim Esters (/wiki/Esters) (expressed as linalyl acetate (/wiki/Linalyl_acetate) ) 30 45 % Evaporation residue 4.50 6.50 % CD ( spectrophotometric (/wiki/Spectrophotometry) analysis) 0.75 1.20 adim Main volatile fraction components of bergamot essential oil Main volatile fraction components Min Max Unit Limonene (/wiki/Limonene) 30 45 % Linalool (/wiki/Linalool) 3 15 % Linalyl acetate (/wiki/Linalyl_acetate) 22 36 % γ- terpinene (/wiki/Terpinene) 6 10 % β-pinene (/wiki/%CE%92-pinene) 4.5 9 % Δ 3 - carene (/wiki/Carene) trace 0.008 % Terpinen-4-ol (/wiki/Terpinen-4-ol) trace 0.06 % Enantiomeric ratios of main chiral components of bergamot essential oil Enantiomeric ratios of main chiral components Min Max Unit Limonene ((+)-Limonene / (-)-Limonene) (97.4 / 2.6) (98.4 / 1.6) % Linalool ((+)-Linalool / (-)-Linalool) (0.3 / 99.7) (0.7 / 99.3) % Linalyl acetate ((+)-Linalyl acetate / (-)-Linalyl acetate) (0.3 / 99.7) (0.6 / 99.4) % Non-volatile residue components of bergamot essential oil Non-volatile residue components Min Max Unit Bergapten (/wiki/Bergapten) 1800 3800 mg/Kg Toxicity [ edit ] The phototoxic (/wiki/Phototoxic) effects of bergamot essential oil have been known for more than a century. In 1925, Rosenthal coined the term "Berloque dermatitis" [19] (#cite_note-Alikhan_2016-19) (from the French word "breloque" meaning trinket or charm) to describe the pendant-like streaks of pigmentation observed on the neck, face, and arms of patients. [20] (#cite_note-Rosenthal_1925-20) [21] (#cite_note-McGovern_and_Barkley_2000-21) He was unaware that, in 1916, Freund had correctly observed that these pigmentation effects were due to sun exposure after the use of Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) , a perfume infused with bergamot oil. [22] (#cite_note-Freund_1916-22) Use of bergamot aromatherapy (/wiki/Aromatherapy) oil, followed by exposure to ultraviolet (/wiki/Ultraviolet) light (either sunlight or a tanning bed (/wiki/Tanning_bed) ), has been reported to cause phytophotodermatitis (/wiki/Phytophotodermatitis) , [23] (#cite_note-Kaddu_et_al._2001-23) a serious skin inflammation indicated by painful erythema (/wiki/Erythema) and bullae (/wiki/Skin_condition#Bulla) on exposed areas of the skin. In one case, six drops of bergamot aromatherapy oil in a bath followed by 20–30 minutes exposure of ultraviolet light from a tanning bed caused a severe burn-like reaction. [24] (#cite_note-Cocks_and_Wilson_1998-24) Patch test (/wiki/Patch_test) Bergamot essential oil contains a significant amount of bergapten (/wiki/Bergapten) , a phototoxic substance that gets its name from the bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) . Bergapten, a linear furanocoumarin (/wiki/Furanocoumarin) derived from psoralen (/wiki/Psoralen) , is often found in plants associated with phytophotodermatitis. [21] (#cite_note-McGovern_and_Barkley_2000-21) Note that bergamot essential oil has a higher concentration of bergapten (3000–3600 mg/kg) than any other Citrus -based essential oil. [25] (#cite_note-DFG_SKLM_report_2004-25) When bergamot essential oil is applied directly to the skin via a patch test (/wiki/Patch_test) , followed by exposure to ultraviolet (/wiki/Ultraviolet) light, a concentration-dependent phototoxic (/wiki/Phototoxic) effect is observed. [26] (#cite_note-Girard_et_al._1979-26) [27] (#cite_note-Kejlova_et_al._2007-27) However, if the oil is twice rectified (and therefore bergapten-free), no phototoxic response is observed. [28] (#cite_note-Forbes_et_al._1977-28) The International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) (IFRA) restricts the use of bergamot essential oil due to its phototoxic effects. Specifically, IFRA recommends that leave-on skin products be limited to 0.4% bergamot oil, [4] (#cite_note-drugs-4) which is more restrictive than any other Citrus -based essential oil. [5] (#cite_note-CIR_2013-5) Although generally recognized as safe (/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe) for human consumption, bergamot essential oil contains a significant amount of bergamottin (/wiki/Bergamottin) , one of two furanocoumarins believed to be responsible for a number of grapefruit–drug interactions (/wiki/Grapefruit%E2%80%93drug_interactions) . [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-Bailey_et_al._2012-30) There are no direct reports of Earl Grey tea causing drug interactions. In one case study, a patient who consumed four liters of Earl Grey tea per day suffered paresthesias (/wiki/Paresthesia) , fasciculations (/wiki/Fasciculation) and muscle cramps. The patient did not show these reactions when drinking the same amount of plain black tea daily; drinking no tea at all; or drinking only one liter of Earl Grey tea daily. The presumed culprit is bergapten (/wiki/Bergapten) , a potassium channel blocker found in bergamot oil. [31] (#cite_note-Finsterer_2002-31) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Bergamot perfume ingredient, Bergamot fragrance and essential oils Citrus bergamia" (http://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Bergamot-75.html) . Fragrantica.com . Retrieved 19 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Di_Giacomo_Mincione_2-0) Angelo Di Giacomo e Biagio Mincione (1994). Gli Olii Essenziali Agrumari in Italia (in Italian). Reggio Calabria: Laruffa Editore. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Brannt, W.T; Schaedler, K. (1896). A Practical Treatise on Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils, 2nd Edition (digitized 24 Sep 2007), page 449 . The University of Michigan. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Bergamot oil" (https://www.drugs.com/npp/bergamot-oil.html) . Drugs.com. 2018 . Retrieved 30 November 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Safety assessment of citrus-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics" (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/citrus2013slr_final%20for%20posting.pdf) (PDF) . Cosmetic Ingredient Review . 3 December 2013 . Retrieved 28 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Eau de Cologne. The world's oldest and most reproduced scent" (https://www.lampoonmagazine.com/article/2021/05/08/eau-de-cologne-worlds-oldest-scent/) . Lampoon Magazine . 2021-05-08 . Retrieved 2022-05-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Bergamot in perfumery" (https://www.sylvaine-delacourte.com/en-us/blog/bergamot) . www.sylvaine-delacourte.com . Retrieved 2022-05-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sawamura, M.; Onishi, Y.; Ikemoto, J.; Tu, N.T.M.; Phi, N.T.L. (2006). "Characteristic odour components of bergamot ( Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil". Flavour and Fragrance Journal . 21 (4): 609–615. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/ffj.1604 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fffj.1604) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0882-5734 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-5734) . ^ (#cite_ref-BenincasaBuiarelli1990_9-0) Benincasa, M.; Buiarelli, F.; Cartoni, G.P.; Coccioli, F. (1990). "Analysis of lemon and bergamot essential oils by HPLC with microbore columns". Chromatographia . 30 (5–6): 271–276. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/BF02319706 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02319706) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0009-5893 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0009-5893) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 95863019 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:95863019) . ^ Jump up to: a b Dugo, Paola; Piperno, Anna; Romeo, Roberto; Cambria, Maria; Russo, Marina; Carnovale, Caterina; Mondello, Luigi (2009). "Determination of Oxygen Heterocyclic Components in Citrus Products by HPLC with UV Detection". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (/wiki/Journal_of_Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry) . 57 (15): 6543–6551. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/jf901209r (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf901209r) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0021-8561 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 19722564 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19722564) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tonio Licordari La riflessione Valorizzare ora questa risorsa sulla scia dell'onda... profumata Gazzetta del Sud (/wiki/Gazzetta_del_Sud) Cronaca di Reggio. Retrieved on 18 February 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-MondelloVerzera1998_12-0) Mondello, L.; Verzera, A.; Previti, P.; Crispo, F.; Dugo, G. (1998). "Multidimensional Capillary GC−GC for the Analysis of Complex Samples. 5. Enantiomeric Distribution of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons, Monoterpene Alcohols, and Linalyl Acetate of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) Oils". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry . 46 (10): 4275–4282. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/jf980228u (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf980228u) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0021-8561 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561) . ^ (#cite_ref-EleniAntonios2009_13-0) Eleni, M.; Antonios, M.; George, K.; Alexios-Leandros, S.; Prokopios, M. (2009). "High quality bergamot oil from Greece: Chemical analysis using chiral gas chromatography and larvicidal activity against the West Nile virus vector" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253838) . Molecules . 14 (2): 839–849. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3390/molecules14020839 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules14020839) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1420-3049 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1420-3049) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 6253838 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253838) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 19255543 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19255543) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Burfield, T. "The adulteration of essential oils – and the consequences to aromatherapy & natural perfumery practice" (http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~nodice/new/magazine/october/october.htm) . Presented to the International Federation of Aromatherapists Annual AGM London Oct 11th 2003 . Retrieved 16 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-CotroneoStagno_d'Alcontres1992_15-0) Cotroneo, A.; Stagno d'Alcontres, I.; Trozzi, A. (1992). "On the genuineness of citrus essential oils. Part XXXIV. Detection of added reconstituted bergamot oil in genuine bergamot essential oil by high resolution gas chromatography with chiral capillary columns". Flavour and Fragrance Journal . 7 (1): 15–17. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/ffj.2730070104 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fffj.2730070104) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0882-5734 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-5734) . ^ (#cite_ref-HanneguelleThibault1992_16-0) Hanneguelle, S.; Thibault, J.N.; Naulet, N.; Martin, G.J. (1992). "Authentication of essential oils containing linalool and linalyl acetate by isotopic methods". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry . 40 (1): 81–87. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/jf00013a016 (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf00013a016) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0021-8561 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Schipilliti, L.; Dugo, G.; Santi, L.; Dugo, P.; Mondello, L. (2011). "Authentication of bergamot essential oil by Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS)". Journal of Essential Oil Research . 23 (2): 60–71. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700447 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10412905.2011.9700447) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 97833423 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:97833423) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) (in Italian and English) Francesco Gionfriddo e Domenico Castaldo (2004). "Ridefinizione dei parametri analico-composizionali dell'olio essenziale di bergamotto estratto a freddo / Ridefinition of analytical compositional parameters for "cold pressed" bergamot essential oil". Essenze Derivati Agrumari (74): 151–152. ^ (#cite_ref-Alikhan_2016_19-0) Alikhan, A. (4 March 2016). "Berloque Dermatitis" (https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119063-overview) . Medscape . Retrieved 29 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rosenthal_1925_20-0) Rosenthal, O. (1925). "Berloque dermatitis: Berliner Dermatologische". Dermatologische Zeitschrift . 42 : 295. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1159/000250611 (https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000250611) . Cited in Alikhan 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b McGovern, T.W.; Barkley, T.M. (2000). "Botanical Dermatology" (http://telemedicine.org/botanica/bot1.htm) . The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology . Internet Dermatology Society. Section Phytophotodermatitis (http://telemedicine.org/botanica/bot5.htm) . Retrieved November 29, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Freund_1916_22-0) Freund, E. (1916). "Uber bisher noch nicht beschriebene kunstliche Hautverfarbungen". Dermatol Wochenschrift . 63 : 931–933. Cited in McGovern and Barkley 2000, section Phytophotodermatitis (http://telemedicine.org/botanica/bot5.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-Kaddu_et_al._2001_23-0) Kaddu, S.; Kerl, H.; Wolf, P. (2001). "Accidental bullous phototoxic reactions to bergamot aromatherapy oil". J Am Acad Dermatol . 45 (3): 458–461. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1067/mjd.2001.116226 (https://doi.org/10.1067%2Fmjd.2001.116226) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11511848 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11511848) . Cited in CIR 2013 (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/citrus2013slr_final%20for%20posting.pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-Cocks_and_Wilson_1998_24-0) Cocks, H.; Wilson, D. (1998). "Letters to the Editor". Burns . 24 (1): 80. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/S0305-4179(97)00102-2 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0305-4179%2897%2900102-2) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9601600 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9601600) . Cited in CIR 2013 (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/citrus2013slr_final%20for%20posting.pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-DFG_SKLM_report_2004_25-0) "Toxicological Assessment of Furocoumarins in Foodstuffs" (https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_im_profil/reden_stellungnahmen/2006/sklm_furocoumarine_en_2006.pdf) (PDF) . The German Research Foundation (DFG) . DFG Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM). 2004 . Retrieved November 1, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Girard_et_al._1979_26-0) Girard, J.; Unkovic, J.; Delahayes, J.; Lafille, C. (1979). "Phototoxicity of Bergamot oil. Comparison between humans and guinea pigs". Dermatologica (in French). 158 (4): 229–243. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1159/000250763 (https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000250763) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 428611 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/428611) . ^ (#cite_ref-Kejlova_et_al._2007_27-0) Kejlova, K.; Jirova, D.; Bendova, H.; Kandarova, H.; Weidenhoffer, Z.; Kolarova, H.; Liebsch, M. (2007). "Phototoxicity of bergamot oil assessed by in vitro techniques in combination with human patch tests". Toxicology in Vitro (/wiki/Toxicology_in_Vitro) . 21 (7): 1298–1303. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.016 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tiv.2007.05.016) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 17669618 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17669618) . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_et_al._1977_28-0) Forbes, P. D.; Urbach, F.; Davies, R. E. (1977). "Phototoxicity testing of fragrance raw materials". Food Cosmet Toxicol . 15 (1): 55–60. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/s0015-6264(77)80264-2 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0015-6264%2877%2980264-2) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 852784 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/852784) . Cited in CIR 2013 (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/citrus2013slr_final%20for%20posting.pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Hung, W. L.; Suh, J. H.; Wang, Y. (2017). "Chemistry and health effects of furanocoumarins in grapefruit" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9333421) . Journal of Food and Drug Analysis . 25 (1): 71–83. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfda.2016.11.008) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 9333421 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9333421) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 28911545 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28911545) . ^ (#cite_ref-Bailey_et_al._2012_30-0) Bailey, D. G.; Dresser, G.; Arnold, J. M. O. (2013). "Grapefruit-medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3589309) . Canadian Medical Association Journal . 185 (4): 309–316. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1503/cmaj.120951 (https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.120951) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3589309 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3589309) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 23184849 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23184849) . ^ (#cite_ref-Finsterer_2002_31-0) Finsterer, J. (2002). "Earl Grey tea intoxication". Lancet . 359 (9316): 1484. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08436-2 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2802%2908436-2) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11988248 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11988248) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 26873836 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26873836) . Bibliography [ edit ] Dugo, Giovanni; Bonaccorsi, Ivana (2013). Citrus bergamia: Bergamot and its Derivatives . Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles (Book 51). CRC Press (/wiki/CRC_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1439862278 . Costa, Rosaria; Dugo, Paola; Navarra, Michele; Raymo, Vilfredo; Dugo, Giovanni; Mondello, Luigi (2010). "Study on the chemical composition variability of some processed bergamot (Citrus bergamia) essential oils". Flavour and Fragrance Journal (/wiki/Flavour_and_Fragrance_Journal) . 25 (1): 4–12. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/ffj.1949 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fffj.1949) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0882-5734 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-5734) . Carlo Mangiola; Enrico Postorino; Francesco Gionfriddo; Maurizio Catalfamo; Renato Manganaro; Giuseppe Calabrò (October 2009). "Evaluation of the Genuineness of Cold-pressed Bergamot Oil" (http://www.perfumerflavorist.com/fragrance/research/59617877.html) . Perfumer & Flavorist : 26–31. Alp Kunkar and Ennio Kunkar, "Bergamotto e le sue essenze", Edizioni A Z A. Kunkar, C. Kunkar: Supercritical CO2 extraction of bergamot oil from peel ; Int. Cong. Medicinal plants and essential oils- Anadolu üniversıtesi-Eskişehir Turkey External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bergamot essential oil (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bergamot_essential_oil) . Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) (22 May 2012). "Assessment report on Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, aetheroleum (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/08/WC500131463.pdf) Final " (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/08/WC500131463.pdf) (PDF) . European Medicines Agency (/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency) (EMA) . Retrieved 7 April 2014 . Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) (22 May 2012). "List of references supporting the assessment of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, aetheroleum (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_List_of_references_supporting_the_assessment_report/2012/08/WC500131464.pdf) Final " (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_List_of_references_supporting_the_assessment_report/2012/08/WC500131464.pdf) (PDF) . European Medicines Agency (EMA) . Retrieved 7 April 2014 . 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British fashion label Finery Company type Limited (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Clothing retail Founded February 2015 Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) Products Clothes, shoes, accessories Website www (https://www.finerylondon.com) .finerylondon (https://www.finerylondon.com) .com (https://www.finerylondon.com) Finery is a British womenswear fashion (/wiki/Fashion) label, which products are available for purchase online and via selected offline stockists. Its approach is to offer smaller collections for women, not girls, that are “moderately priced”, well-styled, and versatile. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The company was founded in March 2014 by Nickyl Raithatha, Luca Marini and Caren Downie. [3] (#cite_note-Drapers-3) Raithatha and Marini, who knew each other from business school, had the idea for a clothing brand while Raithatha was working for Rocket Internet (/wiki/Rocket_Internet) and Marini was a director at one of Rocket's fashion e-tailers. They recruited Caren Downie, who had formerly been ASOS.com (/wiki/ASOS.com) 's fashion director and Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) 's buying director. [3] (#cite_note-Drapers-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Downie, in turn, recruited her former colleagues Emma Farrow and Rachel Morgans for design. [3] (#cite_note-Drapers-3) After obtaining initial funding from Rocket, Finery launched in February 2015 with a 150-piece collection, priced between £19 for a jersey top and £345 for a leather jacket. [3] (#cite_note-Drapers-3) To celebrate the launch of the website, in February 2015 Finery opened a pop-up store (/wiki/Pop-up_retail) in Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dacre, Karen. "Don your Finery: we meet the high-street heroines who called time on fast fashion" (https://www.standard.co.uk/fashion/news/don-your-finery-we-meet-the-highstreet-heroines-who-called-time-on-fast-fashion-a3110981.html) . The Evening Standard (/wiki/The_Evening_Standard) . 10 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Leaper, Caroline. "Meet Finery London, The High Street Brand You're Going To Love" (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion/548395/finery-london.html) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . 5 August 2015. ^ a b c d Hounslea, Tara (6 January 2016). "The Drapers Interview: Nickyl Raithatha on Finery's first whirlwind year" (http://www.drapersonline.com/people/the-drapers-interview/the-drapers-interview-finerys-nickyl-raithatha/7003210.fullarticle) . Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Colon, Ray Lowe,Ana. "Say Hello To Your New Favorite Fast-Fashion Shop" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/finery-london-affordable-fast-fashion) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 16 August 2019 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Culture Whisper: Personalised guide to London's cultural scene" (http://www.culturewhisper.com/event/view/id/3725) . Culture Whisper . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . Further reading [ edit ] "Finery London, An Affordable, Zara-Like Store, Is Definitely Going To Be A Staple In My Wardrobe" (http://www.bustle.com/articles/91895-finery-london-an-affordable-zara-like-store-is-definitely-going-to-be-a-staple-in-my-wardrobe) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . Aude Lagorce (3 February 2015). "New British Label Finery London Makes Affordable Look Good" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-british-label-finery-london-makes-affordable-look-good-1422970010) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . "Finery: The label for women who have grown out of topshop and asos" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/finery--the-label-for-women-who-have-grown-out-of-topshop-and-asos/news-story/9f2855f3f768e34ffa387d6ccb43d63b?=) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . (subscription required) "Shopping Fix: Our Edit Of The Best Pieces From Finery London" (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/shopping/finery-london-shop-best-pieces-20151158269) . Grazia Daily . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . "Finery London Launches This Week & Grazia Readers Get A Discount, Hurrah!" (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/homepage/fashion/finery-london-fashion-launches-first-look-discount-20150233347) . Grazia Daily . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . Leaper, Caroline. "Finery London" (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion/548395/finery-london.html#index=1) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved 17 January 2016 . 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1999 British fashion collection The coiled corset from Look 47 of The Overlook , pictured backstage at the 2004 McQueen retrospective show Black The Overlook (Autumn/Winter 1999) was the fourteenth collection by British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . It was inspired by the Stanley Kubrick (/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick) horror film The Shining (1980) and named for the fictional Overlook Hotel where much of the film takes place. The collection focused on winter clothing (/wiki/Winter_clothing) in light and neutral colours, including chunky knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) , fur and shearling (/wiki/Shearling) coats, and parkas (/wiki/Parka) inspired by Inuit clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) . Showpiece items included a bustier made from rock crystal and a corset made from coils of aluminium (/wiki/Aluminium) , the latter provided by jeweller and frequent McQueen collaborator Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) . The runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) was staged on 23 February 1999 at Gatliff Road Warehouse in London. Several celebrities attended, including Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editor Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , who was making her first appearance at a McQueen show. The square stage was enclosed by a large Lucite (/wiki/Lucite) box. The inside, lit by thousands of candles, was dressed to look like a birch (/wiki/Birch) forest in winter, complete with artificial snow (/wiki/Artificial_snow) and an icy floor. Production was handled by McQueen's usual creative team. Sixty-six looks were presented, interrupted by a brief entr'acte (/wiki/Entr%27acte) during which several models skated around the enclosure. The show earned a standing ovation (/wiki/Standing_ovation) , regarded as a rare achievement in the fashion world. Critical response to the clothing and the runway show for The Overlook was mostly positive, and it is regarded as one of McQueen's most memorable shows. Some observers criticised the collection for being unrealistic, and others objected to the use of real fur. Academic analysis has focused on the show's interpretation of The Shining and themes of isolation through the medium of clothing. The coiled corset was the sole item from The Overlook to appear in the original 2011 staging of the retrospective exhibit Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) . Background [ edit ] British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known in the fashion industry for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs. [1] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-1) During his nearly twenty-year career, he explored a broad range of ideas and themes, including historicism (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) , romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) , femininity, sexuality, and death. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14-2) [3] (#cite_note-:172-3) [4] (#cite_note-:182-4) His fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) were theatrical to the point of verging on performance art (/wiki/Performance_art) . [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201210-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201613-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoschek200981-7) He began his career in fashion as an apprentice on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , and the skills he developed there earned him a lifelong reputation as an expert tailor. [8] (#cite_note-doig-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) Early in his career, his runway presentations were violent and shocking, and audiences began to expect his shows to feature macabre dramatics. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003141-11) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015118-12) From 1996 to 2001, he was head designer at French luxury design house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , where he learned le flou , or draping (/wiki/Draped_garment#Present_day_use) , the dressmaking side of haute couture . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201614-13) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungMartin2017143-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) McQueen's personal fixations had a strong influence on his designs and shows, especially his love of film, which he drew on from the beginning of his career with his first commercial collection, Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Autumn/Winter 1993), named for the 1976 Martin Scorsese film (/wiki/Taxi_Driver) . [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015262-16) Other explicitly film-inspired collections include The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Spring/Summer 1995), The Hunger (Spring/Summer 1996), Deliverance (Spring/Summer 2004), and The Man Who Knew Too Much (/w/index.php?title=The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1) (Autumn/Winter 2005). [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015262,_269,_273-17) McQueen often worked with other creatives to produce things outside his area of expertise for runway shows, such as hats or jewellery. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015189-18) He had a light touch with collaborators, providing short creative briefs (/wiki/Creative_brief) that permitted latitude for interpretation, and often did not see the work he had commissioned until right before the show. [19] (#cite_note-:4-19) McQueen had a longstanding and particularly close collaboration with jeweller Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) , who had worked with him as early as Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (Autumn/Winter 1995). The two met during their student years; Leane was trained as a classical goldsmith who worked in traditional formats, but McQueen encouraged him to branch out into other materials and shapes. [19] (#cite_note-:4-19) [20] (#cite_note-:5-20) Concept and creative process [ edit ] Puffer jacket (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) from Look 10, presented at Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse at Musée des beaux-arts du Québec (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_beaux-arts_du_Qu%C3%A9bec) The Overlook (Autumn/Winter 1999) was the fourteenth collection by McQueen for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016341-21) It was inspired by the Stanley Kubrick (/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick) horror film The Shining (1980) and named after the fictional Overlook Hotel where much of the film takes place. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) McQueen stated that the collection was intended to echo the film's "sense of isolation and obscurity". [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) Separately, he said that he "wanted to confront misconceptions of size and matter" with the collection. [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) Journalist Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) suggested the emphasis on knitwork and embroidery may have been drawn from the Arts and Crafts movement (/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement) , which had strongly influenced McQueen's previous collection, No. 13 (Spring/Summer 1999). [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) Although The Shining is known for its dark and violent subject matter, McQueen surprised the audience by instead taking inspiration from its wintery, isolated setting (/wiki/Setting_(narrative)) , while making several visual references to the film. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201265-29) He referenced the film's ghostly sisters in Look 40, which featured a pair of identically styled models walking hand in hand. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) Hexagonal shapes reflected the Overlook Hotel's carpet pattern. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) The show concluded with an artificial snowstorm reminiscent of the blizzard that ends the film. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) The palette was primarily light and neutral colours: black, white, grey, and soft pink. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201266-30) The collection focused on romantic interpretations of winter clothing (/wiki/Winter_clothing) and pseudo- skiwear (/wiki/Skiwear) : garments made from thick jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) , chunky knitted items (/wiki/Knitwear) , and parkas (/wiki/Parka) inspired by Inuit clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) . [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201266-30) McQueen incorporated materials sourced from animals, including crocodile skin (/wiki/Crocodile_skin) , leather (/wiki/Leather) , rabbit fur (/wiki/Rabbit_fur) , and shearling (/wiki/Shearling) . [31] (#cite_note-:6-31) [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201266-30) As was typical with McQueen, there was a heavy emphasis on tailored garments, especially frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) and fit and flare (/wiki/Fit_and_flare) dresses. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [33] (#cite_note-:12-33) One frock coat had a fanned tail, referencing McQueen's love of birds and asymmetrical designs. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012156-34) Skirts were pleated (/wiki/Pleat) or bubbled (/wiki/Bubble_skirt) , making them voluminous. [35] (#cite_note-35) McQueen's signature low-rise " bumster (/wiki/Bumster) " trousers also made an appearance. [36] (#cite_note-:8-36) [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) Other repeated design elements included patchwork (/wiki/Patchwork) garments, painted and embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) roses, Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) crystal decorations, and garments made from metal. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [38] (#cite_note-:3-38) [39] (#cite_note-:15-39) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201269-40) The boots worn by the models had heels resembling ice skate (/wiki/Ice_skate) blades. [41] (#cite_note-:19-41) Runway show [ edit ] Production details [ edit ] The runway show was staged on 23 February 1999 at Gatliff Road Warehouse in London. [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) It was dedicated to Stanley Kubrick, then recently deceased. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) The show's invitation was a sheet of white A4 paper (/wiki/A4_paper) with the proverb " all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy (/wiki/All_work_and_no_play_makes_Jack_a_dull_boy) " typed repeatedly, echoing the way Shining protagonist Jack Torrance (/wiki/Jack_Torrance) obsessively types the phrase while losing his mind. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201265-29) There were technical issues backstage, including a small fire and a malfunctioning artificial snow machine, although these were resolved without interrupting the show. [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) Several celebrities attended, including Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) , Helen Mirren (/wiki/Helen_Mirren) , Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , and members of trip hop (/wiki/Trip_hop) group Massive Attack (/wiki/Massive_Attack) . [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201265-29) Industry figures in attendance included Nicole Fischelis, fashion director of the department store Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , and Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editor Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , who was making her first appearance at a McQueen show. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) [36] (#cite_note-:8-36) McQueen's mother Joyce was also in the audience. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) McQueen typically worked with a consistent creative team for his shows. Katy England was responsible for overall styling, while Gainsbury & Whiting handled production. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016341-21) Joseph Bennett, who had designed all of McQueen's runways since No. 13 (Spring/Summer 1999), took care of set design (/wiki/Set_design) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Nicolas Jurnjack (/wiki/Nicolas_Jurnjack) styled hair, while Val Garland (/wiki/Val_Garland) , a frequent McQueen collaborator, handled makeup. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016341-21) Jeweller Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) produced jewellery and metalwork, and product designer Kees van der Graaf returned to create a bodice (/wiki/Bodice) made from rock crystal. [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) The soundtrack mostly relied on orchestral music from The Shining , including the 1934 version of " Midnight, The Stars and You (/wiki/Midnight,_the_Stars_and_You) " with Al Bowlly (/wiki/Al_Bowlly) and Ray Noble and his Orchestra (/wiki/Ray_Noble_and_his_Orchestra) . The sound of wolves howling (/wiki/Wolf_communication) and wind blowing was added to the mix. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) Because the vinyl release of the film's soundtrack was difficult to find at the time, sound designer John Gosling had to pull the music from VHS (/wiki/VHS) tapes. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015265,_269-45) McQueen took his bow to the Frank Sinatra (/wiki/Frank_Sinatra) song " Come Fly with Me (/wiki/Come_Fly_with_Me_(1958_song)) ". [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) Catwalk presentation [ edit ] The square stage was enclosed by a 20-foot (6 m) Lucite (/wiki/Lucite) box; it was the first of two collections which McQueen staged this way. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201684-46) [41] (#cite_note-:19-41) The inside, lit by thousands of candles, was dressed to look like a birch (/wiki/Birch) forest in winter, with 25 tons of artificial snow (/wiki/Artificial_snow) and an icy floor. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) In a 2018 interview with Vogue , model Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) recalled McQueen surprising her with the ice during a pre-show conversation: "I was walking with Lee before the show," remembers Rayder, "and he's like, 'So you're going to open the show and you are walking on this.' I said, 'On ice? Are you joking? Are there spikes on the bottom of these shoes?!' His response: 'No. You're from Wisconsin. ' " [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) Models were styled with braided grey hair and silver paint over their eyes, eyelashes, eyebrows, and lower foreheads, resembling masks or stripes of ice. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [47] (#cite_note-:0-47) [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-48) Fashion theorist Janice Miller felt that the connotations of transformation and concealment associated with masks made the makeup "strange, beautiful, and wistful". [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-48) Curator Kate Bethune considered the faintly Native American (/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) look of the models' braided hair and exaggerated face makeup to be a reference to the cursed Native American burial ground (/wiki/Indian_burial_ground_trope) on which the film's Overlook Hotel was built. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) Sixty-six looks were presented. The show opened with roughly a dozen outfits in black, including a sleeveless high-necked bodice of crocodile skin (/wiki/Crocodile_skin) paired with a leather skirt. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) These looks were followed by a phase of garments in soft brown, taupe (/wiki/Taupe) , and pink. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201266-30) A section of looks in grey followed, including several showpiece items. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) Look 38 was a metallic sculpted bodice trimmed with fur. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue2015-22) [49] (#cite_note-:11-49) Look 40 featured a pair of models, styled identically with red hair, shaved eyebrows, and grey dresses walking hand in hand. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [50] (#cite_note-:16-50) The others were Shaun Leane's work: a metal corset (/wiki/Metal_corset) made from coils of aluminium (/wiki/Aluminium) (Look 47) and a knee-length aluminium skirt with laser-cut arabesques (/wiki/Arabesque) (Look 50). [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201684-46) [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011234-51) [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015287-52) After Look 53, the lights went down, and there was a three-minute entr'acte (/wiki/Entr%27acte) in which a group of seven models led by professional skater Marika Humphreys (/wiki/Marika_Humphreys) skated around the stage. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015310-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) [41] (#cite_note-:19-41) When the skating ended, the music cut out. The lights came back up, flickering, accompanied by an artificial snowstorm and the sound of howling wolves. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201268-53) The show resumed with Look 54, a bodice made of rock crystal worn with McQueen's signature low-rise " bumster (/wiki/Bumster) " trousers in white, followed by another eleven looks all in white. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201268-53) The show earned a standing ovation (/wiki/Standing_ovation) , regarded as a rare achievement in the fashion world. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015286-24) [54] (#cite_note-54) Notable pieces [ edit ] The rock crystal bustier and the coiled corset – which McQueen called the "Cossack ensemble" – are the most significant pieces from the show. [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoda200176-55) Both were made using body casts of model Laura Morgan which had been produced for No. 13 by van der Graaf. [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015191–192-56) McQueen was known for giving extremely simple creative briefs (/wiki/Creative_brief) and allowing his collaborators the freedom to interpret them creatively. Van der Graaf recalled his brief for the bodice from Look 54 as being little more than McQueen asking him "how 'bout a crystal bodice?". [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) He thought of rough quartz rock crystals (/wiki/Rock_crystal) , only later learning that McQueen had had Swarovski crystals (/wiki/Swarovski) in mind. He told interviewer Lousie Rytter that McQueen's "brevity gave me room to manoeuvre". [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) Leane built the aluminium corset over the course of six weeks, working 16-hour days. [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) McQueen had requested that he interpret the neck rings (/wiki/Neck_ring) traditionally worn by the Southern Ndebele people (/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_people) into an item that covered the entire torso. Leane had previously made a coiled neck ring for McQueen's Autumn/Winter 1997 collection It's a Jungle Out There . [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) The coiled corset was the largest thing Leane, a goldsmith who normally worked at a much smaller scale, had made up to that point. Each of the more than 90 aluminium coils that went into the corset were individually forged and fitted to the body cast for a precise shape. [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011234-51) [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) The corset was made in two halves which screwed together at the sides. Putting it on or removing it could take up to 15 minutes. [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) The fit was so exact that Morgan, who wore the finished version on the runway, said her "chest pushed against the metal when she breathed in". [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) The restrictive corset limited the wearer's ability to move her head and arms. [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-44) Morgan recalled the experience as empowering: "it's almost like it forces you to pay attention, forces you to be present, and be there, and be what you are. It's very commanding." [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015197-57) Leane recalled that in the excitement after the show, he and McQueen headed to the pub to celebrate and forgot to remove Morgan from the corset until someone came to find them. [20] (#cite_note-:5-20) Curator Clare Phillips described the coiled corset as an example of primitivism in McQueen's work, given its origins in African neck jewellery. She felt it "exudes invulnerability and an untouchable remoteness" while blurring the line between jewellery and clothing. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2015203–204-58) Fashion theorist Harold Koda (/wiki/Harold_Koda) argued that the restrictiveness of the corset was reminiscent of "the stiff hieratic imagery in Russian Orthodox icons (/wiki/Icon) ". [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoda200176-55) Reception [ edit ] Contemporary reception for The Overlook was mostly positive, many critics responding equally well to the runway show and the clothing. [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-:9-60) [61] (#cite_note-:7-61) Several highlighted the collection as the best or most impressive of London Fashion Week that year. [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) [33] (#cite_note-:12-33) [39] (#cite_note-:15-39) [62] (#cite_note-:13-62) Others predicted that it would be remembered as some of McQueen's best work. [41] (#cite_note-:19-41) [63] (#cite_note-:20-63) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , although reputedly difficult to please, said she "adored it" and called it a " tour de force for McQueen". [64] (#cite_note-64) [41] (#cite_note-:19-41) Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) called The Overlook McQueen's "most unashamedly pretty collection to date". [63] (#cite_note-:20-63) Anne-Marie Schiro wrote in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) that the runway show and clothing together had been worth travelling to London for. [60] (#cite_note-:9-60) In the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) , Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) felt the show had everything: "a spectacular presentation, an original interpretation and inventive clothes". [36] (#cite_note-:8-36) In The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) , Jane De Teliga wrote that the "show had a strange, edgy beauty" and called McQueen the "leading light of British fashion". [49] (#cite_note-:11-49) Spencer felt the show would impress even the celebrities in the audience, highlighting the tailored designs in particular. [39] (#cite_note-:15-39) Reviews noted that the collection was both artistic and commercially viable. [62] (#cite_note-:13-62) [65] (#cite_note-:18-65) [66] (#cite_note-:21-66) This was a positive development for McQueen, whose designs were notorious for being creative but unwearable (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unwearable) . [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) Robert O'Byrne of The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) wrote that the "superlative tailoring and cutting of unrivalled mastery" of the designs would appeal to consumers. [62] (#cite_note-:13-62) Mimi Spencer (/wiki/Mimi_Spencer) of the Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) thought the puffer jackets (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) would be a popular item for the winter. [39] (#cite_note-:15-39) Some reviewers felt that the skills McQueen was learning at Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) had influenced the designs for the better. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) [36] (#cite_note-:8-36) [69] (#cite_note-69) Menkes argued that McQueen's time there had enabled him to match his signature styles to the winter theme. [36] (#cite_note-:8-36) Armstrong found the clothing "had a light, assured touch and elegance" that surpassed what McQueen was doing in his collections for Givenchy. [61] (#cite_note-:7-61) The theatrical runway show drew a great deal of critical commentary in its own right. Several critics appreciated how McQueen subverted the audience's expectations by avoiding explicit horror and instead drawing inspiration from the film's unsettling atmosphere. [60] (#cite_note-:9-60) [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) John Davidson at The Herald (/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)) of Glasgow found the lack of shock elements to be evidence of McQueen's growing maturity. [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) He wrote that McQueen's designs gave the skating portion a "poetic quality", elevating it from kitsch (/wiki/Kitsch) . [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) The staff writer at Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) ( WWD ) said the collection "combined his new romantic mood with those trademark touches of the bizarre". [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Lisa Armstrong (/wiki/Lisa_Armstrong_(writer)) , writing for The Times (/wiki/The_Times) of London, described the paired models from Look 40 as one of the "few freakish McQueen moments" from a show whose mood was otherwise romantic. [61] (#cite_note-:7-61) The WWD staff and Armstrong felt that McQueen had achieved the difficult feat of topping his critically acclaimed previous collection, No. 13. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) [61] (#cite_note-:7-61) O'Byrne called it McQueen's "best show in years". [62] (#cite_note-:13-62) The Overlook attracted some criticism for being unrealistic and using fur. Lou Winwood of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , Karen Hall at the Windsor Star (/wiki/Windsor_Star) , and Jane Moore (/wiki/Jane_Moore) at The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) dismissed all of the collections shown at London Fashion Week that season as being unrealistic and unappealing for everyday consumers, although Winwood did appreciate the runway show. [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) [70] (#cite_note-:17-70) [71] (#cite_note-71) Although O'Byrne's review was positive, he worried that McQueen's penchant for showmanship threatened to overshadow his talent for design. [62] (#cite_note-:13-62) Some critics disliked the showpiece items. Lesley Downer found them "oddities" in an otherwise mature collection, and Hall complained that the coiled corset made its wearer look like she had been "been bound and gagged by Slinkies (/wiki/Slinky) ". [65] (#cite_note-:18-65) [70] (#cite_note-:17-70) Other reviewers disapproved of the use of real fur. Winwood wrote that "animals rights campaigners will be less than impressed" with the rabbit fur and crocodile skin. [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) An unbylined piece in the Scottish Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) complained that McQueen was only using fur to chase publicity, and doubted that it had much appeal for the average British consumer. [31] (#cite_note-:6-31) The show is viewed positively in retrospect. In the biography Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy , Judith Watt regarded it as a commercially oriented collection, as McQueen was about to open a brand-new flagship store. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) She wrote that "some pronounced it his best show" but disagreed; although she found The Overlook aesthetically and narratively successful, she considered Voss (/w/index.php?title=Voss_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1) (Spring/Summer 2001) – also staged in a clear plastic box – to be "the real magic". [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012155-37) Chloe Fox, in her book Vogue on McQueen , called The Overlook evidence that McQueen was "a designer who was increasingly becoming an artist". [72] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201266-72) Journalist Maureen Callahan (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) wrote that it was "some of the most striking work of his career". [73] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014211-73) Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) , another of McQueen's biographers, called The Overlook one of McQueen's "most memorable" shows, along with Voss and No. 13 . [74] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015226-74) Analysis [ edit ] I didn't know that [collections like Overlook ] would change the course of fashion shows, but to be a part of this . . . I don't want to speak for anyone else, but I felt like I was part of something special even before the special thing happened—even just being asked to do it. [You knew] you would kind of have to put your ego aside, and [that] you weren't going to look gorgeous, but everyone was willing to do that. It was art, you know. Model Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) , speaking of The Overlook in a 2018 interview with Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) Curator Claire Wilcox (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) found that the separation created by the Lucite enclosure called to mind the "otherworldly reality of a dream". [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201684-46) Fashion journalist Alex Fury argued that McQueen often staged spectacles that separated the audience from the models in a way that evoked screen-based media such as cinema, offering The Overlook and Voss as examples. [75] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFury2015223–224-75) Literature professor Catherine Spooner cited The Overlook as an example of how McQueen drew Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fiction) influence from films. [76] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015143-76) Fashion historian Alistair O'Neill discussed how The Overlook reflects The Shining in multiple ways. As well as its explicit references to The Shining , The Overlook reflected the film through music and performance elements which evoked the way the film distorted time by presenting scenes that "destabiliz[ed] any sense of how long Jack [Torrance] really has been staying at the hotel". [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) In The Overlook , McQueen's use of the film's soundtrack served to "decelerate and extend" the experience of time within the runway show. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) The skating segment interrupted the usual sequence of a fashion show. It used the same song, "Midnight, the Stars, and You", that played during a time-distortion sequence in the film, connecting the two thematically. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264-28) Finally, O'Neill identifies Look 43 – a plaid wool dress – as referential to McQueen's prior collection Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (Autumn/Winter 1995) and his experience as an apprentice tailor. This, he suggests, blends history with the present in a similar way to the film, slightly distorted like a composite photo (/wiki/Composite_photo) . [77] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264–265-77) He felt the collection "marked a high point" for fashion and for interpreting film through other media. [77] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015264–265-77) Researcher Lisa Skogh noted that McQueen often incorporated concepts and objects which might have appeared in a cabinet of curiosities (/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities) – collections of natural and historical objects that were the precursor to modern museums (/wiki/Museum) . [78] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkogh2015179-78) She identified the quartz crystal bodice in Look 54 as an example of what would be called " artificialia (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artificialia) " in such a context: a man-made object which incorporated "a natural hardstone rarity". [78] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkogh2015179-78) She likened the bodice to an artificial mountain commissioned in the early 17th century by diplomat Philipp Hainhofer (/wiki/Philipp_Hainhofer) as a gift to King Gustavus Adolphus (/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus) of Sweden. [79] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkogh2015179–180-79) Fashion historian Ingrid Loschek regarded The Overlook as an example of how McQueen portrayed "traumata such as isolation and loneliness" through the medium of clothing. [80] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoschek200956-80) Fashion theorists Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas compared The Overlook to What a Merry-Go-Round (/w/index.php?title=What_a_Merry-Go-Round&action=edit&redlink=1) (Autumn/Winter 2001) as narratives of the "loss of childhood innocence". [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeczyKaraminas201983–84-81) Aesthetically, they found The Overlook reminiscent of the White Witch (/wiki/White_Witch) , a villain from the Chronicles of Narnia (/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia) series of children's books. [a] (#cite_note-82) [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeczyKaraminas201983–84-81) Cultural theologian Robert Covolo described McQueen's use of twin models in The Overlook as evidence of McQueen's career-long ambivalence toward conventional standards of beauty. [82] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovolo201435–36-83) Aftermath and legacy [ edit ] Before the show, McQueen had announced that his next collection, Eye (Spring/Summer 2000), would be presented at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) instead of in London. [50] (#cite_note-:16-50) Many fashion journalists were concerned about the potential impact that his departure would have on London Fashion Week. [10] (#cite_note-:14-10) [66] (#cite_note-:21-66) McQueen viewed this as a step toward developing the brand internationally and was clear from the outset that he intended to return to England the following season. [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012160-84) [84] (#cite_note-:132-85) The collection is regarded as one of McQueen's most memorable. In 2015, Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) magazine selected the silver eye makeup from The Overlook as one of McQueen's best catwalk makeup looks. [47] (#cite_note-:0-47) i-D (/wiki/I-D) magazine named it an iconic winter collection in 2017. [38] (#cite_note-:3-38) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) published a retrospective of his career in 2020; discussing it with British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , he selected an image of the model being screwed into the coiled corset as his favourite in the book. He reflected on the contrast captured in the image: "she is almost angelic but being prepared for battle". [85] (#cite_note-86) A 2022 British Vogue article called The Overlook one of McQueen's "most fantastical catwalk moments". [86] (#cite_note-87) When McQueen and Leane participated in the Fashion in Motion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Motion) series at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) (V&A) in 2001, they presented the coiled corset as one of their featured items. [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) The coiled corset was the sole item from The Overlook to appear in the original 2011 staging of the retrospective exhibit Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , courtesy of Shaun Leane; it also appeared at the revised 2015 staging at the V&A. [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011234-51) Leane called it his favourite item from the exhibition. [87] (#cite_note-88) A puffer jacket (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) from Look 10 appeared in the 2022 exhibit Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Alexander_McQueen:_Mind,_Mythos,_Muse&action=edit&redlink=1) , where curators compared it to a quilted, puffy eiderdown (/wiki/Down_feather) jacket made by British designer Charles James (/wiki/Charles_James_(designer)) in 1937. [88] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen2022119-89) In 2017, Leane auctioned a number of pieces he had created for the house at Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) in New York. [89] (#cite_note-90) The coiled corset sold for $807,000. [23] (#cite_note-Vogue2018-23) [90] (#cite_note-91) An invitation to the show sold at RR Auction (/wiki/RR_Auction) in 2021 for a reported $500. [91] (#cite_note-92) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-82) The authors incorrectly refer to the character as the "Ice Queen". [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeczyKaraminas201983–84-81) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-BBCSixWays_1-0) Vaidyanathan, Rajini (12 February 2010). "Six ways Alexander McQueen changed fashion" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) . BBC Magazine (/wiki/BBC_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100222201747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) from the original on 22 February 2010 . Retrieved 6 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14_2-0) Frankel 2011 (#CITEREFFrankel2011) , pp. 13–14. ^ (#cite_ref-:172_3-0) "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:182_4-0) Mora, Juliana Luna; Berry, Jess (2 September 2022). "Creative Direction Succession in Luxury Fashion: The Illusion of Immortality at Chanel and Alexander McQueen" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039) . Luxury . 9 (2–3): 126, 128, 132. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2051-1817 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1817) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleason201210_5-0) Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201613_6-0) Fairer & Wilcox 2016 (#CITEREFFairerWilcox2016) , p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoschek200981_7-0) Loschek 2009 (#CITEREFLoschek2009) , p. 81. ^ (#cite_ref-doig_8-0) Doig, Stephen (30 January 2023). "How Alexander McQueen changed the world of fashion – by the people who knew him best" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230130171757/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/how-alexander-mcqueen-changed-world-fashion-people-who-knew/) . 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New York City: Race Point Publishing (/wiki/Race_Point_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61058-837-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 783147416 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783147416) . Koda, Harold (/wiki/Harold_Koda) (2001). Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed . New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-10312-0 . Loschek, Ingrid (2009). When Clothes Become Fashion: Design and Innovation Systems . Oxford: Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/9781847883681 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F9781847883681) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85785-144-4 . Retrieved 5 January 2023 . Thomas, Dana (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) (2015). Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York City: Penguin Publishing (/wiki/Penguin_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 951153602 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951153602) . Watt, Judith (2012). Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy . New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) , ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Evans, Caroline. "Modelling McQueen: Hard Grace". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 189–202. Fury, Alex. "Show, and Tell". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 220–233. Miller, Janice. "Making-Up". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 234–241. O'Neill, Alistair. "The Shining and Chic". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 261–280. Phillips, Clare. "Armouring the Body". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 202–209. Skogh, Lisa. "Museum of the Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 178–188. Spooner, Catherine. "A Gothic Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 141–158. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1310585849 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310585849) . Young, Caroline; Martin, Ann (2017). Tartan + Tweed . London: Frances Lincoln Limited (/wiki/Frances_Lincoln_Limited) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7112-3822-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 947020251 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947020251) . 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Belgian fashion model (born 1997) Flore Pensaert Flore Pensaert crowned as Miss Rebelgium Born Flore Danny Marie-Joseph Pensaert ( 1997-10-02 ) 2 October 1997 (age 26) Ghent (/wiki/Ghent) , East-Flanders, Belgium Occupations Model Actress Activist Years active 1997–present Modeling information Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Hair color Light Brown Eye color Hazel Signature Full Name Signiture of Flore Pensaert Flore Danny Marie-Joseph Pensaert (born 2nd of October (/wiki/October_2) 1997 (/wiki/1997) ) is a Flemish (/wiki/Flemish_dialects) speaking Belgian (/wiki/Belgium) model, actress and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) personality. On top of that, she's an activist against sexual abuse. In 2023 she was crowned Miss Rebelgium by P-Magazine (/wiki/P-Magazine) as recognition for her efforts. Biografie [ edit ] Flore was born in Ghent (/wiki/Ghent) and grew up as the youngest of 3 siblings in Lokeren (/wiki/Lokeren) . While growing up, she combined her studies of Social Sciences (/wiki/Social_science) at Sint-Lodewijkscollege (/wiki/Sint-Lodewijkscollege_(Lokeren)) with participating in art competitions such as Kunstbende, where she won prizes in the categories Film, Photo, Performance, Visual & Text. [1] (#cite_note-1) She also yearly joined poetry performances organized by the local poetry club. [2] (#cite_note-2) As a photography student at night school (/wiki/Night_school) CVO Leerstad, she often posed for classmates, inspiring her to become a professional model and influencer (/wiki/Influencer) . The summaries of these activities became the basis for her further studies. Activist [ edit ] #Metoo [ edit ] In 2015 (/wiki/2015) Flore started her filmstudies at RITCS School Of Arts in Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) . During this period, she witnessed various cases of sexual abuse [3] (#cite_note-3) . When the #Metoo movement (/wiki/MeToo_movement) reached it's peak in Belgium, Pensaert explained her experiences on national talkshow Van Gils & gasten [4] (#cite_note-4) . Later on, a statement was put out by Pensaert on her Instagram that her testimony had created a blacklisting (/wiki/Blacklisting) effect within the film industry against her. Ever since she shared her mental health struggles openly with the public on her socials (/wiki/Social_media) . Miss Rebelgium [ edit ] In 2023 (/wiki/2023) Pensaert joined Miss Belgium (/wiki/Miss_Belgium) . However, she soon got removed from the competition after claims from the board that her image as an artistic nude model (/wiki/Nude_model) wouldn't fit the pageantry [5] (#cite_note-5) . At that exact moment Belgian media ( VRT NWS Journaal (/wiki/VRT_NWS_Journaal) ) broke the news that the main photographer of Miss Belgium had sexually abused contestants & that most contestants were underage upon joining [6] (#cite_note-6) . In an interview with P-Magazine, Pensaert stated she had helped release this news to the outside world since she had known about this abuse (/wiki/Abuse) for a while, and that she never meant to win the competition. P-Magazine crowned her as Miss Rebelgium (a play on the words rebel and Belgium) as a parodic recognition of her efforts on her 26th birthday, making her covergirl of October (/wiki/October) 2023 [7] (#cite_note-7) . In oktober 2023 Pensaert released a calendar (/wiki/Calendar) with various ex-contestants of Miss Belgium to demand a discontinuation of sexual and financial abuse within the pageantry world. The calendar was sold for a National good cause called De Warmste Week [8] (#cite_note-8) . Until this day Pensaert makes efforts to demand better treatment of vulnerable people within the arts. Trivia [ edit ] In 2019 (/wiki/2019) Flore could be seen in television Program Spoed 24/7 with her father. Doctors feared she has cancer, but this ended up being a lymph node infection. In 2023 (/wiki/2023) Flore appeared in My Body & Me, a section of Belgian magazine Flair, wherein she talks about her relationship with her body. [9] (#cite_note-9) Flore ran catwalks for Leicester (/wiki/Leicester) Fashion Week as well as London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 2022 (/wiki/2022) & 2023 (/wiki/2023) . Filmography [ edit ] De Buurtpolitie (/w/index.php?title=Echte_Verhalen:_De_Buurtpolitie&action=edit&redlink=1) - actress (2017) Van Gils & gasten (/w/index.php?title=Van_Gils_%26_gasten&action=edit&redlink=1) - as herself (2017) The Line-Up - actress (2019) Spoed 24/7 (/w/index.php?title=Spoed_24/7&action=edit&redlink=1) - as herself (2019) VRT NWS Journaal (/wiki/VRT_NWS_Journaal) - as herself (2023) External Links [ edit ] Official website of Flore Pensaert (https://florepensaert.weebly.com/about.html) Instagram of Flore Pensaert (https://www.instagram.com/florepensaert/) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Delaet, Margot. "Afscheid van Kunstbende: een lofrede" (https://www.stampmedia.be/artikel/afscheid-van-kunstbende-een-lofrede) . stampmedia.be . Newsmonkey & Jongerenplaneet . Retrieved 29 May 2017 . "Kunstbende Finale!" (https://www.destudio.com/nl/nieuws/kunstbende-finale) . destudio.com . Villanella . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) De Spiegeleir, Yannick. "Dichters ontmoeten publiek op Gedichtendag" (https://www.hln.be/lokeren/dichters-ontmoeten-publiek-op-gedichtendag~a17f59dd/) . hln.be . Het Laatste Nieuws . Retrieved 27 January 2017 . Bogaert, Marc (4 February 2014). "Lokerse poëzie als afsluiter week van de poëzie" (https://waaskrant.be/nieuws/23104-lokerse-poezie-als-afsluiter-week-van-de-poezie) . waaskrant.be . Waaskrant . Retrieved 4 February 2014 . De Spiegeleir, Yannick. "Dichters declareren tussen pot en pint" (https://www.hln.be/lokeren/dichters-declameren-tussen-pot-en-pint~aee5661c/) . hln.be . Het Laatste Nieuws . Retrieved 26 January 2015 . Cowle, Lieselotte. "Zele focust op tragische liefde en verliefdheid in gedichten" (https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20140122_00941585) . nieuwblad.be . Het Nieuwsblad . Retrieved 29 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Vlaamse filmstudente getuigt over wantoestanden in industrie: "Ik ben sociaal gelyncht toen ik mijn verhaal deed" (https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20171111_03180969) " (https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20171111_03180969) . Het Nieuwsblad (in Flemish). 11 November 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052520/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20171111_03180969) from the original on 16 March 2019 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Grensoverschrijdend Gedrag en Victim Blaming - Van Gils en Gasten (in Dutch). 17 December 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240102094958/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqWZHjVrLg8) from the original on 2 January 2024 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Kandidate van Miss België uit wedstrijd gezet: "Naaktfoto's tijdens wedstrijd zijn niet toegelaten" (https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20230819_92559672) " (https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20230819_92559672) . Het Nieuwsblad (in Flemish). 19 August 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230824220127/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20230819_92559672) from the original on 24 August 2023 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) NWS, VRT (19 August 2023). "Fotograaf Miss België dringt bij kandidates aan voor naakte fotoshoots: "Enkel gratis als je je bh uittrekt" (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/17/miss-belgie-fotograaf/) " (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/17/miss-belgie-fotograaf/) . vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231123131647/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/08/17/miss-belgie-fotograaf/) from the original on 23 November 2023 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "EXCLUSIEF: P-magazine kroont Flore Pensaert tot Miss Rebelgium!" (https://pnws.be/exclusief-p-magazine-kroont-flore-pensaert-miss-rebelgium/) (in Dutch). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240102162235/https://pnws.be/exclusief-p-magazine-kroont-flore-pensaert-miss-rebelgium/) from the original on 2 January 2024 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ex-kandidates Miss-verkiezingen maken aan kasteel Rivierenhof in Deurne ludieke kalender om wantoestanden aan te klagen" (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/10/28/ex-kandidates-miss-verkiezingen-maken-humoristische-kalender-om/) . vrtnws.be (in Dutch). 28 October 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231105190900/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/10/28/ex-kandidates-miss-verkiezingen-maken-humoristische-kalender-om/) from the original on 5 November 2023 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Ex-Miss België-kandidate Flore Pensaert: «Ik ben fier op mijn billen, maar heb net als iedereen wat cellulitis»" (https://www.metrotime.be/nl/showbizz/ex-miss-belgie-kandidate-flore-pensaert-ik-ben-fier-op-mijn-billen-maar-heb-net-als-iedereen-wat-cellulitis) . Metrotime (in Dutch). 7 September 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231001025322/https://www.metrotime.be/nl/showbizz/ex-miss-belgie-kandidate-flore-pensaert-ik-ben-fier-op-mijn-billen-maar-heb-net-als-iedereen-wat-cellulitis) from the original on 1 October 2023 . Retrieved 2 January 2024 . 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Incident during pageant finale The Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 controversy refers to an incident that happened on the night of 4 April 2021, during the grand finale of the Mrs. Sri Lanka pageant in Colombo (/wiki/Colombo) , Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) . The competition ended in bizarre fashion when Pushpika De Silva, who was initially crowned as Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021, unceremoniously had her crown forcibly removed from her head on stage by the previous title holder, Caroline Jurie, who stated that De Silva should be disqualified for being a divorcee, something De Silva denied. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The incident sparked social media reaction and wide media attention. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) De Silva was reinstated as the legitimate winner of the Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 competition and therefore was eligible to compete at the Miss World 2021 beauty contest. [5] (#cite_note-5) Events [ edit ] Mrs. World 2020 Caroline Jurie became subject of controversy after unceremoniously stripping off the crown from Pushpika De Silva. On the night of 4 April 2021, the grand finale of the Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 pageant was held at the Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre (/wiki/Nelum_Pokuna_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Theatre) in Colombo. The event was partially telecast live via Rupavahini (/wiki/Rupavahini) , which is one of Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) 's main national television channels. During the grand finale, contestant number 20, Pushpika De Silva was crowned by the judging panel as the winner of the Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 beauty pageant. She was crowned by Caroline Jurie, the reigning Mrs. World (/wiki/Mrs._World) 2020 and Mrs. Sri Lanka 2020. However, moments after officially announcing the winner of the competition, Jurie rushed to the stage. With microphone in hand, she declared that there is a rule about being married and not divorced, and that she was taking the first steps in saying that the crown goes to the first runner up. [6] (#cite_note-6) She then proceeded to unceremoniously take the crown from De Silva and put it on the head of the first runner-up, Chula Padmendra. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Following the incident, De Silva left the stage in tears, causing outcry and confusion among the public. [10] (#cite_note-10) De Silva reportedly suffered injuries to her head when Jurie forcibly removed her crown. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Aftermath [ edit ] De Silva stated on her Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) account that she was recovering from head injuries after being hospitalised and denied claims that she was a divorcee. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) It was reported that De Silva was separated from her partner for personal reasons. She threatened legal action against those who insulted her during the incident. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) The organisers of the Mrs. Sri Lanka event apologised for the incident and ensured that the crown and cash prize would be presented back to De Silva. [18] (#cite_note-18) On 6 April 2021, the organisers returned the crown and prize to De Silva and issued an apology regarding the controversy. [19] (#cite_note-19) Mrs. World Inc indicated that it deeply regretted Jurie's conduct and warned of investigations to determine further possible actions against Jurie. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) After the incident, De Silva's husband stated in a Facebook post that he had not been involved with her for the past four years and they were finalizing their divorce. The Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror_(Sri_Lanka)) said that De Silva's case had been fixed in court for June or July 2021. On 8 April 2021, Caroline Jurie and runner-up Chula Padmendra were arrested by the police and questioned. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) They were arrested based on three separate counts. [24] (#cite_note-24) However, both of them were released on bail later on the same day. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) After being released on bail, Jurie posted an Instagram video in which she defended her decision and mentioned that she is ready to pass on her Mrs. World crown. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Chula Padmendra mentioned in an interview that there were no auditors and translators in the Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 pageant, and not all contestants were treated equally on stage due to a favoritism scandal as seen by witnesses and other evidence. She said the scandal was to be presented in an upcoming court case in regards to the incident. [29] (#cite_note-29) The Mrs World organization announced later in April that Kate Schneider from Ireland, who was the first runner-up when Jurie won the title, was the winner following Jurie's voluntary resignation as Mrs. World. [30] (#cite_note-30) Jurie remained as a former Mrs. World and was listed in the official booklet of Mrs World 2022. [31] (#cite_note-31) Pushpika De Silva was officially stripped of her title on 8 February 2022 on grounds of 'serious violation of the discipline and the ethical standards expected of a beauty queen.' [32] (#cite_note-32) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Yeung, Jessie. " (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/mrs-sri-lanka-crown-intl-hnk-scli/index.html) 'Mrs. Sri Lanka' pageant controversy erupts after former title holder snatches winner's crown" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/mrs-sri-lanka-crown-intl-hnk-scli/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 pageant ends in melee – winner stripped of crown" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/05/mrs-sri-lanka-2021-pageant-ends-in-melee-winner-stripped-of-crown/) . Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst . 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "On-stage brawl leaves Mrs Sri Lanka winner with head injuries" (https://www.geo.tv/latest/343710-on-stage-brawl-leaves-mrs-sri-lanka-with-head-injuries) . www.geo.tv . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "How International media reported Mrs. Sri Lanka saga" (https://www.newswire.lk/2021/04/08/how-international-media-reporthhed-mrs-sri-lanka-saga/) . NewsWire . 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Scroll Staff (7 April 2021). "Drama at Mrs Sri Lanka pageant as Pushpika de Silva wins, loses crown (injuring her head), then wins" (https://scroll.in/video/991604/drama-at-mrs-sri-lanka-pageant-as-pushpika-de-silva-wins-loses-crown-injuring-her-head-then-wins) . Scroll.in . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Watch: Mrs Sri Lanka beauty queen's crown 'snatched' on stage [video]" (http://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/entertainment/mrs-sri-lanka-beauty-queen-crown-snatched/) . The South African . 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Watch the moment 'Mrs Sri Lanka' crown was stolen" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-56651585) . BBC News . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021 ends in major brawl" (http://www.dailymirror.lk/breaking_news/Mrs-Sri-Lanka-2021-ends-in-major-brawl/108-209306) . www.dailymirror.lk . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Mrs Sri Lanka beauty queen's crown snatched from head over divorce claims" (https://news.sky.com/story/sri-lanka-beauty-queens-crown-snatched-from-head-over-divorce-claims-12267653) . Sky News . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Watch: 'Mrs Sri Lanka' leaves stage in tears after previous winner snatches crown, calls her 'divorcee' (https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/watch-mrs-sri-lanka-leaves-stage-in-tears-after-previous-winner-snatches-crown-7262922/) " (https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/watch-mrs-sri-lanka-leaves-stage-in-tears-after-previous-winner-snatches-crown-7262922/) . The Indian Express . 7 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Sri Lanka beauty queen injured after Mrs. World steals her new crown" (https://globalnews.ca/news/7741003/mrs-world-sri-lanka-beauty-pageant-crown-injured/) . Global News . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56648049) 'Mrs Sri Lanka' beauty queen injured in on-stage bust-up" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56648049) . BBC News . 6 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Mrs Sri Lanka regains title after crown snatched" (https://www.scmp.com/video/asia/3128657/sri-lankan-beauty-queen-regains-crown-snatched-over-false-divorce-claims) . South China Morning Post . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Francisco, Dinuli. "Farcical scenes at Mrs. Sri Lanka pageant 2021" (http://www.dailynews.lk/2021/04/06/local/246004/farcical-scenes-mrs-sri-lanka-pageant-2021) . Daily News . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Mrs World faces police probe after crown tussle with Mrs Sri Lanka" (https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3128678/mrs-world-faces-police-probe-after-crown-tussle-mrs-sri-lanka) . South China Morning Post . 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Sri Lanka's brawling beauties end up at the police station" (https://economynext.com/sri-lankas-brawling-beauties-end-up-at-the-police-station-80427,%20https://economynext.com/sri-lankas-brawling-beauties-end-up-at-the-police-station-80427/) . EconomyNext . 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) " (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/05/did-not-violate-pageant-rules-will-take-legal-action-against-incident-pushpika/) "Did not violate pageant rules, will take legal action against incident" – Pushpika" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/05/did-not-violate-pageant-rules-will-take-legal-action-against-incident-pushpika/) . Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst . 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Pushpika De Silva will be re-crowned as Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021" (http://www.colombopage.com/archive_21A/Apr05_1617644897CH.php) . ColomboPage News . 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Pushpika De Silva re-crowned Mrs. Sri Lanka 2021" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/05/pushpika-de-silva-re-crowned-mrs-sri-lanka-2021/) . Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst . 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Mrs. World Inc regrets Caroline Juries conduct at Mrs. Sri Lanka pageant" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/06/mrs-world-inc-regrets-caroline-juries-conduct-at-mrs-sri-lanka-pageant/) . Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst . 6 April 2021 . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Vyshnavy (6 April 2021). "Mrs. World international to take action against Caroline Jurie | Colombo Gazette" (https://colombogazette.com/2021/04/06/mrs-world-international-to-take-action-against-caroline-jurie/) . Retrieved 7 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Mrs. World Caroline Jurie arrested" (http://www.dailymirror.lk/top_story/Mrs-World-Caroline-Jurie-arrested/155-209630) . Daily Mirror . Sri Lanka. 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 6 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Mrs World Caroline Jurie arrested, following Mrs. Sri Lanka fiasco" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/04/08/mrs-world-caroline-jurie-arrested-following-mrs-sri-lanka-fiasco/) . Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst . 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Mrs World Caroline Jurie & Model Chula arrested" (https://www.newswire.lk/2021/04/08/mrs-world-caroline-jurie-model-chula-arrested/) . NewsWire . 8 April 2021 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Sri Lankan beauty queen released on bail over Mrs World scuffle | DW | 08.04.2021" (https://www.dw.com/en/sri-lankan-beauty-queen-released-on-bail-over-mrs-world-scuffle/a-57136139) . DW.COM . Retrieved 12 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Mrs. World Caroline Jurie, Chula Padmendra granted police bail – UPDATE" (http://www.dailynews.lk/2021/04/08/law-order/246236/mrs-world-caroline-jurie-chula-padmendra-granted-police-bail-update) . Daily News . Retrieved 12 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Pietsch, Bryan (10 April 2021). "After Snatching One Crown, Mrs. World Gives Up Her Own" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/10/world/asia/caroline-jurie-mrs-world.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 10 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Sri Lanka : Mrs World 2020 Caroline Jurie relinquishes her crown" (http://www.colombopage.com/archive_21A/Apr09_1617992568CH.php) . www.colombopage.com . Retrieved 12 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "මටයි Caroline Jurieටයි බොරු දේවල් හදලා වියදම් කරලා මඩගහනවා.තරඟය නැවත පැවැත්විය යුතුයි|Chula |Hari Tv" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI8wEKTMV1M) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Mrs World 2020 title to Ireland as Sri Lanka's Caroline Jurie resigns" (https://economynext.com/mrs-world-2020-title-to-ireland-as-sri-lankas-caroline-jurie-resigns-80978/) . EconomyNext. 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 21 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Daily Mirror Exclusive | Live interview with Tana Johnson" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuuNJI1vxec) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Pushpika De Silva loses 'Mrs. Sri Lanka for Mrs. World' title" (http://newsfirst.lk/2022/02/08/pushpika-de-silva-loses-mrs-sri-lanka-for-mrs-world-title/) . newsfirst.lk . 8 February 2022 . Retrieved 10 February 2022 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mrs._Sri_Lanka_2021_controversy&oldid=1232099116 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mrs._Sri_Lanka_2021_controversy&oldid=1232099116) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2021 in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Category:2021_in_Sri_Lanka) 2021 controversies (/wiki/Category:2021_controversies) Beauty pageant controversies (/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageant_controversies) Beauty pageants in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageants_in_Sri_Lanka) Mrs. World (/wiki/Category:Mrs._World) April 2021 events in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Category:April_2021_events_in_Sri_Lanka) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from May 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021)
Australian fashion designer Beril Jents Born 1918 Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia Died 8 June 2013 (2013-06-08) (aged 94–95) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Beril Jents (1918 – 8 June 2013) [1] (#cite_note-1) was an Australian fashion designer. She is recognized as "Australia’s first queen of haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) " and specialized in evening and bridal wear, [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201037–56-2) although the term "haute couture" is not strictly correct in this context as it refers to high-end made-to-measure fashion design. She was noted in hundreds of features in newspapers and advertisements during her career from the 1930s to 1980s [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayner2006-3) and was patronized by socialites and creatives; the majority from Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) and Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) . International clients included Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Janet Gaynor (/wiki/Janet_Gaynor) , Dame Margot Fonteyn (/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn) , Vivien Leigh (/wiki/Vivien_Leigh) , Eartha Kitt (/wiki/Eartha_Kitt) , Bo Derek (/wiki/Bo_Derek) and Winifred Atwell (/wiki/Winifred_Atwell) . Jents was almost unique as an Australian fashion designer during the '40s and '50s as she did not just copy European or Parisian styles but produced original work. She was recognized by her contemporaries such as Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) . Her most notable and original collections include the Potato Sack of 1947 and Pan Am collection of 1948. Important designs included the peg-bottom trousers inspired by the Zoot Suit. Jents' work has been collected by the Powerhouse Museum and the National Gallery of Victoria. Jents died on 8 June 2013 aged 95. [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] Jents came from a modest background in Sydney, born in 1918. She assisted her mother, Alice Strudwick, in dressmaking and thus first learnt her skills at her side, also acquiring her mother's knowledge of materials. She was an outsider and initially unfamiliar with the high society that she would one day serve. Her next role was as a trainee lithographic artist at Hollander and Govett, Sydney. She then undertook an apprenticeship with Sydney-based French dressmaker Madame Gallet. Here she learnt to cut without a pattern. Gallet closed the business and returned to France in 1934. At the age of 16 Jents opened her studio in Charing Cross (/wiki/Charing_Cross,_New_South_Wales) , Waverley, Sydney. She then moved to the corner of Newland Street, Bondi Junction (/wiki/Bondi_Junction) . For the following 10 years she produced made-to-measure garments for a select clientele. She was acclaimed for the way she cut and constructed sleeves in jackets. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster2006-5) In 1944 the business was formally registered and located in King's Cross, at the time a very bohemian area. Jents collaborated with Sydney-based actors such as Noël Coward (/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward) and Sir Robert Helpmann (/wiki/Robert_Helpmann) . She designed for the leading theatrical plays of her era including The Reluctant Debutante (/wiki/The_Reluctant_Debutante_(play)) , Call Me Madam , Simon and Laura (/wiki/Simon_and_Laura) and Nude with Violin (/wiki/Nude_with_Violin) . [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201052-6) At age 32 she opened a new salon in the St James building in Sydney's city centre. In 1952 she was acknowledged as the ‘pre eminent Australian Fashion Designer’ and invited to represent Australia in an international fashion show in New York City where Norman Hartnell represented England and Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) represented France. This indicates of the calibre of designers invited to participate. Jents did not advertise, preferring to promote herself though word of mouth recommendations. The media reported on her enthusiastically and regularly. It was they who crowned her “Australia’s Queen of Haute Couture” and in 1972 fashion journalist Glenys Bell (/w/index.php?title=Glenys_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1) hailed her as “the sole survivor of Haute Couture in Australia”. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell2011-7) She retired in 1986 - after six decades of work. Inspiration and notable works [ edit ] Jents adapted the looks from Europe and Paris in original designs to suit the Australian lifestyle and dress culture which she described as “much simpler than the European life”. She designed modern clothes which she tried to imbue with a sense of timelessness and as such was well patronised by a younger clientele. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201039-8) Jents was inspired by the rarefied glamour associated with Hollywood films and its stars in the 1930s. The costumes Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) designed for the 1932 film Letty Lynton (/wiki/Letty_Lynton) were very influential, especially one gown of white organdy with large puffed sleeves which sold over 500,000 dresses in the U.S. Jents reproduced this dress in Australia. She said of the design “It planted in my mind another seed for the future, to go on and create glamorous clothes”. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201039-8) Jents liked to drape fabric on the stand and directly on the body and was also inspired by the Parisian couturière Madame Gres (/wiki/Gres) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJents1993-9) Potato Sack (1947) [ edit ] This collection was an early example of sustainability and recycling in high end Australian fashion. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201042–44-10) Large hessian potato sacks were purchased from the local green grocer and then Jents would soak them in the bath and boil them in copper in order to soften them and achieve the desired texture. She described this fabric as “like very coarse linen”. She sewed A-line full skirts and beaded and embroidered them with straw work. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJents1993-9) Academic scholars have suggested parallels with Coco Chanel who used inexpensive jersey fabric for her post World War 1 designs. The entire collection was purchased by Sheila Scotter, buyer at Georges of Collins Street in Melbourne, who was considered an ‘arbiter of good taste’ at the time (as evidenced by her subsequent position as Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Australia's Editor-in-chief.) [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoel1984156-11) Pan Am (1948) [ edit ] This was a collection designed for air travel with Pan American Airlines (/wiki/Pan_American_Airlines) . Jents collaborated to design lightweight travel garments for Pan Am's launch of the Strato-Clipper aeroplane. The collection was black and white and launched in the world's first in flight fashion show. Notable clients [ edit ] Mary Horden (Australian Woman's Weekly fashion editor from 1946 to 1957). Jents admits to making a reproduction of a Dior (/wiki/Dior) design for Mrs Horden. This ‘Peg skirt’ is credited by scholars for making Beril Jents famous. Although it was not an original work it did require strong technical ability. Sydney socialites Betty McInerney and Molly McSweeny. Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Janet Gaynor (/wiki/Janet_Gaynor) , Dame Margot Fonteyn (/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn) and Winifred Atwell (/wiki/Winifred_Atwell) . [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoel1998-12) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartyn1976-13) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard2001-14) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1996-15) [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETellick1975-16) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201037–56-2) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Beryl CAREY" (http://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/obituary.aspx?n=beryl-carey&pid=165412448#fbLoggedOut) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 20 June 2013 . Retrieved 7 August 2013 . ^ a b English & Pomazan 2010 (#CITEREFEnglishPomazan2010) , pp. 37–56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERayner2006_3-0) Rayner 2006 (#CITEREFRayner2006) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Queen of haute couture bows out (http://www.pressreader.com/australia/wentworth-courier/20130626/281758446863935/TextView) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster2006_5-0) Foster 2006 (#CITEREFFoster2006) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201052_6-0) English & Pomazan 2010 (#CITEREFEnglishPomazan2010) , pp. 52. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell2011_7-0) Bell 2011 (#CITEREFBell2011) . ^ a b English & Pomazan 2010 (#CITEREFEnglishPomazan2010) , pp. 39. ^ a b Jents 1993 (#CITEREFJents1993) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglishPomazan201042–44_10-0) English & Pomazan 2010 (#CITEREFEnglishPomazan2010) , pp. 42–44. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoel1984156_11-0) Joel 1984 (#CITEREFJoel1984) , pp. 156. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoel1998_12-0) Joel 1998 (#CITEREFJoel1998) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartyn1976_13-0) Martyn 1976 (#CITEREFMartyn1976) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaynard2001_14-0) Maynard 2001 (#CITEREFMaynard2001) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1996_15-0) Mitchell 1996 (#CITEREFMitchell1996) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETellick1975_16-0) Tellick 1975 (#CITEREFTellick1975) . References [ edit ] Bell, G (6 March 2011). "Alone at the top of haute couture". The National Times . English, Bonnie; Pomazan, Liliana, eds. (2010). Australian Fashion Unstitched . New York: Cambridge University Press. Foster, L (2006). Interview by L. Pomazan . Sydney. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) Hamilton, H (July 1986). " 'The Jents set' ". Harpers Bazaar . Jents, B (1993). Little Ol' Beryl from Bondi . Sydney: MacMillan. Joel, A (1984). Best Dressed: 200 Years of Fashion in Australia . Sydney: Collins. Joel, A (1998). Parade: The story of Fashion in Australia . Sydney: Harper Collins. Martyn, R (1976). The Look: Australian Women in their Fashion . Sydney: Cassell. Maynard, M (2001). Out of Line: Australian Women in their Fashion . Sydney: UNSW Press. Mitchell, L (1996). Christian Dior: The Magic of Fashion, exhibition catalogue . Sydney: Powerhouse Museum. Rayner, M (16 February 2006). "Verbatim "Beril Jents: Australia's Queen of Haute Couture of 1998' ". ABC Radio National . Tellick, Peggy (1975). " 'A down to earth Queen of Couture' ". The National Times . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/365540/) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/275374827) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjhCFDtT76KD9HygPcVmd) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95112474) Artists Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/17736/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐vh7hf Cached time: 20240717221605 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.573 seconds Real time usage: 0.708 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3094/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28359/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2470/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47648/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.380/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7546013/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 668.409 1 -total 23.51% 157.166 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.97% 100.041 1 Template:Reflist 14.91% 99.652 4 Template:Cite_news 14.50% 96.930 1 Template:Authority_control 13.44% 89.824 17 Template:Sfn 13.10% 87.585 1 Template:Short_description 7.75% 51.823 8 Template:Cite_book 7.30% 48.776 2 Template:Pagetype 7.08% 47.352 34 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32789840-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717221605 and revision id 1123037878. 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Overview of the events of 2001 in red carpet fashion List of years in red carpet fashion … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) 1991 (/w/index.php?title=1991_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1992 (/w/index.php?title=1992_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1993 (/w/index.php?title=1993_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1994 (/w/index.php?title=1994_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1995 (/w/index.php?title=1995_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1996 (/w/index.php?title=1996_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1997 (/w/index.php?title=1997_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1998 (/w/index.php?title=1998_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1999 (/w/index.php?title=1999_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2000 (/wiki/2000_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2001 2002 (/wiki/2002_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2003 (/w/index.php?title=2003_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2004 (/w/index.php?title=2004_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005 (/w/index.php?title=2005_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006 (/w/index.php?title=2006_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2007 (/wiki/2007_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2008 (/wiki/2008_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2009 (/wiki/2009_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2010 (/w/index.php?title=2010_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 (/w/index.php?title=2011_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) Art (/wiki/2001_in_art) Archaeology (/wiki/2001_in_archaeology) Architecture (/wiki/2001_in_architecture) Literature (/wiki/2001_in_literature) Music (/wiki/2001_in_music) Philosophy (/wiki/2001_in_philosophy) Science (/wiki/2001_in_science) +... (/wiki/Category:2001) Björk at the 2001 Oscars in her swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) One of the most widely publicised red carpet outfits in 2001 was the distinctive swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) worn by the singer Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) to the Oscars (/wiki/Academy_Awards) . The September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) and outbreak of the War in Afghanistan (/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)) led to the postponement of the Emmys until November 4, when a subdued ceremony was held, with attendees asked to wear suits. [1] (#cite_note-carter-1) [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) This was the first time that such a request had been made of attendees of a major award ceremony since the 1942 Oscars (/wiki/14th_Academy_Awards) followed the attack on Pearl Harbor (/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor) . [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) Golden Globe Awards (January 21) [ edit ] Fashions at the 58th Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/58th_Golden_Globe_Awards) were reviewed in an E! (/wiki/E!) television programme hosted by Joan (/wiki/Joan_Rivers) and Melissa Rivers (/wiki/Melissa_Rivers) and a panel of fashion experts. [3] (#cite_note-3) Academy Awards (March 25) [ edit ] The theme of the gowns at the 73rd Academy Awards (/wiki/73rd_Academy_Awards) was described as "grown-up glamour", namely, full length corset-style strapless dresses emphasising curvaceous figures, worn with wraps and statement jewellery. [4] (#cite_note-jess-4) One notable exception was Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) in a white satin tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) by Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [4] (#cite_note-jess-4) Both Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) and Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) wore vintage dresses. Zellweger's yellow chiffon dress was a 1959 design by Jean Dessès (/wiki/Jean_Dess%C3%A8s) from the vintage dealer Lily et Cie, [5] (#cite_note-5) whilst Roberts wore a black and white Valentino dress (/wiki/Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) originally designed in 1992. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Wilson2003-7) In 2008 Debenhams listed both dresses in their poll results for the top 20 'iconic red carpet dresses of all time', Roberts 3rd, and Zellweger 19th. [8] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-8) Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) said at the time that seeing Roberts collect her Oscar while wearing his gown was a particular high point of his 45-year career: "I have dressed so many people but I have to be sincere. The person that made me feel so very, very happy was Julia Roberts. When she got the Academy Award for Erin Brockovich (/wiki/Erin_Brockovich_(film)) I watched it on television and really I was so excited that she appeared in my dress." [9] (#cite_note-Telegraph-9) Roberts' dress was cited as an influence on prom dresses (/wiki/Prom_dresses) throughout the United States that year. [10] (#cite_note-DamhorstMiller-Spillman2005-10) Less successful designs included Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) 's "fussy" Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) dress and ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) and Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) in a Chanel dress featuring a sheer chiffon top and a "slightly frumpy" skirt and mink (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur#Mink) false eyelashes (/wiki/False_eyelashes) . [4] (#cite_note-jess-4) [11] (#cite_note-11) Male fashion wise, Russell Crowe (/wiki/Russell_Crowe) was criticised for his ribbon bow-tie and hairstyle apparently inspired by Buddy Holly (/wiki/Buddy_Holly) , which the Guardian correspondent compared unfavourably to the outfits worn by other male attendees, such as Tom Hanks (/wiki/Tom_Hanks) 's "sleek" Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) and Jamie Bell (/wiki/Jamie_Bell) in a Dior black suit, co-ordinating black shirt and tie. [4] (#cite_note-jess-4) One of the most memorable dresses of 2001 was the swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) worn by the singer Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) . Marjan Pejoski (/wiki/Marjan_Pejoski) 's design resembled a giant swan wrapped around the wearer, and achieved great notoriety, being talked about, referenced and parodied in a number of sources (/wiki/Swan_dress_of_Bj%C3%B6rk#In_popular_media) for years after the event. Emmys (November 4) [ edit ] Originally scheduled for September 16, the event was postponed due to the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , rescheduled for October 7, which was again postponed due to the start of the War in Afghanistan (/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)) . Eventually, the 53rd Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/53rd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) were held November 4 at the Shubert Theater (/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The ceremony was unsurprisingly subdued and low key, without a red carpet, and with attendees requested to wear " dressy business attire (/wiki/Informal_attire) " as per the Academy's wishes. [1] (#cite_note-carter-1) [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) [13] (#cite_note-jam-13) This was the first time that attendees of a major award ceremony had been requested to wear suits since the 14th Academy Awards (/wiki/14th_Academy_Awards) in 1942 followed the attack on Pearl Harbor (/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor) . [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) It was described as a multimillion-dollar blow to the fashion industry with a spokeswoman for Harry Winston (/wiki/Harry_Winston,_Inc.) and the red-carpet-gown copyist Allen Schwartz both stating that they stood to lose huge amounts of publicity as a result. [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) Designers such as Schwartz and Eduardo Lucero (/wiki/Eduardo_Lucero) , who had already created gowns for Lorna Luft (/wiki/Lorna_Luft) and Marla Sokoloff (/wiki/Marla_Sokoloff) , had to design alternative suits for their clients at short notice. [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) Lucero predicted that Emmy fashion would consist of modest designs in black or dark colours such as burgundy and navy. [2] (#cite_note-blow-2) Joan River's red carpet show for E! was also cancelled. [13] (#cite_note-jam-13) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Carter, Chelsea J. (23 September 2002). "Emmy Awards return with glitz and glamour" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=o7AsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dB8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6917,1993652&dq=emmy+fashions+red+carpet&hl=en) . The Star . Retrieved 23 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g De Witt, Barbara (5 October 2001). "Dress Down Emmy Edict a Blow to Fashion Industry" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8ctOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jf0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4984,1798525&dq=golden-globes+fashion&hl=en) . Lakeland Ledger . Retrieved 6 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "2001 Golden Globes Fashion Review" (http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/457610/2001-Golden-Globes-Fashion-Review/) . Turner Classic Movies . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cartner-Morley, Jess (26 March 2001). "Oscar fashion: The winners and losers" (https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/mar/26/awardsandprizes.fashion) . The Guardian . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Goodyear, Dana (March 19, 2007). "This Old Thing? How Hollywood Went Secondhand" (http://cameronsilver.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Goodyear-Silver_39.pdf) (PDF) . The New Yorker . Retrieved 15 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) The New Yorker . New Yorker Magazine, inc. 2007. p. 84 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Wilson2003_7-0) Wilson, Elizabeth (12 September 2003). Adorned in dreams: fashion and modernity . I.B.Tauris. p. 251. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-86064-921-9 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph08_8-0) Khan, Urmee (9 October 2008), "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/3167702/Liz-Hurley-safety-pin-dress-voted-the-greatest-dress.html) , The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , retrieved 1 May 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_9-0) "Valentino pays tribute to Julia Roberts at Venice Film Festival" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/2638802/Valentino-pays-tribute-to-Julia-Roberts-at-Venice-Film-Festival.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 28 August 2008 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-DamhorstMiller-Spillman2005_10-0) Damhorst, Mary Lynn; Miller-Spillman, Kimberly A.; Michelman, Susan O. (30 March 2005). The meanings of dress . Fairchild Publications. p. 203 (https://archive.org/details/meaningsofdress0000damh/page/203) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-56367-366-5 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Best Oscar Dresses of All Time: Jennifer Lopez" (http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/best-oscar-fashion-of-all-time/jennifer-lopez-oscars-2001/) . Celebuzz . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Emmys confirm new date" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/1606186.stm) . BBC News . 18 October 2001 . Retrieved 6 July 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Brioux, Bill (7 October 2001). "Emmy dresses down" (https://archive.today/20130115092524/http://jam.canoe.ca/Television/TV_Shows/E/Emmy_Awards_2001/2001/10/07/734411.html) . Canoe Jam! . Archived from the original (http://jam.canoe.ca/Television/TV_Shows/E/Emmy_Awards_2001/2001/10/07/734411.html) on January 15, 2013 . Retrieved 6 July 2012 . 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Clothing company focused on kids clothing Tootsa MacGinty The Tootsa MacGinty logo Company type Private Industry Retail Founder Kate Pietrasik Headquarters London , UK Area served UK and Ireland, USA, France, Russia, Italy, and Australia Key people Dan Shaw Products Children's clothes Owner Inc Retail (https://www.incretail.com) Number of employees 4 Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Inc & Co (https://www.incandco.com) Website tootsamacginty (http://tootsamacginty.com/) .com (http://tootsamacginty.com/) Tootsa MacGinty is a clothing company that makes unisex clothes for children between the ages of 0 and 8. History [ edit ] The company was started by womenswear designer Kate Pietrasik in 2011. It is one of the first to bring unisex kidswear to the market in the UK. [1] (#cite_note-GuardianTop10-1) In 2013 the company introduced its first adult item, in response to enquiries. [2] (#cite_note-2) Pietrasik had previously worked designing streetwear and sportswear for brands including Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_Corporation) and Roxy (/wiki/Roxy_(clothing)) . The company currently consists of Pietrasik, her two parents, and a PR and Brand Manager. She says she was inspired to create unisex children's clothing after being shocked by the gender segregated children's clothing available in the UK High Street, after having lived in France for 10 years where the situation was less pronounced. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Tootsa MacGinty manufactures its clothes in Portugal. [1] (#cite_note-GuardianTop10-1) Collaboration [ edit ] The company has collaborated with UK environmental campaign group, Surfers Against Sewage (/wiki/Surfers_Against_Sewage) , to produce a series of fundraising T-shirts. [5] (#cite_note-5) Beyond using social media, trade fairs and word-of-mouth marketing, the company doesn't advertise. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2021, Tootsa was purchased by Inc Retail, which is part of Inc & Co. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b (29 April 2013) Top 10 ethical places to shop for children's clothes | 3 - Top Tootsa (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2013/apr/29/top-10-ethical-shop-childrens-clothes) theguardian.com ^ (#cite_ref-2) (1 November 2013) Top five: a company of foxes | Jumper, from tootsamacginty.com (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/nov/01/top-five-fox-themed) theguardian.com ^ (#cite_ref-3) (7 February 2012) Are we letting our little girls down by dressing them in pink? (http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/letting-little-girls-down-dressing-2041305) Wales Online (/wiki/Wales_Online) ^ (#cite_ref-4) (30 June 2011) Unisex fashion: Hey boy, hey girl (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/unisex-fashion-hey-boy-hey-girl-2304808.html) The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Surfers Against Sewage website - Tootsa MacGinty (http://www.sas.org.uk/tootsa-macginty-sas-kids-collection/) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hindmarsh, Luci McQuitty (October 8, 2013) Meet Kate Pietrasik of children’s wear label Tootsa MacGinty (http://www.motherwifeme.com/business-mums-kate-pietrasik-of-childrens-wear-label-tootsa-macginty/) motherwifeme.com ^ (#cite_ref-7) 22 June, 2021 Tootsa MacGinty acquired by Inc Retail Group - Drapers (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/tootsa-macginty-acquired-by-inc-retail-group/) External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://tootsamacginty.com/) Baby Boy Clothes (https://www.cowpuncherbabe.com/blogs/news/baby-clothes-are-an-essential-part) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6cc9f7fdd7‐2pjdx Cached time: 20240715191441 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.205 seconds Real time usage: 0.536 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1325/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11126/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1566/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5943/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2485977/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 487.731 1 -total 56.51% 275.612 1 Template:Infobox_company 53.00% 258.516 1 Template:Infobox 39.05% 190.445 1 Template:Short_description 26.17% 127.632 7 Template:Main_other 25.44% 124.075 1 Template:SDcat 11.14% 54.332 1 Template:URL 9.90% 48.295 2 Template:Pagetype 3.43% 16.736 1 Template:Reflist 1.96% 9.581 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42110130-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715191441 and revision id 1160432132. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Snowmobile_suit) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Snowmobile suit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Snowmobile+suit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Snowmobile+suit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Snowmobile+suit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Snowmobile+suit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Snowmobile+suit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Snowmobile+suit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Snowmobile drivers wearing snowmobile suits in Minnesota. A snowmobile suit is a suit designed to be worn when riding a snowmobile (/wiki/Snowmobile) . It is often similar to a one-piece snowsuit (/wiki/Snowsuit) but specially made to not just insulate against snow and water but also to protect the rider from the wind while riding. The design often draws inspiration from both motorcycle suits (/wiki/Motorcycle_personal_protective_equipment) and ski suits (/wiki/Ski_suit) . A snowmobile suit may be constructed as a one piece,hybrid(jacket/pant with a zip-together function), or a two piece garment. One piece suits are typically warmer than two piece suits, as air intrusion between jacket/pants is minimized. Snowmobile suits may be uninsulated shells(meant to be worn over a base/mid layer), or may be fully insulated. The outer layers of snowmobile suits are usually a treated polyester, nylon, or may be leather. These outer layers are designed to be water resistant, as well as abrasion resistant. One piece suits may be constructed with a large zipper closure(#5,#8, #10 aluminum/plastic/waterproof), which may run the full length of the garment(neck to left/right ankle), or may have a centre/offset zipper that runs to the base of the torso, and have outer leg side zippers that run from the ankle to the knees, or hips. Two piece suits will have a zipper front jacket, and pants with outer leg side zippers. One piece suits may contain a sewn-in suspender systems to aid in weight distribution of the garment, and to aid in wearer comfort. One and two piece suits will also contain features such as sewn in/removable hoods, many internal/external pockets, storm cuffs at wrist, and ankle(to minimize snow/air intrusion), and internal or external draft stopping flaps over the zippers. Suits are constructed in many colours and patterns to suit the riders preference. All contemporary snowmobile manufacturers make, and sell branded suits as well. Suits will also contain safety features, such as the ability to keep the rider afloat, should they break through ice into water. Most suits will have some amount of reflective material on them, to allow the rider to be visible at night, or in low light conditions. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Dress for Safety" (https://www.snowmobile-ed.com/indiana/studyGuide/Dress-for-Safety/501016_90556/) . www.snowmobile-ed.com . Retrieved 2024-01-04 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Vestment (/wiki/Vestment) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roman Catholic vestments (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_vestments) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐pz2lm Cached time: 20240720175938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.077 seconds Real time usage: 0.193 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 152/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3150/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 340/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180380/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 182.702 1 -total 74.56% 136.219 1 Template:Commonscat 72.10% 131.737 1 Template:Sister_project 70.03% 127.943 1 Template:Side_box 56.59% 103.400 2 Template:If_then_show 25.36% 46.332 1 Template:Cat_main Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1978389-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720175938 and revision id 1177173364. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. E Eucharistic vestments (/wiki/Category:Eucharistic_vestments) ‎ (8 P) P Papal vestments (/wiki/Category:Papal_vestments) ‎ (1 C, 18 P) Pages in category "Roman Catholic vestments" The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Pontifical vestments (/wiki/Pontifical_vestments) A Alb (/wiki/Alb) Almuce (/wiki/Almuce) Amice (/wiki/Amice) B Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Buskin (/wiki/Buskin) Butler-Bowden Cope (/wiki/Butler-Bowden_Cope) C Cassock-alb (/wiki/Cassock-alb) Chasuble (/wiki/Chasuble) Cincture (/wiki/Cincture) Cope (/wiki/Cope) D Dalmatic (/wiki/Dalmatic) E Episcopal gloves (/wiki/Episcopal_gloves) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) F Fragments of a Cope with the Seven Sacraments (/wiki/Fragments_of_a_Cope_with_the_Seven_Sacraments) G Gremiale (/wiki/Gremiale) H Humeral veil (/wiki/Humeral_veil) L Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) M Maniple (vestment) (/wiki/Maniple_(vestment)) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) P Pallium (/wiki/Pallium) Piviale dei Pappagalli (/wiki/Piviale_dei_Pappagalli) R Rationale (vestment) (/wiki/Rationale_(vestment)) S Steeple Aston Cope (/wiki/Steeple_Aston_Cope) Stole (vestment) (/wiki/Stole_(vestment)) Surplice (/wiki/Surplice) T The Wintour vestments (/wiki/The_Wintour_vestments) Tunicle (/wiki/Tunicle) V Vimpa (/wiki/Vimpa) Z Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roman_Catholic_vestments&oldid=1177173364 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roman_Catholic_vestments&oldid=1177173364) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Mass in the Catholic Church (/wiki/Category:Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church) Christian vestments (/wiki/Category:Christian_vestments) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Perfume by Christian Dior Fahrenheit Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_(fashion_house)) Released 1988 Label Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) Tagline (/wiki/Tagline) L'homme infiniment Website Fahrenheit (http://www.dior.com/beauty/fr_fr/parfum-et-beaute/parfum/les-parfums-pour-homme/fahrenheit/fr-fahrenheitfpl-fahrenheit.html) Fahrenheit is a perfume for men produced by Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The fragrance was introduced in 1988. [2] (#cite_note-2) It was created by the perfumers (/wiki/Perfumer) Maurice Roger and Jean-Louis Sieuzac. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fahrenheit Christian Dior – produits beauté et Fragrance Dior" (http://www.dior.com/beauty/fr_fr/parfum-et-beaute/parfum/parfum-pour-homme/fahrenheit/fr-fahrenheitfpl-fahrenheit.html) . dior.com (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) . Retrieved 11 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dior Fahrenheit Absolute Incandescent nature" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150323021600/http://www.lvmh.com/lvmh-news/news/fahrenheit-absolute-a-new-journey-a-new-intensity-by-dior) . LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) . 7 July 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.lvmh.com/lvmh-news/news/fahrenheit-absolute-a-new-journey-a-new-intensity-by-dior) on 23 March 2015 . Retrieved 11 January 2014 . External links [ edit ] Fahrenheit (http://www.basenotes.net/ID26120610.html) at Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) Dior Fahrenheit (https://www.herren-und-damen.de/en/dior-fahrenheit/) at herren-und-damen (/w/index.php?title=Herren-und-damen&action=edit&redlink=1) hide v t e Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) pour femme Miss Dior (/wiki/Miss_Dior) (1947) Diorissimo (/wiki/Diorissimo) (1956) Diorling (/wiki/Diorling) (1963) Diorella (/wiki/Diorella) (1972) Dior Dior (/w/index.php?title=Dior_Dior&action=edit&redlink=1) (1976) Poison (/wiki/Poison_(perfume)) (1985) Dune (/wiki/Dune_(perfume)) (1991) J'Adore (/wiki/J%27Adore_(fragrance)) (1999) Miss Dior Chérie (/wiki/Miss_Dior_Ch%C3%A9rie) (2005) pour homme Eau Sauvage (/wiki/Eau_Sauvage) (1966) Fahrenheit (1988) Dune pour Homme (/wiki/Dune_pour_Homme) (1997) This product (/wiki/Product_(business)) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit_(perfume)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐xnrb4 Cached time: 20240716090111 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.269 seconds Real time usage: 0.480 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 555/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16193/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 695/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22206/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.190/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3992486/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 312.577 1 -total 31.64% 98.901 1 Template:Reflist 27.66% 86.447 2 Template:Cite_web 26.62% 83.196 1 Template:Parfums_Christian_Dior 26.01% 81.304 1 Template:Navbox 22.34% 69.824 1 Template:Short_description 12.87% 40.239 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 12.72% 39.759 2 Template:Pagetype 12.10% 37.827 1 Template:Infobox 5.81% 18.170 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41611292-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716090111 and revision id 1234819044. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit_(perfume)&oldid=1234819044 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit_(perfume)&oldid=1234819044) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Brand name products stubs (/wiki/Category:Brand_name_products_stubs) Dior perfumes (/wiki/Category:Dior_perfumes) 20th-century perfumes (/wiki/Category:20th-century_perfumes) Products introduced in 1988 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1988) 1988 in France (/wiki/Category:1988_in_France) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Type of Kashmir shawl This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kani_Shawl) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Kani Shawl" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kani+Shawl%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kani+Shawl%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kani+Shawl%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kani+Shawl%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kani+Shawl%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kani+Shawl%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A Kani shawl is a type of Kashmir shawl (/wiki/Kashmir_shawl) originating from the Kanihama (/wiki/Kanihama) area of the Kashmir valley (/wiki/Kashmir_valley) . [1] (#cite_note-GI-1) It is one of the oldest handicraft of Kashmir (/wiki/Kashmir) . This craft has been a part of the valley since the time of Mughals (/wiki/Mughals) . The shawls are woven from pashmina (/wiki/Pashmina) yarn. [2] (#cite_note-Mint-2) The government of Jammu and Kashmir (/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)) has granted a geographical indication (/wiki/Geographical_indication) to the Kani shawl, making it illegal to sell shawls made outside of the Kanihama area as Kani shawls. [1] (#cite_note-GI-1) History [ edit ] Kani weaving is believed to be an art indigenous to Kanihama (/wiki/Kanihama) and traced back to 3000 BC. [3] (#cite_note-3) This exquisite shawl was once coveted by Mughal Kings, Sikh Maharajas and British Aristocrats. The Ain-i-Akbari (/wiki/Ain-i-Akbari) records that Emperor Akbar (/wiki/Akbar) was an avid collector of Kani shawls. While the name 'Kani' comes from the area where this particular artisans come from, Kanihama, the word 'Kani' - in Kashmiri - also means a small wooden oblong spool. Preparation [ edit ] Kani Shawls are made from pashmina on a handloom. Instead of a shuttle used in regular pashmina shawls, Kani Shawls use needles made from cane [4] (#cite_note-4) or wood. [5] (#cite_note-5) The kanis, or small wooden sticks, are used to create the intricate designs of the shawl. Each kani represents one knot in the weave, and the weaver must follow a graph paper design closely to ensure that the design is accurately replicated. [6] (#cite_note-6) Only trained craftsmen are knowledgeable enough to weave Kani Shawls properly. The techniques and knowledge have been transferred from forefathers to next generations. It is estimated that of the 10,000-odd kani weavers, only 2,000 are left today. [7] (#cite_note-7) An artisan skilled in carpet weaving can easily make a Kani shawl because both crafts involve using color coding, known as "Talim," (/wiki/Talim_(textiles)) to guide the weaving process. While there are some differences in techniques and tools, the fundamental principle of following the color-coded Talim remains the same. However, Kani shawl making is a specialized art form with unique intricacies and challenges, and skilled artisans in this craft produce the most exquisite and authentic Kani shawls, preserving its traditional heritage. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Kashmiri handicrafts (/wiki/Kashmiri_handicrafts) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Kashmir's famous Kani shawls get GI status" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/kashmirs-famous-kani-shawls-get-gi-status/article267534.ece) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . 22 March 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180915073257/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Kashmirrsquos-famous-Kani-shawls-get-GI-status/article16583623.ece) from the original on 15 September 2018 . Retrieved 24 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mint_2-0) Vasudev, Shefalee (21 July 2015). "Looms of the valley" (http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/HMFQLTl09nEnX1jeFAr1EO/Looms-of-the-valley.html) . Mint (/wiki/Mint_(newspaper)) . Retrieved 24 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Beigh, Aamir (2018-05-15). "Process Of Making A Kani Shawl | Pure Kashmir" (https://medium.com/@purekashmir/kani-artisans-are-people-with-tremendous-skill-and-patience-e4743d67619) . Medium . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kani Pashmina Shawls" (https://www.purekashmir.com/collections/kani-pashmina-shawls) . purekashmir.com . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pashmina.com (2018-05-28). "What is a Kani Shawl & Kani Pashmina Shawl Price & How it is made?" (https://pashmina.com/editorial/kani-shawl/) . Pashmina Editorial . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "What exactly is the Kani Shawl?" (https://shahkaar.in/blogs/articles/what-is-kani-pashmina) . Shahkaar . Retrieved 2023-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Vasudev, Shefalee (2014-04-12). "The other side of pashmina" (https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/pzYAb8oodaIgJ1bWEXjQgL/The-other-side-of-pashmina.html) . Mint . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "color coding concept" (https://kepra.in/blogs/know-your-pashmina-blog/what-is-kani-shawl-how-is-kani-shawl-made) . Kepra . Retrieved 2023-07-30 . 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African American film actress Willor Lee Guilford Born ( 1912-01-13 ) January 13, 1912 Willor Lee Guilford (January 13, 1912 - ?) [1] (#cite_note-IMDB-1) was an African American actress. She had substantial parts in several films including at least three Oscar Micheaux (/wiki/Oscar_Micheaux) films. Career [ edit ] She portrayed the victim of a stalker in Ten Minutes to Live (/wiki/Ten_Minutes_to_Live) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In the film, she receives a note from the villain telling her she will be killed in 10 minutes. [3] (#cite_note-3) Later life [ edit ] Guilford opened a millinery (/wiki/Millinery) shop in Brooklyn, New York ("Willor's Hat Shop") after retiring from her film career. She eventually retired to Jacksonville, Florida. [1] (#cite_note-IMDB-1) Filmography [ edit ] Easy Street (/wiki/Easy_Street_(1930_film)) (1930) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) A Daughter of the Congo (/wiki/A_Daughter_of_the_Congo) (1930) [6] (#cite_note-6) Ten Minutes to Live (/wiki/Ten_Minutes_to_Live) (1932) [7] (#cite_note-7) as Letha Watkins [8] (#cite_note-8) Veiled Aristocrats (/wiki/Veiled_Aristocrats) (1932) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Willor Lee Guilford" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0346944/) . IMDb . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Brody, Richard (12 August 2016). "Oscar Micheaux, the First Black Auteur" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/08/22/oscar-micheaux-the-first-black-auteur) . The New Yorker . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thomas, Kevin (June 19, 1995). "Swanson's Rarely Seen 'Queen Kelly' to Screen" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-19-ca-14700-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Staff, America Film Institute; Gevinson, Alan; Institute, American Film; Afi, American Film (August 7, 1997). Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960 . University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520209640 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gevinson, Alan (1997). Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960 . University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520209640 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Richards, Larry (17 September 2015). African American Films Through 1959 . McFarland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781476610528 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "AFI|Catalog" (https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/2232) . catalog.afi.com . ^ (#cite_ref-8) MacDonald, Scott (August 7, 2009). Adventures of Perception: Cinema as Exploration : Essays/interviews . University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520258549 – via Google Books. External links [ edit ] "Preview Clip: Ten Minutes to Live" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7I9STY5HkA&list=PLKeYAp9ZwMLutR7-1x-DQ_aSF2-5jOOsf&index=44&t=0s) featuring Willor Lee Guilford NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐n6b5j Cached time: 20240625221826 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.289 seconds Real time usage: 0.439 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1935/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15899/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1005/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31625/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5757894/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 425.092 1 -total 32.34% 137.488 1 Template:Reflist 31.61% 134.354 1 Template:Short_description 31.20% 132.634 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.31% 90.582 3 Template:Cite_web 17.19% 73.065 16 Template:Main_other 13.40% 56.975 2 Template:Pagetype 13.12% 55.769 1 Template:SDcat 9.14% 38.848 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.01% 29.801 1 Template:Birth_date Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64778806-0!canonical and timestamp 20240625221826 and revision id 1224961674. 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Irish costume designer Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh Nationality Irish Alma mater Limerick School of Art and Design (/wiki/Limerick_School_of_Art_and_Design) Occupation Costume designer Years active 1994–present Known for The Wind That Shakes the Barley (/wiki/The_Wind_That_Shakes_the_Barley_(film)) , Becoming Jane (/wiki/Becoming_Jane) , Brideshead Revisited (/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(film)) Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ iː m ər n iː v eɪ l ˈ d aʊ n ɪ ɡ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) EE -mər nee vayl- DOWN -ig , [1] (#cite_note-interviewmag-1) Irish: [ˈɪmʲəɾˠ (/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish) n̠ʲiː (/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish) ˈweːl̪ˠd̪ˠoːnˠiː] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish) ) is an Irish costume designer. Much of her career has been in Irish and British-Irish productions, such as Michael Collins (/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)) (1996), The Wind That Shakes the Barley (/wiki/The_Wind_That_Shakes_the_Barley_(film)) (2006), Brideshead Revisited (/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(film)) (2008) , Ondine (/wiki/Ondine_(film)) (2009), The Guard (/wiki/The_Guard_(2011_film)) (2011), Calvary (/wiki/Calvary_(2014_film)) (2014), The Rhythm Section (/wiki/The_Rhythm_Section) (2020), Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)) (2021), and The Banshees of Inisherin (/wiki/The_Banshees_of_Inisherin) (2022). She has been nominated eleven times for Best Costume Design from the Irish Film & Television Academy (/wiki/Irish_Film_%26_Television_Academy) , winning for The Rhythm Section . Other nominations include Emmy, Critics Choice, and Satellite Awards. Eimer was elected to AMPAS in 2020. Career [ edit ] Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh is from Limerick (/wiki/Limerick) , Ireland [2] (#cite_note-II2009-2) where she graduated from the Limerick School of Art and Design (/wiki/Limerick_School_of_Art_and_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-Gatebio-3) She studied fashion initially before moving into film in the early 1990s. Eimer's first role was as a costume trainee on the film The Secret of Roan Inish (/wiki/The_Secret_of_Roan_Inish) . The Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) notes that "the Irish film scene was picking up in the Nineties and Eimer's cv is like a history of Irish film since 1993". [2] (#cite_note-II2009-2) During that decade, she worked as assistant costume designer on such productions as the comedy film Widows' Peak (/wiki/Widows%27_Peak) , the series Family (/wiki/Family_(1994_TV_series)) , the miniseries Scarlett (/wiki/Scarlett_(miniseries)) , the historical drama film Michael Collins (/wiki/Michael_Collins_(film)) . [2] (#cite_note-II2009-2) [3] (#cite_note-Gatebio-3) and the Neil Jordan film The Butcher Boy (/wiki/The_Butcher_Boy_(1997_film)) . 2000s–present [ edit ] The 2000s were a very productive time with About Adam (/wiki/About_Adam) , Gerry Stembridge's comedy with Kate Hudson, Mad About Mambo (/wiki/Mad_About_Mambo) , a comedy with Keri Russell, the TV series Rebel Heart (/wiki/Rebel_Heart_(TV_series)) , and Jim Sheridan's 2002 biopic In America (/wiki/In_America_(film)) with Paddy Considine and Samantha Morton. In 2005, Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh was costume designer on the Neil Jordan film Breakfast on Pluto (/wiki/Breakfast_on_Pluto_(film)) , which featured Cillian Murphy (/wiki/Cillian_Murphy) as a transgender (/wiki/Transgender) woman. The following year, she again worked with Murphy on the drama film The Wind That Shakes the Barley (/wiki/The_Wind_That_Shakes_the_Barley_(film)) , directed by Ken Loach (/wiki/Ken_Loach) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2007, she was costume designer on the period drama film Becoming Jane (/wiki/Becoming_Jane) , which was directed by Julian Jarrold (/wiki/Julian_Jarrold) and starred Anne Hathaway as Jane Austen. In 2008 she oversaw the costumes for the film Brideshead Revisited (/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(film)) , again directed by Jarrold. Her designs included costumes made in Paris and London, featuring a strong colour palette and sensuous textures. [1] (#cite_note-interviewmag-1) Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh said that she "wanted everything to look beautiful and fresh. Normally with period films you're trying to make things look old and care worn, but there's none of that". [5] (#cite_note-DT2008-5) 2009 saw her work for the first time with Colin Farrell on Neil Jordan's film Ondine (/wiki/Ondine_(film)) . 2010 saw Eimer reunite with Matthew Goode in the rom com Leap Year (/wiki/Leap_Year_(2010_film)) which also starred Amy Adams. At the Gate Theatre (/wiki/Gate_Theatre) in Dublin, Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh was the costume designer for the 2011 stage production Little Women (/wiki/Little_Women) , a stage adaptation of the 1868 novel by Louisa May Alcott (/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott) . A reviewer in Irish Theatre Magazine (/wiki/Irish_Theatre_Magazine) praised Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh's efforts, writing that the "costumes are the real visual treat here, with the staid and stately conservatism of Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) era dress recreated with great detail and grace". [6] (#cite_note-6) That year, she also created the costumes featured in the 2011 miniseries Neverland (/wiki/Neverland_(miniseries)) , a re-imagining of the Peter Pan (/wiki/Peter_Pan) story. Collaborations with Brendan Gleeson continued in both 2011 and 2014 with The Guard (/wiki/The_Guard_(2011_film)) and Calvary (/wiki/Calvary_(2014_film)) . In 2014, Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh oversaw the costumes in the Irish film Jimmy's Hall (/wiki/Jimmy%27s_Hall) , her second collaboration with Ken Loach. [7] (#cite_note-7) She received an ITFA nomination for her work in the film. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2016, Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh designed the costumes for the period comedy film Love & Friendship (/wiki/Love_%26_Friendship) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The following year, she created the costumes featured in the BBC miniseries Little Women (/wiki/Little_Women_(2017_TV_series)) . [10] (#cite_note-10) 2020 saw Eimer work with Reed Morano on the Barbara Broccoli-produced The Rhythm Section (/wiki/The_Rhythm_Section) with Blake Lively and Jude Law. And shortly after Eimer had her first foray into science fiction with Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)) for Apple TV. She was the costume designer for the 2022 Oscar-nominated film, The Banshees of Inisherin (/wiki/The_Banshees_of_Inisherin) , set in an isolated Irish island in the 1920s. Select filmography [ edit ] About Adam (/wiki/About_Adam) (2000) Mad About Mambo (/wiki/Mad_About_Mambo) (2000) In America (/wiki/In_America_(film)) (2002) The Wind That Shakes the Barley (/wiki/The_Wind_That_Shakes_the_Barley_(film)) (2006) Becoming Jane (/wiki/Becoming_Jane) (2007) Strength and Honour (/wiki/Strength_and_Honour) (2007) Brideshead Revisited (/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(film)) (2008) Ondine (/wiki/Ondine_(film)) (2009) Leap Year (/wiki/Leap_Year_(2010_film)) (2010) The Guard (/wiki/The_Guard_(2011_film)) (2011) Neverland (/wiki/Neverland_(miniseries)) (2011) Calvary (/wiki/Calvary_(2014_film)) (2014) Jimmy's Hall (/wiki/Jimmy%27s_Hall) (2014) Love & Friendship (/wiki/Love_%26_Friendship) (2016) Little Women (/wiki/Little_Women_(2017_TV_series)) (2017) Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)) (2021) The Banshees of Inisherin (/wiki/The_Banshees_of_Inisherin) (2022) References [ edit ] ^ a b Bailey, Christopher (1 August 2008). "Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/eimer-ni-mhaoldomhnaigh) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ a b c O'Connor, Aine (25 January 2009). "Eimer casts a fitting role for herself in Waugh" (http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/eimer-casts-a-fitting-role-for-herself-in-waugh-26508422.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ a b "Cowardly Design" (http://www.gatetheatre.ie/section/CowardlyDesign) . Gate Theatre (/wiki/Gate_Theatre) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) " (http://www.irishtimes.com/news/brokeback-gets-minister-s-seal-of-approval-1.1008934) 'Brokeback' gets Minister's seal of approval" (http://www.irishtimes.com/news/brokeback-gets-minister-s-seal-of-approval-1.1008934) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . 27 May 2006 . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT2008_5-0) Williams, Sally (13 September 2008). "Brideshead Revisited: Sacred and profane" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3560534/Brideshead-Revisited-Sacred-and-profane.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Weaver, Jesse (15 November 2011). "Little Women" (http://www.irishtheatremagazine.ie/Reviews/Current/Little-Women) . Irish Theatre Magazine (/wiki/Irish_Theatre_Magazine) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Foundas, Scott (22 May 2014). "Cannes Film Review: 'Jimmy's Hall' (https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/cannes-film-review-ken-loachs-jimmys-hall-1201188887/) " (https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/cannes-film-review-ken-loachs-jimmys-hall-1201188887/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Clarke, Donald (29 April 2015). "Ifta 2015 film and drama nominees announced" (http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/ifta-2015-film-and-drama-nominees-announced-1.2193264) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Chan, Stephanie (10 May 2016). "Kate Beckinsale's 'Love & Friendship' wardrobe brings color to 18th century widow" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kate-beckinsale-chloe-sevigny-love-892514) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved 18 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cronin, Emily (26 December 2017). "Little Women: the story behind the 'homemade' costumes- and why Maya Hawke still wears her Victorian coat out and about in New York" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/little-women-story-behind-costumes/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 27 December 2017 . External links [ edit ] Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0583889/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000044532632) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/63738189) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkhKjX3pBdmdGKkVmFtKd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062279328) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2005028322) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1062279328.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐xtt6z Cached time: 20240712165231 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.517 seconds Real time usage: 0.802 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2539/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33053/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2292/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45013/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.350/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23710887/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 767.794 1 -total 25.53% 196.003 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.20% 155.128 1 Template:Reflist 17.88% 137.252 1 Template:IPA-ga 17.55% 134.732 1 Template:IPA 14.92% 114.575 9 Template:Cite_news 12.33% 94.652 1 Template:Authority_control 12.05% 92.537 1 Template:Wikidata_image 9.66% 74.151 1 Template:Short_description 6.16% 47.308 1 Template:IPAc-en Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44350669-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712165231 and revision id 1231298818. 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Russian model and actress Katia Elizarova Born Ekaterina Igorevna Elizarova ( 1986-08-17 ) 17 August 1986 (age 37) Saratov (/wiki/Saratov) , Russian SFSR (/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union Other names Katya Elizarova Spouse Blair Metcalfe ​ ( m. 2016) ​ Children 1 Modelling information Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-CityModels-1) [2] (#cite_note-m4models-2) Hair colour Blonde (/wiki/Blonde) Eye colour Blue / Green Ekaterina Igorevna " Katia " Elizarova (Russian: Екатерина Игоревна "Катя" Елизарова ; born 17 August 1986) [3] (#cite_note-allrus-3) is a Russian model and actress. Early life [ edit ] Elizarova was born in Saratov, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. [3] (#cite_note-allrus-3) Her great-grandfather was the husband of Vladimir Lenin (/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin) 's sister, [4] (#cite_note-autogenerated4-4) and her grandfather was a former head of the KGB (/wiki/KGB) . [4] (#cite_note-autogenerated4-4) She has a sister, Alisa, who was a contestant on the fourth cycle (/wiki/Top_Model_po-russki_(cycle_4)) of Top Model po-russki (/wiki/Top_Model_po-russki) , the Russian edition of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . [5] (#cite_note-5) She attended ballet classes during childhood, with the ambition of dancing with the Bolshoi Ballet (/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet) . [3] (#cite_note-allrus-3) Elizarova later studied law at Queen Mary University of London (/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London) . [6] (#cite_note-UFP-6) Career [ edit ] Modelling [ edit ] At 14, Elizarova was spotted by a modelling scout in her hometown, [ citation needed ] after which she appeared on the cover of Jalouse and starred in Russian television commercials and campaigns for brands including Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) , Kirin (/wiki/Kirin_Brewery_Company) , La Forêt and Sok Dobriy. [3] (#cite_note-allrus-3) She went on to appear in Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazines, and to work with Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , and Preen. [7] (#cite_note-Sky_Showbiz-7) Elizarova became a full-time model after graduating from university in 2009. Clients and photographers Elizarova has worked with include Ellen Von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_Von_Unwerth) , Rankin (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) , Kim Knott, Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Guy Laroche (/wiki/Guy_Laroche) , Kirin (/wiki/Kirin_Brewery_Company) , Laforet (/wiki/Laforet) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Ines Valentinitsch, Etienne Aigner (/wiki/Etienne_Aigner) , Karen Walker (/wiki/Karen_Walker_(designer)) , Preen, Jasper Conran (/wiki/Jasper_Conran) , DSquared² (/wiki/DSquared%C2%B2) , Ghost, Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) , Shu Uemura (/wiki/Shu_Uemura) , Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) , New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)) , Miss Selfridge (/wiki/Miss_Selfridge) , Fornarina (/wiki/Fornarina) , Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , Made by Niki, Babyliss (/wiki/Babyliss) , Trevor Sorbie (/wiki/Trevor_Sorbie) , L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , and Wella (/wiki/Wella) . [8] (#cite_note-Fashion_Style-8) [9] (#cite_note-autogenerated6-9) Elizarova has worked with several agencies, including Why Not Model Agency (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Agency) (Milan), City Models (Paris), M4 Models (Hamburg), View Management (Spain), Vivienne Model Management and Clear Model Management. [1] (#cite_note-CityModels-1) [10] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Campaigns since 2010 include Esprit (/wiki/Esprit_Holdings) , Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , GHD (/wiki/GHD_Styler) , Toni & Guy (/wiki/Toni_%26_Guy) , [12] (#cite_note-12) and launching George Davies' luxury fashion brand GIVe (/wiki/George_Davies_(retailer)) . She has also appeared on the cover of Fabulous Magazine [13] (#cite_note-13) and S Magazine and had features in InStyle Magazine (/wiki/InStyle_Magazine) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , T3 (/wiki/T3_(magazine)) , GQ (/wiki/GQ) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Sky Showbiz (/w/index.php?title=Sky_Showbiz&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-Sky_Showbiz-7) [15] (#cite_note-Production-15) In August 2011 she signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) . [16] (#cite_note-IMG_Models-16) [17] (#cite_note-Stylist-17) [18] (#cite_note-News_Yahoo!-18) In November, Elizarova was hired by US fashion company Max Studio as the brand's new face and first ambassador. [19] (#cite_note-Retail_Gazette-19) [20] (#cite_note-Yahoo!_News!-20) Elizarova has fronted and creatively consulted on campaigns for Max Studio (/wiki/Max_Studio) in its Spring/Summer 2012, Fall/Winter 2012 and Spring/Summer 2013 seasons supported by fellow brand models Erin O'Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%27Connor) , Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) , and Victoria Zuban. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-autogenerated5-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2015, Elizarova appeared with Sam Claflin (/wiki/Sam_Claflin) fronting the On Arrival campaign for Ciroc (/wiki/Ciroc) and featuring in advertising shot by celebrated photographer Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) . [25] (#cite_note-Business_Insider-25) Acting [ edit ] In 2003, she appeared in the Russian music video Sky by Diskoteka Avariya (/wiki/Diskoteka_Avariya) . [26] (#cite_note-Disco-26) Elizarova made her theatrical debut on the London stage in Belka Production's adaptation of Chekhov (/wiki/Anton_Chekhov) and Bunin (/wiki/Bunin) short stories Sunstroke , in August/September 2013. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) She also appeared in Fox UK (/wiki/Fox_(UK_and_Ireland)) 's reality show (/wiki/Reality_show) Meet the Russians , about Eastern Europeans living in London. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2015, Elizarova featured in the BBC2 documentary Rich, Russian and Living in London . [30] (#cite_note-30) Elizarova made her film debut in spring 2016, in the film adaptation of John le Carré (/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9) novel Our Kind of Traitor (/wiki/Our_Kind_of_Traitor_(film)) . [25] (#cite_note-Business_Insider-25) In October 2016, Elizarova appeared in Bridget Jones's Baby (/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Baby) as the ex-girlfriend of the character played by Hugh Grant (/wiki/Hugh_Grant) . [31] (#cite_note-31) Charity and social action [ edit ] A campaigner for models' rights, in 2009 she addressed the Oxford Union (/wiki/Oxford_Union) on the world of modelling, its pitfalls, rewards and health issues. [32] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-32) She is a supporter of UK charity Fashion For Good and the Red Cross (/wiki/Red_Cross) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) In October 2013, Elizarova addressed a forum in the British Parliament on the future of the fashion industry, focusing on support for young talent. [35] (#cite_note-35) Personal life [ edit ] In September 2016, Elizarova married Blair Metcalfe, a businessman. The couple have been together since 2009, and have a daughter. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Katya Elizarova Portfolio" (http://www.city-models.com/portfolio.aspx?nav=0&subid=6029&mainsubid=6029&modelid=14829) . City Models . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-m4models_2-0) "Katia Elizarova" (http://www.m4models.de/model/1203) . M4 Model Management . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Russian Model Katia Elizarova" (http://allrus.me/russian-model-katia-elizarova/) . AllRus.me. 15 November 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160127185346/http://allrus.me/russian-model-katia-elizarova/) from the original on 27 January 2016 . Retrieved 27 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Carter, Claire (September 20, 2013). "British men are weak with terrible manners, Russian model says" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10323678/British-men-are-weak-with-terrible-manners-Russian-model-says.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . UK . Retrieved 2013-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Алиса Елизарова – Участницы – Топ-модель по-русски" (http://topmodel.u-tv.ru/season4/contestants/80/) . topmodel.u-tv.ru . Retrieved 2016-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-UFP_6-0) "International Model Katia Elizarova Signed By IMG Models" (http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/8/prweb8744941.htm) (Press release). ^ Jump up to: a b "Are You Model Material" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120314031312/http://skyliving.sky.com/latest-on-fashion/are-you-model-material) . Sky Living (/wiki/Sky_Living) . Archived from the original (http://skyliving.sky.com/latest-on-fashion/are-you-model-material) on 14 March 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_Style_8-0) "Max Studio Signs International Model Katia Elizarova as Brand Ambassador" (http://fashion-styleblog.net/max-studio-signs-international-model-katia-elizarova-as-brand-ambassador-and-new-face-luxury-womens-fashion-brand-to-launch-uk-retail-operations-with-london-boutique/) . Fashion Style . Retrieved 2011-11-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated6_9-0) The Times year in pictures 2013 | The Times (http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/visualarts/photography/article3956069.ece) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0) "M4 Model Management – KATIA ELIZAROVA" (http://www.m4models.de/model/1203) . M4 Models . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Katya Elizarova – Fashion Model – Profile" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Katya_Elizarova/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Katya Elizarova – photo ID:254185" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/katya_elizarova/showphoto/254185/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Katya Elizarova – photo ID:372778" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/katya_elizarova/showphoto/372778/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "GQ's Guide to the Perfect Night" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140108034645/https://www.myfdb.com/editorials/88508-gq-british-editorial-gq-s-guide-to-the-perfect-night-december-2010) . My Fashion Database. December 2010. Archived from the original (https://www.myfdb.com/editorials/88508-gq-british-editorial-gq-s-guide-to-the-perfect-night-december-2010) on 8 January 2014 . Retrieved 8 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Production_15-0) "Katia Elizarova recent news" (http://www.productionparadise.com/spotlight/models-artists-and-stylists-288/clear-model-management-12160.html) . Production Paradise (/w/index.php?title=Production_Paradise&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved 2011-04-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-IMG_Models_16-0) "Katia Elizarova Profile – IMG Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120402121249/http://www.imgmodels.com/details.aspx?navbtn=1&cityID=3&modelid=535779&pic=041.jpg&subid=3403&mainsubid=3403&catID=1&indx=6) . IMG Group. Archived from the original (https://www.imgmodels.com/details.aspx?navbtn=1&cityID=3&modelid=535779&pic=041.jpg&subid=3403&mainsubid=3403&catID=1&indx=6) on 2012-04-02 . Retrieved 2011-11-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-Stylist_17-0) "Katia Elizarova – Stylist News" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120422020340/http://stylist.vn/models/katia-elizarova-ky-hop-dong-voi-img-models.html) . Stylist. Archived from the original (http://stylist.vn/models/katia-elizarova-ky-hop-dong-voi-img-models.html) on 2012-04-22 . Retrieved 2011-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-News_Yahoo!_18-0) "International Model Katia Elizarova Signed by IMG Models" (https://news.yahoo.com/international-model-katia-elizarova-signed-img-models-090226449.html) . Yahoo! News . Retrieved 2011-08-25 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-Retail_Gazette_19-0) "Max Studio to launch in London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111028221632/http://www.retailgazette.co.uk/articles/41223-max-studio-to-launch-in-london) . Retail Gazette . Archived from the original (http://www.retailgazette.co.uk/articles/41223-max-studio-to-launch-in-london) on 2011-10-28 . Retrieved 2011-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-Yahoo!_News!_20-0) "Max Studio Signs International Model Katia Elizarova as Brand Ambassador and New Face" (https://news.yahoo.com/max-studio-signs-international-model-katia-elizarova-brand-083208579.html) . Yahoo! News! . Retrieved 2011-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Leon Max/Maxstudio Spring/Summer 2013 – YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojC2r91gBAE) ^ (#cite_ref-22) My Fashion Connect: Super models Erin O'Connor and Katia Elizarova fronting LEON MAX Ad campaign this winter (http://myfashionconnect.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/super-models-erin-oconnor-and-katia.html) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated5_23-0) Leon Max Archives | Design Scene – Fashion, Photography, Style & Design (http://www.designscene.net/brands/leon-max) ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Leon Max London Store Opening Party" (http://shelf3d.com/H01o18h6ktQ#Leon%20Max%20London%20Store%20Opening%20Party) . Shelf 3D. 28 December 2012 . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A day in the life of a Russian supermodel and actress who lives in London" (http://uk.businessinsider.com/russian-supermodel-katia-elizarova-life-in-london-pictures-2015-2) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . February 21, 2015 . Retrieved September 5, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Disco_26-0) "Disco Crash – Sky" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOFkkktE3rM) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Sunstroke Review" (http://www.timeout.com/london/theatre/sunstroke) . Time Out London. 30 July 2013 . Retrieved 8 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Russian model Katia Elizarova stars in Chekhov adaptation Sunstroke – Theatre News – 14 Aug 2013 (http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/08-2013/russian-model-katia-elizarova-stars-in-chekhov-ada_31641.html) ^ (#cite_ref-29) Peacock, Louisa (14 September 2013). "Meet the Russians: Beyond the wodka, fur and red lipstick, Russian girls are genuine and loveable" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10307992/Russian-girls-Meet-the-Russians-Beyond-the-wodka-fur-and-red-lipstick-they-are-genuine-and-loveable-Skirting-the-Issue.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . London . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Meet the characters" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02g6qvn) . London . Retrieved 27 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Katia Elizarova – Bridget Jones Baby" (http://www.mclean-williams.com/katia-elizarova-bridget-joness-baby/) . London . Retrieved 4 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated2_32-0) Exclusive: Inside The Life Of A Modern Supermodel- Katia Elizarova – Part Two | Bohomoth (http://www.bohomoth.com/?p=14726) ^ (#cite_ref-33) Exclusive: Inside The Life Of A Modern Supermodel- Katia Elizarova – Part One | Bohomoth (http://www.bohomoth.com/?p=14570) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Ekaterina Elizarova – International model – Russian Personalities (http://beautifulrus.com/ekaterina-elizarova-russian-top-model/) ^ (#cite_ref-35) ‘Katia E’, de supermodelo a superheroína | Gente | EL PAÍS (http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/09/13/gente/1379090984_720037.html) ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Katia Elizarova" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/katiaelizarova/1342814301278260065) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BKion4TAUth/) on 2021-12-25. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Goncharova, Masha (28 November 2013). "Lifestyles of the Rich and Russian" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/29/arts/television/29iht-Lifestyles-of-the-Rich-and-Russian.html) . The New York Times . External links [ edit ] Slater, Lydia (September 24, 2013). "Katia Elizarova: Model's Profile" (http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/life/celebrity/article3877068.ece) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London . Retrieved 2013-12-27 . At 27, she is a veteran of the modelling industry... (subscription required) Godwin, Richard (20 September 2013). "Crème de la Kremlin" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/crme-de-la-kremlin-8829225.html) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . Katia Elizarova (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6526814/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐bmqzr Cached time: 20240719231110 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.610 seconds Real time usage: 0.788 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4008/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63983/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5702/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 115122/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.427/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24227952/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 741.180 1 -total 34.46% 255.400 1 Template:Infobox_model 30.60% 226.767 1 Template:Reflist 22.37% 165.838 22 Template:Cite_web 13.22% 97.990 1 Template:Lang-ru 11.05% 81.890 1 Template:Short_description 7.02% 52.010 2 Template:Pagetype 6.39% 47.392 1 Template:Marriage 5.59% 41.448 1 Template:Infobox 5.11% 37.896 1 Template:Height Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31575708-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719231110 and revision id 1230917609. 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Ascher: Fabric, Art, Fashion Author Zika Ascher (/wiki/Zika_Ascher) Language English Genre Non Fiction (/wiki/Non_Fiction) , Art (/wiki/Art) , Textile Design (/wiki/Textile_Design) , Fashion Design (/wiki/Fashion_Design) Publisher Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) Publication date 1987 Publication place United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Ascher: Fabric, Art, Fashion is an illustrated catalog published to accompany an exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , April 15–June 14, 1987, on the textile designs of Zika Ascher (/wiki/Zika_Ascher) and Lida Ascher. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ascher: Fabric, Art, Fashion" (http://www.designersandbooks.com/book/ascher-fabric-art-fashion) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7c7cc8cf49‐mgrnn Cached time: 20240716194854 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.161 seconds Real time usage: 0.215 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 756/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7364/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1209/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5877/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.085/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2933282/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 183.788 1 -total 43.34% 79.661 1 Template:Reflist 41.28% 75.869 1 Template:Infobox_book 37.81% 69.494 1 Template:Cite_web 29.53% 54.271 1 Template:Infobox 14.58% 26.791 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 9.12% 16.769 1 Template:Wikidata_image 5.39% 9.906 1 Template:DMCA 4.05% 7.449 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 3.32% 6.100 2 Template:If_empty Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47874418-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716194854 and revision id 1212008430. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascher:_Fabric,_Art,_Fashion&oldid=1212008430 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascher:_Fabric,_Art,_Fashion&oldid=1212008430) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Category:Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) Catalogues (/wiki/Category:Catalogues) 1987 in art (/wiki/Category:1987_in_art) Fashion exhibitions (/wiki/Category:Fashion_exhibitions) Hidden category: Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022)
Bristol Uniforms Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Personal Protective Equipment Founded 1961 ; 63 years ago ( 1961 ) Founder Patrick Seager Hill (/wiki/Patrick_Seager_Hill) Headquarters Bristol (/wiki/Bristol) , United Kingdom Area served Worldwide Products Fire & Rescue uniforms Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) MSA Safety (/wiki/MSA_Safety) Website MSA Bristol (https://gb.msasafety.com/MSA-Bristol?locale=en) Bristol Uniforms is a British clothing company that specializes in the manufacture of modern-day safety and fire protective clothing. History [ edit ] Wathen Gardiner & Co [ edit ] Wathen Gardiner & Co, the parent company of Bristol Uniforms, was founded as Gardiner & Sons in the city of Bristol (/wiki/Bristol) , England in 1801 by John Gardiner, who served in 1819 and 1824 as High Sheriff of Bristol (/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Bristol) . The firm operated initially as a wholesale clothing company that exported women’s clothing to the West Indies (/wiki/West_Indies) . When Bristol in the 19th century was considered a major player in the clothing industry, Wathen Gardiner & Co was reputed to be one of the oldest operating companies in the city. [1] (#cite_note-wathen_gardiner-1) [2] (#cite_note-bristol_uniforms_history-2) Charles Wathen (/wiki/Charles_Wathen) in 1862 joined the firm, and created a partnership in 1865 with John Gardiner's son, Henry Gardiner. The company name subsequently became Wathen Gardiner & Co. It grew and expanded its reach outside of Britain by exporting clothing to Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) and New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) , often returning with wool (/wiki/Wool) that was used to make more clothing. Wathen retired in 1887 from the business and went on to become a six times Mayor of Bristol (/wiki/Mayor_of_Bristol) , being knighted in 1889 for his accomplishments. His business partner William Hill took over the company and served as the principal proprietor until the mid 1920s when he retired, being succeeded by his son William John Hill who took over ownership of the company. [3] (#cite_note-obituary-3) [4] (#cite_note-bristol_info-4) [5] (#cite_note-ports_of_bristol_channel-5) Wathen Gardiner & Co under the stewardship of the Hill family made uniforms in both world wars for the armed forces (/wiki/Armed_forces) , and started after the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) to supply uniforms to other organizations, including HM Customs and Excise (/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise) , hospitals and water boards (/wiki/Water_board) . When William John Hill retired in 1964 as principal proprietor, uniforms represented a major part of the company business. [6] (#cite_note-graces_guide-6) [2] (#cite_note-bristol_uniforms_history-2) Bristol Uniforms [ edit ] Bristol Uniforms was incorporated on 15 November 1961 as a subsidiary of Wathen Gardner & Co, under the stewardship of William John Hill's son Patrick Seager Hill (/wiki/Patrick_Seager_Hill) , who in 1965 became the sole proprietor & managing director. The company ultimately specialized in the manufacture of fire proximity suits (/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit) , and fire protective and safety clothing for the Royal Air Force (/wiki/Royal_Air_Force) , the offshore oil industry (/wiki/Offshore_oil_industry) , and fire brigades (/wiki/Fire_brigade) . Wathen Gardiner & Co and Bristol Uniforms remained separate companies until Wathen Gardiner & Co dropped their name, and merged with Bristol Uniforms, which still trades today. [7] (#cite_note-bristol_uniforms-7) [2] (#cite_note-bristol_uniforms_history-2) [8] (#cite_note-bloomberg-8) As of February 22nd 2022, the company is now a subsidiary of MSA Safety (/wiki/MSA_Safety) . Gallery [ edit ] Later 19th-century drawing of the Bristol factory of Wathen Gardiner & Co Fred Farnsworth, an employee, accompanying Queen Mary of Teck on a visit during WWII References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-wathen_gardiner_1-0) Cowen, Laurence (pseudonym Lesser Columbus) (1893). Greater Bristol . London: The Pelham Press. pp. 178–193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781241243074 . ^ a b c "The History of Bristol Uniforms 1801-2016" (http://www.bristoluniforms.com/media/files/BU%20History.pdf) (PDF) . Bristol Uniforms Limited (website) . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-obituary_3-0) "Obituary - Sudden Death of Sir Charles Wathen" (http://hestories.info/western-daily-press-v2.html?page=44) . Western Daily Press . No. Wednesday, 15 February 1893. Bristol. p. 5. ^ (#cite_ref-bristol_info_4-0) "Wathen, Gardiner & Co, Broad Street (Clothing)" (https://www.bristolinformation.co.uk/srch/srchit.asp?gdoc=bl&ref=101) . Bristol Information - Information for Bristol Business (website) . Retrieved 25 November 2017 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-ports_of_bristol_channel_5-0) Anonymous (1893). "Wathen, Gardiner & Co., Wholesale & Export Clothiers". Progress Commerce 1893: The Ports of the Bristol Channel; Wales and the West . London, England: The London Printing & Engraving Co. p. 202. ^ (#cite_ref-graces_guide_6-0) "Wathen, Gardiner & Co. (under 1914 Who's Who in Business: Company W)" (https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1914_Who's_Who_in_Business:_Company_W) . Graces Guide to British Industrial History . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-bristol_uniforms_7-0) "Bristol Uniforms Limited" (https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00708126) . Companies House . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-bloomberg_8-0) "Company Overview of Bristol Uniforms Limited" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=46563864) . Bloomberg Businessweek (website) . Retrieved 25 November 2017 . External links [ edit ] Bristol Uniforms Limited (http://www.bristoluniforms.com/) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Clothing (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐7qcfm Cached time: 20240720090500 Cache expiry: 1004102 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.329 seconds Real time usage: 0.503 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1707/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24422/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2022/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36339/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4700622/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 474.518 1 -total 48.08% 228.167 1 Template:Infobox_company 43.80% 207.859 1 Template:Infobox 41.43% 196.601 1 Template:Reflist 21.97% 104.255 2 Template:Cite_book 20.96% 99.448 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 7.68% 36.448 1 Template:Dead_link 7.02% 33.333 1 Template:Portal_bar 6.53% 30.966 1 Template:Fix 5.87% 27.844 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55734972-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720090500 and revision id 1180123587. 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( May 2024 ) Men's clothing company based in New York Psycho Bunny Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Founder Robert Godley Robert Goldman Headquarters Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) Key people Alen Brandman ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) Website psychobunny (http://psychobunny.com) .com (http://psychobunny.com) Psycho Bunny is a privately held men's clothing company founded in 2003 [ citation needed ] ; it has offices in its founding city of New York (/wiki/New_York_City) and headquarters in Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) [ citation needed ] . Alen Brandman, CEO of Thread Collective, took ownership of the company in 2021. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2022, Psycho Bunny opened stores in Kenwood Towne Centre (/wiki/Kenwood_Towne_Centre) , Ross Park Mall (/wiki/Ross_Park_Mall) , and Easton Town Center (/wiki/Easton_Town_Center) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In Fall 2023, Psycho Bunny opened a location in West Edmonton Mall (/wiki/West_Edmonton_Mall) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Psycho Bunny Rolling Out Retail Under New Owners" (https://news.yahoo.com/psycho-bunny-rolling-retail-under-040105211.html) . Yahoo News . 23 May 2022 . Retrieved 2023-05-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Verdon, Joan. "Psycho Bunny Hops Into Two New Malls, With More Stores On The Way" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanverdon/2021/04/04/psycho-bunny-hops-into-two-new-malls-with-more-stores-on-the-way/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-05-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Verdon, Joan. "Psycho Bunny Stores Are Multiplying Rapidly, U.S. Locations To Double This Year" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanverdon/2022/05/23/psycho-bunny-stores-are-multiplying-rapidly-us-locations-to-double-this-year/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Psycho Bunny | West Edmonton Mall" (https://www.wem.ca/directory/stores/psycho-bunny) . www.wem.ca . Retrieved 2023-12-26 . 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Annual fashion event in Glasgow, Scotland Girls' Day Out Show Status Active Genre Fashion, Beauty Venue SEC Centre (/wiki/SEC_Centre) Location(s) Glasgow, Edinburgh, Manchester Country UK Inaugurated 2009 Attendance 16,000+ Organized by PSP Website www (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk) .girlsdayoutshow (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk) .co (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk) .uk (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk) The Girls' Day Out Show is an event primarily for women who enjoy fashion, lifestyle and beauty. It is a similar concept to The Clothes Show Live (/wiki/Clothes_Show_Live) . It was founded in 2009 and has been a growing convention every year, attracting over 16,000 visitors on average. [1] (#cite_note-psppublishing1-1) History [ edit ] It is run by PSP. [1] (#cite_note-psppublishing1-1) Events and the first one held at the SEC Centre (/wiki/SEC_Centre) in 2009. Established top model scouts have frequently visited the show and used it as a talent-selection pool. Colours Agency [2] (#cite_note-2) and Select Model Management [3] (#cite_note-3) who represent stars such as Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) , The Saturdays (/wiki/The_Saturdays) , Mischa Barton (/wiki/Mischa_Barton) and Amanda Hendrick (/wiki/Amanda_Hendrick) attended. 2009 [ edit ] Held at the SEC Centre (/wiki/SEC_Centre) , Glasgow. It was sponsored by tanning specialist Fake Bake, and in association with Boots and No1 Magazine. 2010 [ edit ] Held at the SEC Centre (/wiki/SEC_Centre) , Glasgow. The Saturday ticket was a sell out. [4] (#cite_note-4) 2011 [ edit ] In 2011, it was held in Manchester for the first time. It was at The Central [5] (#cite_note-5) also known as Manchester Central Convention Complex (but more commonly, formerly, known as the G-Mex (/wiki/G-Mex) ). [6] (#cite_note-6) It caused some controversy as a cosmetic surgeon attended the show, providing free ten-minute consultations. [7] (#cite_note-7) Peter Andre (/wiki/Peter_Andre) made an appearance and is considered a notable event at Manchester Central Convention Complex (/wiki/Manchester_Central_Convention_Complex) . 2012 [ edit ] It was held at the SEC Centre (/wiki/SEC_Centre) in Glasgow from 30 November to 2 December. The Girls' Day Out Show [8] (#cite_note-8) has been said to play a part in boosting the local economy of where it takes place. [9] (#cite_note-9) Celebrities like ' Two Shoes (/wiki/Two_Shoes) ' who were runners up on The X Factor also made an appearance. The stands there such as; FakeBake (/wiki/Sunless_tanning) , Bella's Blush, Fashion Rocks My Soul, The London Perfume Company, [10] (#cite_note-10) Actiderm and Lauren's Way, [11] (#cite_note-11) brought in the highest number of customers to date. Media coverage [ edit ] The Girls' Day Out Show has featured in No 1 Magazine [12] (#cite_note-12) and Event Magazine [13] (#cite_note-13) when it announced plans to expand further to Edinburgh, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. It was a deal on Happli (http://www.happli.co.uk/deal/liverpool/psppublishinggirlsdayout) [ permanent dead link ] [14] (#cite_note-14) and has been the local press of the moment like The Manchester Evening News (/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News) . [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Girls Day Out Show" (http://www.psppublishing.com/girlsdayout.html) . PSP Publishing . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Untitled Document" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130115125627/http://www.coloursagency.com/news_txt.asp) . Archived from the original (http://www.coloursagency.com/news_txt.asp) on 15 January 2013 . Retrieved 21 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Select Model Management « Girls' Day Out Show – Glasgow" (https://archive.today/20130420040735/http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/glasgow/blog/?tag=select-model-management) . Girlsdayoutshow.co.uk. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/glasgow/blog/?tag=select-model-management) on 20 April 2013 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Girl's Day Out | Glasgow" (https://archive.today/20130208214032/http://www.ticketsoup.com/tickets/girls-day-out-2010-12000/default.aspx) . ticketSOUP. Archived from the original (http://www.ticketsoup.com/tickets/girls-day-out-2010-12000/default.aspx) on 8 February 2013 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Upcoming events" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120918052936/http://www.manchestercentral.co.uk/forthcoming-events/the-girls-day-out-show-178) . Manchester Central. Archived from the original (http://www.manchestercentral.co.uk/forthcoming-events/the-girls-day-out-show-178) on 18 September 2012 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Manchester Girls' Day Out Show - Central - 7th to 9th September, 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121006061535/http://girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/manchester/times.html) . Girlsdayoutshow.co.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/manchester/times.html) on 6 October 2012 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Celebrity Cosmetic Surgeon Attends Girls Day Out Show, Manchester" (http://www.thecosmeticclinic.com/latest-news/celeb-surgeon-attends-girls-day-out-show.html) . The Cosmetic Clinic . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Girls' Day Out Show - Friday 29th November to Sunday 1st December, 2013 - SECC Glasgow" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130302230842/http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/glasgow/index.html) . Girlsdayoutshow.co.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.girlsdayoutshow.co.uk/glasgow/index.html) on 2 March 2013 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Girls Day Out Show to boost Manchester's economy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121028175256/http://enforbusiness.com/news/girls-day-out-show-boost-manchester%E2%80%99s-economy-20128935) . EN for Business. Archived from the original (http://www.enforbusiness.com/news/girls-day-out-show-boost-manchester%E2%80%99s-economy-20128935) on 28 October 2012 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Cheap Perfume For Women Online, Discount Designer Aftershave For Men, Best Celebrity Fragrances" (http://www.thelondonperfumecompany.com/) . Thelondonperfumecompany.com . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Tanning Products | Natural Skin Tanning Products | Buy Discount Skin Tanning Products" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121222113615/http://www.laurensway.com/) . Laurensway.com. Archived from the original (http://www.laurensway.com/) on 22 December 2012 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Girls' Day Out Show 2012 - 30th November to 2nd December, 2012 - Glasgow SECC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120812185850/http://www.no1magazine.co.uk/girlsdayoutshow.html) . No1magazine.co.uk. 2 December 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.no1magazine.co.uk/girlsdayoutshow.html) on 12 August 2012 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Girl's Day Out Show to expand around UK" (http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/news/1103649/Girls-Day-Show-expand-around-UK/) . Eventmagazine.co.uk. 11 November 2011 . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) [1] (http://www.happli.co.uk/deal/liverpool/psppublishinggirlsdayout) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-15) Dianne Bourne (6 August 2012). "Beat the clock and look great with a whirlwind make-over - Manchester Evening News" (http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/life_and_style/s/1585376_beat-the-clock-and-look-great-with-a-whirlwind-make-over) . Menmedia.co.uk . Retrieved 2 March 2013 . 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