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This category is about tops, garments covering the torso. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tops (clothing) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐49htg Cached time: 20240721022848 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.041 seconds Real time usage: 0.065 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2505/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 320/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.024/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946160/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 59.679 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 59.679 1 -total 96.48% 57.580 1 Template:Sister_project 93.76% 55.954 1 Template:Side_box 7.61% 4.543 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27859425-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721022848 and revision id 681154610. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. A Aprons (/wiki/Category:Aprons) ‎ (5 P) C Cycling jerseys (/wiki/Category:Cycling_jerseys) ‎ (1 C, 35 P, 143 F) D Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) ‎ (5 C, 126 P) N Necklines (/wiki/Category:Necklines) ‎ (14 P) S Shirts (/wiki/Category:Shirts) ‎ (2 C, 42 P) Sweaters (/wiki/Category:Sweaters) ‎ (21 P) V Vests (/wiki/Category:Vests) ‎ (9 P) Pages in category "Tops (clothing)" The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Top (clothing) (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) A The Arrow Collar Man (/wiki/The_Arrow_Collar_Man) Av Pak (/wiki/Av_Pak) B Baja jacket (/wiki/Baja_jacket) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Bowling shirt (/wiki/Bowling_shirt) Breast binding (/wiki/Breast_binding) C Cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) Camisa blouse (/wiki/Camisa_blouse) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Camp shirt (/wiki/Camp_shirt) Canezou (/wiki/Canezou) Cardigan (sweater) (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) Chaubandi Cholo (/wiki/Chaubandi_Cholo) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Chemisette (/wiki/Chemisette) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Crew neck (/wiki/Crew_neck) Crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) D Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Dickey (garment) (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) G Garibaldi shirt (/wiki/Garibaldi_shirt) Ghanaian smock (/wiki/Ghanaian_smock) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) H Halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) Henley shirt (/wiki/Henley_shirt) Hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) I Ihram clothing (/wiki/Ihram_clothing) Isiagu (/wiki/Isiagu) J Jeogori (/wiki/Jeogori) Jersey (clothing) (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) K Kanchuka (/wiki/Kanchuka) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Kurti top (/wiki/Kurti_top) L Leopard skin (clothing in Ancient Egypt) (/wiki/Leopard_skin_(clothing_in_Ancient_Egypt)) Leotard (/wiki/Leotard) M Marinière (/wiki/Marini%C3%A8re) P Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Polo shirt (/wiki/Polo_shirt) Q Quarter-zipper (/wiki/Quarter-zipper) R Rugby shirt (/wiki/Rugby_shirt) S Safari jacket (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Shaluka (/wiki/Shaluka) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sukajan (/wiki/Sukajan) Sweatshirt (/wiki/Sweatshirt) T T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) Tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) U Uncu (/wiki/Uncu) W Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Y Yoke (clothing) (/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)) Z Zephyr (garment) (/wiki/Zephyr_(garment)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Tops_(clothing)&oldid=681154610 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Tops_(clothing)&oldid=681154610) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
This file does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : France (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France) : Paris (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Paris) France portal (/wiki/Portal:France) This file is within the scope of WikiProject France (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of France (/wiki/France) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_France) and see a list of open tasks. France Wikipedia:WikiProject France Template:WikiProject France France articles This file is supported by the Paris task force (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Paris) . Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Architecture (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Architecture) Architecture portal (/wiki/Portal:Architecture) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Architecture (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Architecture) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Architecture (/wiki/Architecture) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Architecture) and see a list of open tasks. Architecture Wikipedia:WikiProject Architecture Template:WikiProject Architecture Architecture articles Museums (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Museums) museums portal (/wiki/Portal:Museums) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Museums (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Museums) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of museums (/wiki/Museums) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Museums) and see a list of open tasks. Museums Wikipedia:WikiProject Museums Template:WikiProject Museums Museums articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐pr9rq Cached time: 20240718162806 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.015 seconds CPU time usage: 0.227 seconds Real time usage: 0.315 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 560/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31804/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22031/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2504173/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 258.905 1 -total 100.00% 258.905 1 Template:WikiProjectBannerShell 42.51% 110.055 1 Template:WikiProject_France 7.29% 18.867 1 Template:WikiProject_Architecture 7.06% 18.267 1 Template:WikiProject_Museums 5.66% 14.653 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 2.69% 6.957 4 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60166311-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718162806 and revision id 1045369784. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:Musée_Galliera,_Paris_21_July_2017.jpg&oldid=1045369784 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:Musée_Galliera,_Paris_21_July_2017.jpg&oldid=1045369784) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : FM-Class France articles (/wiki/Category:FM-Class_France_articles) NA-importance France articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_France_articles) Paris task force articles (/wiki/Category:Paris_task_force_articles) All WikiProject France pages (/wiki/Category:All_WikiProject_France_pages) File-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) File-Class Architecture articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_Architecture_articles) NA-importance Architecture articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_Architecture_articles) NA-Class Museums articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Museums_articles) NA-importance Museums articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_Museums_articles)
2015 book by Dana Thomas Not to be confused with the film Exodus: Gods and Kings (/wiki/Exodus:_Gods_and_Kings) by Ridley Scott. Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano First edition (US) Author Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) Language English Subject Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) , Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Genre Non-fiction Published 2015 ( Penguin Press (/wiki/Penguin_Press) ) Publication place United States Media type Print, e-book Pages 432 pages ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-594-204942 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-594-204942) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano is a 2015 book by Paris-based American journalist Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Synopsis [ edit ] Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano is a double biography on the lives of two heralded British fashion designers, Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) and John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) . Reception [ edit ] Critical reception for Gods and Kings has been positive. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) wrote that "Ms. Thomas has produced a slightly seedy-feeling but, yes, addictive biography of two outsize personalities who seem less the gods or kings of her title than Captain Hook (/wiki/Captain_Hook) and Peter Pan (/wiki/Peter_Pan) ." [4] (#cite_note-4) In contrast , The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) heavily criticized the book for offering an uneven portrayal of McQueen and Galliano, stating that "to read her brass-tacks account, you’d get the impression that Galliano’s career has been fail after fail. She implicates the “gushing” fashion press in praising his work – we’re an easy bunch to disparage – yet she seems more or less blind to the meaning and emotion others may have felt at Galliano’s or McQueen’s shows." [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) ATKINSON, NATHALIE (February 13, 2015). "Globe & Mail" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/book-reviews/gods-and-kings-is-a-spectacular-work-of-reconstruction/article22984979/%7c/) . Retrieved December 9, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hensher, Phillip (February 7, 2015). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160310122125/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3579768321.html) 'Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano', by Dana Thomas - Review" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160310122125/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3579768321.html) . The Spectator (subscription required) . Archived from the original (https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3579768321.html) on March 10, 2016 . Retrieved 2015-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (http://www.newsobserver.com/living/fashion/article42945621.html) 'Gods and Kings' book tells stories of high-stakes fashion" (http://www.newsobserver.com/living/fashion/article42945621.html) . News Observer . Retrieved 2015-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Jacobs, Alexandra (2015-03-10). "Two Books Look Back at Fashion's Messy Choreography" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/fashion/two-books-look-back-at-fashions-messy-choreography.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2015-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mower, Sarah (22 February 2015). "Gods and Kings by Dana Thomas and Alexander McQueen by Andrew Wilson review – brutally unsympathetic lives" (https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/22/gods-and-kings-alexander-mcqueen-john-galliano-dana-thomas-beneath-the-skin-andrew-wilson-brutal-bio) . The Observer . Retrieved 2015-12-09 . External links [ edit ] "Five Lessons about Self-Destruction All Creative People Should Know" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150212073809/http://www.refinery29.com/gods-and-kings) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐s52h5 Cached time: 20240713035531 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.358 seconds Real time usage: 0.497 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1311/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36928/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1633/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32548/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.225/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5429715/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 428.290 1 -total 35.34% 151.371 1 Template:Infobox_book 25.30% 108.342 1 Template:Infobox 21.42% 91.741 1 Template:Reflist 19.38% 83.024 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 19.23% 82.344 2 Template:Navbox 16.89% 72.321 1 Template:Short_description 15.32% 65.634 3 Template:Cite_news 11.47% 49.113 1 Template:ISBNT 9.73% 41.674 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48760759-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713035531 and revision id 1222020206. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano&oldid=1222020206 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano&oldid=1222020206) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Biographical books (/wiki/Category:Biographical_books) 2015 non-fiction books (/wiki/Category:2015_non-fiction_books) Penguin Press books (/wiki/Category:Penguin_Press_books) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Category:Alexander_McQueen) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
Ear piercing (/wiki/Ear_piercing) is one of the oldest forms of body modification (/wiki/Body_modification) . It occurs when holes are created on the ear lobes (/wiki/Earlobe) or cartilage (/wiki/Cartilage) to allow the insertion of decorative ornaments, such as earrings (/wiki/Earring) . Ear piercing in children has been around for centuries as part of ritualistic (/wiki/Ritual) and cultural (/wiki/Culture) traditions but has continued to become a worldwide mainstream fashion (/wiki/Fashion) statement. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is extremely common in Nigeria, India, Brazil and Hispanic countries. [2] (#cite_note-2) Due to the pain and health risks associated with baby ear piercing, critics characterize it as a form of child abuse and have called for bans of the procedure. [3] (#cite_note-3) Petitions [ edit ] In the United States and the United Kingdom, the issue of whether or not parents and primary caregivers should consent to baby ear piercing is currently a hot debate (/wiki/Controversy) . [ citation needed ] According to a petition-making website 38 Degrees (/wiki/38_Degrees) , Susan Ingram implores the U.K. Minister of State for Children and Families (/wiki/Minister_for_Children_(United_Kingdom)) to set a minimum age requirement for ear piercing and make the practice illegal. She claims that pierced ears is equivalent to physical abuse and child cruelty (/wiki/Child_abuse) for the fear and pain inflicted. [4] (#cite_note-4) To this day, to pierce or not to pierce a baby's ears, like many other aesthetic decision, is still firmly a parental prerogative. Age restrictions [ edit ] Age restrictions, although not imposed, are not a result of medical evidence or physical complication, but rather to protect babies from potential risks in piercing their ears too early. Newborn infants have extremely small earlobes and the probability of misplaced piercings and infections would be higher. The immune system (/wiki/Immune_system) is also still developing, therefore creating a wound can open up the opportunity for infections. [5] (#cite_note-5) Infants are unable to consent (/wiki/Consent) to having the procedure. By piercing their ears, parents are taking away the child's opportunity to have such a choice. [6] (#cite_note-6) Additionally, pediatricians from the American Academy of Pediatrics (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics) (AAP) require parents to wait until their child is at least 6 months old to get their ears pierced. [7] (#cite_note-7) The older the child, the more likely that they will be taking responsibility for keeping their ears clean of infection. Precautions [ edit ] Medical ear piercing [ edit ] Dermatologists (/wiki/Dermatology) or pediatricians offer medical ear piercing services on a fee-for-service (/wiki/Fee-for-service) charge. [8] (#cite_note-8) The professional ensures a truly sterile (/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)) process for sanitation and follow basic safety protocols. Prior to piercing, the area to be punctured is thoroughly clean with an alcohol pad and pierced with a single-use sterile tool from its previously unopened packaging to prevent cross-contamination. Furthermore, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) stated that if the piercing is performed in a sterile environment and is cared for, there is little risk. [9] (#cite_note-9) Pain relief [ edit ] Ear piercing will always be somewhat painful, even if it is over in a matter of seconds. Dermatologists or pediatricians can prescribe a topical numbing with lidocaine (/wiki/Lidocaine) derivatives or apply ice to anesthetize (/wiki/Anesthesia) and numb the pain receptors (/wiki/Nociception) in the earlobes to reduce sensation. According to a journal article in Behaviour Research and Therapy , children often under predict their pain on their ears and reported significant procedural pain and anxiety. [10] (#cite_note-10) Health risks [ edit ] Mental health [ edit ] Piercings in children have been seen in religious and cultural ceremonies around the world. A national study of students showed that those with a single ear piercing can symbol a badge of identity or a sign of rebellion, leading to further body modification activities, such as more body piercings, tattoos, daring clothing, and extreme hairstyles. [11] (#cite_note-11) This causal relationship is very difficult to prove i.e. girls with piercings were two and a half times more likely than other girls to have used marijuana and to have smoked cigarettes in the past month. [12] (#cite_note-12) Some take this even further and state that ear piercing may lead to more body piercing, which serves as a marker for peer substance abuse, potential problem behavior associated with sexual intercourse, truancy, running away from home, and suicidal ideation. [13] (#cite_note-13) Physical health [ edit ] Infections [ edit ] Redness, swelling, itching, pain, and/or tenderness are all signs of possible infection (/wiki/Infection) . The risk of an ear piercing becoming infected is the highest during warm weather and shortly after the piercing has taken place. Case studies show that normal ear piercing infections may develop into serious infections caused by Pseudomonas (/wiki/Pseudomonas) and Staphylococcus (/wiki/Staphylococcus) , which are reported at rates of 10–30%. [14] (#cite_note-14) Although rare, there is also a theoretical risk of viral infection with hepatitis (/wiki/Hepatitis) B, C, and HIV (/wiki/HIV) , if ears are pierced by contaminated tools. Furthermore, infected deep soft tissue and abscess (/wiki/Abscess) at the site of infection have to be surgically drained or it can lead to ear deformities. [15] (#cite_note-15) Allergic reactions [ edit ] At a recent seminar sponsored by the American Academy of Dermatology (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology) , Alexander Fisher of New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) said that metal allergies (/wiki/Allergy) are activated after a trauma to the skin. [16] (#cite_note-16) Such allergies, with visible symptoms, such as an itchy rash, weeping skin, pain, and in extreme cases, bleeding and pus, are most often caused by exposure to nickel (/wiki/Nickel_allergy) and cobalt (/wiki/Cobalt) . These are common allergens (/wiki/Allergen) present in quality jewelry as well as in cheap costume jewelry. A baby can easily develop a condition called contact dermatitis (/wiki/Contact_dermatitis) from skin contact with material they have become sensitised to. To avoid metal allergies, Fisher recommends that ears be pierced only with stainless steel (/wiki/Stainless_steel) or titanium (/wiki/Titanium) needle. [17] (#cite_note-17) Keloids [ edit ] Keloids (/wiki/Keloid) are raised, reddened, fibrous growths that usually occur after surgical procedures or trauma and can cause significant cosmetic deformity. The ear is one of the most common sites of keloid formation, usually associated with the wearing of earrings caused by ear piercing. [18] (#cite_note-18) The scars, which usually take form of an inappropriately hard lump of tissue, are larger than the initial wound. There is still no definite treatment protocol described for keloids due to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis (/wiki/Pathogenesis) of its formation. Even if it is surgically removed, keloid recurrence rate ranges from 40–100% of the population. [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Fijalkowska, Marta; Pawel, Pisera; Kasielska, Anna; Antoszewski, Boguslaw (2011). "Should we say no to body piercing in children? Complications after ear piercing in children". International Journal of Dermatology . 50 (4): 467–469. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04778.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2010.04778.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21413962 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21413962) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 25773312 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25773312) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Indians, Hispanics and Nigerians defend Kylie Jenner over baby's pierced ears" (https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-44885213) . BBC News . July 19, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Marcer, Hilary; Finlay, Fiona; Jordan, Natasha (2006). "Body piercing in school children: a review of the issues". Community Practitioner . 79 (10): 328–330. PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 17061664 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17061664) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Peters, Terri (12 June 2015). "Petition aims to ban baby ear piercing" (http://www.today.com/parents/baby-ear-piercing-petition-aims-ban-practice-t25866) . Today Parents . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Macgregor, D.M. (2001). "The risks of ear piercing in children". Scottish Medical Journal . 46 (1): 9–10. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/003693300104600104 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003693300104600104) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11310362 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11310362) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 37742154 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37742154) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wellener, Mary Ann (2013). "Piercing baby's ears a parent's prerogative". Pittsburgh Post – Gazette. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 1266995751 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/1266995751) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Urist, Jacoba (14 January 2013). "Cute or cruel? Parents debate whether it's ok to pierce babies' ears" (http://www.today.com/parents/cute-or-cruel-parents-debate-whether-its-ok-pierce-babies-1B7953540) . Today Parents . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kale, Satish; Patil, Surendra; Jaiswal, Sumeet; Khare, Nishant (2010). "A novel technique of piercing ears" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010795) . Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery . 43 (2): 230. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4103/0970-0358.73475 (https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0970-0358.73475) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3010795 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010795) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21217993 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21217993) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Dennis, Zach. "Petition looks to make baby ear piercing illegal" (http://www.krmg.com/news/news/national/petition-looks-make-baby-ear-piercing-illegal/nmccz/) . KRMG News . ^ (#cite_ref-10) von Baeyer, Carl; Carlson, Gisele; Webb, Louise (1997). "Underprediction of pain in children undergoing ear piercing". Behaviour Research and Therapy . 35 (5): 399–404. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00127-1 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0005-7967%2896%2900127-1) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9149448 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9149448) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Poe, Susannah; Cronin, Anne (2014). "Health risks associated with tattoos and body piercing". Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management . 21 (7): 315–320. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Roberts, TA; Auinger, P; Ryan, SA (2004). "Body piercing and high-risk behavior in adolescents". J Adolesc Health . 34 (3): 224–229. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.06.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2003.06.005) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 14967346 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14967346) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Braithwaite, Ronald; Stephens, Torrance; Sterk, Claire; Braithwaite, Keisha (1999). "Risks associated with tattooing and body piercing". Journal of Public Health Policy . 20 (4): 459–470. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3343131 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3343131) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3343131 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3343131) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 10643171 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10643171) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 2973823 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2973823) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Stapleton, F Bruder (2004). "Infection after ear piercing". Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Cicchetti, S; Skillman, J; Gault, D (2002). "Piercing the upper ear: a simple infection, a difficult reconstruction" (https://doi.org/10.1054%2Fbjps.2001.3799) . British Journal of Plastic Surgery . 55 (3): 194–197. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1054/bjps.2001.3799 (https://doi.org/10.1054%2Fbjps.2001.3799) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 12041970 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12041970) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Fors, Ronny; Stenberg, Berndt; Stenlund, Hans; Maurits, Persson (2012). "Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic appliances – a population study". Contact Dermatitis . 67 (6): 342–350. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02097.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0536.2012.02097.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22631615 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22631615) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 13427869 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13427869) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Berg, Paul (1986). "Ear piercing can spark allergy to metals". ^ (#cite_ref-18) Hochman, Bernardo; Isoldi, Felipe; Silveira, Tiago; Borba, Graizela; Ferreira, Lydia (2015). "Does ear keloid formation depend on the type of earrings or piercing jewelry?". Australasian Journal of Dermatology . 56 (3): 77–79. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bhat, Vadisha (2014). "Ear piercing: the sad story behind ear lobule keloid" (https://doi.org/10.4103%2F2278-344x.138612) . International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences . 3 (3): 210. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4103/2278-344x.138612 (https://doi.org/10.4103%2F2278-344x.138612) . 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< User talk:Osbus (/wiki/User_talk:Osbus) PLEASE DO NOT EDIT __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!"],"text":"Welcome to the Wikipedia!","linkableTitle":"Welcome to the Wikipedia!"} Welcome to the Wikipedia ! [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!","timestamp":"2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!"],"text":"Welcome to the Wikipedia!","linkableTitle":"Welcome to the Wikipedia!"} Hello, and Welcome (/wiki/Wikipedia:Welcome,_newcomers) to the Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia) , Osbus! Thanks for weighing in over on the Recently created admins (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Recently_created_admins) discussion. Hope you enjoy editing here and becoming a Wikipedian (/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians) ! Here are a few perfunctory tips to hasten your acculturation (/wiki/Acculturation) into the Wikipedia experience: Take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial (/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial) and Manual of Style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . When you have time, you can peruse The five pillars of Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars) , and Assume good faith (/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith) , but keep in mind the unique style you brought to the Wiki! Always keep the notion of NPOV (/wiki/NPOV) in mind, be respectful of others' POV (/wiki/POV) , and remember your perspective on the meaning of neutrality is invaluable ! If you need any help (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help) , post your question at the Help Desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk) . Explore, be bold in editing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold_in_updating_pages) , and, above all else, have fun! And some odds and ends: Boilerplate text (/wiki/Wikipedia:Boilerplate_text) , Brilliant prose (/wiki/Wikipedia:Brilliant_prose) , Cite your sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite_your_sources) , Civility (/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility) , Conflict resolution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_resolution) , How to edit a page (/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page) , How to write a great article (/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_write_a_great_article) , Pages needing attention (/wiki/Wikipedia:Pages_needing_attention) , Peer review (/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review) , Policy Library (/wiki/Wikipedia:Policy_Library) , Utilities (/wiki/Wikipedia:Utilities) , Verifiability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) , Village pump (/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump) , Wikiquette (/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiquette) , and you can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes: ~~~~. Best of luck, Osbus, and most importantly, have fun! Ombudsman (/wiki/User:Ombudsman) 21:22, 12 February 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z","author":"Ombudsman","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ombudsman-2006-02-12T21:22:00.000Z-Welcome_to_the_Wikipedia!","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Don't_do_that-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that"],"text":"Don't do that","linkableTitle":"Don't do that"} Don't do that [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Don't_do_that-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that","timestamp":"2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Don't_do_that-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that"],"text":"Don't do that","linkableTitle":"Don't do that"} Pleeease, don't do this (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Article_Improvement_Drive&diff=next&oldid=41988645) again. That's considered vandalism (/wiki/Wikipedia:VAND) . You can get blocked for that. -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) 16:57, 3 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z","author":"Dijxtra","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-03T16:57:00.000Z-Don't_do_that","replies":[]}} Warning [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Warning","replies":[]}} Please stop. If you continue to vandalize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism) pages, you will be blocked (/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy) from editing Wikipedia. -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Question-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z-Question"],"text":"Question","linkableTitle":"Question"} Question [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Question-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z-Question"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__8__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Question-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z-Question"],"text":"Question","linkableTitle":"Question"} If you want me to stop vandalizing, then tell me what I'm doing wrong first. I looked up the vandalism page thing and it said if I don't know that I'm vandalizing, then I'm not. Besides, I just asked you a simple question on your talk page, how the hell is that vandalizing. And please, answer this b/c I would like to stay an active member on Wikipedia and continue contributing. Chill, not only am I relatively new here but I'm probably a lot younger than you Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 14:52, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z-Question) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z-Question","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z"]}} This are the problems: [1] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Article_Improvement_Drive&diff=next&oldid=41988645) , [2] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Dijxtra&diff=prev&oldid=42198629) , [3] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Dijxtra&diff=next&oldid=42198906) . Here you can see that after you edit a part of the page, the whole page gets messed up. I thought you do that on purpose because you are some kind of sick person. But, now I realised that you maybe are not doing that on purpose. Now, let's see what could be the problem. Do you have any idea why parts of pages get removed when you edit them? -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) 15:18, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z","author":"Dijxtra","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T14:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z"]}} Whoa, that's really strange...I wish I knew what was wrong. But I noticed when I edit my own talk page nothing gets deleted Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 15:21, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z"]}} Do you have any kind of content filter? -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) 15:28, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z","author":"Dijxtra","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z"]}} No. When I edited some pages before the lacrosse nomination, nothing got deleted Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 15:32, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T15:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z"]}} Hm. Don't know. You could try asking at Village pump (/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)) ... -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) 16:15, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z","author":"Dijxtra","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T15:32:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z"]}} If I do,I'll just screw up the page again Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 18:37, 4 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":7,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z-Dijxtra-2006-03-04T16:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dijxtra-2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z"]}} Well, if you explain that you don't know why this is happening, I'm sure they'll understand... -- Dijxtra (/wiki/User:Dijxtra) 01:37, 5 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Dijxtra-2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z","author":"Dijxtra","type":"comment","level":8,"id":"c-Dijxtra-2006-03-05T01:37:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-03-04T18:37:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-All_right-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right"],"text":"All right","linkableTitle":"All right"} All right [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-All_right-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right","timestamp":"2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-All_right-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right"],"text":"All right","linkableTitle":"All right"} So,I have decided to continue editing, but if I do vandalize by accident and screw up the page, please understand it is an accident. I have looked at the preview to make sure nothing I did not want to change was changed. Thank you. Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 23:32, 10 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-10T23:32:00.000Z-All_right","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hey,_you-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you"],"text":"Hey, you","linkableTitle":"Hey, you"} Hey, you [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hey,_you-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you","timestamp":"2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hey,_you-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you"],"text":"Hey, you","linkableTitle":"Hey, you"} I was using my minor skills in Latin (/wiki/Latin) to accompany your story. I was actually surfing userpages through userboxes and I found yours. I'm kind of bored often/procrastinating. Shawn (/wiki/User:Brookshawn) 01:26, 14 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z","author":"Brookshawn","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Brookshawn-2006-03-14T01:26:00.000Z-Hey,_you","replies":[],"displayName":"Shawn"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal","c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal"],"text":"Rock 'n Roll Portal","linkableTitle":"Rock 'n Roll Portal"} Rock 'n Roll Portal [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal","c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal","c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal"],"text":"Rock 'n Roll Portal","linkableTitle":"Rock 'n Roll Portal"} You're working on it right. I'm willing to help out, only I'm not exactly sure what to do, seeing as I'm relatively new here. I'll figure it out, but if there's anything in specific you want done, let me know. Qeee1 (/wiki/User:Qeee1) 22:39, 16 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","author":"Qeee1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z"]}} No problem. If it's not too late, though, you may want to move (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging_and_moving_pages) it to Portal:Rock and Roll (/wiki/Portal:Rock_and_Roll) for consistency (we use the "and" over "n' " and "&" whenever possible, outside of official names). Be sure to move the subpages and check for double redirects (/wiki/Wikipedia:Double_redirects) .-- HereToHelp (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:HereToHelp) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/HereToHelp) ) 23:47, 16 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z","author":"HereToHelp","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-16T22:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T16:49:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z"]}} Hey, my email is qeee1@lycos.com, send me the doc then and I'll see what I can do. Qeee1 (/wiki/User:Qeee1) 16:49, 17 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T16:49:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-17T16:49:00.000Z","author":"Qeee1","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T16:49:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-16T23:47:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Ok, I've made a new version of the portal, let me know what you think. The reasons for not following your design exactly: Firstly the box at the top. Wikipedia in trying to be an encyclopedia, tries to standardise things such as portals, and as far as I can see all the other portals use the typical Introduction box. If you want to change that I think you'd have to change the convention itself as it would look bad for just one portal to have it the other way. Featured band/artist is too restrictive, it disallows many of the other great articles people might write. A featured article option is much more inclusive and undoubtably most of the articles will be ban/artist articles anyway. Featured picture... well this is just my own personal preference but I think it really enhances the portals it's used on. A categories section works better than an articles section if you expect the portal to grow a lot, which I'm hoping it will. The did you know section is again just personal preference. Accepting all those points, the layout there is the most workable, with big boxes to the left and smaller ones to the right. Hope I haven't annoyed you too much. Well let me know and we'll try work something out. Qeee1 (/wiki/User:Qeee1) 22:53, 17 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z","author":"Qeee1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z-Rock_'n_Roll_Portal","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z"]}} Add Rock and Roll Birthdays, everyone likes that stuff... I look some information on it if you want me to.-- IAMTHE E GGMAN ( talk ) 18:55, 19 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z","author":"IAMTHEEGGMAN","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T18:55:00.000Z-Qeee1-2006-03-17T22:53:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"IAMTHE"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Your_design-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design"],"text":"Your design","linkableTitle":"Your design"} Your design [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Your_design-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design","timestamp":"2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Your_design-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design"],"text":"Your design","linkableTitle":"Your design"} Okay, so I was working on it and this was the best I could come up with: Portal: ROCK AND ROLL "Wikipedia has it's own rock and roll portal?" "Yes it does." {{Portal:Rock_and_Roll/Intro}} I dunno though, it doesn't look the best. Just to briefly explain it: The first line sets the parameters for the table. The second line sets the parameters for the first "cell" (the column that's blue). To change that colour by the way, go to where it says style="background:blue; and change "blue" to something else, you can replace it with a hex code. For a wider variety of colours and more info go to Web colors (/wiki/Web_colors) . Oh and the bit just after that is setting the default font color for that cell to white. The next big chunk is what is actually in the first column. You might want to change where it has "font color". After that you got the parameters for the second column, what's in the second column and closing the table. The whole thing will have to go to where the first chunk of writing on the portal is. Well after all the "div" stuff, there should be a chunk corresponding to the intro. Also then you'll need to change Portal:Rock_and_Roll/box-header (/wiki/Portal:Rock_and_Roll/box-header) and change where it says "background color", or background or something. There should be a hex code there relating to the orange that's currently in place. I'd advise getting "here to help"'s advice first though, as I've messed up some stuff by accident already and he seems to know what he's doing. Qeee1 (/wiki/User:Qeee1) 13:08, 18 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z","author":"Qeee1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Qeee1-2006-03-18T13:08:00.000Z-Your_design","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-R_and_R_Birthdays-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays"],"text":"R and R Birthdays","linkableTitle":"R and R Birthdays"} R and R Birthdays [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-R_and_R_Birthdays-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays","timestamp":"2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-R_and_R_Birthdays-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays"],"text":"R and R Birthdays","linkableTitle":"R and R Birthdays"} It would be everyweek, I already have ones for this week up Portal:Rock and Roll/Birthdays (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Rock_and_Roll/Birthdays&action=edit&redlink=1) . If you want to add it... -- IAMTHE E GGMAN ( talk ) 21:26, 19 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays) P.S. Here's the link (http://www.rockonthenet.com/birthdays/index.htm) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z","author":"IAMTHEEGGMAN","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:26:00.000Z-R_and_R_Birthdays","replies":[],"displayName":"IAMTHE"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas"],"text":"A lot of My Rock Portal Ideas","linkableTitle":"A lot of My Rock Portal Ideas"} A lot of My Rock Portal (/wiki/Portal:Rock_and_Roll) Ideas [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas","timestamp":"2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas"],"text":"A lot of My Rock Portal Ideas","linkableTitle":"A lot of My Rock Portal Ideas"} Here is a list of em... and it's a lot Band of the Week A directory to Category:Guitarists, Bassists etc. Instrument/Musician of the Week Rock and Roll Quotes (" These go to eleven (/wiki/This_is_Spinal_Tap) " Also I have a lot of featured pic ideas More to Come... -- IAMTHE E GGMAN ( talk ) 21:40, 19 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z","author":"IAMTHEEGGMAN","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-19T21:40:00.000Z-A_lot_of_My_Rock_Portal_Ideas","replies":[],"displayName":"IAMTHE"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Re:Re:Ideas-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas"],"text":"Re:Re:Ideas","linkableTitle":"Re:Re:Ideas"} Re:Re:Ideas [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Re:Re:Ideas-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas","timestamp":"2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Re:Re:Ideas-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas"],"text":"Re:Re:Ideas","linkableTitle":"Re:Re:Ideas"} If you look at the French one that have a directory for the bassists, guitarists etc. And for pics, I was thinking Album Covers (Pink Floyd, Zeppelin).-- IAMTHE E GGMAN ( talk ) 00:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","author":"IAMTHEEGGMAN","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-IAMTHEEGGMAN-2006-03-20T00:00:00.000Z-Re:Re:Ideas","replies":[],"displayName":"IAMTHE"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals...-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals..."],"text":"If you're going to do a bunch of Portals...","linkableTitle":"If you're going to do a bunch of Portals..."} If you're going to do a bunch of Portals... [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals...-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals..."]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals...-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals..."],"text":"If you're going to do a bunch of Portals...","linkableTitle":"If you're going to do a bunch of Portals..."} ...you should probably read Wikipedia:Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal) , including the section on how to create them. When you put stuff on the CBB (/wiki/Wikipedia:CBB) , make it short and sweet. Bold the main item. Just a few ideas.-- Here (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) T oHelp (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) 00:45, 20 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals...) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","author":"HereToHelp","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z-If_you're_going_to_do_a_bunch_of_Portals...","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Here"}} Also, add anything that isn't finished to Category:Portals needing attention (/wiki/Category:Portals_needing_attention) using the following code: [[Category:Portals needing attention\|{{PAGENAME}}]] Hope that helps.-- Here (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) T oHelp (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) 00:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z","author":"HereToHelp","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:48:00.000Z-HereToHelp-2006-03-20T00:45:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Here"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Portal:Fashion-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion"],"text":"Portal:Fashion","linkableTitle":"Portal:Fashion"} Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Portal:Fashion-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion","timestamp":"2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Portal:Fashion-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion"],"text":"Portal:Fashion","linkableTitle":"Portal:Fashion"} Of course I'm glad to help work on Portal:Fashion! By the way, do you want me to do anything in specific? -- T B C ??? ??? ??? 20:06, 24 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z","author":"TBC","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TBC-2006-03-24T20:06:00.000Z-Portal:Fashion","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-rock_portal-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","replies":["c-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z-rock_portal","c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal"],"text":"rock portal","linkableTitle":"rock portal"} rock portal [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-rock_portal-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","replies":["c-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z-rock_portal","c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal","timestamp":"2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-rock_portal-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","replies":["c-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z-rock_portal","c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal"],"text":"rock portal","linkableTitle":"rock portal"} Hello, First, sorry for my english, I'll try being understandable :). I have sent few words in the french wiki and I have asked people for helping you and for sending you a message here. I wish someone could help :). K!roman (/w/index.php?title=User:K!roman&action=edit&redlink=1) 21:01, 24 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z-rock_portal) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z","author":"K!roman","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-K!roman-2006-03-24T21:01:00.000Z-rock_portal","replies":[]}} Hello. I'm an other french wikipedian. For the portal, the template which structures everything is [4] (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Portail_Rock/Composant) . It gives the look and the color of the others templates. The sections we have are: Nice quotes of jimi hendrix and Elvis presley and the guitar pic. On the left: "what is rock and roll" > a quick introduction Article of the month where we ask for help to write around a topic Categories around rock Musicians and bands classified by instrument and alphebetical order Rock and roll genres and subgenres Right: light on > (i dont know how translate that) It's a selected article News on rock/current events (albums released...) Do you know > anecdotes New articles On the bottom, a link to the rock project. Hoping it will be usefull. Boeb'is (/wiki/User:Boeb%27is) 20:03, 27 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z","author":"Boeb'is","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Boeb'is-2006-03-27T20:03:00.000Z-rock_portal","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Simon_Byrne_FAC-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z-Simon_Byrne_FAC"],"text":"Simon Byrne FAC","linkableTitle":"Simon Byrne FAC"} Simon Byrne FAC [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Simon_Byrne_FAC-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z-Simon_Byrne_FAC"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Simon_Byrne_FAC-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z-Simon_Byrne_FAC"],"text":"Simon Byrne FAC","linkableTitle":"Simon Byrne FAC"} Than you for your support. Regarding your comments: I have have been looking for ages for more information on his earlier life, especially before he left Ireland, but I can't find any more. I suspect records etc. in Ireland at that period where even more haphazzard than in England. Records in the UK started only in 1837, so unless someone was particularly high born, (which as a rule bare-knuckle fighters were not) little is available. Hopefully some day something might turn up, but so far this article seems to be the most detailed assembly of facts about him in books or on the internet. Thanks again. Giano (/wiki/User:Giano) \| talk (/wiki/User_talk:Giano) 12:43, 30 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z-Simon_Byrne_FAC) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","author":"Giano","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z-Simon_Byrne_FAC","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z"]}} No problem...great article. Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 17:13, 30 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-03-30T17:13:00.000Z-Giano-2006-03-30T12:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Images-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images"],"text":"Images","linkableTitle":"Images"} Images [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Images-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images","timestamp":"2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Images-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images"],"text":"Images","linkableTitle":"Images"} Yes, you can upload images of bands. But not just any old image you pull off the internet. Generally they need to be pictures you've taken yourself. Sometimes promo pictures from a presskit are acceptable, but only for articles about the band. Album cover images are as well, but only for the album. Wikipedia:Copyright (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright) tries to explain it. SchmuckyTheCat (/wiki/User:SchmuckyTheCat) 21:16, 30 March 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z","author":"SchmuckyTheCat","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-SchmuckyTheCat-2006-03-30T21:16:00.000Z-Images","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA"],"text":"My (HereToHelp\u2019s) RfA","linkableTitle":"My (HereToHelp\u2019s) RfA"} My (HereToHelp’s) RfA [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA","timestamp":"2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA"],"text":"My (HereToHelp\u2019s) RfA","linkableTitle":"My (HereToHelp\u2019s) RfA"} Thank you for supporting my RfA (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/HereToHelp) . I’m proud to inform you that it passed with 75 support to 1 oppose to 2 neutral. I promise to make some great edits in the future (with edit summaries!) and use these powers to do all that I can to help. After all, that’s what I’m here for! (You didn’t think I could send a thank you note without a bad joke, could I?) -- Here (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) T oHelp (/wiki/User:HereToHelp) 13:13, 1 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp’s)_RfA) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z","author":"HereToHelp","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-HereToHelp-2006-04-01T13:13:00.000Z-My_(HereToHelp\u2019s)_RfA","replies":[],"displayName":"Here"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot"],"text":"Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot","linkableTitle":"Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot"} Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot","timestamp":"2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot"],"text":"Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot","linkableTitle":"Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot"} SuggestBot (/wiki/User:SuggestBot) predicts that you will enjoy editing some of these articles. 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It tries to recommend only articles that other Wikipedians have marked as needing work. Your contributions make Wikipedia better -- thanks for helping. If you have feedback on how to make SuggestBot better, please tell me on SuggestBot's talk page (/wiki/User_talk:SuggestBot) . Thanks from ForteTuba (/wiki/User:ForteTuba) , SuggestBot's caretaker. P.S. You received these suggestions because your name was listed on the SuggestBot request page (/wiki/User:SuggestBot/Requests) . If this was in error, sorry about the confusion. -- SuggestBot (/wiki/User:SuggestBot) 20:59, 4 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z","author":"SuggestBot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-SuggestBot-2006-04-04T20:59:00.000Z-Articles_you_might_like_to_edit,_from_SuggestBot","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","replies":["c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship"],"text":"Wikipedia_talk:Censorship","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia talk:Censorship"} Wikipedia_talk:Censorship (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Censorship) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","replies":["c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship","timestamp":"2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","replies":["c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship"],"text":"Wikipedia_talk:Censorship","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia talk:Censorship"} A watered-down version of the proposed policy against censorship is now open for voting. Will you kindly review the policy and make your opinions known? Thank you very much. Loom91 (/wiki/User:Loom91) 18:20, 5 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z","author":"Loom91","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Loom91-2006-04-05T18:20:00.000Z-Wikipedia_talk:Censorship","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-yay-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay"],"text":"yay","linkableTitle":"yay"} yay [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-yay-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay","timestamp":"2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-yay-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay"],"text":"yay","linkableTitle":"yay"} Yay, I've got more than 500 edits! Next party: 1000th edit -- Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 15:53, 8 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-08T15:53:00.000Z-yay","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice"],"text":"Community Justice","linkableTitle":"Community Justice"} Community Justice [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice"],"text":"Community Justice","linkableTitle":"Community Justice"} Welcome to Wikipedia:Community Justice (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice) ! Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 11:55, 9 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z"]}} Thanks. -- Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 13:54, 9 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-09T13:54:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-09T11:55:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-COTW-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW"],"text":"COTW","linkableTitle":"COTW"} COTW [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-COTW-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW","timestamp":"2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-COTW-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW"],"text":"COTW","linkableTitle":"COTW"} I agree with your comment on my talk page (/wiki/User_talk:Scottwiki) that Spoon (band) (/wiki/Spoon_(band)) would be a good nominee for COTW (/wiki/Wikipedia:COTW) . The instructions for nominating an article are here: [5] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Collaboration_of_the_week#Nominating_articles) . Feel free to let me know if you have any difficulties with the instructions. - Scottwiki (/wiki/User:Scottwiki) 00:50, 11 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z","author":"Scottwiki","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Scottwiki-2006-04-11T00:50:00.000Z-COTW","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alpha_Phi_Alpha-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z-Alpha_Phi_Alpha"],"text":"Alpha Phi Alpha","linkableTitle":"Alpha Phi Alpha"} Alpha Phi Alpha [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alpha_Phi_Alpha-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z-Alpha_Phi_Alpha"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alpha_Phi_Alpha-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z-Alpha_Phi_Alpha"],"text":"Alpha Phi Alpha","linkableTitle":"Alpha Phi Alpha"} thanks for your peer view on Alpha Phi Alpha (/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha) . I will do more research on the history. The most controversy seems to be within the organzation as opposed to outside forces, but, i will do more research. thanks again 67.34.216.81 (/w/index.php?title=User:67.34.216.81&action=edit&redlink=1) 14:27, 11 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z-Alpha_Phi_Alpha) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","author":"67.34.216.81","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z-Alpha_Phi_Alpha","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z"]}} No problem. -- Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 14:15, 13 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-13T14:15:00.000Z-67.34.216.81-2006-04-11T14:27:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice"],"text":"Wikipedia:Community Justice","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia:Community Justice"} Wikipedia:Community Justice (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice","timestamp":"2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice"],"text":"Wikipedia:Community Justice","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia:Community Justice"} This is a notification reminding you all, especially councillors, that we are having a meeting where we will try to review progress so far and make a few decisions. This meeting will be held on a wikipage, and well end on Saturday 15th April. You can partake in the meeting here (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Justice/Meeting) . Thank you, Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 17:21, 11 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice) (Chairman of WP:CJ (/wiki/Wikipedia:CJ) .) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-11T17:21:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice","replies":[]}} Message delivered through AWB (/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB) . Portal:Rock n' Roll message [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Portal:Rock_n'_Roll_message","replies":[]}} You sent me a message regarding this some time ago, and while I am very interested in this Portal, I know next to nothing about it. Can you perhaps fill me in on some details? Thanks. __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternative_music_Wikiproject-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z-Alternative_music_Wikiproject"],"text":"Alternative music Wikiproject","linkableTitle":"Alternative music Wikiproject"} Alternative music Wikiproject [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternative_music_Wikiproject-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z-Alternative_music_Wikiproject"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternative_music_Wikiproject-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z-Alternative_music_Wikiproject"],"text":"Alternative music Wikiproject","linkableTitle":"Alternative music Wikiproject"} Hey, thanks for signing up for my proposed alt-rock Wikiproject. I think I might officially start it within the next week. I was wondering what particular areas of alternative music do you think you can most contribute to, as well as if you have the ability to contribute sound, images, sources, and so forth to articles. Thanks. WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 08:12, 13 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z-Alternative_music_Wikiproject) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z-Alternative_music_Wikiproject","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z"]}} Feel free to edit my proposal page; I plan to start the project officially soon and I would like feedback on it. WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 02:25, 15 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-15T02:25:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-13T08:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Editcounter-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter"],"text":"Editcounter","linkableTitle":"Editcounter"} Editcounter [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Editcounter-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter","timestamp":"2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Editcounter-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter"],"text":"Editcounter","linkableTitle":"Editcounter"} Hi, what exactly isn't working about it? I'm not very familiar with it (I was only helping for a few days), but it's possible you don't have all the requirments (The JRE). Let me know exactly what errors it's giving you, and I'll try to help. Better yet, ask Titoxd (/wiki/User:Titoxd) , he is very active in the development. Cheers -- light darkness ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Lightdarkness) ) 00:28, 16 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z","author":"Lightdarkness","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Lightdarkness-2006-04-16T00:28:00.000Z-Editcounter","replies":[],"displayName":"light"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikiproject_started-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started","c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started"],"text":"Wikiproject started","linkableTitle":"Wikiproject started"} Wikiproject started [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikiproject_started-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started","c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikiproject_started-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started","c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started"],"text":"Wikiproject started","linkableTitle":"Wikiproject started"} Ok, I started the project, which is located at Wikipedia:WikiProject Alternative music (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Alternative_music) . Can you make the portal and template? WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 22:52, 16 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T00:24:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z"]}} Oh, I mean the shortcut at the top of the page. Also, the Project template should link to alternative rock (/wiki/Alternative_rock) , since "alternative music" is a redirect to that page anyway. I'll get back to you on other ideas as I can. Unfortunately I received some injuries last night so I mgiht be slow in responding or editing in the next few days. WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 00:24, 17 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T00:24:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-17T00:24:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T00:24:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-16T22:52:00.000Z","replies":[]}} A Wikiproject template has been made by another participant. After you make the shortcuts (and possibly a userbox) I'll start pasting it on articles. A thought: Do we restrict posting the Alternative music project template (/wiki/Template:Wikiproject_Alternative_music) to genres, or should we put it on relevant band and artist articles as well? WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 22:28, 17 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z-Wikiproject_started","replies":["c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z"]}} Go ahead. Persomally I like the project template the way it is, but I can see where the phrasing can be more succinct. WesleyDodds (/wiki/User:WesleyDodds) 00:29, 18 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z","author":"WesleyDodds","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-WesleyDodds-2006-04-18T00:29:00.000Z-WesleyDodds-2006-04-17T22:28:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG"],"text":"Image copyright problem with Image:Rebuild.JPG","linkableTitle":"Image copyright problem with Image:Rebuild.JPG"} Image copyright problem with Image:Rebuild.JPG [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG","timestamp":"2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG"],"text":"Image copyright problem with Image:Rebuild.JPG","linkableTitle":"Image copyright problem with Image:Rebuild.JPG"} Thanks for uploading Image:Rebuild.JPG (/w/index.php?title=File:Rebuild.JPG&action=edit&redlink=1) . The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag (/wiki/Wikipedia:ICT) , it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well. For more information on using images, see the following pages: Wikipedia:Image use policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy) Wikipedia:Image copyright tags (/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags) This is an automated notice by OrphanBot (/wiki/User:OrphanBot) . For assistance on the image use policy, see Wikipedia:Media copyright questions (/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_copyright_questions) . 11:48, 17 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z","author":"OrphanBot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-OrphanBot-2006-04-17T11:48:00.000Z-Image_copyright_problem_with_Image:Rebuild.JPG","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections"],"text":"Wikipedia:Community Justice\/Elections","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia:Community Justice\/Elections"} Wikipedia:Community Justice/Elections (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice/Elections) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections"],"text":"Wikipedia:Community Justice\/Elections","linkableTitle":"Wikipedia:Community Justice\/Elections"} As Wikipedia:Community Justice (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice) has over 30 members, we are beginning the elections process. If you are interested in becoming the chairman, the chief executive or councillor please add yourslef, and a statement, to Wikipedia:Community Justice/Elections (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice/Elections) . Voting shall begin on April 24th, and end on May 1st. To see if you are eligible for a vote, please see Wikipedia:Community Justice/Elections (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice/Elections) . Thank you, Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 20:54, 17 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice/Elections) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Community_Justice\/Elections","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z"]}} Also, remember to register to vote! Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 20:26, 18 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-18T20:26:00.000Z-Computerjoe-2006-04-17T20:54:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LAX-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z-LAX","c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX"],"text":"LAX","linkableTitle":"LAX"} LAX [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LAX-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z-LAX","c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX","timestamp":"2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LAX-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","replies":["c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z-LAX","c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX"],"text":"LAX","linkableTitle":"LAX"} Hi Osbus, what u suggested sounds great (about the lacrosse articles). I love lacrosse and wish for it to have more exposure in the United States. You mean spicifically STX and/or Brine right? Yarnalgo (/wiki/User:Yarnalgo) 03:16, 18 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z-LAX) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z","author":"Yarnalgo","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:16:00.000Z-LAX","replies":[]}} I created a subpage (/w/index.php?title=User:Yarnalgo/Lacrosse&action=edit&redlink=1) for anything related to these articles (or any other lacrosse stuff). Also, I noticed you helped to start the alternative rock Wikiproject. I was hoping that you might help me some day start a Wikiproject:Lacrosse. Just a thought, and only if your interested, I don't want to force you to do this. Yarnalgo (/wiki/User:Yarnalgo) 03:31, 18 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z","author":"Yarnalgo","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Yarnalgo-2006-04-18T03:31:00.000Z-LAX","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_'Search_Queries'-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z-Regarding_'Search_Queries'"],"text":"Regarding 'Search Queries'","linkableTitle":"Regarding 'Search Queries'"} Regarding 'Search Queries' [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_'Search_Queries'-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z-Regarding_'Search_Queries'"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_'Search_Queries'-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z-Regarding_'Search_Queries'"],"text":"Regarding 'Search Queries'","linkableTitle":"Regarding 'Search Queries'"} Oh, your being VERY fair. So to say that littering the ENGLISH wikipedia WITH MY PROPSAL IS crap, & all others aren't? Not to say that even you agree it is a good idea. No, do you want to make Wikipedia better then stop hating on me! Oh, & get a username, how the hell do you have the right to tell me what to do; FYI, I'm not getting a username, cause I coudn't delete once I get it! iooiioioo@hotmail.com 68.148.165.213 (/w/index.php?title=User:68.148.165.213&action=edit&redlink=1) 07:04, 19 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z-Regarding_'Search_Queries') [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","author":"68.148.165.213","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z-Regarding_'Search_Queries'","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z"]}} I never said your proposal was crap and all others weren't. If that's what you got from my comments than I'm sorry. That's not what I meant, and I suggest to all anons to get a username. Do you mean for me to e-mail you? Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 20:34, 19 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-19T07:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z"]}} Yea that'd be a good idea. Thanks. 68.148.165.213 (/w/index.php?title=User:68.148.165.213&action=edit&redlink=1) 01:50, 20 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z","author":"68.148.165.213","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z-Osbus-2006-04-19T20:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z"]}} Thank you for letting me know you weren't singling me out/disciminating me. Yes your your '...statement was hateful_', not littered with hate, but, bottom line, made me feel, unhappy. 68.148.165.213 (/w/index.php?title=User:68.148.165.213&action=edit&redlink=1) 02:05, 20 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z","author":"68.148.165.213","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T02:05:00.000Z-68.148.165.213-2006-04-20T01:50:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Solar_eclipse-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse"],"text":"Solar eclipse","linkableTitle":"Solar eclipse"} Solar eclipse [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Solar_eclipse-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse","timestamp":"2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Solar_eclipse-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse"],"text":"Solar eclipse","linkableTitle":"Solar eclipse"} Hi, Thanks for trying to help on Solar eclipse (/wiki/Solar_eclipse) . Sorry I reverted your image formatting, but the series of images is supposed to represent one image. I also didn't see how it made things better. What is your main problem with the spacing, the two or three lines of text sticking out to the right? Regards, Nick Mks (/w/index.php?title=User:Nicki_Mennekens&action=edit&redlink=1) 14:30, 20 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z","author":"Nicki Mennekens","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Nicki_Mennekens-2006-04-20T14:30:00.000Z-Solar_eclipse","replies":[],"displayName":"Nick Mks"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-To_all_you_Cannabis_users-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users"],"text":"To all you Cannabis users","linkableTitle":"To all you Cannabis users"} To all you Cannabis users [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-To_all_you_Cannabis_users-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users","timestamp":"2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-To_all_you_Cannabis_users-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users"],"text":"To all you Cannabis users","linkableTitle":"To all you Cannabis users"} Happy 420 ,hehe -- Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 01:51, 21 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-21T01:51:00.000Z-To_all_you_Cannabis_users","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!"],"text":"Community Justice Voting has Begun!","linkableTitle":"Community Justice Voting has Begun!"} Community Justice Voting has Begun! [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!","timestamp":"2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!"],"text":"Community Justice Voting has Begun!","linkableTitle":"Community Justice Voting has Begun!"} I see you've registered to vote in the Community Justice (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice) elections, and I'm just telling you that now you can vote! Please cast your vote(s) at Wikipedia:Community Justice/Elections/Voting (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Justice/Elections/Voting) ; following instructions provided there. Thank you, Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 12:55, 24 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!) (current Chairman) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-04-24T12:55:00.000Z-Community_Justice_Voting_has_Begun!","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Elections-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections"],"text":"CJ Elections","linkableTitle":"CJ Elections"} CJ Elections [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Elections-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections","timestamp":"2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Elections-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections"],"text":"CJ Elections","linkableTitle":"CJ Elections"} Hi, the electoral rules have been changed after the election has begun: so I'm not sure what the hell is going on. It's a joke! -- Wisd (/wiki/User:Wisden17) e n17 (/wiki/User_talk:Wisden17) 20:50, 24 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z","author":"Wisden17","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Wisden17-2006-04-24T20:50:00.000Z-CJ_Elections","replies":[],"displayName":"Wisd"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-thanks!-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!"],"text":"thanks!","linkableTitle":"thanks!"} thanks! [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-thanks!-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!","timestamp":"2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-thanks!-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!"],"text":"thanks!","linkableTitle":"thanks!"} Thank you for your support of the Article Improvement Drive (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_Improvement_Drive) . This week Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) was selected to be improved to featured article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles) status (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article) . Hope you can help… Posted by (^'-')^ Covington (/wiki/User:Covington) 07:50, 24 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!) , on behalf of the the AID Maintenance Team [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z","author":"Covington","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Covington-2006-04-24T07:50:00.000Z-thanks!","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LETS_PARTY-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY"],"text":"LETS PARTY","linkableTitle":"LETS PARTY"} LETS PARTY [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LETS_PARTY-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY","timestamp":"2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-LETS_PARTY-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY"],"text":"LETS PARTY","linkableTitle":"LETS PARTY"} I have more than one thousand fucking edits(1003, including this one)! I know edit count shouldn't matter, but I'm still happy -- Osbus (/wiki/User:Osbus) 21:13, 25 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z","author":"Osbus","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Osbus-2006-04-25T21:13:00.000Z-LETS_PARTY","replies":[]}} Haha, no hard feelings. [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Haha,_no_hard_feelings.","replies":[]}} I didn't want you to think I a pervert. Haha, I was rollin' after that one. See you around. brainybassist (/wiki/User:Bassistphysicist) __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly"],"text":"Advocate Team Re: RfC Woggly","linkableTitle":"Advocate Team Re: RfC Woggly"} Advocate Team Re: RfC Woggly [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","timestamp":"2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly"],"text":"Advocate Team Re: RfC Woggly","linkableTitle":"Advocate Team Re: RfC Woggly"} I am presently coordinating a team of advocates re: my RfC for harassment / threats by user:woggly (/w/index.php?title=User:Woggly&action=edit&redlink=1) . I welcome you to be a member. Simply read the RFC lodged against me by user:woggly and the RFC which I have filed against her. It's really simple stuff when all of her harassment and my (and others) various attempts to resolve any issues are in black and white. Please also view the talks pages where Woggly admits to harassment and infers that she will not cease. Thank you for your consideration. Best wishes, IsraelBeach (/wiki/User:Israelbeach) 15:47, 28 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z","author":"Israelbeach","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","replies":["c-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z"]}} Osbus, thanks for your kind, generous offer to assist. I am the subject of a RfC by user:Woggly (/w/index.php?title=User:Woggly&action=edit&redlink=1) and have in turn filed a RfC against her. The latest feedback I received was from user:El_C (/wiki/User:El_C) who appears to be moderating my RfC against Woggly. This is what he has to say: "Hi again. I'm afraid that falls short of what is needed, since the tone behind the comments does not appear conducive to resolving the dispute (it appears near- patronising and condescending, at times). Additionally, no diffs are provided, so the respective contexts cannot be guaged. The items should involve a brief-sentence summary followed by a diff, rather than quoting whole responses unsourced. Also, I find it noteworthy that the final addition highlights my original point: on letting someone withdraw from a dispute if they so wish (that is, why continue to pursue the conflict if she will no longer a factor?). El_C (/wiki/User:El_C) 07:48, 27 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z","author":"El C","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-El_C-2006-04-27T07:48:00.000Z-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T15:47:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"El_C"}} I believe that EL_C is an objective and professional administrator but needs certain criteria completed. As this is my first RfC and being the one who has filed, I am subjective and need objective, creative organization for my defense in the RfC that Woggly filed against me and a creative, aggresive offense in the RfC which I filed against Woggly. Bottom-line: for political and or religious purposes Woggly and a few others are coming at me. I created a successful community chat room in Israel on Yahoo groups "NewRaanana" (subject of a cover story in the Jerusalem Post (http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1143498884874&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull) which they are threatened by and I believe this is what motivates their hate, personal attacks and present actions. Can you redesign my RfC against Woggly and add to my response to her RfC. I have nothing to hide here, no need to go to private e-mail. Let's keep this open for all to learn from. Many thanks, best wishes, IsraelBeach (/wiki/User:Israelbeach) 21:16, 28 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z","author":"Israelbeach","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:16:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","replies":[]}} Osbus - thanks for coming to the rescue here :> All of the personal attacks have been posted on Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Woggly (/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Woggly&action=edit&redlink=1) Best wishes, IsraelBeach (/wiki/User:Israelbeach) 21:45, 28 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z","author":"Israelbeach","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Israelbeach-2006-04-28T21:45:00.000Z-Advocate_Team_Re:_RfC_Woggly","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Voting-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z-CJ_Voting"],"text":"CJ Voting","linkableTitle":"CJ Voting"} CJ Voting [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Voting-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z-CJ_Voting"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-CJ_Voting-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z-CJ_Voting"],"text":"CJ Voting","linkableTitle":"CJ Voting"} I am now allowed to vote for concille because I dropped out because I had no chance of winning. So I am voting. General Eisenhower (/wiki/User:General_Eisenhower) 23:25, 28 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z-CJ_Voting) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","author":"General Eisenhower","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z-CJ_Voting","replies":["c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z"]}} I dropped out of the elections . I have no chance. General Eisenhower (/wiki/User:General_Eisenhower) 23:42, 28 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z","author":"General Eisenhower","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:42:00.000Z-General_Eisenhower-2006-04-28T23:25:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage"],"text":"Regarding the usage of Image:Clockwork hat.jpg on your userpage","linkableTitle":"Regarding the usage of Image:Clockwork hat.jpg on your userpage"} Regarding the usage of Image:Clockwork hat.jpg (/w/index.php?title=File:Clockwork_hat.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1) on your userpage [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","timestamp":"2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage"],"text":"Regarding the usage of Image:Clockwork hat.jpg on your userpage","linkableTitle":"Regarding the usage of Image:Clockwork hat.jpg on your userpage"} This image in question is a copyrighted image, licensed for fair use on Wikipedia articles, which are subject to usage only to illustrate the movie in question and Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement . Kindly comply and remove the image from your userpage. Regards, -- Andy123 (talk) 01:26, 29 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","author":"Anirudhsbh","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z-Regarding_the_usage_of_Image:Clockwork_hat.jpg_on_your_userpage","replies":["c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Andy123"}} Thanks for removing the earlier image, Osbus... but, Yikes! there is another image of questionable copyright status on your userpage. Why not make it safe and use a creative commons licensed or a gfdl licensed image on your page? Tell you what, you can use my picture (/w/index.php?title=File:Anirudh.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1) if you like. ;-) -- Andy123 (talk) 02:00, 29 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z","author":"Anirudhsbh","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T02:00:00.000Z-Anirudhsbh-2006-04-29T01:26:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Andy123"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-History_of_El_Salvador-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador"],"text":"History of El Salvador","linkableTitle":"History of El Salvador"} History of El Salvador [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-History_of_El_Salvador-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador","timestamp":"2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-History_of_El_Salvador-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador"],"text":"History of El Salvador","linkableTitle":"History of El Salvador"} Thanks for your revert to History of El Salvador (/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador) -- but note that the same anon editor made three vandal edits in a row to the article, and you only reverted one of them. I took care of reverting the rest. Just a tip to check article history when reverting in case there is more than one vandalism edit in a row (unfortunately too common). Cheers, -- Infrogmation (/wiki/User:Infrogmation) 17:45, 29 April 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z","author":"Infrogmation","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Infrogmation-2006-04-29T17:45:00.000Z-History_of_El_Salvador","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting"],"text":"Second Community Justice Meeting","linkableTitle":"Second Community Justice Meeting"} Second Community Justice Meeting [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting","timestamp":"2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting"],"text":"Second Community Justice Meeting","linkableTitle":"Second Community Justice Meeting"} I'm just telling all councillors, the chairman and chief executive I would appreciate your thoughts at Wikipedia talk:Community Justice/Meeting 1 (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Community_Justice/Meeting_1) . Computerjoe (/wiki/User:Computerjoe) 's talk 18:15, 3 May 2006 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Osbus/Archive1#c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z","author":"Computerjoe","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Computerjoe-2006-05-03T18:15:00.000Z-Second_Community_Justice_Meeting","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐bq9f7 Cached time: 20240719143441 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.076 seconds CPU time usage: 0.197 seconds Real time usage: 0.284 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 423/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5036742-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719143441 and revision id 1143210458. 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Greek fashion designer (1937–2020) Yannis Tseklenis Yannis Tseklenis (2003) Born Ioannis Tseklenis 6 November 1937 Athens (/wiki/Athens) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) Died 29 January 2020 (2020-01-29) (aged 82) Nationality Greek (/wiki/Greeks) Label Tseklenis Spouse(s) Aspa Paesmazoglou; 1 son Efi Mela Awards Silver Cross of the order of Phoenix (/wiki/Order_of_the_Phoenix_(Greece)) Maiden of Cyclades (Hellenic Fashion Centre) Gold Medal of Fashion (Hellenic Fashion Centre) Diolkos Prize of Hellenic Marketing Academy Yannis Tseklenis ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) ; Γιάννης Τσεκλένης; 6 November 1937 – 29 January 2020) was a Greek (/wiki/Greeks) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Early life [ edit ] Born in Athens, Greece on 6 November 1937, he was the son of Costas Tseklenis from Pyrgos (/wiki/Pyrgos,_Elis) , Elis regional unit (located in the Peloponnese area of Greece) and Melania Pastirmadji who was born in Constantinople (/wiki/Constantinople) . He grew up and completed his studies in Athens (/wiki/Athens) . He attended Athens College (/wiki/Athens_College) and graduated from the Moraitis School (/wiki/Moraitis_School) . Personal life [ edit ] In 1960 he married Aspa Pesmazoglou and eventually divorced in 1965. They had one son, Constantinos Tseklenis (/w/index.php?title=Constantinos_Tseklenis&action=edit&redlink=1) , a conceptual artist and cinematographer, born in 1963. In 1976 Yannis Tseklenis married his second wife, the model and Miss Greece (/wiki/Miss_Greece) of 1954, Efi Melas (/w/index.php?title=Efi_Melas&action=edit&redlink=1) , with whom he had been living since 1965. [1] (#cite_note-Ζαχαράτου-1) [2] (#cite_note-Παπαγεωργίου-2) "Impressionists" Collection by Tseklenis, 1971-2. ( PFF (/wiki/Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation) collection) Career [ edit ] Summary [ edit ] Yannis Tseklenis is recognised today as the leading Greek fashion designer of the second half of the 20th century who introduced Greek fashion to the contemporary international fashion world. His creations from 1965 to 1991 were sold worldwide by leading stores in more than 30 countries. [3] (#cite_note-Georgitsoyanni-3) : 153 During the 1960s and 1970s, he drew inspiration from Greek and world cultural styles, which he developed for fashion in his textile patterns. His collections featured designs inspired by ancient Greek vases, [4] (#cite_note-4) Byzantine manuscripts, traditional Greek wood carvings and paintings; African, [5] (#cite_note-5) Chinese, [6] (#cite_note-6) Indonesian, Russian, [7] (#cite_note-7) and Spanish art; heraldry; [8] (#cite_note-8) insects; [9] (#cite_note-9) cartoons; Persian tapestries; [10] (#cite_note-10) the Unicorn tapestries (/wiki/The_Lady_and_the_Unicorn) ; and paintings by the Impressionists, [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Dominicos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), [3] (#cite_note-Georgitsoyanni-3) : 159–160 Henri Rousseau, [13] (#cite_note-13) and Yannis Gaitis. [3] (#cite_note-Georgitsoyanni-3) : 160–161 By the late 1970s and 1980s the Tseklenis brand name could also be found on distinguished lines of house linens, wall and floor tiles, luggage, hosiery, uniforms, as well as the interior designs of cars, aircraft and hotels. His work was praised worldwide by leading fashion editors of the time, such as Bernadine Morris (/wiki/Bernadine_Morris) ( New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) ), [14] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-14) Sally Kirkland (/wiki/Sally_Kirkland) ( Life Magazine (/wiki/Life_Magazine) ), [15] (#cite_note-15) Eugenia Sheppard (/wiki/Eugenia_Sheppard) ( International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) , Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) ) [16] (#cite_note-16) and many others. Most recently, he was particularly active in the interior and exterior design and refurbishment of hotels, luxury housing estates, and public transport vehicles. [17] (#cite_note-Αλεβίζου-17) In detail [ edit ] 1950s and 1960s [ edit ] At the age of 15 Yannis Tseklenis started working at his father's textile-couture retail business, where he gained valuable experience while also exploring his abilities in painting and design. [3] (#cite_note-Georgitsoyanni-3) : 153–154 At age 24 he established his own advertising agency, Spectra Advertising, and undertook the publicity campaigns of major international and Greek companies such as Metaxa (/wiki/Metaxa) , General Motors (/wiki/General_Motors) , and Aegean Mills (/w/index.php?title=Aegean_Mills&action=edit&redlink=1) . [18] (#cite_note-18) In 1962 and 1964 respectively, Tseklenis was directly involved in the interior decoration and design relating to the official celebrations of the weddings of princess Sofia of Greece (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) to Juan Carlos of Spain (/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain) , [19] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-19) and of Anne-Marie of Denmark (/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece) to the then King Constantine II of Greece (/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In 1963 he exhibited his paintings and drawings at the then well-known Athenian gallery Architektoniki (ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗ). In 1965, aged 28, he took over his father's textile business and later that year, in collaboration with the Greek fashion designer Dimis Kritsas (/w/index.php?title=Dimis_Kritsas&action=edit&redlink=1) , presented his textile designs on fabrics used by Kritsas for his garments. The show was a huge success in Athens and New York. The entire collection, including 5,000 metres of his fabrics, was purchased by Elizabeth Arden Couture of New York (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden) . [21] (#cite_note-21) : 639 In 1966 he proceeded with the licensing of his prints to the US firm Puritan Fashions Corporation (/w/index.php?title=Puritan_Fashions_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Bernadine Morris wrote in The New York Times that "...many of the clothes achieve their distinction from Mr. Tseklenis' prints, which look like modern abstractions but are derived from such ancient sources as a Minoan octopus and a Corinthian vase..." [14] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-14) This motivated him to set up his own fashion business. By 1967 he already had a chain of fashion boutiques in Greece and by 1968 a small garment manufacturing business in Athens. [23] (#cite_note-23) He then licensed his designs to Berketex in the UK, [24] (#cite_note-24) American Celanese (/w/index.php?title=American_Celanese&action=edit&redlink=1) employed him to design for 10 knitting manufacturers in Germany, and in 1969 he licensed designs to David Crystal Inc. (/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) in the US. [19] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-19) That year he was the first Greek fashion designer to design a collection of menswear in Greece, to be primarily included in his Tseklenis boutiques and he licensed his hosiery designs to Berkshire Hellas. [25] (#cite_note-25) 1970s and 1980s [ edit ] During the 1970s Tseklenis became the force behind the organisation of the first fashion collections in Greece, also using his international influence to promote Greek designers abroad. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 1970 he licensed his ladies' dresses to Frank Usher (/wiki/Frank_Usher) (UK) and to Madison S.A (/w/index.php?title=Madison_S.A&action=edit&redlink=1) (Greece), [27] (#cite_note-27) while in 1971 he opened Tseklenis Boutiques in Beirut (/wiki/Beirut) , Kuwait (/wiki/Kuwait) and Riyadh (/wiki/Riyadh) , as well as showrooms in Osaka (/wiki/Osaka) (Japan) via the firm Misaki Sojhi (/w/index.php?title=Misaki_Sojhi&action=edit&redlink=1) . Later that same year he was commissioned by Aristotle Onassis (/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis) to design the air-hostess uniforms for his airline Olympic Airways (/wiki/Olympic_Airways) . [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) In the meantime launched his first collection of furnishing fabrics in Athens, Paris and London. By 1973 Tseklenis had permanent showrooms in London and New York, thus supplying most of the top UK and US fashion stores of the time. By 1976 there were nine Tseklenis Fashion Boutiques in Greece, including in Athens, Mykonos (/wiki/Mykonos) , Hydra (/wiki/Hydra_(island)) and Crete (/wiki/Crete) , while he also ran boutique shops on cruise ships and at the Caravel Hotel in Athens. [30] (#cite_note-30) 1977 proved to be a turning point for Tseklenis, both professionally and personally. While suffering an aggressive form of melanoma (/wiki/Melanoma) , he was admitted to the Memorial Hospital (/wiki/Memorial_Hospital_(New_York_City,_New_York)) in New York, where doctors amputated his left arm to prevent the spread of cancer. Despite this traumatic and life-changing event he moved from Athens to New York, along with his entire business, where he signed up with the International Management Group, who then represented him internationally in the licensing of his fabrics, childrenswear and sportswear. [31] (#cite_note-Πετρόπουλος-31) : 53 A year later, in 1979, the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) acquired the Tseklenis fashion films for their film library. [3] (#cite_note-Georgitsoyanni-3) : 162 “Insects” by Tseklenis, 1972 ( PFF (/wiki/Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation) collection) In the meantime, the absence of the Tseklenis firm from Greece became a socio-economic issue for the country. The government therefore offered him favourable terms to return his business to Greece, which he did. He thus established Tseklenis International Fashion Enterprises (ladieswear, menswear, accessories, bodywear, action-sportwear and linens) based in Athens, in collaboration with Minion department stores. Seven boutiques were opened within these stores, and he aimed to start a franchise throughout the country. Unfortunately these plans were abandoned the following year, after the flagship department store burned down due to an arson attack. [31] (#cite_note-Πετρόπουλος-31) : 53 The Hellenic Ministry of Industry (/w/index.php?title=Hellenic_Ministry_of_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1) commissioned him to organise and head for two years the Hellenic Design Centre, an institution offering designs by Greek designers to the country's manufacturers, thus encouraging Greek talent. According to Tseklenis, though, the relationship between design and industry in Greece is a loveless one, due to ignorance of branding. [32] (#cite_note-Lambert-32) : 176 Also in 1979 the automobile company Fiat (/wiki/Fiat) assigned him to design the interiors and a facelift of the FIAT 126 (/w/index.php?title=FIAT_126&action=edit&redlink=1) personal car. In 1980 Tseklenis opened a new showroom on New York's Fifth Avenue. The decade found him expanding his business even further and entering into activities such as interior design, bed linen, homewares (ceramics, tableware, candlesticks, etc.), and artistic direction of films. 1990s to present [ edit ] During the 1990s Tseklenis became almost totally active in the interior and environmental design business. In 1997 he donated almost all his prototype garments from his 1970s and 1980s fashion collections to the Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation (/wiki/Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) The following year he was commissioned to design the exteriors and interiors of Athens' public transport system (i.e. buses, trolleys) and in 1999 designed the then new suburban trains for the Hellenic Railways Organization (/wiki/Hellenic_Railways_Organization) (OSE). [31] (#cite_note-Πετρόπουλος-31) : 60–62 Since 2000, he has been responsible for the holistic interior design of many luxury hotels, resorts and private villas across Greece. Examples of his work include Vedema (one of the first luxury boutique hotels in Greece), Zannos Melathron, Kastelli Resort Santorini, La Maltese Restaurant in Santorini, The Danai Beach Resort & Villas, and several luxury private villas in Athenian suburbs and the islands of Santorini and Mykonos, including the distinguished work on the Kelia vacation housing settlements on the island of Tinos (/wiki/Tinos) . [35] (#cite_note-A-35) Awards [ edit ] Tseklenis' artistic contribution to Greece has been awarded with various distinctions. He has received the Silver Cross of the order of Phoenix (/wiki/Order_of_the_Phoenix_(Greece)) from the Greek State, the Gold Medal of Fashion from the Hellenic Institute of Fashion, the Maiden of Cyclades by the Hellenic Fashion Centre and the Diolkos Prize of the Hellenic Marketing Academy. [35] (#cite_note-A-35) Exhibitions [ edit ] "Yannis Tseklenis: A Greek Fashion Designer", 1999, Thesion Theatre (/w/index.php?title=Thesion_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1) , Athens Greece. "6 'Universal' Greek Fashion Designers- 4th Greek Fashion Week", 2006, Zappeion (/wiki/Zappeion) , Athens Greece. "6 'Universal' Greek Fashion Designers" 2006, Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia (/wiki/Leventis_Municipal_Museum_of_Nicosia) , Nicosia Cyprus. "Endyesthai (To dress). Towards a Costume Culture Museum", 2010, Benaki Museum (/wiki/Benaki_Museum) (Pireos annex), Athens Greece. "Six Universal Greek Fashion Designers from the collection of the Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation and Three Contemporary Greek Designers", 12.3-223.2012, Hellenic Centre (/wiki/Hellenic_Centre) , London UK. "A Tseklenis Tribute: The 70s Drawings Revisited", 1–29 April 2017, i-D Concept Stores, Athens Greece. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Ζαχαράτου_1-0) Ζαχαράτου, Σόνια (1 May 2016). "Γιάννης Τσεκλένης: "Η Ελλάδα καταστρέφεται από έλλειψη αισθητικής" (http://www.tovima.gr/vimagazino/interviews/article/?aid=795912) " (http://www.tovima.gr/vimagazino/interviews/article/?aid=795912) . BHmagazino . Αθήνα . Retrieved 15 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Παπαγεωργίου_2-0) Παπαγεωργίου, Κατερίνα. "Η ιστορία ενός νυφικού" (http://divaswedding.gr/article/1646-i-istoria-enos-nyfikoy) . DIVA's Wedding . Αθήνα . Retrieved 16 October 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Georgitsoyanni, Evangelia; Pantouvaki, Sofia (2011). Fashion Forward (PDF) . Interdisciplinary Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84888-001-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Victor Walker, Ode to Grecian urn by a hot Young man , NY Daily News, New York, 26 October 1969 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barbara K.Sadtler, Voodoo Drums Sound Fashion Note for Summer , Staten Island Advance, 22 December 1970 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Chinese Lacquers Collection (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/2048210/2011_6_1199.html?q=tseklenis) , Europeana Fashion, Peloponnsian Folklore Foundation Collection ^ (#cite_ref-7) Nancy Mills, It May Be Greek to You, But to Him it's Fashion , Daily News, 15 June 1972 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Jules Farber, Greek Designer with Heraldic Look , International Herald Tribune, New York, 10 June 1969 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Barbara K. Sadtler, Tseklenis Takes Nature's Bugs, Puts Then in Fashion , Staten Island Sunday Advance, 12 December 1971 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Persian Rugs Collection (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/collections/fashion?view=grid&q=Persian+Rugs+&f%5BCREATOR%5D%5B%5D=Yannis+Tseklenis+%28Designer%29) , Europeana Fashion, Peloponnsian Folklore Foundation Collection ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Γιάννης Τσεκλένης: Μια vintage φωτογράφιση 43 χρόνια πριν" (https://www.klik.gr/gr/el/blender/giannis-tseklenis-vintage-fotografisi-43-chronia-prin/) . KLIK Magazine . Athens. 13 November 2015 . Retrieved 16 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Phyllis Feldkamp, How to AppreciateArt:Wear a Toulouse-Lautrec , The Sunday Bulletin, 4 July 1971 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Rousseau Collection (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/el/collections/fashion?view=grid&q=Rousseau) , Europeana Fashion, Peloponnsian Folklore Foundation Collection ^ Jump up to: a b Bernadine Morris, Using 3.000 Yeas of History , New York Times, New York, 1966 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Raymundo, de Larrain (July 25, 1969). "What's a Nice Girl Like This Doing in a Myth Like Greece?" (https://books.google.com/books?id=IE8EAAAAMBAJ&q=life+magazine+vol+67) . LIFE Magazine, vol.67 No 4, p. 40-47 . Athens . Retrieved 16 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Eugenia Sheppard, Yannis Tseklenis:Name to Remember , Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, 17 December 1969 ^ (#cite_ref-Αλεβίζου_17-0) Αλεβίζου, Έφη (April 23, 2015). "O Γιάννης Τσεκλένης Μιλάει στο OZON RAW: "Δεν ήταν αυτοσκοπός να κάνω πολλά πράγματα πρώτος." (http://el.ozonweb.com/fashion/yiannis-tseklenis-for-ozon-raw) " (http://el.ozonweb.com/fashion/yiannis-tseklenis-for-ozon-raw) . ΟΖΟΝ Magazine . Athens . Retrieved 16 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Beverly Gilmore, Designer Gοes Home Again; Is Better Than Ever , Staten Island Advance, 4 December 1980 ^ Jump up to: a b Jules B. Farber, Tseklenis - Greeks' Word in Fashion , Herald Tribune, 23 August 1968 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Alexander Reymonde, Tseklenis May Become Familiar Name in Fashion , The Atlanta Constitution, 5 December 1974 ^ (#cite_ref-21) William Gale, O. E. Schoeffler (1973). Esquire's Encyclopaedia of 20th Century Men's Fashions . McGraw-Hill. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0070554801 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Pyritan Fashions to Unveil Greek Promotion in '67 , Women's Wear Daily, 23 November 1966 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Enid Nemy, Designer's Penchant: Prints , New York Times, 1968 ^ (#cite_ref-24) Irias Walton The Endineer Who Made a Fortune in Fashion , Sunday Mercury, 15 October 1967 ^ (#cite_ref-25) JGeorge Hamill, The Tseklenis Touch - A Greek Bears Gifts Than Make Summer More Seductive , Esquire Magazine, August 1969 ^ (#cite_ref-26) Nina S. Hyde, Greek Prints , The Washington Post, 21 November 1973 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Victor P. Walker, Bra-Less Look Found in greece , Burbank-Calif.Review, 5 December 1969 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Lovegrove, Keith (2000). Airline: Identity, Design and Culture . Laurence King Publishing. p. 32,39. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781856692052 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Ο Τσεκλένης εσχεδίασε στολές αεροσυνοδών της Ολυμπιακής" (http://efimeris.nlg.gr/ns/pdfwin_ftr.asp?c=124&pageid=63779&id=-1&s=0&STEMTYPE=0&STEM_WORD_PHONETIC_IDS=ARwASbASNASSASTASFASVASPASa&CropPDF=0) . Makedonia (in Greek). Thessaloniki. 27 November 1971. p. 6 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Penny Mandis, Tseklenis: Spring-Summer '74 , The Greek Star, 10 January 1974 ^ Jump up to: a b c Πετρόπουλος, Ιωάννης (2002). Η Ελληνική και Διεθνής Μόδα στη Σύγχρονη Εποχή. Μια Συνέντευξη του Γιάννη Τσεκλένη στον Ιωάννη Πετρόπουλο (PDF) . Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες, τεύχος 84. ^ (#cite_ref-Lambert_32-0) Lambert, Eleanor (1976). World of Fashion: People, Places, Resources . R. R. Bowker Company. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-83521-159-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Collective Work (2010). Endyesthai (To dress), Towards a Costume Culture Museum . Nafplion: Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation. pp. 31–33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-960-86398-9-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Tseklenis Collection (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/el/collections/fashion?q=tseklenis&view=grid) , Europeana Fashion, Peloponnsian Folklore Foundation Collection ^ Jump up to: a b "YANNIS TSEKLENIS, DESIGNER" (http://www.euran.com/yannistseklenis.htm) . euran.com . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . Bibliography [ edit ] Evangelia Georgitsoyanni & Sofia Pantouvaki, “Culture and Fashion: Greek Designer Yannis Tseklenis, a Case Study”, in De Witt- Paul Al. & Crouch M. (ed.), Fashion Forward, Interdisciplinary Press, Oxford, United Kingdom 2011, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84888-001-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84888-001-6) pp. 153–164 Eleanor Lambert, "World of Fashion: People, Places, Resources", R. R. Bowker Company, New York 1976, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-83521-159-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-83521-159-8) , pp. 176 William McWhirter, "What's a Nice Girl Like This Doing in a Myth Like Greece?", LIFE Magazine, vol.67 No 4, July 25, 1969 Nolly Moyssi, “The contribution of Yannis Tseklenis to the world of fashion: a study of the historical and artistic value of his costume collection” doctoral thesis, University of Cyprus: Faculty of Letters - Department of History and Archaeology, Nicosia 2014 Evangelia Patsi, “Aesthetic trends, social environment and fashion in Greece at the end of the 20th century: Yannis Tseklenis creates inspired from art” doctoral thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki: Faculty of Fine Arts- School of Visual and Applied Arts, Thessaloniki 2013 O. E. Schoeffler & William Gale, “Esquire’s Encyclopaedia of 20th Century Men’s Fashions” McGraw-Hill (ed.), New York 1973, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0070554801 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0070554801) , pp. 366,639 Sandy Tsantaki, “Tseklenis Scrapbook”, Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation, Nafplion, 1999. Artemis Yagou, “Fragile Innovation: Episodes in Greek Design History” CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1463516390 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1463516390) External links [ edit ] "Ουδείς αναμάρτητος" (http://archive.ert.gr/35620/) , Yannis Tseklenis talks to Anna Panagiotarea Tseklenis Reprospective Fashion Collection and promotion videos (https://vimeo.com/31101120) Yannis Tseklenis interview (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nfoRq0mBDw) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oG8C8l0g3E) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuXgnfNIRes) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMogek_uzN8) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lL9sBvNUiY) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLWo_ZnXLJc) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mkQ5z0ev_Y) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gHnaExhcFw) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3NcMinBaWY) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5aQ8weG3eU) Tseklenis Fashion Collection Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpa6fXg-184) Tseklenis Chronology (http://www.euran.com/yannistseklenis.htm) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000500329364) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/3312155832964033490004) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtMpgcQjQDqfqXhDBXGHC) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1186291648) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019069699) Greece (https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record30860) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐fwqsq Cached time: 20240719162303 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.659 seconds Real time usage: 0.933 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5701/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47096/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2929/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 77364/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.366/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7128839/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 756.297 1 -total 27.30% 206.496 1 Template:Reflist 27.24% 206.040 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 15.66% 118.442 6 Template:Cite_news 14.55% 110.028 1 Template:Authority_control 11.76% 88.960 20 Template:Main_other 10.28% 77.765 1 Template:Short_description 10.17% 76.895 10 Template:Rp 9.13% 69.058 10 Template:R/superscript 7.39% 55.902 2 Template:If_empty Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48288580-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719162303 and revision id 1191713867. 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French businessman Thierry Hermès Born 10 January 1801 Crefeld (/wiki/Krefeld) , Roer Department (/wiki/Roer_(department)) , French First Republic (/wiki/French_First_Republic) (present day Krefeld (/wiki/Krefeld) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) ) Died 10 January 1878 (aged 77) Neuilly-sur-Seine (/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , French Third Republic (/wiki/French_Third_Republic) Spouse Christine Pétronille Pierrart Children Charles-Émile Hermès (/w/index.php?title=Charles-%C3%89mile_Herm%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1) Parent(s) Thierry Hermès Agnese Kuhnen Thierry Hermès ( pronounced [tjɛʁi (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ɛʁmɛs] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; 10 January 1801 – 10 January 1878) was a French businessman who founded Hermès International (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s_International) and acquired the title as a fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) designer. [1] (#cite_note-1) He was born in 1801 in Krefeld, Germany (/wiki/Krefeld,_Germany) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Hermès originally established his business as a saddle company in 1837. [3] (#cite_note-3) His first workshop showcased jewelry, home decor items, and silk scarves. [4] (#cite_note-4) His father Thierry Hermès originated from France and his mother, Agnese Kuhnen originated from Germany. [ citation needed ] He lost his family due to disease and moved to Paris in 1821. [5] (#cite_note-5) After his death in 1878, his son and grandsons Charles-Emile Hermès, Adolphe Hermès and Emile-Maurice, continued to run the family business. [6] (#cite_note-6) Early life [ edit ] Thierry Hermès was born in 1801 in the city of Krefeld, which at the time was part of Napoleon's empire, earning Hermès French citizenship. [7] (#cite_note-7) He was the sixth child of his parents who were innkeepers. [8] (#cite_note-8) After he lost his entire family to disease and war, he moved to France in 1821 as an orphan. [9] (#cite_note-9) Using his gift in leatherworking, he opened his saddle and harness shop in 1837 located in the Paris neighborhood known as Grands Boulevards. [10] (#cite_note-10) Career [ edit ] In 1837, Thierry Hermès founded the Hermès company as a manufacturer of horse harnesses on the Rue Basse du Rempart in Paris. [11] (#cite_note-11) Hermès specialized in the horse harnesses required by society traps, caleches, and carriages. [12] (#cite_note-12) He built his business on the strength of a stitch that could only be done by hand. [13] (#cite_note-13) The saddle stitch was completed when two needles worked two waxed linen threads in tensile opposition. [14] (#cite_note-14) After opening up his shop, his clients were the rich which included: the Parisian beau monde and European royalty, the emperor Napoleon III and his empress, Eugenie. [15] (#cite_note-15) The business soon went from harness and saddles to trunks, handbags, and zippers. [16] (#cite_note-16) Children [ edit ] Hermès had one son with his wife Christine Pétronille Pierrart (1805-1896) who they named Charles-Emile. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Charles-Emile had two sons of his own, Adolphe and Emile-Maurice, who were involved in the family business building elite clientele in Europe, North Africa, Russia, America, and Asia. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) After Hermès started his harness company, his son Charles-Emile Hermès took over the family business moving the store to 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré. [21] (#cite_note-21) This meant that the store was in proximity to wealthy clients. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) Adolphe left Emile with the business because he believed that the company didn't have a long future in the era of carriages. [24] (#cite_note-24) Emile-Maurice noticed the demand for saddlery, leading him to direct Hermès to make "saddle stitched" leather goods and trunks for the customers who traveled by car, train, ship. [25] (#cite_note-25) After realizing the company was diving into the age of automobiles, Emile-Maurice acquired a two-year patent for the zipper which was known as the "Hermès Fastener." [26] (#cite_note-26) Once the zipper was introduced, the clothing era was transformed. [27] (#cite_note-27) Other businesses such as Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) wanted to learn from them due to their rapid growth and popularity. [28] (#cite_note-28) Emile Hermès' sons-in-law, Robert Dumas-Hermès (1898-1978) and Jean-René Guerrand-Hermès (1901-1993) took over the company in 1950. [29] (#cite_note-29) The contributions from his children and grandchildren influenced the company." [30] (#cite_note-30) In 1993, the company went public but 80 percent of the shares were controlled by Hermès family members. [31] (#cite_note-31) Legacy [ edit ] Hermès has many innovations which are still known to this day. [32] (#cite_note-32) The Hermès zipper founded in 1923 is used in many of the bags today. [33] (#cite_note-33) The silk Hermès used for jockeys' blouses developed the first silk scarf, "Jeu des Omnibus et Dames blanches" in 1923. [34] (#cite_note-34) Around the 1930s, Hermès International launched several items that became classics, including the large crocodile handbag known later as the Kelly, named for Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) . [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) The company later developed men's neckties, watches, and new scarf designs. [37] (#cite_note-37) Today, Hermès features products like charms (starting at $40) and an oversize panda-bear bean-bag made of Clémnce bull-calf leather (most expensive at $100,000). [38] (#cite_note-38) One of the known classics, the Birkin, was named after actress Jane Birkin (/wiki/Jane_Birkin) and created by Jean-Louis Dumas (/wiki/Jean-Louis_Dumas) in 1984. [39] (#cite_note-39) Today, Hermès has 283 stores worldwide. [40] (#cite_note-40) Since 1923, Hermès has a color theme every year for their collections, creating limited edition items like the "Year of the River" (2005) silk scarf. [41] (#cite_note-41) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-10) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-18) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-20) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-21) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-22) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-25) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-26) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-27) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-29) Adams, Susan. "Inside Hermès: Luxury's Secret Empire" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/08/20/inside-hermes-luxury-secret-empire/#2d9aa8772ad2) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-30) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-31) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-32) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-33) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-34) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-35) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-37) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Cristobal, Sarah (2011). ONE FOR ALL: HERM&EGRAVE;S EXCLUSIVES Issue 3598 . Harper's Bazaar. p. 124. ^ (#cite_ref-39) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Vanity Fair, Issues 562-565 . Condé Nast Publications. 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-41) GuÈRin, Polly (2007). Family Tradition . Art & Antiques Vol. 30 Issue 7. pp. 99–103. 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Submission declined on 27 April 2024 by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:SafariScribe) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22GU+A+XIN%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22GU+A+XIN%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22GU+A+XIN%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22GU+A+XIN%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22GU+A+XIN%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22GU+A+XIN%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22GU+A+XIN%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22GU+A+XIN%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:GU_A_XIN) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:GU_A_XIN&defaults=y) Declined by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 2 months ago. Last edited by Auric (/wiki/User:Auric) 2 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Leo153bigfish&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. a popular embroidery designer cloth brand in china GAX is abbr of Gu-A-XIN/古阿新, a clothing brand Founded in China by Chunlin Yang, 2007.GAX is bold and exaggerated in design.A national brand that combines multi-ethnic cultural elements, the reborn ancient embroidery craftsmanship is our shining mark and it get approved by worldwide fans. A new interpretation of old patterns. Make old patterns come alive and live on clothes. Online Presence [ edit ] As of April 27, 2024, the internet social-media platform has 5 million fans online. Among them, Douyin [1] (#cite_note-1) platform has 2.18 million fans, Xiaohongshu [2] (#cite_note-2) platform has fans 303,000, . Early Hihstory [ edit ] Founder YANG grew up in South East of Guizhou province, he learned embroidery skill from his grandma who is a second to one embroidery women in the town for funcy embroidery work. He use embroidery skill making cloth and start sell on campus, more and more people buy from him and he become popular in school and he start the cloth business since that time. Retail [ edit ] Guaxin has more than 22 stores across the country, covering cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi'an, Wuhan, Changsha, and Guiyang. Xi'an store is located on the fourth floor of Yitian Holiday World Shopping Center, Chaoyangmen, Xi'an. Guiyang store is located in Fanhuali, Baiyun District, Guiyang.Tianjin store is located at No. 34, Tianjin Ancient Culture Street. Development [ edit ] Now GAX is a wel know brand in china and It win 2024 China international fashion week top prize for its creative design, been inviting to present its designer cloth worldwide eg, Paris,France(May,2024),Milan, Italy(2023),Russian, UK, Uzbekistan. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "古阿新" (https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAAc7NIr4oCwhIZVPpUYSr9xeGPvVjBm7WCx9TP31MLuks) . Douyin account name \|古阿新 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "古阿新" (https://www.xiaohongshu.com/user/profile/5fb01146000000000101e583) . Xiaohongshu account name \|gax2021 . 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Depictions of cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) in theatre (/wiki/Theatre) , the act of wearing items of clothing not commonly associated with one's sex. [1] (#cite_note-1) Cross-dressing has been used for purposes of disguise, comfort, comedy, and self-expression in modern times and throughout history. ^ (#cite_ref-1) "cross-dress." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2016. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b7d4d997‐89dpg Cached time: 20240701053209 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 83/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67412432-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701053209 and revision id 1042428954. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. A As You Like It (/wiki/Category:As_You_Like_It) ‎ (1 C, 10 P) D Drag (entertainment)-related musicals (/wiki/Category:Drag_(entertainment)-related_musicals) ‎ (9 P) P Pantomime dames (/wiki/Category:Pantomime_dames) ‎ (1 C, 46 P) Pages in category "Cross-dressing in theatre" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A As You Like It (/wiki/As_You_Like_It) Assemblywomen (/wiki/Assemblywomen) C Chico's Angels (/wiki/Chico%27s_Angels) Cross-dressing in music and opera (/wiki/Cross-dressing_in_music_and_opera) D Dandini (character) (/wiki/Dandini_(character)) E Evita Bezuidenhout (/wiki/Evita_Bezuidenhout) M Veronika Mavrikievna and Avdotya Nikitichna (/wiki/Veronika_Mavrikievna_and_Avdotya_Nikitichna) The Merchant of Venice (/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice) Modest (play) (/wiki/Modest_(play)) Mrs. Doubtfire (musical) (/wiki/Mrs._Doubtfire_(musical)) P Princess Ida (/wiki/Princess_Ida) S Snip en Snap (/wiki/Snip_en_Snap) T Thesmophoriazusae (/wiki/Thesmophoriazusae) Tola y Maruja (/wiki/Tola_y_Maruja) Twelfth Night (/wiki/Twelfth_Night) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cross-dressing_in_theatre&oldid=1042428954 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cross-dressing_in_theatre&oldid=1042428954) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cross-dressing-related mass media (/wiki/Category:Cross-dressing-related_mass_media) LGBT theatre (/wiki/Category:LGBT_theatre)
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Braid (hairstyle) (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐wxnrk Cached time: 20240715081659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.032 seconds Real time usage: 0.048 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 388/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627113/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 41.016 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 41.016 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69595771-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715081659 and revision id 1215447412. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Braid hairstyles" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Braid (hairstyle) (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) B Box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) C Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) F French braid (/wiki/French_braid) G Gretchen frisur (/wiki/Gretchen_frisur) K Koroba (hairstyle) (/wiki/Koroba_(hairstyle)) N Nubian wig (/wiki/Nubian_wig) P Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Q Queue (hairstyle) (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) R Russian braid (/wiki/Russian_braid) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Braid_hairstyles&oldid=1215447412 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Braid_hairstyles&oldid=1215447412) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hairstyles (/wiki/Category:Hairstyles) Braids (/wiki/Category:Braids)
This file does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bd6wn Cached time: 20240713172051 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.004 seconds CPU time usage: 0.101 seconds Real time usage: 0.148 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 132/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8489/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7430/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.078/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1606165/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 130.872 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 130.872 1 -total 53.58% 70.126 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.33% 1.740 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76150854-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713172051 and revision id 1224955218. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:1910ThurnGrayVelvetDress.jpg&oldid=1224955218 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:1910ThurnGrayVelvetDress.jpg&oldid=1224955218) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : File-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clothing brands (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_brand) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. * Clothing brands by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_country) ‎ (37 C) Clothing brands by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_type) ‎ (9 C) A Abercrombie & Fitch brands (/wiki/Category:Abercrombie_%26_Fitch_brands) ‎ (6 P) F Fast Retailing (/wiki/Category:Fast_Retailing) ‎ (8 P) I Inditex brands (/wiki/Category:Inditex_brands) ‎ (8 P) K Khaadi (/wiki/Category:Khaadi) ‎ (2 P) P Perry Ellis International brands (/wiki/Category:Perry_Ellis_International_brands) ‎ (4 P, 2 F) Σ Fashion company stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_company_stubs) ‎ (91 P) Pages in category "Clothing brands" The following 172 pages are in this category, out of 172 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A A.F.C.A (clothing) (/wiki/A.F.C.A_(clothing)) A.P.C. (/wiki/A.P.C.) Acqua Limone (/wiki/Acqua_Limone) Aimé Leon Dore (/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Leon_Dore) AKOO (/wiki/AKOO) Alain Figaret (/wiki/Alain_Figaret) AllSaints (/wiki/AllSaints) AlphaTauri (fashion brand) (/wiki/AlphaTauri_(fashion_brand)) American Eagle Outfitters (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) Anne Fontaine (brand) (/wiki/Anne_Fontaine_(brand)) Arckiv (/wiki/Arckiv) Armoire Officielle (/wiki/Armoire_Officielle) Arthur Galan AG (/wiki/Arthur_Galan_AG) B Bellerose Belgium (/wiki/Bellerose_Belgium) Biba Apparels (/wiki/Biba_Apparels) Bloch (company) (/wiki/Bloch_(company)) Bluenotes (/wiki/Bluenotes) Bogart Man (/wiki/Bogart_Man) Bonia (fashion) (/wiki/Bonia_(fashion)) Bosideng (/wiki/Bosideng) C Callisti (/wiki/Callisti) Canterbury of New Zealand (/wiki/Canterbury_of_New_Zealand) Carbrini Sportswear (/wiki/Carbrini_Sportswear) Cassidi (/wiki/Cassidi) Castro (clothing) (/wiki/Castro_(clothing)) Celine (brand) (/wiki/Celine_(brand)) Le Château (/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau) China Heilan Group (/wiki/China_Heilan_Group) Claudia Sträter (/wiki/Claudia_Str%C3%A4ter) Cockpit USA (/wiki/Cockpit_USA) Color Image Apparel (/wiki/Color_Image_Apparel) Comptoir des Cotonniers (/wiki/Comptoir_des_Cotonniers) COS (fashion brand) (/wiki/COS_(fashion_brand)) Countess Mara (/wiki/Countess_Mara) Croc O' Shirt (/wiki/Croc_O%27_Shirt) Cropp (brand) (/wiki/Cropp_(brand)) CVLT Nation (/wiki/CVLT_Nation) D Dale of Norway (/wiki/Dale_of_Norway) Kostio de War (/wiki/Kostio_de_War) Design For All (product line) (/wiki/Design_For_All_(product_line)) Desigual (/wiki/Desigual) Dolfin Swimwear (/wiki/Dolfin_Swimwear) Ken Done (/wiki/Ken_Done) Duchamp (clothing) (/wiki/Duchamp_(clothing)) Dunlop Sport (/wiki/Dunlop_Sport) Duvelleroy (/wiki/Duvelleroy) Dynamite Clothing (/wiki/Dynamite_Clothing) E EDUN (/wiki/EDUN) English Eccentrics (/wiki/English_Eccentrics) Escada (/wiki/Escada) Ethika (/wiki/Ethika) F Fenchurch (clothing) (/wiki/Fenchurch_(clothing)) Forever Lazy (/wiki/Forever_Lazy) Fox (clothing) (/wiki/Fox_(clothing)) G G-Star Raw (/wiki/G-Star_Raw) Gant (company) (/wiki/Gant_(company)) Garage (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Garage_(clothing_retailer)) Garanimals (/wiki/Garanimals) Gebrüder Stitch (/wiki/Gebr%C3%BCder_Stitch) Go International (/wiki/Go_International) Grishko (/wiki/Grishko) Gunhild (clothing) (/wiki/Gunhild_(clothing)) Gunne Sax (/wiki/Gunne_Sax) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) H H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Han Kjøbenhavn (/wiki/Han_Kj%C3%B8benhavn) Antthony Mark Hankins (/wiki/Antthony_Mark_Hankins) Hatley (brand) (/wiki/Hatley_(brand)) Haus Alkire (/wiki/Haus_Alkire) Helmut Lang (fashion brand) (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(fashion_brand)) Hervé Léger (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_L%C3%A9ger) Anne T. Hill (/wiki/Anne_T._Hill) Honigman (/wiki/Honigman) House (brand) (/wiki/House_(brand)) House of Harlow 1960 (/wiki/House_of_Harlow_1960) Hypercolor (/wiki/Hypercolor) I I. & R. Morley (/wiki/I._%26_R._Morley) ISKO (clothing company) (/wiki/ISKO_(clothing_company)) Izod Lacoste (/wiki/Izod_Lacoste) J J-Wear (/wiki/J-Wear) Jako (/wiki/Jako) Jenny Hellström (/wiki/Jenny_Hellstr%C3%B6m) Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) Joseph (fashion brand) (/wiki/Joseph_(fashion_brand)) K Karl Kani (/wiki/Karl_Kani) Kidiliz (/wiki/Kidiliz) Takeo Kikuchi (/wiki/Takeo_Kikuchi) André Kim (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Kim) Elaine Kim (fashion designer) (/wiki/Elaine_Kim_(fashion_designer)) Maison Kitsuné (/wiki/Maison_Kitsun%C3%A9) Kookai (/wiki/Kookai) L La Bonneterie Cevenole (/wiki/La_Bonneterie_Cevenole) La tennis Bensimon (/wiki/La_tennis_Bensimon) Leonisa (/wiki/Leonisa) Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) J.Lindeberg (/wiki/J.Lindeberg) Lonely (fashion label) (/wiki/Lonely_(fashion_label)) Louis Philippe (brand) (/wiki/Louis_Philippe_(brand)) Lover (clothing) (/wiki/Lover_(clothing)) Loyandford (/wiki/Loyandford) Lyle & Scott (/wiki/Lyle_%26_Scott) M Madhappy (/wiki/Madhappy) Madonna fashion brands (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) Mallzee (/wiki/Mallzee) Mango (retailer) (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) Marimekko (/wiki/Marimekko) Mavi Jeans (/wiki/Mavi_Jeans) Max Studio (/wiki/Max_Studio) MCS (fashion brand) (/wiki/MCS_(fashion_brand)) Merc Clothing (/wiki/Merc_Clothing) Mimu Maxi (/wiki/Mimu_Maxi) Miuniku (/wiki/Miuniku) Le Mont Saint Michel (clothing) (/wiki/Le_Mont_Saint_Michel_(clothing)) Moods of Norway (/wiki/Moods_of_Norway) Morgan (clothing) (/wiki/Morgan_(clothing)) Morphsuits (/wiki/Morphsuits) Moshions (/wiki/Moshions) Mudd Jeans (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) Mufti (company) (/wiki/Mufti_(company)) N Nakkna (/wiki/Nakkna) Nina Ricci (brand) (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) Noko Jeans (/wiki/Noko_Jeans) Norse Projects (/wiki/Norse_Projects) O Obey (clothing) (/wiki/Obey_(clothing)) OGGI (/wiki/OGGI) Ong Shunmugam (/wiki/Ong_Shunmugam) Orca (company) (/wiki/Orca_(company)) P Paule Ka (/wiki/Paule_Ka) Pedro del Hierro (brand) (/wiki/Pedro_del_Hierro_(brand)) Pendleton Woolen Mills (/wiki/Pendleton_Woolen_Mills) Pepe Jeans (/wiki/Pepe_Jeans) Polly Flinders (/wiki/Polly_Flinders) R Ramsey (retailer) (/wiki/Ramsey_(retailer)) Rastah (/wiki/Rastah) Real Gold (/wiki/Real_Gold) Rêve En Vert (/wiki/R%C3%AAve_En_Vert) Rip Curl (/wiki/Rip_Curl) Rufskin (/wiki/Rufskin) S S.E.H Kelly (/wiki/S.E.H_Kelly) Saint Tropez (brand) (/wiki/Saint_Tropez_(brand)) Sakis Rouvas Collection (/wiki/Sakis_Rouvas_Collection) Sandro Paris (/wiki/Sandro_Paris) Ferdinando Sarmi (/wiki/Ferdinando_Sarmi) Scotch & Soda (clothing) (/wiki/Scotch_%26_Soda_(clothing)) Shiatzy Chen (/wiki/Shiatzy_Chen) Silver Jeans Co. (/wiki/Silver_Jeans_Co.) SINOIAN (/wiki/SINOIAN) Six Deuce (/wiki/Six_Deuce) Sixpack France (/wiki/Sixpack_France) SMCP Group (/wiki/SMCP_Group) Sophie Paris Vietnam (/wiki/Sophie_Paris_Vietnam) Star in the Hood (company) (/wiki/Star_in_the_Hood_(company)) Starworld (/wiki/Starworld) Strellson (/wiki/Strellson) T Texas Jeans USA (/wiki/Texas_Jeans_USA) Three Gun (/wiki/Three_Gun) Tiger of Sweden (/wiki/Tiger_of_Sweden) Tilfi (/wiki/Tilfi) TNT (clothing) (/wiki/TNT_(clothing)) Trands (/wiki/Trands) Tribute Brand (/wiki/Tribute_Brand) U UNKL347 (/wiki/UNKL347) V Gloria Vanderbilt (/wiki/Gloria_Vanderbilt) VB Rocks (/wiki/VB_Rocks) Vilebrequin (/wiki/Vilebrequin) Volcano (brand) (/wiki/Volcano_(brand)) W John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) WESC (/wiki/WESC) White Stuff Clothing (/wiki/White_Stuff_Clothing) Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) Wood Wood (/wiki/Wood_Wood) Y Yves Saint Laurent (fashion house) (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(fashion_house)) Media in category "Clothing brands" This category contains only the following file. AlphaTauri.svg (/wiki/File:AlphaTauri.svg) 375 × 267; 6 KB esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_brands&oldid=1145515846 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_brands&oldid=1145515846) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Brands by product type (/wiki/Category:Brands_by_product_type) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 101–200 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_101%E2%80%93200_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
Italian fashion group You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_Calzedonia) in Italian . (February 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGruppo_Calzedonia&sl=it&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the Italian article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic (/wiki/Template:Expand_Italian#Topics_and_categorization) to this template: there are already 703 articles in the main category (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Italian_Wikipedia) , and specifying \|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [[:it:Gruppo Calzedonia]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated\|it\|Gruppo Calzedonia}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Calzedonia) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Calzedonia Founded 1986 ; 38 years ago ( 1986 ) Founder Sandro Veronesi (/wiki/Sandro_Veronesi_(entrepreneur)) Headquarters Dossobuono di Villafranca di Verona (/wiki/Dossobuono) , Veneto (/wiki/Veneto) , Italy Products Clothing Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Intimissimi (/wiki/Intimissimi) , Tezenis, Falconeri, Atelier Emé and SignorVino Website calzedonia.com (https://world.calzedonia.com/) Calzedonia store, Oxford Street (/wiki/Oxford_Street) , London, 2016 Calzedonia ( pronounced [kaltseˈdɔːnja] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ) is an Italian fashion group founded in Verona (/wiki/Verona) by Sandro Veronesi (/wiki/Sandro_Veronesi_(entrepreneur)) in 1986, with over 5,000 shops worldwide as of 2021. [1] (#cite_note-corr-1) Besides the Calzedonia brand, the group also owns the Intimissimi (/wiki/Intimissimi) , Tezenis, Falconeri, Atelier Emé, Progetto Quid and SignorVino labels. [1] (#cite_note-corr-1) The Calzedonia brand is specialized in bathing suits, tights (/wiki/Tights) , and leggings (/wiki/Leggings) . [2] (#cite_note-forbes-2) Veronesi's son, Marcello Veronesi, is the US CEO. [2] (#cite_note-forbes-2) See also [ edit ] Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) List of Italian companies (/wiki/List_of_Italian_companies) References [ edit ] ^ a b Sabella, Marco (2 March 2022). "Calzedonia, i ricavi crescono del 29% a 2,5 miliardi e superano il livello pre-pandemia" (https://www.corriere.it/economia/aziende/22_febbraio_03/calzedonia-ricavi-crescono-29percento-25-miliardi-superano-livello-pre-pandemia-e9af23be-84c1-11ec-93b4-bc4dd8ecb5d9.shtml) . Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) (in Italian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220206094158/https://www.corriere.it/economia/aziende/22_febbraio_03/calzedonia-ricavi-crescono-29percento-25-miliardi-superano-livello-pre-pandemia-e9af23be-84c1-11ec-93b4-bc4dd8ecb5d9.shtml) from the original on 6 February 2022 . Retrieved 6 February 2022 . ^ a b Samaha, Barry (April 18, 2018). "How Italian Swimwear Brand Calzedonia Is Using Influencers to Make a Big Splash in the U.S." (https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrysamaha/2018/04/18/calzedonia-summer-show-fashion-influencers-marcello-veronesi-interview/) Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190821094556/https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrysamaha/2018/04/18/calzedonia-summer-show-fashion-influencers-marcello-veronesi-interview/) from the original on August 21, 2019 . Retrieved August 21, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://world.calzedonia.com/) Media related to Calzedonia Group (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Calzedonia_Group) at Wikimedia Commons This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American model and fashion designer (born 1989) Laura Kirkpatrick Born Laura Sioux Kirkpatrick [1] (#cite_note-1) ( 1989-06-12 ) June 12, 1989 (age 35) Stanford, Kentucky (/wiki/Stanford,_Kentucky) , U.S. Children 1 Modeling information Height 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Hair color Auburn Eye color Blue Agency New York Model Management Website www (http://www.laurasmodellife.com) .laurasmodellife (http://www.laurasmodellife.com) .com (http://www.laurasmodellife.com) Laura Sioux Kirkpatrick (born June 12, 1989) is an American model and fashion designer, best known as the runner-up of cycle 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_13) of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . She was voted fan favorite in a poll the show held after the conclusion of the series, which won her a six-month, rent-free apartment in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Early life [ edit ] Kirkpatrick was born in Stanford (/wiki/Stanford,_Kentucky) , Kentucky (/wiki/Kentucky) , to father Greg Kirkpatrick and mother Jodie Hill Jones. She has two younger sisters, Hannah and Jarah, and a younger brother named Jeremy. [2] (#cite_note-Toadvine1119-2) She previously has worked on her family's farm, where working with cattle was one of her primary jobs. [3] (#cite_note-Toadvine1120-3) She has dyslexia (/wiki/Dyslexia) . [4] (#cite_note-Toadvine1118-4) Prior to her appearance on America's Next Top Model , she had been working as a waitress. [5] (#cite_note-Rocchio-5) Kirkpatrick was majoring in art at Eastern Kentucky University (/wiki/Eastern_Kentucky_University) in Richmond, Kentucky (/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky) , before joining the show, and was the first in her family to attend college. However, she missed final exams due to America's Next Top Model , which prevented her from advancing from freshman to sophomore. [6] (#cite_note-Meehan-6) America's Next Top Model [ edit ] America's Next Top Model Cycle 13: the "Petite Edition" [ edit ] Kirkpatrick had been pursuing a modeling career for years prior to her appearance on the CW Network (/wiki/The_CW_Network) reality television show America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , and had looked into applying for the series before, but was a half-inch shorter than the 5'7" height cutoff. Her grandmother, who Kirkpatrick considers her best friend, told Kirkpatrick to try out for Cycle 13: the "petite edition" (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_13) , because it specifically sought contestants who are 5'7" or under. Kirkpatrick said it was a last-minute, "spur-of-the-moment" decision to visit Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , where she successfully applied to be on the season. Kirkpatrick was the last (fourteenth) girl (edited as the second last (thirteenth) girl called and followed by Sundai Love when aired) selected as one of the 14 finalists to compete in Cycle 13: the "Petite Edition" (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_13) of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . Kirkpatrick, who was 19 when she started on the show, was consistently considered one of the judges' favorite finalists throughout the season. [5] (#cite_note-Rocchio-5) She was particularly praised by the judges and reviewers for her strong personality, which stood out as different from those of the other contestants due to her working-class, "country girl" lifestyle. She was also noted for her tendency to break into sudden fits of excitement and laughter. [3] (#cite_note-Toadvine1120-3) [5] (#cite_note-Rocchio-5) [7] (#cite_note-NYPost-7) [8] (#cite_note-Scarpa-8) Her Kentucky accent has been identified as part of her charm, although during the show, judge and fashion photographer Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) said it could prove to be a hindrance during her modeling career. Barker said, "I know that in the back of their head, they don't want a CoverGirl with an accent, unless it is already somebody super-famous." [6] (#cite_note-Meehan-6) Kirkpatrick initially tried to tone down her accent as a result of the comment, but stopped trying because she felt it made her "lose my spark". [6] (#cite_note-Meehan-6) Kirkpatrick was never selected as one of the "bottom two" contestants for any of the challenges, though none of her photos were chosen as the best photo of the week. However, Kirkpatrick did exceptionally well on a group Cirque du Soleil (/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil) -inspired shoot. Kirkpatrick said the Cirque du Soleil photo shoot was her favorite of the show, and that walking on the runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) was her favorite part of the modeling experience. [7] (#cite_note-NYPost-7) [8] (#cite_note-Scarpa-8) Kirkpatrick's dyslexia proved to be a difficulty during some challenges, particularly when she had to read teleprompters for CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) television commercials, which was one of the final contests of the season. [4] (#cite_note-Toadvine1118-4) [8] (#cite_note-Scarpa-8) Throughout the show, Kirkpatrick spoke fondly of her grandmother, Wanda Sue Kirkpatrick, during taped segments and often wore dresses designed by her grandmother during the judges' comments. Wanda Sue also made a dress for Tyra Banks, which she wore on the show. [3] (#cite_note-Toadvine1120-3) [6] (#cite_note-Meehan-6) [7] (#cite_note-NYPost-7) She was the second contestant selected as a finalist over both Jennifer An and Erin Wagner and became the first contestant in ANTM history to reach the final two without ever receiving a first call-out during her time competing. Kirkpatrick ultimately lost to Nicole Fox (/wiki/Nicole_Fox) , who was named "America's Next Top Model" on November 18, 2009. Kirkpatrick and Fox became friends during the season and, although Kirkpatrick believed her personality was strong, she also admitted Fox's photos were particularly strong. Kirkpatrick initially reacted emotionally to her loss and was comforted by the show's host, retired supermodel Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) . She said of her initial reaction to the loss: "I was really devastated at the time and cried forever until my eyes swelled up and popped out of my head!" [9] (#cite_note-9) America's Next Top Model Cycle 17: All Stars [ edit ] It was announced on May 12, 2011, that Kirkpatrick would join the cast again for "America's Next Top Model: All-Stars" (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_17) with several returning models [10] (#cite_note-10) and was placed fourth. Over her stay, Kirkpatrick received two first call-outs, won one challenge and appeared twice in the two bottom two where she survived over Shannon Stewart and was eliminated when Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) survived her first-ever bottom two appearance during "America's Next Top Model: All-Stars" (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_17) . Like all the other contestants on Cycle 17 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_17) , Kirkpatrick was given a branding word: "loveable". During her time on the show she developed her own perfume called "Love" and performed in a music video for her song "Southern Sweet Girl." Modeling career [ edit ] Although Kirkpatrick did not win America's Next Top Model, she was voted fan favorite in a poll the show held after the conclusion of the series. Although the margin was not reported, Kirkpatrick said the producers told her she won by "a whole lot." [ citation needed ] As a result of the win, Kirkpatrick was awarded a six-month, rent-free apartment stay in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to pursue modeling opportunities. [11] (#cite_note-Lehman-11) Kirkpatrick received several representation offers from modeling agencies, [11] (#cite_note-Lehman-11) including Tyra Banks' Bankable Productions. [2] (#cite_note-Toadvine1119-2) [3] (#cite_note-Toadvine1120-3) Kirkpatrick also appeared on Banks' talk show, " The Tyra Banks Show (/wiki/The_Tyra_Banks_Show) ." [6] (#cite_note-Meehan-6) Kirkpatrick participated in charity print work for 2010 Haiti earthquake (/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake) relief. [12] (#cite_note-12) Kirkpatrick was featured in Steve Madden (/wiki/Steve_Madden) 's Summer 2010 Collection and in 2011, had a cover and spread in LexScene magazine. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2013, she was featured in British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Shortly after her appearance on ANTM, Kirkpatrick started a dyslexia foundation, The Beautiful Minds. The foundation hosts runway shows and other events to raise awareness for dyslexia education. In 2011, she appeared in William Fitzsimmons (/wiki/William_Fitzsimmons_(musician)) , " Beautiful Girl " music video. Designing [ edit ] Kirkpatrick has a clothing line, Grumbage. [ citation needed ] Personal life [ edit ] Kirkpatrick now uses the name Laura Sioux Cianciolo, and in January 2021 was profiled by Cincinnati (/wiki/Cincinnati_(magazine)) magazine: You might recognize Laura Cianciolo (née Kirkpatrick) from her successful stint on America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , where the Kentucky native’s charming accent and bubbly personality earned her the title of both runner-up and fan favorite. Today, Cianciolo balances an active modeling career, several small businesses, and life as a single mother. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Free Family Tree, Genealogy, Family History, and DNA Testing" (http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/12252?c=search&first=laura&last=kirkpatrick&spelling=Exact&8_year=&8_month=0&8_day=0&4=&9=&11=&SubmitSearch.x=0&SubmitSearch.y=0&SubmitSearch=Submit) . ^ a b Toadvine, Emily (November 20, 2009). "Runner-up finish in 'Top Model' leads to new opportunities for Stanford native" (http://www.amnews.com/stories/2009/11/19/loc.642167.sto) . The Advocate-Messenger (/wiki/The_Advocate-Messenger) . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b c d Toadvine, Emily (November 20, 2009). "Stanford's Laura Kirkpatrick named Top Model Fan Favorite" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200109213840/https://www.amnews.com/stories/2009/11/20/loc.769538.sto) . The Advocate-Messenger (/wiki/The_Advocate-Messenger) . Archived from the original (http://www.amnews.com/stories/2009/11/20/loc.769538.sto) on January 9, 2020 . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b Toadvine, Emily (November 18, 2009). "Will Stanford's Laura Kirkpatrick be the next "Top Model"?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124090920/http://www.amnews.com/stories/2009/11/18/loc.558055.sto) . The Advocate-Messenger (/wiki/The_Advocate-Messenger) . Archived from the original (http://www.amnews.com/stories/2009/11/18/loc.558055.sto) on November 24, 2009 . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b c Rocchio, Christopher (November 20, 2009). "Exclusive: Laura Kirkpatrick talks about "America's Next Top Model" (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-laura-kirkpatrick-talks-about-america-next-top-model-9968.php) " (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-laura-kirkpatrick-talks-about-america-next-top-model-9968.php) . Reality TV World . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b c d e Meehan, Mary (November 20, 2009). "Stanford's almost "Top Model" sets sights on runway career" (http://www.kentucky.com/lexgo/tv/story/1027054.html) . Lexington Herald-Leader (/wiki/Lexington_Herald-Leader) . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b c Wieselman, Jarett (November 20, 2009). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124092801/http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/popwrap/top_model_laura_nTSoUY8poAM1NKxveofrmI) "Top Model" Laura: "I get excited about everything!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124092801/http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/popwrap/top_model_laura_nTSoUY8poAM1NKxveofrmI) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124092801/http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/popwrap/top_model_laura_nTSoUY8poAM1NKxveofrmI) . New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . Archived from the original (http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/popwrap/top_model_laura_nTSoUY8poAM1NKxveofrmI) on November 24, 2009 . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ a b c Scarpa, Gina (November 20, 2009). "America's Next Top Model Cycle 13: Exclusive Interview with Runner Up Laura Kirkpatrick" (http://www.realitywanted.com/newsitem/2645-americas-next-top-model-cycle-13-exclusive-interview-with-runner-up-laura-kirkpatrick) . Reality Wanted . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Martin, Lara (November 20, 2009). " (http://www.digitalspy.com/ustv/s68/americas-next-top-model/news/a187732/top-model-runner-up-initially-devastated.html) "Top Model" runner-up "initially devastated" (http://www.digitalspy.com/ustv/s68/americas-next-top-model/news/a187732/top-model-runner-up-initially-devastated.html) " (http://www.digitalspy.com/ustv/s68/americas-next-top-model/news/a187732/top-model-runner-up-initially-devastated.html) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved November 25, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ward, Kate (2011-05-12). " (http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/05/12/top-model-all-stars/) 'Top Model All-Stars' cast reported: Lisa D'Amato, Isis King in; Jade out" (http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/05/12/top-model-all-stars/) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved 2011-05-15 . ^ a b Lehman, Mandy. "My #REALFREELANCELIFE True Story: LAURA CIANCIOLO" (https://manmanstudios.com/freelancelife-laura-cianciolo/) . ManManStudios.com . ManMan Studios . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Brock, Herb (January 28, 2010). "Helping Haiti: Local woman spearheads designer gown auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100130115940/http://www.amnews.com/stories/2010/01/28/loc.695218.sto) . The Advocate-Messenger (/wiki/The_Advocate-Messenger) . Archived from the original (http://www.amnews.com/stories/2010/01/28/loc.695218.sto) on January 30, 2010 . Retrieved February 2, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kung, Catherine (January 2012). "Photoshoot with Laura Kirkpatrick in LexScene Magazine" (http://catherine-jones.blogspot.com/2012/01/photoshoot-with-laura-kirkpatrick-in.html) . Catherine Jones . Retrieved 5 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Top Model [@ANTMEurope] (March 20, 2015). "Laura Kirkpatrick for British Vogue Magazine" (https://x.com/ANTMEurope/status/578904689590292480) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fisher, Lauren (28 January 2021). "Model Mom Laura Cianciolo Means Business" (https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article/model-mom-laura-cianciolo-means-business/) . CincinnatiMagazine.com . Cincinnati (/wiki/Cincinnati_(magazine)) . Retrieved 28 January 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official blog (http://laurasiouxstudio.com/) On the Farm with Laura Kirkpatrick: Gingham Dreams - PART 1 (https://www.streetscenevintage.com/blog/2018/5/17/gingham-dreams-with-laura-kirkpatrick) , PART II (https://www.streetscenevintage.com/blog/2018/5/23/on-the-farm-with-laura-kirkpatrick-part-ii) and PART III (https://www.streetscenevintage.com/blog/2018/5/31/wgyri73be45irlllt1e6xic1kkpc9a) - Photo shoot by Street Scene Vintage , May 2018. v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 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1965 fashion photography book This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Take_Ivy) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Take Ivy" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Take+Ivy%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Take+Ivy%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Take+Ivy%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Take+Ivy%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Take+Ivy%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Take+Ivy%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) First edition Take Ivy is a 1965 fashion photography (/wiki/Fashion_photography) book that documents the attire of Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League) students from the 1960s. [1] (#cite_note-1) The New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) described it as "a treasure of fashion insiders". Take Ivy has been the Ivy League bible for Japanese baby boomers (/wiki/Baby_boomers) and has also influenced a "neo-Ivy" style in recent years. [2] (#cite_note-newyorker-2) The book has sold more than 50,000 copies worldwide. Original copies are rare in the West, garnering auction prices as high as $2,000. Magazine editors and retailers display looks taken straight from the photos from the book. [2] (#cite_note-newyorker-2) American designers such as Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) and J. Crew (/wiki/J._Crew) display copies of "Take Ivy" in their store shelves. Take Ivy was originally published in 1965 in Japan by Fujingahosha magazine publishers, known today as Hachette Fujuingaho, Co., Ltd. The latest edition was published by powerHouse Books (/wiki/PowerHouse_Books) in Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn) , on August 31, 2010, and retails for USD $24.95 and CAD $28.95. In 2011, a Dutch translation was written by Michael Hendriks and published by Parvenu Publishers, retailing for €19,95. Background [ edit ] Take Ivy, written by four Japanese sartorial style enthusiasts, is a collection of candid photographs shot on the campuses of America's elite Ivy League universities between 1959 and 1965. [3] (#cite_note-3) Most are of college-aged men distinctively dressed in fine American-made garments engaged in college activities such as eating, lounging in the quad, riding bikes, studying in the library, in class, or at the boathouse. The title was inspired by the jazz (/wiki/Jazz) song " Take Five (/wiki/Take_Five) " by Dave Brubeck (/wiki/Dave_Brubeck) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Authors [ edit ] Teruyoshi Hayashida was born and raised in the fashionable Aoyama District (/wiki/Aoyama,_Tokyo) of Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . He began shooting cover images for Men's Club magazine right after the title's launch. His style is considered to be highly sophisticated and he is a connoisseur of gourmet food. Shosuke Ishizu, the director of Ishizu Office, was born in Okayama Prefecture (/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture) . He started working in the editorial division at Men's Club after graduating from Kuwasawa Design School. He established Ishizu Office in 1983, and continues to produce several clothing brands including Niblick. Toshiyuki Kurosu joined VAN Jacket Inc. (/w/index.php?title=VAN_Jacket_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) [ jp (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%82%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88) ] in 1961, where he developed merchandise and promoted sales. He left the company in 1970 and started his own business called Cross and Simon. After the brand stopped doing business, Toshiyuki began appearing as a regular guest on the hit variety show called Asayan (/wiki/Asayan) . Toshiyuki is also an active writer and intellectual. Hajime (Paul) Hasegawa is from Hyogo (/wiki/Hyogo) Prefecture. After finishing his studies in the U.S. in 1963, Hasegawa returned to Japan to join VAN Jacket Inc. There he was responsible for advertising (/wiki/Advertising) and public relations (/wiki/Public_relations) . Hasegawa was the main coordinator and interpreter for the production of Take Ivy . Since then he held various managerial positions in Japan and abroad, including as the executive director for Cosmo Public Relations Corporation. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Trebay, Guy (23 July 2010). "Prep, Forward and Back" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/25/fashion/25Prep.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ a b Marx, W. David (2015-12-01). "Stalking the Wild Madras Wearers of the Ivy League" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/stalking-the-wild-madras-wearers-of-the-ivy-league) . The New Yorker . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0028-792X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X) . Retrieved 2017-10-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) powerHouse Books Take Ivy ^ (#cite_ref-4) Preppy: Cultivating Ivy Style ; Jeffrey Banks and Doria de la Chapelle, Rizzoli Further reading [ edit ] http://www.acontinuouslean.com/2008/05/19/take-ivy/ (http://www.acontinuouslean.com/2008/05/19/take-ivy/) http://putthison.com/post/40100819929/colin-marshall-on-menswear-books-take-ivy-by (http://putthison.com/post/40100819929/colin-marshall-on-menswear-books-take-ivy-by) http://thetrad.blogspot.ca/2008/12/take-ivy-chapter-i.html (http://thetrad.blogspot.ca/2008/12/take-ivy-chapter-i.html) v t e Ivy League Teams Brown Bears (/wiki/Brown_Bears) Columbia Lions (/wiki/Columbia_Lions) Cornell Big Red (/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red) Dartmouth Big Green (/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green) Harvard Crimson (/wiki/Harvard_Crimson) Penn Quakers (/wiki/Penn_Quakers) Princeton Tigers (/wiki/Princeton_Tigers) Yale Bulldogs (/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs) Competitions Baseball (/wiki/Ivy_League_Baseball_Championship_Series) Basketball (men's) (/wiki/Ivy_League_men%27s_basketball) Basketball (women's) (/wiki/Ivy_League_women%27s_basketball_tournament) Fencing (/wiki/Ivy_League_Fencing_Championships) Rugby (/wiki/Ivy_Rugby_Conference) Related topics Big Three (/wiki/Big_Three_(colleges)) Business schools (/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_business_schools) Digital Network (/wiki/Ivy_League_Digital_Network) Ivy Council (/wiki/Ivy_Council) Law schools (/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_law_schools) Medical schools (/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_medical_schools) Nude posture photos (/wiki/Ivy_League_nude_posture_photos) Public Ivy (/wiki/Public_Ivy) Public policy schools (/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_public_policy_schools) Take Ivy Y Tu Tambien (/wiki/Y_Tu_Tambien) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐zstxh Cached time: 20240718183533 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.270 seconds Real time usage: 0.387 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 809/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24468/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1142/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18946/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.193/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6069148/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 357.255 1 -total 28.49% 101.771 1 Template:Reflist 27.63% 98.716 1 Template:Ivy_League 27.11% 96.839 1 Template:Navbox 23.32% 83.303 1 Template:Cite_news 17.76% 63.441 1 Template:Refimprove 16.34% 58.374 1 Template:Short_description 16.28% 58.152 1 Template:Ambox 9.66% 34.507 2 Template:Pagetype 6.55% 23.386 1 Template:CollegePrimaryStyle Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28138516-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718183533 and revision id 1223551278. 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Japanese cosmetic tradition Mikako Tokugawa, wife of Yoshinobu Tokugawa (/wiki/Yoshinobu_Tokugawa) , with hikimayu A poster for the 1953 film Ugetsu (/wiki/Ugetsu) . The woman in the foreground has hikimayu . Hikimayu ( 引眉 ) was the practice of removing the natural eyebrows and painting smudge-like eyebrows on the forehead in pre-modern Japan, particularly in the Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) (794–1185). Hiki means "pull" and mayu means "eyebrows". Aristocratic women used to pluck or shave their eyebrows and paint new ones using a powdered ink called haizumi , which was made of soot from sesame or rapeseed (/wiki/Rapeseed) oils. [1] (#cite_note-WP-1) History [ edit ] Hikimayu first appeared in the eighth century, when the Japanese court adopted Chinese customs and styles. [2] (#cite_note-KD-2) Japanese noblewomen started painting their faces with a white powder called oshiroi (/wiki/Oshiroi) . One putative reason for hikimayu was that removing the natural eyebrows made it easier to put on the oshiroi . At this time, eyebrows were painted in arc shapes, [2] (#cite_note-KD-2) as in China. Women also started painting their teeth black, known as ohaguro (/wiki/Ohaguro) . Japanese culture began to flourish in its own right during the Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) (794–1185 CE), as Japanese arts and culture flourished in their own right at the Imperial Court in Kyoto (/wiki/Imperial_Court_in_Kyoto) . With the turn away from Chinese culture, Japanese courtiers began to wear elaborate clothing – the jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) for women and the sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) for men – in color combinations (/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan) symbolising the change of the seasons and stylised views of nature. Women also began to paint their faces more thickly, and began painting their eyebrows as ovals or ovoid smudges on their foreheads, above the placement of their natural eyebrows. One theorised reason behind the move towards highly-stylised eyebrows is that as hairstyles on women transitioned into long hair left to hang down naturally on each side of the face, the forehead became too prominent, and that painting the eyebrows as ovals halfway up the forehead redressed this balance. [ citation needed ] The practice of hikimayu continued even into the latter portion of the Heian period; men in particular painted their faces white, blackened their teeth and redrew their eyebrows in its later years. [2] (#cite_note-KD-2) As a fashion for women, hikimayu lasted for a number of centuries afterwards. In Noh (/wiki/Noh) drama, which started in the 14th century, the masks for the roles of young women typically have eyebrows in the hikimayu style. Beginning in the Edo period (/wiki/Edo_period) (1603–1867), both hikimayu and ohaguro transitioned into a practice seen only on married women. [3] (#cite_note-CJH-3) In the latter half of the 19th century, the Japanese government ended its policy of isolationism (/wiki/Sakoku) and started to adopt Western culture. Eyebrows painted on the forehead and blackened teeth were considered no longer appropriate for modern society, and in 1870 hikimayu and ohaguro were banned. [3] (#cite_note-CJH-3) In the modern day, hikimayu and ohaguro are typically only seen in historical drama pieces such as Noh (/wiki/Noh) and kabuki (/wiki/Kabuki) , and occasionally in local festivals. Apprentice geisha (/wiki/Maiko) in some quarters of Japan - typically in Kyoto (/wiki/Kyoto) - may also practice ohaguro before graduating into geisha (/wiki/Geisha) status. In literature [ edit ] Hikimayu is mentioned in both of the great literary classics of the Heian period, The Tale of Genji (/wiki/The_Tale_of_Genji) and The Pillow Book (/wiki/The_Pillow_Book) . The passage from The Tale of Genji , near the end of the sixth chapter, concerns a girl aged about ten who is living in the palace of the Emperor Nijo. The original Japanese, romanization (/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese) , and Edward Seidensticker (/wiki/Edward_Seidensticker) 's translation are as follows. 古代の祖母君の御なごりにて、歯黒めもまだしかりけるを、ひきつくろはせたまへれば、眉のけざやかになりたるも、うつくしうきよらなり。 [4] (#cite_note-4) Kotai no Oba-Gimi no ohom-nagori ni te, ha-gurome mo madasikari keru wo, hiki-tukuroha se tamahe re ba, mayu no kezayaka ni nari taru mo, utukusiu kiyora nari. [5] (#cite_note-5) Because of her grandmother's conservative preferences, her teeth had not yet been blackened or her eyebrows plucked. Genji had put one of the women to blackening her eyebrows, which drew fresh, graceful arcs. [6] (#cite_note-ES-6) The translation by Royall Tyler (/wiki/Royall_Tyler_(academic)) is: In deference to her grandmother's old-fashioned manners her teeth had not yet received any blacking, but he had had her made up, and the sharp line of her eyebrows was very attractive. [7] (#cite_note-RT-7) In Meredith McKinney's translation of the Pillow Book , section 80 reads: 物のあはれ知らせがほなるもの—鼻たるまもなく、かみてものいふ聲。まゆぬくも。 [8] (#cite_note-8) Things that create the appearance of deep emotion [a] (#cite_note-9) – The sound of your voice when you're constantly blowing your runny nose as you talk. Plucking your eyebrows. [9] (#cite_note-MM-10) In cinema [ edit ] Hikimayu can be seen in the films Rashomon (/wiki/Rashomon_(film)) , Ugetsu (/wiki/Ugetsu) , and Ran (/wiki/Ran_(film)) . In the first two films, hikimayu can be seen on actress Machiko Kyō (/wiki/Machiko_Ky%C5%8D) : in Rashomon , which is set in the Heian period, she plays a samurai's wife; in Ugetsu , also known as Ugetsu Monogatari , set in the Sengoku (civil war) period (/wiki/Sengoku_period) of 1493–1573, she plays the ghost of a noblewoman. In Ran , which is based on King Lear (/wiki/King_Lear) , hikimayu can be seen on Mieko Harada (/wiki/Mieko_Harada) as Lady Kaede. Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Deep emotion" translates 物のあはれ mono no aware (/wiki/Mono_no_aware) lit. ' the sadness of things ' References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-WP_1-0) Cosmetics in the Heian period. Archived copy of defunct webpage; accessed in April 2011 (https://web.archive.org/web/20080204002258/http://evagenji.hp.infoseek.co.jp/co-0307-1-6-01.htm#3#3) ^ Jump up to: a b c Kokushi Daijiten . Yoshikawa, 1985. ^ Jump up to: a b Cyclopedia of Japanese History / Nihonshi Daijiten . Heibonsha, 1993. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Genji Monogatari (Original)" (http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/genji/Mur06GO.html#in21) . Japanese Text Initiative . Retrieved December 20, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Genji Monogatari (Romaji)" (http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/genji/Mur06GR.html#in21) . Japanese Text Initiative . Retrieved December 20, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-ES_6-0) Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji . Translation by Edward Seidensticker. Knopf, 1978. ^ (#cite_ref-RT_7-0) Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji . Translation by Royall Tyler. Penguin, 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Makura no sōshi" (http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/sei/makura/SeiMaku.html#%EF%BC%BB%EF%BC%98%EF%BC%95%EF%BC%BD) . Japanese Text Initiative . Retrieved December 23, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-MM_10-0) Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book . Translation by Meredith McKinney. 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Lovikkavantar Lovikkavante ('Lovikka Mitten') is a noted Swedish glove or mitten originating from the village of Lovikka (/w/index.php?title=Lovikka&action=edit&redlink=1) [ sv (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovikka) ] , in the district of Junosuando (/wiki/Junosuando) by Torne (Finnish and Swedish river) (/wiki/Torne_(Finnish_and_Swedish_river)) in Pajala Municipality (/wiki/Pajala_Municipality) , Norrbotten (/wiki/Norrbotten) in Northern Sweden. It is a knitted wool (/wiki/Wool) mitten manufactured and designed in accordance with the pattern established by its creator Erika Aittamaa (/wiki/Erika_Aittamaa) in 1892, especially designed for the cold climate of Northern Sweden. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The village of Lovikka has a small museum dedicated to the history and design of the mittens. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Frängsmyr, Tore (1995). Edlund, Lars-Erik (ed.). Norrländsk uppslagsbok: ett uppslagsverk på vetenskaplig grund om den norrländska regionen . Vol. 3, [Lapp-Reens]. Umeå: Norrlands universitetsförlag. pp. 76–77. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-972484-1-X . SELIBR (/wiki/SELIBR_(identifier)) 1610873 (https://libris.kb.se/bib/1610873) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Radio, Sveriges. "Hör Erika berätta 1948 hur hon uppfann lovikkavanten / Erika kertoo 1948 kunka hän keksi lovikkavanthuun – Meänraatio" (http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1017&artikel=6374753) . Retrieved 2017-07-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lovikkavanten (Lovikka Mitten Statue)" (https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lovikkavanten-lovikka-mitten-statue) . www.atlasobscura.com . Atlas Obscura (/wiki/Atlas_Obscura) . Retrieved 18 February 2018 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐55655fd755‐nwx4h Cached time: 20240627173403 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.152 seconds Real time usage: 0.306 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 331/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6371/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 110/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14491/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.081/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2916377/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 190.329 1 -total 81.33% 154.792 1 Template:Reflist 49.43% 94.073 1 Template:Cite_book 20.00% 38.067 1 Template:LIBRIS 18.29% 34.809 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 17.03% 32.406 1 Template:Ill 13.49% 25.668 1 Template:Separated_entries 5.97% 11.358 2 Template:Cite_web 1.07% 2.032 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52458318-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627173403 and revision id 1180552392. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lovikkavante&oldid=1180552392 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lovikkavante&oldid=1180552392) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Gloves (/wiki/Category:Gloves) Clothing brands of Sweden (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Sweden) 1892 establishments in Sweden (/wiki/Category:1892_establishments_in_Sweden) Clothing companies established in 1892 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1892) Hidden category: CS1: long volume value (/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value)
British model and designer (born 1993) Leomie Anderson Anderson in 2018 Born Leomie Jasmin Francis Anderson ( 1993-02-15 ) 15 February 1993 (age 31) South London, England Occupation Model Years active 2010–present Partner Lancey Foux (/wiki/Lancey_Foux) (2016–2023) [2] (#cite_note-2) Modeling information Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Black (/wiki/Black_hair) Eye color Brown (/wiki/Eye_color#Brown) Agency CAA (/wiki/Creative_Artists_Agency) (New York, Los Angeles) Premium Models (Paris) D'Management Group (Milan) TESS Management (London) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Website lappthebrand.com Leomie Jasmin Francis Anderson (born 14 February 1993) is a British fashion model, television presenter, and activist. She has walked in four consecutive Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) from 2015 to 2018, and became a Victoria's Secret Angel (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) in 2019. Anderson was included in a 2020 Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) '30 Under 30' list for the art & culture category. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Anderson, originally from Wandsworth (/wiki/Wandsworth) , London, and of Jamaican heritage, began a career as a model when she was scouted at the age of 14. [4] (#cite_note-4) Initially, she wanted to become a fashion journalist. At age 17, she was booked for her first catwalk show by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , becoming one of the designer's favorites. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In 2011, Anderson appeared on the Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) 's reality show The Model Agency . [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) She has walked for brands such as Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) , Fenty Puma (/wiki/Rihanna) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) , Temperley (/wiki/Alice_Temperley) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , and Yeezy (/wiki/Kanye_West) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) She became one of the faces for her role model, Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) ’s, brand Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) , when it first launched in 2017. [9] (#cite_note-9) Her campaign portfolio includes also Pat McGrath (/wiki/Pat_McGrath_(make-up_artist)) 's make-up line, Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) , Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , and Jones New York (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) In 2015, Anderson was selected for the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) , after third casting, and has since walked in the show for 4 consecutive years. [10] (#cite_note-Vogue-10) [11] (#cite_note-Glamour-11) In April 2019, she became, as the sixth Black and first British Black model, Victoria's Secret Angel (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) . [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) She was ranked as a "Money Girl" by models.com [13] (#cite_note-13) She was recognized for her beauty by being included in the "World's Beautiful Women" list curated by What's Good?. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2016, she created the LAPP blog (/wiki/Blog) (Leomie Anderson, the Project, the Purpose), later known as LAPP Magazine, to provide insight and awareness about women’s mental health, rights and body consciousness, promoting female empowerment. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In part to support the platform, she has founded her own clothing brand, LAPP The Brand, which was launched in September 2016. Anderson developed a line of women’s athletic garments, which can be worn as fashion or as active wear. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) As a women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) activist, Anderson gave two TEDx Talks (/wiki/TED_(conference)) , and spoke at Oxford (/wiki/University_of_Oxford) and Cambridge (/wiki/University_of_Cambridge) universities. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) She has been vocal about racial discrimination in the modelling industry. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In April 2021, she debuted her podcast (/wiki/Podcast) , Role Model with Leomie Anderson ( Somethin’ Else (/wiki/Somethin%27_Else_(content_agency)) , Sony Music (/wiki/Sony_Music) ), to "speak to international superstars who are breaking boundaries and shaping culture." [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) In 2023, Anderson replaced Maya Jama (/wiki/Maya_Jama) as presenter of popular BBC (/wiki/BBC) television series Glow Up: Britain's Next Make-Up Star (/wiki/Glow_Up:_Britain%27s_Next_Make-Up_Star) . Awards [ edit ] 2017 Yahoo (/wiki/Yahoo!) ’s Diversity in Beauty Awards – Model Activist [21] (#cite_note-21) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Role 2022 RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) Series 4 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK_(series_4)) ; Guest judge 2023 Glow Up: Britain's Next Make-Up Star (/wiki/Glow_Up:_Britain%27s_Next_Make-Up_Star) Series 5; Host 2023 Celebrity Gogglebox (/wiki/Celebrity_Gogglebox) Series 5; Herself Notes [ edit ] ^ a b "Leomie Anderson - Model" (https://models.com/models/leomie-anderson) . Models.com . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chappet, Marie-Claire (March 8, 2022). "Leomie Anderson: 'Lance has shown me that there are guys out there who are very aware of how women are treated – and want to change it' (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/international-womens-day-2022-leomie-anderson-lancey-foux-interview) " (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/international-womens-day-2022-leomie-anderson-lancey-foux-interview) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220920175601/https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/international-womens-day-2022-leomie-anderson-lancey-foux-interview) from the original on 2022-09-20 . Retrieved 2022-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sternlicht, Alexandra; Baker, Sam (2020-03-17). "The 2020 Forbes Under 30 Europe Art & Culture Honorees Are Creatives Expanding Representation In Fashion, Art And Food" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2020/03/17/the-2020-forbes-under-30-europe-art--culture-honorees-are-creatives-expanding-representation-in-fashion-art-and-food/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rutherford, Chrissy (2019-04-04). "Leomie Anderson Is The Newest Victoria's Secret Angel" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a27042294/leomie-anderson-new-victorias-secret-angel/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ a b c d Harrison, Tiffany (2021-02-12). "Model Leomie Anderson on Reinventing Her Athleisure Brand, LAPP" (https://hypebae.com/2021/2/leomie-anderson-lapp-athleisure-activewear-brand-founder-model-career-interview) . hypebae.com . Hypebeast Hong Kong . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ a b c Soo Hoo, Fawnia (2018-10-15). "How Leomie Anderson Went From Teen Model To Activist And Media Entrepreneur" (https://fashionista.com/2018/09/leomie-anderson-model-career) . Fashionista (/wiki/Fashionista_(website)) . Retrieved 2021-05-21 . ^ a b c Williams, Tommy (2019-01-21). "More Than A Model: Meet Social Activist and Entrepreneur Leomie Anderson" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/tommywilliams1/2019/01/21/more-than-a-model-meet-social-activist-and-entrepreneur-leomie-anderson/#62d598b278f4) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ a b Lloyd, Kate (2014-12-04). "Model Leomie Anderson Talks Backstage Naps And Her 21st Birthday At London Fashion Week" (https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/shopping/leomie-anderson-backstage-lfw/) . Grazia UK (/wiki/Grazia) . Retrieved 2021-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Mahanty, Shannon (2019-01-09). "Collective Power: Stormzy And Friends" (https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/a25788236/stormzy-elle-2019/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_10-0) Okwodu, Janelle (23 November 2015). "How a Model Vlogger Landed on the Victoria's Secret Runway" (http://www.vogue.com/article/model-vlogger-leomie-anderson-victorias-secret-show) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glamour_11-0) LeSavage, Halie (April 4, 2019). "Leomie Anderson Is the Newest Victoria's Secret Angel" (https://www.glamour.com/story/leomie-anderson-victorias-secret-angel) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ a b Campbell, Joel (2021-05-10). "Leomie Anderson and Winnie Harlow engage in real talk on new podcast" (https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/2021/05/10/leomie-anderson-and-winnie-harlow-engage-in-real-talk-on-new-podcast/) . The Voice (/wiki/The_Voice_(British_newspaper)) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Money Girls" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/MoneyGirls/7835#7835) . Models.com . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The Most Beautiful Women in the World" (https://whatsgoodonline.co.uk/beauty/most-beautiful-women-in-the-world/) . What's Good? . 22 January 2024 . Retrieved 1 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Agyemang, Nana (21 February 2017). "Leomie Anderson Talks Model Activism and the Fashion Industry" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/q-and-a/a42439/leomie-anderson-lapp-rihanna/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Garcia, Tess (13 April 2017). "Leomie Anderson Talks Discrimination at Fashion Week and LAPP the brand" (http://www.teenvogue.com/story/leomie-anderson-lapp-the-brand-fashion-week-model-discrimination) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Anderson, Leomie (August 2017), "Behind The Lens Of The Modelling Industry" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cehHMASVcJo) , TEDxPeckham , TEDx Talks (/wiki/TED_(conference)#TEDx) , retrieved 2021-05-25 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Anderson, Leomie (18 November 2020), "How finding your voice creates change." (https://www.ted.com/talks/leomie_anderson_how_finding_your_voice_creates_change) , TEDxWarwick , TED (/wiki/TED_(conference)) , retrieved 2021-05-25 ^ (#cite_ref-19) Izundu, Chi Chi (2015-11-11). "Model Leomie Anderson says the fashion world still doesn't 'accept black girls' (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-34766507) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-34766507) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . Retrieved 2021-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Milligan, Lauren (2016-02-18). "Leomie Blasts Unprepared Make-Up Artists" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/leomie-anderson-make-up-artist-black-models-at-shows) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . Retrieved 2021-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Anderson, Leomie (2017-03-28). "Model Leomie Anderson's Empowering Message to Women: 'Your Voice Matters' (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/model-leomie-andersons-empowering-message-to-women-your-voice-matters-172233620.html) " (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/model-leomie-andersons-empowering-message-to-women-your-voice-matters-172233620.html) . Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) Lifestyle . Retrieved 2021-05-26 . 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British luxury fashion house Alexander McQueen Company type Subsidiary Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Euronext (/wiki/Euronext) : KER FP (https://www.euronext.com/en/products/equities/FR0000121485-XPAR) Industry Fashion Founded 1992 ; 32 years ago ( 1992 ) Founder Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Headquarters London , England Key people Gianfilippo Testa [1] (#cite_note-1) (CEO) Seán McGirr (Creative Director) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Kering (/wiki/Kering) Website alexandermcqueen (http://alexandermcqueen.com) .com (http://alexandermcqueen.com) Alexander McQueen is a British luxury fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) founded by the designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) in 1992. After his death, Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) [2] (#cite_note-Alexander_McQueen_Men's_RTW_Fall_2014-2) was its creative director, from 2010 to 2023. Its current creative director is Seán McGirr. [3] (#cite_note-3) The house specializes in haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) , premium leather accessories, and footwear. History [ edit ] Alternative original logo as it appears on some boutiques An Alexander McQueen dress from his last show, on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , London, in 2009 A display from "Savage Beauty", a retrospective of Alexander McQueen designs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , New York City, 2011 The Alexander McQueen brand was founded by the designer Alexander McQueen in 1992. [4] (#cite_note-4) The house's early collections developed its reputation for controversy and shock tactics (earning the title "l'enfant terrible" and "the hooligan of English fashion"), with trousers aptly named " bumsters (/wiki/Low-rise_jeans) " and a collection entitled Highland Rape . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-TimesMcQueenProfile-6) McQueen staged lavish and unconventional runway shows, such as a recreation of a shipwreck for his Spring 2003 collection, Spring 2005's human chess game, and the Fall 2006 show, Widows of Culloden , which featured a life-sized hologram of supermodel Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) dressed in yards of rippling fabric. [7] (#cite_note-Bridget_Foley-7) In total, McQueen designed 36 collections for his London label, including his MA graduate collection. [8] (#cite_note-8) During his time as head designer, McQueen was awarded the title " British Designer of the Year (/wiki/British_Designer_of_the_Year) " four times between 1996 and 2003; [9] (#cite_note-9) he was also appointed a CBE (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) and named International Designer of the Year by the Council of Fashion Designers (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) in 2003. [10] (#cite_note-10) In December 2000, the Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) Group acquired 51% of his company and appointed him as Creative Director [11] (#cite_note-11) before launching stores in London, [12] (#cite_note-12) Milan, [13] (#cite_note-13) New York, [14] (#cite_note-14) Los Angeles [15] (#cite_note-15) and Las Vegas. Following the takeover, the brand's catwalk presentations were relocated from London to Paris, beginning with the Spring/Summer 2002 collection with The Dance of The Twisted Bull on 6 October 2001. [16] (#cite_note-16) Alexander McQueen launched its first menswear collection in Spring/Summer 2005 [17] (#cite_note-17) and continues to show its collections during Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . The company launched its first women's pre-Spring collection on the runway with its men's collection on 22 June 2008 [18] (#cite_note-18) and has released cruise collections (/wiki/Cruise_collection) since Spring 2010. [19] (#cite_note-19) Alexander McQueen launched an online store in the US in 2008. [20] (#cite_note-20) This was later expanded with an online store for the UK market in 2010. [21] (#cite_note-21) On 31 October 2011, Alexander McQueen opened its first store in Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) with a runway show. [22] (#cite_note-22) McQueen's suicide was announced on the afternoon of 11 February 2010. At the time of his death, the company had debts of £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 32 million [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) despite posting profits from handbag sales in 2008. [25] (#cite_note-25) Sarah Burton, who was McQueen's deputy for 14 years, became the creative director for the Alexander McQueen label after his death. The company continued to expand globally in the following years, and its product range also expanded. The number of McQueen stores worldwide had increased to 100 by the end of 2020, with revenues estimated to be €500m in 2020. [26] (#cite_note-26) McQ [ edit ] On 27 July 2006, the company launched a lower-priced diffusion line McQ . [27] (#cite_note-27) The line, separate from the main house, carried upscale men's and women's ready-to-wear and accessories, was exclusively designed by Lee Alexander McQueen, manufactured and distributed worldwide by SINV SpA under the terms of a five-year license agreement with Alexander McQueen. [28] (#cite_note-28) Promoted as a denim line, the focus of McQ was a more youthful market. [29] (#cite_note-29) The Spring/Summer 2011 was the final collection in collaboration with SINV SpA. Pina Ferlisi was appointed as the creative director for the line in June 2010. [30] (#cite_note-30) Following the expiration of the contract with SINV SpA with the Spring/Summer 2011 collection, the brand announced on 11 October 2010 that it would take control of the McQ diffusion line by creating a new internal team with the creative direction of Pina Ferlisi, under the leadership of Alexander McQueen's creative director Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) . [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) For the first campaign for the re-acquired line, photographer Niall O'Brien collaborated with McQ by driving across the American Northwest capturing images which evoked the McQ attitude. [33] (#cite_note-33) In August 2011, the company announced it would launch its first McQ standalone boutique in London in 2012. [34] (#cite_note-34) In November 2011, it announced that McQ would be presented at London Fashion Week for the first time in February 2012, and that its four-storey Georgian townhouse boutique would stock womenswear, menswear, and accessories. [35] (#cite_note-35) As of June 2022, the McQ diffusion line was “suspended" after the appointment of a new CEO, Gianfilippo Testa, in May 2022. [36] (#cite_note-36) Collaborations [ edit ] Alexander McQueen dress, 2001 Between 1996 and 2001, Alexander McQueen collaborated with the jeweller Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) on bespoke jewellery pieces for the catwalk presentations. [37] (#cite_note-vam.ac.uk-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) In January 2003, Alexander McQueen collaborated with the perfumer Jacques Cavallier [39] (#cite_note-39) to launch his first fragrance Kingdom , which was launched on the designer's birthday 17 March. [40] (#cite_note-40) A limited edition version of the fragrance was launched in 2004. [41] (#cite_note-41) The company launched its second fragrance, My Queen, three years later in 2006. [42] (#cite_note-42) On 10 October 2003, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Michael Clark (/wiki/Michael_Clark_(dancer)) to stage the Spring 2004 collection. [43] (#cite_note-43) On 15 October 2003, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) at Fashion Rocks (/wiki/Fashion_Rocks) where the Fall 2003 collection was presented at the Royal Albert Hall (/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall) . [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) In 2004, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Safilo (/wiki/Safilo) via a licensing deal to launch an eyewear range. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) The 2010 collection featured the house's trademark skull detail. [48] (#cite_note-48) The same year, the company collaborated with American Express (/wiki/American_Express) to launch a limited-edition version of its ultra-exclusive Centurion Card. [49] (#cite_note-49) The card is available by invitation only to AMEX Platinum card members. [50] (#cite_note-50) To launch the card, McQueen hosted a retrospective of his collections from 1995 till Fall 2003. [51] (#cite_note-51) In 2005, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Puma AG (/wiki/Puma_AG) to produce a line of men's and women's footwear launched in Spring 2006. [52] (#cite_note-52) The Alexander McQueen x PUMA collaboration was founded on the union of tradition and technology, with juxtaposing influences. [53] (#cite_note-53) In 2008, the line's Fall 2009 collection was fully expanded to include men's and women's apparel, [54] (#cite_note-54) with a collaboration with the film director Saam Farahmand (/wiki/Saam_Farahmand) to produce a 4-minute short film Ghost as an ad campaign for the collection. [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) In 2007, Alexander McQueen became the first brand to participate in MAC's (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) promotion of cosmetic releases created by fashion designers. [57] (#cite_note-57) The collection was released on 11 October and reflected the looks used on the Autumn/Winter McQueen catwalk. The inspiration for the collection was the 1963 film Cleopatra (/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)) starring Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , and thus the models sported intense blue, green, and teal eyes with strong black liner extended Egyptian-style. [58] (#cite_note-58) In 2008, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Samsonite (/wiki/Samsonite) to produce the Black Label luggage collection using a mould of a human ribcage and sternum on the front and spine on the back. [59] (#cite_note-59) Other pieces in the collection apply animal patterns like crocodile to the bags' skin using laser cutting technology. [60] (#cite_note-60) With the catwalk presentations, Alexander McQueen collaborated with Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) to produce hats for the Spring 2008 collection, [61] (#cite_note-61) and again with the Fall 2009 collection. [62] (#cite_note-62) The same year, the McQ diffusion line collaborated with the retailer Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) as McQ for Target . [63] (#cite_note-63) It was the first collaboration between Target and an international designer. [64] (#cite_note-64) McQueen cited Leila Moss of The Duke Spirit (/wiki/The_Duke_Spirit) as his muse for the collection. [65] (#cite_note-65) The collection was launched on 4 March 2009, [66] (#cite_note-66) with the band playing at the launch party. [67] (#cite_note-67) During first semester of 2009, McQueen also collaborated with the dancer Sylvie Guillem, the director Robert Lepage and the choreographer Russell Maliphant to design the wardrobe for the theater show "Eonnagata", directed by Lepage. The film "Sylvie Guillem, On The Edge" produced by the French production company A DROITE DE LA LUNE, traces the whole history of the creation of the show, from its first rehearsals in Quebec to its world premiere in 2008 at Sadler's Wells theater in London. [68] (#cite_note-68) On 6 October 2009, the company collaborated with SHOWstudio (/wiki/SHOWstudio.com) to stream its Spring/Summer 2010 collection Plato's Atlantis live on the company's website. [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) The shoes from that collection were later featured on the SHOWstudio website. [71] (#cite_note-71) The same year, the company collaborated with Unkle (/wiki/Unkle) who produced music for the McQ Autumn/Winter 2009 collection [72] (#cite_note-72) titled McQ (/wiki/End_Titles..._Stories_for_Film#4_McQ_-_Autumn_/_Winter_2009) . The collaboration was a success, and was extended a second season for the McQ Spring/Summer 2010 collection where the promotional CD was given out in a McQ press goodie bag. [73] (#cite_note-73) In June 2010, Visionaire (/wiki/Visionaire) magazine's 58th issue, titled Spirit: A Tribute To Lee Alexander McQueen , was released as a tribute to the late founder. [74] (#cite_note-74) The issue featured images and discussions with editors who had met McQueen in 2003 to discuss the collaboration which never materialised. [75] (#cite_note-75) The issue also features contributions from Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) , Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) and Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) [76] (#cite_note-76) Only 1,500 numbered copies were made, with pages made from seeded paper, which will sprout wildflowers once planted, signifying the ongoing legacy of McQueen. [77] (#cite_note-77) Controversies [ edit ] Alexander McQueen first caused controversy with his Spring/Summer 1995 collection which featured his signature "bumster trousers". At the time, the trousers were described as indecent as they barely covered the natural downward curve of the buttocks. [78] (#cite_note-78) He followed this by entitling his Autumn/Winter 1995 collection Highland Rape which he explained was about the "rape" of Scotland by the English, a subject that had a personal resonance as his family is of Scottish descent. [79] (#cite_note-glbtq.com-79) The collection featured tattered dresses made of scraps of tartan and chiffon and a tampon-strewn skirt. [80] (#cite_note-80) In 1998, Alexander McQueen photographed Aimee Mullins (/wiki/Aimee_Mullins) and sent her down the catwalk with intricately carved wooden legs – making her the first amputee to ever be featured on the catwalk. [81] (#cite_note-81) For the untitled Spring/Summer 1999 catwalk show, Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) 's white cotton dress was sprayed by car robots as she was spun around a platform. [82] (#cite_note-82) Animal rights activists and heavy police presence due to a reported bomb scare were present at the Autumn/Winter 2000 Eshu catwalk show, due to the extensive use of fur and leather in the collection. [83] (#cite_note-widemedia.com-83) McQueen was accused of misogyny (/wiki/Misogyny) following the Autumn/Winter 2009 The Horn of Plenty catwalk show [84] (#cite_note-84) where models with huge, overdrawn red and black lips were compared to a blow-up sex doll and hats made from found objects and rubbish like aluminium cans and duct tape implied models themselves were trash. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) Similarly, the Autumn/Winter 2010 An Bailitheor Cnámh menswear catwalk show featured men in masks and netted headgear that alluded to sadomasochism or bondage, and one of the suits was printed with human skulls and bones. [87] (#cite_note-87) For the Spring/Summer 2010 Plato's Atlantis catwalk show, models refused to wear the now iconic 12 inch high armadillo shoes (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) due to safety fears. [88] (#cite_note-88) One of the models who refused, had fainted in the Spring/Summer 2009 Natural Dis-tinction Un-natural Selection catwalk show after being squeezed into a corset which was too tight. [89] (#cite_note-89) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) wore a pair in her music video for " Bad Romance (/wiki/Bad_Romance#Music_video) " [90] (#cite_note-90) [91] (#cite_note-91) and created a version in chocolate encrusted with sparkly sprinkles for her Christmas shop in 2011. [92] (#cite_note-92) Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) store in London caused controversy when they unveiled a window display showing one of McQueen’s designs being hanged from the gallows. [93] (#cite_note-93) The store later apologised, saying that "presenting a fashion item from the new Alexander McQueen collection hanging was never intended to be linked to the designer's untimely death or how he died." [94] (#cite_note-94) In October 2010, The Hell's Angels (/wiki/Hells_Angels) filed a lawsuit against the company for "misusing its trademark winged death heads symbol (/wiki/Hells_Angels#Insignia) " [95] (#cite_note-95) in several items from its Autumn/Winter 2010 collection. The lawsuit was widely reported across all media, [96] (#cite_note-96) [97] (#cite_note-97) [98] (#cite_note-bloomberg.com-98) The US$2,325 "Hell's Angels Knuckleduster Box clutch" handbag [99] (#cite_note-99) and US$560 "Hells Angels Pashmina" scarf [100] (#cite_note-100) was also named in lawsuit. [101] (#cite_note-101) The lawyer representing Hells Angels claimed "This isn't just about money, it's about membership. If you've got one of these rings on, a member might get really upset that you're an imposter." [102] (#cite_note-102) The company settled the case with the Hell's Angels after agreeing to remove all of the merchandise featuring the logo from sale on their website, stores and concessions and recalling any of the goodies which have already been sold and destroying them. [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-104) [105] (#cite_note-105) Similarly, costume designer Jany Temime (/wiki/Jany_Temime) was exposed for copying a dress from the Autumn/Winter 2008 collection The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) , for her work on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1) . [106] (#cite_note-106) Temime had claimed that she "wanted it to be a witch wedding dress but not a Halloween dress. The dress is white but it needed to have something fantastic to it. So there is the phoenix [motif], the bird, which is a symbol of love in a way because there is rebirth, love never dies, it is born again." However, the birds on the McQueen original were actually peacocks, and although Temime did manage to change the crest on the bird's heads to make them more 'phoenixy', she neglected to alter any other detail of the birds, including their rather obvious peacock feathers. [107] (#cite_note-107) The story was widely reported by the fashion media. [108] (#cite_note-108) [109] (#cite_note-109) [110] (#cite_note-110) [111] (#cite_note-111) [112] (#cite_note-112) [113] (#cite_note-113) [114] (#cite_note-114) Post-Lee Alexander McQueen through today [ edit ] An Alexander McQueen dress designed by Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) , Autumn 2019 collection On 18 February 2010, Robert Polet, the president and chief executive of the Gucci Group, announced that the Alexander McQueen business would carry on without its founder and creative director. [115] (#cite_note-McQueenWWD-115) He also added that a McQueen collection would be presented during Paris Fashion Week. [115] (#cite_note-McQueenWWD-115) On 27 May 2010, Sarah Burton, McQueen's right hand design aide since 1996, was announced as the new creative director of the Alexander McQueen brand, [116] (#cite_note-116) with further plans to launch a men's underwear collection in June 2010. [117] (#cite_note-117) The underwear line featured iconic prints from the McQueen archive and the logo on the waistband, [118] (#cite_note-118) with a percentage of the launch collection of Alexander McQueen underwear to be given to various AIDS charities around the world. [119] (#cite_note-119) Burton launched her first menswear show Pomp and Circumstance under the McQueen brand in June 2010 to generally positive reviews, which noted how low-key the event was. [120] (#cite_note-120) She launched the brand's womenswear resort collection shortly after, [121] (#cite_note-121) which was praised for lightness and having 'a woman's touch'. [122] (#cite_note-122) Burton showed her first womenswear show on 5 October 2010 in Paris, where she said her vision for the brand would be "lighter". [123] (#cite_note-123) The show was praised for being one of the strongest shows at Paris Fashion Week, [124] (#cite_note-124) "full of McQueen trademarks and ideas" and a "far more optimistic sensibility". [125] (#cite_note-125) Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) 's " I'll Be There (/wiki/I%27ll_Be_There_(The_Jackson_5_song)) " was played at the finale of the show. [126] (#cite_note-126) Creative director Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) designed the dress worn by Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) during her wedding to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales) on Friday 29 April 2011. [127] (#cite_note-127) An analysis of online chatter shows that Alexander McQueen creates the most intense feelings of brand passion amongst wedding dress designers in the NetBase Brand Passion Index. [128] (#cite_note-128) An example of McQueen's (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) ability to structure, saw, and create visionary garnments The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City hosted a posthumous exhibition of McQueen's work in 2011 titled Savage Beauty (/wiki/Savage_Beauty_(exhibition)) . Despite being open for only three months, it was one of the most popular exhibitions in the museum's history. [129] (#cite_note-129) The exhibition was so successful that Alexander McQueen fans and industry professionals worldwide began rallying at Change.org to "Please Make Alexander McQueen's Savage Beauty a Traveling Exhibition" to bring honour to McQueen and see his vision become a reality: to share his work with the entire world. [130] (#cite_note-130) This exhibition celebrated McQueen's vision and creativity. It comprised one hundred of its most famous designs, taken from its archive in London. The exhibition Savage Beauty (/wiki/Savage_Beauty_(exhibition)) was brought to the Victoria & Albert Museum in London from 14 March 2015 to 2 August 2015. [131] (#cite_note-131) On 28 November 2011, Sarah Burton won the Designer of the Year at the 2011 British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) . [132] (#cite_note-132) As of January 2014, Harley Hughes is Alexander "McQueen's head of men's wear design" during the Fall 2014 fashion show. [2] (#cite_note-Alexander_McQueen_Men's_RTW_Fall_2014-2) After the show, both Sarah Burton, the creative director, and Harley Huges, took a bow to the public. [2] (#cite_note-Alexander_McQueen_Men's_RTW_Fall_2014-2) In July 2015, Catherine Middleton (now Catherine, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) ), wore an all-cream Alexander McQueen outfit for Princess Charlotte (/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)) 's christening. [133] (#cite_note-133) In May 2016, at UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) Headquarters, Alexander McQueen brand won Prix Versailles for its rue Saint-Honoré (/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) boutique, in Paris. [134] (#cite_note-134) [135] (#cite_note-135) In September 2023, it was announced that creative director Sarah Burton would be stepping down from the label after a 26 year career with the brand. In October 2023, her replacement, Seàn McGirr, was announced creative director. Creative Directors [ edit ] Director Tenure Seàn McGirr 2023–present Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) 2010–2023 Lee Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) 1992–2010 Retail Stores [ edit ] AMQ and McQ operated by Alexander McQueen Ltd. and Kering S.A., with YOOX S.p.A. as online retailer since 2011. [136] (#cite_note-136) Asia: 23 (China, Hong Kong (5), Macau (3), Japan, Korea, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia) New Zealand: 1 (Auckland) Australia: 1 (Melbourne) Europe: 7 (London (2), Milan, Moscow (2), Paris, & Vienna) Middle East: 4 (Abu Dhabi & Dubai (2), Qatar) United States: 8 (Dallas, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Charlotte, Atlanta & San Francisco) Canada: 1 (Toronto) Other/Department stores [ edit ] Marais Australia Harrods Harvey Nichols Joyce Saks Fifth Avenue Bergdorf Goodman Selfridges London Neiman Marcus Bloomingdale's Tsum List of Alexander McQueen Collections [ edit ] Alexander McQueen collections each featured a title revolving around the specific theme for each collection and show. The tradition ended for Autumn/Winter 2010 with McQueen's death, and subsequent collections were launched without titles. The traditional briefly returned for the Autumn/Winter 2022 collection and continued until Sarah Burton's departure after the Spring/Summer 2024 show. The list excludes pre-collections and accessories lines. Womenswear Mainline Catwalk Collections Season Title Location Creative Director 1992 Graduate Collection Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1993 Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1994 Nihilism London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1994 Banshee London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1995 The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1995 Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1996 The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1996 Danté (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London (later restaged in New York) Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1997 Bellmer La Poupée London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1997 It's A Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1998 Untitled (originally Golden Shower) London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1998 Joan London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1999 Nº13 (/wiki/No._13_Finale#No._13) London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 1999 The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2000 Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) New York Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2000 Eshu London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2001 Voss London Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2001 What A Merry-Go-Round London Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2002 The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2002 Supercalifragilistic-expialidocious Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2003 Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2003 Scanners Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2004 Deliverance Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2004 Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2005 It's Only a Game Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2005 The Man Who Knew Too Much Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2006 Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2006 The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2007 Sarabande Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2007 In Memory of Elizabeth Howe, Salem, 1692 Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2008 La Dame Bleue Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2008 The Girl Who Lived in the Tree Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2009 Natural Dis-tinction Un-natural Selection Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2009 The Horn of Plenty Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2010 Plato's Atlantis Paris Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2010 Untitled (unofficially Angels & Demons) Paris Lee Alexander McQueen (finished by Sarah Burton) Spring/Summer 2011 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2011 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2012 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2012 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2013 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2013 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2014 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2014 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2015 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2015 The Spirit of the Rose Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2016 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2016 Untitled London Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2017 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2017 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2018 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2018 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2019 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2019 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2020 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2020 Untitled Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2021 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2021 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2022 Untitled London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2022 Mycelium New York Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2023 First Sight London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2023 Anatomy Paris Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2024 Anatomy II Paris Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2024 Untitled Paris Seán McGirr Menswear Mainline Catwalk Collections Season Title Location Creative Director Autumn/Winter 2004 Textist Presented Digitally Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2005 Untitled Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2005 Untitled Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2006 Killa Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2006 Untitled Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2007 Harlem Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2007 The Forgotten Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2008 Please, Sur Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2008 Pilgrim Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2009 Love You Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2009 The McQueensbury Rules Milan Lee Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 2010 An Alexander Film Directed by David Sims Presented Digitally Lee Alexander McQueen Autumn/Winter 2010 An Bailitheor Cnámh Milan Lee Alexander McQueen (finished by Sarah Burton) Spring/Summer 2011 Pomp and Circumstance Milan Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2011 Untitled Milan Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2012 Untitled Milan Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2012 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2013 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2013 Untitled London Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2014 Untitled London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2014 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2015 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2015 Untitled London Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2016 The Sea London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2016 Untitled London Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2017 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2017 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2018 Untitled London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2018 Untitled London Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2019 Untitled London Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2019 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2020 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2020 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2021 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2021 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2022 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2022 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2023 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton Autumn/Winter 2023 Untitled Presented Digitally (12 looks from this collection were presented during the following womenswear show in Paris) Sarah Burton Spring/Summer 2024 Untitled Presented Digitally Sarah Burton References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kering names Gianfilippo Testa as CEO of Alexander McQueen" (https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kering-names-gianfilippo-testa-ceo-alexander-mcqueen-2022-03-21/) . Reuters . 21 March 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220321225819/https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kering-names-gianfilippo-testa-ceo-alexander-mcqueen-2022-03-21/) from the original on 21 March 2022 . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ a b c "Alexander McQueen Men's RTW Fall 2014" (http://www.wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2014/review/alexander-mcqueen?src=n/newsAlert/20140107-3) . Women's Wear Daily . 7 January 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160220140606/http://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2014/london/alexander-mcqueen/review/) from the original on 20 February 2016 . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashion Week: nomination surprise de Seán McGirr chez Alexander McQueen" (https://www.lefigaro.fr/industrie-mode/fashion-week-nomination-surprise-de-sean-mcgirr-chez-alexander-mcqueen-20231003) . LEFIGARO (in French). 3 October 2023. 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Retrieved 12 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-136) "Alexander McQueen" (http://www.alexandermcqueen.com/) . www.alexandermcqueen.com - Online Store . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130526172141/http://www.alexandermcqueen.com/) from the original on 26 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2016 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander McQueen (brand) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . Alexander McQueen Official Website (http://www.alexandermcqueen.com) Alexander McQueen (fashion house) (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/alexander-mcqueen) – brand and company profile at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There 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(Redirected from Pink Friday (fragrance) (/w/index.php?title=Pink_Friday_(fragrance)&redirect=no) ) Trinidadian-born rapper and singer (born 1982) Nicki Minaj Minaj in 2018 Born Onika Tanya Maraj ( 1982-12-08 ) December 8, 1982 (age 41) Port of Spain (/wiki/Port_of_Spain) , Trinidad and Tobago Occupations Rapper singer songwriter actress Years active 2004–present Works Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) songs recorded (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Spouse Kenneth Petty ( m. 2019) Partners Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) (2000–2014) Meek Mill (/wiki/Meek_Mill) (2014–2016) [1] (#cite_note-1) Children 1 Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Musical career Origin New York City, US Genres Hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) [2] (#cite_note-Independent-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) [4] (#cite_note-4) pop rap (/wiki/Pop_rap) [5] (#cite_note-5) Instruments Vocals Labels Young Money (/wiki/Young_Money_Entertainment) Cash Money (/wiki/Cash_Money_Records) Republic (/wiki/Republic_Records) Heavy On It Website nickiminajofficial (http://nickiminajofficial.com) .com (http://nickiminajofficial.com) Musical artist Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ n ɪ k i m ɪ ˈ n ɑː ʒ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) NIK -ee min- AHZH ), is a Trinidadian-born [a] (#cite_note-7) rapper and singer based in the United States. Often referred to as the " Queen of Rap (/wiki/Queen_of_Rap) ", she is known for her musical versatility, animated rap flow (/wiki/Flow_(rapping)) , and alter egos (/wiki/Alter_ego) . She first gained recognition after releasing three mixtapes (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography#Mixtapes) between 2007 and 2009. Minaj's debut album, Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010), topped the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart. Its single " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) " reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart and was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA). Her follow-up album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012), explored dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) , debuted at number one in both the UK and US, and yielded the international top-ten single " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) ". Minaj's collaboration " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " (2014) with Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) and Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) became the first female collaboration to be certified diamond. Her third album, The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014), marked a return to her hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) roots. Its second single, " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) ", peaked at number two on the Hot 100. She achieved her first two US number-one singles in 2020 with the collaborations " Say So (/wiki/Say_So#Remix) " with Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) and " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) " with 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) . In 2022, she earned her first solo number-one on the Hot 100 with " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) ", the lead single from her fifth album, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023), which also debuted atop the Billboard 200. To promote the album, Minaj embarked on the Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) in 2024, which became the highest-grossing concert tour by a female rapper. Outside of music, her other ventures have included voice roles in the animated films Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012) and The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) (2019), and supporting roles in the films The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) (2014) and Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) (2016). On television, she served as a judge on the twelfth season (/wiki/American_Idol_season_12) of American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) (2013). Minaj is one of the world's best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) , with over 100 million records sold. [7] (#cite_note-8) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) ranked her as the top-selling female rapper of the 2010s and one of the greatest rappers of all time (/wiki/Billboard_and_Vibe%27s_50_Greatest_Rappers_of_All_Time) . [8] (#cite_note-9) [9] (#cite_note-billboardgreatest1-10) She has the most number-one albums (3) and top-ten songs (23) in the US for a female rapper. Her various accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) include nine American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) , eight MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards) (including the 2022 Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) ), twelve BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) , five Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Awards) , a Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Awards) , and three Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) ; she has received 12 Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) nominations. In 2016, Time included her on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Throughout her career, Minaj's outspoken views, feuds with several rappers, her personal life, and her fanbase have received significant controversy. [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) Early life Onika Tanya Maraj was born on December 8, 1982, [12] (#cite_note-13) [13] (#cite_note-IndiaToday-14) in the Saint James (/wiki/Saint_James,_Trinidad_and_Tobago) district of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. [14] (#cite_note-Biography-15) [15] (#cite_note-16) Her father was Robert Maraj (1956–2021), [16] (#cite_note-father's_death-17) a financial executive and part-time gospel singer of Dougla (/wiki/Dougla) (Afro-Trinidadian mother and Indo-Trinidadian father) descent. [13] (#cite_note-IndiaToday-14) Her mother, Carol, is also a gospel singer with Afro-Trinidadian ancestry. [17] (#cite_note-18) Carol worked in payroll and accounting departments during Minaj's youth. [18] (#cite_note-19) [19] (#cite_note-20) Minaj's father was addicted to alcohol and crack cocaine (/wiki/Crack_cocaine) [20] (#cite_note-21) and had a violent temper, burning down their house in December 1987. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) She has an older brother named Jelani, [22] (#cite_note-23) a younger brother named Micaiah, [23] (#cite_note-24) and a younger sister named Ming. [24] (#cite_note-25) As a child, Minaj and Jelani grew up with their grandmother in Saint James in a household with 11 cousins. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) Carol was working numerous jobs in Saint James before getting her green card (/wiki/Green_card) at the age of 24. She then moved to the Bronx (/wiki/The_Bronx) in New York to attend Monroe College (/wiki/Monroe_College) , leaving both Minaj and Jelani in Trinidad with their grandmother. Eventually, when Minaj was five, Carol got her first house, on 147th Street in South Jamaica, Queens (/wiki/South_Jamaica,_Queens) and brought both Minaj and Jelani to live with her and their father. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) Minaj claimed she came to the United States as an illegal immigrant, although by the time she moved to the United States her mother and subsequently her father had lawful permanent residency. [6] (#cite_note-Penrose-6) Minaj recalled, "I don't think I had a lot of discipline in my household. My mom motivated me, but it wasn't a strict household. I kind of wanted a strict household." [25] (#cite_note-26) Minaj successfully auditioned for admission to Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts (/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School) , which focuses on visual and performing arts. [14] (#cite_note-Biography-15) After graduation, Minaj wanted to become an actress, and she was cast in the Off-Broadway (/wiki/Off-Broadway) play In Case You Forget in 2001. [26] (#cite_note-27) At the age of 19, as she struggled with her acting career, she worked as a waitress at a Red Lobster (/wiki/Red_Lobster_(restaurant)) in the Bronx, but was fired for discourtesy to customers. [27] (#cite_note-28) She said she was fired from "at least 15 jobs" for similar reasons. [28] (#cite_note-billboard1-29) Other jobs included customer service representative (/wiki/Customer_service_representative) and office management (/wiki/Office_management) on Wall Street (/wiki/Wall_Street) . Minaj recalls buying a BMW (/wiki/BMW) as a 19-year-old with the money from waitressing. [29] (#cite_note-30) Career 2004–2009: Career beginnings and mixtapes Further information: Playtime Is Over (mixtape) (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) , Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) , and Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) Minaj briefly signed with Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) group Full Force (/wiki/Full_Force) , in which she rapped in a quartet called the Hoodstars (/wiki/The_Hoodstars) composed of Lou$tar (son of " Bowlegged Lou (/wiki/Full_Force) "), Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) (Scaff Beezy) and 7even Up. [30] (#cite_note-31) [31] (#cite_note-32) In 2004, the group recorded the entrance song for WWE Diva (/wiki/Women_in_WWE) Victoria (/wiki/Lisa_Marie_Varon) , "Don't Mess With", which was featured on the compilation album ThemeAddict: WWE The Music, Vol.6 (/wiki/ThemeAddict:_WWE_The_Music,_Vol._6) . Minaj later left Full Force and uploaded songs on her Myspace (/wiki/Myspace) profile, sending several of her songs to people in the music industry (/wiki/Music_industry) . Later, Fendi, CEO of Brooklyn label Dirty Money Entertainment, signed Minaj to his label in 2007 under a 180-day contract. [32] (#cite_note-33) Originally adopting the stage name Nicki Maraj, she eventually changed it to Nicki Minaj stating that "my real name is Maraj. Fendi flipped it when he met me because I had such a nasty flow!" [33] (#cite_note-34) Minaj released her first mixtape, Playtime Is Over (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) , on July 5, 2007, [34] (#cite_note-35) and her second, Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) , on April 12, 2008. [35] (#cite_note-36) She released her third mixtape, Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) , on April 18, 2009; [36] (#cite_note-37) it received favorable coverage on BET (/wiki/BET) and MTV (/wiki/MTV) . [37] (#cite_note-38) [38] (#cite_note-39) At the time, she was managed by Debra Antney. One of its tracks, " I Get Crazy (/wiki/I_Get_Crazy) ", reached number 20 on the U.S. Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) Hot Rap Songs (/wiki/Hot_Rap_Songs) chart and number 37 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) After Minaj was discovered by fellow rapper Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , [40] (#cite_note-41) she signed a recording contract with his Young Money Entertainment (/wiki/Young_Money_Entertainment) . [41] (#cite_note-42) That November, she appeared with Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) and Trina (/wiki/Trina) on the remix of " 5 Star Bitch (/wiki/5_Star_Bitch) " by Yo Gotti (/wiki/Yo_Gotti) . [42] (#cite_note-43) In early February 2010, Minaj made her first two appearances on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart with her features on " Knockout (/wiki/Knockout_(Lil_Wayne_song)) " and " Up Out My Face (/wiki/Up_Out_My_Face) " by Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) and Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) respectively. [43] (#cite_note-44) [44] (#cite_note-MCNMUPMFHot_100-45) Minaj also appeared on " BedRock (/wiki/BedRock) " and " Roger That (/wiki/Roger_That_(song)) " on the compilation album (/wiki/Compilation_album) , We Are Young Money (/wiki/We_Are_Young_Money) (2009). [45] (#cite_note-46) [46] (#cite_note-47) The singles peaked at numbers two and 56, respectively, in the U.S. Their parent album reached number nine on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , and was certified platinum (/wiki/RIAA_certification) by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA). [47] (#cite_note-YoungMoneyAwards-48) [48] (#cite_note-United_StatesYoung_MoneyWe_Are_Young_MoneyalbumCertRef-49) At Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) 's suggestion, Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) featured Minaj on his single " Shakin' It 4 Daddy (/wiki/Shakin%27_It_4_Daddy) ". [49] (#cite_note-50) Allison Stewart of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) stated that, during that time, she "became the go-to girl for artists who wanted to add some skank to their tracks without sullying themselves in the process". [50] (#cite_note-51) Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven singles simultaneously charting in the U.S. [51] (#cite_note-52) 2010–2011: Breakthrough with Pink Friday Further information: Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) Minaj performing in 2010 On March 29, 2010, Minaj released " Massive Attack (/wiki/Massive_Attack_(song)) " featuring Sean Garrett (/wiki/Sean_Garrett) . [52] (#cite_note-53) Intended as the lead single from her forthcoming debut album, Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) , the song was dropped from the album due to poor commercial performance. [53] (#cite_note-54) [54] (#cite_note-55) The next single, " Your Love (/wiki/Your_Love_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", later became the album's lead single. [55] (#cite_note-56) Released in June, it peaked at number 14 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Rap Songs chart. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) The rapper was then featured on Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) 's song " Woohoo (/wiki/Woohoo_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) ", which reached number 46 on the Canadian Hot 100 (/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100) and number 79 on Billboard Hot 100. [56] (#cite_note-57) [57] (#cite_note-58) [58] (#cite_note-59) In September, Minaj released " Check It Out (/wiki/Check_It_Out_(will.i.am_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " with will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) and " Right Thru Me (/wiki/Right_Thru_Me) " as follow-up singles. [59] (#cite_note-60) [60] (#cite_note-61) [61] (#cite_note-62) In October, Minaj was featured on Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) ", a posse cut (/wiki/Posse_cut) with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Rick Ross (/wiki/Rick_Ross) featuring vocals from Justin Vernon (/wiki/Justin_Vernon) of Bon Iver (/wiki/Bon_Iver) . Her verse received widespread acclaim with many critics regarding it as the best verse on that song. Complex rated Minaj's "Monster" verse as the number-one best rap verse in the past five years, [62] (#cite_note-63) while Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice (/wiki/The_Village_Voice) stated that "Monster" was "the track that announced Minaj's "brilliance" to most people." [63] (#cite_note-Fennessey-64) Shortly after, she performed "Monster" with West and Jay-Z at Yankee Stadium (/wiki/Yankee_Stadium) , becoming the first ever female rapper to perform there. In November 2010, Minaj received her first Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nomination for her guest verse on Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) ' song " My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) ". [64] (#cite_note-65) Pink Friday was released on November 19, 2010, debuting at number two and later reaching number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 375,000 copies. [65] (#cite_note-66) [66] (#cite_note-OpeningWeeks-67) It had the largest sales week for a female rap album in the 21st century and second-highest sales week overall after Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) 's The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill) (1998). Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from critics. [67] (#cite_note-mc-68) It was certified platinum (/wiki/RIAA_certification) in December, with it becoming the first album by a solo female rapper to go platinum in seven years. [68] (#cite_note-69) [69] (#cite_note-70) " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " featuring Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) was released as the fourth single from Pink Friday , [70] (#cite_note-71) on December 7, 2010. Minaj performed "Right Thru Me" and "Moment 4 Life" as the musical guest on the January 29, 2011, episode (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_season_36#ep693) of Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) . [71] (#cite_note-72) " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", the album's fifth single, was released in April 2011. [72] (#cite_note-73) It became a sleeper hit (/wiki/Sleeper_hit) and commercially successful, ultimately peaking at number three on the Hot 100. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) It was eventually certified 12-times platinum in the U.S. [73] (#cite_note-74) Super Bass was the highest-charting solo single by a female rapper since Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) 's " Work It (/wiki/Work_It_(Missy_Elliott_song)) " in 2002. The music video has over 1 billion views on YouTube as of April 2024. [74] (#cite_note-75) [75] (#cite_note-76) [ non-primary source needed ] Early in her career, Minaj identified as bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) and made several references to it in her music. However, she eventually stated in a 2010 Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) interview, "I think girls are sexy, but I'm not going to lie and say that I date girls." [76] (#cite_note-77) She once again addressed her sexuality in 2020 on Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) 's " Say So (/wiki/Say_So) " remix. The lyrics divided members of the LGBT (/wiki/LGBTQ%2B) community, with some accusing her of " bisexual erasure (/wiki/Bisexual_erasure) " while others voicing there is nothing wrong with originally identifying as bisexual, and then later identifying as straight. [77] (#cite_note-78) [78] (#cite_note-79) Minaj was one of the opening acts on Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) ' 2011 Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) . [79] (#cite_note-80) She and Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) appeared on the remix of Spears' " Till the World Ends (/wiki/Till_the_World_Ends) ", which peaked at number three in the U.S. [80] (#cite_note-81) On August 7, 2011, Minaj experienced a wardrobe malfunction (/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction) during a live performance on Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) when she revealed her left nipple. Both ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) and Minaj apologized for the incident, with Minaj denying it was a publicity stunt. [81] (#cite_note-82) [82] (#cite_note-83) Minaj continued to perform at high-profile events throughout 2011 with Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) inviting her to perform with Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) for the introduction of a Versace (/wiki/Versace) collection for H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . She also performed "Super Bass" at the 2011 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [83] (#cite_note-84) In December 2011, Minaj was nominated for three Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) and Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) for Pink Friday . [84] (#cite_note-85) Also that year, she won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Video) for " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", marking her first VMA (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) win. [85] (#cite_note-86) 2012–2013: Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and American Idol Further information: Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) and Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded – The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) Minaj performing in the Hammersmith Apollo (/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo) during 2012 " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " was released in February 2012 as the lead single from Minaj's forthcoming second album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) . [86] (#cite_note-87) The song reached number five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) and went on to become the fifth best-selling single of 2012. [87] (#cite_note-88) Her crossover into pop music was criticized by some, despite her commercial success. [88] (#cite_note-crossover-89) Follow-up singles " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) " featuring 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) and " Right by My Side (/wiki/Right_by_My_Side) " featuring Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) were released shortly after. [89] (#cite_note-90) [90] (#cite_note-91) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded was eventually released on April 2, 2012, two months later than initially planned. [91] (#cite_note-92) It was preceded by the promotional singles " Roman in Moscow (/wiki/Roman_in_Moscow) " and " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) ". [92] (#cite_note-93) [93] (#cite_note-94) The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 253,000 copies, and was certified two-times platinum by the RIAA in March 2016. [66] (#cite_note-OpeningWeeks-67) [94] (#cite_note-United_StatesNicki_MinajPink_Friday:_Roman_ReloadedalbumCertRef-95) However, the mix of hip-hop songs and mainstream pop material received mixed reviews. [95] (#cite_note-96) " Pound the Alarm (/wiki/Pound_the_Alarm) " and " Va Va Voom (/wiki/Va_Va_Voom) " were later released as the final singles from the album. [96] (#cite_note-97) [97] (#cite_note-98) Minaj along with fellow rapper M.I.A. (/wiki/M.I.A._(rapper)) joined Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) to perform the single, " Give Me All Your Luvin (/wiki/Give_Me_All_Your_Luvin%27) " during the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show) on February 6, 2012. [98] (#cite_note-99) Minaj was the first solo female rapper to perform at the Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Award) , performing " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " during the 2012 ceremony (/wiki/54th_Grammy_Awards) on February 12. [99] (#cite_note-100) Her exorcism (/wiki/Exorcism) -themed performance was controversial, with the American Catholic League (/wiki/Catholic_League_(US)) and its president criticizing her performance. [100] (#cite_note-101) [101] (#cite_note-popescene1-102) [102] (#cite_note-103) Minaj began her headlining Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) on May 16, 2012, which was followed by the Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) beginning October 14, 2012. [103] (#cite_note-104) [104] (#cite_note-105) Although she was scheduled to headline the June 3 Hot 97 (/wiki/WQHT) Summer Jam (/wiki/Summer_Jam_(festival)) at MetLife Stadium (/wiki/MetLife_Stadium) in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , at the request of Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) she canceled her appearance the day of the show after Peter Rosenberg (/wiki/Peter_Rosenberg) of the station dismissed her single "Starships" as "not real hip-hop". [105] (#cite_note-106) The following month, she voiced Steffie (/wiki/List_of_Ice_Age_characters#Steffie) in the animated film Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012). [106] (#cite_note-107) Minaj won awards for Best Female Video (/wiki/Best_Female_Video) (for "Starships") at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2012_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) and Best Hip-Hop (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop) at the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2012_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) . [107] (#cite_note-108) An expanded version of Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded , subtitled The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) , was released on November 19, 2012, with seven new songs. [108] (#cite_note-109) That month, she was the subject of a three-part E! (/wiki/E!) documentary titled Nicki Minaj: My Truth . [109] (#cite_note-voomvideo-110) In September, Minaj joined the judges' panel for the twelfth season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_12)) of American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) with Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) , Keith Urban (/wiki/Keith_Urban) , and Randy Jackson (/wiki/Randy_Jackson) . [110] (#cite_note-111) Throughout the show there were disagreements between Carey and Minaj, with both of them leaving the series at the end of the season. [111] (#cite_note-112) [112] (#cite_note-113) [113] (#cite_note-114) [114] (#cite_note-115) 2014–2017: The Pinkprint and acting ventures Further information: The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) Minaj's first live-action theatrical film The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) was filmed in spring 2013 and premiered on April 25, 2014. [115] (#cite_note-116) As she was working on her third studio album The Pinkprint , she described the album as "a continuation of The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) with a lot more" and said it would focus on her "hip hop roots". [116] (#cite_note-117) [117] (#cite_note-118) [118] (#cite_note-119) During an MTV (/wiki/MTV) interview, she additionally said that it would be "next level" and that she has "much to talk about". [119] (#cite_note-120) " Pills n Potions (/wiki/Pills_n_Potions) " was released as the lead single from The Pinkprint in May 2014. [120] (#cite_note-121) In July, she appeared on the song " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " with singers Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , which peaked at number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) and marked Minaj's first number-one on the UK singles chart (/wiki/UK_singles_chart) . [122] (#cite_note-123) "Bang Bang" was certified diamond by the RIAA in May 2024, for recognized sales of 10 million units; it became the first all-female collaboration to achieve the certification. [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) Its music video has nearly 2 billion views on YouTube, as of June 2024. [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) " was released in August as the second single from the album, peaking at number two, which became her highest-charting single in the U.S. at the time. [123] (#cite_note-anacondan2hot100-124) [124] (#cite_note-125) Its ascent from number 39 to number two in its third week marked the second-biggest jump within the chart's top 40 region, at the time. [123] (#cite_note-anacondan2hot100-124) The music video for "Anaconda" went viral (/wiki/Viral_video) upon release online; it set a 24-hour Vevo (/wiki/Vevo) record, accumulating 19.6 million views on its first day of release, breaking the record previously held by Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) for " Wrecking Ball (/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_(Miley_Cyrus_song)) ". [125] (#cite_note-126) It has over 1.1 billion views on YouTube, as of June 2024. On November 9, 2014, Minaj hosted the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) in Glasgow, Scotland. [126] (#cite_note-:1-127) She also won the Best Hip-Hop Award for a second time. [126] (#cite_note-:1-127) The Pinkprint was officially released on December 15, 2014, and debuted at number two in the U.S., with first week sales of 244,000 equivalent units (198,000 in pure album sales and 46,000 combined album-equivalent units and streams (/wiki/Streaming_media) ). [127] (#cite_note-128) [128] (#cite_note-129) Upon release, critics praised the production and personal lyrics. [129] (#cite_note-130) Minaj in a 2016 interview At the 58th Grammy Awards (/wiki/58th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Minaj received three more Grammy Award nominations, including a second Best Rap Album nomination for The Pinkprint , a Best Rap Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Song) nomination for "Anaconda" and a Best Pop Duo/Group Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Duo/Group_Performance) nomination for "Bang Bang". [130] (#cite_note-131) [131] (#cite_note-132) In March 2015, Minaj embarked on her third world tour entitled The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) and also became the first female artist to chart four songs simultaneously in the top 10 of Billboard ' s Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop airplay chart. [132] (#cite_note-133) At the 2015 BET Awards (/wiki/2015_BET_Awards) , Minaj won her sixth consecutive award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Artists) , becoming the female rapper with most wins in that category. [133] (#cite_note-134) In August 2015, Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_Las_Vegas) unveiled a wax figure (/wiki/Wax_sculpture) of Minaj, which depicted a pose from the "Anaconda" music video. [134] (#cite_note-135) [135] (#cite_note-136) The attraction received criticism from some, including Angharad Welsh of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) , who called it "a sexist, racist mistake". [136] (#cite_note-137) [137] (#cite_note-138) Despite this, Minaj voiced her approval of the wax figure on social media. [138] (#cite_note-:7-139) In May 2015, it was announced that Minaj would feature in the third installment of the Barbershop (/wiki/Barbershop_(film_series)) film series, alongside Ice Cube (/wiki/Ice_Cube) , Cedric the Entertainer (/wiki/Cedric_the_Entertainer) , Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) , and other original cast members. [139] (#cite_note-BB:Bshop2-140) Titled Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) , the film was released on April 15, 2016. For Minaj's performance as a "sassy" hairdresser named Draya, she was nominated for a Teen Choice Award (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) for Choice Movie Actress: Comedy (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Award_for_Choice_Movie_Actress_%E2%80%93_Comedy) . [139] (#cite_note-BB:Bshop2-140) [140] (#cite_note-TeenChoice-141) In September 2015, it was announced that Minaj would executive produce and appear in a scripted single-camera (/wiki/Single-camera_setup) comedy series for ABC Family (now Freeform (/wiki/Freeform_(TV_channel)) ) based on her life growing up in Queens (/wiki/Queens) , New York City. [141] (#cite_note-DeadlineNickiSeries2-142) The show was titled Nicki and the pilot episode was filmed in Minaj's hometown in January 2016. [141] (#cite_note-DeadlineNickiSeries2-142) In October 2016, Minaj stated the filming was postponed for undisclosed reasons. [142] (#cite_note-143) In January 2017, she announced that she had ended her relationship with Meek Mill. [143] (#cite_note-144) [144] (#cite_note-145) [145] (#cite_note-146) In February 2017, Minaj and Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) was featured on Jason Derulo (/wiki/Jason_Derulo) 's single " Swalla (/wiki/Swalla) " which reached the top ten in several countries, including a peak of number six in the UK. [146] (#cite_note-147) [147] (#cite_note-148) The following month, Minaj signed with the major modeling agency, Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) . [148] (#cite_note-149) On March 20, 2017, when her singles " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) ", " Changed It (/wiki/Changed_It) ", and " Regret in Your Tears (/wiki/Regret_in_Your_Tears) " were released simultaneously, Minaj broke the record for the most Billboard Hot 100 entries for a female artist, which at the time was previously held by Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) . [149] (#cite_note-150) In May 2017, Minaj opened the 2017 (/wiki/2017_Billboard_Music_Awards) Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/2017_Billboard_Music_Awards) with a medley performance that was described by Elias Leight of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) as "flamboyantly produced" and "dexterous". [150] (#cite_note-151) Throughout the remainder of 2017, Minaj performed guest verses on several singles, including Migos (/wiki/Migos) ' " MotorSport (/wiki/MotorSport) " and Yo Gotti (/wiki/Yo_Gotti) 's " Rake It Up (/wiki/Rake_It_Up) ", both of which peaked inside the top ten in the U.S. at numbers six and eight, respectively. [151] (#cite_note-hot100_history-152) She also featured on Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) 's " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) ", which was certified platinum in the U.S. and Canada. [152] (#cite_note-153) She briefly dated rapper Nas (/wiki/Nas) in 2017 before they broke up in January 2018. [153] (#cite_note-154) [154] (#cite_note-155) 2018–2019: Queen Further information: Queen (Nicki Minaj album) (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) After a social media hiatus, Minaj released two singles from her fourth studio album Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) . She released " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " and " Barbie Tingz (/wiki/Barbie_Tingz) " simultaneously on April 12, 2018, with both reaching number ten and number twenty-five in the U.S. respectively. [155] (#cite_note-:32-156) She performed "Chun-Li" on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) and the 2018 BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards_2018) . [156] (#cite_note-:2-157) [157] (#cite_note-158) While "Chun Li" appears on the tracklist of the album, "Barbie Tingz" is only included on the Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) version of the album. [158] (#cite_note-:04-159) On the red carpet of the 2018 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , she announced the title of the album and the original release date. [159] (#cite_note-160) The second single, " Bed (/wiki/Bed_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", featuring Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) was released on June 14, 2018, alongside the album pre-order, reaching number 42 on the Hot 100. [160] (#cite_note-161) [161] (#cite_note-Rich_Sex-162) [162] (#cite_note-163) [ non-primary source needed ] Additionally, Minaj appeared as a featured artist on the song " Fefe (/wiki/Fefe_(song)) " along with Murda Beatz (/wiki/Murda_Beatz) and Tekashi 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) . It debuted at number four in the U.S., marking Minaj's highest debut on the chart at the time, besting the sixth place start of "Bang Bang" in 2014. [163] (#cite_note-US_peak-164) [164] (#cite_note-bb-165) It later peaked at number three and was added to Queen in the middle of its first tracking week. [163] (#cite_note-US_peak-164) [165] (#cite_note-166) The day before the album's release, Minaj launched her own Beats 1 (/wiki/Apple_Music_1) radio show, Queen Radio . [166] (#cite_note-167) [167] (#cite_note-168) Minaj performing at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) Queen received multiple delays before finally being released on August 10, 2018. [168] (#cite_note-169) [169] (#cite_note-170) [170] (#cite_note-:4-171) It debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 with 185,000 album-equivalent units (/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit) , of which 78,000 came from pure album sales. [171] (#cite_note-172) It also debuted at number five in the UK and at number four in Australia, marking Minaj's highest debut in the latter country. [172] (#cite_note-173) [173] (#cite_note-174) Minaj later expressed frustration and criticized several people including Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) , whose album Astroworld (/wiki/Astroworld_(album)) claimed the top spot for a second week in a row, blocking Queen from the top spot. Minaj alleged that Travis Scott sold shirts, merchandise, and ticket passes for an unnannounced tour to boost his album sales. [174] (#cite_note-billboard.com-175) This controversy and Queen 's roll-out was documented by several news outlets and commentators. [175] (#cite_note-176) [176] (#cite_note-177) [177] (#cite_note-178) Queen received generally positive reviews, with some critics deriding the album's length and direction. [178] (#cite_note-179) The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA (/wiki/RIAA) in January 2019, for moving over 1 million equivalent units. [179] (#cite_note-180) Minaj performing with Little Mix (/wiki/Little_Mix) at the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) Minaj performed at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) where she also won her fourth MTV Video Music Award for the "Chun-Li" music video. [180] (#cite_note-181) The same month, she featured on the remix of " Idol (/wiki/Idol_(BTS_song)) " by South Korean boy band BTS (/wiki/BTS) . It debuted and peaked at number eleven in the U.S. which was the group's second highest-charting song at the time. [181] (#cite_note-182) She also featured on the song " Woman Like Me (/wiki/Woman_Like_Me) " by British girl group Little Mix (/wiki/Little_Mix) , which was released on October 12, 2018. [182] (#cite_note-183) A music video was shortly released after, with Minaj and Little Mix later performing the song together at the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) . [183] (#cite_note-184) She was also featured on "Dip" (/wiki/Dip_(song)) by American rapper Tyga (/wiki/Tyga) which reached number sixty-three in the U.S. making her the first female artist to have 100 entries on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [184] (#cite_note-185) She later attended the year-end Billboard Women in Music (/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music) event, receiving the Game Changer Award for the accomplishment. [185] (#cite_note-186) In September, Minaj co-headlined the annual Made in America Festival (/wiki/Made_in_America_Festival) and suffered another wardrobe malfunction when the front of her outfit fell open. [186] (#cite_note-187) In November, she was invited to the DWP music festival in China but did not perform due to problems with the company hosting the event. [187] (#cite_note-188) The next year in April 2019, Minaj made a surprise guest appearance at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) during Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) 's set where they performed their collaborations " Side to Side (/wiki/Side_to_Side) " and " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) ". However, she experienced technical difficulties with her earpiece. [188] (#cite_note-189) Later that month, Minaj parted ways with her longtime management team after a mutual agreement, with American entertainment executive Irving Azoff (/wiki/Irving_Azoff) serving as her new manager. [189] (#cite_note-190) [190] (#cite_note-191) In June 2019, Minaj released a standalone single titled " Megatron (/wiki/Megatron_(song)) " along with an accompanying music video. In the U.S., the song debuted at number twenty. A month later, she provided information on her upcoming fifth studio album, appearing on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon) , stating that "there's definitely a new album, of course." [191] (#cite_note-192) She featured on the song " Hot Girl Summer (/wiki/Hot_Girl_Summer) " alongside fellow female rapper Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) in August 2019, which reached number eleven in the U.S. [192] (#cite_note-193) Minaj had a voice role as Pinky in The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) , which was released in August 2019. [193] (#cite_note-194) In November, Minaj appeared on the Charlie's Angels: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack) on the song "Bad To You", along with Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) and Normani (/wiki/Normani) , marking her sixth collaboration with Grande. [194] (#cite_note-195) Minaj also collaborated with Colombian singer Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) on the song " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) ", which was released to streaming platforms on November 7. The song reached forty-two in the U.S. and reached the top of many other charts including the " Hot Latin Songs (/wiki/Hot_Latin_Songs) " chart, which made it the first song with two lead female artists to debut in such position. [195] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-196) "Tusa" later became the longest-running number one single in Argentina, spending five months on the top of the chart. [196] (#cite_note-ArgentinaHot100-197) 2020–2021: Beam Me Up Scotty re-release Further information: Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) In January 2020, Minaj was featured on " Nice to Meet Ya (/wiki/Nice_to_Meet_Ya_(Meghan_Trainor_song)) " by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor (/wiki/Meghan_Trainor) . [197] (#cite_note-198) [198] (#cite_note-199) In February, she released a standalone song called " Yikes (/wiki/Yikes_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " as a promotional single. [199] (#cite_note-200) [200] (#cite_note-201) By the end of that month, Minaj appeared as a guest judge on the twelfth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_12)) 's premiere of the reality television show RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) . [201] (#cite_note-202) [202] (#cite_note-203) In May, fellow rapper Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) announced a collaboration with Minaj on two remixes of her song " Say So (/wiki/Say_So) ". The remix later debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) , becoming both Minaj and Doja Cat's first single to reach number one in the U.S. It became the first all-female collaboration that had reached number one in the U.S. since " Fancy (/wiki/Fancy_(Iggy_Azalea_song)) " by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) featuring English singer Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) did it in 2014. [203] (#cite_note-bbhot100-peak12-204) It marked the first time that a song by two female rappers reached the top, for which Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) later gave them an award. [204] (#cite_note-205) [205] (#cite_note-206) A month later, she released a collaboration with 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) called " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ", which debuted at number one in the U.S. becoming her second number one single. [206] (#cite_note-207) This made her the first female rapper to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 since Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) did so in 1998 with " Doo Wop (That Thing) (/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)) ". [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) Minaj featured on singer Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) 's track " Expensive (/wiki/Expensive_(Ty_Dolla_Sign_song)) ". [208] (#cite_note-209) She continued to appear as a featured artist on several songs in late 2020 [209] (#cite_note-210) [210] (#cite_note-211) and released " What That Speed Bout!? (/wiki/What_That_Speed_Bout!%3F) " with producer Mike Will Made It (/wiki/Mike_Will_Made_It) and rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) on November 6. [211] (#cite_note-212) On the 10th anniversary of her debut album Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010), Minaj announced a six-part docuseries (/wiki/Docuseries) about her, produced by Bron Studios (/wiki/Bron_Studios) and was originally said to premiere on HBO Max (/wiki/HBO_Max) . [212] (#cite_note-213) [213] (#cite_note-214) In 2022, the streaming platform confirmed it dropped the still-unreleased project. [214] (#cite_note-:15-215) [215] (#cite_note-:16-216) In May 2021, Minaj released a reissue of her mixtape Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) (2009), including new songs previously unavailable on streaming services. The reissue debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , which gave it the highest debut for a female rap mixtape in the U.S. [216] (#cite_note-:10-217) [217] (#cite_note-218) A song from the reissue, titled " Seeing Green (/wiki/Seeing_Green) " featuring fellow Young Money rappers Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) reached number twelve in the U.S. In July, Minaj collaborated with fellow rapper Bia (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) on the remix of her song Whole Lotta Money (/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Money) . In September, Minaj collaborated with English singer-songwriter Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) 's fifth collaboration album The Lockdown Sessions (/wiki/The_Lockdown_Sessions_(Elton_John_album)) (2021). She appeared on the song "Always Love You" with John and rapper Young Thug (/wiki/Young_Thug) . [218] (#cite_note-219) Later that month, she split with her previous manager Irving Azoff (/wiki/Irving_Azoff) and is now being managed by Wassim Slaiby (/wiki/Wassim_Slaiby) , also known by his management company SALXCO, who is best known for managing The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) and Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) . [219] (#cite_note-220) English singer Jesy Nelson (/wiki/Jesy_Nelson) released her solo debut, called " Boyz (/wiki/Boyz_(Jesy_Nelson_song)) ", which Minaj features on. The song peaked at number four in the UK and number sixteen in Ireland. [220] (#cite_note-221) [221] (#cite_note-222) In October 2021, Minaj appeared as a surprise host for the season six (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Potomac_(season_6)) reunion of the reality television show The Real Housewives of Potomac (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Potomac) . [222] (#cite_note-223) In November 2021, her 2011 Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) single "Super Bass" received a Diamond certification by the RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) , making her the second solo female rapper to receive a diamond certification. [223] (#cite_note-:14-224) Minaj won the Best Hip Hop (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip_Hop) award in the MTV Europe Music Awards 2021 (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , becoming the sixth time she has won this award. [224] (#cite_note-225) 2022–present: Pink Friday 2 Further information: Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) After a social media hiatus, Minaj released a song collaboration with rapper Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) called " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) " in February. The track was accompanied with a music video that featured guest appearances from actors Joseph Sikora (/wiki/Joseph_Sikora) and Cory Hardrict (/wiki/Cory_Hardrict) . [225] (#cite_note-226) [226] (#cite_note-227) The video contained a snippet of another Lil Baby collaboration titled " Bussin (/wiki/Bussin_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Lil_Baby_song)) ", [227] (#cite_note-228) released a week later, on February 11. [228] (#cite_note-229) [229] (#cite_note-230) "Do We Have a Problem?" debuted and peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) . In a promotional Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) interview with DJ Zane Lowe (/wiki/Zane_Lowe) , Minaj said her forthcoming fifth studio album is "coming very soon". [230] (#cite_note-231) She described it as "fun, gutta, and back to the basics". [231] (#cite_note-232) In March, Minaj and fellow rapper Coi Leray (/wiki/Coi_Leray) 's collaboration " Blick Blick (/wiki/Blick_Blick) ", was released—from the former's debut studio album, Trendsetter (/wiki/Trendsetter_(Coi_Leray_album)) (2022). [232] (#cite_note-233) Minaj revealed that her verse was almost scrapped due to American rapper Benzino (/wiki/Benzino) (who is also Coi Leray's father) leaking the collaboration. [233] (#cite_note-234) Later that month, she surprise-released the standalone single " We Go Up (/wiki/We_Go_Up_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " featuring rapper Fivio Foreign (/wiki/Fivio_Foreign) . [234] (#cite_note-235) The drill (/wiki/Drill_music) track was initially teased on Minaj's social media as a scrapped song from her album, before fans had requested her to release the song. [235] (#cite_note-236) [236] (#cite_note-237) In April, Minaj appeared on English television host James Corden (/wiki/James_Corden) 's Carpool Karaoke (/wiki/Carpool_Karaoke) segment, kickstarting the return of its broadcast on The Late Late Show with James Corden (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden) after a two-year hiatus. [237] (#cite_note-238) In early July, Minaj headlined the 2022 editions of Essence Music Festival (/wiki/Essence_Music_Festival#2022) in New Orleans (/wiki/New_Orleans) and the Wireless Festival (/wiki/Wireless_Festival#2022) in London. [238] (#cite_note-essence_2022-239) [239] (#cite_note-240) On July 28 she released a two-minute trailer of her upcoming six-part docu-series (/wiki/Television_documentary) titled "Nicki", produced by Canadian production company Bron Studios (/wiki/Bron_Studios) . [214] (#cite_note-:15-215) [215] (#cite_note-:16-216) [240] (#cite_note-241) In August, Minaj released " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " as the lead single of her upcoming fifth studio album. The track samples American singer Rick James (/wiki/Rick_James) 's 1981 song, " Super Freak (/wiki/Super_Freak) ." [241] (#cite_note-242) [242] (#cite_note-243) After its initial release, "Super Freaky Girl" received an extended version called the "Roman Remix", which features the return of her alter ego Roman Zolanski. [243] (#cite_note-244) [244] (#cite_note-245) "Super Freaky Girl" debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, marking Minaj's third U.S. number-one and her first unaccompanied chart-topper. It became the first solo song by a female rapper to debut at number one in the U.S. in 22 years, since fellow rapper Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) 's song " Doo Wop (That Thing) (/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)) " in 1998. [245] (#cite_note-246) Later in August, Minaj released a compilation album (/wiki/Compilation_album) titled Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) with one new track, " Likkle Miss (Remix) (/wiki/Likkle_Miss) " with Skeng. [246] (#cite_note-247) In September, she released a remix of "Super Freaky Girl" called "Queen Mix", which features 5 other female rappers: JT (/wiki/City_Girls) , Bia (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) , Katie Got Bandz (/wiki/Katie_Got_Bandz) , Akbar V, and Maliibu Miitch (/wiki/Maliibu_Miitch) . [247] (#cite_note-248) Also in September, Yung Bleu (/wiki/Yung_Bleu) released his single "Love in the Way" featuring Minaj. [248] (#cite_note-249) In October, Minaj and Skeng released a remix of "Likkle Miss" called "The Fine Nine Remix" featuring Spice (/wiki/Spice_(musician)) , Destra Garcia (/wiki/Destra_Garcia) , Patrice Roberts (/wiki/Patrice_Roberts) , Lady Leshurr (/wiki/Lady_Leshurr) , Pamputtae, Dovey Magnum, Lisa Mercedez (/wiki/Lisa_Mercedez) , and London Hill. [249] (#cite_note-250) Later that month, rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) released a collaboration with Minaj titled "I Admit". [250] (#cite_note-251) In November 2022, Minaj collaborated with Lebanese singer Myriam Fares (/wiki/Myriam_Fares) and Colombian singer Maluma (/wiki/Maluma) on " Tukoh Taka (/wiki/Tukoh_Taka) " which was the official FIFA Fan Festival (/wiki/FIFA_Fan_Festival) anthem. [251] (#cite_note-252) On March 3, 2023, Minaj released " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " as the second single from her upcoming album. [252] (#cite_note-253) The song samples Lumidee (/wiki/Lumidee) 's 2003 single " Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) (/wiki/Never_Leave_You_(Uh_Oooh,_Uh_Oooh)) ". [253] (#cite_note-254) It debuted and peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and debuted atop the Digital Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts. [254] (#cite_note-255) On March 5, Minaj appeared as a surprise performer during Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) 's set at the 2023 Rolling Loud California (/wiki/Rolling_Loud#California) festival. [255] (#cite_note-256) In April 2023, Minaj featured on " WTF (/wiki/WTF_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_song)) ," the lead single from YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) 's third studio album, Don't Try This At Home (/wiki/Don%27t_Try_This_at_Home_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_album)) . [256] (#cite_note-257) She teamed up with Ice Spice (/wiki/Ice_Spice) on the remix to the latter's song " Princess Diana (/wiki/Princess_Diana_(song)) ", released on April 14, 2023—the first-ever release on Minaj's record label, Heavy On It. [257] (#cite_note-258) [258] (#cite_note-259) The remix became the first collaboration between two women to top the Hot Rap Songs chart and made Minaj the woman with the most number-ones on the chart (10). It peaked at number four on the Hot 100 and atop the Digital Song Sales chart. [259] (#cite_note-260) Minaj's next collaboration was German singer Kim Petras's " Alone (/wiki/Alone_(Kim_Petras_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", released on April 21. It samples " Better Off Alone (/wiki/Better_Off_Alone) " (1999) by Alice Deejay (/wiki/Alice_Deejay) . [260] (#cite_note-261) The single reached the top 40 in the United Kingdom. [261] (#cite_note-262) In May, she featured on " Pound Town 2 (/wiki/Pound_Town) ", the remix to St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis) rapper Sexyy Red (/wiki/Sexyy_Red) and Tay Keith (/wiki/Tay_Keith) 's single, "Pound Town". [262] (#cite_note-263) It reached the summit of the Digital Songs chart. [263] (#cite_note-264) On June 5, 2023, Minaj announced via Twitter that her fifth studio album would be released on October 20, 2023. [264] (#cite_note-265) On June 30, she announced the album's title, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) , via her social media, and that the release date was rescheduled to November 17. [265] (#cite_note-266) The album was ultimately pushed back to and released on December 8, 2023. [266] (#cite_note-267) [267] (#cite_note-268) Pink Friday 2 debuted atop the Billboard 200, with 228,000 album-equivalent units—Minaj's first album in over 11 years (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) to do so. It made her the female rapper with the most U.S. number-one albums (3) in chart history, surpassing Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) . [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) The record earned the largest sales week (overall and pure) of the decade for a rap album by a woman and for an R&B/hip-hop album by a woman of 2023. [269] (#cite_note-270) It garnered the highest first-week vinyl sales for a female rap album in U.S. history. [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) Additionally, Pink Friday 2 achieved the largest streaming week for a female rap album of the decade, and for a female R&B/hip-hop album of 2023. [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) Globally, it broke the record for the most single-day streams for a female hip-hop title on Spotify. [270] (#cite_note-271) 14 tracks from the album debuted on the Billboard Hot 100, of which two charted in the top 40—" Everybody (/wiki/Everybody_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " featuring Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) and " Needle (/wiki/Needle_(song)) " featuring Drake. [271] (#cite_note-272) Aided by "Everybody", " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) ", and "Barbie Dangerous", Minaj tied Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) for the third-most top-tens (50) on Hot Rap Songs. [272] (#cite_note-273) Multiple deluxe editions of Pink Friday 2 were released. [273] (#cite_note-274) [274] (#cite_note-275) [275] (#cite_note-276) It became Minaj's fifth album to be certified platinum. [276] (#cite_note-277) Also in June 2023, she and Ice Spice released their second collaboration, " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " with europop (/wiki/Europop) band Aqua (/wiki/Aqua_(band)) , from the Barbie film soundtrack (/wiki/Barbie_the_Album) . The song samples Aqua's 1997 single, " Barbie Girl (/wiki/Barbie_Girl) ". Peaking at number seven on the Hot 100 and atop Digital Song Sales, it extended her record as the female rapper with the most U.S. top-tens (23) and number-ones on the latter chart (16). [277] (#cite_note-278) Minaj made guest appearances on Young Thug (/wiki/Young_Thug) and Lil Uzi Vert's albums, Business Is Business (/wiki/Business_Is_Business_(Young_Thug_album)) and Pink Tape (/wiki/Pink_Tape_(Lil_Uzi_Vert_album)) , on the songs: "Money" with the late Juice Wrld (/wiki/Juice_Wrld) , [278] (#cite_note-279) and the U.S. top-20 " Endless Fashion (/wiki/Endless_Fashion) ". [279] (#cite_note-280) [280] (#cite_note-281) " Last Time I Saw You (/wiki/Last_Time_I_Saw_You) " was released on September 1, 2023, as the third single from Pink Friday 2 . It made Minaj the act with the most number-ones (25) on the R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Song Sales, surpassing Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) . [281] (#cite_note-:18-282) On September 12, she hosted the 2023 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2023_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , marking her second consecutive year in the role. [282] (#cite_note-283) In October, Minaj released " Bahm Bahm (/wiki/Bahm_Bahm) ", an outtake of Pink Friday 2 , as a limited-time website exclusive. [283] (#cite_note-284) Pirated (/wiki/Music_piracy) versions of the song were uploaded to streaming services and entered the Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) charts, before being taken down (/wiki/Copyright_violation) . [284] (#cite_note-285) The song ultimately made the final tracklist and was released as part of the album. [285] (#cite_note-286) Days later, she released "For All the Barbz", her freestyle of Drake's " All the Parties (/wiki/All_the_Parties) " (featuring Chief Keef (/wiki/Chief_Keef) ), exclusively via her YouTube channel. [286] (#cite_note-287) With the 2023 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2023_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , she became the first black artist and female rapper to win Best U.S. Act (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_US_Act) in the award show's history. [287] (#cite_note-288) An extended remix of the Pink Friday 2 track "Beep Beep", featuring 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) , was released as a promotional single from the album on December 12, 2023. [288] (#cite_note-289) Also in December, Minaj performed on the Atlanta and Miami dates of iHeartRadio (/wiki/IHeartRadio) 's Jingle Ball Tour (/wiki/Jingle_Ball_Tour) 2023. [289] (#cite_note-290) She was originally set to perform on the Chicago date but canceled her headlining slot due to the then-forthcoming release of Pink Friday 2 , which resulted in Lil Wayne replacing her on the lineup. [290] (#cite_note-291) She conducted a New Year's Eve concert at the E11Even (/wiki/E11Even_Miami) nightclub in Miami. [291] (#cite_note-292) In January 2024, "Everybody" and "FTCU" were released as subsequent singles from Pink Friday 2 . [292] (#cite_note-293) [293] (#cite_note-294) The tracks eventually reached the top 25 and top 15 on the Hot 100. [151] (#cite_note-hot100_history-152) "FTCU" topped the Digital Songs, R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Song Sales, and Hot Rap Digital Song Sales charts, becoming Minaj's 17th, 26th, and 22nd number-ones on the tallies. [294] (#cite_note-295) A remix of the song, titled the "Sleeze Mix", featuring Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) , Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) , and Sexyy Red (/wiki/Sexyy_Red) was released in April. [295] (#cite_note-296) On January 26, 2024, Minaj teased a diss track (/wiki/Diss_track) against fellow rapper Megan Thee Stallion called " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " on Instagram live in response to the latter's " Hiss (/wiki/Hiss_(song)) " single, which was followed by a series of tweets concerning the feud (#Feuds) by Minaj within the course of hours. [296] (#cite_note-297) [297] (#cite_note-298) [298] (#cite_note-complex.com-299) It was officially released on January 28. [299] (#cite_note-300) The track was accompanied by an a cappella version, so that, in Minaj's words: "other producers all around the world can make their own beat." [300] (#cite_note-301) "Big Foot" was poorly received by critics and fans, who criticized the production, the rap flow, and the shots at Megan for lacking quality. [301] (#cite_note-Mendez_II-302) [302] (#cite_note-Ahlgrim-303) [303] (#cite_note-Kyndall-304) The song broke first-day records for the highest solo female rap debut in Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) history and the biggest solo female rap debut on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) in 2024. [304] (#cite_note-305) [305] (#cite_note-306) However, after its strong first-day debut, it fell off quickly in streams and ultimately debuted at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. [306] (#cite_note-307) It extended Minaj's record as the female rapper with the most, and woman with the second-most, top-tens (46) on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart, behind Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) (52). [307] (#cite_note-308) Minaj was nominated for Best Rap Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Song) and Best Song Written for Visual Media (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media) for "Barbie World" at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . [308] (#cite_note-309) In support of Pink Friday 2 , she embarked on its namesake world tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) , her most extensive tour yet. It began on March 1, 2024, in Oakland (/wiki/Oakland,_California) , California, and will conclude on October 11, 2024, in Elmont (/wiki/Elmont,_New_York) , New York. [309] (#cite_note-310) [310] (#cite_note-311) It includes Minaj's headlining slots at ten festivals across the US, Europe, and Africa. [311] (#cite_note-312) The tour became the highest-grossing tour by a female rapper in history, with over $67 million in revenue, based on the first 34 shows. [312] (#cite_note-313) Artistry Musical style When I started rapping, people were trying to make me like the typical New York rapper (/wiki/New_York_rap) , but I'm not that. No disrespect to New York rappers, but I don't want people to hear me and know exactly where I'm from. — Minaj on her rapping style in a Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) interview [28] (#cite_note-billboard1-29) Minaj is known for her animated rapping style and "unique" flow (/wiki/Flow_(music)) . [313] (#cite_note-314) Her rapping is distinctive for its speed and the use of alter egos (/wiki/Alter_ego) and accents, primarily British cockney (/wiki/Cockney_speech) . [314] (#cite_note-:3-315) [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) She often both sings and raps in her songs, and has made use of metaphors (/wiki/Metaphor) , punch lines (/wiki/Punch_line) , and word play (/wiki/Word_play) . The alter egos are incorporated with her lyrics in British accents (Roman Zolanski) or soft-spokenness (Harajuku Barbie). Ice-T (/wiki/Ice-T) said about Minaj's rapping style, "[Minaj] does her thing. She has her own way of doing it. She has an ill vocal delivery. She kind of reminds me of a female Busta Rhymes (/wiki/Busta_Rhymes) , like how she throws her voice in different directions." [316] (#cite_note-317) Jon Caramanica (/wiki/Jon_Caramanica) of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) called Minaj "a sparkling rapper with a gift for comic accents and unexpected turns of phrase. She's a walking exaggeration, outsize in sound, personality and look. And she's a rapid evolver, discarding old modes as easily as adopting new ones." [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) Although many critics describe her technique as bubblegum (/wiki/Bubblegum_pop) rap (/wiki/Rapping) , Minaj said: "What people don't know is that before I was doing that craziness I was doing me, I was just doing regular sounding rap that anyone could hear and identify with. But once I started doing all that weird shit—I'm not mad at it because it got everyone's attention." [317] (#cite_note-318) Robby Seabrook III of XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) included Minaj in list of "most unique flows from rappers over the last five years", saying that she "has solidified her spot as a leader of the pack for her animated flows, inspiring many other women in hip-hop to play with their vocals. She goes from campy to bellicose, excited to eccentric, oftentimes all on one song." [318] (#cite_note-319) Noted as a rap artist, she also occasionally lends herself to electronic music genres (/wiki/Electronic_dance_music) (especially electropop (/wiki/Electropop) ). [319] (#cite_note-320) Pink Friday marked her exploration of the genres, spawning electro songs including the pop-laden " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ". [320] (#cite_note-321) [321] (#cite_note-322) Also combining rap with synthesizer music, Minaj's second album, Pink Friday Roman Reloaded , had a number of electro-hop and electro pop songs: "HOV Lane", " Whip It (/wiki/Whip_It_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Automatic (/wiki/Automatic_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Come on a Cone (/wiki/Come_on_a_Cone) ", "Young Forever", "Fire Burns", [322] (#cite_note-323) " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) ", [323] (#cite_note-holidayall-324) " The Boys (/wiki/The_Boys_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Cassie_song)) " and " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) "; [324] (#cite_note-rollingstone1-325) while " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " is a Eurodance (/wiki/Eurodance) song. [325] (#cite_note-326) Her verse on Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) " was critically acclaimed and contributed greatly to her popularity; many critics said she had the best verse in the song. [326] (#cite_note-327) [327] (#cite_note-328) West claimed at one point he considered deleting her verse from the track, because he was worried it would outshine his own work: It was like that moment when I thought about taking Nicki's verse off of 'Monster' because I knew people would say that was the best verse on the best Hip Hop album of all time or arguably top ten albums of all time. And I would do all that work, eight months of work on Dark Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) and people to this day would say to me 'My favorite thing was Nicki Minaj's verse'. So if I let my ego get the best of me instead of letting that girl get the shot to get that platform to be all she could be, I would take it off or marginalize her, try to stop her from having that shining moment… [328] (#cite_note-329) Tara Colley of The Conversation (/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)) described Minaj as a "pre-eminent female rapper" and that she has "consistently straddled the distinct personas of gangsta boss and sexy pop siren without truly committing to either" and that "her chameleonic ability" matches "some of rap's most verbose, witty, filthy and pop-friendly" stars such as Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) . [329] (#cite_note-The_Conversation-330) Zoe Johnson of XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) , stated that in recent years Minaj's "beat selection has moved to refined production full of grit and hip-hop flare in recent years". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) Alter egos "Roman Zolanski" redirects here. Not to be confused with Roman Polanski (/wiki/Roman_Polanski) . With her parents frequently fighting during her childhood, Minaj lived through characters she created as a means of escape. She recalled that "fantasy was my reality" and her first identity was Cookie, who became Harajuku Barbie and (later) Nicki Minaj. [331] (#cite_note-NewYorkAlterego-332) In November 2010, Minaj assumed the alter ego (/wiki/Alter_ego) Nicki Teresa, wearing a colorful headdress and calling herself "healer to her fans" during a visit to the Garden of Dreams Foundation at Fuse Studios in New York. [332] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-333) She introduced another alter ego, Rosa (pronounced with an exaggerated R ), to commemorate her December 2010 appearance on Lopez Tonight (/wiki/Lopez_Tonight) . [333] (#cite_note-334) One of Minaj's most well-known alter-egos is "a demon inside her" named Roman Zolanski (named after film director Roman Polanski (/wiki/Roman_Polanski) with modified surname), Minaj's "twin brother", whose character she assumes when she is angry. [334] (#cite_note-RomanLewinksy-335) Roman has been compared to Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) 's alter ego Slim Shady (/wiki/Slim_Shady) , and on " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " Minaj and Eminem collaborate as their alter egos. [335] (#cite_note-336) On her next album, she said that there would be a lot of Roman: "And if you're not familiar with Roman, then you will be familiar with him very soon. He's the boy that lives inside of me. He's a lunatic and he's gay and he'll be on there a lot." [336] (#cite_note-337) Roman has a mother, Martha Zolanski, [337] (#cite_note-338) who appeared on "Roman's Revenge" with a British accent [338] (#cite_note-339) and singing on " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " for the first time. [339] (#cite_note-340) [340] (#cite_note-341) Martha appeared in the " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " video as Minaj's apparent fairy godmother (/wiki/Fairy_godmother) . [334] (#cite_note-RomanLewinksy-335) In December 2023, in response to a fan inquiry on Martha ever returning, Minaj confirmed that Martha had died of old age. [341] (#cite_note-342) Influences According to Minaj, rappers Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (left), Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) (center) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (right) are her three biggest influences. Minaj cites Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) , and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) as major influences: "I can't even imagine my career, my creative spirit without Wayne [...] I feel like I'm still intertwined with him creatively". Minaj has called Lil Wayne her mentor and credited him with discovering her. [342] (#cite_note-343) [343] (#cite_note-344) On Foxy Brown and Jay-Z, Minaj said: "I really loved [Foxy] as a female rapper. I was really interested in her mind and her aura [and] I was really, really into Jay-Z. Me and my friends in high school, we were reciting all of the Jay lyrics. His words were our words in our conversations all the time." [344] (#cite_note-345) She said, further: "I never really told Foxy how much she has influenced me and how much she changed my life" adding that Foxy Brown was "the most influential female rapper" for her. [345] (#cite_note-346) Minaj said in a T Magazine interview in 2017: "Jay-Z, Lil Wayne, Foxy Brown... [...] Those are the three I keep in my head when I'm writing because they've influenced me so much, [...] I feel like I'm a part of all of them." [346] (#cite_note-347) In 2023, Minaj revealed that popular music singer Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) is one of her major influences, stating: "I don’t think people realize how much singing or singers like Whitney [influenced me]. Whitney’s first album, I know it front to back." [347] (#cite_note-348) Jada Pinkett Smith (/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith) is one of Minaj's role models in her acting career. [348] (#cite_note-349) Minaj was inspired by R&B (/wiki/R%26B) singer Monica (/wiki/Monica_(entertainer)) , singing " Why I Love You So Much (/wiki/Why_I_Love_You_So_Much) " at every talent show she entered. While performing in Atlanta as part of her Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) , she called Monica one of her all-time greatest musical influences. Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) is also one of Minaj's major influences, with Minaj quoting her lyrics in a high school yearbook. [349] (#cite_note-350) [ non-primary source needed ] [350] (#cite_note-351) [ non-primary source needed ] Minaj has also cited Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , [351] (#cite_note-352) [352] (#cite_note-353) Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , [353] (#cite_note-354) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , [354] (#cite_note-Minaj_two-355) Enya (/wiki/Enya) , [355] (#cite_note-356) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) , [356] (#cite_note-wayneem-357) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Trina (/wiki/Trina) , Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , [357] (#cite_note-358) Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , [358] (#cite_note-359) [359] (#cite_note-360) [360] (#cite_note-361) Lisa Left Eye Lopes (/wiki/Left_Eye) , [361] (#cite_note-362) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , [362] (#cite_note-363) Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , [363] (#cite_note-364) [364] (#cite_note-365) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , [365] (#cite_note-366) Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) as influences. [366] (#cite_note-367) She called Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) a fashion inspiration: "[Betsey] is a free spirit. When I met her the other day, I felt like I knew her for my whole life. She's so warm and considerate and caring. She's amazingly talented and I've been wearing her clothes forever, so to meet her was like, 'Yay!' [I was] bowing down to her; she's dope!" [367] (#cite_note-368) Minaj has also expressed appreciation for Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) 's style and how her videos inspired her as a teenager: "When I first went to get my hair colored, I was about 14 and I wanted blonde highlights. The beautician said, 'No, you have to get your mother on the phone,' and I was just crying and begging. I've always been experimenting. Cyndi Lauper's videos – that's what intrigued me." [368] (#cite_note-369) Public image Early in her career, Minaj often wore colorful costumes, cosmetics, and wigs. Billboard listed Minaj as the fourth-most-active musician on social media on its March 2011 Social 50 (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) chart. [369] (#cite_note-370) She is the most followed rapper (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) with over 229 million followers—the first to surpass 200 million followers—and one of the most followed musicians on the social media platform. [370] (#cite_note-371) [371] (#cite_note-372) On Twitter (/wiki/Use_of_Twitter_by_public_figures) , she is one of the most followed rappers, with over 28 million followers on the app, as of February 2024. [372] (#cite_note-373) [ non-primary source needed ] She was the most followed rapper on Twitter in 2012. [373] (#cite_note-374) BET (/wiki/BET) has named Minaj as a "gay icon". [374] (#cite_note-375) Minaj was a vocal proponent of streams (/wiki/Streaming_media) counting towards an artist's RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) certifications. The organization later announced in 2016 that it would be modernizing the certification process for albums, including on-demand audio and video streams. [375] (#cite_note-376) [376] (#cite_note-377) Minaj has been called as a "fashion icon" by Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) , Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) , XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) and has been called a "camp style icon" by Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . [377] (#cite_note-378) [378] (#cite_note-379) [379] (#cite_note-380) [380] (#cite_note-381) She has cited Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) , and Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) as her favorite designers. [381] (#cite_note-382) The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) described her style as "risk-taking" and "far-out", with "bold sartorial choices"; [382] (#cite_note-383) Minaj has been included on the annual Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) Hot 100 list (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)#Maxim_Hot_100) several times. [383] (#cite_note-384) [384] (#cite_note-385) In 2014, Minaj underwent a reinvention in her image sporting a "natural" and "softer" look, wearing fewer wigs and less colourful costumes. [385] (#cite_note-huffpostnm12-386) She stated that she "went so far to the other side that there's only one place to go from there. You can either continue doing costumes or you can just say, "Hey guess what? This will shock them even more. Doing nothing will shock them even more"". [385] (#cite_note-huffpostnm12-386) [386] (#cite_note-387) Her physique, notably her buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) , has attracted significant attention from the media. [387] (#cite_note-388) [388] (#cite_note-389) Early in her career, she made autographing breasts (/wiki/Breasts) part of her movement to empower women. [389] (#cite_note-390) In 2010, she said that although she originally felt obligated to mimic the provocative behavior of the "female rappers of [her] day", she intended to subdue her sexuality because she "[wants] people—especially young girls—to know that in life, nothing is going to be based on sex appeal. You've got to have something else to go with that." [390] (#cite_note-391) [391] (#cite_note-392) Minaj talked about feminism in an interview with Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in 2015, saying "There are things that I do that feminists don't like, and there are things that I do that they do like. I don't label myself. I just say the truth about what I feel. I feel like women can do anything that they put their minds to." [392] (#cite_note-393) In 2018, an interview with Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , in which she discussed sex workers (/wiki/Sex_worker) , her own sex appeal, and sexuality in music and on social media, attracted criticism. [393] (#cite_note-394) [394] (#cite_note-395) In The New York Times Magazine (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine) , music critic Vanessa Grigoriadis said that Minaj "has become expert at modelling the ways that women can wield power in the industry. But she has also drawn attention to the ways in which power can be embodied by a woman standing up for herself and speaking her own mind." [395] (#cite_note-NYT123-396) The cover art and music video for her 2014 single, " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", attracted significant media attention upon release. [396] (#cite_note-:6-397) The music video was viewed 19.6 million times in its first 24 hours of release. [397] (#cite_note-398) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) called the video "racy" but noted that she "doesn't shy from ruffling her audience's feathers", [398] (#cite_note-399) while others praised Minaj for "owning her sexuality", [399] (#cite_note-400) examining her work through a feminist (/wiki/Feminism) perspective. [396] (#cite_note-:6-397) [400] (#cite_note-401) [401] (#cite_note-402) [402] (#cite_note-403) Another writer for The Guardian said, of the "Anaconda" video, Minaj turns "the classic song into a conversation, and [refuses] to let the camera objectify her lap dance by keeping it zoomed out, at a distance." [403] (#cite_note-404) Minaj's fanbase, known as the "Barbz", have been reported as often being militant towards Minaj's critics, including incidents of reported doxxing, cyberbullying (/wiki/Cyberbullying) , and death threats (/wiki/Death_threat) . [404] (#cite_note-405) [405] (#cite_note-406) [406] (#cite_note-407) [407] (#cite_note-408) Philanthropy Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (left) and Minaj perform for service members during the 2010 VH1 Divas Salute the Troops concert. In 2010, Minaj performed a cover of " Girls Just Wanna Have Fun (/wiki/Girls_Just_Wanna_Have_Fun) ", alongside singer Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , for service members during the 2010 VH1 (/wiki/VH1) Divas Salute the Troops concert. [408] (#cite_note-409) [409] (#cite_note-410) The two would later collaborate in 2017 on " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) ". In 2011, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) created a Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll with Minaj's likeness to auction for Project Angel Food (/wiki/Project_Angel_Food) , a charity that provides food for people afflicted with HIV and AIDS. [410] (#cite_note-411) In 2012, in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York) , Minaj donated $15,000 to the Food Bank For New York City (/wiki/Food_Bank_For_New_York_City) and held a turkey drive at her alma mater, PS 45 (/wiki/Ozone_Park,_Queens#Schools) . [411] (#cite_note-412) In May 2017, Minaj offered via Twitter to pay college tuition fees and student loans for 30 of her fans. She appeared to grant their requests, ranging from $500 to school supplies to $6,000 for tuition, promising to respond to more requests in a month or two. [412] (#cite_note-413) She also announced that she would launch an official charity for student loans and tuition payments in the near future. [413] (#cite_note-414) In the same month, Minaj revealed on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that she has been donating money to a village in India for a few years via her pastor, Lydia Sloley. These donations helped the village get a computer center, a tailoring institute, a reading program, and two water wells. "This is the kind of thing that makes me feel the most proud", she said about the new additions to the village. [414] (#cite_note-415) In August 2017, after Hurricane Harvey (/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey) hit the city of Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas, Minaj answered a social media challenge by comedian and actor Kevin Hart (/wiki/Kevin_Hart) and donated $25,000 to the Red Cross (/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement) , saying she was "praying for everyone there". [415] (#cite_note-416) [416] (#cite_note-417) On September 4, 2018, Minaj appeared as a guest and performed several songs on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) . [417] (#cite_note-418) Throughout the episode, Minaj and Degeneres, with the participation of Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , gave out over $150,000 in donations to fans. [418] (#cite_note-419) [174] (#cite_note-billboard.com-175) In 2019, Minaj pulled out of headlining a concert in Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) following online backlash from activists, after women's rights activist Loujain al-Hathloul (/wiki/Loujain_al-Hathloul) was detained and arrested for speaking out against the Saudi regime. Minaj was praised by Thor Halvorssen (/wiki/Thor_Halvorssen_(human_rights_activist)) of The Human Rights Foundation (/wiki/The_Human_Rights_Foundation) , who criticized her initial plan to perform in a letter, and released a statement saying, "After careful reflection ... I believe it is important for me to make clear my support for the rights of women, the LGBTQ community and freedom of expression." [419] (#cite_note-420) [420] (#cite_note-421) In 2020, Minaj donated $25,000 to the St. Jude's Home for Girls school after visiting the school in her native country of Trinidad. In a speech, Minaj encouraged the girls to push through hard obstacles, even referencing her own experience with domestic violence: "I've experienced being in a home with domestic violence. I've experienced, you know, being at a very difficult crossroads in my life as a teenager. And sometimes as a teenager when things happen, you feel like there's no up from there." [421] (#cite_note-422) In the same year, following the release of Minaj and 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) 's collaboration, " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ", Minaj announced that a portion of the proceeds from the song, along with profits from all merchandise, will go towards the Bail Project amid the Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) protests sparked by the murder of George Floyd (/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd) . [422] (#cite_note-423) In April 2024, Minaj was one of over 200 artists who signed an open letter (/wiki/Open_letter) speaking to and asking for safety from (/wiki/AI_safety) the "predatory use of AI" in the music industry. [423] (#cite_note-424) Cultural impact and status Various media outlets, such as Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) , Time , NME (/wiki/NME) , Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) and Cosmopolitan , have referred to Minaj as the " Queen of Rap (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music#M) " and The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) , NPR (/wiki/NPR) , and The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times) have referred to her as the "Queen of Hip Hop". [424] (#cite_note-425) [425] (#cite_note-426) Several media outlets, including The New York Times , Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , and Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) , have also called her one of the most influential rappers. [426] (#cite_note-427) Minaj was ranked as the tenth greatest rapper of all time on Billboard and Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) 's list of the 50 greatest rappers (2023). [9] (#cite_note-billboardgreatest1-10) In 2024, Billboard named her the "hottest female rapper" and stated that she "remains at the apex of the rap mountain 15 years after the release of her breakout mixtape, Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) ". [427] (#cite_note-bbhottestfemalerappers2024-428) In 2012, Jon Caramanica of The New York Times called Minaj "the most influential female rapper of all time", and in 2015 Vanessa Grigoriadis from its magazine (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine) called her "the world's biggest female rap superstar". [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) [395] (#cite_note-NYT123-396) In Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , Jochan Embley called her one of the most influential rap artists of all time, saying that "Everything she does is bold, fearless and distinct – whether that be her eye-popping stage attire or her expertly delivered lyrics, which stare gender and race dead in the eye." [428] (#cite_note-:8-429) Zoe Johnson from XXL called her "one of the most versatile MCs" and that she has "made millions off upbeat pop hits and traditional hip-hop sounds that cater to both her femininity and her assertive side". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) For NPR Music , Sowmya Krishnamurthy (/wiki/Sowmya_Krishnamurthy) noted that Minaj has portrayed "the quirky, life-size Barbie, glamorous vixen (/wiki/Video_vixen) and girl-next-door", arguing that she "changed the landscape for artists in hip-hop for the past decade" with said alter egos. [429] (#cite_note-NPR20181003-430) In 2017, Patrik Sandberg of Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) argued that Minaj has "surpassed every other female hip hop artist to become the most successful in history" in 2017. [430] (#cite_note-:053-431) In 2020, Nick Soulsby of PopMatters (/wiki/PopMatters) called her the "best female rapper and the best rapper of the past ten years – no gender preposition required." [431] (#cite_note-432) Glamour included Minaj in their list of 104 women who defined 2010s pop culture. [432] (#cite_note-433) In XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) , Madeline Roth commented that Minaj "has helped birth a new generation of rappers that mimic her style". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) She has influenced several artists, including Tinashe (/wiki/Tinashe) , [433] (#cite_note-434) Cher Lloyd (/wiki/Cher_Lloyd) , [434] (#cite_note-435) Cupcakke (/wiki/Cupcakke) , [435] (#cite_note-436) Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , [436] (#cite_note-437) Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) , [437] (#cite_note-438) Ms Banks (/wiki/Ms_Banks) , [438] (#cite_note-439) Asian Doll (/wiki/Asian_Doll) , [439] (#cite_note-440) Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) , [440] (#cite_note-441) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) , [441] (#cite_note-442) Latto (/wiki/Mulatto_(rapper)) , [442] (#cite_note-443) Shenseea (/wiki/Shenseea) , [443] (#cite_note-444) BIA (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) , [444] (#cite_note-445) Lakeyah (/wiki/Lakeyah) , [445] (#cite_note-446) Luísa Sonza (/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Sonza) , [446] (#cite_note-447) Coi Leray (/wiki/Coi_Leray) , [447] (#cite_note-448) [ non-primary source needed ] Maliibu Miitch (/wiki/Maliibu_Miitch) , [448] (#cite_note-449) City Girls (/wiki/City_Girls) , [449] (#cite_note-450) Baby Tate (/wiki/Baby_Tate_(rapper)) , [450] (#cite_note-451) Ice Spice (/wiki/Ice_Spice) , [451] (#cite_note-452) Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) , [452] (#cite_note-453) Flo Milli (/wiki/Flo_Milli) , [453] (#cite_note-454) Ivorian Doll (/wiki/Ivorian_Doll) , [454] (#cite_note-455) Angel Haze (/wiki/Angel_Haze) , [455] (#cite_note-456) Rubi Rose (/wiki/Rubi_Rose) , and Saweetie (/wiki/Saweetie) . [456] (#cite_note-457) Billboard credited her for bringing female rap back to the mainstream in the U.S. [457] (#cite_note-458) With over 140 features, the magazine has called Minaj a "rap and pop icon" adding that "she's been one of popular music's most reliable guest performers, notching dozens of chart hits as a supporting presence on other artists' singles." [458] (#cite_note-459) Minaj has been credited by Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) for being able to "take a simple song and turn it into a smash hit just because she's featured on it." [459] (#cite_note-460) In 2012, Caramanica in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) said that: Minaj "became a nimble, evocative rapper. She became an intricate lyricist. She became a thoughtful singer. She became a risky performer. She invented new personae. More than any other rapper in the mainstream, she pushed hard against expectations ... with no one around to compare herself to, or for others to compare her to, she became her own watermark." [460] (#cite_note-Monster-461) In 2014, NPR ' s Erik Nielson said that Minaj's "success over the last decade has stood as an exception to the unwritten rule that women rappers no longer have a place among elite artists". [461] (#cite_note-462) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) writer, Demicia Inman, also credited Minaj for her influence which "stands as one of the most successful rappers of the millennium", also going on to say that Minaj "battled misogyny and industry bias against black women to carve her own identity and sound" thus impacting her career. Complex also commented that, "From her bold outfits to her multi-colored wigs, Minaj oozed confidence that inspired others who were watching closely... [she] doesn't need anything but her art to speak for itself". [462] (#cite_note-ComplexNM1-463) [463] (#cite_note-NylonMagMinaj-464) Michael Saponara of Billboard wrote that Minaj "reaffirmed living legend status" by "hitting the road for the Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) "—which became the highest-grossing tour by a female rapper—and proved herself as rap's "centrifugal female force". [427] (#cite_note-bbhottestfemalerappers2024-428) Achievements Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Nicki Minaj (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Minaj is the recipient of numerous accolades, including nine American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Award) , twelve BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) , eight BET Hip Hop Awards (/wiki/BET_Hip_Hop_Awards) , four Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award) , eight MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) , ten MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , four People's Choice Awards (/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards) , one Soul Train Music Award (/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Award) , and four Teen Choice Awards (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) . Minaj has received a total of 10 Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nominations. She received her first Grammy nomination in 2010 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group) (" My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) " with Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) ). In 2012 (/wiki/54th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Minaj received three nominations, including Best New Artist (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) and Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) ( Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) ). In 2014 (/wiki/58th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , she received her second nomination for Best Rap Album ( The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) ). She has won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Video) four times (" Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " and " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) ") and has won the Best Female Video Award (/wiki/Best_Female_Video) once (" Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) "). Minaj is the first woman to have appeared on the Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) "Hip Hop Cash Kings" list since its inception in 2007, having made four consecutive appearances between 2011 and 2014. [464] (#cite_note-465) [465] (#cite_note-466) [466] (#cite_note-467) [467] (#cite_note-468) In 2010, Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven songs on the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously, and the first woman to appear on MTV's Annual Hottest MC List (/wiki/MTV%27s_Hottest_MCs_in_the_Game) since its inception in 2007. [468] (#cite_note-469) [469] (#cite_note-470) In 2011, Minaj was ranked sixth on the Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) master ranking of the "Kings of Hip Hop" which is based on record sales and social media metrics. [470] (#cite_note-471) She is the only rapper to win the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Female_Hip-Hop_Artist) seven consecutive times. [471] (#cite_note-472) [472] (#cite_note-473) In 2013, Minaj became the most-charted female rapper on the Billboard Hot 100 at the time, with 44 entries, tying Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) as seventh among women of all genres. [473] (#cite_note-474) Minaj has twenty-one top 10 singles on the chart, the most for any female rapper, with six of those being solo songs. [474] (#cite_note-475) [475] (#cite_note-:0-476) In 2017, Minaj broke the record for most Hot 100 entries by any female artist, surpassing Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) , and in 2018, she became the first female artist to accumulate 100 entries on the Hot 100. She held the mentioned record for most Hot 100 entries by a female artist until it was broken in December 2020 by singer-songwriter Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) . [476] (#cite_note-ReferenceD-477) [477] (#cite_note-ReferenceE-478) [478] (#cite_note-479) [479] (#cite_note-480) She is the female artist with the second-most Hot 100 entries, behind Swift. [480] (#cite_note-481) [481] (#cite_note-482) In 2019, Billboard Women in Music (/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music) awarded her with the Game Changer Award. [482] (#cite_note-483) [483] (#cite_note-484) In 2019, her collaboration with Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) , named " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) ", received two nominations at the Latin Grammys (/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award) . [484] (#cite_note-485) The song became the longest-running number-one single on the Argentina Hot 100 (/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100) , having spent 25 weeks on the position. [485] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-486) [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) In 2020, Minaj become the second female rapper to chart at number one on the Hot 100 more than once with her 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) collaboration " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ". [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) She also became the second woman to debut atop the chart since Lauryn Hill in 1998. [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) In the same year, she also was the most streamed female rapper on Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) . [486] (#cite_note-487) In 2021, the music video for "Anaconda" became the first female rap solo song to reach one billion views on YouTube. [487] (#cite_note-488) [488] (#cite_note-:12-489) In total, Minaj has eight music videos with more than one billion views across all credits on YouTube, becoming the first female rapper to do so. She is only one of two female artists to have eight music videos reaching more than one billion views, tying with Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [489] (#cite_note-490) [490] (#cite_note-491) In 2016, she was listed on the Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) annual list of the most influential people in the world. She was also featured on one of the physical covers of the issue. [491] (#cite_note-492) [492] (#cite_note-493) Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) ranked her eighth on their list of best rappers of the 2010s, being the only female rapper on the list, [493] (#cite_note-494) and named her "Best Rapper Alive" of 2014. [494] (#cite_note-495) Other activities Fragrances Minaj promoting her first fragrance "Pink Friday" in 2012 Minaj has a line of fragrances first launched in September 2012. She partnered with 'Give Back Brands' to introduce her first fragrance (/wiki/Aroma_compound) "Pink Friday", [495] (#cite_note-496) which was nominated for three FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) for Fragrance of the Year, Best Packaging, and Media Campaign of the Year. [496] (#cite_note-497) Flanker editions "Pink Friday: Special Edition" and "Pink Friday: Deluxe Edition" were released in April and December 2013 respectively. [497] (#cite_note-498) [498] (#cite_note-499) Her fourth fragrance "Minajesty" was launched in September 2013, [499] (#cite_note-500) followed by "Minajesty: Exotic Edition", which was released exclusively to the Home Shopping Network (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) in June 2014. This was followed by the launch of her sixth fragrance "Onika" in September 2014. [500] (#cite_note-501) A year later in 2015, Minaj released "The Pinkprint", her seventh fragrance in support of her third studio album of the same name (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) . [501] (#cite_note-502) In 2016, Minaj launched her eighth fragrance "Trini Girl". [502] (#cite_note-503) In 2018, in support of her fourth studio album (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) , she released her ninth fragrance, "Queen". [503] (#cite_note-504) Minaj's tenth fragrance "Pink Friday 2" was released to JCPenney in December 2023, in support of her fifth album of the same name (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) . [504] (#cite_note-505) It was released early on the outlet's webstore and retail stores for a limited time, with no prior announcement, in late November. Minaj revealed she did not know about the initial release. [505] (#cite_note-506) [506] (#cite_note-507) The fragrance was also released on Amazon in December 2023. [507] (#cite_note-508) [508] (#cite_note-509) Products and endorsements Minaj has been affiliated with several manufacturing companies and has endorsed several products during her career. In November 2010, she collaborated with MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) and launched the lipstick "Pink 4 Friday", which was sold for four consecutive Fridays to promote her debut studio album Pink Friday . [509] (#cite_note-510) In 2011, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) crafted a Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll with the avatar of Minaj, inspired by the rapper's likeness for charity, which she described as a "major moment" in her career. [510] (#cite_note-Barbie-511) It was auctioned on the Charitybuzz (/wiki/Charitybuzz) website; proceeds benefited nonprofit Project Angel Food (/wiki/Project_Angel_Food) . [511] (#cite_note-:17-512) A spokesperson for Mattel stated that, "Barbie is obviously a pop culture icon [...] and Nicki is a big part of pop culture and also huge within the fashion industry, as well as a big Barbie fan." [511] (#cite_note-:17-512) Matthew Perpetua of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) stated that the "Minaj Barbie doll is notable in that the rapper has made Barbie dolls a crucial part of her aesthetic." [512] (#cite_note-513) Minaj helped introduce the Casio (/wiki/Casio) TRYX in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) , and created a six-piece nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) collection for OPI Products (/wiki/OPI_Products) with colors named after her songs. [513] (#cite_note-514) [514] (#cite_note-515) In February 2012, Minaj launched her own range of lip products for MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) ' Viva Glam. [515] (#cite_note-516) [516] (#cite_note-517) [517] (#cite_note-518) In April 2012, Minaj helped launch the Nokia Lumia 900 (/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_900) in Times Square. [518] (#cite_note-519) The following month, Minaj appeared in television and internet advertisements for Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) 's "LiveForNow" campaign, which featured a remix of her single " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) ". [519] (#cite_note-520) [520] (#cite_note-521) She endorsed the 2012 Viva Glam campaign with Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) —which raised $270 million for the Mac AIDS Fund (/wiki/Mac_AIDS_Fund) [521] (#cite_note-522) [522] (#cite_note-523) —and was the face of the lip product line that year along with him. [523] (#cite_note-524) With designer Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) , Minaj signed an endorsement deal with Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) for the brand's fall and winter 2012 campaign to appear in internet advertisements and commercials for Adidas Originals (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) . [524] (#cite_note-525) Set to her song, "Masquerade", her segment of the advertisement was filmed in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) and also featured Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) , Derrick Rose (/wiki/Derrick_Rose) , Sky Ferreira (/wiki/Sky_Ferreira) and 2NE1 (/wiki/2NE1) in other locations worldwide. [525] (#cite_note-526) She fronted the Viva Glam spring campaign by herself, which also introduced her limited-edition lip product collection, "Nicki 2", which was launched in early 2013. [526] (#cite_note-527) [527] (#cite_note-528) In February 2013, Minaj starred in Bluewater Comics (/wiki/Bluewater_Comics) ' Fame (/wiki/Bluewater_Productions) biographical-comic series, with her comic book, titled Fame: Nicki Minaj . [528] (#cite_note-529) [529] (#cite_note-530) She partnered with Beats Electronics (/wiki/Beats_Electronics) to introduce her "Pink Pill" speakers in April 2013, appearing with DeRay Davis (/wiki/DeRay_Davis) in a commercial for the speakers that same month. [530] (#cite_note-531) [531] (#cite_note-532) She introduced her lifestyle product line, "The Nicki Minaj Collection" for Kmart (/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)) , composed of clothing, accessories and houseware. [532] (#cite_note-533) [533] (#cite_note-534) [534] (#cite_note-535) In June 2013, Minaj and Mona Scott-Young (/wiki/Mona_Scott-Young) launched MYX Fusions, a line of fruit-infused, single serve moscato (/wiki/Muscat_(grape)) wine beverages. [535] (#cite_note-536) Minaj is a co-owner, creative director, and ambassador of the brand. [536] (#cite_note-537) Throughout 2014, Minaj released spring, summer, and fall-themed clothing collections for Kmart. [537] (#cite_note-538) Minaj was the face of Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli_(company)) 's spring-summer 2015 campaign. [538] (#cite_note-539) In March 2015, it was announced that Minaj was a co-owner of the music streaming (/wiki/Music_streaming) service Tidal (/wiki/Tidal_(service)) . The service specializes in lossless (/wiki/Data_compression#Lossless) audio and high definition music videos. In addition to Minaj and company owner Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , sixteen stakeholders including Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) own a 3% equity stake in the service. [539] (#cite_note-540) In November 2015, Minaj released a holiday capsule clothing collection for Kmart and its affiliated e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) platform, ShopYourWay; [540] (#cite_note-541) and a limited-edition couture collection which was available via Kmart and her website. [541] (#cite_note-542) In September 2017, she released two lipsticks called "Nicki's Nude" and "The Pinkprint" (named after her third studio album (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) ) in collaboration with MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) . [542] (#cite_note-543) In November 2017, Minaj starred in H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's holiday campaign along with Anna Ewers (/wiki/Anna_Ewers) , Mariacarla Boscono (/wiki/Mariacarla_Boscono) , Jesse Williams (/wiki/Jesse_Williams_(actor)) , Charlee Fraser (/wiki/Charlee_Fraser) , and Elibeidy Dani (/wiki/Elibeidy_Dani) . [543] (#cite_note-544) In March 2018, the rapper appeared in a commercial for the Mercedes-Benz A-Class (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_A-Class) car. [544] (#cite_note-545) In August 2018, Minaj starred in the trailer for EA Sports (/wiki/EA_Sports) ' Madden NFL 19 (/wiki/Madden_NFL_19) video game alongside Lil Dicky (/wiki/Lil_Dicky) , Quavo (/wiki/Quavo) and other celebrities. [545] (#cite_note-546) The following month, she appeared alongside Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) , Bella Thorne (/wiki/Bella_Thorne) , Tommy Dorfman (/wiki/Tommy_Dorfman) , Yoo Ah-in (/wiki/Yoo_Ah-in) , and Jonathan Bellini in the campaign for Italian clothing brand Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) 's "Haute Coture" collection; she also co-designed a t-shirt and denim jacket, titled "The Bad Guy". [546] (#cite_note-547) In November 2018, she co-starred with Quavo and Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) member Chris Redd (/wiki/Chris_Redd) in the holiday campaign for Madden NFL 19. [547] (#cite_note-548) [548] (#cite_note-549) In 2019, Minaj announced a collaboration with luxury fashion house Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) . Chief executive officer Serge Brunschwig stated the brand "shares great affinity with her. [Minaj] represents the fun aspect of the brand", and that the collaboration "made sense". [549] (#cite_note-550) A capsule collection titled "Fendi Prints On"—after by the lyric containing the same words on her 2018 single, " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) "—was released on October 14, 2019. [550] (#cite_note-551) In March 2022, Minaj fronted the campaign for the "Heaven" spring 2022 collection by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . [551] (#cite_note-552) [552] (#cite_note-553) In May, she was named the new creative director of American men's magazine Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) and became the global ambassador and advisor for MaximBet , a sports betting brand launched by the magazine. [553] (#cite_note-554) She also came on board as a stakeholder. [554] (#cite_note-555) [555] (#cite_note-556) [556] (#cite_note-557) In July, Minaj collaborated with Rap Snacks and released her own potato chip flavor, "Barbie-Que Honey Truffle". [557] (#cite_note-558) The following month, Mattel sued Rap Snacks, claiming the company violated the Barbie trademark and had made a "deliberate and calculated" choice to do so. The lawsuit was settled in September after the company changed the snack's name to "Bar-B-Quin". [558] (#cite_note-559) Minaj released a "variety pack" with Rap Snacks in October, [559] (#cite_note-560) and a "Nocho Nachos" nachos (/wiki/Nachos) flavor in March 2023, inspired by her 2023 single, "Red Ruby Da Sleeze". [560] (#cite_note-561) Also in October, the rapper appeared alongside Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) , Kane Brown (/wiki/Kane_Brown) , Pete Davidson (/wiki/Pete_Davidson) , and Bukayo Saka (/wiki/Bukayo_Saka) in a trailer for the first-person shooter (/wiki/First-person_shooter) video game, Call of Duty: (/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_II_(2022_video_game)) Modern Warfare II . [561] (#cite_note-562) In March 2024, Minaj launched her press-on nails (/wiki/Artificial_nails) line, Pink Friday Nails. [562] (#cite_note-563) A vegan and cruelty-free brand, it was launched DTC (/wiki/Direct-to-consumer) via its webstore, [563] (#cite_note-564) and later made available via Shopify as well. [564] (#cite_note-565) Pop-up (/wiki/Pop-up_retail) stations dedicated to the range were held exclusively to VIP ticket holders on the Pink Friday 2 World Tour. [565] (#cite_note-566) In April, she and British apparel brand Loci released a sneaker collection. [566] (#cite_note-567) Minaj clarified that the association was not "a sponsorship. [She is] an owner and partner". [567] (#cite_note-568) Loci announced that month that Minaj joined the brand as a co-owner and investor. [568] (#cite_note-569) Heavy On It Records On March 3, 2023, Minaj announced the launch of her record label imprint on an episode of her radio show, "Queen Radio". Minaj did not reveal the name of the label but did say her long-time friend Patty "Patty Duke" Lauren has signed on as the label's A&R. Minaj also unveiled her starting roster: Nana Fofie, Tate Kobang, Rico Danna, and London Hill. [569] (#cite_note-570) [570] (#cite_note-571) [571] (#cite_note-572) On March 13, 2023, Minaj revealed the name of her imprint as "Heavy On It Records". The label currently has a venture with Republic Records (/wiki/Republic_Records) . [572] (#cite_note-573) Gaming A playable character model of Minaj in her "Red Ruby" persona was released as downloadable content (/wiki/Downloadable_content) to the first-person shooter (/wiki/First-person_shooter) video game, Call of Duty: (/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_II_(2022_video_game)) Modern Warfare II in July 2023 alongside those of rappers Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) and 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of hip-hop music's origin; her character marked the first woman "operator" of the game. [573] (#cite_note-574) On December 8, 2023, she and Roblox introduced the virtual world Gag City on the game platform to promote her fifth album, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023). [574] (#cite_note-575) [575] (#cite_note-576) Days before the launch, Minaj's fanbase, the Barbz, heavily circulated AI (/wiki/AI) -generated content of the fan-made cityscape (/wiki/Cityscape) Gag City, a pink futuristic metropolis inspired by the cover artwork of the album, which the rapper herself coined on her social media. [576] (#cite_note-577) [577] (#cite_note-578) Personal life In her songs " All Things Go (/wiki/All_Things_Go) " and " Autobiography (/wiki/Sucka_Free) ", Minaj revealed that she had an abortion as a teenager. She has said that although it has "haunted" her, she stands by her decision. [578] (#cite_note-nicminab-579) In July 2011, her cousin Nicholas Telemaque was murdered near his home in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , an incident she references in her songs "All Things Go" and " Champion (/wiki/Champion_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ". [579] (#cite_note-580) Minaj's father, Robert Maraj, died in February 2021, while walking along a road on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) , in a hit-and-run (/wiki/Hit_and_run) accident. [16] (#cite_note-father's_death-17) Charles Polevich, a 70-year-old man, was charged as the suspect of Maraj's death. Polevich was arraigned and charged with two felonies, which were leaving scene of incident involving death of a person and tampering with or suppressing physical evidence. [580] (#cite_note-bbc_news_nickis_father_dead-581) Three months later, she commented on her father's death in a letter, saying, "[...] it has been the most devastating loss of my life. I find myself wanting to call him all the time, more so now that he's gone. [...] May his soul rest in paradise. He was very loved & will be very missed." [581] (#cite_note-582) Relationships In late 2014, Minaj separated from her longtime boyfriend Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) , whom she had dated since 2003. [b] (#cite_note-583) According to Minaj, he had proposed to her, but she declined. [582] (#cite_note-584) Several tracks on The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) are believed to have been inspired by the end of their relationship. [583] (#cite_note-585) Minaj began dating rapper Meek Mill (/wiki/Meek_Mill) in early 2015. [584] (#cite_note-586) In January 2017, she announced that she had ended their relationship. [585] (#cite_note-587) [586] (#cite_note-588) [587] (#cite_note-589) She briefly dated fellow rapper Nas (/wiki/Nas) in 2017. [588] (#cite_note-590) Minaj began dating her childhood friend Kenneth "Zoo" Petty (born 7 April 1978) in December 2018, [589] (#cite_note-591) and after less than a year of dating, filed for a marriage license in August 2019. [590] (#cite_note-592) [591] (#cite_note-593) She announced that they had officially married in October, hyphenating his last name to hers upon marriage. [592] (#cite_note-594) Petty was convicted of first-degree attempted rape in 1995. [593] (#cite_note-:5-595) He served four years in prison and was required to register as a sex offender (/wiki/Sex_offender) upon release. In 2006, Petty was convicted of first-degree manslaughter (/wiki/Manslaughter) , for which he served an additional six years and eleven months in prison. [594] (#cite_note-596) In July 2020, Minaj announced via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that she was expecting her first child. [595] (#cite_note-597) She gave birth to a son on September 30, whom she refers to publicly as "Papa Bear". His real name is still unknown. [596] (#cite_note-598) [597] (#cite_note-599) [598] (#cite_note-600) [599] (#cite_note-601) Legal issues After facing charges for failing to register as a sex offender (/wiki/Sex_offender_registry) in California, Minaj's husband Kenneth Petty was entered into the California Megan's Law (/wiki/Megan%27s_Law) database (/wiki/Sex_offender_registries_in_the_United_States) in 2020, having been convicted of attempted rape (/wiki/Rape_laws_in_the_United_States#New_York) in 1995 in New York. [593] (#cite_note-:5-595) He previously served nearly four years in prison for the mentioned crime. [600] (#cite_note-602) [601] (#cite_note-603) In August 2021, her husband's victim, named Jennifer Hough, filed a lawsuit against the couple for alleged harassment and intimidation, and alleged infliction of emotional distress, and did an interview about the mentioned lawsuit on the talk show The Real (/wiki/The_Real_(talk_show)) . [602] (#cite_note-604) [603] (#cite_note-605) [604] (#cite_note-606) Minaj has not addressed the accusations publicly, but has spoken about it in a private case filing. Minaj claimed she "never asked [Hough] to change her story" and "never offered her any money in return for a statement". [605] (#cite_note-607) Hough later voluntarily dismissed the case against Minaj whilst the case against Petty is still pending. [606] (#cite_note-608) [607] (#cite_note-609) Speaking to a federal judge, Hough's lawyers expressed that they were going to refile the lawsuit in California due to jurisdictional issues while Minaj's lawyer said that the refiling was a "frivolous gambit to avoid a sanctions motion" and that "their claims received an aggressive response". [608] (#cite_note-610) On May 25, 2024, Minaj was arrested at Schiphol Airport (/wiki/Schiphol_Airport) in Amsterdam, Netherlands (/wiki/Amsterdam,_Netherlands) after marijuana (/wiki/Marijuana) was found in her luggage. [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) The arrest occurred as she was attempting to board a plane for a concert (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) in Manchester, England (/wiki/Manchester,_England) . [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) Though she would be released the same day, Minaj would postpone the Manchester show. [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) Feuds This section may be too long (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size) to read and navigate comfortably . Consider splitting (/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) content into sub-articles, condensing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) it, or adding subheadings (/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections) . Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page (/wiki/Talk:Nicki_Minaj) . ( July 2024 ) Minaj has been embroiled in several feuds with other artists, including female rappers Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) , Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) , Latto (/wiki/Latto) , and Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) . After Lil' Kim and media critics noticed resemblances between Minaj and her on the Sucka Free mixtape, [611] (#cite_note-NYDailyNews-613) Lil' Kim accused Minaj of copying her image saying, "If you are going to steal my swag, you gonna have to pay. Something gotta give. You help me, I help you. That's how it goes to me." [611] (#cite_note-NYDailyNews-613) Minaj's single " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " with Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) was believed by critics to be a response to Lil' Kim's comments, [612] (#cite_note-614) although at the time she denied this. [613] (#cite_note-615) However, in a 2018 interview with Genius (/wiki/Genius_(website)) , Minaj seemingly confirmed that the track "Roman's Revenge" was about the feud, saying, "Someone got at me. A veteran got at me, and I hit them with 'Roman's Revenge' and then I kept on going." [614] (#cite_note-616) Lil' Kim reignited the feud following the release of her mixtape Black Friday, an album that directly referenced Nicki Minaj, including artwork that showed Lil' Kim decapitating Minaj with a sword. [615] (#cite_note-617) A fragment of Minaj's diss track "Tragedy" was released online in April 2011, featuring lyrics "Pink Friday, Eminem, 8 Mile/ It must hurt to sell your album on PayPal." [616] (#cite_note-618) Following the release of Minaj's second album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) , critics suggested that the track " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) " may have contained attacks at Lil' Kim. [617] (#cite_note-619) In 2007, Nicki Minaj released her debut mixtape (/wiki/Mixtape) , Playtime is Over , featuring the song "Dirty Money", on which she raps, "Tell that bitch with the crown to run it like Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) ," over the beat of rapper Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) 's song "Yeah Yeah Yeah". Ma, who frequently referred to herself in lyrics as the "queen of rap", believed the verse to be directed towards her and confronted Minaj during a release party about the lyric. [618] (#cite_note-bbtl-620) Ma later rapped several verses which fans perceived to be against Minaj, including in a cypher (/wiki/Freestyle_rap#Types_of_freestyles) during the 2016 BET Hip Hop Awards (/wiki/2016_BET_Hip_Hop_Awards) , on her song " Money Showers (/wiki/Money_Showers) " with Fat Joe, on a remix of the Phresher (/wiki/Phresher) song "Wait a Minute", [619] (#cite_note-621) and in a freestyle on Funkmaster Flex (/wiki/Funkmaster_Flex) 's show on the radio station Hot 97 (/wiki/WQHT) . [620] (#cite_note-622) In 2017, Minaj featured on the songs " Swalla (/wiki/Swalla) " with Jason Derulo (/wiki/Jason_Derulo) and " Make Love (/wiki/Make_Love_(Gucci_Mane_song)) " with Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) , in which she took apparent shots at Ma, including criticizing her disses and mocking her low album sales. [621] (#cite_note-623) [622] (#cite_note-624) One day after the release of "Make Love", Ma recorded and released the song " Shether (/wiki/Shether) ", a diss track (/wiki/Diss_track) in which she attacked Minaj for allegedly using a ghostwriter (/wiki/Ghostwriter) , her alleged plastic surgery, her fashion, her record deal, and the child sexual assault charges against Minaj's brother, and more. [623] (#cite_note-625) Minaj responded on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) by posting a screenshot of an article showing the opening week sales of Ma's album Plata O Plomo as well as a video of Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) calling Minaj a "rap queen". [618] (#cite_note-bbtl-620) Ma later released a second diss track directed at Minaj, "Another One"; in response, Minaj released " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) " with Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , a diss track aimed at Remy Ma whose title and chorus references the lyric "I swear to God, this chick a real fraud" from "Another One". [624] (#cite_note-nbcnews.com-626) [625] (#cite_note-627) In "No Frauds", Minaj criticizes Ma for her time in jail and her record sales, while also accusing Ma of getting plastic surgery and not being able to get clearance from Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) to include the remix (/wiki/All_the_Way_Up_(Fat_Joe_and_Remy_Ma_song)#Remixes) of "All the Way Up" on Plata O Plomo . [626] (#cite_note-628) Following its release, Minaj posted to Instagram, writing that she was issuing a challenge to Ma, giving her "72 hours to drop a hit" and promising her half a million dollars if she was able to "book any show or interview" without mentioning Minaj, while also defending herself against criticism of the delayed timing of her response to Ma. [624] (#cite_note-nbcnews.com-626) "No Frauds" was negatively received by critics, who felt that it was not as impressive as Ma's "Shether" and that the appearance of Drake and Lil Wayne on the diss track was a mistake. [627] (#cite_note-629) [628] (#cite_note-630) At a New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) after-party in September 2018, fellow rapper Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) threw one of her high heel shoes at Minaj and attempted to physically attack her; bodyguards intervened before she could reach Minaj, leaving Cardi B with a large bump on her forehead. [629] (#cite_note-631) [630] (#cite_note-632) [631] (#cite_note-633) Following the altercation, she alleged on Instagram that Minaj had previously " liked (/wiki/Like_button) " social media comments that spoke negatively of Cardi B's ability to take care of her newborn daughter. [632] (#cite_note-634) Minaj denied the allegations on her Queen Radio show, claiming she "would never talk about anyone’s child or parenting", and expressed embarrassment at the fight. [633] (#cite_note-635) She accused Cardi B of building "her career off of sympathy and payola" and of bribing DJs and radio outlets with sex to play her records. Minaj also criticized Cardi B's rapping ability, saying, "Do you know what it’s like to sit in your room for hours writing raps? You came into my fucking culture. I never had to fuck a DJ to play my songs." [634] (#cite_note-636) Minaj also called Cardi B a "disgusting pig" for allegedly cyberbullying (/wiki/Cyberbullying) a guest caller on Minaj's show and for unearthed posts calling dark-skinned black women “cockroaches.” [635] (#cite_note-637) In 2022, a feud ignited between Minaj and fellow rapper Latto (/wiki/Latto) after Minaj went on Instagram Live to express her frustration with her song " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " reportedly being placed in the pop (/wiki/Pop_music) categories instead of the rap (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) categories for voting consideration at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/65th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . By way of comparison, Minaj mentioned Latto's 2021 song " Big Energy (/wiki/Big_Energy) " as an example of a song that should also not be considered for the rap categories. [636] (#cite_note-638) She further alleged that there is a "concerted effort to give newer artists things that they really don’t deserve" and that soon the female rap genre will no longer "have any black women", which was taken to be a dig against Latto, whose mother is white and father is black. [637] (#cite_note-639) Latto then tweeted, "Damn I can’t win for losing… all these awards/noms I can’t even celebrate," which was perceived as a response to Minaj's commentary. Minaj responded with a tweet calling Latto a " Karen (/wiki/Karen_(slang)) ", a term typically reserved for white women, and criticizing her for previously claiming to be a fan yet not standing up for her. [638] (#cite_note-rouhani-640) Latto then tweeted that she agreed with Minaj's case but felt the way she brought up Latto's song "seems malicious", alleging that Minaj had been making subliminal tweets about her and had said on the phone that Latto is not "flourishing" and that no one cares about her "little song." This sparked a heated back-and-forth exchange of tweets, in which Latto insulted Minaj's age and her family members by saying she is "married and related to rapists", while Minaj insulted Latto's appearance for looking like "the one pushing 40" and for "wiping that spray tan off & being a Karen", continuing to use the slang term usually for white women. [639] (#cite_note-andregee-641) The back-and-forth carried on through the night, with Latto airing out past subliminal digs by Minaj and Minaj posting a screenshot of a text Latto sent her, followed by Latto releasing an audio recording of a phone conversation the two had. In the end, Minaj deleted all of her tweets to Latto, only leaving behind a video clip of Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) laughing uncontrollably in a music video, while Latto continued to declare that Minaj is a "40 Year Old Bully." [639] (#cite_note-andregee-641) [638] (#cite_note-rouhani-640) Although having collaborated on the 2019 single " Hot Girl Summer (/wiki/Hot_Girl_Summer) ", Minaj's relationship with fellow rapper Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) grew cold after Megan allegedly tried to persuade Minaj to consume alcohol while she was trying to conceive a child. [640] (#cite_note-642) [641] (#cite_note-643) Minaj threw subliminal shots at Megan in her 2023 singles " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " and " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) ", both of which make references to the 2020 shooting of Megan (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion#Shooting) by Tory Lanez (/wiki/Tory_Lanez) according to critics and fans. [642] (#cite_note-644) [643] (#cite_note-645) [644] (#cite_note-646) [645] (#cite_note-647) In 2024, Megan Thee Stallion released the song " Hiss (/wiki/Hiss_(song)) ", in which she raps the line that people "don't be mad at Megan", but that they're "mad at Megan's Law (/wiki/Megan%27s_Law) ", naming the law regarding sex offenders (/wiki/Sex_offender) . [646] (#cite_note-648) Believing it to be directed at her and her husband, registered sex offender Kenneth Petty, Minaj took to Instagram Live (/wiki/Instagram_Live) to preview her own song, a diss track against Megan called "Big Foot", alluding to the shooting of Megan's foot. [647] (#cite_note-649) For the next several days, Minaj continued to attack Megan on social media, calling the rapper a "pathological and manipulative liar", accusing her of winning "fraudulent awards", and describing her as a "flop" compared to her own success. [648] (#cite_note-650) She addressed Megan on Instagram Live by saying, "You bringing up 30-year-old tea from when this man was a 15-year-old child. You bringing up 30-year-old tea cause no man will ever fucking love you, and lying on your dead mother", referencing Megan's mother, who died of brain cancer in March 2019. On the radio app Stationhead, Minaj continued to discuss Megan's mother, as well as Tory Lanez and former collaborator DaBaby (/wiki/DaBaby) : "You let everyone be thrown under the bus. You let DaBaby be thrown under the bus, Tory, your best friend, your mom... You better go conjure up your mother and apologize. That’s disgusting." [649] (#cite_note-651) Megan posted an Instagram story where she was doubled over with her left hand on her mouth, seemingly laughing at Minaj's response. [650] (#cite_note-652) Two days after the release of "Hiss", Minaj released the song " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", a diss track against Megan Thee Stallion. [651] (#cite_note-653) A few hours prior to the release of "Big Foot", Minaj disclosed that her team was waiting for producer Lil Juju to clear the beat "that [she] had for 6 years" and suggested that Megan tried to prevent the diss track from coming out. [298] (#cite_note-complex.com-299) In the song, Minaj taunts Megan over her dead mother, her appearance, and her ex-boyfriend Pardison Fontaine (/wiki/Pardison_Fontaine) ; various publications reported that the song was poorly received by critics and fans, who criticized the production, the rap flow, and the shots at Megan for being lacking in quality. [301] (#cite_note-Mendez_II-302) [302] (#cite_note-Ahlgrim-303) [303] (#cite_note-Kyndall-304) On the fifth day of Minaj's continued "intense fixation" with Megan following "Hiss", as Rolling Stone labeled it, she speculated on Twitter's Spaces that Megan's management company, Roc Nation (/wiki/Roc_Nation) , had launched a smear campaign against her and accused Megan of seeking sympathy as a victim of violence to further her career, saying "She wanted a Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) moment so bad", an allusion to Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) 's 2009 assault on Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna#Domestic_violence_case) . [652] (#cite_note-654) COVID-19 vaccine tweets In September 2021, Minaj announced she would not be attending the 2021 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) due to the COVID-19 vaccine (/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine) requirement. She stated that she has avoided public appearances and traveling after contracting the virus herself and having to quarantine from her son as a result. [653] (#cite_note-655) [654] (#cite_note-656) [655] (#cite_note-657) She shared several tweets (/wiki/Twitter#Tweets) about her unvaccinated status and claimed she wanted to do more research and be comfortable with her decision first. [656] (#cite_note-658) She alleged in a tweet that her cousin's friend in Trinidad (/wiki/Trinidad) suffered swollen testicles and became impotent as a result of the vaccine. [657] (#cite_note-659) These tweets received backlash where her story about her cousin's friend became the subject of jokes and memes. [658] (#cite_note-660) Trinidad and Tobago health minister Terrence Deyalsingh declared that her claims were false and that no such report existed. [659] (#cite_note-661) Shortly after, Minaj recommended other people get the vaccine and set up a Twitter poll (/wiki/Twitter) on COVID-19 vaccine brands. She tweeted that she was sure she would get vaccinated herself because of touring (/wiki/Concert) . [660] (#cite_note-662) [661] (#cite_note-663) The White House (/wiki/White_House) offered her a phone call with a doctor to answer questions about the safety of the vaccine. [662] (#cite_note-664) In an Instagram Live (/wiki/Instagram_Live) response two days later, she claimed that she was simply asking questions and she did not give any facts about the vaccine. [663] (#cite_note-665) Minaj alleged that reporters harassed her family for a story, with her sharing some text messages she alleged were harassment on social media. [664] (#cite_note-666) In May 2022, Olivia Truffaut-Wong of The Cut stated that Minaj had likely gotten vaccinated, as the 2022 Met Gala (which Minaj attended) required proof of vaccination (/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) and a negative COVID-19 PCR test (/wiki/COVID-19_testing) to attend. [665] (#cite_note-667) Discography Main articles: Nicki Minaj discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) and List of songs recorded by Nicki Minaj (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Studio albums Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012) The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014) Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) (2018) Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023) Filmography Main article: Nicki Minaj videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012) The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) (2014) Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) (2016) The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) (2019) Tours Main article: List of Nicki Minaj live performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Headlining Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) (2011–2012) Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) (2012) The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) (2015–2016) Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) (2024) Co-headlining The Nicki Wrld Tour (/wiki/The_Nicki_Wrld_Tour) (2019) Opening act Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) – America's Most Wanted Tour (/wiki/I_Am_Music_Tour) (2008) Lil Wayne – I Am Music II Tour (/wiki/I_Am_Music_II_Tour) (2011) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) – Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) (2011) See also Trinidad and Tobago portal (/wiki/Portal:Trinidad_and_Tobago) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) List of Trinidadians (/wiki/List_of_Trinidadians) East Coast hip hop (/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop) List of most-followed Instagram accounts (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) List of best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-7) Minaj claims she came to the United States as an illegal immigrant, although by the time she moved to the United States, her mother and subsequently her father had lawful permanent residency. (See early life (#Early_life) .) [6] (#cite_note-Penrose-6) ^ (#cite_ref-583) Minaj states in the "My Time Again" documentary, released in 2014, that she was in an 11-year relationship. References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Aniftos, Rania (February 5, 2020). "A Timeline of Nicki Minaj & Meek Mill's Post-Breakup Feud" (https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-meek-mill-post-breakup-feud-timeline-8550273/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231107184306/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-meek-mill-post-breakup-feud-timeline-8550273/) from the original on November 7, 2023 . Retrieved November 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_2-0) Haramis, Nick (August 3, 2011). "In the pink: First lady of hip-hop Nicki Minaj is a bewigged global phenomenon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180911115835/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/in-the-pink-first-lady-of-hip-hop-nicki-minaj-is-a-bewigged-global-phenomenon-2331338.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/in-the-pink-first-lady-of-hip-hop-nicki-minaj-is-a-bewigged-global-phenomenon-2331338.html) on September 11, 2018 . Retrieved October 5, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Nicki Minaj, Doja Cat Makes Guinness World Record With 'Say So' (https://urbanislandz.com/2021/12/15/nicki-minaj-doja-cat-makes-guinness-world-record-with-say-so/) " (https://urbanislandz.com/2021/12/15/nicki-minaj-doja-cat-makes-guinness-world-record-with-say-so/) . urbanislandz.com . December 15, 2021. 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"Megan Thee Stallion, Nicki Minaj feud escalates with 'get up on your good foot' lyric" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/01/26/megan-thee-stallion-nicki-minaj-songs-shooting-hiss/72366565007/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved January 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-653) "Nicki Minaj Drops Megan Thee Stallion Diss Track 'Big Foot' (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-big-foot-megan-thee-stallion-diss-song-1234955744/) " (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-big-foot-megan-thee-stallion-diss-song-1234955744/) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . January 29, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-654) Conteh, Mankaprr (January 31, 2024). "Nicki Minaj Says Megan Thee Stallion 'Wanted a Rihanna Moment' After Being Shot" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-rihanna-moment-shooting-feud-1234958417/) . 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Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-657) Nicki Minaj Interview: Mom Guilt, COVID-19 & Having To Quarantine From Her Son! , February 2, 2022 , retrieved February 3, 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-658) "Nicki Minaj says she will get COVID-19 vaccine "once I feel I've done enough research" (https://www.nme.com/news/music/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-research-met-gala-requirement-3045113) " (https://www.nme.com/news/music/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-research-met-gala-requirement-3045113) . NME . September 14, 2021 . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-659) "Even the Met Gala Can't Convince Nicki Minaj to Get Vaxxed" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-not-vaxxed-met-gala-1225492/) . September 13, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-660) "Nicki Minaj mocked over story on why cousin isn't getting COVID-19 vaccine" (https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/572076-nicki-minaj-mocked-over-story-on-why-cousin-isnt-getting-covid) . The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) . September 13, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-661) Falcon, Russell (September 15, 2021). "Trinidad & Tobago health minister: Nicki Minaj's 'swollen testicle' COVID-19 vaccine claims are false" (https://www.kxan.com/news/national-news/trinidad-tobago-health-minister-nicki-minajs-swollen-testicle-covid-19-vaccine-claims-are-false/) . KXAN-TV (/wiki/KXAN-TV) . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-662) "Nicki Minaj tweets coronavirus vaccine conspiracy theory, spotlighting struggle against misinformation" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/09/14/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-conspiracy/) . The Washington Post . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . Retrieved September 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-663) Kirkl, Justin (September 15, 2021). "Trinidad & Tobagao Has Confirmed They Have No Record of Nicki Minaj's Cousin's Friend's Swollen Balls" (https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a37612591/nicki-minaj-trinidad-tobago-testicles-claim-response-press-conference/) . Esquire . Retrieved February 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-664) Lukpat, Alyssa; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (September 16, 2021). "White House offers a call to Nicki Minaj to discuss vaccine safety" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/15/us/nicki-minaj-vaccine.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved September 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-665) "Nicki Minaj vows "I'll never use Twitter again" after backlash over viral COVID vaccine post" (https://www.salon.com/2021/09/15/nicki-minaj-vows-ill-never-use-twitter-again-after-suspension-for-viral-vaccine-post/) . Salon . September 15, 2021 . Retrieved September 17, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-666) "Nicki Minaj Calls Out Reporters for Allegedly Harassing Her Family Amid Vaccine Comments Criticism" (https://www.complex.com/music/nicki-minaj-calls-out-reporter-for-allegedly-harassing-her-family-amid-vaccine-comments-criticism/) . Complex . Retrieved January 7, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-667) Truffaut-Wong, Olivia (May 2, 2022). "So … Does This Mean Nicki Minaj Got Vaccinated?" (https://www.thecut.com/2022/05/nicki-minaj-2022-met-gala-vaccine.html) . The Cut (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)#The_Cut) . Retrieved May 4, 2022 . Further reading Hope, Clover (/wiki/Clover_Hope) (2021). The Motherlode: 100+ Women Who Made Hip-Hop . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-4296-5 . External links Nicki Minaj at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nicki_Minaj) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicki_Minaj) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nicki_Minaj) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) from Wikiquote Official website (http://www.nickiminajofficial.com/) Nicki Minaj (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0001013175) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Nicki Minaj (https://www.discogs.com/artist/Nicki+Minaj) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Nicki Minaj (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3747326/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Preceded by Cee-Lo Green (/wiki/CeeLo_Green) Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) musical guest (/wiki/List_of_Saturday_Night_Live_guests) January 29, 2011 Succeeded by Linkin Park (/wiki/Linkin_Park) Preceded by Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) and Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) Saturday Night Live musical guest December 6, 2014 Succeeded by Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) hide v t e Nicki Minaj Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) Videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Studio albums Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012) The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014) Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) (2018) Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023) Compilation albums We Are Young Money (/wiki/We_Are_Young_Money) Rich Gang (/wiki/Rich_Gang_(album)) Young Money: Rise of an Empire (/wiki/Young_Money:_Rise_of_an_Empire) Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) Mixtapes Playtime Is Over (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) Reissues Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded – The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) (2012) Concert tours Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) The Nicki Wrld Tour (/wiki/The_Nicki_Wrld_Tour) Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) Category (/wiki/Category:Nicki_Minaj) show v t e Nicki Minaj songs Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) " I Get Crazy (/wiki/I_Get_Crazy) " " Best I Ever Had (/wiki/Best_I_Ever_Had_(Drake_song)#Remix) " Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " " Did It On'em (/wiki/Did_It_On%27em) " " Right Thru Me (/wiki/Right_Thru_Me) " " Fly (/wiki/Fly_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " " Check It Out (/wiki/Check_It_Out_(will.i.am_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Blazin' (/wiki/Blazin%27_(song)) " " Your Love (/wiki/Your_Love_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) " " Girls Fall Like Dominoes (/wiki/Girls_Fall_Like_Dominoes) " " BedRock (/wiki/BedRock) " Pink Friday: (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " " Come on a Cone (/wiki/Come_on_a_Cone) " " I Am Your Leader (/wiki/I_Am_Your_Leader) " " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) " " Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Roman_Reloaded_(song)) " " Champion (/wiki/Champion_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Right by My Side (/wiki/Right_by_My_Side) " " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " " Pound the Alarm (/wiki/Pound_the_Alarm) " " Whip It (/wiki/Whip_It_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) " " Turn Me On (/wiki/Turn_Me_On_(David_Guetta_song)) " " Va Va Voom (/wiki/Va_Va_Voom) " The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) " Freedom (/wiki/Freedom_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " High School (/wiki/High_School_(song)) " " The Boys (/wiki/The_Boys_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Cassie_song)) " The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) " All Things Go (/wiki/All_Things_Go) " " Get on Your Knees (/wiki/Get_on_Your_Knees_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Feeling Myself (/wiki/Feeling_Myself_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Only (/wiki/Only_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) " " The Night Is Still Young (/wiki/The_Night_Is_Still_Young_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Pills n Potions (/wiki/Pills_n_Potions) " " Bed of Lies (/wiki/Bed_of_Lies) " " Truffle Butter (/wiki/Truffle_Butter) " Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) " Ganja Burn (/wiki/Ganja_Burn) " " Majesty (/wiki/Majesty_(song)) " " Barbie Dreams (/wiki/Barbie_Dreams) " " Rich Sex (/wiki/Rich_Sex) " " Bed (/wiki/Bed_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " " Good Form (/wiki/Good_Form_(song)) " " Barbie Tingz (/wiki/Barbie_Tingz) " " Fefe (/wiki/Fefe_(song)) " Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) " " Bussin (/wiki/Bussin_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Lil_Baby_song)) " " We Go Up (/wiki/We_Go_Up_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) " " Needle (/wiki/Needle_(song)) " " Everybody (/wiki/Everybody_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " " Bahm Bahm (/wiki/Bahm_Bahm) " " Last Time I Saw You (/wiki/Last_Time_I_Saw_You) " " Love Me Enough (/wiki/Love_Me_Enough_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " Other songs " Roger That (/wiki/Roger_That_(song)) " " Dark Fantasy (/wiki/Dark_Fantasy_(song)) " " Massive Attack (/wiki/Massive_Attack_(song)) " " Roman in Moscow (/wiki/Roman_in_Moscow) " " Yasss Bish (/wiki/Yasss_Bish) " " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Black Barbies (/wiki/Black_Barbies_(song)) " " Make Love (/wiki/Make_Love_(Gucci_Mane_song)) " " Changed It (/wiki/Changed_It) " " Regret in Your Tears (/wiki/Regret_in_Your_Tears) " " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) " " MotorSport (/wiki/MotorSport) " " Violent Crimes (/wiki/Violent_Crimes_(song)) " " Boo'd Up (/wiki/Boo%27d_Up#Nicki_Minaj_and_Quavo_remix) " (remix) " Megatron (/wiki/Megatron_(song)) " " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) " " Yikes (/wiki/Yikes_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) " " What That Speed Bout!? (/wiki/What_That_Speed_Bout!%3F) " " Blick Blick (/wiki/Blick_Blick) " " Love in the Way (/wiki/Love_in_the_Way) " " Tukoh Taka (/wiki/Tukoh_Taka) " " WTF (/wiki/WTF_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Princess Diana (/wiki/Princess_Diana_(song)) " (remix) " Alone (/wiki/Alone_(Kim_Petras_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " As featured artist 2009 " 5 Star (/wiki/5_Star_(song)) " (remix) 2010 " Up Out My Face (/wiki/Up_Out_My_Face) " " Knockout (/wiki/Knockout_(Lil_Wayne_song)) " " My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) " " Lil Freak (/wiki/Lil_Freak) " " Get It All (/wiki/Get_It_All) " " Hello Good Morning (/wiki/Hello_Good_Morning) " (remix) " Woohoo (/wiki/Woohoo_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) " " All I Do Is Win (/wiki/All_I_Do_Is_Win) " (remix) " Up All Night (/wiki/Up_All_Night_(Drake_song)) " " Bottoms Up (/wiki/Bottoms_Up_(Trey_Songz_song)) " " 2012 (It Ain't the End) (/wiki/2012_(It_Ain%27t_the_End)) " " Letting Go (Dutty Love) (/wiki/Letting_Go_(Dutty_Love)) " " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) " " I Ain't Thru (/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Thru) " " Raining Men (/wiki/Raining_Men_(Rihanna_song)) " 2011 " The Creep (/wiki/The_Creep_(song)) " " Shakin' It 4 Daddy (/wiki/Shakin%27_It_4_Daddy) " " Till the World Ends (The Femme Fatale Remix) (/wiki/Till_the_World_Ends) " " Where Them Girls At (/wiki/Where_Them_Girls_At) " " Lollipop Luxury (/wiki/Lollipop_Luxury) " " Y.U. Mad (/wiki/Y.U._Mad) " " Fireball (/wiki/Fireball_(Willow_Smith_song)) " " You the Boss (/wiki/You_the_Boss) " " Make Me Proud (/wiki/Make_Me_Proud) " " Dance (Ass) (/wiki/Dance_(Ass)) " (remix) 2012 " Give Me All Your Luvin' (/wiki/Give_Me_All_Your_Luvin%27) " " I Don't Give A (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Give_A) " " Take It to the Head (/wiki/Take_It_to_the_Head) " " Get Low (/wiki/Get_Low_(Waka_Flocka_Flame_song)) " " Girl on Fire (Inferno Version) (/wiki/Girl_on_Fire_(song)) " " Out of My Mind (/wiki/Out_of_My_Mind_(B.o.B_song)) " " Beauty and a Beat (/wiki/Beauty_and_a_Beat) " 2013 " Freaks (/wiki/Freaks_(French_Montana_song)) " " Tonight I'm Getting Over You (/wiki/Tonight_I%27m_Getting_Over_You) " (remix) " Tapout (/wiki/Tapout_(song)) " " Somebody Else (/wiki/Somebody_Else_(Mario_song)) " " I'm Out (/wiki/I%27m_Out) " " Twerk It (/wiki/Twerk_It) " " Get Like Me (/wiki/Get_Like_Me_(Nelly_song)) " " Livin' It Up (/wiki/Livin%27_It_Up_(Ciara_song)) " " Love More (/wiki/Love_More) " " I Wanna Be with You (/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_with_You_(DJ_Khaled_song)) " " Clappers (/wiki/Clappers_(song)) " " My Nigga (/wiki/My_Nigga) " (remix) 2014 " Animales (/wiki/Animales) " " Lookin Ass (/wiki/Lookin_Ass) " " She Came to Give It to You (/wiki/She_Came_to_Give_It_to_You) " " Low (/wiki/Low_(Juicy_J_song)) " " Flawless (/wiki/Flawless_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)#Remix_featuring_Nicki_Minaj) " (remix) " Touchin, Lovin (/wiki/Touchin,_Lovin) " " Throw Sum Mo (/wiki/Throw_Sum_Mo) " 2015 " Sugar (/wiki/Sugar_(Maroon_5_song)) " (remix) " Hey Mama (/wiki/Hey_Mama_(David_Guetta_song)) " " Bitch I'm Madonna (/wiki/Bitch_I%27m_Madonna) " " All Eyes on You (/wiki/All_Eyes_on_You) " " Back Together (/wiki/Back_Together_(song)) " " The Hills (/wiki/The_Hills_(song)#Remixes_and_media_use) " (remix) " Down in the DM (/wiki/Down_in_the_DM) " (remix) 2016 " No Broken Hearts (/wiki/No_Broken_Hearts) " " Do You Mind (/wiki/Do_You_Mind_(DJ_Khaled_song)) " " Side to Side (/wiki/Side_to_Side) " 2017 " Run Up (/wiki/Run_Up) " " Swalla (/wiki/Swalla) " " Light My Body Up (/wiki/Light_My_Body_Up) " " Kissing Strangers (/wiki/Kissing_Strangers) " " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) " " Rake It Up (/wiki/Rake_It_Up) " " You da Baddest (/wiki/You_da_Baddest) " " You Already Know (/wiki/You_Already_Know) " " The Way Life Goes (/wiki/The_Way_Life_Goes_(song)) " (remix) " Krippy Kush (/wiki/Krippy_Kush) " (remix) " Plain Jane (/wiki/Plain_Jane_(song)#Remix) " (remix) 2018 " Ball for Me (/wiki/Ball_for_Me) " " Big Bank (/wiki/Big_Bank) " " The Light Is Coming (/wiki/The_Light_Is_Coming) " " Goodbye (/wiki/Goodbye_(Jason_Derulo_and_David_Guetta_song)) " " Idol (/wiki/Idol_(BTS_song)) " " Woman Like Me (/wiki/Woman_Like_Me) " " Dip (/wiki/Dip_(song)) " " No Candle No Light (/wiki/No_Candle_No_Light) " " Mama (/wiki/Mama_(6ix9ine_song)) " " Touch Down (/wiki/Touch_Down_(song)) " (remix) 2019 " Dumb Blonde (/wiki/Dumb_Blonde_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Wobble Up (/wiki/Wobble_Up) " " BAPS (/wiki/BAPS_(song)) " " Extravagant (/wiki/Extravagant) " " Hot Girl Summer (/wiki/Hot_Girl_Summer) " " Welcome to the Party (/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Party_(Pop_Smoke_song)) " (remix) 2020 " Nice to Meet Ya (/wiki/Nice_to_Meet_Ya_(Meghan_Trainor_song)) " " Say So (/wiki/Say_So) " (remix) " Move Ya Hips (/wiki/Move_Ya_Hips) " " Expensive (/wiki/Expensive_(song)) " " Whole Lotta Choppas (/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Choppas) " (remix) 2021 " Whole Lotta Money (/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Money) " (remix) " Boyz (/wiki/Boyz_(Jesy_Nelson_song)) " 2023 " Pound Town 2 (/wiki/Pound_Town) " " Endless Fashion (/wiki/Endless_Fashion) " Unreleased songs " Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Nas_song)) " " New Body (/wiki/New_Body) " show Awards for Nicki Minaj (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) show v t e American Music Award for Favorite Rap/Hip Hop Artist (/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Rap/Hip_Hop_Artist) DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince (/wiki/DJ_Jazzy_Jeff_%26_The_Fresh_Prince) (1989) MC Hammer (/wiki/MC_Hammer) (1990) MC Hammer (/wiki/MC_Hammer) (1991) MC Hammer (/wiki/MC_Hammer) (1992) Sir Mix-a-Lot (/wiki/Sir_Mix-a-Lot) (1993) Dr. Dre (/wiki/Dr._Dre) (1994) Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) (1995) Coolio (/wiki/Coolio) (1996) Tupac Shakur (/wiki/Tupac_Shakur) (1997) Bone Thugs-n-Harmony (/wiki/Bone_Thugs-n-Harmony) (1998) Master P (/wiki/Master_P) (1999) DMX (/wiki/DMX) (2000) Dr. Dre (/wiki/Dr._Dre) (2001) Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) (2002) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) / Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2003) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) / Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2003) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) / Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2005) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2006) T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) (2007) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2008) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2009) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2010) Nicki Minaj (2011) Nicki Minaj (2012) Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Macklemore_%26_Ryan_Lewis) (2013) Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) (2014) Nicki Minaj (2015) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2016) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2017) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2018) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2019) Juice Wrld (/wiki/Juice_Wrld) / Nicki Minaj (2020) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) / Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2021) show v t e BET Award for Best Female Hip Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Female_Hip_Hop_Artist) Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) (2001) Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2002–2004) Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) (2005) Missy Elliott (2006, 2008) M.I.A (/wiki/M.I.A._(rapper)) (2009) Nicki Minaj (2010–2016) Remy Ma (2017) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2018–2019) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2020–2022) Latto (/wiki/Latto) (2023) Nicki Minaj (2024) show v t e BET Award for Best New Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) (2001) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2002) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) (2003) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2004) John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2005) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) (2006) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2007) The-Dream (/wiki/The-Dream) (2008) Keri Hilson (/wiki/Keri_Hilson) (2009) Nicki Minaj (2010) Wiz Khalifa (/wiki/Wiz_Khalifa) (2011) Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) (2012) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2013) August Alsina (/wiki/August_Alsina) (2014) Sam Smith (/wiki/Sam_Smith_(singer)) (2015) Bryson Tiller (/wiki/Bryson_Tiller) (2016) Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) (2017) SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2018) Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) (2019) Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) (2020) Giveon (/wiki/Giveon) (2021) Latto (/wiki/Latto) (2022) Coco Jones (/wiki/Coco_Jones) (2023) Tyla (/wiki/Tyla_(South_African_singer)) (2024) show v t e Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Song (/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Song) 1980s " La Bamba (/wiki/La_Bamba_(song)) " – Los Lobos (/wiki/Los_Lobos) (1988) " Kokomo (/wiki/Kokomo_(song)) " – The Beach Boys (/wiki/The_Beach_Boys) (1989) 1990s " Hangin' Tough (/wiki/Hangin%27_Tough_(song)) " – New Kids on the Block (/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block) (1990) " Ice Ice Baby (/wiki/Ice_Ice_Baby) " – Vanilla Ice (/wiki/Vanilla_Ice) (1991) " Jump (/wiki/Jump_(Kris_Kross_song)) " – Kris Kross (/wiki/Kris_Kross) (1992) No Award (1993) " Whoomp! (There It Is) (/wiki/Whoomp!_(There_It_Is)) " – Tag Team (/wiki/Tag_Team_(group)) (1994) " Creep (/wiki/Creep_(TLC_song)) " – TLC (/wiki/TLC_(group)) (1995) " Gangsta's Paradise (/wiki/Gangsta%27s_Paradise) " – Coolio (/wiki/Coolio) (1996) " Killing Me Softly (/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song#Fugees_version) " – Fugees (/wiki/Fugees) (1997) " MMMBop (/wiki/MMMBop) " – Hanson (/wiki/Hanson_(band)) (1998) " Everybody (Backstreet's Back) (/wiki/Everybody_(Backstreet%27s_Back)) " – Backstreet Boys (/wiki/Backstreet_Boys) (1999) 2000s " Wild Wild West (/wiki/Wild_Wild_West_(Will_Smith_song)) " – Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (2000) " Who Let the Dogs Out (/wiki/Who_Let_the_Dogs_Out) " – Baha Men (/wiki/Baha_Men) (2001) " Get the Party Started (/wiki/Get_the_Party_Started) " – P!nk (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) (2002) " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) " – Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne) (2003) " Hey Ya! (/wiki/Hey_Ya!) 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(/wiki/Portal:Trinidad_and_Tobago) show Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1787295/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000122969945) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/76145970087732250928) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhp9xGfQqhqH34mjMHG3) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/15004373) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16215529v) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16215529v) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/142847925) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007361264505171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010042410) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0138378&CON_LNG=ENG) Artists Grammy Awards (https://www.grammy.com/artists/nicki-minaj/4579) MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1036b808-f58c-4a3e-b461-a2c4492ecf1b) Other 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Type of turban Mahadev Govind Ranade wearing the Puneri pagadi The Puneri Pagadi is a distinctive style of turban (/wiki/Turban) , which is considered as a symbol of pride and honor in the city of Pune (/wiki/Pune) . [1] (#cite_note-BS-1) It was introduced two centuries ago. [2] (#cite_note-mid-day-2) Though it is a symbol of honour, the use of the pagadi has changed over the years and now it is also used on traditional days in colleges. [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) To preserve the identity of the pagadi , there were demands from the locals to grant it a Geographical Indication (/wiki/Geographical_Indication) (GI) status. [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) Their demand was fulfilled and the pagadi became an intellectual property (/wiki/Intellectual_property) on 4 September 2009. [1] (#cite_note-BS-1) [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) [4] (#cite_note-ZeeNews-4) [5] (#cite_note-oneindia-5) [6] (#cite_note-mid-day2-6) History [ edit ] Turban fitters of Pune, 1890 The Puneri -style pagadi was introduced in the 19th century by Mahadev Govind Ranade (/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade) , a social reformer. Later, it was worn by many leaders like Lokmanya Tilak (/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilak) , J.S. Karandikar, D.D. Sathye, Dr. Vitthalrao Gade, Tatyasaheb Kelkar (/wiki/Narasimha_Chintaman_Kelkar) and Datto Vaman Potdar (/wiki/Datto_Vaman_Potdar) . [2] (#cite_note-mid-day-2) The pagadi became more popular in 1973 after the Marathi (/wiki/Marathi_language) play, Ghashiram Kotwal (/wiki/Ghashiram_Kotwal) . [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) Usage [ edit ] The pagadi is used mostly on special occasions like wedding ceremonies and traditional days in schools and colleges. Youngsters wear it while performing the gondhal art form. The pagadi , being a symbol of honour, is also used as a souvenir (/wiki/Souvenir) . It also finds usage in period films (/wiki/Period_film) and theatres (/wiki/Theatre) . [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) Granting of intellectual property right [ edit ] The 10-membered Shree Puneri Pagadi Sangh had applied before the Geographical Indication Registry (/wiki/Geographical_Indication_Registry_(India)) to get a Geographical Indication (/wiki/Geographical_Indication) (GI) tag for the pagadi . [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) Great Mission Group Consultancy, which promotes intellectual property rights (/wiki/Intellectual_property_rights) filed the application on behalf of them. [2] (#cite_note-mid-day-2) The aim was to make the pagadi recognizable, preserve its identity and also that of the Puneri culture. Consequently, on 4 September 2009, the Geographical Indication status was given to the headgear (/wiki/Headgear) and the pagadi became the official cultural identity of Pune (/wiki/Pune) . [1] (#cite_note-BS-1) [3] (#cite_note-theindianexpress-3) [4] (#cite_note-ZeeNews-4) [5] (#cite_note-oneindia-5) [6] (#cite_note-mid-day2-6) Thus, the pagadi got the Intellectual Property Right (IPR) and selling of any turban made outside Pune, under the name of Puneri pagadi became illegal. Along with the Puneri pagadi , IPR has been previously issued to Indian products like Darjeeling tea (/wiki/Darjeeling_tea) , Banarasi saris (/wiki/Banarasi_sari) , Tirupati ladoos, among others. [4] (#cite_note-ZeeNews-4) See also [ edit ] Culture of Pune (/wiki/Culture_of_Pune) Pagri (turban) (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pheta (turban) (/wiki/Pheta_(turban)) Ilkal saree (/wiki/Ilkal_saree) Navalgund Durries (/wiki/Navalgund_Durries) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Indian association seeks IPR for 'Puneri Pagadi' (http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/indian-association-seeks-ipr-for-%5Cpuneri-pagadi%5C/354259/) " (http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/indian-association-seeks-ipr-for-%5Cpuneri-pagadi%5C/354259/) . Business Standard India . Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 7 April 2009 . Retrieved 12 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Turban legend: Puneri Pagadi may soon get intellectual property tag" (http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/apr/060409-Pune-News-property-tag-Puneri-Pagadi-Turban-intellectual-property-rights.htm) . Mid-day. 6 April 2009 . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Shruti Nambiar (2 August 2011). "The Pagadi Unravelled" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-pagadi-unravelled/825919/1) . The Indian Express. pp. 1–2 . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Puneri Pagadi gets GI tag; latest to join protected goods club" (http://zeenews.india.com/news/etc/puneri-pagadi-gets-gi-tag-latest-to-join-protected-goods-club_565357.html) . Zee News. 21 September 2009 . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Puneri Pagdi obtains geographical indication status" (http://news.oneindia.in/2010/01/03/puneripagdi-obtains-geographical-indicationstatus.html) . OneIndia News. 3 January 2010 . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chandran Iyer (22 September 2009). "Puneri Pagadi gets pride of place" (http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/sep/220909-Puneri-Pagadi-Geographical-Indication-Pune2.htm) . Mid Day . Retrieved 13 June 2012 . v t e Clothing in South Asia History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Clothes Achkan (/wiki/Achkan) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Antriya (/wiki/Antriya) Argon (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Bakhu/Kho (/wiki/Kho_(costume)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) Dhakai shari (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dumdyam (/wiki/Dumdyam) Dumpra (/wiki/Dumpra) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Farshi Pajama (/wiki/Farshi_Pajama) Ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) Ghoonghat (/wiki/Ghoonghat) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Gamosa (/wiki/Gamosa) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Gho (/wiki/Gho) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Kabney (/wiki/Kabney) Kasta sari (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kaupina(m) (/wiki/Kaupinam) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Lehenga-style sari (/wiki/Lehenga-style_sari) Langa voni (/wiki/Langa_voni) Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Madisar (/wiki/Madisar) Mekhela chador (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Mufti (/wiki/Mufti_(dress)) Mujib coat (/wiki/Mujib_coat) Mundu (/wiki/Mundu) Mundum neriyatum (/wiki/Mundum_neriyatum) Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Patiala salwar (/wiki/Patiala_salwar) Pheran (/wiki/Pheran) Pinon hadi (/wiki/Pinon_hadi) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(garment)) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sambalpuri sari (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Kerala sari (/wiki/Kerala_sari) Tant shari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Toego (/wiki/Toego) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) Wonju (/wiki/Wonju_(Bhutan)) Headgear Bhaad-gaaule topi (/wiki/Bhaad-gaaule_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Gandhi cap (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Puneri Pagadi Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c795b44dd‐8djll Cached time: 20240717165710 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.271 seconds Real time usage: 0.369 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 814/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24321/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 943/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33416/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4017583/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 313.504 1 -total 41.50% 130.108 1 Template:Reflist 29.16% 91.433 1 Template:Cite_news 25.72% 80.647 1 Template:Clothing_in_South_Asia 24.99% 78.353 1 Template:Navbox 23.00% 72.118 1 Template:Short_description 12.31% 38.598 2 Template:Pagetype 6.90% 21.621 4 Template:Main_other 6.52% 20.430 5 Template:Cite_web 6.10% 19.112 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36116619-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717165710 and revision id 1146808806. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puneri_Pagadi&oldid=1146808806 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puneri_Pagadi&oldid=1146808806) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Pune (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Pune) Indian headgear (/wiki/Category:Indian_headgear) Indian clothing (/wiki/Category:Indian_clothing) Turbans (/wiki/Category:Turbans) Geographical indications in Maharashtra (/wiki/Category:Geographical_indications_in_Maharashtra) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from December 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2018) Use Indian English from December 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_December_2018) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English)
Australian women's fashion label Sass & Bide Sass & Bide store at Indooroopilly Shopping Centre (/wiki/Indooroopilly_Shopping_Centre) Company type Subsidiary Founded 1999 Headquarters Sydney , Australia Owner Myer (/wiki/Myer) [1] (#cite_note-sold-1) Website sassandbide (http://sassandbide.com) .com (http://sassandbide.com) Sass & Bide (stylised as sass & bide ) is an Australian women's fashion label (/wiki/Fashion_label) established in 1999. [2] (#cite_note-monthly-2) The label is known for being worn by actress Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) and, in more recent times, Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Nicole Richie (/wiki/Nicole_Richie) and Mila Kunis (/wiki/Mila_Kunis) . [3] (#cite_note-wat-3) History [ edit ] Foundation [ edit ] Sarah-Jane Clarke (/wiki/Sarah-Jane_Clarke) ( sass ) and Heidi Middleton (/w/index.php?title=Heidi_Middleton&action=edit&redlink=1) ( bide ) first met in 1992, whilst in secondary school in Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland) , Queensland. They followed different paths; Clarke studying to be an accountant, while Middleton studied at the Queensland College of Art (/wiki/Queensland_College_of_Art) and Griffith University (/wiki/Griffith_University) , prior to becoming an art director. [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) However, they reunited and together went to London in the late 1990s. [5] (#cite_note-abc-5) Middleton and Clarke in 2013 The label was founded in the late 1990s by Clarke and Middleton when they commenced selling customized jeans in a stall on London's Portobello Road Market (/wiki/Portobello_Road_Market) . [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) [6] (#cite_note-smh-6) Motivated by a love of vintage clothing and markets, Clarke and Middleton claim that they commenced modifying jeans purchased from retail outlets, and cutting to meet their own tastes in fashion. [5] (#cite_note-abc-5) Fashion shows and growth [ edit ] After their initial success in the markets, Clarke and Middleton returned to Australia in 1999, based in Sydney, they developed an underground following that led to their first seasonal collection at Mercedes Australian Fashion Week (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) in 2001. [7] (#cite_note-afg-7) Subsequent collections were shown at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 2002; New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , commencing in 2003 for eight consecutive seasons, prior to withdrawing in 2009, due to the birth of Clarke's third child. [8] (#cite_note-8) They have shown in London, since 2009. [3] (#cite_note-wat-3) [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) For almost two decades, Sass & Bide has been at the forefront of women's designer fashion. [3] (#cite_note-wat-3) [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) In a fortunate coincidence in 2002, Clarke and Middleton were in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) where Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) was filming a scene for Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) . Clarke was wearing a self-styled denim jacket and took if off and handed it to a security guard, who in turn gave it to Parker. The next day, Clarke and Middleton were invited to Parker's trailer to show their designs. Parker later commissioned Clarke and Middleton to make a few one-off pieces for Sex and the City . Through this publicity, the label propelled growth for the brand in the international marketplace. [5] (#cite_note-abc-5) [9] (#cite_note-aust-9) Sale of business [ edit ] In 2003, Clarke and Middleton sold 50% of Sass & Bide to former owners of the Mimco (/wiki/Mimco) accessories chain, Daniel Besen and David Briskin, with Briskin taking up the role as chief executive. Clarke and Middleton retained design control of the label. In early 2011, upmarket Australian department store (/wiki/Department_store) chain, Myer (/wiki/Myer) purchased a 65% stake in the label for A$42.25 million. [6] (#cite_note-smh-6) [10] (#cite_note-10) In October 2013, Myer purchased the remaining 35% of the business for $30 million. [1] (#cite_note-sold-1) [11] (#cite_note-11) Clarke and Middleton retained their executive and advisory board roles until June 2014, when they left the brand altogether. [1] (#cite_note-sold-1) Wealth [ edit ] First appearing on the BRW (/wiki/Business_Review_Weekly) Young Rich List in 2006 with a combined wealth assessed at A$ 30 million, [12] (#cite_note-YRL2006-12) Clarke and Middleton have appeared on every subsequent Young Rich List up to 2009 when their combined wealth was estimated as A$36 million. [2] (#cite_note-monthly-2) They did not appear on the list in 2010, yet returned in 2011 with an estimated combined net wealth of A$26 million. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Clarke, Jenna (4 July 2014). "Heidi Middleton and Sarah-Jane Clarke quit the sass & bide empire" (http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/heidi-middleton-and-sarahjane-clarke-quit-the-sass--bide-empire-20140704-zswks.html) . The Age . Fairfax Media . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ a b Press, Clare (March 2010). "Blankett Slate: Australian style" (https://www.themonthly.com.au/fashion-clare-press-blankett-slate-australian-style-2297) . The Monthly . Black Inc . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ a b c Braithwaite, Alyssa (21 September 2010). "Aussie label turns heads at London Fashion Week" (http://www.watoday.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/aussie-label-turns-heads-at-london-fashion-week-20100918-15gp7.html) . WA Today . Australia. Australian Associated Press (AAP) . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ a b c d Cooper, Michlle (21 October 2010). "Sass & Bide" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/101021-sass--bide-biography.aspx) . Vogue . United Kingdom: Condé Nast . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ a b c Moss, Tara (/wiki/Tara_Moss) (18 February 2008). "That's What Friends Are For" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080429202914/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2167018.htm) . Australian Story . Australia: ABC1. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2167018.htm) (transcript) on 29 April 2008 . Retrieved 25 October 2019 . ^ a b Breen Burns, Janice (7 February 2011). "Store wars: Myer buys fashion label sass & bide for $42.25m" (http://www.smh.com.au/business/store-wars-myer-buys-fashion-label-sass--bide-for-4225m-20110207-1ajdd.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-afg_7-0) "Sass & Bide" (http://www.australianfashionguide.com.au/sass-and-bide/women/designers/sass-and-bide) . Australian Fashion Guide . 2009 . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sass and Bide withdraw from NYC Fashion Week" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101219085905/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/sass-and-bide-withdraw-from-nyc-fashion-week/story-e6frfmqr-1111118544147#ixzz1De8nELP0) . The Daily Telegraph . Australia. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/sass-and-bide-withdraw-from-nyc-fashion-week/story-e6frfmqr-1111118544147) on 19 December 2010 . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-aust_9-0) Bennet, Michael (8 February 2011). "Myer in downward slide on profit downgrade, sass & bide move" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/industry-sectors/myer-in-downward-slide-on-profit-downgrade-sass-bide-move/story-e6frg9h6-1226002125970) . The Australian . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cant, Di. "The Sass & Bide interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110310132147/http://www.ourbrisbane.com/shopping/fashion-and-design/the-sass-bide-interview) . Our Brisbane . Australia: Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original (http://www.ourbrisbane.com/shopping/fashion-and-design/the-sass-bide-interview) on 10 March 2011 . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Carter, Bridget (10 August 2021). "Myer set to part with Sass & Bide, Marcs and David Lawrence fashion brands" (https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/dataroom/myer-set-to-part-with-sass-bide-marcs-and-david-lawrence-fashion-brands/news-story/8c74ed6090eac6bad26aab4611541096) . The Australian . Retrieved 11 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-YRL2006_12-0) Nguyen, Kenneth (14 September 2006). "Young, talented and absolutely loaded" (http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/young-talented-and-absolutely-loaded/2006/09/13/1157827020249.html) . The Age . Australia . Retrieved 11 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Sarah Jane Clarke and Heidi Middleton" (http://www.brw.com.au/Page/Uuid/d10eac2e-dd12-11e0-bdec-3e9a655fb7c9) . BRW Young Rich List 2011 . Australia. 22 September 2011 . Retrieved 31 January 2012 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.sassandbide.com/) Media related to Sass & Bide (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sass_%26_Bide) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cg4qn Cached time: 20240719090642 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.321 seconds Real time usage: 0.883 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2092/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33891/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2055/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 52578/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.189/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6060476/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 361.646 1 -total 45.65% 165.079 1 Template:Reflist 23.69% 85.688 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.40% 84.614 1 Template:Cite_web 20.69% 74.832 1 Template:Infobox 18.01% 65.143 1 Template:Short_description 17.08% 61.765 12 Template:Cite_news 10.25% 37.051 2 Template:Pagetype 5.58% 20.169 9 Template:Main_other 4.50% 16.288 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30827814-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719090642 and revision id 1206130487. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sass_%26_Bide&oldid=1206130487 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sass_%26_Bide&oldid=1206130487) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Australia) Clothing retailers of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Australia) Companies based in Sydney (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Sydney) Retail companies established in 1999 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1999) 1999 establishments in Australia (/wiki/Category:1999_establishments_in_Australia) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2024) Use Australian English from February 2014 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_February_2014) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
See also: Category:Actresses from Madhya Pradesh (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Madhya_Pradesh) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐77ccb7d944‐q975b Cached time: 20240709155414 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.025 seconds Real time usage: 0.038 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 24/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 377/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.011/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626426/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 33.479 1 -total 100.00% 33.479 1 Template:See_also_cat 16.54% 5.538 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55839772-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709155414 and revision id 827796490. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Female models from Madhya Pradesh" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Ragini Dwivedi (/wiki/Ragini_Dwivedi) G Sangita Ghosh (/wiki/Sangita_Ghosh) H Neha Hinge (/wiki/Neha_Hinge) J Anveshi Jain (/wiki/Anveshi_Jain) Srishti Jain (/wiki/Srishti_Jain) Pragya Jaiswal (/wiki/Pragya_Jaiswal) K Kajal Jain (/wiki/Kajal_Jain) Arshi Khan (/wiki/Arshi_Khan) Sara Khan (actress, born 1989) (/wiki/Sara_Khan_(actress,_born_1989)) Aishwarya Khare (/wiki/Aishwarya_Khare) M Isha Malviya (/wiki/Isha_Malviya) N Madhura Naik (/wiki/Madhura_Naik) P Juhi Parmar (/wiki/Juhi_Parmar) Akanksha Puri (/wiki/Akanksha_Puri) T Kanika Tiwari (/wiki/Kanika_Tiwari) Divyanka Tripathi (/wiki/Divyanka_Tripathi) V Gehana Vasisth (/wiki/Gehana_Vasisth) Ishita Vyas (/wiki/Ishita_Vyas) Y Himangini Singh Yadu (/wiki/Himangini_Singh_Yadu) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Madhya_Pradesh&oldid=827796490 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Madhya_Pradesh&oldid=827796490) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian female models by state or union territory (/wiki/Category:Indian_female_models_by_state_or_union_territory) Models from Madhya Pradesh (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Madhya_Pradesh) Women from Madhya Pradesh by occupation (/wiki/Category:Women_from_Madhya_Pradesh_by_occupation)
This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_Blue_Sea_(hat)&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( August 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Deep Blue Sea is a hat designed by Australian milliner (/wiki/Milliner) , Ann-Maree Willett, which is made from Australian wool felt (/wiki/Felt) and set with 26 precious opals from Lightning Ridge (/wiki/Lightning_Ridge) , weighing a total of 1447.5 carats. Deep Blue Sea was the feature piece of the ‘Climate’ series of hats that launched Willett's international millinery career. It contains more Lightning Ridge precious opal (/wiki/Opal) than has been brought together on any other wearable item and became known as “the million-dollar opal hat”, [1] (#cite_note-a-1) then later as “the most valuable hat ever offered at public auction.” [2] (#cite_note-b-2) History [ edit ] In 2007, milliner Ann-Maree Willett was invited to represent Australia (/wiki/Australia) with a collection of hats at the Corso Como design Centre in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) . The collection, ‘Climate’, comprised a series of hats inspired by Australia's natural environments, earned Willett one of the few Churchill Fellowships (/wiki/Churchill_Fellowship) [3] (#cite_note-c-3) to be awarded for design in Australia, as well as a relationship with Italian company Borsellino (/wiki/Borsalino) . [4] (#cite_note-d-4) The centerpiece of this collection, Deep Blue Sea, was designed and manufactured as an item of runway or catwalk couture - a wearable sculpture rather than an everyday item. [ citation needed ] Deep Blue Sea was inspired by the Great Barrier Reef (/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef) , the largest coral reef (/wiki/Coral_reef) system on Earth, located off the coast of Queensland (/wiki/Queensland) in northeast Australia. To create the hat, Willett collaborated with opal miners Vicki and Peter Drackest of Down to Earth Opals at Lightning Ridge (/wiki/Lightning_Ridge) in NSW (/wiki/New_South_Wales) , Australia, and master goldsmith Gerd Gerald Schulz, also of Lightning Ridge and formerly from Idar-Oberstein (/wiki/Idar-Oberstein) in Germany, a city famous as a gemstone centre. [ citation needed ] Featuring 28 precious opals weighing a total of 1486.34 carats (/wiki/Carat_(mass)) and custom mounted in 337.5 grams of sterling silver (/wiki/Sterling_silver) and 18-carat yellow gold (/wiki/Colored_gold) , Deep Blue Sea had a retail value of over $1 million. It became widely known as “the million-dollar hat." [ citation needed ] Following its debut in Milan in February 2007, Deep Blue Sea was shown at the L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) Melbourne Fashion Festival in March 2007, then the Australian Masters of Fashion Awards in July 2007, followed by a national tour of Australia. In February 2008, two of the opals on the hat were sold, leaving 26 opals weighing 1447.5 carats. The hat was exhibited again at the Australian Opal Exhibition in July 2008, then at the International Opal Jewellery Design Awards in July 2009. [5] (#cite_note-g-5) Materials [ edit ] Deep Blue Sea is made of Australian wool felt on a wire armature and features 26 carved natural precious opals set amidst feathers. The felt (/wiki/Felt) was hand blocked into cups representing coral (/wiki/Coral) polyps. [ citation needed ] Each of the opals was hand-carved by either Daniela Labiate or Christine Roussel, multi-award-winning master opal carvers regarded as world leaders in their craft. Opal types represented include black opal (/wiki/Black_opal) , dark opal, and crystal opal. The opals are mounted in custom-made settings engineered and manufactured by Gerd Gerald Schulz using metals including sterling silver and 18-carat yellow gold. [ citation needed ] Couture context [ edit ] Deep Blue Sea's primary innovation is in incorporating more than 1400 carats of high-value precious Australian opal, in a full spectrum of colors and hand-carved into sculptural shapes, into couture millinery and fashion. [ citation needed ] Deep Blue Sea drew media attention for its extravagance and its high value both as a hat and as wearable precious opal. In so doing, it joined the ranks of the world's most expensive hats, alongside works such as Louis Mariette's platinum (/wiki/Platinum) -and- diamond (/wiki/Diamond) ‘Chapeau amour’, [6] (#cite_note-h-6) [7] (#cite_note-i-7) David Shilling's (/wiki/David_Shilling) diamond, pearl (/wiki/Pearl) , and ruby (/wiki/Ruby) encrusted hat formerly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) as the most expensive hat ever, [8] (#cite_note-j-8) and Brent Black's ‘The Hat’, [9] (#cite_note-k-9) woven by Simon Espial. See also [ edit ] Opal (/wiki/Opal) Millinery (/wiki/Millinery) Hat making (/wiki/Hatmaking) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-a_1-0) “This hat is worth over $1m: High-level art and fashion are colliding on Australia’s catwalks, Paul Fraser Collectibles 2009s” http://www.paulfrasercollectibles.com/section.asp?catid=72&docid=185 (http://www.paulfrasercollectibles.com/section.asp?catid=72&docid=185) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120304064126/http://www.paulfrasercollectibles.com/section.asp?catid=72&docid=185) 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-b_2-0) "The most valuable hat ever offered at public auction: “Deep Blue Sea” – an extraordinary hat bejewelled with 1447 carats of gem-quality Lightning Ridge opal", Bonhams & Butterfields 2010 http://www.bonhams.com/cgi-bin/public.sh/pubweb/publicSite.r?sContinent=USA&screen=lotdetailsNoFlash&iSaleItemNo=4748778&iSaleNo=19039&iSaleSectionNo=1 (http://www.bonhams.com/cgi-bin/public.sh/pubweb/publicSite.r?sContinent=USA&screen=lotdetailsNoFlash&iSaleItemNo=4748778&iSaleNo=19039&iSaleSectionNo=1) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-c_3-0) Ms Ann-Maree Willett, Churchill Fellowship http://churchilltrust.com.au/fellows/detail/3228/ (http://churchilltrust.com.au/fellows/detail/3228/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110706102802/http://churchilltrust.com.au/fellows/detail/3228/) 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-d_4-0) Lisa Mitchell, ‘Fabulous fledglings,’ The Age 23 August 2007 http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/08/23/1187462432288.html (http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/08/23/1187462432288.html) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-g_5-0) ‘Million-dollar hat to be displayed at jewellery design awards dinner’, The Ridge News, 30 July 2009 http://www.theridgenews.com.au/news/local/news/general/milliondollar-hat-to-be-displayed-at-jewellery-design-awards-dinner/1582599.aspx (http://www.theridgenews.com.au/news/local/news/general/milliondollar-hat-to-be-displayed-at-jewellery-design-awards-dinner/1582599.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110706112629/http://www.theridgenews.com.au/news/local/news/general/milliondollar-hat-to-be-displayed-at-jewellery-design-awards-dinner/1582599.aspx) 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-h_6-0) Chapeau d’amour – platinum and diamond hat http://www.louismariette.co.uk/hatsgallery/large/hat005.jpg (http://www.louismariette.co.uk/hatsgallery/large/hat005.jpg) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-i_7-0) ‘World’s most expensive hats’, Jeremy, The Most Expensive Journal, 29 September 2010 http://most-expensive.net/hat (http://most-expensive.net/hat) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-j_8-0) ‘David Shilling – from Ascot to Monaco’, Michelle Nevard, Coutts Woman, May 2008 http://www.couttswoman.com/2008/may/features/david-shilling.asp (http://www.couttswoman.com/2008/may/features/david-shilling.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100107031542/http://www.couttswoman.com/2008/may/features/david-shilling.asp) 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 4 November 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-k_9-0) ‘The Hat by Brent Black; the world’s most expensive Montecristi Panama hat’, Men-Access http://www.men-access.com/the-hat-by-brent-black-the-worlds-most-expensive-montecristi-panama-hat/ (http://www.men-access.com/the-hat-by-brent-black-the-worlds-most-expensive-montecristi-panama-hat/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101118220503/http://www.men-access.com/the-hat-by-brent-black-the-worlds-most-expensive-montecristi-panama-hat/) 2010-11-18 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 4 November 2010 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bcqmf Cached time: 20240713183029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.144 seconds Real time usage: 0.185 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1427/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20450/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3520/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8877/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.071/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2087974/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 163.135 1 -total 40.11% 65.431 1 Template:Advert 39.11% 63.806 6 Template:Citation_needed 32.26% 52.630 6 Template:Fix 31.44% 51.288 1 Template:Ambox 17.38% 28.357 1 Template:Reflist 11.23% 18.312 6 Template:Delink 9.76% 15.916 12 Template:Category_handler 8.20% 13.376 5 Template:Webarchive 2.58% 4.205 6 Template:Fix/category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29468419-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713183029 and revision id 1231148148. 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(Redirected from Décolletage (/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9colletage&redirect=no) ) Separation between human breasts A woman's cleavage Cleavage is the narrow depression or hollow between the breasts (/wiki/Breast) of a woman. The superior (/wiki/Superior_(anatomy)) portion of cleavage may be accentuated by clothing such as a low-cut neckline (/wiki/Neckline) that exposes the division, and often the term is used to describe the low neckline itself, instead of the term décolletage . Joseph Breen (/wiki/Joseph_Breen) , head of the U.S. film industry's Production Code Administration (/wiki/Production_Code_Administration) , coined the term in its current meaning when evaluating the 1943 film The Outlaw (/wiki/The_Outlaw) , starring Jane Russell (/wiki/Jane_Russell) . The term was explained in Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine on August 5, 1946. It is most commonly used in the parlance of Western female fashion (/wiki/Western_fashion) to refer to necklines that reveal or emphasize décolletage (display of the upper breast area). The visible display of cleavage can provide erotic pleasure (/wiki/Erotic_pleasure) for those who are sexually attracted to women, though this does not occur in all cultures. Explanations for this effect have included [ according to whom? ] evolutionary psychology (/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology) , a patriarchal (/wiki/Patriarchal) revolution, and dissociation from breastfeeding (/wiki/Breastfeeding) . Since at least the 15th century, women in the Western world have used their cleavage to flirt, attract, make political statements (such as in the Topfreedom (/wiki/Topfreedom) movement), and assert power. In several parts of the world, the advent of Christianity (/wiki/Christianity) and Islam (/wiki/Islam) saw a sharp decline in the amount of cleavage which was considered socially acceptable. In many cultures today, [ clarification needed ] cleavage exposure is considered unwelcome or is banned legally. In some areas like European beaches and among many indigenous populations across the world, cleavage exposure is acceptable; conversely, even in the Western world it is often discouraged in daywear or in public spaces. In some cases, exposed cleavage can be a target for unwanted voyeuristic photography (#downblouse) or sexual harassment (/wiki/Sexual_harassment) . Cleavage-revealing clothes started becoming popular in the Christian West (/wiki/Christian_West) as it came out of the Early Middle Ages (/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages) and enjoyed significant prevalence during Mid- Tang-era (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) China, Elizabethan era (/wiki/Elizabethan_era) England, and France over many centuries, particularly after the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) . But in Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) England and during the flapper period (/wiki/Flapper) of Western fashion, it was suppressed. Cleavage came vigorously back to Western fashion in the 1950s, particularly through Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)) celebrities and lingerie brands. The consequent fascination with cleavage was most prominent in the U.S., and countries heavily influenced by the U.S. With the advent of push-up (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs#Shape) and underwired bras (/wiki/Underwired_bra) that replaced corsets (/wiki/Corset) of the past, the cleavage fascination was propelled by these lingerie manufacturers. By the early 2020s, dramatization of cleavage started to lose popularity along with the big lingerie brands. At the same time cleavage was sometimes replaced with other types of presentation of clothed breasts, like sideboobs (#sideboob) and underboobs (#underboob) . Many women enhance their cleavage through the use of things like brassières (/wiki/Brassi%C3%A8re) , falsies (/wiki/Falsies) and corsetry, as well as surgical breast augmentation (/wiki/Breast_augmentation) using saline or silicone implants (/wiki/Breast_implant) and hormone therapy (/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy_(male-to-female)) . Workouts, yoga, skin care, makeup, jewelry, tattoos and piercings (/wiki/Body_piercing) are also used to embellish the cleavage. Male cleavage (also called heavage ), accentuated by low necklines or unbuttoned shirts, is a film trend in Hollywood and Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) . Some men also groom their chests. Etymology [ edit ] Jane Russell (/wiki/Jane_Russell) in The Outlaw (/wiki/The_Outlaw) (1943). Director Howard Hughes (/wiki/Howard_Hughes) ' overemphasizing of her cleavage prompted the Motion Picture Association of America (/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America) to take actions against the film and make the first use of the term cleavage in association with breasts. [1] (#cite_note-etymo-1) [2] (#cite_note-Time-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Hughes and Russell are considered pioneers of exaggerated cleavage in movies. [4] (#cite_note-4) For the film, Hughes designed a prototype for an underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) to give Russell "five and one-quarter inches" long cleavage. [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) The word cleavage (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cleavage) was first used in the early 19th century in geology and mineralogy (/wiki/Mineralogy) to mean the tendency of crystals (/wiki/Crystal) , minerals, and rocks to split along definite planes (/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)) . By the mid-19th century, it was generally used to mean splitting along a line of division into two or more parts. [1] (#cite_note-etymo-1) [6] (#cite_note-MeWe-6) In the 1940s, Joseph Breen (/wiki/Joseph_Breen) , head of the U.S. Production Code Administration (/wiki/Production_Code_Administration) , applied the term to breasts in reference to actor Jane Russell (/wiki/Jane_Russell) 's costumes and poses in the 1943 movie The Outlaw (/wiki/The_Outlaw) . The term was also applied in the evaluation of the British films The Wicked Lady (/wiki/The_Wicked_Lady) (1945), starring Margaret Lockwood (/wiki/Margaret_Lockwood) and Patricia Roc (/wiki/Patricia_Roc) ; Bedelia (/wiki/Bedelia_(film)) (1946), also starring Lockwood; and Pink String and Sealing Wax (/wiki/Pink_String_and_Sealing_Wax) (1945), starring Googie Withers (/wiki/Googie_Withers) . This use of the term was first covered in a Time article titled "Cleavage & the Code" on August 5, 1946, as a " Johnston Office (/wiki/Eric_Johnston) (the popular name for Motion Picture Association of America (/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America) office at the time [7] (#cite_note-SelfReg-7) ) trade term for the shadowed depression dividing an actress' bosom into two distinct sections." [1] (#cite_note-etymo-1) [2] (#cite_note-Time-2) [8] (#cite_note-Dunk-8) [9] (#cite_note-Slide-9) The word cleavage is made of the root verb cleave 'to split' (from Old English (/wiki/Old_English) clifian and Middle English (/wiki/Middle_English) clevien ; cleft in the past tense) and the suffix -age 'the state of, the act of'. [6] (#cite_note-MeWe-6) [10] (#cite_note-MeWe-age-10) While the division of the breasts is a cleavage, the opening of a person's garments to make the division visible is called a décolletage (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9colletage) , a French word that is derived from décolleter 'to reveal the neck'. [11] (#cite_note-11) The term was first used in English literature before 1831 [12] (#cite_note-auto2-12) and was the preferred term among educated people in the English-speaking world before cleavage became the popular term. [8] (#cite_note-Dunk-8) Décolletage (or décolleté in adjectival form) refers to the upper part of the female torso, consisting of the neck, shoulders, back and chest, which is exposed by the neckline (/wiki/Neckline) , the edge of a dress or shirt that goes around the neck, especially at the front of a woman's garment. [13] (#cite_note-13) The neckline and collar are often the most attention-grabbing parts of a garment, effected by bright or contrasting colors, or by décolletage. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) The term is most commonly applied to a neckline that reveals or emphasizes cleavage [16] (#cite_note-auto-16) and is measured as extending about two hand-breadths from the base of the neck down; both in the front and the back. [17] (#cite_note-17) In anatomical terms, the cleft in the human body between the breasts is known as the intermammary cleft (/wiki/Intermammary_cleft) or intermammary sulcus . [18] (#cite_note-18) Typology [ edit ] While there has been much work done to classify breasts based on their shapes, contours and sizes, there has not been much work done to classify their cleavage, [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-MAAK-20) despite its prominence in aesthetic determination. [20] (#cite_note-MAAK-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Culture [ edit ] See also: Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) , Breast fetishism (/wiki/Breast_fetishism) , Modesty (/wiki/Modesty) , and Voyeurism (/wiki/Voyeurism) A fashion model in a décolleté gown (/wiki/Gown) at a fashion show Parvathy Omanakuttan (/wiki/Parvathy_Omanakuttan) in a décolleté sari (/wiki/Sari) at a fashion show In most cultures, men typically find female breasts attractive. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Women sometimes use décolletage that exposes the cleavage to enhance their physical (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) and sexual attractiveness (/wiki/Sexual_attractiveness) , and to improve their sense of femininity. Display of cleavage with a low neckline is often regarded as a form of flirting (/wiki/Flirting) or seduction (/wiki/Seduction) , as much as for its aesthetic or erotic effect. According to Kinsey Reports (/wiki/Kinsey_Reports) , most men derive erotic pleasure from seeing a woman's cleavage. [26] (#cite_note-26) When designing costumes, creating shapes that draw attention to the face or the chest helps distract the gaze from body parts that are considered less desirable. [27] (#cite_note-27) Male cross-dressers (/wiki/Cross-dressing) and trans women (/wiki/Trans_women) often want female-like cleavage to make their bodies look more feminine. Convincing cleavage may distract attention from less-feminine aspects of the appearance and improve the ability to pass (/wiki/Passing_(gender)) . [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) The amount of cleavage exposure that is acceptable in public differs significantly between cultures and societies. [30] (#cite_note-30) In contemporary Western society, the extent to which a woman may expose her breasts depends on the social and cultural context. Displaying any part of the female breast may be considered inappropriate and may be prohibited in some settings, such as workplaces, churches, and schools, while in other spaces, such as parties, beaches and pools, it may be permissible to show as much cleavage as possible. [31] (#cite_note-LedD-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Art historian James Laver (/wiki/James_Laver) noted the changing standards of cleavage are mostly applicable to evening wear rather than to day wear. [33] (#cite_note-33) The exposure of nipples (/wiki/Nipple) and areolae (/wiki/Areolae) is almost always considered immodest (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immodest) and in some instances is viewed as indecent behavior (/wiki/Indecent_exposure) . [31] (#cite_note-LedD-31) Cultural distribution [ edit ] Somono (/w/index.php?title=Somono&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somono) ] women of Mali (/wiki/Mali) do not consider breasts to be sexual The fascination with female breasts and cleavage is widespread but not universal. It is more prevalent in Western and Westernized cultures (/wiki/Western_culture) , particularly in the U.S. and countries that are heavily influenced by the U.S. [34] (#cite_note-McAn-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-CarLat-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Many people in Western culture, both male and female, consider breasts to be an important female secondary sex characteristic (/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristic) [39] (#cite_note-39) and an aspect of femininity. The flaunting of cleavage became an aggressive statement of gender. [ citation needed ] Films like Erin Brockovich (/wiki/Erin_Brockovich_(film)) , in which Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) was required to wear a silicone gel (/wiki/Silicone_gel) -filled bra to increase her cleavage, [40] (#cite_note-40) demonstrated cleavage as a woman's right and an application of feminine attributes as "a source of power". [41] (#cite_note-41) Across history and cultures, other parts of women's bodies have sometimes been viewed as more enticing than breasts, including buttocks, legs, necks, ankles, hair, and feet. [42] (#cite_note-42) American anthropologist Clellan S. Ford (/wiki/Clellan_S._Ford) and ethologist Frank A. Beach (/wiki/Frank_A._Beach) said in their 1951 book Patterns of Sexual Behavior (/wiki/Patterns_of_Sexual_Behavior) that only 13 of 130 cultures in a cross-cultural survey perceived female breasts as sexually attractive. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) In some cultures, for example in African communities, it is not unusual to see uncovered breasts, which are not considered titillating. [34] (#cite_note-McAn-34) Documentarian Carolyn Latteier said in Jennifer (/wiki/Jennifer_Berman) and Laura Berman (/wiki/Laura_Berman) 's TV program All About Breasts , "I interviewed a young anthropologist working with women in Mali (/wiki/Mali) , a country in Africa where women go around with bare breasts. They're always feeding their babies. And when she told them that in our culture men are fascinated with breasts there was an instant of shock. [34] (#cite_note-McAn-34) According to Rosie Sayers, "Breasts have retained their primary biological function [in Mali] and hold no sexual connotations or stimulus." [45] (#cite_note-45) Evolutionary psychologist David M. Buss (/wiki/David_M._Buss) observed that "Americans are probably the most extreme in viewing the breast as a sexual signal." [46] (#cite_note-KaKe-46) American cultural anthropologist Katherine Ann Dettwyler, editor of Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives , found parallels between the modern American practice of breast enlargement and the past Chinese practice of foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) . She suggests that both are "culturally sanctioned mutilations of the female body" for the purpose of "male sexual pleasure", and both "compromise a woman's health" and make her body "nonfunctional". [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) During adolescence, some girls become obsessed with breast shape and cleavage, [49] (#cite_note-Ashlea-49) while others try to resist the growth of their breasts during puberty (/wiki/Puberty) by binding down their breasts (/wiki/Breast_binding) , wearing loose clothes that disguise them or adopting a hunched or stooped posture. [49] (#cite_note-Ashlea-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) A study found that girls whose breasts develop early may be ashamed and embarrassed because of unwanted staring. [51] (#cite_note-51) There is historical evidence that some cultures, including classical antiquity (/wiki/Classical_antiquity) , [52] (#cite_note-EloVau-52) strongly discouraged cleavage or any hint of a bosom. [53] (#cite_note-harari-53) During the Middle Ages and up to the Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) , a woman's stomach was often the central symbol of her sexuality, rather than the breasts. [37] (#cite_note-CarLat-37) Early English Puritans (/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_James_I) used a tight bodice (/wiki/Bodice) to completely flatten breasts, while 17th-century Spaniards put lead plates across the chests of pubescent girls to prevent their bosoms from developing. [53] (#cite_note-harari-53) India [ edit ] In India, women's traditional clothing ( saris (/wiki/Sari) and cholis (/wiki/Choli) ) generally exposes more midriff than cleavage. [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) Gagra choli (/wiki/Gagra_choli) , a dress taken as very chaste in India, also exposes significant amount of midriff and cleavage. [56] (#cite_note-56) Cholis customized for Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) movies have particularly deep décolletage. [57] (#cite_note-57) Women of the Bishnoi (/wiki/Bishnoi) people wear kanchli (/wiki/Kanchli) blouses with very deep necklines that are embellished with frills and bells to draw attention to their cleavage. [58] (#cite_note-58) Other women wear angia (/wiki/Angia_(garment)) , a small, bikini-like top that is tied at the back with a string, often with the front open enough to show deep cleavage. [59] (#cite_note-59) In the late-20th-century India, cleavage became a staple point of attraction in Bollywood movies. [60] (#cite_note-60) In a 2006 study conducted among young people in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) both male and female respondents believed that women wearing cleavage-revealing filmi (movie-like) clothes may be more prone to become victims of sexual violence (/wiki/Sexual_violence) . [63] (#cite_note-63) By the 2010s, Indian men and women wearing décolleté clothes was seen as a fashion statement and not, as in the past, a sign of desperation. [64] (#cite_note-64) At the same time, the allure of on-screen cleavage waned as cleavage-revealing clothes became more commonplace. [65] (#cite_note-65) Islamic view [ edit ] Muslim women are required to cover their bosoms. The Muslim religious dress code for a woman's cleavage is derived from two Quranic verses ( ayat (/wiki/Ayat) ) – verse 31, Sura 24 ( An-Nūr (/wiki/An-Nur) ; Arabic: الْنُّور ; "The Light") and verse 59, Surah 33 ( Al-Aḥzāb (/wiki/Al-A%E1%B8%A5z%C4%81b) ; Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : الأحزاب ; "The Clans"). [66] (#cite_note-DimDab-66) Verse 31 of Sura 24 says, "Say to the believing women [...] that they should draw their veils ( khumur , s. khimar (/wiki/Khimar) ) over their bosoms ( juyub , s. jayb ) and not display their beauty" [ Quran (/wiki/Quran) 24:31–32 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0004%3Asura%3D24%3Averse%3D31) ( Translated (/wiki/Quran_translations) by Yusuf Ali (/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali) )] . Only the mahram (/wiki/Mahram) (unmarriageable) relatives are exempt from this strict code. [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) Verse 59 of Sura 33 says, "Tell [...] the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments ( jalabib , s. jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) ) over their persons" [Quran 33:59–60 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0004%3Asura%3D33%3Averse%3D59) ( Translated (/wiki/Quran_translations) by Yusuf Ali (/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali) )] . Jilbab and khimar are the only two women's clothing items mentioned in the Quran. [69] (#cite_note-Moghs-69) Women used to wear clothes that were parted at the front to expose the breasts when the verses were revealed. [70] (#cite_note-EmbMoMed-70) [69] (#cite_note-Moghs-69) [71] (#cite_note-RLSM589-71) [72] (#cite_note-ZiaSar-72) These verses were later interpreted as requiring the complete covering of women's bodies. [69] (#cite_note-Moghs-69) [71] (#cite_note-RLSM589-71) [72] (#cite_note-ZiaSar-72) Some Islamic clerics and scholars, including Ibn Taymiyyah (/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah) , argued that the entire female body is "a shameful part" ( awrah (/wiki/Awrah) ) and therefore is to be covered entirely, with a niqab (/wiki/Niqab) or burqa (/wiki/Burqa) , centuries after the time of Muhammad (/wiki/Muhammad) . [66] (#cite_note-DimDab-66) [70] (#cite_note-EmbMoMed-70) According to Egyptian historian Sayyid-Marsot (/wiki/Afaf_Lutfi_al-Sayyid-Marsot) , male Islamic scholars ( ulama (/wiki/Ulama) , s. alim ) since the 18th century started interpreting that a woman's whole body needs to be entirely covered. [69] (#cite_note-Moghs-69) But as late as in the 1980s, women of the Al-Akhdam (/wiki/Al-Akhdam) (servant) class in Yemen and baladi (/wiki/Baladi) (folk) women of Egypt still wore cleavage revealing clothes as the Islamic dress codes were not universally applied. [69] (#cite_note-Moghs-69) [71] (#cite_note-RLSM589-71) In the early 21st century Muslim world (/wiki/Muslim_world) , there is a popular consensus that modesty requires coverage of any cleavage. [73] (#cite_note-73) Breastfeeding practices [ edit ] Further information: Breastfeeding in public (/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public) Breastfeeding advocate Maria Miller argued that the American obsession with breasts is caused by American men's and women's unfamiliarity with the extraordinary variety of normal breasts and their ignorance of "what the breast is really for". [74] (#cite_note-74) In Alexandre Guillaume Mouslier de Moissy (/wiki/Alexandre_Guillaume_Mouslier_de_Moissy) 's 1771 play La Vraie Mère ("The True Mother"), the title character rebukes her husband for treating her as an object for his sexual gratification; "Are your senses so gross as to look on these breasts—the respectable treasures of nature—as merely an embellishment, destined to ornament the chest of women?". [75] (#cite_note-75) In the 18th century, biologists and philosophers like Carl Linnaeus (/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau) attempted to popularize the idea of breastfeeding of one's own children as natural and fashionable. [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) According to Valerie Steele (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) , director of Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) , "For centuries (even in the Judeo-Christian (/wiki/Judeo-Christian) and Islamic worlds), the sight of a woman nursing was accepted as normal. This factor contributed to the fairly rapid acceptance of dresses with low necklines, which were introduced in the fifteenth century." [77] (#cite_note-77) Since emerging in the Christian West (/wiki/Christian_West) , the early décolleté dresses—which were termed by French court historian Jean Froissart (/wiki/Jean_Froissart) as "the smile of the bustline"—had increasingly plunging necklines because the Renaissance celebrated the beauty of the unclothed human body. Moralists (/wiki/Moralism) , who blamed any number of chest illness on bare cleavage, were shocked by the development. [78] (#cite_note-78) Downblouse [ edit ] " Downblouse " is the act of looking down a woman's dress or top to observe or photograph her cleavage or breasts. It may occur as a form of voyeurism (/wiki/Voyeurism) or sexual fetishism (/wiki/Sexual_fetishism) . In some jurisdictions it is a sexual offense (/wiki/Sexual_offense) . The issue has been publicly discussed during the 21st century, [79] (#cite_note-Luppi-79) [80] (#cite_note-80) although the term downblouse has been used in English since 1994. [81] (#cite_note-81) The popularity of covert (/wiki/Covert_photography) downblouse and upskirt (/wiki/Upskirt) photography has increased with the proliferation of camera phones (/wiki/Camera_phone) since 2000. [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) [84] (#cite_note-Aggra-84) NASUWT (/wiki/NASUWT) , a UK teachers' union, reported an upward trend in such pictures at schools in 2018. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) Many of these covertly taken pictures are uploaded to websites, [84] (#cite_note-Aggra-84) [87] (#cite_note-PWright-87) including pornographic websites (/wiki/Pornographic_websites) like Pornhub (/wiki/Pornhub) , XVideos (/wiki/XVideos) and xHamster (/wiki/XHamster) , [87] (#cite_note-PWright-87) as well as subreddits (/wiki/Subreddit) like r/CreepShots (/wiki/R/CreepShots) . [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-Merino-89) Some websites host tutorials on taking downblouse and upskirt pictures. [90] (#cite_note-90) As early as 2004, Google (/wiki/Google_Search) listed about four million websites that were tagged with "upskirt" and "downblouse". [91] (#cite_note-91) Some jurisdictions, including the UK, Germany, and a number of American [89] (#cite_note-Merino-89) and Australian states, have statutes that prohibit such covert photography. [79] (#cite_note-Luppi-79) [92] (#cite_note-92) In the UK, people who take such pictures and post them online can be listed on the sex offender registry (/wiki/Sex_offender_registry) , [87] (#cite_note-PWright-87) and in Japan the government has pressured mobile phone manufacturers to make their phones produce a warning sound whenever such pictures are taken. [79] (#cite_note-Luppi-79) These types of offenses "largely [go] unreported" and, according to Maria Miller (/wiki/Maria_Miller) , chair of the Women and Equalities Committee (/wiki/Women_and_Equalities_Committee) , the legal provisions are inadequate. [87] (#cite_note-PWright-87) [89] (#cite_note-Merino-89) [93] (#cite_note-93) Controversies [ edit ] Despite a long history (#History) , display of cleavage can still be controversial. [94] (#cite_note-94) UK women's magazine Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) in 2017 and Indian newspaper Mid-Day (/wiki/Mid-Day) in 2019 reported " cleavage shaming (/wiki/Slut-shaming) " was commonplace in news and social media. [95] (#cite_note-95) [96] (#cite_note-96) Female Bollywood actors Disha Patani (/wiki/Disha_Patani) , Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) , Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) , Nargis Fakhri (/wiki/Nargis_Fakhri) and others were trolled (/wiki/Internet_trolling) and shamed for wearing cleavage-baring outfits in social and new media, including in the Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . [97] (#cite_note-97) Extraordinary attention was generated when politicians Angela Merkel (/wiki/Angela_Merkel) , Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) and Jacqui Smith (/wiki/Jacqui_Smith) wore cleavage-revealing outfits even from media outlets The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) and The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) As late as the 2010s, reports from many different states and countries showed female students, especially non-white students, had been expelled and banned from schools, and punished for wearing dresses that reveal cleavage and legs. [101] (#cite_note-101) [102] (#cite_note-102) [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-104) At the same time, there also has been reports of passengers of airlines, including Southwest Airlines (/wiki/Southwest_Airlines) , Spirit Airlines (/wiki/Spirit_Airlines) and EasyJet (/wiki/EasyJet) , were instructed against and evicted for showing "too much cleavage". [105] (#cite_note-105) In 2014, a television series called The Empress of China (/wiki/The_Empress_of_China) was taken off-air in China days after its premier because of too much cleavage; the show was aired again after much censorship. [106] (#cite_note-Empress-106) In the next year, organizers of ChinaJoy (/wiki/ChinaJoy) , the largest gaming and digital entertainment exhibition held in China, [107] (#cite_note-107) levied a fine of US$800 on women who revealed "more than two centimeters of cleavage". [108] (#cite_note-108) As of 2011 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleavage_(breasts)&action=edit) , women in Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan were required to completely cover their bodies; [109] (#cite_note-109) Iranian law required the wearing of a chador (/wiki/Chador) (over-cloak) or a hijab (/wiki/Hijab) (head scarf), [110] (#cite_note-110) and in Egypt, the exposure of cleavage in the media was considered to be nudity. [111] (#cite_note-111) Various other presentation of clothed breasts, like side cleavage (#sideboob) and bottom cleavage (#underboob) , are also regulated by law in some U.S. counties (/wiki/County_(United_States)) . [112] (#cite_note-Bussel-112) Both were banned by CBS (/wiki/CBS) as "bare sides or under curvature of the breasts is also problematic" at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/55th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) in 2013. [113] (#cite_note-Parker-113) Underboob was banned in Springfield, Missouri (/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri) in 2015 after a Free the Nipple (/wiki/Free_the_Nipple) rally. [114] (#cite_note-Spara-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) Thailand banned selfies showing underboob with provisions for up to five years in jail in 2016. [116] (#cite_note-Thai-116) Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) subsidiary Twitch (/wiki/Twitch_(service)) , a live video streaming service, banned underboobs and instructed on the amount of cleavage permissible in 2020. [117] (#cite_note-117) Theories [ edit ] See also: Evolutionary psychology (/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology) Perceived fertility ratings as a function of breast size and intermammary cleft distance. This was investigated by having participants of both sexes rate manipulated images of female breasts on how fertile they appeared. [118] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-118) Hypothetically, non- paraphilic (/wiki/Paraphilic) sexual attraction to breasts is a result of their function as a secondary sex characteristic. The breasts play roles in both sexual pleasure and reproduction. [119] (#cite_note-119) According to the American Psychiatric Association (/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association) 's DSM-5 (/wiki/DSM-5) , sexual attraction to breasts is normal unless it is highly atypical and is therefore a form of partialism (/wiki/Partialism) . [120] (#cite_note-120) According to psychiatrist Larry Young, attraction to breasts "is a brain organization effect that occurs in straight males when they go through puberty." [121] (#cite_note-NWSP-121) According to sociologist Anthony Joseph Paul Cortese, the cleavage area between the breasts is "perhaps the epicentre" of display of female sexual attractiveness and stimulation of male sexual interest. [122] (#cite_note-122) According to social historian David Kunzle, waist confinement and décolletage are the primary sexualization (/wiki/Sexualization) devices of Western costume. [123] (#cite_note-craik-123) According to music writer Ben Watson (/wiki/Ben_Watson_(music_writer)) in Art, Class and Cleavage ( Quartet Books (/wiki/Quartet_Books) , 1998), the deployment of cleavage punctures through art's "spiritual pretensions" and alerts about the bodily roots of all culture. [124] (#cite_note-124) Vincenz Czerny (/wiki/Vincenz_Czerny) , one of the early surgeons to perform a breast surgery, believed the aesthetics of cleavage to be a sign of symmetry and hence beauty. [125] (#cite_note-125) A study published in 2020 found intermammary distance (IMD), or cleavage gap, is one of the major influences on people's perception about a woman's fertility, health and age; accordingly, surgeon Gregory Evans recommends an intermammary distance between 2 and 3 centimetres (0.79 and 1.18 in). [118] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-118) [126] (#cite_note-Gregory_Evans_page_360-126) Another study found women who display cleavage are more often identified as "voluptuous" than women who do not. [127] (#cite_note-127) Evolutionary perspective [ edit ] Zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris (/wiki/Desmond_Morris) , author of The Naked Ape , theorized that female human breasts as a sexual signal imitates the cleft between the buttocks that is a prevalent signal among other apes. [128] (#cite_note-128) Evolutionary psychologist David M. Buss explains that female humans evolved to have permanently enlarged mammary glands, unlike all other 222 primates. [46] (#cite_note-KaKe-46) Functional anatomist Owen Lovejoy (/wiki/Owen_Lovejoy) ("The origin of man", 1981) suggests, partly based on speculations by Morris, that prominent breasts among female Australopithecines (/wiki/Australopithecine) helped attract males and cement the pair-bond (/wiki/Pair-bond) necessary for further physical and cultural evolution toward modern humanity. [129] (#cite_note-129) Evolutionary psychologists theorize humans' permanently enlarged breasts, in contrast to other primates' breasts—which only become enlarged during ovulation (/wiki/Ovulation) —allowed females to "solicit male attention and investment even when they are not really fertile". [130] (#cite_note-130) Hence breast and buttock cleavages, sharing a similarity between their appearances, are considered to be erotic in many societies. [131] (#cite_note-131) Another school of thought in evolutionary psychology (/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology) supports the view, that it was 'Nature's plan" to make large-breasted females to appear more attractive to males, because large breasts have an evolutionary advantage in providing breast milk (/wiki/Breast_milk) to their off-springs. [132] (#cite_note-132) Historical perspective [ edit ] American cultural anthropologist Katherine Ann Dettwyler (/wiki/Katherine_Ann_Dettwyler) , proposed that men are not necessarily biologically drawn to breasts as "humans can learn to view breasts as sexually attractive." [133] (#cite_note-133) [121] (#cite_note-NWSP-121) Author Elizabeth Gould Davis (/wiki/Elizabeth_Gould_Davis) said breasts, along with phalluses (/wiki/Phallus) , were revered by the women of Çatalhöyük (/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk) as instruments of motherhood but after a " patriarchal (/wiki/Patriarchy) revolution", when men had appropriated both phallus worship and "the breast fetish" for themselves, these organs "acquired the erotic significance with which they are now endowed". [134] (#cite_note-134) Some scholars argue that it is important that the breast is partly or fully covered to be erotic. [135] (#cite_note-135) French semiotician (/wiki/Semiotics) Roland Barthes (/wiki/Roland_Barthes) observed, "Woman is desexualized at the very moment when she is stripped naked"; [136] (#cite_note-136) while historical commentator Susan L. Stanton observes, "There is no mystery in a naked breast, there is no need to fantasize about what is beneath the clothing." [137] (#cite_note-137) According to author Marilyn Yalom (/wiki/Marilyn_Yalom) in A History of the Breast , around these times, [ timeframe? ] male thinkers decided a nursing mother's breasts were both erotic and a source of nourishment for future citizens of the nation. [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) According to psychologist Richard D. McAnulty, when breasts are hypersexualized, they are not perceived as a body part to breastfeed infants. Therefore, exposure of the breast, such as in public breastfeeding, is considered embarrassing. [123] (#cite_note-craik-123) Science journalist Natalie Angier (/wiki/Natalie_Angier) shifts from using the term "functional" to using the term "maternal" to describe the "non-aesthetic breast" in her book Woman: An Intimate Geography (1999). [138] (#cite_note-138) In the same book, she argues human fascination with full cleavage may be a result of our fascination with round objects and attraction towards well-defined curves. [139] (#cite_note-139) History [ edit ] Main article: History of cleavage (/wiki/History_of_cleavage) Ancient [ edit ] Princess Nofret (/wiki/Nofret) (27th century BCE) of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) Minoan snake goddess (/wiki/Minoan_snake_goddess_figurines) (17th century BCE) In 2600 BCE (/wiki/Common_Era) , princess Nofret (/wiki/Nofret) of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt) was depicted wearing a V-neck (/wiki/V-neck) gown with a plunging neckline that exposed ample cleavage that was further emphasized by an elaborate necklace and prominently protruding nipples. [140] (#cite_note-olson-140) [141] (#cite_note-141) In ancient Minoan culture (/wiki/Minoan_culture) , women wore clothes that complemented slim waists and full breasts. One of the better-known features of ancient Minoan fashion is breast exposure; women wore tops that could be arranged to completely cover or expose their breasts, with bodices to accentuate their cleavage. [142] (#cite_note-142) [143] (#cite_note-143) In 1600 BCE, snake goddess (/wiki/Minoan_snake_goddess_figurines) figurines with open dress-fronts revealing entire breasts, were sculpted in Minos (/wiki/Minos) . [140] (#cite_note-olson-140) By that time, Cretan women in Knossos (/wiki/Knossos) were wearing ornamental fitted bodices with open cleavage, sometimes with a peplum (/wiki/Peplos) . [144] (#cite_note-144) Another set of Minoan figurines from 1500 BCE show women in bare-bosomed corsets. [145] (#cite_note-145) [146] (#cite_note-146) Ancient Greek women adorned their cleavage with a long pendant necklace called a kathema . [147] (#cite_note-147) The ancient Greek goddess Hera (/wiki/Hera) is described in the Iliad (/wiki/Iliad) to have worn something like an early version of a push-up bra festooned with "brooches of gold" and "a hundred tassels" to increase her cleavage to divert Zeus (/wiki/Zeus) from the Trojan War (/wiki/Trojan_War) . [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) Women in Greek and Roman civilizations had at times used breastbands like taenia in Rome to enhance smaller busts but more often, women of the masculine Greco-Roman world, where unisex clothes were often preferred, used breastbands like apodesmes in Greece, and fascia or mamillare in Rome to suppress their breasts. Among these mamillare was a particularly strict leather corset for suppressing women with big busts. [148] (#cite_note-148) [52] (#cite_note-EloVau-52) A silver coin that was found in South Arabia in the 3rd century BCE shows a buxom foreign ruler with much décolletage and an elaborate coiffure (/wiki/Coiffure) . [149] (#cite_note-149) Rabbi Aha b. Raba (/wiki/Aha_b._Raba) ( c. 5th century ) and Nathan the Babylonian (/wiki/Nathan_the_Babylonian) ( c. 2nd century ) measured the appropriate size of the cleavage as "of one hand-breadth (/wiki/Hand-breadth) between a woman's breasts". [150] (#cite_note-150) Medieval [ edit ] Courtiers in China during the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) ( c. 706 ), when the décolletage was quite liberal. [151] (#cite_note-Hins-151) 2014 Chinese TV series The Empress of China (/wiki/The_Empress_of_China) was briefly pulled off-air for showing the abundance of cleavage in Tang courts. [106] (#cite_note-Empress-106) During the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) (7th to 9th centuries), women in China were increasingly freer than before and by the mid-Tang, their décolleté dresses became quite liberated. [152] (#cite_note-152) The Tang women inherited the traditional ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) gown and modified it by opening up the collar to expose their cleavage, which had previously been unimaginable. [153] (#cite_note-153) Rather than the conservative garments worn by earlier Chinese women, women of the Tang era deliberately emphasized their cleavage. [151] (#cite_note-Hins-151) The popular style of the era was long gowns of soft fabrics that were cut with a pronounced décolletage and very wide sleeves, or a décolleté knee-length gown that was worn over a skirt. [154] (#cite_note-154) Between the 11th and 16th centuries, the prevailing décolleté clothes of women of Punjab (/wiki/Punjab) , Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) and Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) in India were replaced with covered bosoms and long veils as the region increasingly came under foreign control. [155] (#cite_note-155) During this period, elaborate, opulent courtly dresses with wide décolletage became popular in the Italian maritime states of Venice (/wiki/Republic_of_Venice) , Genoa (/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa) and Florence (/wiki/Republic_of_Florence) . [156] (#cite_note-MaryBig-156) Until the 12th century, the Christian West was not cleavage friendly but a change in attitude occurred by the 14th century with France leading the way, [157] (#cite_note-CFors-157) when necklines were lowered, clothes were tightened and breasts were once again flaunted. [158] (#cite_note-histoire_mode-158) Décolleté gowns were introduced in the 15th century. [159] (#cite_note-159) In a breast-rating system that was invented at the time, the highest rating was given to breasts that were "small, white, round like apples, hard, firm, and wide apart". [157] (#cite_note-CFors-157) Women started squeezing the breasts and applying makeup to make their cleavage more attractive; [160] (#cite_note-160) cleavage was termed the "smile of the bustline" by contemporaneous Belgian chronicler Jean Froissart. [161] (#cite_note-161) A contemporaneous French courtesy manual La Clef d'Amors advised, "If you have a beautiful chest and a beautiful neck do not cover them up but your dress should be low cut so that everyone can gaze and gape after them". Contemporaneous poet Eustache Deschamps (/wiki/Eustache_Deschamps) advised "a wide-open neckline and a tight dress with slits through which the breasts and the throat could be more visible". [157] (#cite_note-CFors-157) The French Catholic Church (/wiki/French_Catholic_Church) , however, tried to discourage the flaunting of cleavage. It mandated the cleavage, which it referred to as "the gates of hell", and the opening on woman's bodices be laced. French priest Oliver Maillard (/wiki/Oliver_Maillard) said women who exposed their breasts would be "strung up in hell by their udders". Monarchs like Charles VII of France (/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France) ignored the church. It was common for women in his court to wear bodices through which their breasts, cleavage and nipples could be seen. [157] (#cite_note-CFors-157) In 1450, Agnès Sorel (/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel) , mistress to Charles VII, started a fashion trend when she wore deep, low, square décolleté gowns with fully bared breasts in the French court. [158] (#cite_note-histoire_mode-158) Early modern [ edit ] Rajput painting (/wiki/Rajput_painting) of Chitrashala Dancer from Bundi (/wiki/Bundi) ( c. 1640s ) showing exposed underboob (#underboob) , which remained banned by laws and policies as late as 2020 in many places from the U.S. to Thailand [112] (#cite_note-Bussel-112) [113] (#cite_note-Parker-113) [114] (#cite_note-Spara-114) [116] (#cite_note-Thai-116) Across Europe, décolletage was often a feature of the dress of the late Middle Ages; this continued through the Victorian period (/wiki/Victorian_period) . Gowns that exposed a woman's neck and the top of her chest were very common and uncontroversial in Europe from at least the 11th century until the mid-19th century. Ball gowns and evening gowns especially had low, square décolletage that was designed to display and emphasize cleavage. [162] (#cite_note-Gernsheimpp-162) [163] (#cite_note-DesmondMorris-163) In many European societies between the Renaissance and the 19th century, wearing low-cut dresses that exposed one or both breasts was more acceptable than it is in the early 21st century; bared female legs, ankles and shoulders were considered to be more risqué than exposed breasts. [164] (#cite_note-164) [165] (#cite_note-165) Portrait of an unknown woman, with breast exposed, c. 1670 by Peter Lely (/wiki/Peter_Lely) In aristocratic and upper-class circles, the display of breasts was at times regarded as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) ; a sign of beauty, wealth and social position. [166] (#cite_note-166) The bared breast invoked associations with nude sculptures of classical Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) that influenced the art, sculpture and architecture of the period. [167] (#cite_note-Nigel_Llewellyn_1660-167) In mid-16th-century Turkey, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent) , respectability regulations allowed "respectable" women to wear fashionable dresses with exposed cleavage; this privilege was denied to "prostitutes" so they could not draw attention to their livelihoods. [168] (#cite_note-168) The entari (/w/index.php?title=Entari&action=edit&redlink=1) , a popular women's garment of the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) , resembled the corseted bodice of Europe without the corset; its narrow top and narrow, long, plunging décolletage exposed a generous cleavage. [169] (#cite_note-169) [170] (#cite_note-170) Around this time, cleavage-revealing gambaz (/w/index.php?title=Gambaz&action=edit&redlink=1) gowns became accepted among married women in the Levant (/wiki/Levant) , where bosoms were regarded as a sign of maternity. [171] (#cite_note-171) In 16th-century India, during the Mughal Empire (/wiki/Mughal_Empire) , Hindu women started emulating the overdressed conquerors by covering their shoulders and breasts, [172] (#cite_note-172) though in contemporaneous paintings, women of Mughal palaces were often portrayed wearing Rajput-style cholis [173] (#cite_note-173) and breast jewelry. [174] (#cite_note-174) Mughal paintings (/wiki/Mughal_painting) often portrayed women with extraordinarily daring décolletage. [175] (#cite_note-175) Contemporaneous Rajput paintings (/wiki/Rajput_painting) often depict women wearing semi-transparent cholis that cover only the upper part of their breasts. [176] (#cite_note-176) In the 16th century, when Spanish conquistadors (/wiki/Conquistador) colonized the Inca Empire (/wiki/Inca_Empire) , traditional cleavage-revealing and colorful Inca dresses were replaced by high necks and covered bosoms. [177] (#cite_note-177) In European societies during the 16th century, women's fashions with exposed breasts were common across the class spectrum. Anne of Brittany (/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany) has been painted wearing a dress with a square neckline. Low, square décolleté styles were popular in 17th-century England; Queen Mary II (/wiki/Mary_II_of_England) and Henrietta Maria (/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France) , wife of Charles I of England (/wiki/Charles_I_of_England) , were depicted with widely bared breasts. Architect Inigo Jones (/wiki/Inigo_Jones) designed a masque (/wiki/Masque) costume for Henrietta Maria (/wiki/Henrietta_Maria) that widely revealed both of her breasts. [167] (#cite_note-Nigel_Llewellyn_1660-167) [178] (#cite_note-178) Cleavage-enhancing corsets, which used whalebone (/wiki/Whalebone) and other stiff materials to create a desired silhouette—a fashion that was also adopted by men for their coats—were introduced in the mid-16th century. [179] (#cite_note-179) [180] (#cite_note-180) Anne of Austria (/wiki/Anne_of_Austria) , Queen of France, was an early 17th century fashion icon wearing dresses that showcased her cleavage. [181] (#cite_note-181) [182] (#cite_note-182) Throughout the 16th century, shoulder straps stayed on the shoulders but as the 17th century progressed, they moved down the shoulders and across the top of the arms, and by the mid-17th century, the oval neckline of the period became commonplace. By the end of the century, necklines at the front of women's garments started to drop even lower. [183] (#cite_note-183) During the extreme décolletage of the Elizabethan era (/wiki/Elizabethan_era) , necklines were often decorated with frills and strings of pearls, and were sometimes covered with tuckers and partlets (/wiki/Partlet) (called a tasselo in Italy [184] (#cite_note-184) and la modiste in France). [185] (#cite_note-185) [186] (#cite_note-186) [187] (#cite_note-187) Late Elizabethan corsets, with their rigid, suppressive fronts, manipulated a woman's figure into a flat, cylindrical silhouette (/wiki/Silhouette#Fashion_and_fitness) with a deep cleavage. [188] (#cite_note-188) Around 1610, flat collars started replacing neck trims, allowing provocative cleavage that was sometimes covered with a handkerchief. [189] (#cite_note-189) During the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , pendants became popular as décolletage decoration. [190] (#cite_note-190) Anne of Austria (/wiki/Anne_of_Austria) , along with female members of her court, was known for wearing very tight bodices and corsets (/wiki/Corset) that forced breasts together to make deeper cleavage, very low necklines that exposed breasts almost in entirety above the areolae, and pendants lying on the cleavage to highlight it. [140] (#cite_note-olson-140) After the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) décolletage become larger at the front and reduced at the back. [191] (#cite_note-191) During the fashions of 1795–1820 (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_fashion) , many women wore dresses that bared necks, bosoms and shoulders. [140] (#cite_note-olson-140) Increasingly, the amount of décolletage became a major difference between day-wear and formal gowns. [192] (#cite_note-192) Cleavage was not without controversy. In 1713, British newspaper The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian_(1713)) complained about women forgoing their tuckers (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tucker) , and keeping their necks and tops of breasts uncovered. English poet and essayist Joseph Addison (/wiki/Joseph_Addison) complained about décolletage so extreme "the neck of a fine woman at present take in almost half the body". Publications advised women against "unmasking their beauties". 18th-century news correspondents wrote that "otherwise polite, genteel women looked like common prostitutes". [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) During the French Enlightenment (/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment) , there was a debate about whether female breasts were merely a sensual enticement or a natural gift to be offered from mother to child. Not all women in France wore the open-neck style without modifications; a self-portrait by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_Labille-Guiard) (France, 1785) shows the painter in a fashionable décolleté dress while her pupils have their bosoms accessorized with gauzy handkerchiefs. [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) Nearly a century later, also in France, a man from the provinces who attended a court ball at the Tuileries (/wiki/Tuileries) in Paris in 1855 was disgusted by the décolleté dresses and is said to have said; "I haven't seen anything like that since I was weaned!". [193] (#cite_note-Gernsheim,_Alison_page_43-193) In 1890, the first breast augmentation was performed using an injection of liquid paraffin (/wiki/Liquid_paraffin_(drug)) . [194] (#cite_note-Weinz-194) Late modern [ edit ] Detail of Portrait of Madame X (/wiki/Portrait_of_Madame_X) (1884) by John Singer Sargent (/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent) , whose cleavage caused enough controversy for Sargent to re-paint and make the cleavage less daring. [195] (#cite_note-195) By the end of the 18th century in Continental Europe (/wiki/Continental_Europe) , cleavage-enhancing corsets grew more dramatic, pushing the breasts upward. [196] (#cite_note-196) The tight lacing of corsets worn in the 19th and early 20th centuries emphasized both cleavage and the size of the bust and hips. Evening gowns and ball gowns were especially designed to display and emphasize the décolletage. [162] (#cite_note-Gernsheimpp-162) [163] (#cite_note-DesmondMorris-163) Elaborate necklaces decorated the décolletage at parties and balls by 1849. [197] (#cite_note-197) There was also a trend of wearing camisole (/wiki/Camisole) -like clothes and whale-bone corsets that gave the wearer a bust without a separation or any cleavage. [198] (#cite_note-198) Despite the contemporaneous popularity of décolletage dresses, complete exposure of breasts in portraits was limited to two groups of women; the scandalous (mistresses and prostitutes), and the pure (breastfeeding mothers and queens). [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) In North America, the Gilded Age (/wiki/Gilded_Age) saw women adorning their cleavage with flowers attached to clothes and carefully placed jewelry. [199] (#cite_note-199) During the Victorian period (/wiki/Victorian_era) of the mid-to-late 19th century, social attitudes required women to cover their bosoms in public. High collars were the norm for ordinary wear. Towards the end of this period, the full collar was in fashion, though some décolleté dresses were worn on formal occasions. [193] (#cite_note-Gernsheim,_Alison_page_43-193) For that purpose, the Bertha neckline (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)#Collar_styles) , which lay below the shoulders and was often trimmed with three to six inches (7.6 to 15.2 cm) of lace or other decorative material, became popular with upper and middle-class women but it was socially unacceptable for working-class women to expose that much skin. [200] (#cite_note-200) [201] (#cite_note-201) Multiple pearl necklaces were worn to cover the décolletage. [202] (#cite_note-202) Along with the Bertha neckline, straps were removed from corsets and shawls were made essential. [203] (#cite_note-AO-203) By 1904, necklines of evening attire were lowered, exposing the shoulders, sometimes without straps but the neckline still ended above the cleavage. [204] (#cite_note-204) Clergymen all over the world were shocked when dresses with modest round or V-shaped necklines became fashionable around 1913. In the German Empire (/wiki/German_Empire) , Roman Catholic bishops joined to issue a pastoral letter attacking the new fashions. [205] (#cite_note-205) In the Edwardian era (/wiki/Edwardian_era) , extreme uplift with no hint of cleavage was as common as a bow-fronted look that was also popular. [206] (#cite_note-206) In 1908, a single rubber pad or a "bust form" was worn inside the front of the bodice to make cleavage virtually undetectable. [207] (#cite_note-207) The Flapper (/wiki/Flapper) generation of 1920s flattened their chests to adopt the fashionable "boy-girl" look by either bandaging their breasts or by using bust latteners. [208] (#cite_note-Komar-208) Corsets started to go out of fashion by 1917, when metal was needed to make tanks and munitions for World War I [209] (#cite_note-JForbes-209) and due to the vogue for boyish figures. [210] (#cite_note-JFields-210) In New Zealand, the early appearance of décolleté clothes in 1914 was soon superseded by the "flat" fashion. [211] (#cite_note-211) Breast suppression prevailed in the Western world so much the U.S. physician Lillian Farrar attributed "virginal atrophic prolapsed breasts" to the fashion imperatives of the time. [212] (#cite_note-212) In 1920, paraffin was replaced for breast augmentation with fatty tissue taken from the abdomen and buttocks. [194] (#cite_note-Weinz-194) Italian soprano (/wiki/Soprano) Lina Cavalieri (/wiki/Lina_Cavalieri) , known for her décolletage as much as her talent, [213] (#cite_note-213) at the turn of the 20th century. Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , in Some Like It Hot (/wiki/Some_Like_It_Hot) (1959). She was voted a cleavage queen 50 years after her death. [214] (#cite_note-214) In 1914, New York socialite Mary Phelps Jacob (better known as Caresse Crosby (/wiki/Caresse_Crosby) ) patented the garment as "the backless brassiere"; after making a few hundred garments, she sold the patent to The Warner Brothers Corset Company (/wiki/Warner_Brothers_Corset_Company) for US$1,500. In the next 30 years, Warner Brothers made more than US$15 million from Jacob's design. [209] (#cite_note-JForbes-209) [215] (#cite_note-Deccan-215) [216] (#cite_note-MKetch-216) During the next century, the brassière industry went through many ups and downs, often influenced by the demand for cleavage. [217] (#cite_note-HillRuby-217) With a return to more womanly figures in the 1930s, corsetry maintained a strong demand, even at the height of the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) . [210] (#cite_note-JFields-210) From the 1920s to the 1940s, corset manufacturers constantly tried training young women to use corsets [218] (#cite_note-218) but fashions became more restrained in terms of décolletage while exposure of the leg became more accepted in Western societies during World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) and remained so for nearly half a century. [219] (#cite_note-219) In the Republic of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) in the early 20th century, qipao (/wiki/Qipao) , a dress that shows the legs but no cleavage, became so popular many Chinese women consider it as their national dress. [220] (#cite_note-220) [221] (#cite_note-221) In the 1940s, a substantial amount of fabric in the center of brassières created a separation of breasts rather than a pushed-together cleavage. [222] (#cite_note-222) In 1947, Frederick Mellinger (/wiki/Frederick_Mellinger) of Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) created the first padded brassière followed a year later by an early push-up version dubbed "The Rising Star". [209] (#cite_note-JForbes-209) [215] (#cite_note-Deccan-215) In that decade, Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) introduced the " New Look (/wiki/Dior#"New_Look") " that included elastic corsets, pads and shaping girdles to widen hips, cinch waists and lift breasts. [223] (#cite_note-223) Under the Motion Picture Production Code (/wiki/Motion_Picture_Production_Code) , which was in effect in the U.S. between 1934 and 1968, the depiction of excessive cleavage was not permitted. [2] (#cite_note-Time-2) [9] (#cite_note-Slide-9) Many female actors defied those standards; other celebrities, performers and models followed suit and the public was not far behind. Low-cut styles of various depths were common. [224] (#cite_note-Pelling-224) In the post-war period, cleavage became a defining emblem; according to writer Peter Lewis; "The bust, bosom or cleavage was in the Fifties the apotheosis of erogenous zones. The breasts were the apples of all eyes." [225] (#cite_note-225) Around this time, the American word "cleavage" started to be used to define the space between the breasts. [226] (#cite_note-ACart-226) Early contemporary [ edit ] Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) at a Victoria's Secret fashion show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) . Lingerie manufacturers controlled and constructed the conventional bustline of the 1990s. [227] (#cite_note-227) In their heyday, Wonderbra sponsored a National Cleavage Day (/wiki/National_Cleavage_Day) in South Africa every year, [228] (#cite_note-228) [229] (#cite_note-229) and the webcast (/wiki/Webcast) of the Victoria's Secret fashion show became one of the Internet's biggest events. [230] (#cite_note-230) According to an urban American woman, during the 1950s, "At night... our shoulders were naked, our breasts half-bare". [231] (#cite_note-MJohns-231) Dramatic necklaces that emphasized the cleavage became popular at balls and parties in France. [232] (#cite_note-232) In the U.S., television shows tried to mask exposed cleavage with tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) [233] (#cite_note-233) and even sketches, illustrations and short stories in Reader's Digest (/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest) and Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post) depicted women with tiny waists, big buttocks and ample cleavage. [231] (#cite_note-MJohns-231) In this decade, Hollywood and the fashion industry successfully promoted large, cloven bustlines and falsies (/wiki/Falsies) , [224] (#cite_note-Pelling-224) the brassière industry started experimenting with the half-cup bra (/wiki/Demi-bra) (also known as demi-cup or shelf bra) to facilitate décolletage. [217] (#cite_note-HillRuby-217) Polyvinyl (/wiki/Polyvinyl) sacs were often the preferred implant to augment breasts into a fuller, more projected appearance. [194] (#cite_note-Weinz-194) Despite these developments, open presentation of cleavage was mostly limited to well-endowed female actors like Lana Turner (/wiki/Lana_Turner) , Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) (who was attributed with the revelation of America's "mammary madness" by journalist Marjorie Rosen (/wiki/Marjorie_Rosen) [234] (#cite_note-234) ), Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) , Jane Russell, Brigitte Bardot (/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot) , Jayne Mansfield (/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield) and Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) , who were as celebrated for their cleavage as for their beauty. While these movie stars significantly influenced the appearance of women's busts in this decade, the stylish 1950s sweaters were a safer substitute for many women. [224] (#cite_note-Pelling-224) [235] (#cite_note-235) [226] (#cite_note-ACart-226) Lingerie manufacturer Berlei (/wiki/Berlei) launched the "Hollywood Maxwell" brassière, claiming it to be a "favourite of film stars". [226] (#cite_note-ACart-226) Modern augmentation mammaplasty (/wiki/Breast_augmentation) began when Thomas Cronin and Frank Gerow developed the first silicone gel-filled breast prosthesis (/wiki/Breast_prosthesis) with Dow Corning Corporation (/wiki/Dow_Corning_Corporation) , and the first implanting operation took place the following year. [194] (#cite_note-Weinz-194) In the late 1960s, attention began to shift from the large bust to the trim lower torso, reasserting the need to diet, especially as new clothing fashions—brief, sheer, and close fitting—prohibited heavy reliance on foundation lingerie. Legs were comparatively less emphasized as elements of beauty. [236] (#cite_note-236) In the 1960s, driven by second-wave feminism (/wiki/Second-wave_feminism) , liberal politics (/wiki/Liberal_politics) and the free love (/wiki/Free_love) movement, a bra burning (/wiki/Bra_burning) movement arose to protest against—among various patriarchal imperatives—constructed cleavage and disciplined breasts. Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) and U.S. designer Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) experimented with a bra-less look on the runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) . [224] (#cite_note-Pelling-224) [208] (#cite_note-Komar-208) The increasingly casual styles of the 1960s led to a bra-less look when women who were unwilling to give up bras turned to soft bras that did not lift and "were as light and discreet as possible" but still provided support. [237] (#cite_note-237) [238] (#cite_note-238) Canadian government industry statistics (during the period sales figures were compiled by Industry Canada (/wiki/Industry_Canada) ), panties were considered "lingerie," rather than so-called "foundation undergarments" and are not part of this data set. From the 1960s, changes in fashion leaned towards increased displays of cleavage in films and television; Jane Russell and Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) were the biggest stars who led the fashion. [239] (#cite_note-239) In everyday life, low-cut dress styles became common, even for casual wear. [240] (#cite_note-240) Lingerie and shapewear manufacturers like Warner Brothers, Gossard (/wiki/Gossard_Limited) , Formfit (/wiki/Formfit) and Bali (/wiki/Bali_(lingerie)) took the opportunity to market plunge bras (#Corsetry_and_bras) with a lower gore (/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)) that was suitable for low-cut styles. [241] (#cite_note-241) In the early 1970s, it became common to leave top buttons on shirts and blouses open to display pectoral muscles (/wiki/Pectoral_muscles) and cleavage. [242] (#cite_note-AsSeen-242) Daring women and men of all ages wore tailored, buttoned-down shirts that were open from the breast-point to the navel in a " groovy (/wiki/Groovy) " style, with pendants, beads or medallions dangling on the chest, displaying a firm body achieved through exercise. [243] (#cite_note-SamB-243) [244] (#cite_note-AmyT-244) As a new masculine style evolved, gay men adopted a traditionally masculine or working-class style with "half-unbuttoned shirt above the sweaty chest" and tight jeans. [245] (#cite_note-Jim_Elledge_page_254-245) [246] (#cite_note-Joseph_P._Goodwin_page_18-246) During the 1980s, deep, plunging cleavage became more common and less risqué as the popularity of work-outs (/wiki/Work-out) and masculine shoulder-padded blazers increased. [208] (#cite_note-Komar-208) In 1985, designer Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) re-introduced the corset as a trendy way to enhance cleavage. [247] (#cite_note-247) It was followed in 1989 by Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , who dressed Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) in a pink corset. Soon, Westwood introduced an elastic-sided variant that worked as a balcony to push up the cleavage. [248] (#cite_note-248) The push-up bra and exaggerated cleavage became popular in the 1990s. In 1992, the bra and girdle industry in America posted sales of over US$1 billion. [217] (#cite_note-HillRuby-217) The Wonderbra (/wiki/Wonderbra) brand, which had existed elsewhere, entered the U.S. market in 1994 with a newly designed, cleavage-enhancing bra. [249] (#cite_note-249) [250] (#cite_note-250) [251] (#cite_note-SStall-251) Driven by a controversial advertising campaign that featured model Eva Herzigova (/wiki/Eva_Herzigova) 's cleavage, one Wonderbra was sold every 15 seconds shortly after the brand's launch, leading to first-year sales of US$120 million. [251] (#cite_note-SStall-251) [252] (#cite_note-252) [253] (#cite_note-253) The hypersexualized styles of Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) became a " zeitgeist (/wiki/Zeitgeist) " in the 1990s. [254] (#cite_note-SethS-254) By 2013, Victoria's Secret had captured one-third of the women's underwear market in the U.S. [254] (#cite_note-SethS-254) In the early 1990s, Sara Lee Corporation (/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation) —hen owner of the Wonderbra and Playtex (/wiki/Playtex) brands—along with UK lingerie manufacturer Gossard Limited, introduced a bra for Asian women who, according to Sara Lee, are "less buxom [and have] narrower shoulders". [255] (#cite_note-255) Traditional brands like Maidenform (/wiki/Maidenform) produced similar styles. [256] (#cite_note-256) Late contemporary [ edit ] "Sideboob" redirects here. For the English Teacher song, see This Could Be Texas (/wiki/This_Could_Be_Texas) . Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) actress Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) wearing a sideboob (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sideboob) gown Cosplayer (/wiki/Cosplay) dressing as Yoko Littner (/wiki/Yoko_Littner) in an underboob (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underboob) bikini top Underwire bras (/wiki/Underwire_bra) , the most popular cleavage-boosting lingerie, accounted for 60% of the UK bra market in 2000 [257] (#cite_note-257) and 70% in 2005. [258] (#cite_note-258) About 70% of women who wear bras wear a steel underwire bra according to underwear manufacturer S&S Industries of New York in 2009. [259] (#cite_note-Goo-259) In 2001, 70% (350 million) of the bras sold in the U.S. were underwire bras. [260] (#cite_note-Tucek-260) [259] (#cite_note-Goo-259) As of 2005, underwire bras were the fastest-growing segment of the market. [261] (#cite_note-261) Corsets also experienced a resurgence in the 2010s; this trend was driven by photographs on social media. According to fashion historian Valerie Steele, "The corset did not so much disappear as become internalised through diet, exercise and plastic surgery". [262] (#cite_note-Saner-262) By the turn of the 21st century, some of the attention given to cleavage and breasts started to shift to buttocks, especially in the media, [263] (#cite_note-263) while corsetry returned to mainstream fashion. [262] (#cite_note-Saner-262) According to dietician Rebecca Scritchfield, the resurgent popularity of corsets is driven by "the picture on Instagram of somebody with a tiny waist and giant boobs". [262] (#cite_note-Saner-262) At the same time alternatives to décolletage, which were often still called cleavages, emerged from Western cleavage culture. [264] (#cite_note-264) Modern corset By the early 2000s, " sideboob" (also known as "side cleavage" [265] (#cite_note-Dun-265) [266] (#cite_note-lot-266) ), i.e. the exposure of the side of the breast had become popular. One writer called it the "new cleavage". [112] (#cite_note-Bussel-112) [266] (#cite_note-lot-266) [267] (#cite_note-267) [268] (#cite_note-268) In 2008, Armand Limnander (/wiki/Armand_Limnander) wrote in The New York Times the " underboob" (also known as "bottom cleavage" and "reverse cleavage" [265] (#cite_note-Dun-265) [266] (#cite_note-lot-266) ) was "a newly fetishized anatomical zone where the lower part of the breast meets the torso, popularized by 80s rock chicks in cutoff tank tops". [269] (#cite_note-269) It was further popularized by dancer-singer Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) in the music video for Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's 2016 song " Fade (/wiki/Fade_(Kanye_West_song)) ". [270] (#cite_note-270) Supermodels, including Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , and Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , contributed to the trend, [271] (#cite_note-271) which has appeared at beaches, on the red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) , and in social media posts. [272] (#cite_note-272) In the 2010s and early 2020s, cleavage-enhancing bras began to decline in popularity. [273] (#cite_note-273) [274] (#cite_note-274) Bralettes (/wiki/Bralette) and soft bras gained market share at the expense of underwire and padded bras, [275] (#cite_note-275) sometimes also serving as outerwear. [276] (#cite_note-Dyett-276) Some bralettes have plunging designs, light padding or bottom support. [277] (#cite_note-277) In November 2016, the UK version of fashion magazine Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) said "Cleavage is over"; this statement was widely criticized. [278] (#cite_note-278) Soft bras and sideboobs became popular over prominent cleavages. Soft bras consisted 30% of online retailer Net-a-Porter (/wiki/Net-a-Porter) 's bra sales by 2016. [279] (#cite_note-279) In 2017, the sales of cleavage-boosting bras fell by 45% while at Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) , sales of wire-free bras grew by 40%. [280] (#cite_note-280) Jess Cartner-Morley (/wiki/Jess_Cartner-Morley) , fashion editor of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , reported in 2018 many women were dressing without bras, producing a less-dramatic cleavage, which she called "quiet cleavage". [281] (#cite_note-281) According to Sarah Shotton, creative director of Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) , "Now it's about the athletic body, health and wellbeing" rather than the male gaze (/wiki/Male_gaze) . [282] (#cite_note-282) According to lingerie designer Araks Yeramyan, "It was #MeToo (#MeToo) that catapulted the bralette movement into what it is today". [276] (#cite_note-Dyett-276) During the COVID-19 lockdowns (/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns) , CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) reported a drop of 12% in bra sales across 100 retailers while YouTubers (/wiki/YouTuber) made tutorials on re-purposing bras as face masks; this trend was sometimes called a "lockdown liberation". [76] (#cite_note-TRob-76) Enhancement [ edit ] Throughout history, women have used many methods, including accentuation and display of breasts within the context of cultural norms of fashion and modesty, to enhance their physical attractiveness and femininity. Fetishization of breasts results in significant anxiety in women about having the correct breasts and resulting cleavage. All kinds of exercises, brassières and other methods of bust improvement have been recommended and advertised to cater for this need. [283] (#cite_note-283) Corsetry and bras [ edit ] See also: List of bra designs (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) Marie Tucek's "breast supporter" (1893), made of metal or cardboard plates covered with silk or canvas, from original patent application (/wiki/Patent_application) [260] (#cite_note-Tucek-260) [284] (#cite_note-284) Mary Phelps Jacob's (/wiki/Caresse_Crosby) "backless brassiere" (1914), made of two handkerchiefs and some ribbon, from original patent application Corsetry and bras are often used to enhance cleavage; author Nan McNab claims that “it has been said the quickest way for a woman to change her breasts is to buy a bra”. [285] (#cite_note-285) Before the brassière became popular, the bust was encased in corsets and structured garments called " bust improvers (#Tape_and_inserts) ", which were made of boning (/wiki/Bone_(corsetry)) and lace. [286] (#cite_note-286) [287] (#cite_note-287) When corsets became unfashionable, brassières and padding helped to project, display and emphasize the breasts. These were initially manufactured by small companies and supplied to retailers. Women had the choice of long-line bras, built-up backs, wedge-shaped inserts between the cups, wider straps, Lastex (/wiki/Lastex) , firm bands under the cup, and light boning. [288] (#cite_note-288) In 2020, several lingerie and shapewear manufacturers, among them Wonderbra, Frederick's of Hollywood, Agent Provocateur and Victoria's Secret, produce bras that enhance cleavage and offer more than 30 types of bra, including underwire, padded, plunge and push-up bras. [289] (#cite_note-289) [290] (#cite_note-290) Development of underwire bras started in the 1930s [291] (#cite_note-291) but they did not gain widespread popularity until the 1950s, when the end of World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) freed metal for domestic use. [292] (#cite_note-292) [293] (#cite_note-293) In an underwire bra, a thin strip of metal, plastic or resin—usually with a nylon coating at both ends—is sewn into the bra fabric and under each cup from the center gore to the armpit. The insert helps to lift, separate, shape and support the breasts. [259] (#cite_note-Goo-259) [294] (#cite_note-294) Underwire bras can rub and press against the breast, causing skin irritation and breast pain (/wiki/Mastodynia) , and the wire of a worn bra can protrude from the fabric. [295] (#cite_note-295) Padded bras have extra material, which may be foam, silicone, gel, air or fluid, in the cups to help the breasts look fuller. [296] (#cite_note-296) Different designs provide coverage and support, hide nipples, add shape to breasts that are far apart, and add comfort. Graduated padding has more padding at the bottom of the cups and gradually tapers towards the top. [297] (#cite_note-297) Plunge bra covers the nipples and the lower part of the breasts while leaving the top part bare, making it suitable for low-cut tops and deep V-necks. Plunge bras also have a lower, shorter and narrower center gore that maintains support while increasing cleavage by allowing the gore to drop several inches below the middle of the breasts. [298] (#cite_note-298) [299] (#cite_note-CHarr-299) [300] (#cite_note-300) [301] (#cite_note-301) Plunge bras may be padded or push the breasts together to create cleavage. [299] (#cite_note-CHarr-299) [302] (#cite_note-302) Push-up bras (/wiki/Push-up_bras) , which emerged in the mid-20th century, are designed to press the breasts upwards and closer together to give a fuller appearance with help of padded cups, differing from other padded bras in location of the pads. [303] (#cite_note-303) [251] (#cite_note-SStall-251) [304] (#cite_note-304) It leaves the upper and inner area of breasts uncovered adding more cleavage. Most of the push-up bras have underwires for added lift and support, while the padding is commonly made of foam. Wonderbra used to have 54 design elements in their push-up bras, including a three-part cup, underwires, a precision-angled back, rigid straps, and removable "cookies". [251] (#cite_note-SStall-251) In some forms of exercise, breasts unsupported by a sports bra are exposed to greater risk of droopiness (/wiki/Ptosis_(breasts)) . [305] (#cite_note-305) [306] (#cite_note-306) Author Taffy Brodesser-Akner claims that long hours wearing a sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) or a push-up bra (/wiki/Push-up_bra) that presses breasts together can cause cleavage wrinkles, as does spending long hours sleeping on the side, during which the top breast bend past the body's midline. The deep vertical creases of these wrinkles stay longer as the collagen (/wiki/Collagen) in skin start to break down with age and exposure to sun. Women with bigger breasts, either natural or surgically enhanced, suffer more from cleavage wrinkles. [307] (#cite_note-taffy-307) There have been claims of bra designs that minimize cleavage wrinkles. [308] (#cite_note-308) Cleavage wrinkles can also be reduced with botox (/wiki/Botox) [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) [307] (#cite_note-taffy-307) and, according to Samantha Wilson, founder of skincare product manufacturer Skin Republic, by intense pulsed light (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) (IPM), collagen induction therapy (/wiki/Collagen_induction_therapy) (CIT) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (/wiki/High-intensity_focused_ultrasound) . [309] (#cite_note-Hempen-309) In 2009, Slovenian lingerie manufacturer Lisca (/wiki/Lisca_(company)) introduced a high-tech "Smart Memory Bra" that was supposed to push breasts further when its wearer becomes sexually aroused. [310] (#cite_note-310) [311] (#cite_note-311) Tape and inserts [ edit ] Cotton and silk bust improver (/wiki/Falsies) , c. 1890 Accessories, including lingerie tapes or duct tapes, removable gel pads, fabrics, silicone or microfiber inserts, and clothing—including socks—are used to enhance cleavage. [312] (#cite_note-312) [313] (#cite_note-313) [314] (#cite_note-314) Many women, such as beauty pageant participants and transgender (/wiki/Transgender) people, create cleavage by placing tape underneath and across their breasts, bending forward, tightly pulling them together and up. [315] (#cite_note-315) [316] (#cite_note-apaige-316) [317] (#cite_note-A&IV2-317) Types of tape used include lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) , surgical tape (/wiki/Surgical_tape) and athletic tape (/wiki/Athletic_tape) . Some use a strip of moleskin (/wiki/Moleskin) under the breasts; this is held in place with tape. Use of the wrong techniques or tape with too strong an adhesive can cause injuries such as rashes, blisters and torn skin. [316] (#cite_note-apaige-316) [317] (#cite_note-A&IV2-317) Falsies, small silicone-gel pads that are similar to the removable pads sold with some push-up bras, are sometimes referred to colloquially as "chicken fillets". [318] (#cite_note-318) Falsies evolved from the bosom pads of the 17th century that were often made of stiff rubber. [319] (#cite_note-319) [320] (#cite_note-kharris-320) By the mid 1800s, "bust improvers" were made using soft fabric pads of cotton and wool or inflatable rubber. [320] (#cite_note-kharris-320) [321] (#cite_note-vcumming-321) In 1896, celluloid falsies were advertised and in the 20th century, soft foam rubber (/wiki/Foam_rubber) pads became available. [321] (#cite_note-vcumming-321) Young women, some as young as 15, were expected to wear falsies to fill out their bodices. [322] (#cite_note-scoop-322) [ page needed ] For cross-dressers or trans women who have not undergone hormone therapy (/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy_(male-to-female)) or breast augmentation, semi-rigid pieces of material such as plastic is sometimes applied to the skin using surgical tape, surgical adhesive, specialist adhesives or even general-purpose craft glue to get a feminine cleavage. [317] (#cite_note-A&IV2-317) [323] (#cite_note-323) [324] (#cite_note-324) [325] (#cite_note-325) Surgery [ edit ] See also: Breast augmentation (/wiki/Breast_augmentation) and Breast implant (/wiki/Breast_implant) Breasts before and after mammaplasty (/wiki/Mammaplasty) , with scars visible Cleavage, from a surgical perspective, is a combination of the intermammary distance and the degree of "fill" in the medial portion of the breast. [326] (#cite_note-326) Some flat-chested women feel self-conscious about their small breasts and want to improve their sexual attractiveness by seeking breast augmentation. [327] (#cite_note-327) According to plastic surgeon Gerard H. Pitman, "you can't have cleavage with an A cup (/wiki/Bra_size) . You have to be at least a B or a C." [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) It is easier to push big breasts together to accent the hollow between them. [322] (#cite_note-scoop-322) Implants filled with sterile saline solution (/wiki/Saline_(medicine)) and implants filled with viscous silicone (/wiki/Silicone) gel are used for breast reconstruction (/wiki/Breast_reconstruction) , and for the augmentation and enhancement of aesthetics—size, shape, and texture—of breasts. [328] (#cite_note-328) [329] (#cite_note-329) Plastic surgeons changed from using bodily tissues to these newer technologies in the 1950s. [330] (#cite_note-330) Sometimes, fat is injected into the subcutaneous plane (/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue) to narrow the gap of the cleavage [331] (#cite_note-331) and is grafted onto wide-chested individuals. [332] (#cite_note-332) During breast reconstruction, surgeons are normally careful to preserve the natural cleavage of the breasts. [333] (#cite_note-333) Attempts to create or increase cleavage by loosening the medial borders of the breasts could result in symmastia (/wiki/Symmastia) (also called a "uniboob"), a confluence of the breast tissue (/wiki/Breast_tissue) of both breasts across the midline in front of the sternum, creating a lack of defined cleavage. [334] (#cite_note-334) About 3 cm of cleavage distance is recommended while augmenting breasts, to avoid medial perforation, compromised soft tissues, visible implants, rippling and symmastia. [335] (#cite_note-335) [126] (#cite_note-Gregory_Evans_page_360-126) A high surgical release of pectoralis major muscles can enhance cleavage at the risk of the implant showing through soft tissues. [336] (#cite_note-336) Saline-filled breast implants Silicone gel-filled breast implants A 2016 paper reported breast augmentation was one of the most common aesthetic surgery procedures performed by plastic surgeons. Annually, an estimated 8,000–20,000 surgeries are done in the UK and over 300,000 in the U.S. According to the paper, in the U.S., 4% of women had breast implants at the time. It reported annual sales of 300,000 implants in South America and estimated the global number of women with breast implants to be between five and ten million. [337] (#cite_note-337) Women seeking breast augmentation often request a specific form of cleavage enhancement and often produce photographs of desired cleavage shapes and appearances. [20] (#cite_note-MAAK-20) Many of those who seek breast augmentation want "full cleavage" which, according to plastic surgeon Jeffrey Weinzweig, "in reality results only from external forces, such as a brassier. Attempts to create such full cleavage require unacceptable compromise to other aesthetic factors of the breast." [338] (#cite_note-338) The width of cleavage is determined at the point at which the breast tissue attaches to the periosteal bone membrane (/wiki/Periosteum) that covers the sternum and by the medial attachments of the pectoralis major (/wiki/Pectoralis_major) (chest muscle). [20] (#cite_note-MAAK-20) By modern cultural values, cleavage is considered more attractive when breasts are close together. [339] (#cite_note-339) A narrow cleft between the breasts is identified as unusual anatomy. [340] (#cite_note-340) Plastic surgeon John B. Tebbetts finds creating a narrow intermammary distance is not a priority over other aspects. [341] (#cite_note-341) He says if a patient wishes a gluteal (/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft) appearance for her cleavage, she should use "an appropriate push up brassiere", avoiding "the temptation to create it surgically". [342] (#cite_note-342) Because large breasts are not always closer together than smaller ones, and because implants change only the volume of the breasts, not their position, implants cannot produce a tight cleavage if the gap between the breasts is wide. [343] (#cite_note-343) Wide-set breasts will have a wide cleavage even after surgery because implants cannot correct the condition. [344] (#cite_note-344) It is difficult to produce sufficiently feminine cleavage for trans women, even with breast augmentation surgery, because people assigned male at birth (/wiki/Assigned_male_at_birth) have nipple-areolar complexes set farther apart on their chests than those assigned female at birth (/wiki/Assigned_female_at_birth) do. [345] (#cite_note-345) [346] (#cite_note-346) [347] (#cite_note-347) Fat grafting (/wiki/Breast_augmentation#Fat-graft_injection) may be used to reduce the width of cleavage in trans women. [348] (#cite_note-348) Exercise and supplements [ edit ] See also: Upper body exercise (/wiki/Upper_body_exercise) , Yoga (/wiki/Yoga) , and Breast enlargement supplement (/wiki/Breast_enlargement_supplement) Exercise on a machine fly (/wiki/Machine_fly) , a recommended way to develop cleavage [349] (#cite_note-349) [350] (#cite_note-350) Bhujangasana (/wiki/Bhujangasana) (cobra pose) is one of the most recommended yoga poses for cleavage improvement [351] (#cite_note-poses-351) [352] (#cite_note-Lapis-352) Regular exercise of the muscles and fibers of the pectoral complex, which lies just under the fatty tissues of the breast, helps prevent droopiness, creates the illusion of larger and firmer breasts, and enhances cleavage. [353] (#cite_note-bmars-353) [354] (#cite_note-354) [355] (#cite_note-355) Exercise does not enlarge the breasts but developing the pectoral muscles on the chest can give them a fuller appearance. [356] (#cite_note-356) Training the chest does not change the structure of the breasts because breast tissue is fat, which cannot be shaped; chest training can, however, prevent breasts from drooping and sagging by firming the muscles that surround the sternum. [357] (#cite_note-357) Even in moderately athletic women, the pectoralis major muscles on either side of the cleavage become more prominent with exercise. [358] (#cite_note-358) The most effective exercises for developing breasts and improving cleavage are incline chest press (/wiki/Press_(exercise)) , chest fly (/wiki/Fly_(exercise)) and chest dip (/wiki/Dip_(exercise)) . [359] (#cite_note-359) [360] (#cite_note-360) [361] (#cite_note-Bapt-361) Weight training (/wiki/Weight_training) , nautilus machines (/wiki/Nautilus,_Inc.) , push-ups and chest presses are helpful, as are exercise balls (/wiki/Exercise_ball) , dumbbells (/wiki/Dumbbell) , rowing and basketball. [353] (#cite_note-bmars-353) [361] (#cite_note-Bapt-361) [352] (#cite_note-Lapis-352) Flat chest dumbbell pullovers and dumbbell flyers on incline bench is recommended for beginners, while the advanced exercisers may include bench press movements, flyers, pullovers, Pec Decs (/wiki/Pec_Dec) and push-ups at least twice a week. [362] (#cite_note-362) Pilates (/wiki/Pilates) , tai chi (/wiki/Tai_chi) and yoga (/wiki/Yoga) boost cleavage by improving posture and strengthening the chest muscles. Hunching, tightening and closing off of the chest in yoga asanas (/wiki/Asana) are particularly helpful, along with breathing exercises (/wiki/Pranayama) like deep breathing ( sama vritti (/wiki/Sama_vritti) or kapalabhati (/wiki/Kapalabhati) ) and retention ( kumbhaka (/wiki/Kumbhaka) ). [363] (#cite_note-363) [364] (#cite_note-364) [365] (#cite_note-365) The most recommended asanas to develop cleavage are backbends like cobra (/wiki/Bhujangasana) , bow (/wiki/Dhanurasana) , camel (/wiki/Ustrasana) , bridge (/wiki/Setu_bandhasana) and locust (/wiki/Salabhasana) ; twisted poses like cow face (/wiki/Gomukhasana) and lord of the fishes (/wiki/Matsyendrasana) ; front bends like plough (/wiki/Halasana) and resting child (/wiki/Balasana) ; standing poses like tree (/wiki/Vriksasana) and warrior (/wiki/Virabhadrasana) ; and leg stretches like raised leg (/w/index.php?title=Uttanpadasana&action=edit&redlink=1) and inverted leg stretch (/wiki/Viparita_karani) . [351] (#cite_note-poses-351) Supplements are frequently portrayed as natural means to increase breast size with the suggestion they are free from risk. [366] (#cite_note-MythAndReality-366) : 1330 Commonly used ingredients include black cohosh (/wiki/Actaea_racemosa) , [366] (#cite_note-MythAndReality-366) : 1330 (shown to have no estrogenic effect [366] (#cite_note-MythAndReality-366) : 1330 ) dong quai (/wiki/Angelica_sinensis) , [366] (#cite_note-MythAndReality-366) : 1331 hops (/wiki/Hops) , [367] (#cite_note-367) : 4914 kava (/wiki/Kava) [368] (#cite_note-Bust-368) : 1347 (may cause liver damage (/wiki/Hepatotoxicity) [368] (#cite_note-Bust-368) : 1347 ) and zearalenone (/wiki/Zearalenone) [369] (#cite_note-ZEN-369) (increases probability of estrogen-dependent breast cancer and may reduce fertility [369] (#cite_note-ZEN-369) ) among others. [366] (#cite_note-MythAndReality-366) : 1330 [368] (#cite_note-Bust-368) : 1345 Despite folklore about using herbs for breast enlargement, there is no scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of any breast enlargement supplement. [368] (#cite_note-Bust-368) [370] (#cite_note-370) In the United States, both the Federal Trade Commission (/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission) and the Food and Drug Administration (/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration) have taken action against the manufacturers of these products for fraudulent practices. [371] (#cite_note-371) Grooming and makeup [ edit ] Sunburnt (/wiki/Sunburn) upper décolletage (neck and shoulder) Using facial mask (/wiki/Facial_mask) in cleavage area According to Samantha Wilson of Skin Republic, dermatologist Paul Jarrod Frank, and Philippa Curnow of Elizabeth Arden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden) , compared with the epidermis (/wiki/Epidermis) on the face, the epidermis on the cleavage and neck has fewer hair follicles (/wiki/Hair_follicle) and oil glands, little subcutaneous fat (/wiki/Subcutaneous_fat) cushioning the area, a limited number melanocytes (/wiki/Melanocyte) , and is much thinner and more fragile. [309] (#cite_note-Hempen-309) [372] (#cite_note-Tromans-372) [373] (#cite_note-Danic-373) [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) Skin in these areas can suffer from damage resulting in cleavage wrinkles, uneven skin tone, age spots (/wiki/Age_spot) , scars from heat rash (/wiki/Heat_rash) , and female chest hairs, [373] (#cite_note-Danic-373) and may show loss of elasticity sooner. [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) Some perfumes and colognes can cause a phototoxic (/wiki/Phototoxicity) rashes on the neck, wrists and cleavage that leaves patterned hyperpigmentation when healed. [374] (#cite_note-374) According to Curnow, the skin of the cleavage area often ages more quickly because it experiences more exposure to ultraviolet radiation (/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation) (UV) and environmental factors like pollution than skin that remains covered in many cultures, while moisturizers and sunscreens are used more on the face and neck. [372] (#cite_note-Tromans-372) According to Marnina Diprose, founder of skin care clinic Aroze Dermal Therapies, ultraviolet radiation can break down collagen and cause pigment (/wiki/Pigment) deposition, leading to mottled pigmentation on the cleavage. [309] (#cite_note-Hempen-309) The skin of the cleavage area may also show loss of elasticity more quickly. [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) Dermatoheliosis (/wiki/Dermatoheliosis) (photo aging) is a problem when cleavage skin is exposed for prolonged periods to UV radiation in sunlight; it is characterized by hyperpigmentation (/wiki/Hyperpigmentation) , leathery texture, roughness, wrinkles, lentigines (/wiki/Lentigo) (age spots), actinic elastosis (/wiki/Actinic_elastosis) and telangiectasias (/wiki/Telangiectasia) (spider veins). [375] (#cite_note-375) For protection, regular use of high-factor sunscreen on the cleavage area is recommended by reconstructive surgeon Anh Nguyen and others. [5] (#cite_note-divide-5) [309] (#cite_note-Hempen-309) Products routinely used on the face, including vitamin A (/wiki/Vitamin_A) , vitamin B3 (/wiki/Vitamin_B3) , and vitamin C (/wiki/Vitamin_C) , masks (/wiki/Facial_mask) , cleansers (/wiki/Cleanser) , moisturizers, and exfoliators (/wiki/Exfoliation_(cosmetology)) , are also applied to the cleavage, [373] (#cite_note-Danic-373) [376] (#cite_note-Cahn-376) [377] (#cite_note-377) though products specifically designed for the cleavage and neck and also available. [372] (#cite_note-Tromans-372) Additionally body oils like shea butter (/wiki/Shea_butter) , coconut oil and almond oil, [378] (#cite_note-CDavis-378) and bronzers (/wiki/Bronzer) are also used to achieve a "glowing" cleavage. [376] (#cite_note-Cahn-376) Splashing cold water on the cleavage also helps. [379] (#cite_note-379) According to Victoria's Secret model Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) , most professional models use makeup to better define their cleavage. [380] (#cite_note-380) Makeup artist Stephen Dimmick recommends using a luminizer on the clavicle area. [378] (#cite_note-CDavis-378) Makeup with shading (/wiki/Contouring) effects is used to make cleavage appear deeper and the breasts look fuller. The middle of the cleavage is made to look deeper by using a shade of makeup color that is darker than the base color of the skin, while the most prominent areas of the breasts are made to look larger or more protruding by the use of a paler color. [317] (#cite_note-A&IV2-317) [381] (#cite_note-381) An illuminator on the collar bones and bronzing below them is used for more accent. [382] (#cite_note-382) Beauty journalist Zoe Weiner describes a more elaborate process of outlining the breasts with a contouring stick that is slightly darker than the skin tone then highlighting inside the contour lines with a highlighter (/wiki/Highlighter_(cosmetics)) slightly lighter than skin tone, followed by blending with a contouring brush in circular motions. [383] (#cite_note-383) Embellishments [ edit ] Cleavage piercing Cleavage tattoo Bright colors, ornaments and accessories, including ruffles (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) and glitters (/wiki/Glitter) that add detail to the cleavage area, help to make breasts look bigger and draw attention to them. Using the cleavage as a canvass, a recommended way of adornment is to layer necklaces and chokers (/wiki/Choker) with a pendant (/wiki/Pendant) as a centerpiece of the cleavage. [384] (#cite_note-384) [385] (#cite_note-385) Georgian era-style rivière necklaces are also popular items with which to dress the décolletage. [386] (#cite_note-386) According to celebrity tattoo artist and tattoo historian Lyle Tuttle (/wiki/Lyle_Tuttle) , sternum tattoos became popular with women's liberation (/wiki/Women%27s_liberation) . [387] (#cite_note-387) Singer Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) was a major driver in popularizing cleavage tattoos. [388] (#cite_note-388) According to tattooist Mira Mariah, "Since most sternums are a flat plane, there are really good opportunities for detail". [389] (#cite_note-389) Underboob tattoos are generally done under the breasts but could wrap around the sternum, cleavage, side boob and ribs. [390] (#cite_note-390) Cleavage piercings, also known as chest piercings and sternum piercings—one of the most-admired body piercings (/wiki/Body_piercing) —is done on the cleavage area vertically or horizontally. [391] (#cite_note-391) [392] (#cite_note-392) A sternum piercing can be located anywhere along the sternum and can be either a surface piercing (/wiki/Surface_piercing) or a dermal piercing (/wiki/Dermal_piercing) . The jewelry, generally flexible rods made of hypoallergenic (/wiki/Hypoallergenic) metal like surgical titanium (/wiki/Titanium#Medical) , surgical stainless steel (/wiki/Surgical_stainless_steel) , niobium (/wiki/Niobium) or gold ( 14 karat (/wiki/Fineness#Measure) and above), is placed vertically or horizontally between the breasts. Male cleavage [ edit ] Italy 1974 Germany 1980 In the 1970s, daring women and men of all ages left top buttons on shirts and blouses open to display pectoral muscles (/wiki/Pectoral_muscles) , cleavage and a firm body in a " groovy (/wiki/Groovy) " style. [242] (#cite_note-AsSeen-242) [243] (#cite_note-SamB-243) [244] (#cite_note-AmyT-244) Male cleavage (also known as "heavage"), a result of low necklines or unbuttoned shirts, has been a movie trend since the 1920s. Douglas Fairbanks (/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks) revealed his chest in films including The Thief of Bagdad (/wiki/The_Thief_of_Bagdad_(1924_film)) (1924) and The Iron Mask (/wiki/The_Iron_Mask) (1929), and Errol Flynn (/wiki/Errol_Flynn) showed his male cleavage in movies like The Adventures of Robin Hood (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robin_Hood) (1938). This aesthetic continued into the 1950s and 1960s with movie stars like Marlon Brando (/wiki/Marlon_Brando) , who also displayed his chest in The Adventures of Robin Hood , and Sean Connery (/wiki/Sean_Connery) in many James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) movies; but it went out of fashion after the 1970s, which according to fashion historian Robert Bryan was "the golden age of male chest hair", epitomized by John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) in Saturday Night Fever (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever) (1977). [393] (#cite_note-WSJSmith-393) Musician Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) wearing a jacket (/wiki/Jacket) that displays his cleavage at a 2022 Love on Tour (/wiki/Love_On_Tour) concert in Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) This look was also popular with celebrities like Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) and Burt Reynolds (/wiki/Burt_Reynolds) in the 1970s, and Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) , Jude Law (/wiki/Jude_Law) , Simon Cowell (/wiki/Simon_Cowell) and Kanye West in the 2010s. [394] (#cite_note-Saten-394) [395] (#cite_note-Ode-395) Throughout the 1970s, more men unbuttoned their shirts as both men and women took an anti-fashion approach to clothing and the rise of the leisure wear, and adopted comfortable, unisex styles. [396] (#cite_note-396) [397] (#cite_note-397) [398] (#cite_note-398) As a new masculine style evolved, gay men adopted a traditionally masculine or working-class style with "half-unbuttoned shirt above the sweaty chest" and tight jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , rejecting the idea that gay men want to be women. [245] (#cite_note-Jim_Elledge_page_254-245) [246] (#cite_note-Joseph_P._Goodwin_page_18-246) In India, male cleavage became popular with Bollywood movie stars Salman Khan (/wiki/Salman_Khan) (who was named "the king of cleavage" by The Economic Times (/wiki/The_Economic_Times) [399] (#cite_note-399) ), Shekhar Suman (/wiki/Shekhar_Suman) in the 1990s, and Shahid Kapoor (/wiki/Shahid_Kapoor) and Akshay Kumar (/wiki/Akshay_Kumar) in the 2000s. [400] (#cite_note-Sabhar-400) [401] (#cite_note-401) [402] (#cite_note-402) Many male K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) stars are also known for their cleavage. [403] (#cite_note-403) Man cleavage came back into style in the 2010s, especially among hipsters (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) and Hispanic and Latino Americans (/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans) . [393] (#cite_note-WSJSmith-393) [394] (#cite_note-Saten-394) [395] (#cite_note-Ode-395) Stylist Christiaan Choy attributes its resurgence to fit physiques and the urge for personal styles. [404] (#cite_note-404) Fashion entrepreneur Harvey Paulvin said a men's V-neck should be between "two to four inches from the collar". [405] (#cite_note-405) Some men groom their chest hair to improve the male cleavage look (sometimes known as " manscaping (/wiki/Manscaping) "). [406] (#cite_note-406) [393] (#cite_note-WSJSmith-393) [394] (#cite_note-Saten-394) [395] (#cite_note-Ode-395) [400] (#cite_note-Sabhar-400) Many still considered the look inappropriate for most situations. [400] (#cite_note-Sabhar-400) [407] (#cite_note-407) Male bra [ edit ] Main article: Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Some men who crossdress choose to wear bras among other articles of clothing. [408] (#cite_note-408) Bras may be worn for the feel of it or the silhouette it creates. [409] (#cite_note-409) A man bra may provide a "filling" inside the cups to create a cleavage. [410] (#cite_note-410) By the end of the 2000s, man bras were briefly popular with Japanese men as an online purchase item. [411] (#cite_note-411) Most cases of male breast development are attributed to gynecomastia (/wiki/Gynecomastia) , an endocrine disorder (/wiki/Endocrine_disorder) that causes breast development in males (also known as man boobs or moobs ). [412] (#cite_note-Rohr-412) [413] (#cite_note-413) [414] (#cite_note-numerous-414) [415] (#cite_note-415) Seeing as how the disorder can cause psychological distress, [416] (#cite_note-416) some men wear a male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) (also known as "compression bra" or "compression vest"), [414] (#cite_note-numerous-414) [417] (#cite_note-Genev-417) [418] (#cite_note-418) to flatten the cleavage rather than giving it a lift. [419] (#cite_note-419) Exercises like cardio (/wiki/Aerobic_exercise) and strength training (/wiki/Strength_training) are also recommended in reducing male breasts. [420] (#cite_note-420) In more severe cases, medical treatment may include surgical intervention. [421] (#cite_note-421) According to British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (/wiki/British_Association_of_Aesthetic_Plastic_Surgeons) (BAAPS), 323 men had breast reduction surgery in 2008 in the UK, which is 44% more than in 2007. [412] (#cite_note-Rohr-412) See also [ edit ] Backless dress (/wiki/Backless_dress) – Type of dress Toplessness (/wiki/Toplessness) – Having a woman's torso exposed above the waist Toe cleavage (/wiki/Toe_cleavage) – property of footwear that allows the intertoe division to be glimpsed Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Buttock cleavage (/wiki/Buttock_cleavage) – Minor exposure of the buttocks Pai slash (/wiki/Pai_slash) – Breasts bisected by a diagonal strap References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Cleavage" (https://www.etymonline.com/word/cleavage) . Etymology Online . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Cleavage & the Code" (http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,777076,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_magazine) . Vol. 48, no. 6. August 5, 1946. p. 98. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Waters, Florence (2011-03-01). "Jane Russell: the poster controversy that made a star" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8354765/Jane-Russell-the-poster-controversy-that-made-a-star.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110304140344/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8354765/Jane-Russell-the-poster-controversy-that-made-a-star.html) from the original on 2011-03-04 . Retrieved 2020-10-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Schumach, Murray (1964). The Face On The Cutting Room Floor . Da Capo Press (/wiki/Da_Capo_Press) . p. 61. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0306706035 . Retrieved 2020-10-15 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Merkin, Daphne (/wiki/Daphne_Merkin) (August 28, 2005). "The Great Divide" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/style/tmagazine/the-great-divide.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ Jump up to: a b "cleavage" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cleavage) . 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Everything You Ever Wanted to know about the Tudors but were afraid to ask . Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 186. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1445638454 . ^ (#cite_ref-166) "French Caricature" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100601211316/http://www.hsl.virginia.edu/historical/artifacts/caricatures/fr6-wetnursing.cfm) . University of Virginia Health System (/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Health_System) . Archived from the original (http://www.hsl.virginia.edu/historical/artifacts/caricatures/fr6-wetnursing.cfm) on 2010-06-01 . Retrieved 2010-01-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gent, Lucy; Llewellyn, Nigel, eds. (1990). Renaissance Bodies: The Human Figure in English Culture c. 1540–1660 . London: Reaktion Books. ^ (#cite_ref-168) Jonathan Dewald (/wiki/Jonathan_Dewald) (2004). Europe 1450 to 1789 . Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 546. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0684312057 . ^ (#cite_ref-169) Charlotte A. Jirousek (2019). Ottoman Dress and Design in the West . 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Illustrated Guide to Jewelry Appraising: Antique, Period, and Modern . Springer Science+Business Media (/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media) . p. 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1461597179 . ^ (#cite_ref-191) Pillai, S. Devadas (1997). Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary . Popular Prakashan (/wiki/Popular_Prakashan) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8171548071 . ^ (#cite_ref-192) Bigelow, Marybelle S.; Kushino, Kay (1979). Fashion in History: Western Dress, Prehistoric to Present . Burgess Publishing Company. p. 239. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0808728009 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gernsheim, Alison (1981). Victorian and Edwardian Fashion. A Photographic Survey (Reprint of 1963 ed.). Mineola (/wiki/Mineola,_New_York) , NY: Dover Publications (/wiki/Dover_Publications) . p. 43. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486242056 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jeffrey Weinzweig (2010). Plastic Surgery Secrets (2nd ed.). 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The new lift and separation evolved into the torpedo shape of the 1940s, which went nuclear with underwire in the 1950s, when the war's end freed metal for domestic use [...] The struggle to buttress what is naturally low-lying has produced its own mythology, like the legend that in the 1940s Howard Hughes used airplane technology to build a better bra for Jane Russell in The Outlaw. ^ (#cite_ref-294) Madaras, Lynda (2007). The "what's happening to my body?" book for girls (Third ed.). Newmarket Press (/wiki/Newmarket_Press) . pp. 48–50. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1557047649 . Retrieved 2009-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-295) Legato, Marianne J.; Colman, Carol (April 2014). What Women Need to Know . E-Reads. pp. 33–34. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0759254442 . Retrieved October 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-296) Amy Wallace (/wiki/Amy_Wallace) . "California or Bust". Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_(magazine)) . Vol. 47, no. 1. p. 43. 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"What Are Man Boobs, and How Do You Get Rid of Them?" (https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/what-are-man-boobs-and-how-do-you-get-rid-them/) . Men's Journal (/wiki/Men%27s_Journal) . Retrieved March 13, 2021 . Edgley, Ross (2016-01-05). "Get rid of man boobs with our workout" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/how-to-get-rid-of-man-boobs) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Savacool, Julia (2020-03-10). "This Upper Chest Workout Will Help You Lose Your Man Boobs for Good" (https://www.fatherly.com/health-science/upper-chest-workout-how-to-lose-man-boobs-fast/) . Fatherly (/wiki/Fatherly) . ^ (#cite_ref-421) Cuhaci N, Polat SB, Evranos B, Ersoy R, Cakir B (19 March 2014). "Gynecomastia: Clinical evaluation and management" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987263) . Indian J Endocrinol Metab . 18 (2): 150–58. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4103/2230-8210.129104 (https://doi.org/10.4103%2F2230-8210.129104) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3987263 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987263) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24741509 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24741509) . Further reading [ edit ] Listen to this article ( 8 minutes ) Duration: 8 minutes and 6 seconds. 8:06 This audio file (/wiki/File:Cleavage_(breasts).ogg) was created from a revision of this article dated 6 January 2010 ( 2010-01-06 ) , and does not reflect subsequent edits. ( Audio help (/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help) · More spoken articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles) ) The Future of Reputation, Gossip, Rumour and Privacy on the Internet , Daniel J. Solove, Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) , 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0300124989 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300124989) , p. 166 Sex in Consumer Culture , Tom Reichert, Jacqueline Lambiase, Routledge, 2006, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0805850902 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805850902) Sex Crimes Investigation: Catching and Prosecuting the Perpetrators , Robert L. Snow, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0275989348 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275989348) , p. 146 Gernsheim, Alison (1981 [1963]). Victorian and Edwardian Fashion. A Photographic Survey . Mineola: Dover Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486242056 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486242056) Glazier, Stephen D. (/wiki/Stephen_D._Glazier) ; Flowerday, Charles (2003). Selected Readings in the Anthropology of Religion: Theoretical and Methodological Essays . Greenwood Publishing Group (/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0313300905 . Morris, Desmond (/wiki/Desmond_Morris) (1997). Manwatching. A Field Guide to Human Behavior . New York: Harry N. Abrams (/wiki/Harry_N._Abrams) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 081091310-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/081091310-0) Morris, Desmond (2004). The Naked Woman. A Study of the Female Body . New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0312338538 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312338538) External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleavage (breasts) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cleavage_(breasts)) . "Gender and Electronic Privacy" (https://www.epic.org/privacy/gender/) . Electronic Privacy Information Center (/wiki/Electronic_Privacy_Information_Center) . "Sargent's Portraits" (http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=g&p=a&a=i&ID=424) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110628151801/http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=g&p=a&a=i&ID=424) 2011-06-28 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , an article including a mention of the scandal caused by the portrayal of cleavage in John Singer Sargent (/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent) 's " Portrait of Madame X (/wiki/Portrait_of_Madame_X) ". "The Great Divide" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/style/tmagazine/TW1792179.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , August 28, 2005 Sarah E. Reynolds, Boobs Out! 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐tdgv9 Cached time: 20240711062934 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30014508-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711062934 and revision id 912793115. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. S Savile Row Bespoke Association members (/wiki/Category:Savile_Row_Bespoke_Association_members) ‎ (17 P) Pages in category "Clothing companies based in London" The following 69 pages are in this category, out of 69 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Agent Provocateur (lingerie) (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) Alexander McQueen (fashion house) (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Anna Valentine (/wiki/Anna_Valentine) Arckiv (/wiki/Arckiv) B B. J. Simmons & Co. (/wiki/B._J._Simmons_%26_Co.) Band of Outsiders (clothing brand) (/wiki/Band_of_Outsiders_(clothing_brand)) Bellville Sassoon (/wiki/Bellville_Sassoon) Benson & Clegg (/wiki/Benson_%26_Clegg) Bionda Castana (/wiki/Bionda_Castana) Blue Inc (/wiki/Blue_Inc) Boxfresh (/wiki/Boxfresh) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) British Home Stores (/wiki/British_Home_Stores) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) Burton (retailer) (/wiki/Burton_(retailer)) George G. Bussey & Co. (/wiki/George_G._Bussey_%26_Co.) C Cad and the Dandy (/wiki/Cad_and_the_Dandy) Chester Barrie (/wiki/Chester_Barrie) Coat of arms of the Drapers Company (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Drapers_Company) Corteiz (/wiki/Corteiz) COS (fashion brand) (/wiki/COS_(fashion_brand)) CuteCircuit (/wiki/CuteCircuit) D Dandie Fashions (/wiki/Dandie_Fashions) Deborah & Clare (/wiki/Deborah_%26_Clare) Dege & Skinner (/wiki/Dege_%26_Skinner) Dorothy Perkins (/wiki/Dorothy_Perkins) Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) Worshipful Company of Drapers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Drapers) E E. Tautz & Sons (/wiki/E._Tautz_%26_Sons) Ede & Ravenscroft (/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft) Ettinger (British company) (/wiki/Ettinger_(British_company)) F Finery (company) (/wiki/Finery_(company)) The Fold (brand) (/wiki/The_Fold_(brand)) Freed of London (/wiki/Freed_of_London) Fulton Umbrellas (/wiki/Fulton_Umbrellas) G Gandys (/wiki/Gandys) Ghost (fashion brand) (/wiki/Ghost_(fashion_brand)) Gieves & Hawkes (/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes) Goat Fashion (/wiki/Goat_Fashion) H Hackett (clothing brand) (/wiki/Hackett_(clothing_brand)) Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) Hawes & Curtis (/wiki/Hawes_%26_Curtis) The Hemp Trading Company (/wiki/The_Hemp_Trading_Company) Henry Herbert Tailors (/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Tailors) Hobbs Ltd (/wiki/Hobbs_Ltd) H. Huntsman & Sons (/wiki/H._Huntsman_%26_Sons) J Jaeger (clothing) (/wiki/Jaeger_(clothing)) Jigsaw (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Jigsaw_(clothing_retailer)) Herbert Johnson (hatters) (/wiki/Herbert_Johnson_(hatters)) JoJo Maman Bébé (/wiki/JoJo_Maman_B%C3%A9b%C3%A9) L Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) M Maurice Sedwell (/wiki/Maurice_Sedwell) Merchant Archive (/wiki/Merchant_Archive) N N.Peal (/wiki/N.Peal) Norton & Sons (/wiki/Norton_%26_Sons) P Henry Poole & Co (/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co) R Richard James (tailor) (/wiki/Richard_James_(tailor)) S S.E.H Kelly (/wiki/S.E.H_Kelly) SAFiYAA (/wiki/SAFiYAA) Savile Row tailoring (/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring) Susan Small (fashion) (/wiki/Susan_Small_(fashion)) T T. M. Lewin (/wiki/T._M._Lewin) Thresher & Glenny (/wiki/Thresher_%26_Glenny) Turnbull & Asser (/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser) W Wall Luxury Essentials (/wiki/Wall_Luxury_Essentials) Webb Ellis (sportswear) (/wiki/Webb_Ellis_(sportswear)) Worshipful Company of Girdlers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Girdlers) Y Yull Shoes (/wiki/Yull_Shoes) Z Zaggora (/wiki/Zaggora) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_London&oldid=912793115 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_London&oldid=912793115) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies of England (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_England) Companies based in London by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_London_by_industry)
Independent fashion brand Yeezy Type Clothing, footwear, music distribution, news Inventor Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Yeezy LLC Inception August 2013 ( 2013-08 ) Manufacturer Los Angeles Apparel (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Apparel) Website www (https://www.yeezy.com) .yeezy (https://www.yeezy.com) .com (https://www.yeezy.com) Yeezy (often stylized as YZY ) is a media and fashion brand, founded by American rapper, designer, and entrepreneur Ye (/wiki/Kanye_West) , formerly known as Kanye West, on August 6, 2013. [1] (#cite_note-1) Incorporating fashion and music entities, it first began producing clothing in 2015 during and for the Yeezy Season 2 (/wiki/Yeezy_Season) runway show. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The partnership between Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) and Yeezy was ended prematurely in October 2022 after Adidas terminated the contract. [3] (#cite_note-Goldens-3) Yeezy is the subsidiary of Yeezy LLC, Ye’s main company that was incorporated on May 16, 2016. History [ edit ] Yeezy Season [ edit ] Yeezy Season (stylized as YZY SZN ) is a runway fashion (/wiki/Fashion_show) line created by Yeezy. Yeezy Season 1 was a collaboration with Adidas (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) . However, all garments were produced independently, mostly of which by Los Angeles Apparel (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Apparel) , with only shoes being produced by Adidas. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Yeezy Season 2 debuted at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) on September 15, 2015. [4] (#cite_note-4) Influenced by Japanese workwear, the collection was praised for strong silhouettes and diverse casting. [5] (#cite_note-5) Yeezy Season 3 debuted in Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden) on February 12, 2016. The collection debuted with Ye's The Life of Pablo (/wiki/The_Life_of_Pablo) album and was host to many viral moments, including Lil Yachty (/wiki/Lil_Yachty) being one of the models. [6] (#cite_note-6) Yeezy Season 4 debuted at Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park (/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Four_Freedoms_Park) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , and was predominantly a Womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) collection with appearances from Sofia Richie (/wiki/Sofia_Richie) , Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) and Chanel Iman (/wiki/Chanel_Iman) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Yeezy Season 5 debuted at Pier 59 in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . The collection introduced new graphical references and sportswear attires, a departure from the oversized silhouettes and post-apocalyptic influences of previous ranges. The much-anticipated Calabasas-branded items were debuted, along with a new pair of retro-inspired chunky runners. The Three Stripes (/wiki/Three_stripes) logo was featured on several pieces. [8] (#cite_note-8) Yeezy Season 6, unlike other seasons, opted out of a runaway show for its debut. Instead, Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) unveiled the collection on December 5, 2017, through a series of photos on social media. The collection featured jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , sweats (/wiki/Sweatpants) , trench coats (/wiki/Trench_coat) , and more. [9] (#cite_note-9) Yeezy Season 7 also used Kim Kardashian as the main model, sporting a neon color palette. [10] (#cite_note-10) Yeezy Season 8 debuted in 2020 at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . The show featured raw, textured garments with a neutral color palette, and materials such as wool from West's Wyoming (/wiki/Wyoming) ranch were used. [11] (#cite_note-11) Yeezy Season 9 debuted at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) on October 3, 2022, and was streamed on YouTube. [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) The collection featured oversized ponchos, 3D printed (/wiki/3D_printing) boots and a controversial shirt featuring Pope John Paul II (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) on the front and a White Lives Matter (/wiki/White_Lives_Matter) print on the back. [13] (#cite_note-13) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) walked on the runway at the fashion show, soundtracked by an unreleased Kanye West collaboration with James Blake (/wiki/James_Blake_(musician)) titled "Always", in reference to the deceased Virgil Abloh (/wiki/Virgil_Abloh) . Ye stated: "There's just people. From the same planet. And sometimes, in high school, it feels like we don't fit in. And in a situation like this, we have the opportunity to come together to express who we are." [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) YZY SZN X Casting Showcase (YZY FREE) debuted at 10 PM on May 1, 2023, held in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) at 8025 Melrose Ave. [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) The show hosted many male and female models with shaved heads wearing skintight white T-shirt and black stockings. Part of the show involved the models standing at attention and placing candles on a center table. The T-shirts were later given out to the public. [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) Ye was notably absent, leaving after the initial setup of the event, and wearing a retro Manchester United jersey. [15] (#cite_note-15) Unlike popular belief, YZY SZN X was not a supposed Yeezy Season 10 or even fashion show, but served an event for models to audition for Yeezy. [16] (#cite_note-16) Yeezy Gap [ edit ] Main article: Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) Yeezy Gap (stylized as YEEZY GAP or YZY GAP ) was a fashion collaboration between Yeezy and the American clothing company Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) announced in June 2020, with its first wave of clothing releasing a year later in June 2021. In January 2022 the brand announced its collaboration with luxury fashion house Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , with the first collection from that line releasing the following month. Yeezy Gap was terminated two years after its announcement in September 2022 after a series of disagreements between Ye and Gap executives. [17] (#cite_note-17) Yeezy Gap was characterized by minimalist and utilitarian design, echoing previous Yeezy collections designed by Ye. [18] (#cite_note-18) It consisted of "elevated" basic clothing, including hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , tracksuits (/wiki/Tracksuit) , and jackets (/wiki/Jacket) . The line was met with generally positive critical and commercial reception, although some criticized the manner in which it was released. Yews [ edit ] Yews (stylized as YEWS or yews.news ) was a news (/wiki/News) website created by Yeezy, which launched on December 13, 2023. [19] (#cite_note-19) Daniel Schmidt served as a senior reporter, and Chad Spencer served as a reporter. [20] (#cite_note-20) As of May 16, 2024, following Milo Yiannopoulos's termination from Yeezy, [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Yews seems to have shut down. Yeezy.com [ edit ] Following Ye's anti-Semitic remarks in 2022, his Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) collaborations were terminated. [3] (#cite_note-Goldens-3) During this time Ye went on multiple podcasts doing interviews, blaming Gap and Adidas for not reaching the affordable price points he wanted. [23] (#cite_note-Cowen-23) On December 13, 2023, he named Gosha Rubchinskiy (/wiki/Gosha_Rubchinskiy) as Head of Design at Yeezy via X, formerly known as Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [24] (#cite_note-Destefano-24) On December 15, 2023, the YZY PODS, a sock-shoe hybrid and a small selection of other items were available on the site for varying prices, with the YZY PODS retailing for US$200. Then, on February 11, 2024, the price of YZY PODS dropped to US$20. [25] (#cite_note-25) Anyone who bought the pods for US$200 was refunded US$180. [26] (#cite_note-26) Later that day, Ye posted on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) a text message from Milo Yiannopoulos (/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos) , Yeezy's Chief of Staff, showing he sold 260,000 pairs of Pods. [23] (#cite_note-Cowen-23) Following this, on February 22, 2024, West released several items from his terminated Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) collaboration on the Yeezy.com website in Europe (/wiki/Europe) and Asia (/wiki/Asia) only, seemingly without permission from Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) . The items were sold for US$20, lower than typical Yeezy Gap prices. [27] (#cite_note-27) On the same day, he premiered a Super Bowl (/wiki/Super_Bowl) advertisement for the website, which was a low budget phone recording of West speaking in his car. [28] (#cite_note-28) As of June 26, 2024, the Yeezy.com website is no longer be accepting orders for the time being. This is due to the site receiving a huge backlog of orders that Yeezy cannot fulfill unless they stop accepting new orders. [29] (#cite_note-29) Clothing [ edit ] Some of the clothing on the site is designed by either Mowalola (/wiki/Mowalola_Ogunlesi) [30] (#cite_note-30) or Gosha Rubchinskiy (/wiki/Gosha_Rubchinskiy) . [24] (#cite_note-Destefano-24) Notably, everything is sold for US$20. The items are produced by Los Angeles Apparel (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Apparel) , a company owned by longtime friend of Ye and current CEO of Yeezy Dov Charney (/wiki/Dov_Charney) . [31] (#cite_note-31) Items include t-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) 's, hoodies (/wiki/Hoodies) , joggers (/wiki/Sweatpants) , socks (/wiki/Socks) , and the YZY POD sock shoes. YEEZY PORN [ edit ] On April 24, 2024, Ye announced via social media Yeezy Porn , a pornography (/wiki/Pornography) venture with a video depicting a blank white screen with the text "YEEZY PORN IS CUMMING 4 24 24". [32] (#cite_note-32) This announcement garnered mostly negative reactions from Ye's fanbase. After the announcement the Chief of Staff at Yeezy, Milo Yiannopoulos, made his resignation public through a resignation letter detailing the cause of him leaving the company. In the letter, Yiannopoulos described that he could not "be complicit in the production or dissemination of pornographic films and literature, for moral and religious reasons". [33] (#cite_note-33) In a statement obtained by TMZ, Yiannopoulos said: “I wish Ye every success in the future. I have some concerns about his new team, and hope he proceeds with caution.” [34] (#cite_note-34) YZY APP [ edit ] In April 2024, Ye acquired two startups, YZY VSN and YZY APP, developed by fans competing for Ye's attention. After purchasing both companies for an undisclosed sum, Ye planned to merge them into an official YZY APP. The founder of the startup YZY VSN, Massimo Venezia, was hired as Software Project Lead at Yeezy. [35] (#cite_note-35) Ricky Dean Bro and Allessandro Giunta were also hired as designers by Yeezy for the app's development. The founder and creative director of the startup YZY APP is Robert Maldonado. On May 1, 2024, the development team presented a finished version of the app to Kanye West and Milo Yiannopoulos. Despite completing the project, the employees were reportedly not compensated for their work, leading to the filing of a lawsuit. The lawsuit seeks damages for unpaid wages, overtime pay, and emotional distress. Ye's wife, Bianca Censori (/wiki/Bianca_Censori) , also allegedly sent an employee a file-sharing link containing explicit sexual content. These materials were accessible to minors working on the app, exposing them to inappropriate content during their development on the project. [36] (#cite_note-36) Milo Yiannapoulos stated, on behalf of Bianca Censori, that this information was false and misleading. [37] (#cite_note-37) As of May 16, 2024, following Milo Yiannopoulos's termination from Yeezy, [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) the future of YZY App remains unknown due to no further announcements by Yeezy or Ye. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "YEEZY – Trademark Details" (https://trademarks.justia.com/869/81/yeezy-86981009.html#:~:text=YEEZY%20Trademark%20of%20Mascotte%20Holdings,Number%2086981009%20%3A%3A%20Justia%20Trademarks&text=The%20name(s)%2C%20portrait,register%20is%20made%20of%20record) . Justia Trademarks . August 6, 2013. ^ a b Standen, Dirk (September 24, 2015). "Exclusive: Kanye West Talks Yeezy Season 2, Presidential Run, and Sweatshirts" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2015/09/kanye-west-yeezy-season-2-interview) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ a b Goldens, Jessica (October 25, 2022). "Adidas terminates Ye partnership, Gap removes Yeezy items over rapper's antisemitic remarks" (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/25/adidas-terminates-partnership-with-ye-following-rappers-antisemitic-remarks.html) . The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) . Retrieved March 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Corsillo, Liza (September 17, 2015). "See Kanye West's Entire Yeezy Season 2 Collection Here" (https://www.gq.com/gallery/kanye-west-yeezy-season-2-photos) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Iredale, Jessica (September 16, 2015). "Yeezy Season 2" (https://wwd.com/runway/spring-ready-to-wear-2016/new-york/yeezy/review/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lemola, Hasse (February 12, 2016). "The Complete Set of Looks From Yeezy Season 3" (https://hypebeast.com/2016/2/yeezy-season-3-collection) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Estiler, Keith (September 8, 2016). "The Complete Set of Looks from Kanye West's YEEZY Season 4 Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2016/9/kanye-west-yeezy-season-4-collection) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Here's Every Single Look From YEEZY SEASON 5" (https://hypebeast.com/2017/2/yeezy-season-5-kanye-west-collection) . Hypebeast. February 16, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Orcutt, K. C. "Kanye West unveils Yeezy Season 6 with the help of Kim Kardashian" (https://www.revolt.tv/article/2017-12-06/35641/kanye-west-unveils-yeezy-season-6-with-the-help-of-kim-kardashian) . REVOLT . Retrieved May 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Campbell, Graeme (March 3, 2020). "The Tumultuous Story of Kanye West's YEEZY so Far" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/yeezy-season-show-history/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Leitch, Luke (March 2, 2020). "Yeezy FALL 2020 READY-TO-WEAR" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2020-ready-to-wear/kanye-west-adidas-originals) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ a b Strauss, Matthew (October 3, 2022). "Kanye West Plays James Blake Collaboration, Wears 'White Lives Matter' Shirt at Paris Fashion Week Show" (https://pitchfork.com/news/kanye-west-plays-james-blake-collaboration-wears-white-lives-matter-shirt-at-paris-fashion-week-show/) . Pitchfork . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Santiago, Elliot (October 3, 2022). "A Closer Look at Ye's YEEZY Season 9 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/10/yeezy-season-9-show-paris-photos) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . Retrieved March 30, 2024 . ^ a b "Inside Kanye's Secret YEEZY SEASON 10 Show" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/kanye-west-yeezy-season-10/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . May 15, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Chow, Aaron (May 3, 2024). "YEEZY Holds a Secret Season 10 Showcase" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/5/yeezy-secret-season-10-showcase-ye-info) . HypeBeast . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "[MEGATHREAD] YZY SZN X/YZY FREE" (https://www.reddit.com/r/GoodAssSub/comments/135bx8o/megathread_yzy_szn_xyzy_free/) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Holman, Jordyn; Friedman, Vanessa (September 15, 2022). "Hip-Hop Mogul and Gap Officially End Their Partnership" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/business/kanye-west-yeezy-gap.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230114042455/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/business/kanye-west-yeezy-gap.html) from the original on January 14, 2023 . Retrieved January 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Inman, DeMicia (February 23, 2022). "Ye And Demna Officially Introduce Yeezy Gap Engineered By Balenciaga" (https://www.vibe.com/lifestyle/fashion/ye-denma-yeezy-gap-engineered-balenciaga-1234649370/) . Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) . Retrieved October 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Caraan, Sophie (December 13, 2023). "Kanye West Launches 'YEWS' News Platform" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/12/kanye-west-launches-yews-platform-vultures) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "YEWS logo looks a lot like the WAR stuff" (https://www.reddit.com/r/GoodAssSub/comments/18fl1ic/yews_logo_looks_a_lot_like_the_war_stuff/#lightbox) . Reddit . December 30, 2023. ^ a b Duncan, Charlie (May 16, 2024). " (https://www.thepinknews.com/2024/05/16/milo-yiannopoulos-yeezy-resign-kanye-west/) 'Ex-gay' Milo Yiannopoulos steps down from Yeezy" (https://www.thepinknews.com/2024/05/16/milo-yiannopoulos-yeezy-resign-kanye-west/) . PinkNews . Retrieved May 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Brown, Preezy (May 16, 2024). "YesJulz Exposes Milo Yiannopoulos' Alleged Lies About Exit From Kanye West's Yeezy Brand" (https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/yesjulz-exposes-milo-yiannopoulos-lies-kanye-west-1234878945/) . VIBE.com . Retrieved May 27, 2024 . ^ a b Cowen, Trace (February 12, 2024). "Kanye West Is Selling Everything on His Yeezy Site for $20 'As Promised' (UPDATE)" (https://www.complex.com/style/a/tracewilliamcowen/kanye-west-yeezy-vultures-20-dollars) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . Retrieved March 27, 2024 . ^ a b Destefano, Mike (December 15, 2023). "A Timeline of Controversial Designer Gosha Rubchinskiy, the New Yeezy Head of Design" (https://www.complex.com/style/a/mike-destefano/gosha-rubchinskiy-yeezy-head-of-design-career-timeline) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . Retrieved March 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Unknown (March 27, 2024). "Everything You Need To Know About The Yeezy Pods" (https://sneakernews.com/2023/12/15/kanye-west-yzy-pod-release-info/#:~:text=The%20shoes%20were%20first%20available,in%20the%20amount%20of%20%24180) . Sneakernews . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Deng, Victor (February 12, 2024). "Kanye West Lowers Yeezy Pods Price to $20" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/victor-deng/kanye-west-yeezy-pod-sneaker-release-date) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . Retrieved March 29, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Nevares, Gabriel Bras (February 22, 2024). "Kanye West Restocks YZY GAP Collab Items For $20 Each" (https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/766493-kanye-west-yeezy-gap-website-hip-hop-news) . HotNewHipHop (/wiki/HotNewHipHop) . Retrieved March 28, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Moore, Sam (February 12, 2024). "Kanye West Stars In Low-Cost Yeezy Super Bowl Commercial After Blowing Budget On Ad Slot" (https://hiphopdx.com/news/kanye-west-super-bowl-commercial-yeezy) . HipHopDX (/wiki/HipHopDX) . Retrieved March 28, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "YEEZY.com no longer accepting orders" (https://www.reddit.com/r/GoodAssSub/comments/1dokma0/yeezycom_no_longer_accepting_orders/) . Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) . June 26, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Li, Joyce (December 15, 2023). "Ye Releases Mowalola WET Tank Recently Modeled by Bianca Censori" (https://www.complex.com/style/a/jaelaniturnerwilliams/ye-releases-mowalola-wet-tank-modeled-by-bianca-censori) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . Retrieved January 31, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Li, Joyce (January 7, 2023). "Ye Reportedly Taps American Apparel's Dov Charney as YEEZY CEO" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/7/ye-reportedly-taps-american-apparel-dov-charney-yeezy-ceo) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . Retrieved January 31, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Madarang, Charisma (April 24, 2024). "Kanye West Announces 'Yeezy Porn' Amid Reports of Adult Film Company" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kanye-west-yeezy-porn-reports-adult-film-company-1235010164/) . Rolling Stone . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Baio, Ariana (May 15, 2024). "Right-wing commentator Milo Yiannopoulos steps down as Yeezy's chief of staff" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/milo-yiannopoulos-yeezy-kayne-west-election-step-down-b2545573.html) . The Independent . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Kanye West Parts Ways With Yeezy Chief of Staff, Mass Exodus of Employees" (https://www.tmz.com/2024/05/15/kanye-west-parts-ways-yeezy-chief-of-staff-mass-exodus-employees/) . TMZ. May 15, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Suigeneris, Queen (April 17, 2024). "Kanye West (Ye) Acquires Tech Startups to Launch Official YZY App" (https://hiphopuntapped.com/kanye-west-ye-acquires-tech-startups-to-launch-official-yzy-app/) . Hip Hip Untapped . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Kanye West Co. Sued Over 'New Slaves' Allegations, Bianca Allegedly Sent Porn to Staff" (https://www.tmz.com/2024/06/30/kanye-west-sued-new-slaves-bianca-porn-racial-discrimination-milo/) . TMZ . June 30, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Bianca Censori, Milo Yiannopoulos Slam Lawsuit Claim She Sent Porn to Minors" (https://www.tmz.com/2024/07/01/bianca-censori-milo-yiannopoulos-slam-lawsuit-kanye-west/) . July 1, 2024. External links [ edit ] Official website (https://yeezy.com) Yews official website (https://yews.news) v t e Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) Albums discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_albums_discography) Singles discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_singles_discography) Production discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_production_discography) Videography (/wiki/Kanye_West_videography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Kanye_West) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kanye_West) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Kanye_West_live_performances) Views (/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West) Studio albums The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) Graduation (/wiki/Graduation_(album)) 808s & Heartbreak (/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) The Life of Pablo (/wiki/The_Life_of_Pablo) Ye (/wiki/Ye_(album)) Jesus Is King (/wiki/Jesus_Is_King) Donda (/wiki/Donda) Donda 2 (/wiki/Donda_2) Collaborative albums Watch the Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) (with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) ) Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts_(album)) (with Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) as Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts) ) Jesus Is Born (/wiki/Jesus_Is_Born) (as the Sunday Service Choir (/wiki/Sunday_Service_Choir) ) Vultures 1 (/wiki/Vultures_1) (with Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) as ¥$ (/wiki/%C2%A5$) ) Vultures 2 (/wiki/Vultures_2) (with Ty Dolla Sign as ¥$) Live albums Late Orchestration (/wiki/Late_Orchestration) VH1 Storytellers (/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_(Kanye_West_album)) Compilations Cruel Summer (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(GOOD_Music_album)) (with GOOD Music (/wiki/GOOD_Music) ) Mixtapes Can't Tell Me Nothing (/wiki/Can%27t_Tell_Me_Nothing_(mixtape)) DVDs The College Dropout Video Anthology (/wiki/The_College_Dropout_Video_Anthology) Late Orchestration (/wiki/Late_Orchestration) Films We Were Once a Fairytale (/wiki/We_Were_Once_a_Fairytale) Runaway (/wiki/Runaway_(2010_film)) Cruel Summer (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(film)) Jesus Is King (/wiki/Jesus_Is_King_(film)) Jeen-Yuhs (/wiki/Jeen-Yuhs) Tours Touch the Sky Tour (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_Tour) Glow in the Dark Tour (/wiki/Glow_in_the_Dark_Tour) Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Fame_Kills:_Starring_Kanye_West_and_Lady_Gaga) (cancelled) Watch the Throne Tour (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne_Tour) The Yeezus Tour (/wiki/The_Yeezus_Tour) Saint Pablo Tour (/wiki/Saint_Pablo_Tour) Books Glow in the Dark (/wiki/Glow_in_the_Dark_(book)) Fashion Nike Air Yeezy (/wiki/Nike_Air_Yeezy) Adidas Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) Yeezy (brand) Family Donda West (/wiki/Donda_West) (mother) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) (ex-wife) Bianca Censori (/wiki/Bianca_Censori) (wife) Devo Harris (/wiki/Devo_Harris) (cousin) Tony Williams (/wiki/The_Wrldfms_Tony_Williams) (cousin) North West (/wiki/North_West_(musician)) (daughter) The Kardashians (/wiki/Kardashian_family) (children & ex-in-laws) Related articles Dropout Bear (/wiki/Dropout_Bear) GOOD Music (/wiki/GOOD_Music) GOOD Fridays (/wiki/GOOD_Fridays) Child Rebel Soldier (/wiki/Child_Rebel_Soldier) Donda (company) (/wiki/Donda_(company)) Donda Academy (/wiki/Donda_Academy) Presidential campaigns (/wiki/Kanye_West_presidential_campaigns) Stem Player (/wiki/Stem_Player) Drake–Kanye West feud (/wiki/Drake%E2%80%93Kanye_West_feud) Category (/wiki/Category:Kanye_West) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐pscb7 Cached time: 20240716040952 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.464 seconds Real time usage: 0.581 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2836/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 88249/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4454/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 145634/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.301/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6290534/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 511.349 1 -total 45.32% 231.733 1 Template:Reflist 33.96% 173.659 29 Template:Cite_web 18.11% 92.627 2 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 17.59% 89.966 1 Template:Kanye_West 14.22% 72.732 1 Template:Infobox_product 13.59% 69.477 1 Template:Infobox 13.03% 66.653 1 Template:Short_description 7.69% 39.316 2 Template:Pagetype 4.73% 24.209 7 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76457402-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716040952 and revision id 1232678775. 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Costume worn by Raquel Welch in the film One Million Years B.C. Fur bikini of Raquel Welch Publicity featuring Raquel Welch (/wiki/Raquel_Welch) 's fur bikini in One Million Years B.C. Designer Carl Toms (/wiki/Carl_Toms) [1] (#cite_note-1) Year 1966 ( 1966 ) Type Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) / film costume (/wiki/Costume) Material Doe-skin/fur A fur/hide (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) bikini (/wiki/Bikini) was worn by Raquel Welch (/wiki/Raquel_Welch) in the 1966 British-made prehistoric saga One Million Years B.C. (/wiki/One_Million_Years_B.C.) In that bikini, she was described as "wearing mankind's first bikini" and the fur bikini was described as a "definitive look of the 1960s". [2] (#cite_note-Filmfacts_1967-2) [3] (#cite_note-Mansour-3) Publicity [ edit ] A publicity still of her in the bikini became a best-selling poster and turned her into an instant pin-up girl (/wiki/Pin-up_girl) . [4] (#cite_note-BBCW-4) The bikini raised Welch's stature as a leading sex symbol (/wiki/Sex_symbol) of the era, [5] (#cite_note-5) and the photograph became something of a cultural phenomenon as a best-selling pinup (/wiki/Pinup) picture. [6] (#cite_note-Filmfacts-6) [7] (#cite_note-Mansour2005-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The iconic pose of Welch was taken by the unit still photographer (/wiki/Unit_still_photographer) as Welch recalled in a 2012 interview. [9] (#cite_note-Menshealth-9) It was used by artist Tom Chantrell (/wiki/Tom_Chantrell) to create the film poster (/wiki/File:One_Million_Years_BC.jpg) promoting the theatrical release of One Million Years B.C. , on which Welch in her fur bikini is accompanied by the film's title in bold red lettering across a landscape populated with dinosaurs (/wiki/Dinosaur) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Publicity photos of Welch in the fur bikini became the biggest pin-up (/wiki/Pin-up) sensation since Betty Grable (/wiki/Betty_Grable) 's famous pin-up photo taken by Frank Powolny in 1943, [11] (#cite_note-epicF-11) which received 50,000 requests a month from World War II US soldiers. [12] (#cite_note-12) One of her publicity photos in the fur bikini had her hanging from a crucifix. The photo taken by Terry O'Neill (/wiki/Terry_O%27Neill_(photographer)) was deemed too scandalous and was suppressed, until it was published thirty years later by The Sunday Times Magazine (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_Magazine) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Production [ edit ] Hammer originally offered the role of Loana Shell, Welch's character, to Ursula Andress (/wiki/Ursula_Andress) , who four years earlier became a sensation rising out of the sea in a white bikini (/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress) in Dr. No (/wiki/Dr._No_(film)) , the first Bond (/wiki/James_Bond_in_film) movie. [14] (#cite_note-Telegraph-14) [15] (#cite_note-Bensimon2006-15) [16] (#cite_note-Lindner2009-16) When Andress passed on the project due to commitments and salary demands, a search for a replacement resulted in the selection of Welch. [17] (#cite_note-17) Welch, who had finished doing Fantastic Voyage (/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage) under a contract with 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) and was touted as America's Ursula Andress, [18] (#cite_note-telgen-18) was loaned out to Hammer Studios (/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions) in Britain. In a 2012 interview she said she did not want to wear the fur bikini. [19] (#cite_note-19) She believed it to be a "fate worse than death". [11] (#cite_note-epicF-11) She declined an offer of $500,000 to take part in a sequel to the film. [20] (#cite_note-20) The bikini was designed by Carl Toms (/wiki/Carl_Toms) , an award-winning theatre costume designer ( Tony Award (/wiki/Tony_Award) , 1975) who also designed for nine mostly Hammer films. She said, "Carl just draped me in doe-skin, and I stood there while he worked on it with scissors." She stated in another interview in 2012 that three form-fitting bikinis were made for her, including two for a wet scene and a fight scene (/wiki/Fight_scene) . [9] (#cite_note-Menshealth-9) Created as kind of stone-age designer bikini, [21] (#cite_note-21) it was an artfully cut fur bikini with shoulder straps. The furry part of the skin is on the inside, like a lining, and provides elegance to the edges. [22] (#cite_note-22) The fur was sometimes touted as lion fur. [23] (#cite_note-23) Toms recalled, "For One Million Years B.C. I designed a fur bikini for Raquel Welch. She had such a perfect body that I took a very soft doe skin, we stretched it on her and tied it together with thongs." [24] (#cite_note-24) The Loana character also wore well groomed hair, waxed armpits and ankle high go-go (/wiki/Go-go_boot) styled boots. In the 1940 version of the film, Carole Landis (/wiki/Carole_Landis) had worn a soft-leather version of a one-piece swimsuit in the film with similar carefully cut "random" edges as Loana. [25] (#cite_note-Holhist-25) Reception [ edit ] The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) hailed her in its review of the film (which was released in the U.K. in 1966 and in the U.S. in 1967), "A marvelous breathing monument to womankind." [26] (#cite_note-26) One author said, "Although she had only three lines in the film, her luscious figure in a fur bikini made her a star and the dream girl of millions of young moviegoers". [27] (#cite_note-Otfinoski2007-27) The European audience was delighted, leading to her being featured that year on the covers of more than 90 European magazines. [18] (#cite_note-telgen-18) In 2011, Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) listed Welch's B.C. bikini in the "Top Ten Bikinis in Pop Culture". [28] (#cite_note-28) The fur bikini was voted the most iconic bikini, followed by the white bikini Ursula Andress wore in the film (/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress) Dr. No in a poll conducted by Swimwear365 among 2,000 women. [29] (#cite_note-29) Legacy [ edit ] According to Filmfacts , Million Years gave rise to "the familiar quota of buxom starlets about to pop out of their animal skin bikinis, an awful lot of bleached hair" in films with a prehistoric setting. [6] (#cite_note-Filmfacts-6) The bikini was altered for Celeste Yarnall (/wiki/Celeste_Yarnall) to be re-used in Eve (/wiki/Eve_(1968_film)) (1968). [30] (#cite_note-30) Hammer Studios tried to re-emulate the fur bikini in Slave Girls (/wiki/Prehistoric_Women_(1967_film)) (1967) with Welch's Million Years co-star Martine Beswick (/wiki/Martine_Beswick) , When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth (/wiki/When_Dinosaurs_Ruled_the_Earth) (1970) with Victoria Vetri (/wiki/Victoria_Vetri) , and Creatures the World Forgot (/wiki/Creatures_the_World_Forgot) (1971) with Julie Ege (/wiki/Julie_Ege) . But, the Raquel Welch fur bikini remained Hammer's biggest success. [31] (#cite_note-31) Toms was the costume designer for Slave Girls and When Dinosaurs along with Million Years . [32] (#cite_note-32) In 1970, a spoof of the bikini, worn by Valerie Leon (/wiki/Valerie_Leon) , featured in the parody film Carry On Up the Jungle (/wiki/Carry_On_Up_the_Jungle) . [33] (#cite_note-33) The fur ensemble worn by Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) in the music video Survivor was inspired by Welch's fur bikini. [34] (#cite_note-34) Barbara Bach (/wiki/Barbara_Bach) 's fur bikini in Caveman (/wiki/Caveman_(film)) (1981) was a more revealing version of Welch's bikini. [25] (#cite_note-Holhist-25) The iconic publicity poster was a story element in the film The Shawshank Redemption (/wiki/The_Shawshank_Redemption) . [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Wayne Kinsey, Hammer Films: The Bray Studio Years , Reynolds & Hearn, 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-Filmfacts_1967_2-0) Filmfacts 1967 . University of Southern California. Division of Cinema. 1967 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mansour_3-0) Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century . Andrews McMeel Publishing (/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing) . p. 345. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7407-5118-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBCW_4-0) Westcott, Kathryn (5 June 2006). "The Bikini: Not a brief affair" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/5130460.stm) . BBC News . Retrieved 17 September 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bale, Miriam (10 February 2012). "The GQ&A: Raquel Welch" (https://www.gq.com/entertainment/celebrities/201202/raquel-welch-interview-sex-symbol-films-million-years-bc?currentPage=all) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Retrieved 21 August 2013 . ^ a b Filmfacts . 1967 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mansour2005_7-0) Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century . Andrews McMeel Publishing (/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing) . p. 345. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7407-5118-9 . Retrieved 28 August 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gayomali, Chris (5 July 2011). "Top 10 Bikinis in Pop Culture" (http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081003,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170730211245/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081003,00.html) from the original on 30 July 2017 . Retrieved 30 July 2017 . ^ a b Spitznagel, Eric (8 March 2012). "Interview with Raquel Welch" (http://www.menshealth.com/best-life/raquel-welch?fullpage=true) . Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health_(magazine)) . Retrieved 25 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wigley, Samuel (23 November 2016). "Amicus and the art of the film poster" (https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/amicus-and-art-film-poster) . British Film Institute . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170729160216/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/amicus-and-art-film-poster) from the original on 29 July 2017 . Retrieved 29 July 2017 . ^ a b Gary Allen Smith, Epic Films: Casts, Credits and Commentary , p. 215, McFarland, 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1476604185 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1476604185) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "100 Photos" (http://100photos.time.com/photos/betty-grable-frank-powolny) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190627193734/http://100photos.time.com/photos/betty-grable-frank-powolny) 27 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Fusaro, Kim (10 March 2016). "The Story Behind the Crucified Raquel Welch Photo Hanging In Khloe Kardashian's Home" (https://www.glamour.com/story/celebrity-news-khloe-art) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_14-0) "Former Bond girl to sell Dr No bikini" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 13 January 2011 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bensimon2006_15-0) Bensimon, Kelly Killoren (2006). The bikini book . Thames & Hudson. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-500-51316-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lindner2009_16-0) Lindner, Christoph (2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader . Manchester University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7190-8095-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Smith, Gary A. (1991). Epic Films: Casts, Credits and Commentary on over 250 Historical Spectacle Movies . Mcfarland & Co. p. 162. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0899505671 . ^ a b Diane Telgen, Notable Hispanic American Women , p. 416, VNR AG, 1993, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0810375788 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810375788) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Allen, Nick (2 March 2012). "Raquel Welch: 'I never wanted to wear fur bikini in One Million Years BC (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/9139365/Raquel-Welch-I-never-wanted-to-wear-fur-bikini-in-One-Million-Years-BC.html) ' " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/9139365/Raquel-Welch-I-never-wanted-to-wear-fur-bikini-in-One-Million-Years-BC.html) , The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-20) The Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post) , Volume 240, Curtis Publishing Company, 1967 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Ramón Espejo, Critical Essays on Chicano Studies , p. 153, Peter Lang, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3039112813 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3039112813) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Patrik Alac, Bikini Story , p. 81, Parkstone International, 2012, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1780429517 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1780429517) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Cordelia Candelaria, Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture (Volume 2), p. 883, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0313332118 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313332118) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Wayne Kinsey, Hammer Films: The Bray Studio Years , p. 128, Reynolds & Hearn, 2002, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1903111447 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1903111447) ^ a b Edward Maeder, Hollywood and History: Costume Design in Film , p. 75, Thames and Hudson, 1990, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0500014221 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500014221) ^ (#cite_ref-26) "'One Million Years B.C.' Presents a Nice Live Raquel Welch". (22 February 1967). The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-Otfinoski2007_27-0) Otfinoski, Steven (2007). Latinos in the arts . Infobase Publishing (/wiki/Infobase_Publishing) . p. 243. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8160-6394-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Gayomali, Chris (5 July 2011). "Raquel Welch's Fur Bikini in (https://web.archive.org/web/20110709010349/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081003,00.html) One Million Years B.C. – Top 10 Bikinis in Pop Culture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110709010349/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081003,00.html) . Time . Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081003,00.html) on 9 July 2011 . Retrieved 28 August 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Reynolds, Mark (4 July 2016). "Marilyn Monroe and Raquel Welch triumph over 21st century models in battle of bikini babes" (http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/686107/Marilyn-Monroe-Raquel-Welch-triumph-over-21st-century-models-battle-bikini-babes) . Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Louis Paul, Tales from the Cult Film Trenches , p. 310, McFarland, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0786429941 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786429941) ^ (#cite_ref-31) Michael Klossner, Prehistoric Humans in Film and Television , pp. 44–46, McFarland, 2006, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0786422157 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786422157) ^ (#cite_ref-32) Brian McFarlane & Anthony Slide, The Encyclopedia of British Film (4th ed.), p. 764, Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780719091391 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719091391) ^ (#cite_ref-33) Farida J Manekshah, Memory of Beheram , p. 212, eBook Versions, 2016, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1843964333 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843964333) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Shayne Lee, Erotic Revolutionaries: Black Women, Sexuality, and Popular Culture , p. 16, Government Institutes, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0761852298 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761852298) ^ (#cite_ref-35) Carr, Jay (23 September 1994). "Captivating (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232945/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8297212.html) Shawshank " (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232945/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8297212.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8297212.html) on 5 November 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Harvey, Neil (7 October 2004). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233025/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12707158.html) Shawshank Redemption gets the treatment it deserves" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233025/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12707158.html) . The Roanoke Times (/wiki/The_Roanoke_Times) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12707158.html) on 5 November 2013. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fur_bikini_of_Raquel_Welch&oldid=1180459401 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fur_bikini_of_Raquel_Welch&oldid=1180459401) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Individual bikinis (/wiki/Category:Individual_bikinis) 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1966 clothing (/wiki/Category:1966_clothing) Film memorabilia (/wiki/Category:Film_memorabilia) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022)
Submission declined on 19 April 2024 by Xkalponik (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Xkalponik) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Xkalponik) ). This submission does not appear to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . Entries should be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please rewrite your submission in a more encyclopedic format. Please make sure to avoid peacock terms (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) that promote the subject. This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Brihans+Natural+Products%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Brihans_Natural_Products) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Brihans_Natural_Products&defaults=y) Declined by Xkalponik (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Xkalponik) 3 months ago. Last edited by Xoak (/wiki/User:Xoak) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:49.36.57.10&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: Moreover, it is likely created by a group of people (multiple IP users) hired by the company. Overly excessive details on product lines only point in that direction. Speaking outside of the Paid/Promo angle, it needs a fundamental rewrite and trim to comply with our neutrality policies. X (/wiki/User:Xkalponik) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Xkalponik) ) 19:55, 19 April 2024 (UTC) Indian personal care products manufacturer Brihans Natural Products Ltd. Company type Company limited by shares (/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_shares) ISIN (/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number) INE04ZC01014 (https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=INE04ZC01014) Industry Ayurvedic (/wiki/Ayurvedic) skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) , hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) , and health care (/wiki/Health_care) products Founded 20 April 2000 ; 24 years ago ( 20 April 2000 ) Founder Mandar Agashe (/wiki/Mandar_Agashe) Headquarters Shaniwar Peth, Pune (/wiki/Shaniwar_Peth,_Pune) , Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , India (/wiki/India) Area served India (/wiki/India) United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) Key people Sheetal Agashe (/wiki/Sheetal_Agashe) ( managing director (/wiki/Managing_director) ) Products Gels (/wiki/Gel) , moisturizers (/wiki/Moisturizer) , shampoos (/wiki/Shampoo) , lotions (/wiki/Lotion) , ointments (/wiki/Ointment) , juices (/wiki/Juice) , tablets (/wiki/Tablet_(pharmacy)) , and herbal medication (/wiki/Herbal_medication) Revenue IN₹ (/wiki/Indian_rupee) 109,558,698 (2022) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) IN₹ (/wiki/Indian_rupee) 12,116,321 (2019) Total equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) IN₹ (/wiki/Indian_rupee) 250,000,000 Authorised capital (/wiki/Authorised_capital) IN₹ (/wiki/Indian_rupee) 215,000,000 Share capital (/wiki/Share_capital) (2017) Number of employees 65 (2023) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd. (/wiki/Brihan_Maharashtra_Sugar_Syndicate_Ltd.) Website brihansnatural (http://brihansnatural.com) .com (http://brihansnatural.com) Footnotes / references [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Brihans Natural Products Limited is an Indian skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) , hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) , and health care (/wiki/Health_care) products company, which manufactures and markets Ayurvedic (/wiki/Ayurvedic) personal care (/wiki/Personal_care) products. Incorporated on 20 April 2000 by Mandar Agashe (/wiki/Mandar_Agashe) , the company is headquartered in Pune (/wiki/Pune) , Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , India (/wiki/India) . Sheetal Agashe (/wiki/Sheetal_Agashe) has served as the company's managing director (/wiki/Managing_director) since January 2013. In 2022, their annual revenue (/wiki/Revenue) was estimated to be IN₹ (/wiki/Indian_rupee) 109 million. Best known for using active ingredients (/wiki/Active_ingredient) derived from natural products (/wiki/Natural_product) , their products have been widely used for scientific research (/wiki/Scientific_research) in the fields of pharmacognosy (/wiki/Pharmacognosy) , botany (/wiki/Botany) , chemistry (/wiki/Chemistry) , food technology (/wiki/Food_technology) , and food science (/wiki/Food_science) . The company's flagship brand (/wiki/Flagship_brand) , Greenleaf, has been the recipient of several accolades, including a Promising Brands Award (/wiki/Economic_Times_Awards) from The Economic Times (/wiki/The_Economic_Times) in December 2019, a Femina Power Brands Award (/wiki/Femina_(India)) from Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) in January 2022, and an Outlook Business Movers & Shakers Award (/wiki/Outlook_(Indian_magazine)) from Outlook (/wiki/Outlook_(Indian_magazine)) in May 2022. History [ edit ] Under Mandar Agashe: 1998 — 2013 [ edit ] Since 1998, the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate (/wiki/Brihan_Maharashtra_Sugar_Syndicate) had established Brihans Pharmaceuticals in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , [5] (#cite_note-Babu-5) a division (/wiki/Division_(business)) set up to research and develop herbal medication (/wiki/Herbal_medication) using allopathic (/wiki/Allopathic_medicine) delivery systems (/wiki/Delivery_systems) and Ayurvedic formulae (/wiki/Ayurveda) . Noticing the side effects (/wiki/Side_effect) caused by cosmetic products (/wiki/Cosmetic_products) , the company conducted test marketing (/wiki/Test_marketing) to determine the gap in the market (/wiki/Gap_in_the_market) for skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) and hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) products with Ayurvedic formulae in Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) in August 1999, and then nationally by February 2000. [6] (#cite_note-Udyog_Ratna-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Brihans Natural Products was formally incorporated by Mandar Agashe (/wiki/Mandar_Agashe) on 20 April 2000 as a private limited company (/wiki/Private_limited_company) , and as a subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) of the Syndicate. [8] (#cite_note-8) By September 2001, using a wide distribution network (/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)) , the company had set up 19 branches serving 700 distributors across India (/wiki/India) . The company exported its products to the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) , Oman (/wiki/Oman) , Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) , and the Maldives (/wiki/Maldives) by then. The company initially launched the brands CleanComb and OraHeal, the former was a dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) and hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) prevention lotion (/wiki/Lotion) , while the latter was a chewable tablet (/wiki/Chewable_tablet) for mouth ulcers (/wiki/Mouth_ulcer) . That same year, the company was awarded an Udyog Ratna Excellence Award from the Institute of Economic Studies, in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) . [6] (#cite_note-Udyog_Ratna-6) In December 2002, the company launched a shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) under the CleanComb brand and a skin gel (/wiki/Gel) under the brand Greenleaf. [a] (#cite_note-12) It had also established a division to distribute to beauty parlours (/wiki/Beauty_parlour) . [9] (#cite_note-Business_Line-9) In January 2003, the company announced plans to export to the United States (/wiki/United_States) and Europe (/wiki/Europe) , announcing a partnership (/wiki/Partnership) with TSI, to export Aloe vera (/wiki/Aloe_vera) juice and powder to be manufactured into personal care products (/wiki/Personal_care_products) for distribution within Europe from Germany (/wiki/Germany) . The company was additionally exporting to Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) , Mauritius (/wiki/Mauritius) , Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) , and South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) at the time. [12] (#cite_note-Financial_Express-13) By January 2004, the company was manufacturing several Aloe vera -based products under the brand Greenleaf, cucumber (/wiki/Cucumber) based products under the brand CucumWhite, [13] (#cite_note-Business_India-14) and had introduced a hibiscus (/wiki/Hibiscus) based hair gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) under the brand JasRed. [14] (#cite_note-Asian_Gifts-15) By November of that same year, the company began exporting to Australia (/wiki/Australia) and South East Asia (/wiki/South_East_Asia) . [15] (#cite_note-16) In January 2006, The Economic Times (/wiki/The_Economic_Times) reported the company processed standardized (/wiki/Standardized) batches of Aloe barbadensis (/wiki/Aloe_barbadensis) to prevent contamination (/wiki/Contamination) in its products. [16] (#cite_note-ET06-17) By March of that same year, the company had launched health juices under the brand Brimune, [17] (#cite_note-TOI06-18) and further launched a turmeric (/wiki/Turmeric) based face wash (/wiki/Face_wash) in June that same year. [18] (#cite_note-19) Since 2007, the company was headquartered (/wiki/Headquarters) in Shaniwar Peth, Pune (/wiki/Shaniwar_Peth,_Pune) . [19] (#cite_note-20) Under Sheetal Agashe: 2013 — present [ edit ] In January 2013, Sheetal Agashe (/wiki/Sheetal_Agashe) was appointed as the managing director (/wiki/Managing_director) of the company, having previously served as their chief executive officer (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) since 2005. [20] (#cite_note-Chaitanya-21) In October 2013, the company's trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) was trademarked (/wiki/Trademark) . [21] (#cite_note-22) By May 2014, the company was exporting to Réunion (/wiki/R%C3%A9union) and Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) and manufactured most of its range with Aloe vera as the prime ingredient, [22] (#cite_note-Acharya-23) with the company's product range being restructured by Agashe under the umbrella brand (/wiki/Umbrella_brand) Greenleaf by 2016. [20] (#cite_note-Chaitanya-21) In October 2016, the company's flagship brand (/wiki/Flagship_brand) Greenleaf was shortlists as one of India's most trusted brands by the business analysis (/wiki/Business_analysis) firm IBC InfoMedia. [23] (#cite_note-Kulkarni-24) [24] (#cite_note-Arora-25) In July 2017, the company sponsored Vikram Phadnis (/wiki/Vikram_Phadnis) 's directorial debut (/wiki/Directorial_debut) , Hrudayantar (/wiki/Hrudayantar) (2017), starring Mukta Barve (/wiki/Mukta_Barve) and Subodh Bhave (/wiki/Subodh_Bhave) . The company's products were placed (/wiki/Product_placement) in scenes throughout the film. [23] (#cite_note-Kulkarni-24) In August of that year, the company was reported to be among the major contributors to the India Aloe vera products market, with Patanjali Ayurved (/wiki/Patanjali_Ayurved) , Dabur (/wiki/Dabur) , the Baidyanath Group (/wiki/Baidyanath_Group) , and the Himalaya Wellness Company (/wiki/Himalaya_Wellness_Company) listed as its primary competitors (/wiki/Competition) . [25] (#cite_note-26) [26] (#cite_note-27) In March 2018, the company's flagship brand Greenleaf, was one of the brand sponsors for the Marathi (/wiki/Marathi_language) edition of the Mirchi Music Awards (/wiki/Mirchi_Music_Awards) . [27] (#cite_note-28) In September of that year, the company further sponsored Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) magazine's Mrs. Stylista beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) . [28] (#cite_note-29) In December of that year, the company was awarded an India's Most Admired Brand Award by the market research (/wiki/Market_research) firm White Page India. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENairK.Pahari201828–29-30) By April 2019, the company sourced locally produced Aloe vera , Phyllanthus emblica (/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica) , and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis for its production, further sourcing its raw material (/wiki/Raw_material) from drought (/wiki/Drought) -prone Solapur (/wiki/Solapur) in Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) . The company's marketing strategy (/wiki/Marketing_strategy) further included celebrity endorsements (/wiki/Celebrity_endorsement) , film product placements, and award show (/wiki/Award_show) sponsorships. [23] (#cite_note-Kulkarni-24) In May of that year, the company was reported to have a significant global market share (/wiki/Market_share) of Aloe vera on the Indian subcontinent (/wiki/Indian_subcontinent) , alongside Patanjali Ayurved, Dabur, the Himalaya Wellness Company, Fabindia (/wiki/Fabindia) , and Forest Essentials (/wiki/Forest_Essentials) . [30] (#cite_note-31) In July of that year, Malaika Arora (/wiki/Malaika_Arora) endorsed the company's Greenleaf Aloe Vera Skin Gel product over social media (/wiki/Social_media) , [31] (#cite_note-32) and in subsequent sponsored columns (/wiki/Column_(periodical)) in Times Life (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) in May and June of that year, praising the product's ingredients, features, uses, and benefits for the summer (/wiki/Summer) . [32] (#cite_note-33) In August of that year, the company's flagship brand was once again shortlisted as that year's most trusted brands from IBC InfoMedia. [24] (#cite_note-Arora-25) In December of that year, the company's flagship brand further received a Promising Brand Award (/wiki/Economic_Times_Awards) from The Economic Times , [33] (#cite_note-34) [24] (#cite_note-Arora-25) further appearing as one of the brand sponsors at the 6th Filmfare Glamour and Style Awards (/wiki/Filmfare) . [34] (#cite_note-35) In December 2020, the company launched an Aloe vera and 60% w/w (/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)) alcohol (/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)) based hand sanitizer (/wiki/Hand_sanitizer) and an Aloe vera based liquid hand soap (/wiki/Hand_soap) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [35] (#cite_note-36) By July 2021, the company exported its products across India, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) , and Malaysia. [36] (#cite_note-Arya-37) In January 2022, the company's flagship brand was the recipient of Femina magazine's Power Brands Awards. [37] (#cite_note-38) In May of that year, the company itself was awarded a Best of Bharat Award from the Exchange4Media Group, [38] (#cite_note-39) and the company's flagship brand was awarded a Movers and Shakers Award from Outlook (/wiki/Outlook_(Indian_magazine)) that same month. [39] (#cite_note-40) In August that same year, the company was a brand sponsor for the 67th Filmfare Awards (/wiki/67th_Filmfare_Awards) . [40] (#cite_note-41) In 2023, the company further brand sponsored the Sakal Premier Awards (/wiki/Sakal) in April, [41] (#cite_note-42) the Grazia Millennial Awards (/wiki/Grazia_India) in June, [42] (#cite_note-43) the Bhojpuri Icon Awards (/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema) by Filmfare (/wiki/Filmfare) and Femina in July, [43] (#cite_note-44) and the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards (/wiki/2023_Filmfare_OTT_Awards) in November. [44] (#cite_note-45) That same month, the company launched a hair serum (/wiki/Hair_serum) for hair loss containing Aloe vera , Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , Lawsonia inermis (/wiki/Lawsonia_inermis) , Phyllanthus emblica , and Eclipta prostrata (/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata) as its primary ingredients. [45] (#cite_note-Whats_Hot-46) Products [ edit ] The company manufactures skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) and hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) products that have active ingredients (/wiki/Active_ingredient) that are derived from the natural products (/wiki/Natural_product) of biological activity (/wiki/Biological_activity) as compared to artificial chemicals (/wiki/Artificial_chemistry) generally used in most cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENairK.Pahari201829-47) [47] (#cite_note-Shahi-48) Greenleaf [ edit ] Since its introduction in December 2002, [9] (#cite_note-Business_Line-9) Greenleaf has been the flagship (/wiki/Flagship) brand promoted by the company. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENairK.Pahari201829-47) The company has manufactured several gels, moisturizers (/wiki/Moisturizer) , shampoos, and ointments (/wiki/Ointment) under the flagship. The products claim to relieve acne (/wiki/Acne) , rashes (/wiki/Rash) , and dandruff. Aloe vera , Curcuma longa , Melaleuca alternifolia (/wiki/Melaleuca_alternifolia) , Cucumis sativus , Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , Prunus amygdalus (/wiki/Almond) , and Garcinia indica (/wiki/Garcinia_indica) are some of the ingredients used in the manufacturing. [24] (#cite_note-Arora-25) [47] (#cite_note-Shahi-48) The products have generally been marketed for the summer season. [48] (#cite_note-Rathod-49) The company received the trademarked for the brand in December 2019. [11] (#cite_note-ITN2019-11) Since 2016, Greenleaf has also served as the umbrella brand (/wiki/Umbrella_brand) for the company, [20] (#cite_note-Chaitanya-21) with the brands CucumWhite and JasRed initially introduced under Mandar Agashe before 2004, [13] (#cite_note-Business_India-14) [14] (#cite_note-Asian_Gifts-15) being restructured under the Greenleaf flagship by Sheetal Agashe. [20] (#cite_note-Chaitanya-21) [36] (#cite_note-Arya-37) The flagship has also been the recipient of numerous accolades from The Economic Times , Femina , and Outlook . [47] (#cite_note-Shahi-48) Brimune [ edit ] The brand Brimune was launched in March 2006. The company has promoted sugar free (/wiki/Sugar_free) health juices under the brand label. [17] (#cite_note-TOI06-18) Previously, the company had exported its Aloe vera juice to Europe without a brand label. [12] (#cite_note-Financial_Express-13) Aloe vera and Phyllanthus emblica are the two ingredients used. [17] (#cite_note-TOI06-18) The juices are typically fibrous (/wiki/Fiber) in consistency, [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgashe20226-50) and are marketed as nutritional supplements (/wiki/Nutritional_supplement) and immunity builders (/wiki/Immunity_(medicine)) . [24] (#cite_note-Arora-25) CleanComb [ edit ] CleanComb was one of the initial brands launched by the company in April 2000. [50] (#cite_note-51) The brand initially promoted a dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) and hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) prevention lotion (/wiki/Lotion) and the formulation included twelve Ayurvedic herbs (/wiki/Herb) , [6] (#cite_note-Udyog_Ratna-6) before introducing a shampoo in December 2002. [9] (#cite_note-Business_Line-9) The brand was subsequently discontinued following consumer complaints filed with the Advertising Standard Council of India (/wiki/Advertising_Standard_Council_of_India) for the brand's product advertisements (/wiki/Advertisement) in April 2014. [51] (#cite_note-BestMediaInfo-52) The brand's trademark was granted to the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate, the parent company of Brihans Natural Products, in May 2014. [52] (#cite_note-53) In December 2023, the company launched a hair serum to treat hair loss under its Greenleaf flagship. [45] (#cite_note-Whats_Hot-46) OraHeal [ edit ] OraHeal was one of the initial brands launched by the company in April 2000. The brand promoted a chewable tablet for mouth ulcers, originally marketed as an over-the-counter (/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug) herbal medicine (/wiki/Herbal_medicine) . [6] (#cite_note-Udyog_Ratna-6) Glycyrrhiza glabra (/wiki/Glycyrrhiza_glabra) and Acacia catechu (/wiki/Acacia_catechu) were the ingredients used in the tablets. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgashe20226-50) The brand's trademark was granted to the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate, the parent company of Brihans Natural Products, in May 2014. [53] (#cite_note-54) Research [ edit ] The company's products have been widely used in scientific research (/wiki/Scientific_research) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENairK.Pahari201829-47) [16] (#cite_note-ET06-17) [5] (#cite_note-Babu-5) The company's initial organic (/wiki/Organic_farming) Aloe vera juice exports to Europe (/wiki/Europe) were cited in a December 2009 study published by the journal Beverage & Food World conducted by Singh et al (/wiki/Et_al) from the food technology (/wiki/Food_technology) departments of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute (/wiki/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute) and the National Productivity Council (/wiki/National_Productivity_Council) , researching the use of hurdle technology (/wiki/Hurdle_technology) in determining the effects of pasteurisation (/wiki/Pasteurisation) or the use of preservatives (/wiki/Preservatives) as efficient preservation methods on the pH (/wiki/PH) and total suspended solids (/wiki/Total_suspended_solids) in Aloe vera juice. [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinghKumarShalini200915–19-55) In a September 2023 study published by the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (/wiki/Journal_of_Photochemistry_and_Photobiology) in January 2024, Sahoo et al sought to study if N-acetylcysteine (/wiki/N-acetylcysteine) would photo-stabilize (/wiki/Photochemistry) avobenzone (/wiki/Avobenzone) under natural sunlight (/wiki/Sunlight) by integrating avobenzone, N-acetylcysteine as a wound healing agent, and glutathione (/wiki/Glutathione) as a skin whitener (/wiki/Skin_whitener) into the company's Greenleaf Aloe Cucumber Gel using Ellman's reagent (/wiki/Ellman%27s_reagent) . Their findings concluded that their integrated formulation with the Greenleaf Aloe Cucumber Gel protected the skin against UVA radiation because the N-acetylcysteine deactivated the keto-avobenzone, and promoted keto-enol (/wiki/Enol) tautomerization (/wiki/Tautomerization) . [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESahooJenaMohantyBiswal2024-56) Controversies [ edit ] In April 2014, the company's advertisement for its hair loss lotion brand CleanComb was complained against to the Consumer Complaints Council of the Advertising Standard Council of India (/wiki/Advertising_Standard_Council_of_India) . The complaints alleged that the advertisement misled customers in violation of the Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Magic_Remedies_(Objectionable_Advertisements)_Act,_1954) . The company's brand was one of several consumer brands (/wiki/Final_good) from the health care (/wiki/Health_care) and personal care products industries to be complained against. [51] (#cite_note-BestMediaInfo-52) In October 2017, the Consumer Complaints Council of the Advertising Standard Council of India further upheld consumer complaints against the company's advertisement of their flagship Greenleaf Pure Aloe Vera Skin Gel product. The complaints alleged that the company's use of the "India's Most Trusted Brand Award 2016" from IBC InfoMedia was unreferenced within the advertisement, further alleging that the survey methodology (/wiki/Survey_methodology) , survey data (/wiki/Survey_data) , evaluation criteria (/wiki/Evaluation_strategy) , and competitor analysis (/wiki/Competitor_analysis) for the award were missing from the advertisement. [56] (#cite_note-Moneylife-57) [57] (#cite_note-AFAQs-58) The complaints further alleged that the product's claimed effects against acne, sunburn (/wiki/Sunburn) , rashes, skin allergies (/wiki/Skin_allergies) , cuts, and wounds (/wiki/Wound) were inadequately substantiated with comparative research (/wiki/Comparative_research) for product efficacy (/wiki/Efficacy) , and thus misleading (/wiki/Misleading) as per the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954, and the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Rules,_1945) . [56] (#cite_note-Moneylife-57) [57] (#cite_note-AFAQs-58) As a result, the company conducted clinical trials (/wiki/Clinical_trial) in April 2018 for the product which allegedly proved (/wiki/Funding_of_science#Conflict_of_Interest) that it reduced inflammation (/wiki/Inflammation) and improved healing (/wiki/Healing) of the skin. [36] (#cite_note-Arya-37) See also [ edit ] FMCG in India (/wiki/FMCG_in_India) Ayurveda (/wiki/Ayurveda) Alternative medicine (/wiki/Alternative_medicine) Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-12) The brand name was initially stylized (/wiki/Stylized) as "Green Leaf", [9] (#cite_note-Business_Line-9) but has been stylized as "Greenleaf" as of 2022. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgashe20222-10) Its 2019 trademark (/wiki/Trademark) registration was for both stylizations. [11] (#cite_note-ITN2019-11) This article uses the latest style for consistency. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Brihans Natural Products Company Profile" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/brihans-natural-products-limited/U74999PN2000PLC014774) . The Economic Times (/wiki/The_Economic_Times) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Brihans Natural Products - Private Company Overview" (https://finance.yahoo.com/company/brihans-natural?h=eyJlIjoiYnJpaGFucy1uYXR1cmFsIiwibiI6IkJyaWhhbnMgTmF0dXJhbCBQcm9kdWN0cyJ9&.tsrc=fin-srch) . Yahoo! Finance (/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance) . Retrieved 19 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Brihans Natural Products Limited Company Profile" (https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/BRIHANS-NATURAL-PRODUCTS-LIMITED/U74999PN2000PLC014774#:~:text=Brihans%20Natural%20Products%20Limited%20is,paid%20up%20capital%20is%20Rs.) . Zauba Corp . 21 April 2023 . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Brihans Natural" (https://tracxn.com/a/d/company/R5ReGiyuuiNb6Ia6RcIoKOlH8XHiCuPkbiErTGmvdIU/brihansnatural.com#a:key-metrics) . Tracxn . 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OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 52472047 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52472047) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via University of Chicago (/wiki/University_of_Chicago) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Company News and Notes . Ministry of Commerce & Industry (/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)) . July 2000. p. 46 . Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via University of California, Berkeley (/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Brihans unveils new products" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050201124549/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/12/03/stories/2002120300570604.htm) . Business Line (/wiki/Business_Line) . Pune (/wiki/Pune) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . 3 December 2002. Archived from the original (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/12/03/stories/2002120300570604.htm) on 1 February 2005 . 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OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 4525594 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4525594) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via University of Virginia (/wiki/University_of_Virginia) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Anti-oxidant gel enriched with Vitamin C" (https://books.google.com/books?id=h7-ZAAAAIAAJ) . Asian Sources Gifts & Home Products . 22 (11–12). Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) : Trade Media Limited: 344. 2004. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1010-9579 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1010-9579) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 15071084 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15071084) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via University of California (/wiki/University_of_California) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Corporate Briefs: Brihans move" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/corporate-briefs-04-11-2004/cid/699130) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)) . 4 November 2004 . 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Archived from the original (http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOIPU/2006/03/08/28/Ar02800.xml&CollName=TOI_PUNE_ARCHIVE&DOCID=376040&Keyword=((%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBrihans%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3ENatural%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EProducts))&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=GIF) on 31 August 2017 . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Brand Launches: Healing Aloe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170924225208/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=ETPU/2006/06/21/26/Ar02603.xml&CollName=ET_PUNE_ARCHIVE&DOCID=143898&Keyword=%28%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EBrihans%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3ENatural%3Cphrase%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3EProducts%29%29&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=GIF) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 21 June 2006. p. 26. 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"6 Aloe Vera Products That Will Make You Go 'A Loe You Very Much' (https://www.whatshot.in/pune/6-aloe-vera-products-that-will-make-you-go-a-loe-you-very-much-c-31669) " (https://www.whatshot.in/pune/6-aloe-vera-products-that-will-make-you-go-a-loe-you-very-much-c-31669) . Whats Hot . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "India Aloe Vera Products Market By End Use Application, By Form, By Distribution Channel, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2012 - 2022" (https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/india-aloe-vera-products-market-by-end-use-application-by-form-by-distribution-channel-competition-forecast-opportunities-2012-2022-1002267082?miRedirects=1) (Press release). New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) : Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . 17 August 2017 . 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Malaika swears by aloe vera, and here's why you should too" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/aloe-vera-tips-by-malaika/articleshow/69268221.cms?from=mdr) . Times Life (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . TNN (/wiki/Times_News_Network) . p. 3 . Retrieved 21 February 2024 . Arora, Malaika (19 May 2019). "Aloe Vera tips by Malaika Arora! For dry skin, apply a mix of aloe vera gel and moisturising lotion/cream" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/aloe-vera-tips-by-malaika-arora/articleshow/69371304.cms?from=mdr) . Times Life (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . TNN (/wiki/Times_News_Network) . p. 3 . Retrieved 21 February 2024 . Arora, Malaika (16 June 2019). "Aloe Vera tips by Malaika! Lesser known uses of Aloe Vera!" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/aloe-vera-tips-by-malaika/articleshow/69784904.cms) . Times Life (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . TNN (/wiki/Times_News_Network) . p. 3 . 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(https://reader.magzter.com/preview/uubtmuvi5cqxq2xsgofbo11044710/1104471) . Filmfare (/wiki/Filmfare) . Vol. 71. p. 90. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-7277 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-7277) . RNI 1619/1957 (http://rni.nic.in/T_Appl_Status_LetterDownload/Title_Application_Status.aspx) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 – via Magzter (/wiki/Magzter) . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Patil, Vaishali (15 April 2023). "Sakal Premier Awards 2023: 'सकाळ प्रीमियर' सोहळ्यात गुणवंतांचा गौरव." (https://www.esakal.com/image-story/sakal-premier-awards-2023-sakal-premier-ceremony-honors-the-meritorious-photo-viral-vnp98) Sakal (/wiki/Sakal) (in Marathi) . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Lokhandwala, Yusuf (July 2023). Dhondy, Mehernaaz (ed.). "All About The Grazia Millennial Awards 2023" (https://www.magzter.com/IN/Worldwide-Media/Grazia-India/Fashion/1386322) . Grazia India (/wiki/Grazia_India) . Vol. 16, no. 4. Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . pp. 62–66. 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(https://www.whatshot.in/pune/give-your-hair-the-care-it-deserves-with-the-greenleaf-anti-hair-fall-hair-serum-from-brihans-natural-products-c-42918) . Whats Hot . 17 November 2023 . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Nair, K. & Pahari 2018 (#CITEREFNairK.Pahari2018) , p. 29. ^ Jump up to: a b c Shahi, Sukriti (28 October 2021). "This Homegrown Brand Offers All-Natural Aloe Vera Products For Beauty Needs" (https://www.femina.in/beauty/products/all-natural-aloe-vera-products-for-beauty-needs-210164.html) . Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) . Retrieved 18 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rathod_49-0) Rathod, Kalwyna (31 March 2023). "Bid Goodbye To Summer Skin Problems With Aloe Vera Gel" (https://www.femina.in/beauty/skin/bid-goodbye-to-summer-skin-problems-with-aloe-vera-gel-261695.html) . Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) . 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Retrieved 16 February 2024 . Bibliography [ edit ] Singh, Shiv; Kumar, Anil; Shalini, Rachana (December 2009). "Effect of preservation techniques and Storage Conditions on TSS and pH of Flavoured Aloe Vera juice" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237044130) . Beverage & Food World . Bombay (/wiki/Bombay) : Amalgamated Press: 15–19. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0970-6194 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0970-6194) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 39134968 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39134968) . Retrieved 17 February 2024 – via ResearchGate (/wiki/ResearchGate) . Sahoo, Deepak Kumar; Jena, Subhrakant; Mohanty, Pranay; Biswal, Himansu S.; Gowd, Konkallu Hanumae (15 January 2024). "Probing the photostability of avobenzone with N-acetylcysteine using UV spectroscopy, computational studies and integration into aloe vera gel" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1010603023006615) . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (/wiki/Journal_of_Photochemistry_and_Photobiology) . 447 (A: Chemistry (/wiki/Chemistry) ). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115196 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jphotochem.2023.115196) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1010-6030 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1010-6030) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 262988495 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:262988495) . Retrieved 17 February 2024 – via Elsevier (/wiki/Elsevier) . Further reading [ edit ] Nair, Siddharth; K., Samir; Pahari, Aishi (2018). "Brihans Natural Products". In Sen, Anusua; Baweja, Garima; Zafar, S. (eds.). India's Most Admired Brands 2018-19 : Research by White Page ( Coffee table book (/wiki/Coffee_table_book) ). Vol. VII. Research directed (/wiki/Research_director) by Makky, M. Y. New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) : Pegasus Events & IQ Design Studio. Agashe, Sheetal (/wiki/Sheetal_Agashe) , ed. (20 April 2022). Brihans Natural Products Brochure ( Brochure (/wiki/Brochure) ). Illustrated by Biradar, Leena. Pune (/wiki/Pune) : Brihans Group. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1397301619 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1397301619) . Retrieved 17 February 2024 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.brihansnatural.com/) Business data for Brihans Natural Products Limited: Yahoo! 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Ruifuxiang silk store in Beijing The Ruifuxiang Silk Store ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 瑞 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%91%9E) 蚨 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9A%A8) 祥 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%A5) 绸 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B8) 布 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83) 店 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%97) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Ruì Fú Xiáng Chóu Bù Diàn ) is a chain of silk stores in eastern China (/wiki/China) . The Ruifuxiang stores were founded by Meng Hongsheng, a descendant of the Confucian philosopher Mencius (/wiki/Mencius) (Chinese family name Meng) [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) from Jiujun County to the north of Zhangqiu City (/wiki/Zhangqiu) , Shandong (/wiki/Shandong) Province (/wiki/Province_of_China) . The Meng family had been in the clothing business since the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor) (1661-1722). [2] (#cite_note-vjourney-2) In the beginning, Meng Hongsheng traded in a locally produced coarse cloth that was popular among peasants for its durability and low price. [3] (#cite_note-chinaculture-3) Accordingly, the business strategy was based on large sales volumes and small profit margins. [3] (#cite_note-chinaculture-3) Later Meng Hongsheng set up chain stores in cities such as Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin and began to extend his business into the market for luxury items like silk, satin, tea, and furs). [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) Most of the store names such as Ruifuxiang, Qianxiangyi, Quanxiang, Longxiang, Hongxiang, Ruishengxiang, Qingxiang contained the character "Xiang" ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 祥 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%A5) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Xiáng ) and were hence collectively known as the "Xiang stores". [2] (#cite_note-vjourney-2) The name Ruifuxiang alludes to the "Qingfu" ( 青蚨 ), a legendary insect that could bring wealth, [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) [3] (#cite_note-chinaculture-3) and also appears on some versions of the Rui Fu Xiang logo. In 1862, the Mengs opened the Ruifuxiang store in the western part of Jinan (/wiki/Jinan) that traded mainly in silk and satins. [2] (#cite_note-vjourney-2) A branch in Beijing followed one year later. [2] (#cite_note-vjourney-2) This branch store was destroyed in 1900, when the Eight-Nation Alliance (/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance) invaded Beijing to put down the Boxer Rebellion (/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion) . [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) It was rebuilt shortly thereafter. [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) Business peaked in the 1920s and 1930, when Meng Luochuan was at the helm of the family enterprise. By the 1940s, the Meng family business was made up of more than 96 stores and other ventures. These included 50 silk and 20 tea stores [2] (#cite_note-vjourney-2) as well as pawnshops and banks. [3] (#cite_note-chinaculture-3) The Meng businesses were located in places such as Jinan (/wiki/Jinan) , Qingdao (/wiki/Qingdao) , Yantai (/wiki/Yantai) , Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) , Tianjin (/wiki/Tianjin) , Baoding (/wiki/Baoding) , Shenyang (/wiki/Shenyang) , Harbin (/wiki/Harbin) , Suzhou (/wiki/Suzhou) , Hangzhou (/wiki/Hangzhou) , and Fujian (/wiki/Fujian) Province. The first flag of People's Republic of China (/wiki/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China) raised in Beijing's Tiananmen Square (/wiki/Tiananmen_Square) on 1 October 1949 was made from Ruifuxiang silk. [1] (#cite_note-ebeijing-1) The business concept and management philosophy of the Ruifuxiang stores have been cited as a source of inspiration that Sam Walton (/wiki/Sam_Walton) used in the establishment of Wal-Mart (/wiki/Wal-Mart) . [3] (#cite_note-chinaculture-3) Stores [ edit ] 215 Jinger Street, Jinan, Shandong ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 经 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F) 二 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C) 路 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF) 215 号 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B7) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Jīng'èr Lù 215 hào ), 36°39′49.39″N 116°59′3.48″E / 36.6637194°N 116.9843000°E / 36.6637194; 116.9843000 5 Dashilangjie, Qianmenwai, Beijing, 39°53′40.50″N 116°23′27.38″E / 39.8945833°N 116.3909389°E / 39.8945833; 116.3909389 See also [ edit ] List of sites in Jinan (/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Ruifuxiang - online article by www.ebeijing.gov.cn (http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/feature_2/hsib/shop/t1013796.htm) ^ a b c d e Jinan Ruifuxiang - online article by www.vjourney.com (http://www.vjourney.com/en/shandong/jinan/shop/s1/2007-12-13/264.html) [ permanent dead link ] ^ a b c d e Rui Fu Xiang vs. Wal-Mart - online article by www.chinaculture.org (http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_madeinchina/2006-02/20/content_79495.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081121091614/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_madeinchina/2006-02/20/content_79495.htm) 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rui Fu Xiang (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rui_Fu_Xiang) . official website (http://www.ruifuxiang.cn) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐sdqrz Cached time: 20240721140655 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.189 seconds Real time usage: 0.633 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 992/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11081/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1266/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6927/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.111/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16395769/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 234.978 1 -total 40.67% 95.569 1 Template:Lang 20.95% 49.231 1 Template:Reflist 18.67% 43.875 1 Template:Commons_category 17.98% 42.241 1 Template:Sister_project 17.31% 40.665 1 Template:Side_box 12.51% 29.388 1 Template:Dead_link 10.85% 25.499 1 Template:Fix 10.51% 24.697 3 Template:Zh 10.47% 24.611 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23799979-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721140655 and revision id 1201829896. 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Find sources: "GirlsAward 2016 Autumn/Winter" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22GirlsAward+2016+Autumn%2FWinter%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) GirlsAward 2016 Autumn/Winter Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Date(s) October 8, 2016 Location(s) Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan Inaugurated 2010 Founder GirlsAward executive committee Previous event 2016 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2016_Spring/Summer) Next event 2017 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2017_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) Attendance 31,000 [1] (#cite_note-1) Sponsors Ministry of Foreign Affairs (/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)) , Tokyo Metropolitan Government (/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government) Fuji Television (/wiki/Fuji_Television) Website girls-award (http://girls-award.com/) .com (http://girls-award.com/) GirlsAward (/wiki/GirlsAward) 2016 Autumn/Winter ( ガールズアワード 2016 Autumn/Winter ) is a fashion and music event held on October 8, 2016, at Yoyogi National Gymnasium 1st Gymnasium (/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium) in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The main MCs were Minami Takahashi (/wiki/Minami_Takahashi) , Ryōta Yamasato (/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dta_Yamasato) and Yurika Mita. [4] (#cite_note-modelpress20161008-4) In this event, Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) made their 8th appearance and became the most participants. [5] (#cite_note-5) The event was partially streamed on Line Live (/wiki/Line_(application)) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Models [ edit ] Chiemi Aikou, Aya Asahina, Nanami Abe, Mayuko Arisue (/wiki/Mayuko_Arisue) , Niko Andō, Erika Ikuta (/wiki/Erika_Ikuta) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ), Elaiza Ikeda (/wiki/Elaiza_Ikeda) , Miyū Ikeda, Nicole Ishida, Nina Itō, Marika Itō (/wiki/Marika_It%C5%8D) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ), Asuka Eiki, Amy, Shiori Enatsu, emma, Emma Jasmine, Eri Ōishi, Mitsuki Oishi (/wiki/Mitsuki_Oishi) , Ai Okawa (/wiki/Ai_Okawa) , Yui Okada, Nanaka Ozawa ( X21 (/wiki/X21_(band)) ), Yurano Ochi, Saya Kagawa, Miwako Kakei, Nana Katō, CAROLINA, Mayuko Kawakita (/wiki/Mayuko_Kawakita) , Hinako Kitano (Nogizaka46), Runa Kuwata, Yui Kobayashi (/wiki/Yui_Kobayashi) ( Keyakizaka46 (/wiki/Keyakizaka46) ), Chihiro Kondō, Asuka Saitō (/wiki/Asuka_Sait%C5%8D) (Nogizaka46), Rikako Sakata (/wiki/Rikako_Sakata) , Noa Sakuma, Yui Sakuma, Arisa Sato (/wiki/Arisa_Sato_(model)) , Hinako Sano (/wiki/Hinako_Sano) , Monica Sahara, Sara, Yuki Shikanuma, Mai Shiraishi (/wiki/Mai_Shiraishi) (Nogizaka46), Shū Takada, Karen Takizawa (/wiki/Karen_Takizawa) , Eri Tachibana, Mei Tanaka, Kaho Tanabe, Misaki Tanabe, Maria Tani, Tina Tamashiro (/wiki/Tina_Tamashiro) , Akemi Darenogare, Misato Tsuboi, Tokico, Natsue Tokumoto, Reina Triendl (/wiki/Reina_Triendl) , Minori Nakada, An Nakamura, Nanao (/wiki/Nanao_(model)) , Tomoko Nozaki, Moeka Nozaki, Nanami Hashimoto (/wiki/Nanami_Hashimoto) (Nogizaka46), Mizuho Habu (/wiki/Mizuho_Habu) (Keyakizaka46), Yorika Hamada, Miyu Hayashida, Yurina Hirate (/wiki/Yurina_Hirate) , Nicole Fujita (/wiki/Nicole_Fujita) , Akane Hotta (/wiki/Akane_Hotta) , Honoka, Miona Hori (/wiki/Miona_Hori) (Nogizaka46), Maggy (/wiki/Maggy_(model)) , Airi Matsui (/wiki/Airi_Matsui) , Nanaka Matsukawa, Sayuri Matsumura (/wiki/Sayuri_Matsumura) (Nogizaka46), Reina Mama, Juliana Minato, mimmam, Azusa Minamiyama, Risa Miyauchi, Mai Miyagi, Miyu, Yōko Melody, Momona, Hikari Mori, Alissa Yagi (/wiki/Alissa_Yagi) , Saaya Yamasaki (X21), Hirona Yamazaki (/wiki/Hirona_Yamazaki) , Nairu Yamamoto, Raika Yumi, Chisato Yoshiki, Loveli (/wiki/Loveli) , Reina Yoshida, Risa Watanabe (Keyakizaka46) [4] (#cite_note-modelpress20161008-4) Non-no (/wiki/Non-no) models: Yuko Araki (/wiki/Yuko_Araki) , Niina Endō, Sayaka Okada, Azusa Okamoto, Anri Okamoto (/wiki/Anri_Okamoto) , Mana Kinjō, Akiko Kuji, Eri Satō, Mina Sayado, Yua Shinkawa (/wiki/Yua_Shinkawa) , Yūka Suzuki, Yūna Suzuki, Riho Takada (/wiki/Riho_Takada) , Rena Takeda (/wiki/Rena_Takeda) , Nanase Nishino (/wiki/Nanase_Nishino) (Nogizaka46), Fumika Baba (/wiki/Fumika_Baba) [4] (#cite_note-modelpress20161008-4) Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(Japanese_magazine)) models: Suzu Hirose (/wiki/Suzu_Hirose) , Ayaka Miyoshi (/wiki/Ayaka_Miyoshi) , Manami Enosawa, Marie Iitoyo (/wiki/Marie_Iitoyo) , Seika Furuhata (/wiki/Seika_Furuhata) , Natsumi Okamoto, Miki Shimomura (/wiki/Miki_Shimomura) , Karen Ōtomo, Mayū Yokota, Momoko Tanabe, Aya Marsh, Mai Suenaga, Asuka Kawazu [4] (#cite_note-modelpress20161008-4) Artists [ edit ] Keyakizaka46 (/wiki/Keyakizaka46) , G=AGE, JINTAKA, SUPER★DRAGON, DOBERMAN INFINITY, Kana Nishino (/wiki/Kana_Nishino) , Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) , M!LK, Rei Yasuda (/wiki/Rei_Yasuda) , Leola, ARCADIA, Carat, Chise Kanna, Makomina [4] (#cite_note-modelpress20161008-4) Brands [ edit ] Ank Rouge, Bershka, dazzlin, EVRIS, FOREVER 21, FOUR SIS&CO., GUILD PRIME, KIMONO PRINCESS, LIP SERVICE, LOVELESS, OLIVE des OLIVE, one spo, one way, SAC'S BAR, Samantha Thavasa, SPINNS, Stradivarius, Ungrid, WEGO [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 河北麻友子、総額7億円のウエディングドレス姿に「めっちゃキレイ」の声 (in Japanese). modelpress. 2016-10-19 . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) 【GirlsAward】トップバッターは広瀬すず開幕を盛り上げる (in Japanese). oricon ME inc. 2016-10-08 . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) 「GirlsAward」ライブアクトに乃木坂46、西野カナ、安田レイ追加 (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2016-08-22 . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . ^ a b c d e 広瀬すず、トップバッターで「ガルアワ」開幕クールな微笑みに歓声＜GirlsAward 2016 A／W＞ (in Japanese). modelpress. 2016-10-08 . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) 乃木坂46、GirlsAward大トリで4曲熱唱! 史上最多8回目の出演で存在感 . mynavi.jp (in Japanese). 2016-10-08 . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) 楽天トラベル、GirlsAwardとのコラボレーションで 20代女性向け特典つきモデルおすすめ宿泊プランを限定販売 (in Japanese). The Sankei Shimbun. 2016-10-07 . Retrieved 2015-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) GirlsAward 2016 AUTUMN/WINTER｜ガールズアワード (in Japanese). GirlsAward . Retrieved 2016-10-24 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://girls-award.com/) v t e GirlsAward (/wiki/GirlsAward) Events 2009 2010 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2010_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2010 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2010_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2011_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2011_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2012_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2012_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2013_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2013_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2014 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2014_Spring/Summer) 2014 A/W (/wiki/GirlsAward_2014_Autumn/Winter) 2015 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2015_Spring/Summer) 2015 A/W (/wiki/GirlsAward_2015_Autumn/Winter) 2016 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2016_Spring/Summer) 2016 A/W Other fashion show Tokyo Girls Collection (/wiki/Tokyo_Girls_Collection) Kobe Collection (/wiki/Kobe_Collection) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Beauty products intended for male use Male cosmetics include all cosmetic (/wiki/Cosmetics) products marketed towards men, such as makeup, skincare (/wiki/Skincare) products, hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) products, body care products, sun care (/wiki/Sunscreen) products, perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) , and other decorative cosmetics. Historical use of cosmetics [ edit ] As early as 4000 BC, makeup played an important role in ancient Egyptian culture. Men painted black pigments on their eyes to create cat-eye designs that were considered attractive and a symbol of wealth and status. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Ancient Egyptians believed that green eye shadow could invoke the god Horus (/wiki/Horus) to fight harmful diseases. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Men are known to have used cosmetics in Roman times, although it was frowned upon by society. Men seen carrying mirrors were viewed as effeminate, while those using face-whitening makeup were thought to be immoral because they were expected to be tanned from working outside. Two of the more acceptable practices were the light use of certain perfumes and moderate hair removal. A man removing too much hair was viewed as effeminate, while removing too little made him seem unrefined. [2] (#cite_note-susan82-2) The Romans found it especially inappropriate for an emperor to be vain, as was apparently the case with the Emperor Otho (/wiki/Otho) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The Emperor Elagabalus (/wiki/Elagabalus) removed all of his body hair and often donned makeup, which caused the Romans much grief. [4] (#cite_note-4) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England) , cosmetics were very popular among men, as they valued ghostly, powdered skin. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) In this era, due to the chemical makeup of the substances used, cosmetics often caused serious health problems, including premature death. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Japanese woodblock print by Torii Tadakiyo (/w/index.php?title=Torii_Tadakiyo&action=edit&redlink=1) depicting an actor in kumadori kabuki makeup. With the advent of modern film making in the United States in the 1930s, men's hair and cosmetics re-emerged in the public eye. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) However, men's beauty products were relatively non-existent on the market until the end of the 1990s. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Only a few brands were interested in producing men's cosmetics because it was regarded as a niche market. [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) Male cosmetics are not as widely accepted as female cosmetics; only 17% of men think that makeup products are important in daily life. Nevertheless, 97% of men use skincare products. [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) Kabuki [ edit ] Main article: Kabuki (/wiki/Kabuki) Kabuki is a traditional Japanese art performance. It involves elaborately designed costumes, eye-catching makeup, outlandish wigs and exaggerated actions performed by the actors. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) Kabuki was originally performed by women but beginning in 1629, only male actors were permitted to perform kabuki. Kabuki actors apply oil and wax to their faces to help cosmetics stick to the skin. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) Then they put on a thick white cosmetic called oshiroi (/wiki/Oshiroi) that covers their entire face. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) Oshiroi is made of rice flour and uses slightly different shades of white depending on the age, type, and gender of the character. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) On a cosmetically made white face, red and black lines are used to outline the eyes and mouth. Different shapes are used for male and female characters. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) For certain characters, there is a special makeup style called kumadori (/wiki/Kumadori) . Kumadori consists of dramatic lines and shapes of different colors, each representing a different emotional quality. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The most commonly used colors are dark red, representing anger, passion or cruelty, and dark blue for sadness or depression. Other common colors are pink, representing youth or happiness; light blue or green, representing calmness; purple, for the aristocracy, and brown for selfishness. There are about a hundred different mask-like kumadori makeup styles. Male consumers of cosmetics [ edit ] Age group [ edit ] Aside from traditional use and use in the arts, research shows that young men who are between 18 and 34 years old are more likely to use cosmetics. [9] (#cite_note-9) Males using cosmetics [ edit ] Male cosmetics were originally targeted towards homosexual men, however, market research revealed that only a third of male cosmetic consumers were gay. [10] (#cite_note-10) Some men use beauty products to cover perceived flaws on their faces, such as acne (/wiki/Acne) marks and freckles. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) Additionally, some men use cosmetics to boost their physical appearance. [12] (#cite_note-12) Makeup is frequently used by male stage performers and movie actors. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) Intensive makeup might be used to produce a zombie-effect, aging or other special effects, for a movie. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) Although using makeup can be time-intensive, it saves time and cost compared to the use of computer-driven special effects and can be more visually appealing to the audience. [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) With the number of aging populations around the world continually increasing, older men are also turning towards cosmetics to slow the appearance of physical aging effects. [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) Many of these effects include wrinkles, age spots, dry skin, uneven skin tone, and even hair damage; the appearance of all of these can be reduced by the use of cosmetics. [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) Branding and packaging of male cosmetics [ edit ] Several cosmetics and skincare brands have developed products specifically for men's skin, such as Nivea (/wiki/Nivea) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) . Nivea is the most popular brand for men with 34.4%, followed by L’Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) with 21.9%. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) The packaging of male cosmetics is generally simple. The colors are mainly blue, green, grey, white or black. Compared to women's cosmetics, there are fewer bright colors such as pink, red and purple. [14] (#cite_note-14) These design choices aim to attract male customers, whilst reducing the resistance of male customers to cosmetics, breaking the belief that cosmetics are for women only. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Also, cosmetics companies produce cosmetics tailored to the preferences of men in different regions. [15] (#cite_note-:9-15) For example, Revlon has launched a Middle Eastern collection, and Ferrari has developed a traditional Middle Eastern fragrance, taking into account local consumer preferences. [16] (#cite_note-16) Men working in the cosmetics industry [ edit ] Gender balance in the cosmetics industry [ edit ] Although most cosmetics consumers are women, the majority of executives within cosmetics companies are men. [17] (#cite_note-:10-17) Many large beauty companies have few female representatives on their boards or senior management teams. [17] (#cite_note-:10-17) For instance, the leadership team of the cosmetics giant Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) , as well as the leadership team of Bath and Body Works (/wiki/Bath_%26_Body_Works) and the luxury goods group LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) (with brands such as Makeup For Ever (/wiki/Make_Up_For_Ever) , Fresh and Benefit Cosmetics (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) ), consist mainly of males. [17] (#cite_note-:10-17) In comparison, the board of Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) is almost balanced, but the number of women in administrative positions throughout the company is relatively small. [17] (#cite_note-:10-17) Overall, women account for 34% of the board of directors of personal care companies and 24% of all executive positions. While this ratio may be more equitable than other industries, it is not yet reflective of the cosmetics market or society at large. [17] (#cite_note-:10-17) Male cosmetics bloggers and celebrities [ edit ] The number of male beauty bloggers on YouTube is also growing. [18] (#cite_note-18) Makeup male bloggers will evaluate cosmetics and provide makeup tutorials and advertise products. The most famous male beauty bloggers in the United States are Patrick Starr and James Charles (/wiki/James_Charles_(Internet_personality)) . [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) One of the most prominent male cosmetic celebrities is a Chinese streamer (/wiki/Online_streamer) named Li Jiaqi. Jiaqi tests lipsticks and analyses the colour and texture of each lipstick for a large audience. [19] (#cite_note-:11-19) On November 11, 2018, Li Jiaqi sold lipsticks live, selling 15,000 units in five minutes. [19] (#cite_note-:11-19) Men’s cosmetic market size and growth [ edit ] When compared to other industries, the global cosmetics and beauty products industry is rather impervious to economic depression or expansion. Economic ups and downs have affected trends within the global industry in recent years; however, the sales volume has maintained relatively constant. [20] (#cite_note-:12-20) In the case of a recession, the sales of cosmetics are generally maintained at a certain steady floor. In 2017, the global cosmetics market value was US$523.43 billion. [20] (#cite_note-:12-20) It is expected to reach a market value of US$805.61 billion by 2023 and a compound annual growth rate of 7.14% from 2018 to 2023. [20] (#cite_note-:12-20) The increase in male beauty awareness is a major factor driving the growth of the global market. During the period from 2018 to 2023, the global men's beauty products market is expected to grow at a rate of 5.23%. [21] (#cite_note-:13-21) See also [ edit ] Cosmetics policy (/wiki/Cosmetics_policy) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "From 4000 BCE to Today: The Fascinating History of Men and Makeup" (https://www.byrdie.com/history-makeup-gender) . Byrdie . Retrieved 2019-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-susan82_2-0) Stewart, Susan. Cosmetics & Perfumes in the Roman World . Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2007, pp. 82-95. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Juvenal (/wiki/Juvenal) , Satires , 2.99-101. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cassius Dio (/wiki/Cassius_Dio) , Roman History 80.14.4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Audrey, Blanchin (23 May 2019). "The customer behaviour in the men's cosmetics market" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190226114230/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6cba/98207a45f4865e4c39f537b8072a864db0ce.pdf) (PDF) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 13420465 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13420465) . Archived from the original (http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6cba/98207a45f4865e4c39f537b8072a864db0ce.pdf) (PDF) on 26 February 2019. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Chave, John (2017). "Consumer Insights" (https://www.cosmeticseurope.eu/files/6114/9738/2777/CE_Consumer_Insights_2017.pdf) (PDF) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Kabuki" (https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2090.html) . www.japan-guide.com . Retrieved 2019-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-:7_8-0) "The Kabuki Story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190604155023/https://www.fragrancex.com/Fragrance-Information/the-kabuki-story.html) . www.fragrancex.com . Archived from the original (https://www.fragrancex.com/Fragrance-Information/the-kabuki-story.html) on 2019-06-04 . Retrieved 2019-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Acceptability of men to use certain cosmetic products, by age group 2013 \| Statistic" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/276132/acceptability-of-men-to-use-cosmetic-products-by-age-group/) . Statista . Retrieved 2019-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Is the taboo around male make-up disappearing?" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41971587) . BBC News . 17 November 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Thomas, Daniel (17 Nov 2017). "Is the taboo around male make-up disappearing?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-41971587) . Retrieved 2019-05-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Being Beautiful or Handsome is Easier Than You Think! \| Psychology Today United Kingdom" (https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/the-attraction-doctor/201111/being-beautiful-or-handsome-is-easier-you-think) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Global Cosmetics Products Market expected to reach USD 805.61 billion by 2023 - Reuters" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180601094822/https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=30351) . www.reuters.com . Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=30351) on 2018-06-01 . Retrieved 2019-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "What is your skin tone? \| Paula's Choice" (https://www.paulaschoice-eu.com/what-is-your-skin-tone) . ^ (#cite_ref-:9_15-0) "Men's Grooming Products Market Rising Popularity in 2019, Global Insights, Key Developments of Products, Top Brands (Beiersdorf, Kroger) and Forecast Till 2023 - Reuters" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023912/https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=56764) . www.reuters.com . Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=56764) on 2019-10-19 . Retrieved 2019-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) https://www.fox34.com/story/40837053/men-grooming-products-market-2019-global-industry-growth-analysis-segmentation-market-size-amp-growth (https://www.fox34.com/story/40837053/men-grooming-products-market-2019-global-industry-growth-analysis-segmentation-market-size-amp-growth) [ dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cheng, Michelle (2017-08-01). "Women Are Making Over The Beauty Industry's Boy's Club" (https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/women-are-making-over-the-beauty-industrys-boys-club/) . FiveThirtyEight . Retrieved 2019-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Five male beauty bloggers taking over the makeup industry you need to follow" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/male-beauty-bloggers-james-charles-jake-jamie-patrick-starr-makeup-tutorials-online-a8378966.html) . The Independent . 2018-06-01 . Retrieved 2019-12-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b 运营研究社 (2019-03-13). "5分钟卖出15000支口红，"口红一哥"李佳琦有何带货秘密？" (https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3492991) . 华尔街见闻 . Retrieved 2019-06-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Global Cosmetics Products Market expected to reach USD 805.61 billion by 2023 - Reuters" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180601094822/https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=30351) . www.reuters.com . Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=30351) on 2018-06-01 . Retrieved 2019-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-:13_21-0) "Men's Grooming Products Market Rising Popularity in 2019, Global Insights, Key Developments of Products, Top Brands (Beiersdorf, Kroger) and Forecast Till 2023 - Reuters" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023912/https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=56764) . www.reuters.com . Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/brandfeatures/venture-capital/article?id=56764) on 2019-10-19 . Retrieved 2019-05-12 . Further reading [ edit ] Male skin care: shaving and moisturization needs (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22913441/) Herrenkosmetik von Nu Skin (https://beautyteam24.eu/produkt-kategorie/herrenkosmetik/) (in German) Cosmetics and personal care industry overview (https://cosmeticseurope.eu/cosmetics-industry/) v t e Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Face Anti-aging cream (/wiki/Anti-aging_cream) BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) Botulinum toxin (Botox) (/wiki/Botulinum_toxin) CC cream (/wiki/CC_cream) Concealer (/wiki/Concealer) Cotton pad (/wiki/Cotton_pad) Cleanser (/wiki/Cleanser) DD cream (/wiki/DD_cream) Facial (/wiki/Facial) Facial toning (/wiki/Facial_toning) Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) Highlighter (/wiki/Highlighter_(cosmetics)) Moist towelette (/wiki/Moist_towelette) Moisturizer (/wiki/Moisturizer) Permanent makeup (/wiki/Permanent_makeup) Primer (/wiki/Primer_(cosmetics)) Powder (/wiki/Face_powder) Rouge (/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)) Toner (/wiki/Toner_(skin_care)) Venetian ceruse (/wiki/Venetian_ceruse) Lips Lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) Balm (/wiki/Lip_balm) Gloss (/wiki/Lip_gloss) Liner (/wiki/Lip_liner) Stain (/wiki/Lip_stain) Eyes Blepharoplasty (/wiki/Blepharoplasty) Circle contact lens (/wiki/Circle_contact_lens) Eyelash extensions (/wiki/Eyelash_extensions) Eyelid glue (/wiki/Eyelid_glue) Eye liner (/wiki/Eye_liner) Eye shadow (/wiki/Eye_shadow) Kohl (/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)) Mascara (/wiki/Mascara) Hair Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Hair coloring and bleaching (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) shaving (/wiki/Shaving) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Sindoor (/wiki/Sindoor) Styling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) pomade (/wiki/Pomade) spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Nails Artificial nails (/wiki/Artificial_nails) Buffing (/wiki/Nail_buffing) Manicure (/wiki/Manicure) Nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) Pedicure (/wiki/Pedicure) Body Cold cream (/wiki/Cold_cream) Lotion (/wiki/Lotion) Peeling (/wiki/Exfoliation_(cosmetology)) Plastic surgery (/wiki/Plastic_surgery) Skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) Sunless tanning (/wiki/Sunless_tanning) Related Cosmetic electrotherapy (/wiki/Electrotherapy_(cosmetic)) Cosmetic ingredients (/wiki/Ingredients_of_cosmetics) Cosmetics advertising (/wiki/Cosmetics_advertising) Cosmetic packaging (/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging) Cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) History of cosmetics (/wiki/History_of_cosmetics) Cosmetic industry (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) Male cosmetics Major cosmetic brands Ahava (/wiki/Ahava) Almay (/wiki/Almay) Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) Aqua Net (/wiki/Aqua_Net) Artistry (/wiki/Artistry_(cosmetics)) Aveda (/wiki/Aveda) Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) Bath & Body Works (/wiki/Bath_%26_Body_Works) Benefit (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) Biotherm (/wiki/Biotherm) Bite Beauty (/wiki/BITE_Beauty) Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) Bonne Bell (/wiki/Bonne_Bell) Bumble and bumble (/wiki/Bumble_and_bumble) Burt's Bees (/wiki/Burt%27s_Bees) Carol's Daughter (/wiki/Carol%27s_Daughter) Clarins (/wiki/Clarins) Clinique (/wiki/Clinique) Coty (/wiki/Coty) ColourPop Cosmetics (/wiki/ColourPop_Cosmetics) CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) Creme 21 (/wiki/Creme_21) Cutex (/wiki/Cutex) Daigaku Honyaku Center (/wiki/Daigaku_Honyaku_Center) Dermacol (/wiki/Dermacol) Douglas (/wiki/Douglas_(cosmetics)) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) elf (/wiki/Elf_(cosmetics)) Etude House (/wiki/Etude_House) Fabergé (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_(cosmetics)) Farmec (/wiki/Farmec) Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) Fresh Garnier (/wiki/Garnier) Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) Hard Candy (/wiki/Hard_Candy_(cosmetics)) Helena Rubinstein (/wiki/Helena_Rubinstein) Jeffree Star Cosmetics (/wiki/Jeffree_Star_Cosmetics) Kao Corporation (/wiki/Kao_Corporation) Kevyn Aucoin (/wiki/Kevyn_Aucoin) Kiehl's (/wiki/Kiehl%27s) Kylie Cosmetics (/wiki/Kylie_Cosmetics) Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) Laneige (/wiki/Laneige) Laura Mercier Cosmetics (/wiki/Laura_Mercier_Cosmetics) Lise Watier (/wiki/Lise_Watier) L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) L'Occitane (/wiki/L%27Occitane_en_Provence) Love Cosmetics (/wiki/Love_Cosmetics) Lush (/wiki/Lush_(company)) MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) Make Up For Ever (/wiki/Make_Up_For_Ever) Mary Kay (/wiki/Mary_Kay) Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) Merle Norman (/wiki/Merle_Norman_Cosmetics) Missha (/wiki/Missha) Molton Brown (/wiki/Molton_Brown) Morphe Cosmetics (/wiki/Morphe_Cosmetics) NARS (/wiki/NARS_Cosmetics) Natura (/wiki/Natura) Natural Wonder (/wiki/Natural_Wonder_(Revlon_subsidiary_brand)) Nature Republic (/wiki/Nature_Republic) Neal's Yard Remedies (/wiki/Neal%27s_Yard_Remedies) Neutrogena (/wiki/Neutrogena) Nexxus (/wiki/Nexxus) Nivea (/wiki/Nivea) NYX Cosmetics (/wiki/NYX_Cosmetics) O Boticário (/wiki/O_Botic%C3%A1rio) OPI (/wiki/OPI_Products) Oriflame (/wiki/Oriflame) Origins (/wiki/Origins_(cosmetics)) Paula Begoun (/wiki/Paula_Begoun) Pond's (/wiki/Pond%27s) Red Earth (/wiki/Red_Earth_(company)) Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) Richard Hudnut (/wiki/Richard_Hudnut) Rimmel (/wiki/Rimmel) Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) Shiseido (/wiki/Shiseido) Shu Uemura (/wiki/Shu_Uemura) SimplySiti (/wiki/SimplySiti) Sinful Colors (/wiki/Sinful_Colors) SK-II (/wiki/SK-II) Skin Food (/wiki/Skin_Food) Stila (/wiki/Stila) Tarte Cosmetics (/wiki/Tarte_Cosmetics) The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) The Face Shop (/wiki/The_Face_Shop) Ulta Beauty (/wiki/Ulta_Beauty) Ultima II (/wiki/Ultima_II_(cosmetics_line)) Uoma Beauty (/wiki/Uoma_Beauty) Urban Decay (/wiki/Urban_Decay_(cosmetics)) Vaseline (/wiki/Vaseline) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wella (/wiki/Wella) Younique (/wiki/Younique) Yves Rocher (/wiki/Yves_Rocher_(company)) Categories Companies (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies) People (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_people) History (/wiki/Category:History_of_cosmetics) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f856f9b8b‐tqjqx Cached time: 20240716044615 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.434 seconds Real time usage: 0.556 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1310/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57623/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1056/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 75804/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4938503/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 480.523 1 -total 32.88% 157.977 14 Template:Cite_web 19.50% 93.700 1 Template:Cosmetics 19.38% 93.122 2 Template:Navbox 16.94% 81.418 1 Template:Short_description 10.41% 50.012 2 Template:Pagetype 7.53% 36.206 1 Template:Dead_link 6.34% 30.483 1 Template:Fix 6.02% 28.948 1 Template:Main 5.69% 27.346 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60739943-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716044615 and revision id 1187843537. 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Retail Fashion company in Delhi, India Shikha's Kariigarii Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2022 Founders Shikha Ajmera Headquarters Delhi , India Key people Shikha Ajemra Products Hand Painted Saree (/wiki/Sari) , Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) , Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) & T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) , Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) , Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) , Muffler, Frame, Bedsheet (/wiki/Bed_sheet) & Pillow (/wiki/Pillow) Cover Website shikhas (http://shikhas.co/) .co (http://shikhas.co/) Shikha’s Kariigarii is a retail (/wiki/Retail) fashion (/wiki/Fashion) company that offers hand-painted designs on fabric which operates in Delhi, India. (/wiki/Delhi) The company was founded by entrepreneur & artist (/wiki/Artist) Shikha Ajmera in 2022. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand was founded by Shikha Ajmera & officially launched in Delhi (/wiki/Delhi) during the premier of the Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) starrer film (/wiki/Film) ‘ Jhund (/wiki/Jhund_(film)) ’, in 2022 [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Indian Art Biennale 2023 - Taking art to the masses" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/Indian-Art-Biennale-provides-global-platform-to-many-local-artists/article67633601.ece) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Dec 15, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Indian biennale kicks off at red fort" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/india-biennale-kicks-off-at-red-fort/articleshow/105899760.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Dec 11, 2023. External links [ edit ] Official website (https://shikhas.co/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐nrdl4 Cached time: 20240719172706 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user] CPU time usage: 0.591 seconds Real time usage: 0.827 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2704/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 110254/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7861/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18448/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.344/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5213243/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 775.917 1 -total 54.90% 425.999 2 Template:AFC_submission 52.37% 406.315 2 Template:AfC_submission/declined 51.20% 397.266 2 Template:Ombox 30.04% 233.089 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 29.64% 230.006 4 Template:Hidden 19.19% 148.934 1 Template:Reflist 17.04% 132.245 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.63% 129.067 2 Template:Cite_news 15.32% 118.838 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75628832-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719172706 and revision id 1199221580. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Shikha%27s_Kariigarii&oldid=1199221580 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Shikha%27s_Kariigarii&oldid=1199221580) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : AfC G13 eligible soon submissions (/wiki/Category:AfC_G13_eligible_soon_submissions) AfC submissions by date/26 January 2024 (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_by_date/26_January_2024) AfC submissions by date/23 December 2023 (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_by_date/23_December_2023) Draft articles on South Asia (/wiki/Category:Draft_articles_on_South_Asia) AfC submissions on organisations existing today (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_on_organisations_existing_today) Hidden categories: AfC submissions declined as a non-notable organization (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_declined_as_a_non-notable_organization) Declined AfC submissions (/wiki/Category:Declined_AfC_submissions) Declined draft pages submitted for review by an IP (/wiki/Category:Declined_draft_pages_submitted_for_review_by_an_IP) AfC submissions declined as an advertisement (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_declined_as_an_advertisement)
Dutch fashion retail company This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources) , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotch_%26_Soda_(clothing)&action=edit) by replacing them with more appropriate citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) to reliable, independent, third-party sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources) . ( October 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Scotch & Soda Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Design, distribution and sales of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Founded 1985 ; 39 years ago ( 1985 ) Founder Laurent Hompes Defunct 2023 ; 1 year ago ( 2023 ) (Dutch chain) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Fate Acquired by Bluestar Alliance Headquarters Amsterdam and Hoofddorp (/wiki/Hoofddorp) , Netherlands Area served Europe, Oceania, North America, Asia, Middle East, Africa Key people Thomas Bervoets (CEO), Suzanne Smit (CFO) Products Apparel and accessories Owner Independent (1987–2011) Kellwood (2011–23) Sun Capital Partners (2011–23) Bluestar Alliance (2023–present) Website scotch-soda (http://scotch-soda.com) .com (http://scotch-soda.com) Scotch and Soda is a Dutch fashion retail company founded in 1985 by Laurent Hompes. On May 11, 2023, brand management firm Bluestar Alliance (/w/index.php?title=Bluestar_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1) completed the acquisition of the company. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] Scotch & Soda store in DUMBO, Brooklyn (/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn) Scotch & Soda, Alkmaar, Netherlands Founded as a menswear label in the 1980s, Scotch & Soda was an international brand when it was sold in 2011 to Kellwood (/wiki/Kellwood) and Sun Capital (/wiki/Sun_Capital_Partners) . The company was sold in over 7,000 shops worldwide, but there were also 30 company-owned and franchised retail stores. [4] (#cite_note-Kellwood-4) Worldwide expansion of Scotch & Soda stores [ edit ] In January 2020, four months after Frederick Lukoff was named CEO, [5] (#cite_note-5) the company launched sunglasses and eye glasses ranges for men and women. Until then sold in 8,000 stores and 250 branded stores, [6] (#cite_note-6) it announced the launch of its third perfume, Island Water , in May of the same year. [7] (#cite_note-7) On March 16, 2021, Scotch & Soda announced the acceleration of its global expansion, with the opening of 15 brick-and-mortar stores and 12 shop-in-shops over the next six months. In addition, the company announced the launch of its new brand identity, Free Spirit . In shops, its new brand identity was translated into the colors white, charcoal and tan with some yellow, pink, and burgundy accents. In turn, it has also been translated into the use of the following materials: aged brass, textured tiles, marble, and powder-coated steel. [8] (#cite_note-8) After opening 16 new stores between October 2021 and April 2022, the company planned at the time to open 20 more stores in the next six months - including flagship stores in London and Milan. Seven other shops were planned in major cities outside Europe. [9] (#cite_note-9) In June 2022, Scotch & Soda opened its flagship store on the Via Alessandro Manzoni in Milan. At the time, the company planned to open another nine stores in shops in the high end retail chain La Rinascente (/wiki/La_Rinascente) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2023, Joe Jonas (/wiki/Joe_Jonas) became the brand's first-ever ambassador. He was appointed to lead in designing a new collection capsule to be launched in Fall 2024 [11] (#cite_note-11) Bankruptcy [ edit ] A week before the Bluestar Alliance agreed to acquire it for an undisclosed sum, [12] (#cite_note-12) Scotch & Soda filed for bankruptcy on March 20, 2023. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Owner of Bebe Stores (/wiki/Bebe_Stores) , Hurley International (/wiki/Hurley_International) , Justice (/wiki/Justice_(store)) and Brookstone (/wiki/Brookstone) , the brand management firm completed the purchase of the Dutch company in May of the same year. In June 2024, Scotch & Soda Europe filed for bankruptcy, blaming continual losses as a result. The company plans to keep its stores open for the time being. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nederlandse tak van kledingketen Scotch & Soda is failliet" (https://nos.nl/artikel/2468232-nederlandse-tak-van-kledingketen-scotch-and-soda-is-failliet) . March 21, 2023 . Retrieved March 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Fashion retailer Scotch & Soda seeks bankruptcy for Dutch operations" (https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/fashion-retailer-scotch-soda-seeks-bankruptcy-dutch-operations-report-2023-03-20/) . Reuters . March 20, 2023 . Retrieved March 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bluestar Alliance Acquires Scotch & Soda USA Assets and Appoints Fashion Veteran Anthony Lucia To Oversee the Global Business" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bluestar-alliance-acquires-scotch--soda-usa-assets-and-appoints-fashion-veteran-anthony-lucia-to-oversee-the-global-business-301822741.html) . PR Newswire . Retrieved 2023-09-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kellwood_4-0) Volkmann, Kelsey (2011-07-27). "Kellwood, Sun Capital to buy Scotch & Soda" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131125164507/http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/news/2011/07/12/kellwood-sun-to-buy-scotch-soda.html?page=all) . Archived from the original (http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/news/2011/07/12/kellwood-sun-to-buy-scotch-soda.html?page=all) on 2013-11-25 . Retrieved 2013-11-25 . ...has expanded to include a women's collection called Maison Scotch, a boy's collection named Scotch Shrunk, a girl's collection called Scotch R'Belle and a denim collection called Amsterdams Blauw. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "WWD.com - Scotch & Soda Names Frederick Lukoff Chief Executive Officer" (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/scotch-soda-names-frederick-lukoff-chief-executive-officer-1203172061/) . 2019-06-19. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Drapersonline.com - Scotch & Soda Launches Eyewear Line" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/scotch-soda-launches-eyewear/) . 2020-01-28. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Numeromag.nl - Scotch & Soda Launches ISLAND WATER fragrance" (https://www.numeromag.nl/introducing-island-water-scotch-sodas-new-fragrances) . 2020-05-26. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "WWD.com - Scotch & Soda Sets Punchy Retail Rollout Plan, Retools Logo" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/scotch-soda-punchy-retail-rollout-plan-retools-logo-1234779293/) . 2021-06-16. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Van Rompaey, Stefan (April 7, 2022). "Scotch & Soda zet wereldverovering verder" (https://www.retaildetail.be/nl/news/mode/scotch-soda-continues-its-global-conquest-plans/) [Scotch & Soda continues to conquer the world] . Retrieved April 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Neerman, Pauline (June 22, 2022). "In beeld: Scotch & Soda maakt ambitieus statement in Milaan" (https://www.retaildetail.be/nl/news/mode/in-beeld-scotch-soda-internationale-flagshipstore-in-milaan/) [In focus: Scotch & Soda makes ambitious statement in Milan] . Retrieved April 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Joe Jonas Announced As First-Ever Brand Ambassador For Scotch & Soda" (https://vmagazine.com/article/joe-jonas-announced-as-first-ever-brand-ambassador-for-scotch-soda/) . V Magazine . Retrieved 27 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Sterling, Toby (2023-03-27). "U.S. brand management firm Bluestar Alliance buys Scotch & Soda label" (https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/us-brand-management-firm-bluestar-alliance-buys-scotch-soda-label-2023-03-27/) . Reuters. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Fashion retailer Scotch & Soda seeks bankruptcy for Dutch operations" (https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/fashion-retailer-scotch-soda-seeks-bankruptcy-dutch-operations-report-2023-03-20/) . Reuters . March 20, 2023 . Retrieved March 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Nederlandse tak van kledingketen Scotch & Soda is failliet" (https://nos.nl/artikel/2468232-nederlandse-tak-van-kledingketen-scotch-and-soda-is-failliet) . March 21, 2023 . Retrieved March 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Scotch & Soda in bankruptcy again in Europe" (https://www.retaildetail.eu/news/fashion/scotch-soda-in-bankruptcy-again-in-europe/) . Retail Detail . June 13, 2024 . Retrieved June 13, 2024 . v t e Sun Capital Partners (/wiki/Sun_Capital_Partners) Consumer Food & beverage Fresh-Pak Flamingo Horticulture General consumer Famosa Parker New York Rebecca Taylor (/wiki/Rebecca_Taylor) Scotch and Soda VINCE. 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PC Jeweller Ltd Company type Joint stock company (/wiki/Joint_stock_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) BSE: 534809, NSE: PCJEWELLER Industry Jewellery Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Headquarters New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India (/wiki/India) Key people Balram Garg (Managing Director) Products Gold, Diamond Jewellery and silver articles Revenue ₹ 2,059 crore (US$250 million) (2019) Website www (http://www.pcjeweller.com/) .pcjeweller (http://www.pcjeweller.com/) .com (http://www.pcjeweller.com/) PC Jeweller Limited (BSE: 534809) is a jeweller based in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India. It started operations in April 2005 with one showroom at Karol Bagh (/wiki/Karol_Bagh) Delhi (/wiki/Delhi) and 80 showrooms in India. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is a first generation business promoted by two brothers- Padam Chand Gupta and Balram Garg. [2] (#cite_note-businessweek-2) It presently has 80 stores in 66 cities across 17 States/UT. [3] (#cite_note-indiatimes-3) PC Jeweller engages in the manufacture, export, wholesale and retail of gold (/wiki/Gold) and diamond (/wiki/Diamond) jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) in India. The company's business model consists of opening large format, standalone stores at high street (/wiki/High_street) locations. The company sells only hall marked jewellery and certified diamond jewellery. [ citation needed ] Milestones [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/PC_Jeweller) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "PC Jeweller" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22PC+Jeweller%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22PC+Jeweller%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In 2005, P Chand Jewellers was incorporated and a showroom opened in Karol bagh. In 2007, Jeweller opened two more showrooms in Noida (/wiki/Noida) and Panchukla (Haryana). Company also commences export operations from the manufacturing unit at the Noida SEZ. In 2008, company opened two showrooms in Faridabad (/wiki/Faridabad) and Dehradun (/wiki/Dehradun) . In 2009, company commences operations at the manufacturing unit in Selaqui and Dehradun. Company opened two showrooms in Pitampura (/wiki/Pitampura) (New Delhi) and Chandigarh (/wiki/Chandigarh) . In 2011, company changed its status to public limited from private limited. Export operations unit begin from the Noida SEZ. Company opened eight showrooms in Ludhiana (/wiki/Ludhiana) , Bilaspur (/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh) , Pali (/wiki/Pali,_Rajasthan) , South Extension (New Delhi), Beawar (/wiki/Beawar) , Ajmer (/wiki/Ajmer) and Amritsar (/wiki/Amritsar) . In 2012, Jeweller opened six showrooms in Kanpur (/wiki/Kanpur) , Rohtak (/wiki/Rohtak) , Indirapuram (/wiki/Indirapuram) (Ghaziabad), Rajouri Garden (/wiki/Rajouri_Garden) (New Delhi), Kingsway Camp (/wiki/Kingsway_Camp) (New Delhi) and Greater Kailash – 1 (New Delhi) Awards [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/PC_Jeweller) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "PC Jeweller" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22PC+Jeweller%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22PC+Jeweller%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22PC+Jeweller%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) 2006: Awarded the Best Showroom award for Diamond Season by the B2C consultants, and brand architects 2008: Awarded Jeweller of the year in the Business Sphere Awards by the Business Sphere Group, Academicians Bureau Publications Private Limited. 2010: Awarded Highest Exporter and the Best Exporter in the gems (/wiki/Gemstone) and jewellery sector by the Noida SEZ, Department of commerce, Ministry of commerce and industry, Government of India for the year 2009-2010 2011: Awarded Highest Exporter (SEZ Unit) and the Best Exporter (Gems and Jewellery) sector by the Noida SEZ, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India for the year 2010–2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) 2012: Awarded Niryat Shree Silver Trophy in the gems and jewellery non-MSME category, by the federation of Indian Export Organisations, set up by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India for the year 2009–2010. [3] (#cite_note-indiatimes-3) 2013: Awarded the Large - Plain Precious Metal Jewellery’ Award at Indian Gems and Jewellery Awards [5] (#cite_note-5) Stores [ edit ] PC Jeweller has 80 stores in 66 cities. [2] (#cite_note-businessweek-2) The company procures a large portion of its gold under the Reserve Bank of India (/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India) 's Metal (Gold) Loan policy. [6] (#cite_note-diamonds-6) PC Jeweller had its initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) in December 2012. As of 2012 the company planned to open 20 stores each year and start opening franchise stores as well. [7] (#cite_note-chittorgarh-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "PC Jeweller Ltd" (https://www.business-standard.com/company/pc-jeweller-33583/information/company-history) . Business Standard India . Retrieved 26 May 2020 . ^ a b "Company Overview of PC Jeweller Limited" (https://archive.today/20130628201401/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=141113258) . Bloomberg Businessweek.com. Archived from the original (http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=141113258) on 28 June 2013. ^ a b "PC Jeweller Ltd" (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/pc-jeweller-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-42269.cms) . Indiatimes.com. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "History of PC Jeweller Ltd., Company" (https://www.goodreturns.in/company/pc-jeweller/history.html#1589481000) . Goodreturn . Retrieved 15 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "PC Jeweller bags an award at Indian Gems and Jewellery Awards" (https://www.indianjeweller.in/Indian-Jewellery-News/4325/PC-Jeweller-bags-an-award-at-Indian-Gems-and-Jewellery-Awards) . www.indianjeweller.in . Retrieved 15 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-diamonds_6-0) "PC Jeweller to Increase Focus on Diamond Jewelry" (http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=42293&ArticleTitle=PC+Jeweller+to+Increase+Focus+on+Diamond+Jewelry) . diamonds.net. 8 February 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-chittorgarh_7-0) "K.M. Global Financial Services Ltd says 'Subscribe' to PC Jeweller Ltd IPO" (http://www.chittorgarh.com/ipo/ipo_review.asp?a=102) . chittorgarh.com. 11 December 2012. 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Parisian trunkmaker Au Départ Founded 1834 Founder Ernest & Paul Bertin Headquarters 29 avenue de l'Opéra, Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) Key people Gianfranco Maccarrone (CEO) Products Trunks (/wiki/Trunk_(luggage)) , Leather Goods, Handbags (/wiki/Handbags) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Luvanis (/wiki/Luvanis) Website audepart (http://audepart.com) .com (http://audepart.com) Au Départ (which translate as "At the departure") is a Parisian trunkmaker (/wiki/Trunkmaker) founded in Paris in 1834. Au Départ is considered as one of four greatest French trunk-makers alongside Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) and Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The Origins [ edit ] Au Départ was founded in 1834 upon the advent of railway travel. In 1847, a shop trading under Au Départ selling luggage and travel goods shop opened at 7 boulevard Denain in Paris, opposite the Gare du Nord (/wiki/Gare_du_Nord) , a railway station inaugurated the year before on 14 June 1846. The Expansion [ edit ] Maison Bertin Frères [ edit ] Au Départ sticker "Malletier depuis 1834" The shop Au Départ located Boulevard de Denain was acquired in 1871 by two brothers, Ernest (born in 1846) and Paul Bertin (born in 1854). [2] (#cite_note-2) Originally from the village of Daulaincourt in Haute-Marne (/wiki/Haute-Marne) , they had started by selling haberdashery on the Saint-Quentin (/wiki/Saint-Quentin,_Aisne) market. They established the Maison Bertin Frères in 1871. The boutique on Boulevard de Denain specialised in guns, ammunitions, travel, as well as hunting and fishing goods. Their travel section displayed many different types of trunks (namely postal trunks, rounded trunks, canteen trunks, wicker trunks, flat trunks, wooden trunks covered in a brown canvas, "anglaises" trunks made out of wicker and covered in leather, automobile trunks, etc.), leather suitcases, handbags and stocked vanity cases. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Bertin Frères business flourished and a second shop, trading under Au Départ, was opened in Paris at 29, Avenue de l'Opéra (/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra) in 1874. The boutique specialised in travel accessories and leather goods produced in the Belleville, Belleville (/wiki/Paris) workshops managed by the Bertin brothers. The brothers invented several related techniques which they were to patent, namely a new production technique for trunks [4] (#cite_note-4) and a new process to render hides and leather products completely waterproof. [5] (#cite_note-5) Maisons Bertin Jeune et Bertin Fils [ edit ] Ernest Bertin, who lived above the Boulevard de Denain boutique, dedicated himself to hunting accessories and established Bertin Fils. Paul Bertin, who for his part lived above the Avenue de l'Opéra boutique, established Bertin Jeune with his sons and continued to specialise in travel goods. The two Maisons Bertin Jeune and Bertin Fils coexisted. Upon Ernest Bertin's death in 1905 the store on boulevard de Denain was sold and the Au Départ shop inside closed circa 1910. On its side, the boutique located on the avenue de l'Opéra continued to prosper. Interior of Au Départ store, 7 boulevard Denain, Paris, 1890s Au Départ store, 29 avenue de l'Opéra (/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra) , Paris, circa 1900 Au Départ advertising published in L'Illustration (/wiki/L%27Illustration) , December 1928 Au Départ advertising published in Pan - L'Annuaire du Luxe , 1928 Au Départ reached its heyday in the 1920s under the leadership of François Bertin, the son of Paul Bertin. In order to differentiate its products, Au Départ is to cover some of its products with a "damier" chequered canvas, offering an alternative to the monogram canvases proposed by the Maisons Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) and Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) . Au Départ is also to actively promote its wares by regularly placing advertisements in the magazine L'Illustration (/wiki/L%27Illustration) under the theme "A Beautiful Journey Begins". [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1928, Au Départ was selected with a hundred other luxury brands to feature in the very prestigious Pan-Annuaire du Luxe à Paris (a directory of Parisian luxury) under the direction of the designer Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The advertising featured was designed by French artist Yann-Benard Dyl. Partnerships with great Parisian trunk-makers [ edit ] On 2 July 1932 François Bertin, on behalf of Au Départ, created a new company, the Coopération Industrielle et Commerciale ("CIC"), in partnership with the directors of the four other great trunk-makers of the time ( Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) , Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) , et Aux Etats-Unis (/wiki/Aux_Etats-Unis) ) in the face of the economic crisis. The five "Maisons" joined forces, notably for the purchase of raw materials and travel items and for patent registrations. The cooperation was to last until 1935. [8] (#cite_note-8) The Moynat Au Départ merger [ edit ] After the death of François Bertin in 1964, his son Alain took over the business. To counter the drop in sales, a merger with the historical competitor on the Avenue de l'Opéra (/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra) , the trunk-maker Moynat, was envisaged. In 1958, the two companies formally merged. [9] (#cite_note-9) The boutique at 29 Avenue de l'Opéra (/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra) was closed down, and from then on the business trades under the double name "Moynat Au Départ" at Moynat's historical boutique at No.1 Avenue de l'Opéra (/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra) . Alain Bertin became chairman and CEO of the new company, whilst Maurice Coulembier was named director. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Moynat-Au Départ shop ceased trading in 1976. The Revival [ edit ] Both Moynat and Au Départ were separately acquired and reintroduced by Luvanis (/wiki/Luvanis) . Purchased by Groupe Arnault, the holding company of Bernard Arnault (/wiki/Bernard_Arnault) , Moynat was relaunched in December 2011 with the opening of a flagship store at 348, rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré (/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint_Honor%C3%A9) in Paris. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Logo used from 2019-2023 Au Départ brand relaunched in April 2019 upon the Milan Design Week (/wiki/Milan_Design_Week) in Italy, with an installation of old trunks from the Au Départ historical archive and the introduction of new trunks. Au Départ released a new collection of trunks and bags featuring the signature monogram motif upon a launch on Paris' historic rue Saint Honoré (/wiki/Rue_Saint_Honor%C3%A9) in 2019 [14] (#cite_note-14) available within a selection of high-end retailers. [15] (#cite_note-15) Sources [ edit ] Bertin Frères, Au Départ, Chasse 1885-1886, catalog, 1885 Bertin Jeune, Au Départ, catalog, 1905 Loyer, François (dir.), Autour de l'Opéra. Naissance de la ville moderne, Action artistique de la Ville de Paris, 1995 Maison Bertin Fils, Au Départ, catalog, 1895 Moynat-Au Départ, catalog, 1965 Rolland, Jean-Philippe, Kieffer-Rolland, Marie, Restauration des malles de voyage , Eyrolles, 2008 Tzenkoff, Pierre, Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) , Malletier, Maison fondée en 1792 , édition Devambez (/wiki/Devambez) , 2010, p. 44 dedicated to Maison Au Départ See also [ edit ] Aux Etats-Unis (/wiki/Aux_Etats-Unis) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) See Moynat, une modernité hors du temps (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/moynat-modernite-hors-temps-141211-204133) , Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) . 14 Dec. 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Family tree of François Hyppolyte Bertin family (https://gw4.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=phcoste&lang=fi;p=paul;n=bertin) , geneanet.org (Retrieved on May 15, 2013) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Au Départ catalogs, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1895 ^ (#cite_ref-4) INPI (/wiki/National_Industrial_Property_Institute_(France)) , Pattern n°198 250, 15 May 1889 ^ (#cite_ref-5) INPI (/wiki/National_Industrial_Property_Institute_(France)) , Pattern n°238 913, 31 May 1894 ^ (#cite_ref-6) See: L'Illustration (/wiki/L%27Illustration) , full page advertisings before the vacation departures, 2, 6, 29 and 30 June 1928, 15 and 29 June 1929, 14 June 1930 and 6 June 1931 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Devambez (/wiki/Devambez) , PAN Annuaire du Luxe à Paris, 1928 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tzenkoff, Pierre, Goyard, Malletier, Maison fondée en 1792, Devambez (/wiki/Devambez) Editions, 2010, p. 46 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Extrait du Registre du Commerce et des Sociétés de Paris, 10 janvier 1976 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Moynat-Au Départ, catalog, 1965 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Arnault's New Man (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/12/02/bernard-arnault---moynat-store-paris-open) Vogue.co.uk. 2 December 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Luxury Trunks, Reinvented (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304765304577482571901768092) The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . 28 June 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Designers of Desire: Ramesh Nair at Moynat (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/fashion/04iht-fmoynat04.html?_r=0) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 3 October 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Theodosi, Natalie (2019-09-30). "Heritage Trunk Maker Au Départ Returns With 'Extreme Luxury' Vision" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/heritage-trunk-maker-au-depart-returns-with-extreme-luxury-vision-1203327680/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191021204617/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/heritage-trunk-maker-au-depart-returns-with-extreme-luxury-vision-1203327680/) from the original on 2019-10-21 . Retrieved 2019-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Turra, Alessandra (2019-11-28). "Luxury Trunk Maker Au Départ Unveils Traveling Retail Experience in Milan" (https://wwd.com/accessories-news/handbags/luxury-trunk-maker-au-depart-unveils-traveling-retail-experience-in-milan-1203379961/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191128080218/https://wwd.com/accessories-news/handbags/luxury-trunk-maker-au-depart-unveils-traveling-retail-experience-in-milan-1203379961/) from the original on 2019-11-28 . Retrieved 2019-11-29 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Au Départ (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Au_D%C3%A9part) . 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Italian clothing firm Harmont & Blaine Company type Private Industry Fashion Founded 1986 ; 38 years ago ( 1986 ) Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Italy Founder Domenico Menniti, Enzo Menniti, Paolo Montefusco, Massimo Montefusco Key people Paolo Montefusco (President) Marco Pirone (CEO) Number of employees About 600 (2019) Harmont & Blaine is an Italian firm based in Naples which produces, sells and distributes upper-casual clothing. History [ edit ] An Harmont & Blaine store In 1986, Domenico Menniti founded a firm named PDM, along with his brothers and his business partners Enzo Menniti, and Paolo and Massimo Montefusco. The firm focused primarily on leather gloves, but in 1993 it expanded with its first collection of swimming trunks. [1] (#cite_note-1) Then, in 1995, the collection grew with the addition of shirts, trousers and sweaters. Their first boutique opened in 2000 in Frattamaggiore (/wiki/Frattamaggiore) , Naples (/wiki/Naples) . Shortly afterwards, a new boutique was opened in Capri (/wiki/Capri) and another one in Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida (/wiki/Florida) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The product line Harmont & Blaine Junior was launched in 2005 by AGB Company, which owned the licence. In 2006, PDM was renamed to Harmont & Blaine. Many months after, a special meeting approved an assets increase on 1 October 2007. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2008, the firm Giano signed a business deal for the production and distribution of a new product line of Harmont & Blaine, named Harmont & Blaine Shoes . The firm presented the Woman Collection in June 2010. During the same year, a co-branding operation with Honda (/wiki/Honda) resulted in the creation of a new car, the Honda CR-V Harmont & Blaine. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since 2012–2013, the design, production and distribution of new lines has moved to the direct management of the company. In June 2013, the Man Collection was announced to the press during Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . After that, another flagship store was inaugurated in Prague (/wiki/Prague) in October. [5] (#cite_note-5) After many store openings all around the world, on 30 October 2014, Clessidra acquired 35% of Harmont & Blaine's stock, in order to support the plan of international growth of the firm. [6] (#cite_note-6) Harmont & Blaine expanded to other locations such as Prague, [7] (#cite_note-7) and Qatar through Abuissa Holding. [8] (#cite_note-8) According to its international development plan inside the French market, the firm established the subsidiary company Harmont & Blaine France and inaugurated its first boutique on 35 Boulevard des Capucines (/wiki/Boulevard_des_Capucines) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , in October 2015. Harmont & Blaine continued its plan of expansion abroad, especially in France, where another boutique was opened in Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) , housing collections for men, women and children during the following year. [9] (#cite_note-9) In September 2020, the management of the company that has 140 points of sale changed: Paolo Montefusco president, Marco Pirone CEO. [10] (#cite_note-10) Economic and financial outcomes [ edit ] The company shows a positive increase of 5.7% at the end of the 2014 financial year with a turnover of 75 million EUR, confirming the stable trend of growth of the last ten years. [11] (#cite_note-11) The first reference market is Italy, which represents (in 2014) 81% of the firm's revenues, equal to 59.3 million EUR with a growth of 3.7% compared to 57.1 million EUR in 2013. Extra UE sales produced a growth of 22.5% compared to the results of 2013 in the face of a stable market in Europe (/wiki/Europe) (especially in Italy). In 2014, the revenue associated with the royalties were around 1.36 million EUR, which testified that the two product lines Junior and Shoes were proceeding with a positive trend of growth. [ citation needed ] The margin income of the company in 2014 [ clarification needed ] : Ebitda is 7.4 million EUR with 10% turnover. Ebit is 4.5 million EUR with 6% turnover. See also [ edit ] Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Galvani, Raffaella (2 February 2010). "Harmont & Blaine: Un Bassotto per quattro fratelli" (http://archivio.panorama.it/economia/Harmont-amp-Blaine-quattro-fratelli-per-un-bassotto) [Harmont & Blaine: A Dachshund for four brothers.]. Panorama (in Italian). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) repubblica.it, ed. (June 6, 2009). "Mister Bassotto L' uomo che con un cane 'accende' lo stile italiano" (https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2009/09/06/mister-bassotto-uomo-che-con-un.html) (in Italian). ^ (#cite_ref-3) "La Repubblica, (http://www.harmontblaine.it/admin/doc_display.php?id=251) Mister Bassotto " (http://www.harmontblaine.it/admin/doc_display.php?id=251) . Harmont & Blaine (in Italian). 6 September 2009. [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Honda CR-V Special Edition" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160503141020/http://www.motori24.ilsole24ore.com/Auto-Novita/2011/09/honda-cr-v-special-edition.php) . Motori24 (in Italian). 26 September 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.motori24.ilsole24ore.com/Auto-Novita/2011/09/honda-cr-v-special-edition.php/) on 3 May 2016 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Inaugurato a Praga il più grande flagship store di Harmont & Blaine" (http://www1.adnkronos.com/IGN/News/Moda/Inaugurato-a-Praga-il-piu-grande-flagship-store-di-Harmont-&-Blaine_32749879894.html) [Inauguration in Prague of Harmont & Blaine's largest flagship store]. Adnkronos (in Italian). 18 October 2013 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Harmont & Blaine, a Clessidra il 35%. Guasco nuovo ad" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160924074949/http://www.affaritaliani.it/economia/harmont-blaine301014.html) [35% of Harmont & Blaine to Clessidra. Guasco at a new high]. Affaritaliani.it (in Italian). 30 October 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.affaritaliani.it/economia/harmont-blaine301014.html) on 24 September 2016 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Entrance to Prague to start Harmont & Blaine's expansion in CE? - Retail market in CEE & CIS - PMR" (https://www.ceeretail.com/news/198972/entrance-to-prague-to-start-harmont-blaine-8217-s-expansion-in-ce) . www.ceeretail.com (in Polish) . Retrieved 2018-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Holding, Abuissa. "Harmont & Blaine: Abuissa Holding" (http://www.abuissa.com/whatwedo/retail/89) . www.abuissa.com . Retrieved 2018-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Harmont & Blaine: "Francia secondo mercato" (http://www.pambianconews.com/2015/10/14/harmont-blaine-francia-secondo-mercato-185396/) " (http://www.pambianconews.com/2015/10/14/harmont-blaine-francia-secondo-mercato-185396/) [Harmont & Blaine: "France second market"]. Pambianco News (in Italian). 14 October 2015 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Pirone alla guida di Harmont & Blaine - Pambianconews notizie e aggiornamenti moda, lusso e made in Italy" (https://www.pambianconews.com/2020/09/01/pirone-alla-guida-di-harmont-blaine-299013/) . pambianconews.com (in Italian). 2020-09-01 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Harmont & Blaine, 75 milioni nel 2014" (http://www.pambianconews.com/2015/01/20/harmont-blaine-75-milioni-nel-2014-167513/) [Harmont & Blaine, 75 million in 2014]. Pambianco News (in Italian). 20 January 2015 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . 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Norwegian women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Norway portal (/wiki/Portal:Norway) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Norwegian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_fashion_designers) . It includes Norwegian fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7d9465d464‐55mvr Cached time: 20240722112622 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.082 seconds Real time usage: 0.109 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3993/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 305/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.048/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 938558/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 95.126 1 -total 46.66% 44.385 1 Template:Portal 41.63% 39.605 1 Template:Non-diffusing 34.46% 32.783 1 Template:Cmbox 11.48% 10.922 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 8.84% 8.411 2 Template:Category_other 6.83% 6.494 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.60% 3.426 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.42% 1.354 1 Template:Template_other 1.28% 1.213 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72304567-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722112622 and revision id 1177798813. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Norwegian women fashion designers" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Kiki Byrne (/wiki/Kiki_Byrne) G Anne Helene Gjelstad (/wiki/Anne_Helene_Gjelstad) I Fam Irvoll (/wiki/Fam_Irvoll) N Gunhild Nygaard (/wiki/Gunhild_Nygaard) P Pontine Paus (/wiki/Pontine_Paus) S Julie Skarland (/wiki/Julie_Skarland) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Norwegian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798813 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Norwegian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798813) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Norwegian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_fashion_designers) Norwegian women artists (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Australian fashion label This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gorman_(brand)&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gorman Gorman store in Karrinyup Shopping Centre (/wiki/Karrinyup_Shopping_Centre) Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail Fashion Founded 1999 ; 25 years ago ( 1999 ) Founder Lisa Gorman (/wiki/Lisa_Gorman) Website gormanshop (https://gormanshop.com.au/) .com (https://gormanshop.com.au/) .au (https://gormanshop.com.au/) Gorman is an Australian women's fashion label founded by Lisa Gorman (/wiki/Lisa_Gorman) in 1999. History [ edit ] Gorman was launched in 1999 by Lisa Gorman, with the collection ‘Less Than 12 Degrees’ at the now-defunct fat 52 boutique. [1] (#cite_note-VAMFF-1) By 2003, the label was stocked in 55 retailers in Australia and 15 in Japan. The first Gorman boutique opened in 2004 in Prahran, Melbourne (/wiki/Prahran,_Victoria) . [2] (#cite_note-Gorman-2) In 2010, the company was purchased by Factory X. [3] (#cite_note-Ethical_Fail-3) , and by the mid-2010s, Gorman was considered a well recognized Australian clothing brand, with fans of the brand referring to themselves as “Gormies”. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) By November 2021, the brand had more than 50 stores located throughout Australia. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Brand collections [ edit ] A Gorman dress, as seen in the front window of its store at The Galeries (/wiki/The_Galeries) , Sydney The label is known for its collaborations with Australian and international artists as part of each seasonal collection. [7] (#cite_note-The_Australian-7) These artists include: Atelier Bingo, Mirka Mora (/wiki/Mirka_Mora) , Miranda Skoczek, Monika Forsberg, Liz Payne, Dana Kinter, Elke Kramer, Miso, Rhys Lee (/wiki/Rhys_Lee) , Rachel Castle, Ellie Malin and Alexander Kori Girard. [8] (#cite_note-Gorman_Collab-8) The Gorman 2019 Mangkaja collection collaborated with Aboriginal (/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian) artists Ngarralja Tommy May (/wiki/Ngarralja_Tommy_May) (2020 winner of the Telstra Award (/wiki/List_of_NATSIAA_award_winners#Telstra_Award) [9] (#cite_note-abc2020-9) ) and Sonia Kurarra from Fitzroy Crossing (/wiki/Fitzroy_Crossing,_Western_Australia) in Western Australia's far north. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2021, Lisa Gorman retired as the brand's creative director. [11] (#cite_note-:02-11) Manufacturing [ edit ] In 2016, the Gorman label received negative publicity after Factory X featured on Oxfam (/wiki/Oxfam) ’s annual “Naughty List” for not disclosing its suppliers. [3] (#cite_note-Ethical_Fail-3) In April that year, the brand attracted additional criticism when it received an “F” in the Baptist World Aid fashion report for choosing not to participate in the survey. [12] (#cite_note-12) The brand responded with the statement “Gorman's decision not to publicly disclose the identity of its manufacturers is not “naughty”. [The] Gorman team have worked closely with their manufacturers on the development of techniques, trims and treatments that are key to Gorman's point-of-difference in the marketplace. We are currently not prepared to share the details of our manufacturers with our competitors”. [13] (#cite_note-Gorman_wants_off-13) In subsequent years, Gorman has worked with charitable organizations which compile these lists and has received "B" grades. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-VAMFF_1-0) "Lisa Gorman" (https://vamff.com.au/speaker/lisa-gorman/) . VAMFF . Retrieved 22 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gorman_2-0) Corso, Lisa Marie. "The Gorman Story" (https://www.gormanshop.com.au/aboutus/) . Gorman . Retrieved 21 June 2020 . ^ a b Au-Nhien Nguyen, Giselle (28 April 2016). "Why Gorman can't ignore its fans" (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/gormans-loyal-fans-demand-answers-after-labels-ethical-fail-20160428-gogqc1.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 23 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Understanding the ubiquitous cult of Gorman" (https://fashionjournal.com.au/fashion/fashion-news/understanding-the-ubiquitous-cult-of-gorman/) . Fashion Journal . 31 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (11 August 2019). " (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/ken-done-for-millennials-inside-the-cult-brand-of-gorman-20190809-p52fr7.html) 'Ken Done for Millennials': inside the cult brand of Gorman" (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/ken-done-for-millennials-inside-the-cult-brand-of-gorman-20190809-p52fr7.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 21 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_6-0) "Fashion designer Lisa Gorman departs Gorman label after 22 years as creative director" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/nov/18/fashion-designer-lisa-gorman-departs-gorman-label-after-22-years-as-creative-director) . The Guardian . 18 November 2021 . Retrieved 18 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Australian_7-0) Traill-Nash, Glynis (12 May 2020). "Lisa Gorman, fashion designer, 48: Q&A" (https://www.theaustralian.com.au/weekend-australian-magazine/lisa-gorman-fashion-designer-48-qa/news-story/c61c52906e30e459fc8d6eecccf52de1) . The Weekend Australian Magazine . Retrieved 22 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gorman_Collab_8-0) "Fashion and art – Gorman collaborations" (https://fashionphantasmagoria.wordpress.com/2015/08/24/fashion-and-art-gorman-collaborations/#:~:text=In%20the%20past%20few%20years,successful%20collections%20for%20the%20brand.) . fashionphantasmagoria . 24 August 2015 . Retrieved 22 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc2020_9-0) Gooley, Cameron (7 August 2020). "Surprised Arnhem Land teenager, veteran Indigenous artist claim wins at 2020 NATSIAAs" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-07/natsiaa-indigenous-art-award-2020-winners/12534360) . ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 9 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Bamford, Matt (21 July 2019). "Gorman Mangkaja collection breaks new ground for Indigenous fashion design collaboration" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-21/gorman-fashion-label-collaborates-with-indigenous-artists/11328248) . ABC . Retrieved 23 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:02_11-0) "Fashion designer Lisa Gorman departs Gorman label after 22 years as creative director" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/nov/18/fashion-designer-lisa-gorman-departs-gorman-label-after-22-years-as-creative-director) . The Guardian . 18 November 2021 . Retrieved 18 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) McClymont, Mhairi (26 February 2019). "How Ethical is Gorman?" (https://goodonyou.eco/how-ethical-gorman/#:~:text=Lisa%20Gorman%20was%20a%20young,to%20retail%20group%20Factory%20X.) . Good on You . Retrieved 21 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gorman_wants_off_13-0) Croffey, Amy (25 November 2016). "Gorman wants to be taken off Oxfam's 'naughty list' (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/gorman-wants-to-be-taken-off-oxfams-naughty-list-20161125-gsxpnp.html) " (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/gorman-wants-to-be-taken-off-oxfams-naughty-list-20161125-gsxpnp.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 24 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Fashion designer Lisa Gorman departs Gorman label after 22 years as creative director" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/nov/18/fashion-designer-lisa-gorman-departs-gorman-label-after-22-years-as-creative-director) . the Guardian . 18 November 2021 . Retrieved 18 December 2022 . 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< User:Pyrrhus16 (/wiki/User:Pyrrhus16) Michael Jackson's dress style led to him being widely cited as a "fashion icon". Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) was an American recording artist and entertainer, who is widely cited as a "fashion icon". His dress sense courted both praise and critisism. As a child, he debuted on the professional music scene alongside his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5 (/wiki/The_Jackson_5) . While part of the group, he often performed in colorful costumes, which invariably consisted of bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) , vests and floral shirts. The African American (/wiki/African_American) also sported an Afro (/wiki/Afro) , which was synonymous with the Black Pride Movement (/wiki/Black_Pride_Movement) of the 1960s and 1970s. As he entered into adulthood with the release of Off the Wall (/wiki/Off_the_Wall_(album)) (1979), Jackson highlighted the change by donning a tuxedo suit for the album's cover art. The use of white socks and a generous amount of sequins was also introduced at this time. A key stage in his fashion history came with the release and success of the 1982 album Thriller (/wiki/Thriller_(album)) . History [ edit ] Early years [ edit ] Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. [1] (#cite_note-tara_14-1) When he was a child, he joined with his brothers to form The Jackson 5 (/wiki/The_Jackson_5) , who became professional musicians collectively by the late 1960s. [2] (#cite_note-Nelson_George_overview_20-2) [3] (#cite_note-tara_36-37-3) Their stage outfits were tailor-made by their mother, Katherine (/wiki/Katherine_Jackson) , who served as the band's designer. [4] (#cite_note-heatley_14-4) [5] (#cite_note-Profile:_Katherine_Jackson-5) The brothers' clothing during this period included polyester bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) , butterfly collar shirts and fringy vests. [6] (#cite_note-A_fashion_icon_from_thrilling_to_bad-6) Afro (/wiki/Afro) hairstyles completed the boys' look, and was at the time symbolic of the Black Pride Movement (/wiki/Black_Pride_Movement) , a prominent part of African American culture (/wiki/African_American_culture) in the 1960s and 1970s. [7] (#cite_note-cashmore_117-7) For one of The Jackson 5's first performances with Motown Records (/wiki/Motown_Records) , in August 1968, the siblings wore gold shirts under identical lime green vest suits, which were complemented with matching green boots. [8] (#cite_note-tara_54-8) They wore similar outfits for their first ever television appearance, on The Hollywood Palace (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Palace) in October 1969. [nb 1] (#cite_note-10) [9] (#cite_note-tara_63_64-9) [10] (#cite_note-grant_11-11) When they performed on The Ed Sullivan Show (/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show) several weeks later, the five wore mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) clothing. [nb 2] (#cite_note-13) [11] (#cite_note-tara_74-12) On other occasions, the brothers donned bow ties, floral shirts—created by Motown executive Suzanne de Passe (/wiki/Suzanne_de_Passe) —and slim narrow hip trousers, which were popular at the time. Another staple of Jackson's signature look was to wear a sweater over his trousers. [12] (#cite_note-dherbier_10-14) [13] (#cite_note-prosner_235-15) [14] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson_-_His_Beauty_And_Style-16) As he and his siblings progressed into the 1970s, the band took on a different look of multi-colored polyester ensembles. An example of this included a powder blue sequined tuxedo, which The Jackson 5 wore for one of their appearances on The Carol Burnett Show (/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show) . [6] (#cite_note-A_fashion_icon_from_thrilling_to_bad-6) Off the Wall [ edit ] Four of the Jackson brothers decided to part with Motown in 1976, and moved to Epic Records (/wiki/Epic_Records) . The group left behind brother Jermaine (/wiki/Jermaine_Jackson) and the "5" at the end of their name, as they established theirselves as "The Jacksons" with the addition of younger sibling Randy (/wiki/Randy_Jackson_(musician)) . [15] (#cite_note-Nelson_George_22-17) [16] (#cite_note-grant_32_34-18) In addition to his then-ongoing work as part of the band, Michael Jackson was also preparing his sixth solo studio album, Off the Wall (/wiki/Off_the_Wall_(album)) . The completed cover and packaging of the 1979 album featured the singer in a tuxedo, as well as white socks. [17] (#cite_note-pinkerton_12-19) [18] (#cite_note-cashmore_121-20) Ron Weisner, part of the Weisner-DeMann management team, stated that Jackson had wanted to separate himself from the image he had as a child. The thought behind the tuxedo was that it would highlight the fact that he had grown and matured. [19] (#cite_note-dineen_77-21) [20] (#cite_note-campbell_47_48-22) His white socks were worn to emphasize the movement of his feet as he danced. [21] (#cite_note-lewis_240-23) At the time, white socks were considered a " nerd (/wiki/Nerd) look", but to his surprise, Jackson started a trend. [22] (#cite_note-hoffmann_165-24) [23] (#cite_note-jackson_217-219-25) He later said: "I admit I love starting trends, but I never thought wearing white socks was going to catch on. Not too long ago it was considered extremely square to wear white socks. It was cool in the 1950s, but in the '60s and '70s you wouldn't be caught dead in white socks. It was too square to consider—for most people. But I never stopped wearing them. Ever. My brothers would call me a dip, but I didn't care. My brother Jermaine would get upset and call my mother, 'Mother, Michael's wearing white socks again. Can't you do something. Talk to him.' He would complain bitterly. They'd all tell me I was a goofball. But I still wore my white socks, and now it's cool again. Those white socks must have caught on just to spite Jermaine. I get tickled when I think about it." [23] (#cite_note-jackson_217-219-25) Jackson donned his tuxedo in the music video of " Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough (/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_%27til_You_Get_Enough) ", and it thereafter became—along with the white socks—a distinctive look for the singer. In the music video of " Rock with You (/wiki/Rock_with_You_(Michael_Jackson_song)) ", also from the Off the Wall album, Jackson danced in a jumpsuit of silver sequins. It was another image that became connected with the entertainer, as he wore silver-sequinned outfits on several occasions, such as the time he attended the American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) ceremony in 1980. [20] (#cite_note-campbell_47_48-22) [24] (#cite_note-grant_48-26) [25] (#cite_note-The_Greatest_Videos-27) In commenting on Jackson and his outfit in the video for "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough", a Boston Globe (/wiki/Boston_Globe) journalist later wrote of the sex appeal on display. "He is irresistibly handsome in a tuxedo whose sleeves are pushed up to his elbows. The giant bowtie could choke a T-rex, and the socks accessorize with his teeth." [26] (#cite_note-Before_MTV,_his_style_was_pure_seduction-28) They added of his look in "Rock with You", "The fogged-up lasers reflect off his sequined disco-ball outfit and space boots: It's Buck Rogers in the Studio 54th century." [26] (#cite_note-Before_MTV,_his_style_was_pure_seduction-28) Jackson biographer Emily Herbert writes that the Off the Wall era "would be [one] of the last times he appeared in what looked like ordinary outfits", as "never again would Michael attempt to look just like everyone else". [27] (#cite_note-herbert_75_76-29) Thriller [ edit ] Jackson's follow-up to Off the Wall was the 1982 album Thriller (/wiki/Thriller_(album)) . A worldwide commercial success, it remains the best-selling album (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_worldwide) of all time. [28] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson,_King_of_Pop,_dies_in_hospital_aged_50-30) [29] (#cite_note-108_thriller-31) Jackson adopted a new dress style for this era, and changed his hairstyle from an Afro to Jheri curls (/wiki/Jheri_curl) . [30] (#cite_note-heatley_52-32) [31] (#cite_note-campbell_58-33) Thriller' s cover art is a photograph of the singer laying on the floor and reclining in a white Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) suit. [32] (#cite_note-Trick-or-treaters_model_celebrity_outfits-34) [33] (#cite_note-tara_225-35) A black shirt with a zipper is worn underneath, and it is widely opened. A leopard-print handkerchief sticks out from the breast pocket of his jacket. [34] (#cite_note-T25:_The_Book_65-36) The monthly men's magazine GQ (/wiki/GQ_(magazine)) stated that Jackson looked like "an iconic sun-god relaxing after quitting time". [34] (#cite_note-T25:_The_Book_65-36) The reason the singer wore the white suit was because Thriller was originally intended to be called Starlight , and his clothes were meant to reflect an image of luminosity. [34] (#cite_note-T25:_The_Book_65-36) Jackson often donned dark sunglasses. The entertainer's use of a single white glove in the 1980s led to it becoming one of his signature pieces of clothing and he was subsequently nicknamed "The Gloved One". For the music videos that accompanied the songs from Thriller , Jackson wore several distinct outfits. In the short film for " Billie Jean (/wiki/Billie_Jean) ", he wears a black leather suit with a pink shirt, red bow tie, and black-and-white dance shoes. [35] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson-37) [36] (#cite_note-pinkerton_18-38) In the short film for " Beat It (/wiki/Beat_It) ", he dons high-water pants and multi-zippered red leather jacket. [37] (#cite_note-campbell_60-39) [38] (#cite_note-Plastic,_Leather_Look-Alikes_Zip_Ahead_With_the_Rock_'n'_Rollers-40) In Michael Jackson's Thriller (/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_Thriller) —the short film that accompanies his hit song " Thriller (/wiki/Thriller_(song)) "—he wears two different outfits. The first consists of ankle-cut jeans and a collegiate jacket with the letter 'M' emblazoned upon it. The second costume is made up of red jeans, black shoes, white socks, and a red-and-black leather jacket with pointed shoulders. [39] (#cite_note-gledhill_309-41) [40] (#cite_note-sims_60-42) [41] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson's_monster_smash-43) The costumes for Michael Jackson's Thriller were created by Deborah Nadoolman Landis (/wiki/Deborah_Nadoolman_Landis) , the wife of John Landis (/wiki/John_Landis) , who directed the music video. She later commented, "It was a dance that took place in a graveyard setting, it was dark, foggy, and I needed Michael to pop out of that picture. The shoulders of that jacket gave him some virility[...] I can look at my career and know that I designed [the] Michael Jackson Thriller look. [It] just seemed to become part of the fabric of the culture." [41] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson's_monster_smash-43) [42] (#cite_note-Best_bits-44) On March 25, 1983, Jackson performed "Billie Jean" to critical and popular acclaim. [43] (#cite_note-heatley_56-45) Staged at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium (/wiki/Pasadena_Civic_Auditorium) , Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever (/wiki/Motown_25:_Yesterday,_Today,_Forever) was a celebration of Motown Records (/wiki/Motown_Records) ' twenty-fifth anniversary and featured the Jackson brothers singing a medley of their old hits. [44] (#cite_note-tara_234-240-46) [45] (#cite_note-herbert_100_103-47) After they finished, they left Michael alone on stage and he went into his routine, which included his first public execution of the moonwalk (/wiki/Moonwalk_(dance)) . Jackson wore black pants, leather penny loafers (/wiki/Penny_loafers) , a silver sequinned shirt, a black sequinned jacket, a black fedora (/wiki/Fedora_(hat)) and a single white rhinestone glove. [nb 3] (#cite_note-49) [44] (#cite_note-tara_234-240-46) [47] (#cite_note-Campbell_65-68-50) Jackson revealed several years later that he found the black jacket, and said to himself, "You know, someday I'm going to wear this to perform". [48] (#cite_note-jackson_209-51) The fedora was provided by Jackson's management, after the musician told them that he wanted "a spy's hat" that a secret agent would wear. [48] (#cite_note-jackson_209-51) The singer wore the single glove because he thought that "one was cooler than two". Like the socks, he also wanted to accentuate his movements on stage. "The eye goes to where the white is", he stated. [21] (#cite_note-lewis_240-23) Medical professionals and associates of Jackson have also offered the opinion that the glove was introduced to hide blotches on his hand caused by the skin disease vitiligo (/wiki/Vitiligo) , with which he was diagnosed around this time. [nb 4] (#cite_note-55) [52] (#cite_note-Skin_disorder_Jackson_cited_may_be_vitiligo-56) [53] (#cite_note-hann_38-57) [54] (#cite_note-tara_434–436-58) Jackson later revealed that despite many people's assumptions, Motown 25 had not been the first time he had worn a single glove: [23] (#cite_note-jackson_217-219-25) "I had been wearing a single glove for years before Thriller . I felt that one glove was cool. Wearing two gloves seemed so ordinary, but a single glove was different... I had actually been wearing the glove for a long time, but it hadn't gotten a lot of attention until all of a sudden it hit with Thriller in 1983. I was wearing it on some of the old tours back in the 1970s, and I wore one glove during the Off the Wall tour and on the cover of the live album that came out afterward. It's so show business that one glove. I love wearing it." [23] (#cite_note-jackson_217-219-25) Jackson's continued use of the single white glove in public made it his trademark at this time, and he was subsequently dubbed "The Gloved One". [55] (#cite_note-pratt_12-59) [56] (#cite_note-campbell_84-60) Though he was most known for the white glove, the singer had several others in different colors, such as black, red and blue. Most of this handwear was created by designer Bill Whitten, who had made costumes for Jackson and his brothers since the late 1970s. Around 1,200 Austrian crystal rhinestones were hand sewn onto each of Jackson's gloves, a task which took up to 40 hours to complete. A five figure sum was the estimated value of each glove. [56] (#cite_note-campbell_84-60) Jackson began wearing military-style jackets in the early 1980s and continued to wear them throughout his life. The musican's signature white glove was noticeably absent on January 16, 1984, when Jackson instead wore a black sequinned glove as he collected an unprecedented eight awards at the American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_1984) . In addition, he sported cropped tuxedo pants, dark sunglasses and a military-style jacket covered with red sequins. [57] (#cite_note-grant_74-61) [58] (#cite_note-campbell_74-62) Several days later, on January 27, 1984, the entertainer suffered some setbacks. Not only did he drop his white sequinned glove into the toilet, [nb 5] (#cite_note-65) the musician also received second degree burns to his scalp after pyrotechnics accidentally set his hair on fire as he filmed a Pepsi Cola (/wiki/Pepsi_Cola) commercial at the Shrine Auditorium (/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium) in Los Angeles. [59] (#cite_note-tara_279-284-63) [61] (#cite_note-herbert_116_117-66) As he was about to be taken into an ambulance in front of crowds and photographers, medics attempted to remove his white glove. The singer, however, insisted that it be kept on for better public relations (/wiki/Public_relations) . [59] (#cite_note-tara_279-284-63) As a result of the injuries sustained to his scalp, Jackson was forced to wear a hair piece to the Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards_of_1984) on February 28, 1984. [62] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson_'feeling_fine'_after_successful_scalp_operation-67) [63] (#cite_note-grant_76-68) Accompanied by Brooke Shields (/wiki/Brooke_Shields) and Emmanuel Lewis (/wiki/Emmanuel_Lewis) , the singer wore tuxedo pants, a sapphire blue spangled military jacket with epaulets and his signature white glove. A shy man when made the center of attention, he also donned dark sunglasses. Jackson took to the podium each time he won an award. Upon collecting his seventh award of a record eight, the singer removed his glasses for the first time that evening. On stage, he stated that the gesture was made for his friend Katharine Hepburn (/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn) , [nb 6] (#cite_note-70) as well as "the girls in the balcony". [64] (#cite_note-tara_291_294-69) [65] (#cite_note-campbell_75_77-71) Along with Jackson's continued commercial success came overwhelming media and fan attention, which was dubbed "Michaelmania". [66] (#cite_note-campbell_100_101-72) [67] (#cite_note-T25:_The_Book_36-73) Throughout the world, merchandise was issued depicting the singer and his style. Jackson broke records for licensing revenues and sales figures. His likeness was used on stamps, posters, trading cards, calendars and other products. [67] (#cite_note-T25:_The_Book_36-73) Jackson dolls were manufactured, and came in "authentic stage outfits" that replicated the costumes worn in the music videos of "Beat It" and "Thriller", as well as his appearances at the American Music Awards and Grammy Awards. Michael Jackson replica jackets were popular at this time, and were based off the ones from his music videos. [66] (#cite_note-campbell_100_101-72) Pop culture author David Mansour wrote that the one from the short film of "Thriller" became the "hottest outerwear fad of the mid-1980s". [68] (#cite_note-mansour_487-74) The penny loafer became the number one shoe for a time because of Jackson. [69] (#cite_note-tierney_1-75) The singer's clothes were copied by children around the US. [31] (#cite_note-campbell_58-33) Imitation became so severe that, despite pupil protests, Bound Brook High School (/wiki/Bound_Brook_High_School) banned students from wearing single white gloves. [70] (#cite_note-grant_77-76) [71] (#cite_note-Gloved_teens_protest_policy-77) Staff at the school confiscated the offending handwear from students, and condemned the Jackson look as dangerous and disruptive. [72] (#cite_note-Students_told_Jackson_look_is_dangerous-78) [73] (#cite_note-denisoff_424-79) With the increasing attention focused on Jackson, came the singer's heightened need for privacy. The entertainer had been a Jehovah's Witnesses (/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses) since he was a child, and despite his immense fame, he still continued his weekly task of going door-to-door proselytizing for the faith. Jackson would deliver copies of The Watchtower (/wiki/The_Watchtower) and spread "The Word" while dressed in disguise. [74] (#cite_note-pendergast_83-80) [75] (#cite_note-grant_82-81) [76] (#cite_note-tara_269-82) He would wear a false moustache (/wiki/False_moustache) , hat, glasses, tie and a sweater. [76] (#cite_note-tara_269-82) One woman who invited him into her house recalled that "it was very odd. At first I thought it was some kind of trick-or-treat gag." She said, "A young black man came to my door wearing what was obviously a phony moustache and beard, and a big hat. His face was too smooth for all that facial hair. He looked like a little boy playing grown-up." The woman added that "he had this soft little voice and looked harmless enough." [77] (#cite_note-tara_270-83) One of Jackson's next projects after Thriller was " We Are the World (/wiki/We_Are_the_World) ", a charity song which he wrote with Lionel Richie (/wiki/Lionel_Richie) and recorded in January 1985 as part of the supergroup (/wiki/Supergroup_(music)) USA for Africa (/wiki/USA_for_Africa) , that included other artists such as Ray Charles (/wiki/Ray_Charles) , Stevie Wonder (/wiki/Stevie_Wonder) , Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) and Bruce Springsteen (/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen) . [78] (#cite_note-tara_340_344-84) [79] (#cite_note-campbell_109_112-85) The music video that accompanied the song drew criticism from some commentators, who felt that Jackson was "unable to leave his ego at the door" in the video because he wore sequined socks, his single white glove, loafers, sunglasses, and a black-and-gold jacket. [80] (#cite_note-Campbell_113-86) [81] (#cite_note-kooijman_28-87) The singer stated he had wanted to wear his signature socks so that the audience would be able to identify him; in the clip, the camera moves up his body, before resting on his face. The musician joked before filming, "People will know it's me as soon as they see the socks. Try taking footage of Bruce Springsteen's socks and see if anyone knows who they belong to." [80] (#cite_note-Campbell_113-86) [81] (#cite_note-kooijman_28-87) Jackson biographer Lisa D. Campbell wrote that the "brain dead critics" singled the singer out and "only considered what he chose to wear to the recording session rather than recognize the tremendous contribution he made to the entire project". [80] (#cite_note-Campbell_113-86) Bad [ edit ] Jackson performing during the Bad World Tour Dangerous and HIStory [ edit ] Invincible and trial [ edit ] Jackson wearing a fedora in 2003 Later life and This Is It [ edit ] Influence [ edit ] I've long believed that thinking too much about your look is one of the biggest mistakes you can make, because an artist should let his style evolve naturally, spontaneously. You can't think about these things, you have to feel your way into them. Michael Jackson, Moonwalk (1988) [23] (#cite_note-jackson_217-219-25) Legacy [ edit ] Jackson's belt and jacket from the Bad World Tour White suit: Grammy hall of fame. See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Jackson (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Jackson) . Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Fashion topics (/wiki/List_of_fashion_topics) 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) 1970s in fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) 1990–2009 in fashion (/wiki/1990%E2%80%932009_in_fashion) Michael Jackson's health and appearance (/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_health_and_appearance) Janet Jackson as a gay icon (/wiki/Janet_Jackson_as_a_gay_icon) References [ edit ] Notes ^ (#cite_ref-10) Some observers of the appearance incorrectly assumed that Motown had paid for the boys' outfits. In actuality, they were bought "off the rack" by Joseph (/wiki/Joseph_Jackson_(manager)) and Katherine Jackson back in their hometown of Gary, Indiana (/wiki/Gary,_Indiana) . [9] (#cite_note-tara_63_64-9) ^ (#cite_ref-13) These clothes were also bought "off the rack", this time by Suzanne de Passe in Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) . [11] (#cite_note-tara_74-12) ^ (#cite_ref-49) Jackson's childhood idol, Sammy Davis Jr. (/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr.) , had admired the singer's black sequined jacket during the performance and later received it as a gift. [46] (#cite_note-jackson_215-48) ^ (#cite_ref-55) Though critics of Jackson stated during his lifetime that the singer was lying about having vitiligo and claimed that the singer was intentionally lightening his skin because he wanted to look Caucasion, medical professionals confirmed in his autopsy that he had the disease. [49] (#cite_note-Face_it:_docs_doubt_Michael-52) [50] (#cite_note-Michael_Jackson:_Black_or_..._what?-53) [51] (#cite_note-Factbox:_Jackson_had_vitiligo,_wore_wig,_autopsy_confirms-54) ^ (#cite_ref-65) According to biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli (/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli) , Jackson gave a "bloodcurdling shriek" from the bathroom when his glove fell into the toilet basin. After several associates of Jackson tried unsuccessfully to find a coathanger to fish out the handwear, the singer reached in and plucked out the soaking-wet glove with his hand, asking, "Anyone have a hair dryer?" [59] (#cite_note-tara_279-284-63) Author Lisa D. Campbell writes that the glove was "rinsed out and dried and good as new in minutes". [60] (#cite_note-campbell_80-64) ^ (#cite_ref-70) Hepburn had chided Jackson for wearing sunglasses to the American Music Awards and stated that he was "cheating" his fans for not giving them a glimpse of his eyes. [64] (#cite_note-tara_291_294-69) Footnotes ^ (#cite_ref-tara_14_1-0) Taraborrelli, p. 14 ^ (#cite_ref-Nelson_George_overview_20_2-0) George, p. 20 ^ (#cite_ref-tara_36-37_3-0) Taraborrelli, pp. 36–37 ^ (#cite_ref-heatley_14_4-0) Heatley, p. 14 ^ (#cite_ref-Profile:_Katherine_Jackson_5-0) Davies, Caroline (June 29, 2009). "Profile: Katherine Jackson" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/29/michael-jackson-mother-profile?FORM=ZZNR10) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved March 14, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Muther, Christopher (July 2, 2009). "A fashion icon from thrilling to bad" (http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2009/07/02/jackson8217s_fashion_influence_from_thrilling_to_bad/) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Retrieved March 14, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-cashmore_117_7-0) Cashmore, p. 117 ^ (#cite_ref-tara_54_8-0) Taraborrelli, p. 54 ^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 63–64 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_11_11-0) Grant, p. 11 ^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, p. 74 ^ (#cite_ref-dherbier_10_14-0) Dherbier, p. 10 ^ (#cite_ref-prosner_235_15-0) Prosner, p. 235 ^ (#cite_ref-Michael_Jackson_-_His_Beauty_And_Style_16-0) Ekunkunbor, Jemi (July 5, 2009). "Michael Jackson - His Beauty And Style" (http://allafrica.com/stories/200907060036.html) . AllAfrica.com (/wiki/AllAfrica.com) . Retrieved March 14, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nelson_George_22_17-0) George, p. 22 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_32_34_18-0) Grant, pp. 32–34 ^ (#cite_ref-pinkerton_12_19-0) Pinkerton, p. 12 ^ (#cite_ref-cashmore_121_20-0) Cashmore, p. 121 ^ (#cite_ref-dineen_77_21-0) Dineen, p. 77 ^ Jump up to: a b Campbell, pp. 47–48 ^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, p. 240 ^ (#cite_ref-hoffmann_165_24-0) Hoffmann, p. 165 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jackson, pp. 217–219 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_48_26-0) Grant, p. 48 ^ (#cite_ref-The_Greatest_Videos_27-0) Greenblatt, Leah (July 3, 2009). "The Greatest Videos" (http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20289165,00.html) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved March 15, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Morris, Wesley (July 2, 2009). "Before MTV, his style was pure seduction" (http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2009/07/02/before_mtv_jackson8217s_style_was_pure_seduction/) . The Boston Globe . Retrieved March 15, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-herbert_75_76_29-0) Herbert, pp. 75–76 ^ (#cite_ref-Michael_Jackson,_King_of_Pop,_dies_in_hospital_aged_50_30-0) "Michael Jackson, King of Pop, dies in hospital aged 50" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6579622.ece) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . Retrieved March 15, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-108_thriller_31-0) White, Jim (March 12, 2007). "Michael Jackson's Thriller is old hat" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/12/03/do0302.xml) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved March 15, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-heatley_52_32-0) Heatley, p. 52 ^ Jump up to: a b Campbell, p. 58 ^ (#cite_ref-Trick-or-treaters_model_celebrity_outfits_34-0) Lori, Dr. (October 17, 2009). "Trick-or-treaters model celebrity outfits" (http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091017/FEATURES/910170310/-1/FEATURES0604) . Pocono Record (/wiki/Pocono_Record) . Retrieved March 16, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-tara_225_35-0) Taraborrelli, p. 225 ^ Jump up to: a b c Thriller 25: The Book, p. 65 ^ (#cite_ref-Michael_Jackson_37-0) Rivers, Stephanie (July 3, 2009). "Michael Jackson" (http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/diversions/2009/July/diversions_July2.xml&section=diversions&col=) . Khaleej Times (/wiki/Khaleej_Times) . Retrieved March 16, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-pinkerton_18_38-0) Pinkerton, p. 18 ^ (#cite_ref-campbell_60_39-0) Campbell, p. 60 ^ (#cite_ref-Plastic,_Leather_Look-Alikes_Zip_Ahead_With_the_Rock_'n'_Rollers_40-0) Abrams, Garry (May 25, 1984). "Plastic, Leather Look-Alikes Zip Ahead With the Rock 'n' Rollers" (http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/676742402.html?dids=676742402:676742402&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+25%2C+1984&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Plastic%2C+Leather+Look-Alikes+Zip+Ahead+With+the+Rock+'n'+Rollers&pqatl=google) (Payment required to access full article.) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved March 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Check date values in: \|accessdate= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) ; Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-gledhill_309_41-0) Gledhill, pp. 309–311 ^ (#cite_ref-sims_60_42-0) Sims, p. 60 ^ Jump up to: a b Lyle, Peter (December 5, 2007). "Michael Jackson's monster smash" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3669538/Michael-Jacksons-monster-smash.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved March 15, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Best_bits_44-0) Sebesta, Courtney (March 22, 2006). "Best bits" (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1130168266660848&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) (Payment required to access full article.) . Austin American-Statesman (/wiki/Austin_American-Statesman) . Retrieved March 16, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-heatley_56_45-0) Heatley, p. 56 ^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 234–240 ^ (#cite_ref-herbert_100_103_47-0) Herbert, pp. 100–103 ^ (#cite_ref-jackson_215_48-0) Jackson, p. 215 ^ (#cite_ref-Campbell_65-68_50-0) Campbell, pp. 65–68 ^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, p. 209 ^ (#cite_ref-Face_it:_docs_doubt_Michael_52-0) Susman, Carolyn (February 13, 1993). "Face it: docs doubt Michael" (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF86006EBBAA4B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) (Payment required to access full article.) . The Palm Beach Post (/wiki/The_Palm_Beach_Post) . Retrieved March 21, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Michael_Jackson:_Black_or_..._what?_53-0) Infantre, Ashante (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson: Black or ... what?" (http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/657789--michael-jackson-black-or-what) . Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) . Retrieved March 21, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Factbox:_Jackson_had_vitiligo,_wore_wig,_autopsy_confirms_54-0) "Factbox: Jackson had vitiligo, wore wig, autopsy confirms" (http://in.reuters.com/article/hollywood/idINTRE6184K720100209) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . (February 10, 2010) . Retrieved March 21, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Check date values in: \|date= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Skin_disorder_Jackson_cited_may_be_vitiligo_56-0) Woods, Michael (February 12, 1993). "Skin disorder Jackson cited may be vitiligo" (http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=aN4NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x24DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6604,4218148&dq=michael-jackson+glove+vitiligo+cover&hl=en) . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette) . Retrieved March 21, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-hann_38_57-0) Hann, p. 38 ^ (#cite_ref-tara_434–436_58-0) Taraborrelli, pp. 434–436 ^ (#cite_ref-pratt_12_59-0) Pratt, p. 12 ^ Jump up to: a b Campbell, p. 84 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_74_61-0) Grant, p. 74 ^ (#cite_ref-campbell_74_62-0) Campbell, p. 74 ^ Jump up to: a b c Taraborrelli, pp. 279–284 ^ (#cite_ref-campbell_80_64-0) Campbell, p. 80 ^ (#cite_ref-herbert_116_117_66-0) Herbert, pp. 116–117 ^ (#cite_ref-Michael_Jackson_'feeling_fine'_after_successful_scalp_operation_67-0) "Michael Jackson 'feeling fine' after successful scalp operation" (http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qgAtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OM0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1363,7024715&dq=michael-jackson+hairpiece+grammy&hl=en) . The Palm Beach Post. (April 19, 1984) . Retrieved March 22, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Check date values in: \|date= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) ; Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-grant_76_68-0) Grant, p. 76 ^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, pp. 291–294 ^ (#cite_ref-campbell_75_77_71-0) Campbell, pp. 75–77 ^ Jump up to: a b Campbell, pp. 100–101 ^ Jump up to: a b Thriller 25: The Book, p. 36 ^ (#cite_ref-mansour_487_74-0) Mansour, p. 487 ^ (#cite_ref-tierney_1_75-0) Tierney, p. 1 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_77_76-0) Grant, p. 77 ^ (#cite_ref-Gloved_teens_protest_policy_77-0) "Gloved teens protest policy" (http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=BkstAAAAIBAJ&sjid=np0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2862,1229823&dq=michael-jackson+bound+brook+protest&hl=en) . The Rock Hill Herald (/wiki/The_Rock_Hill_Herald) . (March 3, 1984) . Retrieved March 23, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Check date values in: \|date= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) ; Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Students_told_Jackson_look_is_dangerous_78-0) "Students told Jackson look is dangerous" (http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=ftIxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v-QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6391,70209&dq=michael-jackson+bound-brook+dangerous&hl=en) . Reading Eagle (/wiki/Reading_Eagle) . (March 11, 1984) . Retrieved March 23, 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Check date values in: \|date= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) ; Italic or bold markup not allowed in: \|publisher= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup) ) ^ (#cite_ref-denisoff_424_79-0) Denisoff, p. 424 ^ (#cite_ref-pendergast_83_80-0) Pendergast, p. 83 ^ (#cite_ref-grant_82_81-0) Grant, p. 82 ^ Jump up to: a b Taraborrelli, p. 269 ^ (#cite_ref-tara_270_83-0) Taraborrelli, p. 270 ^ (#cite_ref-tara_340_344_84-0) Taraborrelli, pp. 340–344 ^ (#cite_ref-campbell_109_112_85-0) Campbell, pp. 109–112 ^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell, p. 113 ^ Jump up to: a b Kooijman, p. 28 Bibliography Bryant, Clifton D. (2009). Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience . SAGE. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 141295178X . Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop . Branden. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 082831957X . Cashmore, Ernest (1997). The Black culture industry . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415120837 . Craik, Jennifer (2005). Uniforms exposed: from conformity to transgression . Berg Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1859738044 . Curtis, James M. (1987). Rock Eras . Popular Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0879723696 . Denisoff, R. Serge (1986). Tarnished gold: the record industry revisited . Transaction Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0887386180 . Dherbier, Yann-Brice (2009). Michael Jackson: A Life in Pictures . Anova Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1862058806 . Dineen, Catherine (1993). Michael Jackson: In His Own Words . Omnibus Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0711932166 . George, Nelson (/wiki/Nelson_George) (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection (/wiki/Michael_Jackson:_The_Ultimate_Collection) booklet. Sony BMG (/wiki/Sony_BMG) . Gledhill, Christine (1991). Stardom: industry of desire . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415052173 . Grant, Adrian (2009). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary . Omnibus Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781849382618 . Hann, Seung-Kyung (2000). Vitiligo: a monograph on the basic and clinical science . Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0632050713 . Heatley, Michael (2009). Michael Jackson: 1958-2009: Life of a Legend . Headline. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0755360532 . Herbert, Emily (2009). Michael Jackson: King of Pop: 1958-2009 . John Blake Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 184454897X . Hoffmann, Frank W. (1994). Fashion & merchandising fads . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1560243767 . Jackson, Michael (2009). Moonwalk . Random House Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0307716988 . Kellner, Douglas (1995). Media culture: cultural studies, identity, and politics between the modern and the postmodern . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415105706 . Kimmell, Michael S. (2004). Men and Masculinities: A-J . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1576077748 . Kooijman, Jaap (2008). Fabricating the absolute fake: America in contemporary pop culture . Amsterdam University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9053564926 . Lewis, Jel (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews! . Amber Books Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 097497790X . Long, Elizabeth (1997). From sociology to cultural studies: new perspectives . Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1577180135 . Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century . Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0740751182 . Pendergast, Tom (2006). Contemporary Black Biography: Profiles from the International Black Company . Gale / Cengage Learning. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0787679259 . Pinkerton, Lee (1998). The Many Faces of Michael Jackson . Music Sales Distribution. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0711967830 . Pratt, Mary K. (2010). Michael Jackson: King of Pop . ABDO Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1604537884 . Prosner, Gerald (2002). Motown: music, money, sex, and power . Random House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0375500626 . Sims, Josh (2001). Rock fashion . Omnibus Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0711987491 . Taraborrelli, J. Randy (/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli) (2004). The Magic and the Madness . Headline. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0330420054 . Thriller 25: The Book (/wiki/Thriller_25) . ML Publishing Group. (2008). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9768891-9-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9768891-9-9) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : Check date values in: \|date= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date) ) Tierney, Tom (2003). American Family of the 1980s Paper Dolls . Courier Dover Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486430529 . Whiteley, Sheila (2005). Too much too young: popular music, age and gender . Routledge. 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Headgear worn by some women of Islamic culture For other uses, see Shayla (disambiguation) (/wiki/Shayla_(disambiguation)) . Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Islamic_female_clothing) on Islamic (/wiki/Islam) female (/wiki/Women_in_Islam) dress (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Types (/wiki/Types_of_hijab) Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Al-amira (/wiki/Al-amira) Battoulah (/wiki/Battoulah) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Çarşaf (/wiki/%C3%87ar%C5%9Faf) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Haik (/wiki/Haik_(garment)) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Jilbaab (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Kerudung (/wiki/Kerudung) Kimeshek (/wiki/Kimeshek) Khimar (/wiki/Khimar) Kurhars (/wiki/Kurhars) Mukena (/wiki/Mukena) Niqaab (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Safseri (/wiki/Safseri) Selendang (/wiki/Selendang) Shayla Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Yashmak (/wiki/Yashmak) Practice and law by country (/wiki/Hijab_by_country) Australia (/wiki/Burka_ban_in_Australia) Britain (/wiki/British_debate_over_veils) Canada (/wiki/Islamic_veiling_practices_by_country#Canada) Egypt (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b_in_Egypt) France (/wiki/Islamic_scarf_controversy_in_France) Indonesia (/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia#National_law_and_sharia) Iran (/wiki/Hijab_in_Iran) Pakistan (/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan#Culture) Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia#Hijab_and_dress_code) Taliban Afghanistan (/wiki/Taliban_treatment_of_women#Gender_policies) Turkey (/wiki/Headscarf_controversy_in_Turkey) Concepts Andaruni (/wiki/Andaruni) Awrah (/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam) Fahisha (/wiki/Fahisha) Gender segregation (/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation) Haya (/wiki/Haya_(Islam)) Purdah (/wiki/Purdah) Zenana (/wiki/Zenana) Other Hijabophobia (/wiki/Hijabophobia) Hujum (/wiki/Hujum) Kashf-e hijab (/wiki/Kashf-e_hijab) My Stealthy Freedom (/wiki/My_Stealthy_Freedom) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) World Hijab Day (/wiki/World_Hijab_Day) v t e Shayla ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : شيلة ) is an Islamic headgear worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any male outside of their immediate family. It is different from a khimar (/wiki/Khimar) , because it is usually wrapped and pinned. Sometimes it is worn in the form of a half niqab (/wiki/Niqab) with part of the face still appearing. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is traditionally worn by some women in Saudi Arabia and other Arab states of the Persian Gulf (/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Cultural significance [ edit ] It's often worn by Indo-Pakistani women. Many of them don't wear it because of the Islamic (/wiki/Islam) obligation of women to wear a headscarf, but as a cultural symbol. The shayla has a lot of meaning to the Pashtuns (/wiki/Pashtuns) especially. See also [ edit ] Battoulah (/wiki/Battoulah) Haik (garment) (/wiki/Haik_(garment)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The Art of Arabian Costume: A Saudi Arabian Profile . Heather Colyer Ross. 1993. 188 pag. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0887346405 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0887346405) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780887346408 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887346408) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Of style and modesty: The different kinds of hijab" (http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346576/lifestyle/of-style-and-modesty-the-different-kinds-of-hijab) . gmanetwork.com . February 2014. This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Italian luxury fashion label Palm Angels Company type Società a responsabilità limitata Industry Fashion Founded 2015; 8 years ago in Milan, Italy Founder Francesco Ragazzi Headquarters Milan, Italy Area served Worldwide Products Clothing, shoes, accessories Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) New Guards Group Website https://www.palmangels.com (https://www.palmangels.com) Palm Angels is an Italian luxury fashion label founded in 2015 by Italian art director and photographer, Francesco Ragazzi [1] (#cite_note-1) who is also the former artistic director of Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Palm Angels is part of the New Guards Group (/wiki/New_Guards_Group) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) and has collaborated with brands such as Moncler Genius, [5] (#cite_note-5) Playboi Carti (/wiki/Playboi_Carti) , BBC Ice Cream, Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) & Clarks. History [ edit ] The book, published by Rizzoli, [6] (#cite_note-6) features a collection of black and white photographs of the L.A. skateboarding scene, shot by Ragazzi and an introduction written by Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The launch took place in Paris at the former concept store named Colette. This led to the creations of a brand where the fascination for American culture merges with the Italian perspective, inspiring collections composed of deconstructed and comfortable shapes with unexpected sartorial details. The release of the book in 2014 [8] (#cite_note-8) kicked off the first ready-to-wear collection (Fall-Winter 2015), with a Spring-Summer and a Fall-Winter collection subsequently released every year. Collaborations [ edit ] In 2017, Palm Angels created a series of collaborations with brands such as Suicoke [9] (#cite_note-9) and Sundek. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2018, Palm Angels later teamed up with American brand, Vlone (/wiki/Vlone) to design a small capsule of hoodies and also with Playboi Carti (/wiki/Playboi_Carti) for a limited-edition capsule collection [11] (#cite_note-11) composed of tracksuits, t-shirts, a hoodie, and a denim jacket each emblazoned with a logo that reads “Palm Angels Die Punk”. Soon after, Palm Angels launched its collaboration with BBC Ice Cream (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(clothing_retailer)) at The Webster NY and its first collaboration in the world of hotellerie with Setai Miami during Art Basel 2019. More recently, Palm Angels presented its Fall Winter 2020 collection in New York, unveiling the Palm Angles x C. & Clarks collaboration. [12] (#cite_note-12) Palm Angels partnered with Haas F1 Team (/wiki/Haas_F1_Team) for the 2023 season (/wiki/2023_Formula_One_World_Championship) , contributing to the design of the team's garages and race suits, as well as featuring their branding on the sides of their car's liveries. [13] (#cite_note-Inside_Palm_Angels’_Plan_to_Conquer_the_World_With_Formula_1-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Eytan, Declan. "Meet The Man Who Brings Cannabis and Palm Trees to The World of High Fashion" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/declaneytan/2017/01/29/meet-the-man-who-brings-cannabis-and-palm-trees-to-the-world-of-high-fashion/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) DeAcetis, Joseph. "Palm Angels Dope Connection With The Genuine Energy And Innovation Of Beijing, Shanghai And Tokyo" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephdeacetis/2018/12/12/palm-angels-connection-with-the-energy-and-innovation-of-tokyo-beijing-and-shanghai/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Paton, Elizabeth (2020-09-23). "Is the New Guards Group the New Guard of Fashion?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/fashion/New-Guards-Milan-Fashion-Week.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Through acquisitions, New Guards Group is building a global fashion conglomerate" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/new-guards-group-opening-ceremony-acquisition) . Vogue Business . 14 January 2020 . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) DeAcetis, Joseph. "Palm Angels Dope Connection With The Genuine Energy And Innovation Of Beijing, Shanghai And Tokyo" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephdeacetis/2018/12/12/palm-angels-connection-with-the-energy-and-innovation-of-tokyo-beijing-and-shanghai/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Vacheron, Joel. "Book" (https://www.rizzoliusa.com/book/9780847842407/) . Rizzoli New York . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Salibian, Sandra (2019-04-18). "Palm Angels' Francesco Ragazzi Opens Up About His Beginnings and Future Projects" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/palm-angels-francesco-ragazzi-istituto-marangoni-1203112815/) . WWD . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "About Palm Angels" (https://www.palmangels.com/en-it/legal/about) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Palm Angels and SUICOKE Team Up for Slides Inspired by Venice Beach" (https://hypebeast.com/2017/12/palm-angels-suicoke-slides-collaboration) . HYPEBEAST . 7 December 2017 . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Palm Angels x Sundek: Surfwear Re-imagined for SS18" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/palm-angels-sundek-ss18/) . Highsnobiety . 2018-08-07 . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Playboi Carti Joins Palm Angels for "Die Punk" Capsule" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/2/playboi-carti-palm-angels-die-punk-capsule) . HYPEBEAST . 9 February 2018 . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Davalli, Carolina (2020-10-06). "Reimagining an icon in 2020: discover the Palm Angels x Clarks Originals collaboration" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/pkyjmk/palm-angels-clarks-originals-collaboration) . i-D . Retrieved 2020-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-Inside_Palm_Angels’_Plan_to_Conquer_the_World_With_Formula_1_13-0) "Inside Palm Angels' Plan to Conquer the World With Formula 1" (https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a43877341/palm-angels-formula-1-haas-racing) . Esquire . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . 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Thai drag performer and costume designer (1985–2023) Bandit บัณฑิต จันทะวัน Born Bandit Janthawan ( 1985-07-10 ) 10 July 1985 Died 26 December 2023 (2023-12-26) (aged 38) Thailand Nationality Thai Other names Tum [1] (#cite_note-episode1-1) Television Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) ( season 2 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_2)) ) Bandit Janthawan ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : บัณฑิต จันทะวัน , pronounced [bān.dìt (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) tɕān (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) tʰa.wān] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) ; 10 July 1985 – 26 December 2023), known by the stage name of Bandit , was a Thai drag (/wiki/Drag_(entertainment)) performer, costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , and personal stylist (/wiki/Personal_stylist) who competed on season 2 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_2)) of Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) . Bandit created outfits worn by Pangina Heals (/wiki/Pangina_Heals) on the show. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Bandit Janthawan competed as Bandit on the second season (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_2)) of Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) , which aired in 2019. [3] (#cite_note-3) She won the fifth episode's acting challenge, alongside Vanda Miss Joaquim (/wiki/Vanda_Miss_Joaquim_(drag_queen)) , Angele Anang (/wiki/Angele_Anang) , Genie (/wiki/Genie_(drag_queen)) , Miss Gimhuay, and Mocha Diva. [4] (#cite_note-episode5-4) Bandit and Vanda Miss Joaquim were eliminated on episode 11, placing 4th/5th overall. [5] (#cite_note-episode11-5) As a fashion designer, Bandit released the collection The Men from the Venus in 2011. In addition to designing and sewing, Bandit was able to spin, knit, and process fabric for garments. [6] (#cite_note-6) Bandit was an adjunct lecturer (/wiki/Adjunct_lecturer) of fashion design at multiple universities, and ran the fashion line Bandit by Bandit. [1] (#cite_note-episode1-1) Personal life and death [ edit ] Janthawan was born on 10 July 1985, [7] (#cite_note-7) and died in Thailand in December 2023, at the age of 38. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Bandit is the fourth contestant from the Drag Race franchise (/wiki/Drag_Race_(franchise)) to die, after Sahara Davenport (/wiki/Sahara_Davenport) , Chi Chi DeVayne (/wiki/Chi_Chi_DeVayne) , and Cherry Valentine (/wiki/Cherry_Valentine) . Following the announcement of Bandit's death, Drag Race Thailand judge Pangina Heals (/wiki/Pangina_Heals) and contestants paid tribute on social media, including Angele Anang (/wiki/Angele_Anang) and Kana Warrior. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) World of Wonder (/wiki/World_of_Wonder_(company)) , the American production company behind Drag Race , also paid tribute to Bandit. [9] (#cite_note-9) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] List of television credits Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2022 Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) ( season 2 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_2)) ) Herself/Contestant 4th/5th place [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Re-Born This Way". Drag Race Thailand . Season 2. Episode 1. 11 January 2019. Kantana Group (/wiki/Kantana_Group) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "8 Thai drag queens you should follow this Pride Month and beyond" (https://www.lifestyleasia.com/bk/culture/people/thai-drag-queens/) . Lifestyle Asia Bangkok . 18 June 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240104194251/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/bk/culture/people/thai-drag-queens/) from the original on 4 January 2024 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Haley, Brendan. "Drag Race Thailand Season 2 Is Here—And We're Gagging!" (https://www.pride.com/dragqueens/2019/1/09/drag-race-thailand-season-2-here-and-were-gagging) . pride.com . Here Media (/wiki/Here_Media) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231226192259/https://www.pride.com/dragqueens/2019/1/09/drag-race-thailand-season-2-here-and-were-gagging) from the original on 26 December 2023 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-episode5_4-0) "Hollywood Inspirations". Drag Race Thailand . Season 2. Episode 5. 8 February 2019. Kantana Group (/wiki/Kantana_Group) . ^ (#cite_ref-episode11_5-0) "White Elephants". Drag Race Thailand . Season 2. Episode 11. 22 March 2019. Kantana Group (/wiki/Kantana_Group) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Men From The Venus -- Bandit 2011 Special Edition for Starry Night" (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OfKJ2oLMvuY) . 7 February 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231226192240/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=OfKJ2oLMvuY) from the original on 26 December 2023 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) @dragracethailand (10 July 2019). "Happy Birthday to "Bandit" ค๊าาาา 🎉🎉 เฮง ๆ รวย ๆ มีความสุขมาก ๆ นะคะ😘❤️" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Bzu22iODu0m/) – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ a b " (https://ew.com/drag-race-thailand-bandit-dead-8420179) 'Drag Race Thailand' star Bandit dies at 38" (https://ew.com/drag-race-thailand-bandit-dead-8420179) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231226211426/https://ew.com/drag-race-thailand-bandit-dead-8420179) from the original on 26 December 2023 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Robledo, Jordan (26 December 2023). "Drag Race Thailand star Bandit dies, aged 38" (https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/drag/drag-race-thailand-star-bandit-dies-aged-38/) . Gay Times (/wiki/Gay_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231227020414/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/drag/drag-race-thailand-star-bandit-dies-aged-38/) from the original on 27 December 2023 . Retrieved 27 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Milligan, Kaitlin. "DRAG RACE THAILAND to Debut on WOW Presents Plus" (https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/DRAG-RACE-THAILAND-to-Debut-on-WOW-Presents-Plus-20190809) . BroadwayWorld (/wiki/BroadwayWorld) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190809181942/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/DRAG-RACE-THAILAND-to-Debut-on-WOW-Presents-Plus-20190809) from the original on 9 August 2019 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . External links [ edit ] Bandit Janthawan (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14683967/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) v t e Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_season_2) Contestants Winners Natalia Pliacam (/wiki/Natalia_Pliacam) Angele Anang (/wiki/Angele_Anang) Année Maywong (/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_Maywong) Bandit Genie (/wiki/Genie_(drag_queen)) Miss Gimhuay (/wiki/Miss_Gimhuay) Mocha Diva (/wiki/Mocha_Diva) Vanda Miss Joaquim (/wiki/Vanda_Miss_Joaquim_(drag_queen)) Related Episodes (/wiki/List_of_Drag_Race_Thailand_episodes) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) LGBT (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Thailand (/wiki/Portal:Thailand) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐2cwz2 Cached time: 20240712195221 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.566 seconds Real time usage: 0.745 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2507/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34864/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2093/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49502/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.401/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23377903/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 704.603 1 -total 22.89% 161.283 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.10% 148.693 1 Template:Reflist 19.54% 137.657 1 Template:Lang-th 12.49% 87.989 3 Template:Cite_episode 12.05% 84.887 1 Template:Drag_Race_Thailand 12.01% 84.592 2 Template:Navbox 10.20% 71.882 1 Template:Short_description 7.58% 53.380 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.86% 41.264 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66909534-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712195221 and revision id 1225951868. 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hairdressing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hairdressing) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. C Hair coloring (/wiki/Category:Hair_coloring) ‎ (16 P) F Film awards for makeup and hairstyling (/wiki/Category:Film_awards_for_makeup_and_hairstyling) ‎ (7 C, 23 P) H Hair care products (/wiki/Category:Hair_care_products) ‎ (1 C, 43 P) Hair salons (/wiki/Category:Hair_salons) ‎ (2 C, 9 P) Hairdressers (/wiki/Category:Hairdressers) ‎ (5 C, 40 P) Hairstyles (/wiki/Category:Hairstyles) ‎ (4 C, 102 P) K Kinky hair (/wiki/Category:Kinky_hair) ‎ (1 C, 10 P) S Shaving (/wiki/Category:Shaving) ‎ (1 C, 21 P) Pages in category "Hairdressing" The following 98 pages are in this category, out of 98 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) A AACTA Award for Best Hair and Makeup (/wiki/AACTA_Award_for_Best_Hair_and_Makeup) African-American hair (/wiki/African-American_hair) Ammonium thioglycolate (/wiki/Ammonium_thioglycolate) B Barber (/wiki/Barber) Barber chair (/wiki/Barber_chair) Barber's pole (/wiki/Barber%27s_pole) List of barbers (/wiki/List_of_barbers) Barbicide (/wiki/Barbicide) Barbie Magic Hair Styler (/wiki/Barbie_Magic_Hair_Styler) Binyeo (/wiki/Binyeo) Bobby pin (/wiki/Bobby_pin) Body grooming (/wiki/Body_grooming) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Brazilian hair straightening (/wiki/Brazilian_hair_straightening) C Capitol School of Hairstyling & Esthetics (/wiki/Capitol_School_of_Hairstyling_%26_Esthetics) Changzhou comb (/wiki/Changzhou_comb) Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Claw clip (/wiki/Claw_clip) Comb (/wiki/Comb) Cowlick (/wiki/Cowlick) Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) D Dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dread perming (/wiki/Dread_perming) Dry shampoo (/wiki/Dry_shampoo) E Empire Beauty Schools (/wiki/Empire_Beauty_Schools) F Film-forming agent (/wiki/Film-forming_agent) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) First Choice Haircutters (/wiki/First_Choice_Haircutters) First haircut (/wiki/First_haircut) Flowbee (/wiki/Flowbee) Follicular unit extraction (/wiki/Follicular_unit_extraction) Frizz (/wiki/Frizz) G Gache (/wiki/Gache) Gajra (/wiki/Gajra) H Hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) Hair clip (/wiki/Hair_clip) Hair clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) Hair dryer (/wiki/Hair_dryer) Hair gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) Hair iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Hair roller (/wiki/Hair_roller) Hair stick (/wiki/Hair_stick) Hair straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) Hair tie (/wiki/Hair_tie) Hair Wars (/wiki/Hair_Wars) Hair washing (/wiki/Hair_washing) Hair washing without commercial shampoo (/wiki/Hair_washing_without_commercial_shampoo) Hair weave (/wiki/Hair_weave) Hair-cutting shears (/wiki/Hair-cutting_shears) Hair-grooming syncope (/wiki/Hair-grooming_syncope) Hairbrush (/wiki/Hairbrush) The Hairdresser's Husband (/wiki/The_Hairdresser%27s_Husband) Hairdressers Journal International (/wiki/Hairdressers_Journal_International) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hairstyling tool (/wiki/Hairstyling_tool) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) Hot roots (/wiki/Hot_roots) K Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kumkuma (/wiki/Kumkuma) L Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle (/wiki/Let%27s_trim_our_hair_in_accordance_with_the_socialist_lifestyle) Liturgical comb (/wiki/Liturgical_comb) Lock ring (/wiki/Lock_ring) Locks of Love (/wiki/Locks_of_Love) M Macassar oil (/wiki/Macassar_oil) Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (/wiki/Make-Up_Artists_and_Hair_Stylists_Guild) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) N National Hairdressers' Federation (/wiki/National_Hairdressers%27_Federation) O Olaplex (/wiki/Olaplex) P Panthenol (/wiki/Panthenol) Perm (hairstyle) (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) Pomade (/wiki/Pomade) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hairstyling) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hairstyling_for_a_Limited_Series_or_Movie) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single-Camera Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hairstyling_for_a_Single-Camera_Series) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hairstyling_for_a_Variety,_Nonfiction_or_Reality_Program) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Period and/or Character Hairstyling (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Period_and/or_Character_Hairstyling) Punjabi paranda (/wiki/Punjabi_paranda) R Relaxer (/wiki/Relaxer) Rio Hair Naturalizer System (/wiki/Rio_Hair_Naturalizer_System) S Salon Selectives (/wiki/Salon_Selectives) Tryphon Samaras (/wiki/Tryphon_Samaras) Senegalia rugata (/wiki/Senegalia_rugata) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Shampoo (massage) (/wiki/Shampoo_(massage)) Shampoo and set (/wiki/Shampoo_and_set) Shubi (comb) (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Sindoor (/wiki/Sindoor) Singe (/wiki/Singe) Hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) T Tangle Teezer (/wiki/Tangle_Teezer) Tokoyama (/wiki/Tokoyama) Toledo Academy of Beauty (/wiki/Toledo_Academy_of_Beauty) W Wahl Clipper (/wiki/Wahl_Clipper) Wig (/wiki/Wig) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressing&oldid=928015825 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressing&oldid=928015825) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Personal care and service occupations (/wiki/Category:Personal_care_and_service_occupations) Fashion occupations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_occupations) Beauty (/wiki/Category:Beauty) Human hair (/wiki/Category:Human_hair) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Japanese actress and fashion model (born 1995) Ito Ohno 大野いと Ohno at the Tokyo International Film Festival (/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival) in 2016 Born ( 1995-07-02 ) 2 July 1995 (age 29) Nakama, Fukuoka (/wiki/Nakama,_Fukuoka) , Japan [1] (#cite_note-fukuoka_kenjinkai-1) Nationality Japanese Occupations Model actress Years active 2009–present Style Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Height 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-profile-3) Ito Ohno ( 大野いと , Ōno Ito , born 2 July 1995, in Nakama, Fukuoka (/wiki/Nakama,_Fukuoka) , Japan) [1] (#cite_note-fukuoka_kenjinkai-1) is a Japanese actress and fashion model. [3] (#cite_note-profile-3) She is represented with Horipro (/wiki/Horipro) . Videography [ edit ] Videos [ edit ] Year Title Link 2011 Gekkan Neo Movie: Ito Ohno Amazon Japan (https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B004XG1C5E) Filmography [ edit ] TV drama [ edit ] Year Title Role Network Notes Ref. 2011 Kōkōsei Restaurant (/wiki/K%C5%8Dk%C5%8Dsei_Restaurant) Kayo Hoshino NTV (/wiki/Nippon_TV) Nankyoku Tairiku (/wiki/Nankyoku_Tairiku) Mitsuko Inuzuka TBS (/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System) 2012 Saiko no Jinsei (/wiki/Saiko_no_Jinsei) Momoko Ihara Kuro no Jokyōshi Asuka Shimamura Keigo Higashino Mysteries Reiko Yamashita Fuji TV (/wiki/Fuji_Television) Episode 4 2013 Strawberry Night After the Invisible Rain: Tokyo Miyoko Tada Neo Ultra Q (/wiki/Neo_Ultra_Q) Michiru Yashiro WOWOW (/wiki/WOWOW) Episode 10 Amachan (/wiki/Amachan) Mana Endo NHK (/wiki/NHK) Weeks 13 to 25 [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Yamada-kun and the Seven Witches (/wiki/Yamada-kun_and_the_Seven_Witches) Nene Odagiri Fuji TV [6] (#cite_note-6) 2014 Kindaichi Shōnen no Jikenbo N Miho Shiraishi NTV Episodes 3 and 4 Watashitachi ga Propose sa Renai no ni wa, 101 no Riyū ga atteda na Mayumi LaLa TV Episode 6 2015 Hotel Concierge Ai "Meg" Kobayakawa TBS Episode 9 and Final Episode Mago Senpai no Iu Tōri Mago Fuji TV Lead role [7] (#cite_note-7) 2016 Dame na Watashi ni Koishite Kudasai (/wiki/Dame_na_Watashi_ni_Koishite_Kudasai) Aya Tanno TBS 2022 Invisible Toko Anno TBS [8] (#cite_note-8) Internet drama [ edit ] Year Title Role Website 2011 High School Debut: Debut Chokuzen Shūchū Kōza (/wiki/High_School_Debut) Harena Nagashima Lismo Channel Films [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2011 High School Debut (/wiki/High_School_Debut) Harena Nagashima Lead role 2012 Ai to Makoto (/wiki/Ai_to_Makoto) Yuki Takahara Ai Ore! (/wiki/Ai_Ore!) Mizuki Sakurazaka Lead role Tsunagu Natsu Misono [9] (#cite_note-9) 2014 Idainaru, shurarabon Satsuki Hayami Live Rumi Murota Lead role [10] (#cite_note-10) 2015 Chasuke's Journey (/wiki/Chasuke%27s_Journey) Yuri [11] (#cite_note-11) Wasure Yuki Miyuki [12] (#cite_note-12) 2016 Ame ni yureru Onna Satomi [13] (#cite_note-13) 2017 Ani ni Aisa re sugite Komattemasu Senyuki Yoshioka [14] (#cite_note-14) 2018 Akuma 2019 Tokyo Wine Party People [15] (#cite_note-15) 2022 Takatsu-gawa [16] (#cite_note-16) Stage [ edit ] Year Title Role Ref. 2016 Rai-ō no Terrace Kunumu Muramusume [17] (#cite_note-17) Reizōko no ue no Jinsei Musume [18] (#cite_note-18) Advertisements [ edit ] Year Title 2010 Ezaki Glico (/wiki/Ezaki_Glico) Nihon Ōdan Glico Wagon 2012 NHK Kōkyō Hōsō Spot Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) Pantene (/wiki/Pantene) 2014 Marvelous AQL (/wiki/Marvelous_(company)) Story of Seasons (/wiki/Story_of_Seasons_(video_game)) Advertising [ edit ] Year Title Ref. 2012 91st All Japan High School Soccer Tournament (/wiki/All_Japan_High_School_Soccer_Tournament) Eighth Support Manager 2013 Parco (/wiki/Parco_(retailer)) Summer Campaign Model [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Newspapers [ edit ] Year Title 2012 Asahi Shimbun (/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun) "TV Face: Hito ga Ōkute Naremasen" Bibliography [ edit ] Photo albums [ edit ] Year Title Ref. 2011 Gekkan Neo Movie: Ito Ohno 2012 Ito [21] (#cite_note-21) 2015 dear [22] (#cite_note-22) Magazines [ edit ] Year Title Notes 2010 Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(Japanese_magazine)) Exclusive model References [ edit ] ^ a b Ogawa, Kosuke (20 Nov 2009). "フィルムコミッションをきっかけに未来のスター誕生【ご紹介】" (https://archive.today/20130501070149/http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/fukuoka-kenjinkai/message/825?expand=1) . Fukuoka Kenjinkai (in Japanese). Yahoo! Japan (/wiki/Yahoo!_Japan) . Archived from the original (http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/fukuoka-kenjinkai/message/825?expand=1) on 1 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "大野いと綾瀬はるか似の"天然"美少女尊敬する人は…" (http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2012/01/07/kiji/K20120107002381380.html) . Sponichi Annex (in Japanese). Sports Nippon (/wiki/Sports_Nippon) . 7 Jan 2012 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ a b "公式プロフィール" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130813231212/http://www.horipro.co.jp/talent/PF121/) (in Japanese). Horipro (/wiki/Horipro) . Archived from the original (http://horipro.co.jp/talent/PF121/) on 13 August 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "「あまちゃん」大野いと野球選手との結婚を妄想" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161227061023/http://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/entame/entertainment/169001/) . Tokyo Sports (/wiki/Tokyo_Sports) (in Japanese). 2 Aug 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/entame/entertainment/169001/) on 27 December 2016 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "『あまちゃん』GMT47メンバーお披露目挿入歌「暦の上ではディセンバー」完成" (http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/movie/2026048/full/) . Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon (/wiki/Oricon) . 28 Jun 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "ドラマ版『山田くんと7人の魔女』新キャスト発表大野いと、松井愛莉ら" (http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/movie/2026656/full/) . Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon. 16 Jul 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "フジ×ＪＲＡコラボ！筋書きが変わる競馬ドラマ、大野いと初主演" (http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20150927/geo15092705040013-n1.html) (in Japanese). Sanspo.com. 27 Sep 2015 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "板垣李光人：金曜ドラマ「インビジブル」で柴咲コウの"片腕"に" (https://mantan-web.jp/article/20220321dog00m200040000c.html) . mantan-web.jp (in Japanese). March 22, 2022 . Retrieved April 12, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "ツナグ : 作品情報" (https://eiga.com/movie/58083/) . Eiga.com (in Japanese) . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "山田悠介原作『ライヴ』、井口昇監督が映画化! 主要キャストに大野いと他" (http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2014/02/22/071/) (in Japanese). Mynavi News. 22 Feb 2014 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "松山ケンイチがお茶汲み係に!? 大野いと&伊勢谷友介らと競演『天の茶助』" (http://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2014/05/21/23549.html) (in Japanese). CinemaCafe.net. 21 May 2014 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "2PM・チャンソンが日本映画に主演大野いと共演で新堂冬樹「忘れ雪」映画化" (https://eiga.com/news/20150318/20/) . Eiga.com (in Japanese). 19 Mar 2015 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "その出会いは罪？青木崇高×大野いと「雨にゆれる女」ビジュアル解禁" (http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/198554) . Eiga Natalie (/wiki/Natalie_(website)) (in Japanese). Natasha. 18 Aug 2016 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "超特急タクヤが王子キャラ、杉野遥亮がヘタレ役で土屋太鳳「兄こま」に出演" (http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/208111) . Eiga Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha. 6 Nov 2016 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "東京ワイン会ピープル" (https://eiga.com/movie/91275/) . eiga.com . Retrieved July 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "延期から2年「高津川」新公開日が決定、甲本雅裕「喜びの気持ちでいっぱい」" (https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/457727) . Natalie . Retrieved December 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "大野いと、三島由紀夫作品で初舞台に挑む「全力で頑張りたい」" (http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2059965/full/) . Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon. 30 Sep 2015 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "音楽朗読劇「冷蔵庫のうえの人生」大空祐飛、大野いとが母と娘に" (http://natalie.mu/stage/news/183711) . Stage Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha. 17 Apr 2016 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "大胆な水着姿を披露! PARCOの水着キャンペーンモデルに「大野いと」決定" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130713141620/http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2013/05/16/354/index.html) (in Japanese). Mynavi Woman. 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 13 July 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) ^ (#cite_ref-20) "PARCO SUMMER キャンペーンモデル「大野いと」決定!" (http://www.parco.co.jp/group/pdf/swimhpyou.pdf) (PDF) (in Japanese). Parco Hōdō Shiryō. 14 May 2013 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "大野いと写真集「ITO」は私の思い出帳" (http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/6933938/) (in Japanese). Livedoor News. 9 Sep 2012 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "大野いと美し！１０代ラスト写真集「ハタチ前の私と会いましょう♪」" (http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20150613/geo15061305020011-n1.html) (in Japanese). Sanspo.com. 13 Jun 2015 . Retrieved 26 Dec 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official profile (http://horipro.co.jp/talent/PF121/) (in Japanese) Ito Ohno (https://www.instagram.com/ohno_ito/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) (in Japanese) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/3940153954872105680000) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk4CGWKvggYwBcx3mwjYP) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018135802) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7dca8d77-9e4c-46ca-b26d-0b5547a93bb0) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐vxng5 Cached time: 20240710173557 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.604 seconds Real time usage: 0.763 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2863/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58884/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2697/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 92716/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.434/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23392284/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 709.349 1 -total 30.65% 217.422 1 Template:Infobox_person 27.88% 197.792 1 Template:Reflist 24.36% 172.807 22 Template:Cite_web 14.92% 105.847 1 Template:Nihongo 11.20% 79.428 1 Template:Authority_control 9.50% 67.368 1 Template:Short_description 8.59% 60.968 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.71% 47.623 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.04% 42.863 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52692887-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710173557 and revision id 1218589615. 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Dress worn by Meghan Markle at her wedding to Prince Harry in 2018 Wedding dress of Meghan Markle Designer Clare Waight Keller (/wiki/Clare_Waight_Keller) Year 2018 ( 2018 ) Material Silk (/wiki/Silk) The wedding dress worn by Meghan Markle (/wiki/Meghan_Markle) at her wedding to Prince Harry (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) on 19 May 2018 [1] (#cite_note-BBC-1) was designed by the British fashion designer Clare Waight Keller (/wiki/Clare_Waight_Keller) , artistic director of the fashion house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) . The bride's veil (/wiki/Veil) was embroidered with flowers representing the countries of the Commonwealth; the California poppy, in honour of Markle's home state of California; and wintersweet, a flower that grows at Kensington Palace (/wiki/Kensington_Palace) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Pre-wedding speculation [ edit ] The engagement of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry) was announced on 27 November 2017, but the speculation about the bride's dress had started even earlier. [3] (#cite_note-3) Some commentators suggested that Markle would not wear a white wedding (/wiki/White_wedding) dress as she had been married previously. [4] (#cite_note-4) In December 2017, Israeli designer Inbal Dror (/wiki/Inbal_Dror) was asked to submit designs for a wedding dress. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) It was rumoured that Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) and Ralph & Russo (/wiki/Ralph_%26_Russo) were also contenders. [1] (#cite_note-BBC-1) By January 2018, British designer Stewart Parvin (/wiki/Stewart_Parvin) was the bookmakers' favourite. [7] (#cite_note-7) Betting was suspended after Alexander McQueen attracted a large amount of wagers. [8] (#cite_note-8) Markle had commented on wedding dress styles in 2016, as her character was getting married in Suits (/wiki/Suits_(U.S._TV_series)) , saying that she preferred simple styles. [9] (#cite_note-9) Markle, long a vocal admirer of the style of Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (/wiki/Carolyn_Bessette-Kennedy) , described Bessette-Kennedy's wedding gown (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Carolyn_Bessette) as "everything goals". [10] (#cite_note-harpersbazaar.com-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Design [ edit ] Designer [ edit ] Markle chose designer Waight Keller because she "wanted to highlight the success of a leading British talent who has now served as the creative head of three globally influential fashion houses — Pringle of Scotland, Chloé, and now Givenchy." [12] (#cite_note-12) She chose Keller to create her wedding dress due to the designer's "elegant aesthetic" and "relaxed demeanour." [13] (#cite_note-13) Waight Keller has been Givenchy's creative director since 2017. [14] (#cite_note-14) The dress was made in Paris by "a small team of ateliers (/wiki/Atelier) ". [15] (#cite_note-15) There was only five months to have the dress and the veil manufactured, and Waight Keller and Markle met for eight fittings. [16] (#cite_note-:1-16) Markle and Waight Keller worked closely together to design the dress, which shows a "timeless minimal elegance", according to a Kensington Palace (/wiki/Kensington_Palace) announcement. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) The two contacted each other through discreet texts and phone calls, before and after nondisclosure agreements were signed, with Waight Keller unable to tell anyone that she had been selected to design the dress. [18] (#cite_note-18) Waight Keller stated that the dress sought to "convey modernity through sleek lines and sharp cuts", while paying homage to the history of the Givenchy house. [19] (#cite_note-19) Dress [ edit ] The design of the simple white dress and the name of its maker were revealed only when the bride got out of the car and entered St George's Chapel (/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle) at Windsor Castle (/wiki/Windsor_Castle) for the wedding service. The dress was made of silk (/wiki/Silk) with three-quarter-length sleeves, an open boat neckline (/wiki/Boat_neckline) and a train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) with built-in triple silk organza (/wiki/Organza) underskirt. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Waight Keller helped develop a double bonded silk cady for the construction of the dress, which featured only six seams. [20] (#cite_note-20) The dress was without lace or any other embellishments. [21] (#cite_note-givhan_dress-21) Veil [ edit ] The dress is augmented by a long 5 metre (16-ft) veil (/wiki/Veil) , hand-embroidered with a variety of flowers on its hem, and symbolic sprays of wheat. [1] (#cite_note-BBC-1) [22] (#cite_note-Royal-22) It was 3 metres wide. [23] (#cite_note-23) The veil took longer to create than the dress itself, [24] (#cite_note-24) and the embroiderers spent 500 hours on completing it, washing their hands every 30 minutes to make sure that the veil would remain immaculate until the wedding day. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) A piece of the blue dress from Markle's first date with Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) was stitched into the bridal veil. [27] (#cite_note-27) Markle also chose two favourite flowers – wintersweet ( Chimonanthus praecox (/wiki/Chimonanthus_praecox) ), which grows outside Nottingham Cottage (/wiki/Nottingham_Cottage) at Kensington Palace (/wiki/Kensington_Palace) , where she and Harry lived, and the California poppy ( Eschscholzia californica (/wiki/Eschscholzia_californica) ), from where she was born – along with individual flowers representing the 53 countries of the Commonwealth (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations) , [1] (#cite_note-BBC-1) [22] (#cite_note-Royal-22) reflecting the couple's interest in the work of the Commonwealth. The countries and flowers are: [22] (#cite_note-Royal-22) Acacia pycnantha (Australia) Nymphaea nouchali (/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali) ( Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) ) Guaiacum officinale (/wiki/Guaiacum_officinale) ( Jamaica (/wiki/Jamaica) ) Markhamia zanzibarica (/wiki/Markhamia_zanzibarica) ( Mozambique (/wiki/Mozambique) ) Vanda 'Miss Joaquim' (/wiki/Vanda_%27Miss_Joaquim%27) (Singapore) Warszewiczia coccinea (/wiki/Warszewiczia_coccinea) ( Trinidad & Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_%26_Tobago) ) Antigua and Barbuda (/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda) – agave ( Agave karatto (/w/index.php?title=Agave_karatto&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Australia (/wiki/Australia) – golden wattles ( Acacia pycnantha (/wiki/Acacia_pycnantha) ) Bahamas (/wiki/Bahamas) – yellow elder ( Tecoma stans (/wiki/Tecoma_stans) ) Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) – sada shapla or white water lily (white form of Nymphaea nouchali (/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali) ) Barbados (/wiki/Barbados) – the pride of Barbados ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima (/wiki/Caesalpinia_pulcherrima) ) Belize (/wiki/Belize) – the black orchid ( Prosthechea cochleata (/wiki/Prosthechea_cochleata) ) Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) – ear of Sorghum (/wiki/Sorghum) and cat's claw ( Uncaria tomentosa (/wiki/Uncaria_tomentosa) ) Brunei Darussalam (/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam) – simpor ( Dillenia suffruticosa (/wiki/Dillenia_suffruticosa) ) Cameroon (/wiki/Cameroon) – red stinkwood ( Prunus africana (/wiki/Prunus_africana) ) Canada (/wiki/Canada) – bunchberry ( Cornus canadensis (/wiki/Cornus_canadensis) ) Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) – Cyclamen cyprium (/wiki/Cyclamen_cyprium) Dominica (/wiki/Dominica) – carib wood ( Poitea carinalis (/wiki/Poitea_carinalis) ) Eswatini (/wiki/Eswatini) – fire heath ( Erica cerinthoides (/wiki/Erica_cerinthoides) ) Fiji (/wiki/Fiji) – tagimaucia ( Medinilla waterhousei (/wiki/Medinilla_waterhousei) ) Gambia (/wiki/Gambia) – white variety orchid Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) – caladium ( Caladium (/wiki/Caladium) ) Grenada (/wiki/Grenada) – bougainvillea ( Nyctaginaceae (/wiki/Nyctaginaceae) ) Guyana (/wiki/Guyana) – Queen Victoria water lily ( Victoria amazonica (/wiki/Victoria_amazonica) ) India (/wiki/India) – Indian lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera (/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera) ) Jamaica (/wiki/Jamaica) – lignum vitae ( Guaiacum officinale (/wiki/Guaiacum_officinale) ) Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) – the tropical orchid Kiribati (/wiki/Kiribati) – Bidens kiribatiensis (/w/index.php?title=Bidens_kiribatiensis&action=edit&redlink=1) Lesotho (/wiki/Lesotho) – spiral aloe ( Aloe polyphylla (/wiki/Aloe_polyphylla) ) Malawi (/wiki/Malawi) – lotus ( Nymphaea lotus (/wiki/Nymphaea_lotus) ) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) – bunga raya or tropical hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis) ) Malta (/wiki/Malta) – Maltese centaury ( Cheirolophus crassifolius (/wiki/Cheirolophus_crassifolius) ) Mauritius (/wiki/Mauritius) – Trochetia boutoniana (/wiki/Trochetia_boutoniana) Mozambique (/wiki/Mozambique) – maroon bell bean ( Markhamia zanzibarica (/wiki/Markhamia_zanzibarica) ) Namibia (/wiki/Namibia) – welwitschia ( Welwitschia mirabilis (/wiki/Welwitschia_mirabilis) ) Nauru (/wiki/Nauru) – Calophyllum (/wiki/Calophyllum) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) – kowhai ( Sophora microphylla (/wiki/Sophora_microphylla) ) Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) – yellow trumpet ( Costus spectabilis (/wiki/Costus_spectabilis) ) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) – jasmine ( Jasminum officinale (/wiki/Jasminum_officinale) ) Papua New Guinea (/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea) – Sepik blue orchid ( Dendrobium lasianthera (/w/index.php?title=Dendrobium_lasianthera&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Rwanda (/wiki/Rwanda) – torch lily ( Kniphofia uvaria (/wiki/Kniphofia_uvaria) ) Saint Lucia (/wiki/Saint_Lucia) – the rose and the marguerite Samoa (/wiki/Samoa) – teuila ( Alpinia purpurata (/wiki/Alpinia_purpurata) ) Seychelles (/wiki/Seychelles) – tropicbird orchid ( Angraecum eburneum (/wiki/Angraecum_eburneum) ) Sierra Leone (/wiki/Sierra_Leone) – scadoxus ( Scadoxus cinnabarinus (/wiki/Scadoxus_cinnabarinus) ) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) – Vanda 'Miss Joaquim' (/wiki/Vanda_%27Miss_Joaquim%27) Solomon Islands (/wiki/Solomon_Islands) – hibiscus ( Hibiscus (/wiki/Hibiscus) ) South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) – protea ( Protea cynaroides (/wiki/Protea_cynaroides) ) Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) – blue water lily (pale blue form of Nymphaea nouchali (/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali) ) St Kitts and Nevis (/wiki/St_Kitts_and_Nevis) – poinciana ( Delonix regia (/wiki/Delonix_regia) ) St Vincent & the Grenadines (/wiki/St_Vincent_%26_the_Grenadines) – Soufriere tree ( Spachea perforata (/wiki/Spachea_perforata) ) Tonga (/wiki/Tonga) – heilala ( Garcinia sessilis (/wiki/Garcinia_sessilis) ) Trinidad & Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_%26_Tobago) – chaconia ( Warszewiczia coccinea (/wiki/Warszewiczia_coccinea) ) Tuvalu (/wiki/Tuvalu) – plumeria ( Plumeria rubra (/wiki/Plumeria_rubra) ) Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) – desert rose ( Adenium obesum (/wiki/Adenium_obesum) ) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) England (/wiki/England) – rose ( Rosa (/wiki/Rosa_(plant)) ) Northern Ireland (/wiki/Northern_Ireland) – flax ( Linum usitatissimum (/wiki/Linum_usitatissimum) ) Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) – thistle (/wiki/Thistle) ( Cirsium vulgare (/wiki/Cirsium_vulgare) ) Wales (/wiki/Wales) – daffodil ( Narcissus (/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)) ) United Republic of Tanzania (/wiki/United_Republic_of_Tanzania) – African violet ( Streptocarpus sect. (/wiki/Streptocarpus_sect._Saintpaulia) Saintpaulia ) Vanuatu (/wiki/Vanuatu) – anthurium ( Anthurium (/wiki/Anthurium) ) Zambia (/wiki/Zambia) – bougainvillea ( Bougainvillea (/wiki/Bougainvillea) ) Reception [ edit ] Elizabeth Emanuel (/wiki/Elizabeth_Emanuel) , co-designer of Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) 's wedding gown (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) , thought that the gown made a "really solid fashion statement" and thought that Waight Keller "should be pleased because Meghan looked absolutely stunning and beautiful." [28] (#cite_note-28) Waight Keller stated that Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry) told her "Oh my God. Thank you. She is absolutely magnificent." [29] (#cite_note-29) The media have noted similarities between Markle's dress and those worn by Angela Brown (/wiki/Princess_Angela_of_Liechtenstein) at her wedding to Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein (/wiki/Prince_Maximilian_of_Liechtenstein) in 2000, and Mary Donaldson (/wiki/Mary_Donaldson) at her wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Frederik,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark,_and_Mary_Donaldson) to Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark (/wiki/Frederik_X) in 2004. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) It has also been compared to a Givenchy dress worn by Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) in the 1957 film Funny Face (/wiki/Funny_Face) . [32] (#cite_note-32) Emilia Wickstead (/wiki/Emilia_Wickstead) claimed that the dress was "identical" to one of her designs. [33] (#cite_note-33) Unfavorable comparisons of Markle's wedding dress in comparison to Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge) 's wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) were proclaimed online and in the press, with Catherine's wedding dress being proclaimed as the "victor". [34] (#cite_note-34) Critics also noted that Markle's dress seemed an attempt to mimic the late fashionista (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fashionista) Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (/wiki/Carolyn_Bessette-Kennedy) . [10] (#cite_note-harpersbazaar.com-10) Markle's wedding dress was compared to a formal dress Bessette-Kennedy once wore during her life, and her reception dress had similarities to Bessette-Kennedy's now-classic wedding gown (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Carolyn_Bessette) at her wedding to John F. Kennedy Jr. (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr.) in 1996, although Markle's reception dress was a 1990s-style halter (/wiki/Halter) dress. [35] (#cite_note-35) Markle's wedding dress received mixed reviews from the public, some saying it was "beautiful" and "stunning" while others described it as "boring", "baggy", and "ill-fitting." [36] (#cite_note-HBTwitter-36) Celebrity commentators, fashion editors, internet influencers, and Twitter commenters criticized the dress, calling it "boring", "ill-fitting", and "too big", criticizing the cut, the shape, [37] (#cite_note-37) and even the matte satin fabric, calling the finish "dull", criticizing a perceived lack of tailoring on the sleeves and waist, [38] (#cite_note-38) and others declaring the overall effect as "heavy". [36] (#cite_note-HBTwitter-36) Fashion experts noted that the silk cady fabric would have been difficult to move in if the dress had been more form-fitting. [39] (#cite_note-39) Critics mocked the veil style and length, and created an Internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) comparing it to a CVS receipt. [40] (#cite_note-40) Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) noted in her review of the gown that "It was not a Hollywood red carpet statement...it was not a Disney princess fantasy...the dress was a backdrop; it was in service to the woman." [21] (#cite_note-givhan_dress-21) Desiree Cooper of the Detroit Free Press (/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press) unfavorably compared the dress to a costume "straight from The Handmaid's Tale (/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale) ", but conceded, "She could have been wearing a paper bag (which she nearly was) and it wouldn't have mattered an iota. That girl was just plain stunning." [41] (#cite_note-41) Less than a week after the wedding, dresses based on Markle's were being sold. [42] (#cite_note-42) The dress, veil and tiara were exhibited by the Royal Collection Trust (/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust) at Windsor Castle from October 2018 until February 2019, and then at Holyrood Palace (/wiki/Holyrood_Palace) from June 2019 to October 2019. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d "Royal wedding 2018: Meghan Markle's Givenchy dress in detail" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44055385) . BBC. 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Meghan Markle coat of arms revealed" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44258461) . BBC News . 29 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Binding, Lucia (1 November 2017). "Meghan Markle's wedding dress predictions revealed" (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/meghan-markles-wedding-dress-will-made-bright-white-silk-avoid-copying-kate-middleton-1645425) . International Business Times UK . Retrieved 21 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gibson, Robyn (16 May 2018). "From Victoria to Diana to Meghan, royal weddings have shaped bridal fashions" (https://theconversation.com/from-victoria-to-diana-to-meghan-royal-weddings-have-shaped-bridal-fashions-96708) . The Conversation . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barr, Sabrina (21 December 2017). "Meghan Markle's wedding dress designs were revealed" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-designs-prince-harry-royal-family-a8123081.html) . The Independent (/wiki/Independent_(UK)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180110234208/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-designs-prince-harry-royal-family-a8123081.html) from the original on 10 January 2018 . Retrieved 10 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) O'Malley, Katie (20 December 2017). "Everything You Need To Know About Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/a40596/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-details/) . Elle UK (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180111054146/http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/a40596/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-details/) from the original on 11 January 2018 . Retrieved 10 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "An unlikely contender was the favourite to design Meghan Markle's wedding dress" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/a15892164/who-is-stewart-parvin-meghan-markle-wedding-dress/) . harpersbazaar.com . 26 January 2018 . Retrieved 2 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hirsch, Afua; Croft, Claudia (18 May 2018). "The Meaning Of Meghan" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/meghan-markle-fashion) . Vogue UK . Retrieved 9 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "This is What Meghan Markle's First Wedding Dress Looked Like" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a15065864/meghan-markle-first-wedding-dress-trevor-engelson/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 12 January 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ a b Gonzales, Erica (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Second Wedding Dress Channels Carolyn Bessette Kennedy's Simple Elegance" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a20760353/meghan-markle-second-wedding-dress-carolyn-bessette-kennedy/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lee, Esther (28 November 2017). "Meghan Markle Once Said This Kennedy's Wedding Dress Is "Everything Goals" (https://www.theknotnews.com/meghan-markle-once-said-this-kennedys-wedding-dress-is-everything-goals-24922) " (https://www.theknotnews.com/meghan-markle-once-said-this-kennedys-wedding-dress-is-everything-goals-24922) . The Knot News . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Friedman, Vanessa (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Was Made for a Person, Not a Princess" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/style/meghan-markle-wedding-dress.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Givenchy has designed Meghan Markle's wedding dress" (https://www.independent.co.uk/royalwedding/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-givenchy-clare-waight-keller-designer-royal-wedding-prince-harry-a8358706.html) . The Independent . 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Meghan Markle Wears Givenchy Dress for the Royal Wedding: Why She Chose the French Label" (http://people.com/royals/royal-wedding-meghan-markle-givenchy-dress-explainer/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Meghan Markle's royal wedding dress designer Clare Waight Keller 'privileged' to have been asked" (http://www.itv.com/news/2018-05-20/meghan-markles-royal-wedding-dress-designer-clare-waight-keller-privileged-to-have-been-asked/) . ITV News . Retrieved 21 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_16-0) Ledbetter, Carly (30 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Veil Makers Washed Their Hands Every 30 Minutes" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-dress_us_5b0e9b95e4b0fdb2aa587acf) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 3 June 2018 . ^ a b Ledbetter, Carly (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Details Are Absolutely Stunning" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/meghan-markle-wedding-dress_us_5afd9bf3e4b06a3fb50e99f2) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "The 'secret' making of Meghan Markle's royal wedding gown" (https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/culture/story/secret-making-meghan-markles-royal-wedding-gown-55397129) . ABC News . 24 May 2018 . Retrieved 3 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Meghan Markle Weds in Givenchy by Clare Waight Keller" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-bites/meghan-markle-weds-in-givenchy-by-clare-waight-keller) . The Business of Fashion . 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Everything You Need to Know About Meghan Markle's Givenchy Gown" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/a20754879/everything-to-know-about-meghan-markles-givenchy-royal-wedding-gown/) . ELLE . 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ a b Givhan, Robin. "Meghan Markle's Givenchy wedding gown was beautiful. But the woman wearing it was unforgettable" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/05/19/meghan-markles-givenchy-wedding-gown-was-beautiful-but-the-woman-wearing-it-was-unforgettable/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 22 May 2018 . ^ a b c "The Wedding Dress, Bridesmaids' Dresses and Page Boys' Uniforms" (https://www.royal.uk/wedding-dress-bridesmaids’-dresses-and-page-boys-uniforms) . The Royal Family . 19 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Royal wedding 2018: Meghan's dress designer, Clare Waight Keller from Givenchy" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-44188750/royal-wedding-2018-meghan-s-dress-designer-clare-waight-keller-from-givenchy) . BBC. 20 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "The Story of Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a20764293/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-givenchy-clare-waight-keller-design-details/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 22 May 2018 . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Barr, Sabrina (26 September 2018). "Meghan Markle reveals the moment she saw her wedding veil for the first time" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-dress-veil-duchess-of-sussex-clare-waight-keller-commonwealth-itv-a8555361.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 17 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Ledbetter, Carly (30 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Veil Makers Washed Their Hands Every 30 Minutes" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-dress_n_5b0e9b95e4b0fdb2aa587acf) . HuffPost Life . Retrieved 17 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Locker, Melissa (24 September 2018). "You Definitely Missed the Romantic 'Something Blue' Meghan Markle Wore at the Royal Wedding" (https://time.com/5404448/meghan-markle-something-blue/) . Time . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Princess Diana's Wedding Dress Designer Praises Meghan Markle's Elegant and Classic Gown" (http://people.com/royals/royal-wedding-princess-diana-wedding-dress-designer-meghan-markle/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved 19 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Prince Harry thought Meghan Markle looked 'magnificent' in her wedding dress — and it proves no one else's opinions matter" (http://www.thisisinsider.com/prince-harry-comments-meghan-markle-royal-wedding-dress-designer-2018-5) . INSIDER . Retrieved 3 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Matthews, Lyndsey (23 May 2018). "Was Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress a Nod to Princess Angela of Liechtenstein?" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a20887634/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-princess-angela-liechtenstein-comparison/) . Town & Country . Retrieved 1 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Royal wedding: Meghan Markle accused of copying dress design" (http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/royal-weddings/allison-langdon-accuses-meghan-markle-of-copying-princess-marys-wedding-look/news-story/d1f76ebc6e546414d729e23c71df7a28) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Meghan Markle's Givenchy Wedding Dress Is Very Audrey Hepburn" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a20757180/meghan-markle-givenchy-dress-audrey-hepburn-royal-wedding/) . ELLE (/wiki/ELLE) . 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Young, Sarah (26 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's wedding dress 'identical' to one of my designs, Emilia Wickstead claims" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/emilia-wickstead-meghan-markle-wedding-dress-copy-identical-givenchy-clare-waight-keller-a8370396.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Watson, Sheridan (22 May 2018). "Katy Perry Said "Kate Won" In The Non-Existent Competition Of Royal Wedding Dresses" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheridanwatson/katy-perry-called-out-meghans-wedding-dress) . BuzzFeed . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Hallemann, Caroline (19 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Pays Tribute to Her Style Icon Carolyn Bessette Kennedy" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a20757630/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-dress-caroline-bessette-kennedy-tribute/) . Town & Country (/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)) . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ a b Goldberg, Carrie (19 May 2018). "Twitter Is Calling Meghan Markle's Wedding Gown "Ill-Fitting" and "Boring" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a20757993/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-gown-twitter-reactions/) " (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a20757993/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-gown-twitter-reactions/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 2 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Frey, Kaitlyn (21 May 2018). "Katy Perry Says Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Needed 'One More Fitting' (https://people.com/royals/royal-wedding-katy-perry-meghan-markle-dress-didnt-fit/) " (https://people.com/royals/royal-wedding-katy-perry-meghan-markle-dress-didnt-fit/) . People . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Udice, Kristina (22 May 2018). "Some people think Meghan Markle's wedding dress was too big for her — but it was probably deliberate" (https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/royals/some-people-think-meghan-markles-wedding-dress-was-too-big-for-her-—-but-it-was-probably-deliberate/ar-AAxDZ4v) . MSN . Retrieved 18 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Why Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Wasn't As "Ill-Fitting" As You Thought" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-fit-16564) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Hoffman, Ashley (22 May 2018). "We Are Gathered Here Today to Enjoy Some Memes About Meghan Markle's Veil" (https://time.com/5286922/meghan-markle-veil-meme/) . Time . Retrieved 24 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Praise be, we can still disagree: Lessons learned from Meghan Markle's royal wedding dress" (https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2018/05/21/meghan-markle-wedding-dress/628505002/) . Detroit Free Press . Retrieved 20 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Exclusive: Here come the Meghan Markle royal wedding gown knockoffs" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2018/05/25/meghan-markles-royal-wedding-gown-knockoffs-ready-take-off/638720002/) . USA TODAY . Retrieved 3 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Duchess of Sussex's wedding dress to go on display" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-45330970) . BBC. 29 August 2018 . Retrieved 14 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Ledbetter, Carly (29 August 2018). "Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress Is Going On Display This Year" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/meghan-markle-wedding-dress-display_us_5b869c61e4b0162f471e4536) . HuffPost . Retrieved 29 August 2018 . v t e Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) ( 1981-08-04 ) 4 August 1981 (age 42) Titles Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Duke_of_Sussex#Second_creation,_2018) Countess of Dumbarton (/wiki/Earl_of_Dumbarton) Baroness Kilkeel (/wiki/Baron_Kilkeel) Family (/wiki/Family_of_Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) (husband) Prince Archie of Sussex (/wiki/Prince_Archie_of_Sussex) (son) Princess Lilibet of Sussex (/wiki/Princess_Lilibet_of_Sussex) (daughter) Trevor Engelson (/wiki/Trevor_Engelson) (former husband) Thomas Markle (/wiki/Thomas_Markle) (father) Doria Ragland (/wiki/Doria_Ragland) (mother) Life events and charities Filmography (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex#Filmography) Second wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) wedding dress guests (/wiki/List_of_wedding_guests_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) Overseas visits (/wiki/List_of_official_overseas_trips_made_by_Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex,_and_Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) Megxit (/wiki/Megxit) Sussex Royal (/wiki/Sussex_Royal) Markle Windsor Foundation (/wiki/Markle_Windsor_Foundation) Archewell (/wiki/Archewell) Popular culture Film and television The Windsors (TV series, 2017–2020; (/wiki/The_Windsors) play, 2021) (/wiki/The_Windsors:_Endgame) Harry & Meghan: A Royal Romance (2018) (/wiki/Harry_%26_Meghan:_A_Royal_Romance) Harry & Meghan: Becoming Royal (2019) (/wiki/Harry_%26_Meghan:_Becoming_Royal) Spitting Image (2020–21) (/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)) Oprah with Meghan and Harry (2021) (/wiki/Oprah_with_Meghan_and_Harry) Harry & Meghan: Escaping the Palace (2021) (/wiki/Harry_%26_Meghan:_Escaping_the_Palace) The Prince (2021) (/wiki/The_Prince_(TV_series)) Harry & Meghan (2022) (/wiki/Harry_%26_Meghan) Live to Lead (2022) (/wiki/Live_to_Lead) South Park: The Worldwide Privacy Tour (2023) (/wiki/The_Worldwide_Privacy_Tour) Podcasts Archetypes (/wiki/Archetypes_(podcast)) Books Finding Freedom (/wiki/Finding_Freedom) The Bench (/wiki/The_Bench_(book)) Brands American Riviera Orchard (/wiki/American_Riviera_Orchard) Songs " In corpore sano (/wiki/In_corpore_sano) " Other " (Almost) Straight Outta Compton (/wiki/(Almost)_Straight_Outta_Compton) " v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) (2020) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7db4bf6597‐c9qhz Cached 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For the Dutch association football club, see AFC Ajax (/wiki/AFC_Ajax) . A.F.C.A Company type Independent (/wiki/Independent_business) Industry Fashion Headquarters Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Key people Sven 'High" Westendorp (/wiki/Sven_Westendorp) , founder and CEO (/wiki/CEO) Products Clothing, footwear, accessories Owner AFCA Supportersclub (/wiki/AFCA_Supportersclub) Website Official website (http://www.afca.nl/) A.F.C.A (also styled as " *A.F.C.A (Can't Be Stopped) ") is a brand of urban (/wiki/Urban_culture) lifestyle (/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)) clothing founded by the late Sven Westendorp (/wiki/Sven_Westendorp) , a Dutch fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , graffiti artist (/wiki/Graffiti_artist) and famed supporter of association football club AFC Ajax (/wiki/AFC_Ajax) . [1] (#cite_note-1) His brand has been popular since the mid 2000s and moved into the mainstream urban culture in the late 2000s. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) It is most often associated with association football (/wiki/Association_football) . The style is based on graffiti (/wiki/Graffiti) art, hip-hop (/wiki/Hip-hop) , association football (/wiki/Association_football) culture, hooliganism (/wiki/Hooliganism) and Ajax Amsterdam. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] The creation of A.F.C.A came into being from selling t-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) and doing graffiti. Sven "High" Westendorp began doing graffiti with C.B.S. in the tunnels and on the trains in Amsterdam in the early 1980s and founded his clothing brand A.F.C.A years later. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) A prominent F-sider (/wiki/F-side) , he eventually expanded from Clothing to footwear, and accessories. [8] (#cite_note-8) He funded his clothing line with the success of his company Ticketbureau Ticket Unlimited, an important company for concert tickets and football matches in the Netherlands. [9] (#cite_note-9) On 24 December 2009 the A.F.C.A outlet store in Hoogoorddreef ( Zuidoost (/wiki/Amsterdam-Zuidoost) ) was set on fire. [10] (#cite_note-10) After his passing on 12 August 2011, the AFCA Supportersclub (/wiki/AFCA_Supportersclub) continue to manufacture his line with the proceeds going to his widow and daughter. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] AFCA Supportersclub (/wiki/AFCA_Supportersclub) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Overzicht van: Sven Westendorp" (http://www.revu.nl/tag/sven-westendorp/) . Nieuwe Revu . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "AFCA kleding" (https://archive.today/20140328003554/http://f-side.nl/afca-kleding/) . F-side. Archived from the original (http://f-side.nl/afca-kleding/) on 2014-03-28 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Herdenking Sven Westendorp in ArenA" (http://www.rtvnh.nl/nieuws/62337/Herdenking+Sven+Westendorp+in+ArenA+) . RTV N-H (/wiki/RTV_N-H) . 2011-08-23. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Behandeling Sven Westendorp gestaakt" (https://vacuactivus.com/) . AT5 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cruijff: 'Geen akkoord tussen fans Ajax en Feyenoord is onbegrijpelijk' (http://www.voetbalzone.nl/doc.asp?uid=205053) " (http://www.voetbalzone.nl/doc.asp?uid=205053) . Voetbalzone.nl. 13 January 2014 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Het vergeten verleden van Sven Westendorp en Para Smit" (http://www.misdaadjournalist.nl/2011/09/het-vergeten-verleden-van-sven-westendorp-en-para-smit/) . Misdaad Journalist. 10 September 2011 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Een lijk in Oirschot; Het 'vergeten verleden' van Sven Westendorp; Speurneus Sietsma over Heinekenfilm" (http://www.misdaadjournalist.nl/2011/10/maandag-3-oktober-een-lijk-in-oirschot-het-vergeten-verleden-van-sven-westendorp-speurneus-sietsma-over-heinekenfilm/) . Misdaad Journalist. 3 October 2011 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Nieuw! iPhone cover A.F.C.A" (http://www.afcashop.nl/iPhone-cover-AFCA) . Afcashop.nl . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Afscheid Sven Westendorp vindt zaterdag plaats" (https://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2698/Sport/article/detail/2860882/2011/08/23/Afscheid-Sven-Westendorp-vindt-zaterdag-plaats.dhtml) . Volkskrant . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Eerdere aanslag op opslagloods AFCA" (https://www.at5.nl/artikelen/66745/eerdere-aanslag-op-opslagloods-afca) . AT5 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Honderden steunbetuigingen voor familie Sven Westendorp" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131121041332/http://www.metronieuws.nl/amsterdam/honderden-steunbetuigingen-voor-familie-sven-westendorp/SrZkhr!xcL9axlZAk/) . Metro Nieuws. Archived from the original (http://www.metronieuws.nl/amsterdam/honderden-steunbetuigingen-voor-familie-sven-westendorp/SrZkhr!xcL9axlZAk/) on 2013-11-21 . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Oproep: In AFCA-kleding naar Ajax-Heerenveen" (http://ajaxfanzone.nl/shownews.asp?id=18331) . Ajax Fanzone . Retrieved 2014-03-28 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.afcashop.nl/) v t e Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (/wiki/AFC_Ajax) Players M (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_players) F (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_(women)_players) Managers (/wiki/Category:AFC_Ajax_managers) Honours (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_honours) Seasons M (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_seasons) F (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_Vrouwen_seasons) Cup (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_in_the_KNVB_Cup) Europe (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_in_European_football) Records and statistics (/wiki/List_of_AFC_Ajax_records_and_statistics) Current season (/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_AFC_Ajax_season) History History of AFC Ajax (/wiki/History_of_AFC_Ajax) AFC Ajax kit history (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_kit_history) Teams I. Ajax 1 (/wiki/AFC_Ajax) (First team) II. Jong Ajax (/wiki/Jong_Ajax) (Reserves) III. Ajax Zaterdag (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_(amateurs)) (Amateurs) Ajax vrouwen (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_(women)) (Women's) Ajax eSports (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_eSports) (Pro Gaming) Grounds Het Veldje (1893–1900) Amsterdam-Noord (/wiki/Amsterdam-Noord) (1900–1907) Het Houten Stadion (/wiki/Het_Houten_Stadion) (1907–1934) De Meer Stadion (/wiki/De_Meer_Stadion) (1934–1996) Olympic Stadium (/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Amsterdam)) (1934–1996) Johan Cruyff Arena (/wiki/Johan_Cruyff_Arena) (1996–present) Training grounds Sportpark De Toekomst (/wiki/Sportpark_De_Toekomst) (1996–present) adidas miCoach Performance Centre (/wiki/Ajax_Youth_Academy#adidas_miCoach_Performance_Centre) (2011–present) Academy Ajax Youth Academy (/wiki/Ajax_Youth_Academy) Tournaments Amsterdam Tournament (/wiki/Amsterdam_Tournament) (1975–2009) U19: Copa Amsterdam (/wiki/Copa_Amsterdam) (2005–present) U17: Future Cup (/wiki/Future_Cup) (2010–present) Rivalries De Klassieker (/wiki/De_Klassieker) (with Feyenoord (/wiki/Feyenoord) ) De Topper (/wiki/AFC_Ajax%E2%80%93PSV_Eindhoven_rivalry) (with PSV (/wiki/PSV_Eindhoven) ) Noord-Hollandse Derby (with AZ (/wiki/AZ_Alkmaar) ‧ Telstar (/wiki/SC_Telstar) ‧ FC Volendam (/wiki/FC_Volendam) ) Hofstad vs. Hoofdstad (with ADO Den Haag (/wiki/ADO_Den_Haag) ) Stadsderby (/wiki/Amsterdam_derby) (with Blauw-Wit (/wiki/Blauw-Wit_Amsterdam) ‧ DWS (/wiki/AFC_DWS) ‧ De Volewijckers (/wiki/AVV_De_Volewijckers) ) Other (with FC Groningen (/wiki/FC_Groningen) ‧ FC Twente (/wiki/FC_Twente) ‧ FC Utrecht (/wiki/FC_Utrecht) ) Supporters AFCA Supportersclub (/wiki/AFCA_Supportersclub) Ajax Business Associates (/wiki/Ajax_Business_Associates) Supportersvereniging Ajax (/wiki/Supportersvereniging_Ajax) Culture A.F.C.A (clothing) A.F.C.A (hooligans) (/wiki/A.F.C.A_(hooligans)) AFC Ajax N.V. (/wiki/AFC_Ajax_N.V.) 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Indian Actor, Model and Beauty Pageant Winner Shreya Shanker Born ( 1999-03-25 ) 25 March 1999 (age 25) Patna (/wiki/Patna) , Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , India (/wiki/India) Education B.Com(Hons) Alma mater Loreto Convent, New Delhi Delhi Public School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) Occupation(s) Model, Beauty pageant titleholder Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) Femina Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) Femina Miss India United Continents 2019 Hair color Brown (/wiki/Brown) Eye color Brown (/wiki/Brown) Major competition(s) Femina Miss India Bihar 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) (Winner) Femina Miss India United Continents 2019 (Winner) Miss United Continents 2019 (Unplaced) Shreya Shanker is an Indian actor, model and beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder who was crowned Femina Miss India United Continents 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) at the grand finale of Femina Miss India 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) by the outgoing titleholder Gayatri Bharadwaj (/wiki/Gayatri_Bhardwaj) . She recently made her acting debut as Ariana in the web series Dil Dosti Dilemma on Amazon Prime which was released on 25 April 24. Her father is a serving Brigadier (/wiki/Brigadier) in the Indian Army (/wiki/Indian_Army) and her mother is a freelance counsellor. She is the granddaughter of Dr R. S. P. Verma, an eminent dermatologist (/wiki/Dermatology) of Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , and her maternal grandfather, Professor Rana Pratap Sinha, is an eminent psychologist of Bihar. She has a younger sister, Alina, who is a studying at Delhi University (/wiki/Delhi_University) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She represented India (/wiki/India) at Miss United Continents (/wiki/Miss_United_Continents) 2019 pageant, held on 28 September 2019. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Pageant history [ edit ] Femina Miss India 2019 [ edit ] Shreya was crowned as Femina Miss India United Continents 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) by the outgoing titleholder Gayatri Bharadwaj on 15 June 2019 at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium (/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Indoor_Stadium) , Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . Previously, she was crowned as Femina Miss India Bihar 2019 (/wiki/Miss_India_South) on 23 April 2019. [4] (#cite_note-4) Miss United Continents 2019 [ edit ] Shreya represented India (/wiki/India) at Miss United Continents 2019 pageant held on 28 September 2019 in Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) . Media [ edit ] Shreya Shanker was ranked in The Times Most Desirable Women (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) at No. 25 in 2019. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Femina Miss India 2019: Suman Rao crowned Miss India 2019, Shivani Jadhav Miss Grand India and Shreya Shanker Miss India United Continents" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/femina-miss-india-2019-su-5782778an-rao-crowned-miss-india-2019-shivani-jadhav-miss-grand-india-and-shreya-shanker-miss-india-united-continents/) . indianexpress.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190616131949/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/femina-miss-india-2019-su-5782778an-rao-crowned-miss-india-2019-shivani-jadhav-miss-grand-india-and-shreya-shanker-miss-india-united-continents/) from the original on 16 June 2019 . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss India 2019 winner is Suman Rao from Rajasthan" (https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/miss-india-2019-winner-is-suman-rao-from-rajasthan-1549591-2019-06-16) . indiatoday.in . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190616021344/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/miss-india-2019-winner-is-suman-rao-from-rajasthan-1549591-2019-06-16) from the original on 16 June 2019 . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Suman Rao is Femina Miss India 2019 Winner!" (https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/fashion/suman-rao-is-femina-miss-india-2019-winner-education-parents-height-bio-profile-of-the-indian-beauty-queen-931041.html) . latestly.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190616072147/https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/fashion/suman-rao-is-femina-miss-india-2019-winner-education-parents-height-bio-profile-of-the-indian-beauty-queen-931041.html) from the original on 16 June 2019 . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Rajasthan's Suman Rao wins the crown" (https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/femina-miss-india-2019-grand-finale-live-tweets-photo-video-how-and-where-to-watch-femina-miss-india-beauty-pageant-contest-live-photo-video-twitter-instagram-colors) . newsx.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 - Times of India ►" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 7 August 2021 . External links [ edit ] Awards and achievements Preceded by Gayatri Bharadwaj (/wiki/Gayatri_Bhardwaj) Femina Miss India United Continents (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) 2019 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India_2019) Incumbent v t e Indian Beauty Pageant Representatives 2013 Navneet Kaur Dhillon (/wiki/Navneet_Kaur_Dhillon) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2013) ) Manasi Moghe (/wiki/Manasi_Moghe) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2013) ) Gurleen Grewal (/wiki/Gurleen_Grewal) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2013) ) Sobhita Dhulipala (/wiki/Sobhita_Dhulipala) ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2013) ) Vijaya Sharma (Supranational) Rupa Khurana (Grand International) Purva Rana (/wiki/Purva_Rana) (United Continents; Runner-up ) 2014 Koyal Rana (/wiki/Koyal_Rana) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2014) ) Noyonita Lodh (/wiki/Noyonita_Lodh) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2014) ) Jhataleka Malhotra (/wiki/Jhataleka_Malhotra) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2014) ) Alankrita Sahai ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2014) ) Asha Bhat (/wiki/Asha_Bhat) (Supranational; Winner ) Monica Sharma (Grand International) Gail Nicole Da Silva (/wiki/Gail_Nicole_Da_Silva) (United Continents; Runner-up ) 2015 Aditi Arya (/wiki/Aditi_Arya) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) ) Urvashi Rautela (/wiki/Urvashi_Rautela) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) ) Supriya Aiman ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2015) ) Aaital Khosla ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2015) ) Aafreen Rachael Vaz (Supranational) Vartika Singh (/wiki/Vartika_Singh) (Grand International; Runner-up ) Sushrii Shreya Mishraa (/wiki/Sushrii_Shreya_Mishraa) (United Continents; Runner-up ) 2016 Priyadarshini Chatterjee (/wiki/Priyadarshini_Chatterjee) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) ) Roshmitha Harimurthy (/wiki/Roshmitha_Harimurthy) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2017) ) Rewati Chetri (/wiki/Rewati_Chetri) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) ) Rashi Yadav ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2016) ) Srinidhi Shetty (/wiki/Srinidhi_Shetty) ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) ; Winner ) Pankhuri Gidwani (Grand International) Lopamudra Raut (/wiki/Lopamudra_Raut) (United Continents; Runner-up ) Aarushi Sharma (Intercontinental) 2017 Manushi Chhillar (/wiki/Manushi_Chhillar) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) ; Winner ) Shraddha Shashidhar (/wiki/Shraddha_Shashidhar) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2017) ) Ankita Kumari ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) ) Shaan Sumas Kumar ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2017) ) Peden Ongmu Namgyal ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2017) ) Anukriti Gusain (/wiki/Anukriti_Gusain) (Grand International) Sana Dua (/wiki/Sana_Dua) (United Continents) Priyanka Kumari (Intercontinental) 2018 Anukreethy Vas (/wiki/Anukreethy_Vas) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2018) ) Nehal Chudasama (/wiki/Nehal_Chudasama) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2018) ) Tanishqa Bhosale (/wiki/Tanishqa_Bhosale) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2018) ) Nishi Bhardwaj ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2018) ) Aditi Hundia ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) ) Meenakshi Chaudhary (/wiki/Meenakshi_Chaudhary) (Grand International; Runner-up ) Gayatri Bharadwaj (/wiki/Gayatri_Bhardwaj) (United Continents) Suman Chellani (Intercontinental) 2019 Suman Rao (/wiki/Suman_Rao) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2019) ; Runner-up ) Vartika Singh (/wiki/Vartika_Singh) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2019) ) Simrithi Bathija (/wiki/Simrithi_Bathija) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) ) Tejaswini Manogna (/wiki/Tejaswini_Manogna) ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2019) ) Shefali Sood ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) ) Shivani Jadhav (/wiki/Shivani_Jadhav) (Grand International) Shreya Shanker (United Continents) 2020 Adline Castelino (/wiki/Adline_Castelino) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2020) ; Runner-up ) Tanvi Nitin Kharote ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) ) Simran Sharma (Grand International) 2021 Manasa Varanasi (/wiki/Manasa_Varanasi) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2021) ) Harnaaz Sandhu (/wiki/Harnaaz_Sandhu) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2021) ; Winner ) Rashmi Madhuri ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2021) ) Aavriti Choudhary (/wiki/Aavriti_Choudhary) ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2021) ) Manika Sheokand (Grand International) 2022 Sini Sadanand Shetty (/wiki/Sini_Shetty) ( World (/wiki/Miss_World_2022) ) Divita Rai (/wiki/Divita_Rai) ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) ) Zoya Afroz (/wiki/Zoya_Afroz) ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) ) Vanshika Parmar ( Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2022) ) Ritika Khatnani ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) ) Praachi Nagpal ( Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2022) ) 2023 ( Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) ) (World) Kashish Methwani ( International (/wiki/Miss_International_2023) ) Pragnya Ayyagari ( Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) ) (Grand International) Winners are in red colored text and Runners-up are in blue colored text NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fzjgd Cached time: 20240712174218 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.469 seconds Real time usage: 0.612 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2711/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47434/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4082/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31575/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.339/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6962458/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 572.113 1 -total 42.32% 242.144 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 21.62% 123.705 1 Template:Reflist 18.32% 104.839 5 Template:Cite_web 14.99% 85.766 1 Template:Indian_Beauty_Pageant_Representatives 14.63% 83.693 1 Template:Navbox 12.69% 72.622 1 Template:Short_description 8.77% 50.155 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.80% 44.631 1 Template:Infobox 7.27% 41.618 22 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61053787-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712174218 and revision id 1230619981. 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1985 benefit concert that features fashion Fashion Aid Genre Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Dates 5 November 1985 ; 38 years ago ( 1985-11-05 ) Location(s) Royal Albert Hall (/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall) in London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Years active 1985 Founders Bob Geldof (/wiki/Bob_Geldof) Website www (http://www.live8live.com/) .live8live (http://www.live8live.com/) .com (http://www.live8live.com/) Fashion Aid was a single venue benefit concert (/wiki/Benefit_concert) held on 5 November 1985. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof (/wiki/Bob_Geldof) as part of Live Aid (/wiki/Live_Aid) to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine (/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia) . Billed as the "largest gathering of fashion creatives in the UK", the event was held at the Royal Albert Hall (/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall) in London (/wiki/London) , England, United Kingdom (attended by 5,500 people) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The music during the Jane Seymour and Freddie Mercury "wedding" ceremony is the famous Widor's Toccata (Symphony no. 5). Background [ edit ] Fashion Aid was the idea of student Fameed Khalique who created it as a part of his degree course whilst at North East London Polytechnic. He took the idea to Geldof and it became an alternate funding initiative following on from the success of [Live Aid] earlier in the same year. Fameed Khalique and Bob Geldof (/wiki/Bob_Geldof) decided it would be an idea to bring together top artistic talent from the fashion world and the world of music to raise funds for Ethiopia. The event featured 35 hairdressers, 60 makeup artists, 120 dressers, 125 models and assorted celebrities from the entertainment world. Notable Appearances [ edit ] Notable appearances for the event included Paula Yates (/wiki/Paula_Yates) (wife of event organiser Bob Geldof (/wiki/Bob_Geldof) ), UK (/wiki/UK) Prime Minister (/wiki/Prime_Minister) Margaret Thatcher (/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher) , actresses Jane Seymour (/wiki/Jane_Seymour_(actress)) and Anjelica Huston (/wiki/Anjelica_Huston) , models Jerry Hall (/wiki/Jerry_Hall) and Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , singers Kate Bush (/wiki/Kate_Bush) , Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) , Freddie Mercury (/wiki/Freddie_Mercury) , George Michael (/wiki/George_Michael) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Ringo Starr (/wiki/Ringo_Starr) , music groups Spandau Ballet (/wiki/Spandau_Ballet) and Madness (/wiki/Madness_(band)) and British designers Jasper Conran (/wiki/Jasper_Conran) , Wendy Dagworthy (/wiki/Wendy_Dagworthy) , Jean Muir (/wiki/Jean_Muir) , Zandra Rhodes (/wiki/Zandra_Rhodes) and Katharine Hamnett (/wiki/Katharine_Hamnett) . The event also featured fashion designs from Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Live Aid on Bob Geldof's official site (http://www.bobgeldof.info/Charity/liveaid.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110205101201/http://www.bobgeldof.info/Charity/liveaid.html) 2011-02-05 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) External links [ edit ] [1] (http://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/our-history/explore-our-history/time-machine/1980s/) [2] (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/06/garden/a-london-fashion-show-fights-famine.html) [3] (http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/16th-november-1985/20/fashion-for-aid) [4] (http://www.kevin-godley.com/fashion-aid/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐28728 Cached time: 20240628050849 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.122 seconds Real time usage: 0.191 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 962/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6694/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1640/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2218/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.058/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2157205/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 173.217 1 -total 44.91% 77.795 1 Template:Infobox_music_festival 41.71% 72.250 1 Template:Infobox 39.73% 68.818 1 Template:Short_description 22.23% 38.499 2 Template:Pagetype 11.45% 19.830 1 Template:Start_date_and_age 10.82% 18.751 5 Template:Main_other 9.54% 16.532 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 9.12% 15.790 1 Template:SDcat 6.52% 11.287 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54353632-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628050849 and revision id 1112405841. 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American cosmetics company A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Rare_Beauty) . ( July 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rare_Beauty&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( July 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Rare Beauty LLC Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Rare Beauty Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Cosmetics Founded September 3, 2020 ; 3 years ago ( 2020-09-03 ) Founder Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) Headquarters 222 N Pacific Coast Hwy, El Segundo (/wiki/El_Segundo,_California) , California (/wiki/California) , United States Area served Worldwide Key people Selena Gomez (Founder, CEO, Owner) Scott Friedman (CO-CEO) Josh Gurrie (Creative Director) Nikki Eslami (/w/index.php?title=Nikki_Eslami&action=edit&redlink=1) (Investor) Products Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Revenue US$ 300 million (2023) [1] (#cite_note-BOF_2024-1) [2] (#cite_note-$2_billion_Bloomberg-2) Owner Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) Website rarebeauty (http://rarebeauty.com) .com (http://rarebeauty.com) Rare Beauty is an American makeup and cosmetics company founded and owned by Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) . The brand was Inspired by her third studio album, Rare (/wiki/Rare_(Selena_Gomez_album)) (2020). Rare Beauty launched on September 3, 2020, exclusively through their official website and in Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) stores in North America (/wiki/North_America) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Since then, it has been made available to countries in Europe (/wiki/Europe) , Asia (/wiki/Asia) , and the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) . The company aims to "break down unrealistic standards of perfection" by promoting inclusivity and addressing mental health (/wiki/Mental_health) initiatives and education. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) One percent of all sales are donated to the Rare Beauty Impact Fund, a part of their "commitment to give people access to the resources they need to support their mental health." [6] (#cite_note-6) The current valuation of Rare Beauty is over US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 2 billion, as of 2024. [1] (#cite_note-BOF_2024-1) [2] (#cite_note-$2_billion_Bloomberg-2) In 2023, the estimated revenue for the line reached US$300 million, up approximately 50 percent from 2022. [1] (#cite_note-BOF_2024-1) [7] (#cite_note-7) Rare Beauty crossed US$400 million in net sales in the 12 months ending in February 2024. [8] (#cite_note-$400_million_BOF-8) The brand is one of the best-selling brands at Sephora. [9] (#cite_note-9) Additionally, Rare Beauty is the fastest-growing celebrity beauty brand on social media. [10] (#cite_note-Billboard_$70_Million-10) History [ edit ] Rare Beauty was founded on February 22, 2019, by American singer and actress Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) . [11] (#cite_note-11) On February 4, 2020, she formally announced her company on social media. [12] (#cite_note-12) In its accompanying video, Gomez revealed that she had been working on the cosmetics line for the last two years and that she had "found the right partners and the right team — we now have 28 amazing people that are working for the brand." On the new venture, Gomez explained that Rare Beauty would encompass an entire lifestyle and that it "isn’t about how other people see you — it’s about how you see yourself. I want us all to stop comparing ourselves to each other and to start embracing our uniqueness. You are not defined by a photo, a like, or a comment.” [13] (#cite_note-13) In an interview with Allure , Gomez stated that "beauty doesn’t have to be defined by a like or a comment, or your body. We were always under the notion that this would also be about mental health and creating a safe place for people to connect." [14] (#cite_note-14) She also emphasized that her "main purpose when I started Rare Beauty was to break down the unrealistic standards of beauty we see in society today," motivated by the "pressure on us to be “perfect.” [15] (#cite_note-15) In August 2020, Gomez revealed on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that Rare Beauty would be launching on September 3 on its official website and in Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) stores across North America. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Its original included 48 shades of foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) , matte lip creams, eyebrow definers, liquid blush (/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)) , and lip balms (/wiki/Lip_balm) . [18] (#cite_note-18) The cruelty-free (/wiki/Testing_cosmetics_on_animals) and vegan (/wiki/Veganism) products were packaged with recyclable materials certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council) (FSC), and was printed with water-based ink. [19] (#cite_note-19) As the company grew, Rare Beauty expanded its markets to the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) , Europe (/wiki/Europe) , and Southeast Asia (/wiki/Southeast_Asia) . [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) In February 2022, the company launched in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) exclusively through Space.NK (/wiki/Space.NK) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) Going viral on TikTok, the Rare Beauty blush has made a significant impact on the brands imaging, some even say the product is "too pigmented." [24] (#cite_note-24) Rare Impact Fund [ edit ] As part of her commitment to mental health awareness and education, Gomez created the Rare Impact Fund to help "young people gain access to mental health resources" and is committed to raising US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 100 million over the next ten years. [25] (#cite_note-25) To achieve that goal, a percentage of all Rare Beauty sales, along with "philanthropic foundations, corporate partners, and individuals in our community" will be donated towards the fund. [26] (#cite_note-26) In its first year, the non-profit affiliate provided $1.2 million in grants to eight mental health and education-focused organizations, including the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence (/wiki/Yale_Center_for_Emotional_Intelligence) and Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services. [27] (#cite_note-27) For Mental Health Awareness Month (/wiki/Mental_Health_Awareness_Month) , Rare Beauty launched its first GoFundMe (/wiki/GoFundMe) campaign and pledged to match $200,000 of donations. The company also launched an education and advocacy initiative called Mental Health 101, which is "dedicated to supporting mental health education and encouraging financial support for more mental health services in educational services." [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) In honor of World Mental Health Day (/wiki/World_Mental_Health_Day) , Gomez announced that Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) donated 100 Percent* of the sales of Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez products to the Rare Impact Foundation for Mental Health services within 24 hours. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) 1st Rare Impact Foundation Benefit [ edit ] 1st Rare Impact Foundation Benefit: A Night of Radiance & Reflection in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) Genre Fundraising gala Date(s) October 4, 2023 Location(s) Nya Studios Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California, U.S. Country United States Years active 2023 [32] (#cite_note-THR_1st_Rare_Impact_Fund_Benefit-32) Founder Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) Most recent October 4, 2023 ( 2023-10-04 ) Organized by Rare Impact Foundation Website rareimpactfund (http://rareimpactfund.org) .org (http://rareimpactfund.org) On October 4, 2023, Gomez held her first the inaugural Rare Impact Foundation Benefit: A Night of Radiance & Reflection in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [32] (#cite_note-THR_1st_Rare_Impact_Fund_Benefit-32) The charity event supported the Rare Impact Foundation's mission to raise money to reduce mental health-related stigma and expand access to mental health services and education for young people around the world. [33] (#cite_note-33) [32] (#cite_note-THR_1st_Rare_Impact_Fund_Benefit-32) Many celebrity attended this charity event, and Martin Short (/wiki/Martin_Short) served as emcee for the evening, and H.E.R. (/wiki/H.E.R.) also had a special performance and a Marshmello (/wiki/Marshmello) DJ set. [32] (#cite_note-THR_1st_Rare_Impact_Fund_Benefit-32) Inclusivity [ edit ] Rare Beauty aims to be inclusive [34] (#cite_note-34) by offering a diverse range of 48 foundation and concealer shades. [35] (#cite_note-35) The packaging is also made to be easy to use by people with disabilities with a sphere shape at the top of the applicators which prove to be disability-friendly. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Products [ edit ] In December 2023, Rare Beauty launched The Find Comfort Body Collection includes four products: The Find Comfort Hydrating Body Lotion, Hydrating Hand Cream, Body & Hair Fragrance Mist and Stop & Soothe Aromatherapy Pen. [38] (#cite_note-38) Sales [ edit ] The current price of Rare Beauty is over US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 2 billion, as of 2024. [1] (#cite_note-BOF_2024-1) [2] (#cite_note-$2_billion_Bloomberg-2) In 2023, the estimated revenue for the line reached US$300 million, up approximately 50 percent from 2022. [1] (#cite_note-BOF_2024-1) [39] (#cite_note-39) Rare Beauty crossed US$400 million in net sales in the 12 months ending in February 2024. [8] (#cite_note-$400_million_BOF-8) According to a Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) report, the brand's star product is the best-selling liquid blush, the product retails for US$23, which in 2022 sold over 3.1 million units. [40] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_$70_Million-40) [10] (#cite_note-Billboard_$70_Million-10) Rare Beauty has already sold US$70 million worth of liquid blush in 2022 alone, and expects to triple the company's overall sales from last year. [40] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_$70_Million-40) [10] (#cite_note-Billboard_$70_Million-10) Additionally, Rare Beauty is the fastest-growing celebrity beauty brand on social media. [10] (#cite_note-Billboard_$70_Million-10) The company gained 400,000 TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) followers and more than 600,000 Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) followers in February 2023. [10] (#cite_note-Billboard_$70_Million-10) The brand has more than 6.4 million followers on Instagram, [41] (#cite_note-41) and more than 3.4 million on TikTok. [42] (#cite_note-42) In 2023, Rare Beauty launched its Soft Pinch Tinted Lip Oils, they sold out within 12 hours on RareBeauty.com, generating a wait-list of more than 20,000 customers. [43] (#cite_note-43) As of 2023, Rare Beauty emerged as the top index brand on TikTok and Instagram, with a combined media impact value (/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media) of US$313,198,657 on the two platforms alone. [44] (#cite_note-44) In 2023, Rare Beauty made a reported $350 million in sales according to Business of Fashion. https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/26/selena-gomez-success-of-rare-beautys-mission-makes-me-happy.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/26/selena-gomez-success-of-rare-beautys-mission-makes-me-happy.html) Awards and nominations [ edit ] A (#A) B (#B) C (#C) E (#E) G (#G) H (#H) I (#I) M (#M) N (#N) P (#P) R (#R) S (#S) T (#T) V (#V) W (#W) Award Year [a] (#cite_note-45) Recipient(s) and nominee(s) Category Result Ref. Allure Best of Beauty Awards (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)#Best_of_Beauty_Awards) 2021 Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez Best New Brand [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Won [45] (#cite_note-47) Best Cream Blush Won [46] (#cite_note-48) 2022 Best Blush [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Won [47] (#cite_note-49) Best Mascara [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Won Best Blush (Liquid) Won [48] (#cite_note-50) 2023 Best Blush [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Won [49] (#cite_note-51) Best Highlighter [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Won Best Mascara [b] (#cite_note-AllureReaders-46) Nominated [50] (#cite_note-52) Best Powder Highlighter Won [51] (#cite_note-53) Anthem Awards (/wiki/Webby_Awards#Anthem_Awards) 2024 Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Pending [52] (#cite_note-54) Beautycon's The Beauties Awards [c] (#cite_note-56) 2023 Brand of the Year Won [54] (#cite_note-57) CEW Beauty Awards 2021 Face Product [d] (#cite_note-58) Nominated [55] (#cite_note-59) 2023 Best New Face Makeup – Prestige [e] (#cite_note-60) Won [56] (#cite_note-61) Cosmopolitan Beauty Awards (UK) (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) 2022 Best Bronzer [f] (#cite_note-62) Won [57] (#cite_note-63) Best Lip Liner [g] (#cite_note-64) Won [58] (#cite_note-65) 2023 Best Gel Eyeliner [h] (#cite_note-66) Won [59] (#cite_note-67) Cosmopolitan Holy Grail Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) 2021 Best Blush Won [60] (#cite_note-68) 2022 Best Liquid Lipstick Won [61] (#cite_note-69) 2023 Best Highlighter Won [62] (#cite_note-70) Cosmopolitan Readers’ Choice Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) 2022 Best Highlighter Won [63] (#cite_note-71) Best Mascara Nominated [64] (#cite_note-72) Best Blush Nominated Best Lip Balm Nominated 2023 Best Celebrity Brand Nominated [65] (#cite_note-73) Best Setting Powder Nominated Best Bronzer Won Best Blush Won Best Highlighter Nominated Elle Beauty Awards (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) 2023 Best Foundation and Blush [i] (#cite_note-74) Nominated [66] (#cite_note-75) The Highlighter [j] (#cite_note-76) Won [67] (#cite_note-77) Glamour Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) 2021 Best Makeup Products of the Year [k] (#cite_note-78) Won [68] (#cite_note-79) 2022 Best Lipstick [l] (#cite_note-readerschoice-80) Won [69] (#cite_note-81) Best Powder Won [70] (#cite_note-82) Best Breakthrough [m] (#cite_note-83) Won [71] (#cite_note-84) 2023 Best Highlighter [n] (#cite_note-glamourwellness-85) Won [72] (#cite_note-86) Best Lipstick [n] (#cite_note-glamourwellness-85) Won Best Highlighter [o] (#cite_note-powerlist-87) Won [73] (#cite_note-88) Best Blush [o] (#cite_note-powerlist-87) Won Best Highlighter [n] (#cite_note-glamourwellness-85) Won [74] (#cite_note-89) Best Lip Gloss [n] (#cite_note-glamourwellness-85) Won Harper's Bazaar Awards (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) 2022 Best Blush [p] (#cite_note-90) Won [75] (#cite_note-91) Best Fake Flush [q] (#cite_note-92) Won [76] (#cite_note-93) Best Blush - Cream [r] (#cite_note-beautyawardsingapore-94) Won [77] (#cite_note-95) 2023 Best Liquid Liner [s] (#cite_note-96) Won [78] (#cite_note-97) Best Highlighter [r] (#cite_note-beautyawardsingapore-94) Won [79] (#cite_note-98) Best Concealer for Under Eye [r] (#cite_note-beautyawardsingapore-94) Won InStyle Awards (/wiki/InStyle) 2021 Best Concealer [t] (#cite_note-instylereaders-99) Nominated [80] (#cite_note-100) Favorite Celebrity Brand [t] (#cite_note-instylereaders-99) Nominated 2023 Best Highlighter [u] (#cite_note-101) Won [81] (#cite_note-102) Marie Claire ' s Beauty Game-Changers Awards (/wiki/Marie_Claire) 2023 Makeup Won [82] (#cite_note-103) National Council for Mental Wellbeing (/wiki/Mental_health_first_aid#United_States) 2023 Mental Health First Aid Impact Award – Partnership of the Year Won [83] (#cite_note-104) People' s Beauty Awards (/wiki/People_(magazine)) 2023 Best Powder Highlighter Won [84] (#cite_note-105) PETA's Libby Awards (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) 2020 Heroes — Favorite Vegan Makeup Line Won [85] (#cite_note-106) 2022 Lifestyle — Favorite New Vegan Beauty Product Nominated [86] (#cite_note-107) Prevention Beauty Awards (/wiki/Prevention_(magazine)) 2022 Best Skin Tint Won [87] (#cite_note-108) Real Simple Smart Beauty (/wiki/Real_Simple) 2021 Best Beauty Products Won [88] (#cite_note-109) Shape Beauty Awards (/wiki/Shape_(magazine)) 2022 Best Blush Won [89] (#cite_note-110) Shop Today Beauty Awards (/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)) [v] (#cite_note-112) 2023 Best Cream Lipstick Won [91] (#cite_note-113) Best Curling Mascara Won [92] (#cite_note-114) Stylist Best Beauty Awards (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) 2023 Best Pencil Eyeliner Won [93] (#cite_note-115) The Beauty Awards (Canada) (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) [w] (#cite_note-117) 2022 Makeup — Best Highlighter Won [95] (#cite_note-118) 2023 Makeup — Best Lip Oil Won [96] (#cite_note-119) The New Zealand Herald (/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald) 2022 The Flirt Won [97] (#cite_note-120) The Sunday Times' Style Beauty Awards (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) 2022 Best Celebrity Brand Nominated [98] (#cite_note-121) 2023 Runner-up [99] (#cite_note-122) Best Complexion Make-up Runner-up [100] (#cite_note-123) Vogue Beauty Awards (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) 2023 Celebrity or Influencer Beauty Mogul [x] (#cite_note-voguebritish-124) Won [101] (#cite_note-125) Best Highlighter [y] (#cite_note-voguethailand-126) Won [102] (#cite_note-127) Webby Awards (/wiki/Webby_Awards) 2021 Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez — Makeup Made to Feel Good In Fashion & Beauty — Social [z] (#cite_note-peoplesvoice-128) Won [103] (#cite_note-129) 2022 Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez Fashion & Beauty — General Social [z] (#cite_note-peoplesvoice-128) Won [104] (#cite_note-130) 2023 Community Engagement — Features (Social) Nominated [105] (#cite_note-131) Fashion & Beauty — General Social (Social) Won [106] (#cite_note-132) Won [z] (#cite_note-peoplesvoice-128) [107] (#cite_note-133) WWD Beauty Inc Awards (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) 2020 Startup of the Year Won [108] (#cite_note-134) Rare Impact by Rare Beauty Awards [ edit ] Award Year Recipient(s) and nominee(s) Category Result Ref. Halo Awards [aa] (#cite_note-136) 2022 Rare Impact – Mental Health 101 – Rare Beauty Best Health Initiative (Physical or Mental Health) Nominated [110] (#cite_note-137) Shorty Awards (/wiki/Shorty_Awards) [ab] (#cite_note-138) 2022 Your Words Matter from Rare Impact by Rare Beauty Best in Mental Health Nominated [111] (#cite_note-139) Rare Impact by Rare Beauty - Mental Health Awareness Month 2022 Best in Corporate Social Responsibility Nominated Other accolades [ edit ] Listicles [ edit ] Name of publisher, name of listicle (/wiki/Listicle) , year(s) listed, and placement result Publisher Listicle Year(s) Result Ref. Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) 31 Best Female-owned Beauty Brands 2023 Placed [112] (#cite_note-140) Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) 165 Brands That Matter In 2023 2023 Placed [113] (#cite_note-141) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-45) Indicates the year of ceremony. Each year is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible. ^ a b c d e f Allure Readers' Choice Awards ^ (#cite_ref-56) Beautycon is an annual beauty festival. [53] (#cite_note-55) ^ (#cite_ref-58) CEW Beauty Creators Awards ^ (#cite_ref-60) CEW Beauty Awards (UK) ^ (#cite_ref-62) Cosmopolitan Summer Beauty Award ^ (#cite_ref-64) Cosmopolitan Winter Beauty Award ^ (#cite_ref-66) Cosmopolitan Winter Beauty Award ^ (#cite_ref-74) Elle Italia Beauty Awards ^ (#cite_ref-76) Elle UK's Future of Beauty Awards ^ (#cite_ref-78) Glamour Russia Best of Beauty Award ^ (#cite_ref-readerschoice_80-0) Readers' Choice Award ^ (#cite_ref-83) Glamour Beauty Power List Award ^ a b c d Glamour Beauty & Wellness Awards ^ a b Glamour Beauty Power List Awards ^ (#cite_ref-90) Harper's Bazaar Malaysia Beauty Award ^ (#cite_ref-92) Harper's Bazaar Skincare Award ^ a b c Bazaar Beauty Award (Singapore) ^ (#cite_ref-96) Bazaar Best of Beauty Awards (UK) ^ a b InStyle Readers' Choice Awards ^ (#cite_ref-101) InStyle Best Beauty Buys ^ (#cite_ref-112) " NBCUniversal News Group (/wiki/NBCUniversal_Television_and_Streaming) has launched its first-ever Shop TODAY Beauty Awards." [90] (#cite_note-111) ^ (#cite_ref-117) The Beauty Awards are "a collaboration between three iconic Canadian magazine brands", Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_(magazine)) , Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) and Châtelaine (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telaine) , to honor the best beauty product. [94] (#cite_note-116) ^ (#cite_ref-voguebritish_124-0) Vogue British Beauty Awards ^ (#cite_ref-voguethailand_126-0) Vogue Thailand Beauty Awards ^ a b c People's Voice winner ^ (#cite_ref-136) The Halo Awards honor the best corporate social impact initiatives. [109] (#cite_note-135) ^ (#cite_ref-138) Shorty Impact Awards References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Rao, Priya (January 16, 2024). "Beauty's Most Sought-After M&A Targets in 2024" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/beauty/beautys-most-sought-after-ma-targets-in-2024/) . The Business of Fashion . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240117141552/https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/beauty/beautys-most-sought-after-ma-targets-in-2024/) from the original on January 17, 2024 . Retrieved January 19, 2024 . ^ a b c Shaw, Lucas; Tse, Crystal; Ceron, Ella (March 18, 2024). "Selena Gomez Weighs Sale of Cosmetics Brand Valued at $2 Billion" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-18/selena-gomez-weighs-sale-of-cosmetics-brand-valued-at-2-billion) . Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240319012218/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-18/selena-gomez-weighs-sale-of-cosmetics-brand-valued-at-2-billion) from the original on March 19, 2024 . Retrieved March 19, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Robin, Maci (February 5, 2020). "Selena Gomez Is Launching a Makeup Brand at Sephora This Summer" (https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-makeup-brand-sephora) . Allure . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Aziz, Afdhel. "Rare Beauty Launches Mental Health 101 Campaign To Help Gen-Z Get Access To Health For All" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/afdhelaziz/2021/05/20/rare-beauty-launches-mental-health-101-campaign-to-help-gen-z-get-access-to-health-for-all/) . Forbes . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "With Rare Beauty, Selena Gomez Is Making a Real Difference" (https://www.wellandgood.com/rare-beauty-selena-gomez/) . Well+Good . April 23, 2022 . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rare Impact Fund" (https://www.rarebeauty.com/blogs/rare-impact/rare-impact-fund) . Rare Beauty . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/makeup/g42658492/rare-beauty-makeup-review/) "I tried Rare Beauty's new body care range – here's what I thought…" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/makeup/g42658492/rare-beauty-makeup-review/) " (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/makeup/g42658492/rare-beauty-makeup-review/) . Cosmopolitan . February 2, 2024 . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ a b Rao, Priya (March 20, 2024). "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Exploring an IPO or Sale as Net Sales Cross $400 Million" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/beauty/selena-gomezs-rare-beauty-exploring-an-ipo-or-sale-as-revenue-crosses-400-million/) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved March 21, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Ludmir, Clara (February 23, 2024). "Beyoncé Joins Rihanna, Selena Gomez And More In Beauty Retail With Cécred" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/claraludmir/2024/02/23/beyonce-joins-rihanna-selena-gomez-and-more-in-beauty-retail-with-ccred/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240304213323/https://www.forbes.com/sites/claraludmir/2024/02/23/beyonce-joins-rihanna-selena-gomez-and-more-in-beauty-retail-with-ccred/) from the original on March 4, 2024 . Retrieved March 21, 2024 . ^ a b c d e Muhammad, Latifah (July 24, 2023). "Rare Beauty Takeover: Selena Gomez Has Reportedly Sold $70 Million in Blush" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-blush-sales-70-million-1235377562/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230823171558/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-blush-sales-70-million-1235377562/) from the original on August 23, 2023 . Retrieved September 11, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "RARE BEAUTY, LLC:: California (US)" (https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ca/201905310862) . OpenCorporates (/wiki/OpenCorporates) . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Selena Gomez announces 'Rare Beauty' collection for summer 2020" (https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/style/story/selena-gomez-announces-rare-beauty-collection-summer-2020-68757133) . Good Morning America . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Decker, Megan (February 4, 2020). "Selena Gomez Is Launching Her Beauty Brand At Sephora" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2020/02/9359622/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-brand) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Chia, Jessica. "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Line Is Coming Soon, and We Got to Try It Early" (https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-makeup-line-interview-review) . Allure.com . Allure . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Tan, Amelia. "Selena Gomez on Rare Beauty, and How She Challenges the 'Beauty Myth' With Her Makeup Line" (https://www.nylon.com.sg/2021/06/interview-selena-gomez-on-makeup-brand-rare-beauty/) . Nylon . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Cacciatore, Bella. "Rare Beauty: Selena Gomez's Beauty Line Is Finally Here" (https://www.glamour.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-line-details) . Glamour.com . Glamour . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Robin, Marci. "Selena Gomez Finally Announced the Launch Date for Rare Beauty" (https://www.allure.com/story/rare-beauty-selena-gomez-launch-date) . Allure.com . Allure . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Will Launch With 48 Shades" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-will-launch-with-48-shades) . Teen Vogue . April 16, 2020 . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Environmental Impact" (https://www.rarebeauty.com/pages/sustainability) . RareBeauty.com . Rare Beauty . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Insider Roundup: Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty To Arrive In Asia & More" (https://thebeaulife.co/art-entertainment-news/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-insider-roundup) . TheBeauLife . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty is Launching in the Middle East" (https://en.vogue.me/beauty/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-launching-middle-east/) . Vogue Arabia . May 24, 2021 . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Lindsay, Grace. "Selena Gomez just launched Rare Beauty in the UK (and we want it all)" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty-news/rare-beauty-uk-launch-763965) . MarieClaire.com . Marie Claire . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Chitrakorn, Kati (April 20, 2022). "Why Space NK is powering pop-ups for emerging beauty brands" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/why-space-nk-is-powering-pop-ups-for-emerging-beauty-brands) . Vogue Business . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Roberts, Sami (March 30, 2022). "Is the Rare Beauty Liquid Blush Worth the Hype?" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a39574408/rare-beauty-liquid-blush-review/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230301191346/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a39574408/rare-beauty-liquid-blush-review/) from the original on March 1, 2023 . Retrieved August 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Gold, Jessica. "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty Pledges To Raise $100 Million For Mental Health" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessicagold/2020/07/22/selena-gomezs-rare-beauty-pledges-to-raise-100m-for-mental-health/) . Forbes . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Selena Gomez's Rare Beauty to Raise $100 Million for Mental Health Initiatives" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33403145/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-fund-raising-100-million-mental-health-services/) . Harper's BAZAAR . July 23, 2020 . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Stables, Paige. "Selena Gomez Has Rewritten the Script for Beauty Start-Ups" (https://www.allure.com/story/selena-gomez-rare-beauty-impact-interview) . Allure.com . Allure . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Aziz, Afdhel. "Rare Beauty Launches Mental Health 101 Campaign To Help Gen-Z Get Access To Health For All" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/afdhelaziz/2021/05/20/rare-beauty-launches-mental-health-101-campaign-to-help-gen-z-get-access-to-health-for-all/?sh=7fec7bc12829) . Forbes . Retrieved December 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Selena Gomez Launches 'Your Words Matter' Mental Health Campaign With Rare Beauty" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/selena-gomez-launches-words-matter-194033317.html) . finance.yahoo.com . Retrieved December 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "In Honor of World Mental Health Day, Sephora Commits to Donating 100 Percent* of Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez Product Sales to the Rare Impact Fund" (https://newsroom.sephora.com/in-honor-of-world-mental-health-day-sephora-commits-to-donating-100-percent-of-rare-beauty-by-selena-gomez-product-sales-to-the-rare-impact-fund/) . Sephora Newsroom (/wiki/Sephora) . October 4, 2023 . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Momenian, Donya (October 4, 2023). "Selena Gomez Announced Sephora Will Donate All Rare Beauty Sales to Mental Health Fund for One Day" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/selena-gomez-sephora-donate-all-rare-beauty-sales-to-rare-impact-fund-for-world-mental-health-day) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . ^ a b c d Chuba, Kirsten (October 4, 2023). 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"Beauty Awards: Best eye makeup, from mascaras to liners, starting at just $5" (https://www.today.com/shop/best-eye-makeup-products-beauty-awards-t281652) . Today . Retrieved March 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-115) "Stylist Best Beauty Awards 2024: make-up winners" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/beauty/best-beauty-awards-2024-makeup-winners/836170) . Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) . November 6, 2023 . Retrieved November 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-116) "2FASHION Magazine, Chatelaine & Châtelaine join forces again for The Beauty Awards 2023" (https://www.stjoseph.com/news/fashion-magazine-chatelaine-chatelaine-join-forces-again-for-the-beauty-awards-2023/) . St. Joseph Communications (/wiki/St._Joseph_Communications) . October 17, 2022 . Retrieved November 26, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-118) "The Beauty Awards 2022" (https://www.chatelaine.com/the-beauty-awards-2022/) . Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220808012710/https://www.chatelaine.com/the-beauty-awards-2022/) from the original on August 8, 2022 . Retrieved November 26, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-119) "The Beauty Awards 2023" (https://thebeautyawards.ca) . The Beauty Awards. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230823031445/https://thebeautyawards.ca/) from the original on August 23, 2023 . Retrieved August 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-120) Watts, Megan (December 14, 2022). "The graduating class of 2022: Top ten beauty products under $100" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/the-graduating-class-of-2022-top-ten-beauty-products-under-100/NS5JE2CQZVAZJEVQJHB763UUFE/) . The New Zealand Herald (/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald) . Retrieved June 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-121) "Style Beauty Awards 2022" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220426105840/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/styleplay/beauty/competitions/style-beauty-awards-2022) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/styleplay/beauty/competitions/style-beauty-awards-2022/) on April 26, 2022 . Retrieved November 27, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-122) "Style Beauty Awards 2023" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/styleplay/beauty/competitions/style-beauty-awards-2023/) . The Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230326163319/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/styleplay/beauty/competitions/style-beauty-awards-2023/) from the original on March 26, 2023 . Retrieved March 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-123) "Style Beauty Awards 2023: the best products and brands, as voted by you" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/style-beauty-awards-2023-winners-best-products-brandsstyle-beauty-awards-2023-the-best-products-and-brands-as-voted-by-you-clgp3xphb) . The Times . May 20, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230520231931/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/style-beauty-awards-2023-winners-best-products-brandsstyle-beauty-awards-2023-the-best-products-and-brands-as-voted-by-you-clgp3xphb) from the original on May 20, 2023 . Retrieved May 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-125) "Meet The Winners Of The Vogue Beauty Awards 2023" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/winners-vogue-beauty-awards-2023) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . April 20, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230820133423/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/winners-vogue-beauty-awards-2023) from the original on August 20, 2023 . Retrieved August 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-127) "Makeup - Best for Sun-Kissed Skin" (https://www.vogue.co.th/beauty/beautyawards/awards/best-for-sunkissed-skin.html) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230820133231/https://www.vogue.co.th/beauty/beautyawards/awards/best-for-sunkissed-skin.html) from the original on August 20, 2023 . Retrieved August 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-129) "Makeup Made To Feel Good In" (https://winners.webbyawards.com/2021/social/general-social/fashion-beauty/184272/makeup-made-to-feel-good-in) . Webby Awards . Retrieved May 18, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-130) "Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez" (https://winners.webbyawards.com/2022/social/general-social/fashion-beauty/214876/rare-beauty-by-selena-gomez) . Webby Awards . Retrieved April 26, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-131) Spangler, Todd (April 4, 2023). "Variety Lands Four 2023 Webby Awards Nominations" (https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/webby-awards-2023-nominations-variety-1235570332/) . Variety . Retrieved April 4, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-132) Grein, Paul (April 25, 2023). "SZA, Rihanna, BLACKPINK & More Win at 2023 Webby Awards" (https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2023-webby-awards-winners-music-entertainment-sza-rihanna-blackpink-1235314389/) . Billboard . Retrieved April 25, 2023 . "27th Annual Webby Award Winners Announced" (https://www.webbyawards.com/press/press-releases/27th-annual-webby-award-winners-announced/) . Webby Awards . Retrieved April 25, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-133) "Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez" (https://winners.webbyawards.com/2023/social/general-social/fashion-beauty/250755/rare-beauty-by-selena-gomez) . Webby Awards . Retrieved April 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-134) Manso, James (December 10, 2020). "Selena Gomez Wins Startup of the Year at Beauty Inc Awards" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/selena-gomez-wins-entrepreneur-of-the-year-beauty-inc-awards-1234673323/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved December 11, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-135) "2022 Halo Awards Honor Top Corporate Social Impact Initiatives" (https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/744821-2022-halo-awards-honor-top-corporate-social-impact-initiatives) . CSRWire . Retrieved August 19, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-137) "Corporate Social Impact Winners Will Be Revealed At 2022 Engage For Good Conference" (https://engageforgood.com/campaigns-with-heart-honored-as-2022-halo-award-finalists/) . engageforgood.com . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-139) "7th Annual Shorty Impact Awards Finalists" (https://shortyawards.com/7th-impact/finalists) . Shorty Awards (/wiki/Shorty_Awards) . Retrieved October 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-140) "31 best female-owned beauty brands to champion this International Women's Day (and every damn day)" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/female-owned-beauty-brands) . Glamour . March 8, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-141) "165 BRANDS THAT MATTER IN 2023" (https://www.fastcompany.com/brands-that-matter/list) . Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231029134653/https://www.fastcompany.com/brands-that-matter/list) from the original on October 29, 2023 . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.rarebeauty.com/) v t e Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Selena_Gomez) Discography (/wiki/Selena_Gomez_discography) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Selena_Gomez_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Selena_Gomez) Videography (/wiki/Selena_Gomez_videography) Studio albums Stars Dance (/wiki/Stars_Dance) Revival (/wiki/Revival_(Selena_Gomez_album)) Rare (/wiki/Rare_(Selena_Gomez_album)) Compilation albums For You (/wiki/For_You_(Selena_Gomez_album)) EPs Another Cinderella Story EP (/wiki/Another_Cinderella_Story_(soundtrack)#Extended_play) Revelación (/wiki/Revelaci%C3%B3n) Singles " Tell Me Something I Don't Know (/wiki/Tell_Me_Something_I_Don%27t_Know_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Magic (/wiki/Magic_(Pilot_song)) " " Send It On (/wiki/Send_It_On_(Disney_song)) " " Come & Get It (/wiki/Come_%26_Get_It_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Slow Down (/wiki/Slow_Down_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " The Heart Wants What It Wants (/wiki/The_Heart_Wants_What_It_Wants) " " Good for You (/wiki/Good_for_You_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Same Old Love (/wiki/Same_Old_Love) " " Hands to Myself (/wiki/Hands_to_Myself) " " Kill Em with Kindness (/wiki/Kill_Em_with_Kindness) " " It Ain't Me (/wiki/It_Ain%27t_Me) " " Bad Liar (/wiki/Bad_Liar_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Fetish (/wiki/Fetish_(song)) " " Wolves (/wiki/Wolves_(Selena_Gomez_and_Marshmello_song)) " " Back to You (/wiki/Back_to_You_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " I Can't Get Enough (/wiki/I_Can%27t_Get_Enough) " " Lose You to Love Me (/wiki/Lose_You_to_Love_Me) " " Look at Her Now (/wiki/Look_at_Her_Now) " " Rare (/wiki/Rare_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Boyfriend (/wiki/Boyfriend_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Past Life (/wiki/Past_Life_(Trevor_Daniel_song)) " " Ice Cream (/wiki/Ice_Cream_(Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song)) " " De Una Vez (/wiki/De_Una_Vez) " " Baila Conmigo (/wiki/Baila_Conmigo_(Selena_Gomez_and_Rauw_Alejandro_song)) " " Selfish Love (/wiki/Selfish_Love_(DJ_Snake_and_Selena_Gomez_song)) " " 999 (/wiki/999_(Selena_Gomez_and_Camilo_song)) " " Let Somebody Go (/wiki/Let_Somebody_Go) " " Calm Down (/wiki/Calm_Down_(Rema_song)) " " My Mind & Me (/wiki/My_Mind_%26_Me) " " Single Soon (/wiki/Single_Soon) " " Love On (/wiki/Love_On) " Featured singles " Whoa Oh! (/wiki/Whoa_Oh!_(Me_vs._Everyone)) " (remix) " I Want You to Know (/wiki/I_Want_You_to_Know_(Zedd_song)) " " We Don't Talk Anymore (/wiki/We_Don%27t_Talk_Anymore_(Charlie_Puth_song)) " " Hands (/wiki/Hands_(2016_song)) " " Trust Nobody (/wiki/Trust_Nobody) " " Taki Taki (/wiki/Taki_Taki_(song)) " " Anxiety (/wiki/Anxiety_(Julia_Michaels_song)) " Promotional singles " Me & the Rhythm (/wiki/Me_%26_the_Rhythm) " " Feel Me (/wiki/Feel_Me_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " Other songs " Birthday (/wiki/Birthday_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Sober (/wiki/Sober_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Only You (/wiki/Only_You_(Yazoo_song)#Selena_Gomez_version) " " Dance Again (/wiki/Dance_Again_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Vulnerable (/wiki/Vulnerable_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " People You Know (/wiki/People_You_Know_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " " Dámelo To' (/wiki/D%C3%A1melo_To%27) " Concert tours Stars Dance Tour (/wiki/Stars_Dance_Tour) Revival Tour (/wiki/Revival_Tour) Related articles Alex Russo (/wiki/Alex_Russo) Rare Beauty Selena Gomez & the Scene (/wiki/Selena_Gomez_%26_the_Scene) Selena Gomez: My Mind & Me (/wiki/Selena_Gomez:_My_Mind_%26_Me) Category (/wiki/Category:Selena_Gomez) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7cfdd9c4bc‐6dsvp Cached time: 20240717212512 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.073 seconds Real time usage: 1.197 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9597/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 280688/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9044/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 475297/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.641/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8377107/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1073.706 1 -total 58.99% 633.337 2 Template:Reflist 33.91% 364.046 76 Template:Cite_web 16.07% 172.491 40 Template:Cite_magazine 10.22% 109.693 1 Template:Infobox_company 9.35% 100.358 2 Template:Infobox 5.06% 54.382 1 Template:Coi 5.02% 53.900 2 Template:Ambox 4.89% 52.477 1 Template:Selena_Gomez 4.77% 51.175 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65181920-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717212512 and revision id 1235139923. 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown Pages in category "GA-Class fashion articles" The following 96 pages are in this category, out of 96 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Talk:Anthony Eden hat (/wiki/Talk:Anthony_Eden_hat) Talk:Áo dài (/wiki/Talk:%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Talk:ArtRave (/wiki/Talk:ArtRave) Talk:ArtRave: The Artpop Ball (/wiki/Talk:ArtRave:_The_Artpop_Ball) B Talk:Belle's ball gown (/wiki/Talk:Belle%27s_ball_gown) Talk:Bikini (/wiki/Talk:Bikini) Talk:Body piercing (/wiki/Talk:Body_piercing) Talk:Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Talk:Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Talk:Tory Burch (/wiki/Talk:Tory_Burch) Talk:Bye Bye Baby (Madonna song) (/wiki/Talk:Bye_Bye_Baby_(Madonna_song)) C Talk:Cad and the Dandy (/wiki/Talk:Cad_and_the_Dandy) Talk:Lily Cole (/wiki/Talk:Lily_Cole) Talk:Susannah Constantine (/wiki/Talk:Susannah_Constantine) Talk:Cover-up tattoo (/wiki/Talk:Cover-up_tattoo) Talk:Crinoline (/wiki/Talk:Crinoline) D Talk:David Beckham Homme (/wiki/Talk:David_Beckham_Homme) Talk:Giles Deacon (/wiki/Talk:Giles_Deacon) Talk:Denise Huxtable (/wiki/Talk:Denise_Huxtable) Talk:The Devil Wears Prada (film) (/wiki/Talk:The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) E Talk:Edna Mode (/wiki/Talk:Edna_Mode) Talk:Eight-ball jacket (/wiki/Talk:Eight-ball_jacket) Talk:Elixir (perfume) (/wiki/Talk:Elixir_(perfume)) Talk:Engineer boot (/wiki/Talk:Engineer_boot) Talk:Timothy Everest (/wiki/Talk:Timothy_Everest) Talk:Evolution (advertisement) (/wiki/Talk:Evolution_(advertisement)) F Talk:Fashion (2008 film) (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_(2008_film)) Talk:Carly Foulkes (/wiki/Talk:Carly_Foulkes) G Talk:Joanne Gair (/wiki/Talk:Joanne_Gair) Talk:París Galán (/wiki/Talk:Par%C3%ADs_Gal%C3%A1n) Talk:Murder of Irene Garza (/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Irene_Garza) Talk:Jordan Geller (/wiki/Talk:Jordan_Geller) Talk:Gingham dress of Judy Garland (/wiki/Talk:Gingham_dress_of_Judy_Garland) Talk:Jessica Gomes (/wiki/Talk:Jessica_Gomes) Talk:Green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Talk:Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) Talk:Grill (jewelry) (/wiki/Talk:Grill_(jewelry)) H Talk:Heat (perfume) (/wiki/Talk:Heat_(perfume)) Talk:Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Talk:Audrey_Hepburn) Talk:History of the bikini (/wiki/Talk:History_of_the_bikini) I Talk:International Hat Company (/wiki/Talk:International_Hat_Company) Talk:Maija Isola (/wiki/Talk:Maija_Isola) J Talk:Joan (Alexander McQueen collection) (/wiki/Talk:Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) Talk:Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Talk:Milla_Jovovich) L Talk:L.A.M.B. 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(/wiki/Talk:Treats!) Talk:Triumph International (/wiki/Talk:Triumph_International) Talk:The True Cost (/wiki/Talk:The_True_Cost) U Talk:Ugg boots trademark dispute (/wiki/Talk:Ugg_boots_trademark_dispute) Talk:Underwire bra (/wiki/Talk:Underwire_bra) V Talk:Vanitas: Flesh Dress for an Albino Anorectic (/wiki/Talk:Vanitas:_Flesh_Dress_for_an_Albino_Anorectic) Talk:Vogue (Madonna song) (/wiki/Talk:Vogue_(Madonna_song)) W Talk:Johnny Weir (/wiki/Talk:Johnny_Weir) Talk:Whale tail (/wiki/Talk:Whale_tail) Talk:Anna Wintour (/wiki/Talk:Anna_Wintour) Talk:WSJ Magazine (/wiki/Talk:WSJ_Magazine) Y Talk:Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Talk:Yeezy_Gap) Talk:Yoga pants (/wiki/Talk:Yoga_pants) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=952009581 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=952009581) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion articles by quality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_quality) GA-Class articles (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_articles) Hidden categories: Template Category class with class parameter matching title (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_class_with_class_parameter_matching_title) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) For fashion (/wiki/Fashion) related articles needing an image or photograph, use {{ Image requested (/wiki/Template:Image_requested) \|date=July 2024\|fashion}} in the talk page, which adds the article to Category:Wikipedia requested images of fashion . If possible, please add request to an existing sub-category. For help on requesting images, see Wikipedia:Requested pictures (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures) . For help with finding images, see Wikipedia:Finding images tutorial (/wiki/Wikipedia:Finding_images_tutorial) . You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) . The Free Image Search Tool (https://fist.toolforge.org/fist.php?doit=1&language=en&project=wikipedia&data=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+fashion&datatype=categories&params%5Bcatdepth%5D=0&params%5Brandom%5D=50&params%5Bll_max%5D=5&params%5Bcommons_max%5D=5&params%5Bflickr_max%5D=5&params%5Binclude_flickr_id%5D=1&params%5Bwts_max%5D=5&params%5Bgimp_max%5D=5&params%5Besp_max%5D=5&params%5Besp_skip_flickr%5D=1&params%5Bgeograph_max%5D=5&params%5Bforarticles%5D=noimage&params%5Blessthan_images%5D=3&params%5Bdefault_thumbnail_size%5D=&params%5Bjpeg%5D=1&params%5Bpng%5D=1&params%5Bgif%5D=1&params%5Bsvg%5D=1&params%5Bogg%5D=1&params%5Bmin_width%5D=80&params%5Bmin_height%5D=80&sources%5Blanguagelinks%5D=1&sources%5Bcommons%5D=1&sources%5Bflickr%5D=1) may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites. The Image Existence Checker (http://toolserver.org/~jarry/imagechecker/index.php?lang=en&category=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+fashion) shows articles in this list that have images. For more information, see Wikipedia:WikiProject fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_fashion) . Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&from=Z) The Image Existence Checker (http://toolserver.org/~jarry/imagechecker/index.php?lang=en&category=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+fashion) shows articles in this list that have images. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. C Wikipedia requested images of clothing (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_clothing) ‎ (38 P) H Wikipedia requested images of hair (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_hair) ‎ (10 P) J Wikipedia requested images of jewelry (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_jewelry) ‎ (47 P) P Wikipedia requested images of fashion people (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion_people) ‎ (67 P) Pages in category "Wikipedia requested images of fashion" The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Talk:Baking (make-up) (/wiki/Talk:Baking_(make-up)) Talk:Bandage dress (/wiki/Talk:Bandage_dress) Talk:Basso & Brooke (/wiki/Talk:Basso_%26_Brooke) Talk:Beanie (seamed cap) (/wiki/Talk:Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Talk:Beauty micrometer (/wiki/Talk:Beauty_micrometer) Talk:Sara Berman (fashion designer) (/wiki/Talk:Sara_Berman_(fashion_designer)) Talk:Betabrand (/wiki/Talk:Betabrand) Talk:Kylie Bisutti (/wiki/Talk:Kylie_Bisutti) Talk:Black and white Valentino dress of Julia Roberts (/wiki/Talk:Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) Talk:Bodystocking (/wiki/Talk:Bodystocking) Talk:Brogan (shoes) (/wiki/Talk:Brogan_(shoes)) Talk:Bug-eye glasses (/wiki/Talk:Bug-eye_glasses) C Talk:Camilla and Marc (/wiki/Talk:Camilla_and_Marc) Talk:Caraceni (company) (/wiki/Talk:Caraceni_(company)) Talk:Castro clone (/wiki/Talk:Castro_clone) Talk:Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Talk:Roberto_Cavalli) Talk:Chopine (/wiki/Talk:Chopine) Talk:Sue Clowes (/wiki/Talk:Sue_Clowes) Talk:Collar pin (/wiki/Talk:Collar_pin) Talk:Comb (/wiki/Talk:Comb) Talk:Cristi Conaway (/wiki/Talk:Cristi_Conaway) Talk:Corneliani (/wiki/Talk:Corneliani) Talk:Country bohemian style (/wiki/Talk:Country_bohemian_style) Talk:Croydon facelift (/wiki/Talk:Croydon_facelift) Talk:Cutty Sark Men's Fashion Awards (/wiki/Talk:Cutty_Sark_Men%27s_Fashion_Awards) D Talk:Zoltan David (/wiki/Talk:Zoltan_David) Talk:Design School Kolding (/wiki/Talk:Design_School_Kolding) Talk:Drape suit (/wiki/Talk:Drape_suit) Talk:Dress boot (/wiki/Talk:Dress_boot) E Talk:Victor Edelstein (/wiki/Talk:Victor_Edelstein) Talk:EDUN (/wiki/Talk:EDUN) Talk:Elegant Gothic Aristocrat (/wiki/Talk:Elegant_Gothic_Aristocrat) Talk:Clive Evans (fashion designer) (/wiki/Talk:Clive_Evans_(fashion_designer)) Talk:Lou Eyrich (/wiki/Talk:Lou_Eyrich) F Talk:Fashion illustration (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_illustration) Talk:Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/Talk:F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) Talk:Figaro chain (/wiki/Talk:Figaro_chain) Talk:Fiorucci (/wiki/Talk:Fiorucci) G Talk:Girl boxers (/wiki/Talk:Girl_boxers) Talk:Grès (/wiki/Talk:Gr%C3%A8s) H Talk:Hammer pants (/wiki/Talk:Hammer_pants) Talk:Hat block (/wiki/Talk:Hat_block) Talk:Highlighter (cosmetics) (/wiki/Talk:Highlighter_(cosmetics)) Talk:Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Talk:Hip_hop_fashion) Talk:Hipster (contemporary subculture) (/wiki/Talk:Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) I Talk:Industrial fashion (/wiki/Talk:Industrial_fashion) Talk:InStyle UK (/wiki/Talk:InStyle_UK) Talk:Isehan Cosmetics (/wiki/Talk:Isehan_Cosmetics) Talk:Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress of Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Talk:Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) Talk:Ivy League (clothes) (/wiki/Talk:Ivy_League_(clothes)) J Talk:Satyendra Kumar Jain (/wiki/Talk:Satyendra_Kumar_Jain) Talk:Jayne Mansfield's leopard spot bikini (/wiki/Talk:Jayne_Mansfield%27s_leopard_spot_bikini) K Talk:Kariyushi shirt (/wiki/Talk:Kariyushi_shirt) Talk:Jill Kennington (/wiki/Talk:Jill_Kennington) Talk:Victoria Keon-Cohen (/wiki/Talk:Victoria_Keon-Cohen) Talk:Kiton (/wiki/Talk:Kiton) Talk:Koikuchi shirt (/wiki/Talk:Koikuchi_shirt) L Talk:LA Gear (/wiki/Talk:LA_Gear) Talk:Lady Esther (/wiki/Talk:Lady_Esther) Talk:Littlewoods (online retailer) (/wiki/Talk:Littlewoods_(online_retailer)) Talk:Luxe Grunge (/wiki/Talk:Luxe_Grunge) M Talk:Male bra (/wiki/Talk:Male_bra) Talk:Marzotto (/wiki/Talk:Marzotto) Talk:David McCabe (photographer) (/wiki/Talk:David_McCabe_(photographer)) Talk:Mexx (/wiki/Talk:Mexx) Talk:Millennium Bra (/wiki/Talk:Millennium_Bra) Talk:Milly (fashion brand) (/wiki/Talk:Milly_(fashion_brand)) Talk:Miss Dior (/wiki/Talk:Miss_Dior) Talk:Suzanne Mizzi (/wiki/Talk:Suzanne_Mizzi) N Talk:Neck corset (/wiki/Talk:Neck_corset) Talk:Neck gaiter (/wiki/Talk:Neck_gaiter) Talk:Neo-Victorian (/wiki/Talk:Neo-Victorian) Talk:New Romantic (/wiki/Talk:New_Romantic) Talk:New York Social Diary (/wiki/Talk:New_York_Social_Diary) Talk:Nike Mag (/wiki/Talk:Nike_Mag) P Talk:Cesare Paciotti (/wiki/Talk:Cesare_Paciotti) Talk:PETROU\MAN (/wiki/Talk:PETROU%5CMAN) Talk:Puletasi (/wiki/Talk:Puletasi) R Talk:Red Sea rig (/wiki/Talk:Red_Sea_rig) Talk:Nina Ricci (designer) (/wiki/Talk:Nina_Ricci_(designer)) Talk:Richard Nixon mask (/wiki/Talk:Richard_Nixon_mask) Talk:Romper suit (/wiki/Talk:Romper_suit) Talk:The Row (fashion label) (/wiki/Talk:The_Row_(fashion_label)) Talk:Russet (cloth) (/wiki/Talk:Russet_(cloth)) S Talk:Saddle shoe (/wiki/Talk:Saddle_shoe) Talk:Salvation bracelet (/wiki/Talk:Salvation_bracelet) Talk:Sansabelt (/wiki/Talk:Sansabelt) Talk:Fausto Sarli (/wiki/Talk:Fausto_Sarli) Talk:Scoop neckline (/wiki/Talk:Scoop_neckline) Talk:Scooterboy (/wiki/Talk:Scooterboy) Talk:Sean John (/wiki/Talk:Sean_John) Talk:Shabby chic (/wiki/Talk:Shabby_chic) Talk:Jean Shrimpton (/wiki/Talk:Jean_Shrimpton) Talk:Size zero (/wiki/Talk:Size_zero) Talk:Skort (/wiki/Talk:Skort) Talk:Spartoo UK (/wiki/Talk:Spartoo_UK) T Talk:William Tang (fashion designer) (/wiki/Talk:William_Tang_(fashion_designer)) Talk:Teddy (garment) (/wiki/Talk:Teddy_(garment)) Talk:The Giving Keys (/wiki/Talk:The_Giving_Keys) Talk:Then and Now (retailer) (/wiki/Talk:Then_and_Now_(retailer)) Talk:Whitney Thompson (/wiki/Talk:Whitney_Thompson) Talk:Isabel Tisdall (/wiki/Talk:Isabel_Tisdall) Talk:Torsolette (/wiki/Talk:Torsolette) V Talk:Vakko (/wiki/Talk:Vakko) Talk:Very (online retailer) (/wiki/Talk:Very_(online_retailer)) Talk:Vivobarefoot (/wiki/Talk:Vivobarefoot) W Talk:Wamus (/wiki/Talk:Wamus) Z Talk:Zoke (/wiki/Talk:Zoke) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&oldid=966687344 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion&oldid=966687344) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Wikipedia requested images of society (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_society) Wikipedia requested images of arts (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_arts) Fashion articles needing attention (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_needing_attention) Hidden categories: Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 101–200 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_101%E2%80%93200_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
Submission declined on 19 February 2024 by Robert McClenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. show Where to get help If you need help editing or submitting your draft , please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. These venues are only for help with editing and the submission process, not to get reviews. If you need feedback on your draft , or if the review is taking a lot of time, you can try asking for help on the talk page (/wiki/Help:Talk_pages) of a relevant WikiProject (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject#Finding_a_project) . 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Add tags to your draft show Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Rachel+Steed-Middleton%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Rachel_Steed-Middleton) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Rachel_Steed-Middleton&defaults=y) Declined by Robert McClenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) 5 months ago. Last edited by AnomieBOT (/wiki/User:AnomieBOT) 5 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elene13&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: This draft is written from the viewpoint of the person who is the subject of the draft, focusing on what the subject or their employer says about them. Biographical notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NBIO) is based on what independent reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) have written about the subject. This draft does not establish biographical notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NBIO) . See also Wikipedia is not for resumes (/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRESUME) . You may ask for advice about biographical notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NBIO) at the Teahouse (/wiki/Wikipedia:TEA) . This draft, as written, does not appear to indicate that the appropriate notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) criterion is satisfied. In particular, this draft does not appear to indicate that WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) is satisfied. If one of the criteria is satisfied, please revise this draft appropriately, with a reliable source (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) , if necessary stating on the talk page or in AFC comments which criterion is met, and resubmit. It is the responsibility of the submitter to show that a subject satisfies a notability criterion. You may ask for advice about the notability criteria (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) at the Teahouse (/wiki/Wikipedia:TEA) . In particular, see and refer to WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) for notability, which is the guideline that the subject should be evaluated against. Robert McClenon (/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ) 17:17, 19 February 2024 (UTC) British fashion designer Rachel Steed-Middleton (born 13 Dec 1983) is a British-Canadian designer, entrepreneur, and founder of String Ting (/wiki/String_Ting) , a phone accessories/jewelry brand. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Career [ edit ] After completing her degree, Steed-Middleton started her career at BMO Financial Group, working in Corporate Sponsorships. She later moved to London and joined Profero (now MullenLowe Profero (/wiki/MullenLowe_Profero) ) as a digital marketing Account Executive. Steed-Middleton also served as the Social Media Strategist at Leo Burnett London (/wiki/Leo_Burnett_Worldwide) for over two years. [ citation needed ] In 2012, she returned to Toronto and joined Anomaly (/wiki/Anomaly_(advertising_agency)) , an advertising agency, as a Digital and Communications Strategist. [3] (#cite_note-3) Steed-Middleton founded String Ting in March 2020 in Peckham, southeast London, as a response to the first wave of the COVID pandemic. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Personal Life [ edit ] She is married to Leigh Steed-Middleton and is the mother of three children. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Morelli, Vivian (2023-11-17). "Phone Straps Made of Beads, Crystals and a Bit of Whimsy" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/17/fashion/phone-straps-string-tings-london.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b Simons, Baya (2021-06-24). "String Ting and the making of a cult accessory brand" (https://www.ft.com/content/5b1bcb39-2aef-4aa6-87e9-7a242c41dc83) . Financial Times . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rachel Steed-Middleton" (https://www.anomaly.com/alumni/rachel-steed-middleton-1) . Anomaly . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Nast, Condé (2021-01-18). "The Cute Phone Accessories You're Seeing In Every Celebrity Selfie" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/string-ting-phone-chain) . British Vogue . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jones, Jo; Seamons, Helen (2021-10-10). "We love: Fashion fixes for the week ahead" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2021/oct/10/we-love-fashion-fixes-for-the-week-ahead) . the Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Theodosi, Natalie (2021-11-02). "London-based String Ting Moves From Viral Phone Accessories to Vintage Clothing" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/london-based-string-ting-moves-from-viral-phone-accessories-to-vintage-clothing-1234988321/) . WWD . Retrieved 2024-02-11 . 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London-based couturier Victor Edelstein Born ( 1946-07-10 ) 10 July 1946 (age 78) [1] (#cite_note-npg-1) London, England Occupation Fashion designer Known for Dresses of Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) , including the Travolta dress (/wiki/Travolta_dress) Spouse Annamaria Succi Website http://victoredelstein.com/ (http://victoredelstein.com/) Victor Edelstein (born 10 July 1946) is a British former couturier (/wiki/Couturier) best known for his fashion designs for Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) , in the 1980s. In 1989 he was described as the English equivalent to Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , and "the master of the English thoroughbred look". [2] (#cite_note-tfc-2) He now works as a painter. Early career [ edit ] Edelstein was born in North London [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) to a Jewish (/wiki/Jewish) family. [4] (#cite_note-alma-4) In 1962 he began working as a trainee designer for Alexon (/wiki/Alexon_Group) . [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) As well as Alexon and Salvador, [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) he worked for Nettie Vogues, Clifton Slimline, and Biba (/wiki/Biba) . [5] (#cite_note-tce-5) In 1970 he launched his own label although it was short-lived. [5] (#cite_note-tce-5) He then went on to spend three years working for the London branch of Christian Dior S.A. (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) under the direction of Jorn Langberg, [5] (#cite_note-tce-5) before re-establishing his label in 1978. [6] (#cite_note-Edelstein-6) In 1982, Edelstein decided to focus exclusively on haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , [5] (#cite_note-tce-5) and also designed for the theatre and ballet. [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) Clients [ edit ] Diana, Princess of Wales, wearing her Victor Edelstein Travolta gown (/wiki/Travolta_gown) at the White House in 1985. Edelstein's workroom was based at Stanhope Mews West, London. [2] (#cite_note-tfc-2) His most famous design is probably the ink-blue velvet gown (/wiki/Travolta_dress) he created in 1985 for Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) , to wear to the White House (/wiki/White_House) , where she danced with actor John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) . [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) This dress, on both occasions it sold at auction, set world record prices for a dress worn by Diana (£137,000 ($222,500) in 1996, [7] (#cite_note-7) and £240,000 ($362,424) in 2013). [8] (#cite_note-jones-8) In addition to Diana, his clients included the Duchess of Kent (/wiki/Katharine,_Duchess_of_Kent) , the Princess of Hanover (/wiki/Prince_Ernst_August_of_Hanover_(born_1954)#Family) , Princess Michael of Kent (/wiki/Princess_Michael_of_Kent) , the Countess of Snowdon (/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon#Second_marriage) , Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Tina Brown (/wiki/Tina_Brown) , [6] (#cite_note-Edelstein-6) Michael Heseltine (/wiki/Michael_Heseltine) 's wife Anne, and Lady Nuttall, who commented that Edelstein's workroom was the only place her husband (/wiki/Nicholas_Nuttall) liked to accompany her when clothes-shopping. [2] (#cite_note-tfc-2) In the late 1980s, his prices were often around the £2,400 to £2,500 mark for an evening dress, with his clients typically buying three or four outfits each season (an evening gown, a suit, and one or two dinner dresses). [2] (#cite_note-tfc-2) Later years [ edit ] Edelstein closed his fashion house in 1993, explaining that there was no longer a market for luxurious custom-made clothing. [5] (#cite_note-tce-5) Since then, he has established himself as an artist, exhibiting his work throughout Europe and the United States. [3] (#cite_note-factsheet-3) His portrait of Judith Martin (/wiki/Judith_Martin) , the American etiquette authority known as 'Miss Manners', was commissioned by her husband as a 70th birthday present for her, [9] (#cite_note-wash-9) and now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)) . [1] (#cite_note-npg-1) His wife, Annamaria Succi, is also a painter. [6] (#cite_note-Edelstein-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Judith Martin in Venice: NPG Portrait Search (Object ID 110823)" (http://npgportraits.si.edu/eMuseumNPG/code/emuseum.asp?rawsearch=ObjectID/,/is/,/110823/,/false/,/false&newprofile=CAP&newstyle=single) . National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved 22 July 2013 . ^ a b c d Coleridge, Nicholas (1989). The Fashion Conspiracy . Random House. pp. 217–219. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1448149878 . ^ a b c d e f "Dress Designers Factsheet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130919060335/http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Dress%20Designers%20Factsheet.pdf) (PDF) . Historic Royal Palaces (Kensington Palace). Archived from the original (http://www.hrp.org.uk/Resources/Dress%20Designers%20Factsheet.pdf) (PDF) on 19 September 2013 . Retrieved 21 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-alma_4-0) Granik, Darina (2 August 2023). "The Jewish Designers Behind Princess Diana's Most Iconic Looks: Through dresses made by David Sassoon, Victor Edelstein and Jacque Azagury, the People's Princess lives on" (https://www.heyalma.com/the-jewish-designers-behind-princess-dianas-most-iconic-looks/) . HeyAlma . Retrieved 1 December 2023 . ^ a b c d e Glenville, Tony; Fiona Anderson; Emma Damon (1996). "Selected Glossary of British Designers 1947–1997". In Amy de la Haye (ed.). The Cutting edge : 50 years of British fashion, 1947–1997 (1st publ. ed.). London: V & A Publications. p. 203. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1851771948 . ^ a b c Edelstein, Victor. "Edelstein Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130515043247/http://victoredelstein.com/biography.html) . Archived from the original (http://victoredelstein.com/biography.html) on 15 May 2013 . Retrieved 22 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Christie's Review of the Year . Christie, Manson & Woods. 1996. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780903432498 . The highest price of the evening ($222,500, £137,000) was paid for a navy blue velvet Edwardian-inspired dinner dress by London designer Victor Edelstein, who had created the dress for the Princess to attend a state dinner at the White House... ^ (#cite_ref-jones_8-0) Jones, Bryony (19 March 2013). "Dress Princess Diana wore to dance with Travolta auctioned off" (http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/19/world/europe/princess-diana-travolta-dress-auction) . CNN . Retrieved 21 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-wash_9-0) Martin, Judith (8 April 2011). "The portrait of a lady: Judith Martin on sitting for Victor Edelstein" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-portrait-of-a-lady-judith-martin-on-sitting-for-victor-edelstein/2011/03/17/AFWmqSxC_story.html) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 28 July 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://victoredelstein.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/15653474) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/122470621) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c795b44dd‐k2tnk Cached time: 20240717161659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.365 seconds Real time usage: 0.475 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2281/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26751/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1636/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43296/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.241/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6287207/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 448.927 1 -total 30.63% 137.502 1 Template:Reflist 30.13% 135.244 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 18.89% 84.806 3 Template:Cite_web 17.28% 77.577 1 Template:Authority_control 14.43% 64.770 1 Template:Short_description 10.01% 44.917 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.10% 36.359 2 Template:Pagetype 7.76% 34.819 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.07% 31.751 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40034454-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717161659 and revision id 1187817438. 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Swedish fashion designer (born 1941) Gudrun Sjödén in 2013 Gudrun Sjödén (born 5 June 1941) is a Swedish fashion designer. Sjödén grew up in the village of Julita (/w/index.php?title=Julita,_S%C3%B6dermanland&action=edit&redlink=1) in Södermanland (/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland) , and studied textile and fashion at Konstfack (/wiki/Konstfack) from 1958 to 1963. She married photographer Björn Sjödén (1940-2016) in 1961. [1] (#cite_note-1) Along with him she in 1976 opened the first Gudrun Sjödén clothing shop (/wiki/Gudrun_Sj%C3%B6d%C3%A9n_(fashion_label)) in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) at Regeringsgatan. [2] (#cite_note-2) The company has about one hundred employees and earns a quarter of a billion (SEK) a year. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2007, she received the Litteris et Artibus (/wiki/Litteris_et_Artibus) medal from King Carl Gustaf of Sweden (/wiki/King_Carl_Gustaf_of_Sweden) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Obituary Björn Sjödén" (https://www.familjesidan.se/system/funeral_notices/pdfs/000/732/950/original/1513924-1.pdf) (PDF) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220205034925/https://www.familjesidan.se/system/funeral_notices/pdfs/000/732/950/original/1513924-1.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-05 . Retrieved 2021-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wärn, Karina Ericsson (2012), Modebibeln. Den svenska. Bonnier Fakta, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-91-7424-149-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7424-149-5) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Gudrun Sjödén Design Aktiebolag" (http://www.allabolag.se/5561938233/Gudrun_Sjoden_Design_AB) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150430045101/http://www.allabolag.se/5561938233/Gudrun_Sjoden_Design_AB) from the original on 30 April 2015 . Retrieved 2 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Gudrun Sjödén fick medalj" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072918/http://habit.se/gudrun-sjoden-fick-medalj/) . Habit . Archived from the original (http://habit.se/gudrun-sjoden-fick-medalj/) on 19 September 2016 . Retrieved 2 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Gudrun Sjödén - 40 år i färg och mönster" (https://www.bizstories.se/foretagen/gudrun-sjoden-40-ar-farg-och-monster/) . Bizstories (in Swedish). 2016-03-29. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220518065825/https://www.bizstories.se/foretagen/gudrun-sjoden-40-ar-farg-och-monster/) from the original on 2022-05-18 . Retrieved 2022-05-16 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Gudrun Sjödén (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gudrun_Sj%C3%B6d%C3%A9n) at Wikimedia Commons Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/218018255) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1127263439) Sweden (https://libris.kb.se/75knwd1r5thbxzr) This Swedish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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People employed as haberdashers (/wiki/Haberdasher) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haberdashers (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haberdashers) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐9cjqc Cached time: 20240722002258 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.047 seconds Real time usage: 0.104 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2463/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 293/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 945109/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 96.272 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 96.272 1 -total 97.49% 93.853 1 Template:Sister_project 95.50% 91.939 1 Template:Side_box 5.34% 5.139 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28100766-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722002258 and revision id 1110468519. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. H Haberdashers' Schools (/wiki/Category:Haberdashers%27_Schools) ‎ (4 C, 15 P) W Worshipful Company of Haberdashers (/wiki/Category:Worshipful_Company_of_Haberdashers) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) Pages in category "Haberdashers" The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Haberdasher (/wiki/Haberdasher) A William Adams (haberdasher) (/wiki/William_Adams_(haberdasher)) A. M. Aikin Jr. (/wiki/A._M._Aikin_Jr.) Richard Arnold (chronicler) (/wiki/Richard_Arnold_(chronicler)) Robert Aske (merchant) (/wiki/Robert_Aske_(merchant)) B William Billers (/wiki/William_Billers) C William Cookesbury (/wiki/William_Cookesbury) Roger Crab (/wiki/Roger_Crab) D Dapper Dan (designer) (/wiki/Dapper_Dan_(designer)) Daniel Defoe (/wiki/Daniel_Defoe) E Sir Francis Eyles, 1st Baronet (/wiki/Sir_Francis_Eyles,_1st_Baronet) F John Fowke (/wiki/John_Fowke) G John Garrard (/wiki/John_Garrard) Richard Goldthorpe (/wiki/Richard_Goldthorpe) John Graunt (/wiki/John_Graunt) H Joseph Haspel (/wiki/Joseph_Haspel) Chet Holifield (/wiki/Chet_Holifield) J Wilfred X. Johnson (/wiki/Wilfred_X._Johnson) Francis Jones (Lord Mayor) (/wiki/Francis_Jones_(Lord_Mayor)) William Jones (haberdasher) (/wiki/William_Jones_(haberdasher)) L John Lawrence (lord mayor) (/wiki/John_Lawrence_(lord_mayor)) Thomas Lowe (Lord Mayor) (/wiki/Thomas_Lowe_(Lord_Mayor)) N Arthur Needham (/wiki/Arthur_Needham) George Newnes (/wiki/George_Newnes) R Charles S. Richardson (/wiki/Charles_S._Richardson) Charles Taze Russell (/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell) William Ryder (mayor) (/wiki/William_Ryder_(mayor)) S Gilbert Shakespeare (/wiki/Gilbert_Shakespeare) T Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) W George Whitmore (haberdasher) (/wiki/George_Whitmore_(haberdasher)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Haberdashers&oldid=1110468519 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Haberdashers&oldid=1110468519) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Retailers by type of merchandise sold (/wiki/Category:Retailers_by_type_of_merchandise_sold) Clothing industry (/wiki/Category:Clothing_industry) Clothing retailers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers) Hatmaking (/wiki/Category:Hatmaking) Sales occupations (/wiki/Category:Sales_occupations) Suit makers (/wiki/Category:Suit_makers) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Weaving in Bangladesh The history of the textile arts of Bangladesh dates back to the 1st century AD. According to the archaeological excavations, Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) was once famous for its artistic textile (/wiki/Textile) production throughout the world. Over the years, several types of textiles evolved in the country, mostly by the indigenous handloom manufacturers. History [ edit ] Silver-embroidered muslin The fine, transparent mulmul (/wiki/Mulmul) known as muslin (/wiki/Muslin) in Europe manufactured by the weavers of Bengal was established as a commercial product almost 2000 years ago. Gangetic (/wiki/Gangetic) muslin is referred to by Greek and Roman writers. It is known from their writing that it was the most favored among the luxury goods imported from India. These were known by beautiful poetic names in Rome such as – nebula which means mist, vapor or cloud, and venti textiles, woven winds. Similar names are still used in Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) . The most important commodities were fine cotton and, later, silk. The East India Company (/wiki/East_India_Company) , already well established in Goa (/wiki/Goa) began to cast covetous glances at Bengal in the early 16th century. In 1536 they set up trading posts at Satgaon (/wiki/Satgaon) and Chittagong (/wiki/Chittagong) . In the mid – 17th century the East India company of London was permitted by the Mughal (/wiki/Mughal_Empire) government to establish a few factories (trading posts) (/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)) in Bengal (/wiki/Bengal) . The handloom textile industry employs a large section of the population. About 60 to 65 percent of the demand for textiles in Bangladesh is supplied by the handloom industry. [1] (#cite_note-1) Types [ edit ] Rajshahi silk Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) : Durgadas Lahiri (/w/index.php?title=Durgadas_Lahiri&action=edit&redlink=1) has mentioned in Bharatbarsher Itihas that in 1462 BC most mummies (/wiki/Mummies) of Egypt were covered in muslins. George Birdwood describes muslin "comely as curtain of Solomon" that is older than the code of Manu (/wiki/Code_of_Manu) . The meaning of the word muslin is not clearly known. [2] (#cite_note-2) Tant (/wiki/Tant_sari) : From ancient times only persons from the Tanti caste (/w/index.php?title=Tanti_caste&action=edit&redlink=1) worked on the loom. Weavers generally came into this profession from the Hindu Tanti or Kayastha (/wiki/Kayastha) castes. [3] (#cite_note-3) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) or khaddar has a long history in Bangladesh. In the 6th century a local variation of Khadi cloth was described by Huen Tsang (/wiki/Huen_Tsang) of China (/wiki/China) . Marco Polo (/wiki/Marco_Polo) described a fabric from the Bengal region, probably khadi muslin, calling it as fine as the spider's web. [4] (#cite_note-4) Cotton: Watts and Brown [ who? ] mention that the cotton fabric of Bengal was manufactured in many regions, including Burdwan (/wiki/Burdwan) , Birbhum (/wiki/Birbhum) , and Bankura (/wiki/Bankura) . The muslin of Dhaka was renowned. [5] (#cite_note-5) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) : Silks of Bangladesh include tassar silk (/wiki/Tassar_silk) , muga silk (/wiki/Assam_silk#Muga_silk) and eri silk (/wiki/Eri_silk) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Mixed fabrics: As Islam forbids the use of pure silk garbs in religious ceremonies the artistic use of many mixed fibers was observed in the subcontinent. Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry) silk and cotton mixes are called garbhasuti (/wiki/Garbhasuti) or asmani . Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) : Loom-figured, diversely ornamented muslin is called jamdani . [7] (#cite_note-7) Sari, Lungi and other garments: In rural Bangladesh the word sari and kapor mean the same thing. The sari has always been made in the same form. The word dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) is derived from dhowa ("washing"). The word gamchha (/wiki/Gamchha) is derived from ga mocha (wiping the body). At present the lungi is the most popular wear for men. [8] (#cite_note-8) Tangail (/wiki/Tangail) was known for sari made by the weavers of Bajitpur under the patronage of local zamindars. A central artisan's cooperative society was established in the 1930s to organize the weavers' caste and preserve the Tangail sari tradition. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ahmad, Shamsuddin (2012). "Textiles" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Textiles) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220127091103/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Textiles) from the original on 2022-01-27 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Karim, Abdul (2012). "Muslin" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150705005108/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin) from the original on 2015-07-05 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Faroqi, Gofran (2012). "Tanti" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tanti) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211021145558/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tanti) from the original on 2021-10-21 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cosy Comfort: Khadi" (https://archive.today/20140114223312/http://www.bdnewslive.com/2011/12/cosy-comfort-khadi/) . bdnewslive.com. Archived from the original (http://www.bdnewslive.com/2011/12/cosy-comfort-khadi/) on 2014-01-14 . Retrieved 2014-01-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ali, Md Ibrahim (2012). "Cotton" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Cotton) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231002175155/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Cotton) from the original on 2023-10-02 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Van Schendel, Willem (2012). "Silk" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Silk) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195226/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Silk) from the original on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Banu, Zinat Mahrukh; Reza, Masood (2012). "Jamdani" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jamdani) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231013171533/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jamdani) from the original on 2023-10-13 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Khan, Shawal (2012). "Sari" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sari) . In Islam, Sirajul (/wiki/Sirajul_Islam) ; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231003055215/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sari) from the original on 2023-10-03 . Retrieved 2023-12-06 . Further reading [ edit ] Lala Rukh Selim (2007). Art and Crafts: Series 8 . 8. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Social Dimensions of Economic Reforms in Bangladesh: Proceedings of the National Tripartite Workshop Held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 18-20 May 1993 . International Labour Organization. 1993. pp. 105–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-92-2-108987-2 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . M. Lakshmi Narasaiah (1 January 1999). Crisis of Handloom Industry . Discovery Publishing House. pp. 109–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7141-441-3 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . Shahid Yusuf; Praveen Kumar (1 January 1996). Developing the Nonfarm Sector in Bangladesh: Lessons from Other Asian Countries . World Bank Publications. pp. 52–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8213-3726-4 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . Mahfuz R. Chowdhury (1 January 2004). Economic Exploitation of Bangladesh . iUniverse. pp. 58–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-595-30794-4 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . The End of Textiles Quotas: A Case Study of the Impact on Bangladesh . International Monetary Fund. 1 June 2004. GGKEY:GNRDEL0PRQ5 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . Cornelia Staritz (1 December 2010). Making the Cut?: Low-Income Countries and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and Post-Crisis World . World Bank Publications. pp. 155–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8213-8642-2 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . G. K. Ghosh; Shukla Ghosh (1 January 1995). Indian Textiles: Past and Present . APH Publishing. pp. 53–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7024-706-7 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . Lex Heerma van Voss; Els Hiemstra-Kuperus; Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk (2010). The Ashgate Companion to the History of Textile Workers, 1650-2000 . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 615–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-9591-2 . Retrieved 8 September 2013 . v t e Bengali clothing Clothes Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi kantha (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Baluchari Sari (/wiki/Baluchari_Sari) Dhakai (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhakai Banarasi sari (/wiki/Banarasi_sari) Handloom saree (/wiki/Handloom_saree) Murshidabad silk (/wiki/Murshidabad_silk) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Tant sari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Tussar silk (/wiki/Tussar_silk) Headgear (/wiki/Headgear) Taqiyah (cap) (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Kameez (/wiki/Kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Taaga (/w/index.php?title=Taaga&action=edit&redlink=1) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Footwear Chappal (/wiki/Chappal) Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Stitching and design Batik (/wiki/Batik) Jute (/wiki/Jute) Fabric Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Grameen check (/wiki/Grameen_check) Woodblock printing (/wiki/Woodblock_printing) Others Jute trade (/wiki/Jute_trade) Muslin trade in Bengal (/wiki/Muslin_trade_in_Bengal) Textile arts of Bangladesh Textile industry in Bangladesh (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh) Dhaka Fashion Week (/wiki/Dhaka_Fashion_Week) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4t45m Cached time: 20240712202739 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.338 seconds Real time usage: 0.410 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1263/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51798/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 968/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 63793/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.239/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4581584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 354.615 1 -total 42.62% 151.143 16 Template:Cite_book 37.81% 134.093 1 Template:Reflist 23.48% 83.257 1 Template:Bengali_clothing 22.72% 80.570 1 Template:Navbox 20.69% 73.359 1 Template:More_footnotes 15.10% 53.553 1 Template:Ambox 5.42% 19.211 1 Template:Who 4.63% 16.413 1 Template:Fix 1.87% 6.623 1 Template:Delink Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40439124-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712202739 and revision id 1188562895. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Textile_arts_of_Bangladesh&oldid=1188562895 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Textile_arts_of_Bangladesh&oldid=1188562895) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Textile arts of Bangladesh (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_Bangladesh) Bangladeshi clothing (/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_clothing) Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2013 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_December_2013) All articles lacking in-text citations (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations) All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases) Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_June_2016)
1921 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1921) 1922 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1922) 1923 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1923) 1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) 1925 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1925) 1926 1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) 1928 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928) 1929 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929) 1930 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1930) 1931 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1931) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐tz26q Cached time: 20240718083204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.174 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 166.577 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 166.577 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54510736-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083204 and revision id 974957154. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1926" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Arai Helmet (/wiki/Arai_Helmet) H Haggar Clothing (/wiki/Haggar_Clothing) K KingGee (/wiki/KingGee) M Maganlal Dresswala (/wiki/Maganlal_Dresswala) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926&oldid=974957154 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926&oldid=974957154) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s fashion (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1926 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1926) Manufacturing companies established in 1926 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1926) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
Worn by Chinese children during toilet training Open-crotch pants Chinese boy wearing open-crotch pants at a park in Beijing Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 開襠褲 Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 开裆裤 Literal meaning Open-crotch pants Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) kāidāngkù Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Yale Romanization (/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese) hoi1 dong1 fu3 Open-crotch pants ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 开 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80) 裆 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%86) 裤 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%A4) ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 開襠褲 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kāidāngkù ), also known as open-crotch trousers or split pants , are worn by toddlers (/wiki/Toddler) throughout mainland China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) Often made of thick fabric, they are designed with either an unsewn seam (/wiki/Seam_(sewing)) over the buttocks and crotch or a hole over the central buttocks. Both allow children to urinate (/wiki/Urination) and defecate (/wiki/Defecation) without the pants being lowered. The child simply squats (/wiki/Defecation_postures#Squatting) , or is held by the parent (/wiki/Urination#Young_children) , eliminating the need for diapers (/wiki/Diapers) . The sight of the partially exposed buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) of kaidangku -clad children in public places frequently astonishes foreign visitors, who often photograph them. [2] (#cite_note-Pitt_China_students_book-2) [3] (#cite_note-Broken_Glass_Cake-3) They have been described as being "as much a sign of China as Chairman Mao (/wiki/Mao_Zedong) 's portrait looming over Tiananmen Square (/wiki/Tiananmen_Square) ." [4] (#cite_note-2003_CSM_story-4) In China they are often seen as a relic of the country's rural past, with younger mothers, particularly in cities, preferring to diaper their children instead. However, Western advocates of the elimination communication (/wiki/Elimination_communication) method of toilet training (/wiki/Toilet_training) have pointed to the advantages of their use, specifically that children complete their toilet training more quickly and at an earlier age. Other benefits claimed include the elimination of diaper rash (/wiki/Diaper_rash) and reduction of the environmental problems caused by disposable diapers. Use [ edit ] Toilet training (/wiki/Toilet_training) begins very early in China, sometimes within days of birth and usually no later than a month. [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) Frequently babies are held closely by parents, grandparents or other extended family (/wiki/Extended_family) members caring for them, sensitive to when they need to relieve themselves. [6] (#cite_note-Mary_Exton_paper-6) A child who appears ready to urinate or defecate is held over the toilet or any other receptacle available if a commode cannot be reached in time. The adult makes a high-pitched soft whistle while holding the child in a bǎ ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 把 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8A%8A) ), or bunched-up position, a term sometimes used for the whole process, imitating the sound of running water or urine, to get the child to relax the appropriate muscles. [7] (#cite_note-Red_China_Blues-7) [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) Open-crotch pants for 3- to 6-month-olds, for sale in Haikou (/wiki/Haikou) Open-crotch pants are worn when the child is first taken out of the house. Mostly male children wear them; girls (and occasionally some boys) are put in infant-size sundresses (/wiki/Sundress) . [2] (#cite_note-Pitt_China_students_book-2) Their use continues even after wearers have gained some control over their bodily functions, since they may not have yet gained the stature or motor skills (/wiki/Motor_skill) necessary to use a toilet. Instead, when outdoors, they use a wastebasket or large potted plant. If neither of those is available, caretakers often let the children use the sidewalk or any other available uncovered surface and clean it up themselves afterwards. [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) History [ edit ] In 2003 The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) described open-crotch pants as having been in use in China for "decades". [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) Seven years earlier, in her memoir Red China Blues (/wiki/Red_China_Blues) , Chinese Canadian (/wiki/Chinese_Canadian) journalist Jan Wong (/wiki/Jan_Wong) speculates that their use evolved from chronic shortages of cloth, soap and water. While those items were in short supply, "people weren't" she wrote. "Someone was always available to ba a Chinese baby." [7] (#cite_note-Red_China_Blues-7) Their use continued during the 20th century as China modernized in other ways. During the later years of Mao Zedong (/wiki/Mao_Zedong) 's rule, brightly colored kaidangku on the streets of Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) offered a sharp contrast to the austere blue and gray tones of adult clothing prescribed by the Cultural Revolution (/wiki/Cultural_Revolution) . [8] (#cite_note-China_Daily_story-8) Even after the economic liberalizations (/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform) promoted by Deng Xiaoping (/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping) in the subsequent decades and the ensuing introduction of more Western culture and ideas, they remained in use for the vast majority of children in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) . [9] (#cite_note-Ten_Types_of_Innovation-9) When Wong, then a Chinese correspondent for Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) 's The Globe and Mail (/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail) , bore a son in Beijing in 1990, only one hotel in the city sold disposable diapers. Since they charged US$1 apiece, she decided to toilet-train him the traditional Chinese way. [7] (#cite_note-Red_China_Blues-7) Western manufacturers of consumer products (/wiki/Consumer_product) , including disposable diapers (/wiki/Disposable_diapers) , continued to push for entry into the vast Chinese market. In 1998 the American company Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) was able to introduce its popular Pampers (/wiki/Pampers) brand to China; competitors soon followed. [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) However, Chinese parents at first saw no reason to abandon kaidangku for diapers, and the company struggled to gain market share. After re-engineering its diapers to be softer and selling them at a lower price than it offered them for in the U.S., P&G launched its "Golden Sleep" campaign in 2007 [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) suggested by its market research (/wiki/Market_research) , with advertisements claiming that babies slept better in diapers, which could in turn be better for their cognitive development (/wiki/Cognitive_development) . [10] (#cite_note-CBS_Moneywatch_story-10) Even before that, attitudes had begun to change. Within five years of Pampers' introduction, about $200 million in disposable diapers were being sold in China annually, and many manufacturers reported their sales were growing by double-digit percentages. One of the foreign manufacturers, Japan's Unicharm (/wiki/Unicharm) , said in 2002 that its MamyPoko brand was so popular it was planning to build a plant in China to make them. The shift in attitudes had drastically reduced the use of open-crotch pants—upscale retailers no longer carried them, and Chinese parenting magazines depicted babies wearing diapers exclusively. [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) Attitudes among Chinese had changed, as well. Mothers the Times talked to in 2003 dismissed kaidangku as out of step with the values of China's growing middle class. "Split pants? That's so old-fashioned!" one Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) woman said. "It's not hygienic. It's bad for the environment. Only poor people who live on farms wear them." [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) A Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) woman quoted in China Daily (/wiki/China_Daily) a year later agreed, calling them "uncivilized". People who could afford to buy diapers for their children did so, she asserted, and a Beijing post-natal care (/wiki/Postpartum_period) center advised mothers to use diapers no matter what the cost. [8] (#cite_note-China_Daily_story-8) Zhao Zhongxin, an education professor at Beijing Normal University (/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University) , said open-crotch pants had become an indicator of socioeconomic status (/wiki/Socioeconomic_status) in the new China. "Children in the cities do not wear kaidangku anymore. But children in the countryside still do," he told China Daily . "This is the difference between the minds and living conditions of rural people and urban people," who, the paper added, might also be more mindful of city-government campaigns for cleaner public spaces overall, especially prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics) in Beijing, which included exhortations to parents to diaper their children at least for the duration of the Games. [11] (#cite_note-Olympics_campaign-11) A spokeswoman for domestic diaper maker Goodbaby admitted to the newspaper that it was harder to overcome resistance to diaper use outside cities. "Some people, especially farmers, may think they are too wasteful." [8] (#cite_note-China_Daily_story-8) A boy wearing both diapers and kaidangku Other mothers used both open-crotch pants and diapers depending on the situation. [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) In 2003 the Times reported that they were still frequently seen on hot days in Shanghai, although they were no longer ubiquitous in those conditions. A Zhejiang (/wiki/Zhejiang) woman who ran a fruit stand in the city told the newspaper that she dressed her son in them only in that weather, since it was more comfortable for him and reduced the risk of diaper rash (/wiki/Diaper_rash) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT_2003_story-1) And one Beijing mother whom China Daily spoke to while she watched her kaidangku -clad son at a Beijing playground dismissed opposition to the pants. "Even if people don't think it looks good, that's a minority opinion," she said. "This is a Chinese tradition." [8] (#cite_note-China_Daily_story-8) By the end of the decade Pampers had become the top-selling diaper brand in China. Foreign and domestic observers alike confidently predicted the demise of kaidangku . In 2010 Brandchannel called them "a fading memory." [12] (#cite_note-Brandchannel_story-12) Yet reports from China early in the next decade suggested their use continued. [4] (#cite_note-2003_CSM_story-4) [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) Advantages and disadvantages [ edit ] Despite the increasing prevalence of diaper use, which became a $3-billion industry in the country by 2010, [4] (#cite_note-2003_CSM_story-4) enough Chinese parents still use open-crotch pants, or consider doing so, for parenting websites in that language to list their benefits and detriments to better help parents make an informed decision. Among the former are that their use offsets the infant's inability to communicate, eliminates the need for scheduled toileting times and greatly reduces the need to wash soiled clothing. [13] (#cite_note-Chinese_baby_Classroom-13) Most frequently cited is the ability to begin and finish toilet training earlier. It is not uncommon for infants in kaidangku to begin being toilet trained before their first birthday and be fully trained around that milestone or shortly afterwards, before most of their Western counterparts have even begun. During a 1981 visit to a Beijing preschool, Fox Butterfield (/wiki/Fox_Butterfield) , then a Chinese correspondent for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , reported that he expressed skepticism from his own contemporaneous parenting experience over the possibility that children that young could be successfully toilet trained, only to have it immediately dispelled by a 14-month-old girl's timely use of the spittoon (/wiki/Spittoon) provided for her. [14] (#cite_note-1981_NYT_story-14) However, parents are cautioned that kaidangku can be dirtier, leading to a higher risk of problems like urethritis (/wiki/Urethritis) , cystitis (/wiki/Cystitis) and other complications of urinary tract infections (/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection) . Children in them are also believed to face a higher risk of frostbite (/wiki/Frostbite) in winter, and 163.com (/wiki/163.com) warns that boys with easy access to their exposed genitals "can easily develop bad habits." [13] (#cite_note-Chinese_baby_Classroom-13) Goodbaby, the Shanghai-based diaper maker, lists some other problems with open-crotch pants on its website. In addition to the medical, sanitary and environmental drawbacks, it says that they show no respect for the child's privacy and that he may in the future be embarrassed by photographs of himself wearing them, particularly as they become less common. While it admits that kaidangku use results merely from different cultural values and not ignorance, it counsels, "we must admit foreign practices are more rigorous and show more respect for the child." [15] (#cite_note-Goodbaby_site-15) Wong (/wiki/Jan_Wong) , in her memoir, describes another negative side effect. In the early 1990s, she reported on China's leading penis-enlargement (/wiki/Penis_enlargement) surgeon. Many of his patients were men who, as children on farms, suffered serious injury to their organs when they squatted in their open-crotch pants in areas where dogs or pigs ate their own feces (/wiki/Feces) and the animals bit the boys' penises in the confusion. Some had never married because of the injury. "China desperately needed a Pampers (/wiki/Pampers) factory, or at least a dog-food industry," she wrote. [16] (#cite_note-Wong_505-16) Lastly, in his 1996 memoir The Attic , artist Guanlong Cao recalls an incidental benefit of kaidangku to his parents: When [my sister] Chuen was three years old, she still wore open-crotch pants that revealed two banana-shaped slices of her bottom. She liked to climb the wooden ladder that leaned against the south window. The slanted roof outside the window was a constant temptation to her. But she was only allowed to climb three steps, poke her head outside, and sneak a peek at the world. As soon as her little foot moved toward the fourth rung of the ladder, a slap on the bottom (/wiki/Spanking) was guaranteed. In addition to the hygienic convenience, I presume this was another technical advantage of the classic open-crotch pants. [17] (#cite_note-The_Attic-17) Use in West [ edit ] As Chinese parents were migrating from kaidangku to diapers, some Western parents were going in the opposite direction, concerned about the environmental impact of used disposable diapers and the health effects on the child. In her 2006 book Diaper Free , Ingrid Bauer bemoaned the marketing success of diaper manufacturers in China. "The traditional kaidangku have rapidly disappeared from the major cities in the last half-decade and are rapidly being replaced by diapers ... Aggressive advertisers create an impression that consumer products are vastly superior to what mothers have practiced for eons and urge parents to buy what they can barely afford," she wrote. [18] (#cite_note-Diaper_Free-18) Around that same time, inspired by the Chinese example, parents in the U.S. and other Western countries began forming "diaper-free" support groups (/wiki/Support_group) and practicing elimination communication (/wiki/Elimination_communication) toilet training on younger babies, using the ba whistling sound to incite urination. Some that The New York Times talked to in 2005 suggested they had gone to that city's Chinatown (/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan) to purchase open-crotch pants for their own children. [19] (#cite_note-2005_NYT_story-19) Western parents working in China also saw the use of kaidangku up close, and in some cases decided to emulate Chinese methods in toilet training their own children. [5] (#cite_note-CSM_story-5) See also [ edit ] China portal (/wiki/Portal:China) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Infant clothing (/wiki/Infant_clothing) Swaddling (/wiki/Swaddling) , a type of infant clothing once dismissed as old-fashioned but increasingly used References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Chen, David (August 5, 2003). "Shanghai Journal; A New Policy of Containment, for Baby Bottoms" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/05/world/shanghai-journal-a-new-policy-of-containment-for-baby-bottoms.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ a b Arenth, Christina (2007). "The No-Diaper System". In Tang, Wenfang (ed.). 美国大学生看中国 [ Pitt in China: A Cultural Perspective by American College Students ]. China Intercontinental Press. pp. 53–56. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9787508512044 . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Broken_Glass_Cake_3-0) Kennedy, Meredith (2011). Broken Glass Cake: Adventures off the Beaten Path . Strategic Book Publishing. p. 256. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781612043227 . Retrieved August 18, 2014 . We came across one little boy at the Summer Palace in Beijing who apparently had no need of any toilets. His pants were made with a perfectly open crotch, allowing him to be the natural creature God created, anytime, anywhere. The only thing cuter than this little guy innocently mooning everyone was the dozen or so giggling choir members running after him with their camera poised for a good shot. ^ a b c Bruno, Debra (November 29, 2012). "Disposable diapers or bare bottoms? China frets over potty training" (http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2012/1129/Disposable-diapers-or-bare-bottoms-China-frets-over-potty-training) . The Christian Science Monitor (/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor) . Retrieved August 15, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f g Bruno, Debra (November 23, 2012). "Potty training Chinese style: With a diaper-free child, look for potted plants" (http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Family/2012/1123/Potty-training-Chinese-style-With-a-diaper-free-child-look-for-potted-plants) . The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mary_Exton_paper_6-0) Exton, Mary. "The Cultural Conflict Over Toilet Training" (http://jupiter.plymouth.edu/~megp/webct/culturalconflict.htm) . Plymouth State University (/wiki/Plymouth_State_University) . Retrieved August 15, 2014 . ^ a b c Wong, Jan (/wiki/Jan_Wong) (2011). Red China Blues: My Long March From Mao to Now . Doubleday Canada. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780385674362 . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ a b c d " (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-07/16/content_349150.htm) 'Open-crotch pants' make way for disposable diapers" (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-07/16/content_349150.htm) . China Daily (/wiki/China_Daily) . July 16, 2004 . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ten_Types_of_Innovation_9-0) Keeley, Larry; Walters, Helen; Pikkel, Ira; Quinn, Brian (2013). Ten Types of Innovation: The Discipline of Building Breakthroughs . John Wiley & Sons. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781118571415 . Retrieved August 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-CBS_Moneywatch_story_10-0) Frazier, Mya (January 11, 2010). "How P&G Brought the Diaper Revolution to China" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-pg-brought-the-diaper-revolution-to-china/) . CBS MoneyWatch (/wiki/CBS_MoneyWatch) . Retrieved August 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Olympics_campaign_11-0) Ayar, Pallavi (August 8, 2008). "Miss Manners meets the average Zhou" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091012084513/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JH08Ad01.html) . Asia Times (/wiki/Asia_Times) . Archived from the original on October 12, 2009 . Retrieved August 26, 2014 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Brandchannel_story_12-0) Shayon, Sheila (April 28, 2010). "Bottoms Up: Pampers Takes on China" (http://www.brandchannel.com/home/post/2010/04/28/Pampers-Takes-on-China.aspx) . Brandchannel . Retrieved August 16, 2014 . ^ a b "Baby Classroom" (http://baby.163.com/special/00262IED/split_pants.html) . 163.com (in Chinese). NetEase (/wiki/NetEase) . 1997–2008 . Retrieved August 16, 2014 . 此外，女宝宝外阴部由于生理的原因和开裆裤的暴露性容易被感染，患上尿道炎、膀胱炎、泌尿系统感染，男宝宝容易玩弄生殖器而养成不良习惯。 ^ (#cite_ref-1981_NYT_story_14-0) Butterfield, Fox (/wiki/Fox_Butterfield) (January 5, 1981). "How China Raises its Well-behaved Children" (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/05/style/how-china-raises-its-well-behaved-children.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 17, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Goodbaby_site_15-0) 穿开裆裤的宝宝伤不起 [Your child cannot afford the harm of open-crotch pants] (in Chinese). Goodbaby. 1997–2011 . Retrieved August 16, 2014 . 但不得不承认国外的做法更严谨更尊重孩子。 ^ (#cite_ref-Wong_505_16-0) Wong, 505 (https://books.google.com/books?id=NnEPOZPLyakC&pg=PT505) . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Attic_17-0) Cao, Guanlong (1996). The Attic: Memoir of a Chinese Landlord's Son . University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) . pp. 49–50. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520917446 . Retrieved August 18, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Diaper_Free_18-0) Bauer, Ingrid (2006). Diaper Free: The Gentle Wisdom of Natural Infant Hygiene . Penguin. p. 75. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781440649592 . Retrieved August 18, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2005_NYT_story_19-0) Kelley, Tina (October 9, 2005). "A Fast Track to Toilet Training for Those at the Crawling Stage" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/09/nyregion/09diapers.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 18, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Open-crotch pants (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Open-crotch_pants) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jftpp Cached time: 20240719052654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.386 seconds Real time usage: 0.485 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1657/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50564/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1482/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 83078/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.267/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14398644/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 431.335 1 -total 37.34% 161.055 1 Template:Reflist 33.15% 142.979 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese 22.64% 97.635 9 Template:Cite_news 13.13% 56.641 1 Template:Short_description 7.39% 31.854 2 Template:Pagetype 6.75% 29.129 6 Template:Cite_book 6.02% 25.960 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 5.71% 24.609 1 Template:Sister-inline 4.23% 18.238 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35468052-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719052654 and revision id 1197722004. 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Indian retail clothing chain This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( October 2023 ) Monte Carlo Fashions Limited (MCFL) Industry Clothing Founded 1984 ; 40 years ago ( 1984 ) Founders Shri. Jawahar Lal Oswal Jain Headquarters Ludhiana, Punjab (/wiki/Ludhiana,_Punjab) , India (/wiki/India) Number of locations 1,500 stores Products Apparel, Athleisure, Home Textiles, Accessories etc Website montecarlo.in (https://www.montecarlo.in) Monte Carlo Flagship Retail Store - Ludhiana, India (Retail counter) Monte Carlo Fashions Limited , doing business as Monte Carlo , is an Indian retail clothing chain (/wiki/Clothing_chain) . It specialises in fast fashion, and sells clothing, accessories, shoes. [1] (#cite_note-GOOGLEFIN-1) Monte Carlo Fashions limited is selling its apparel products under the brand name of Monte Carlo [2] (#cite_note-TTC-2) [3] (#cite_note-TT-3) [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) which was established in 1984 [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) by Oswal Woollen Mills Limited [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) and is owned by parent company Nahar Group [7] (#cite_note-TI-7) based in Ludhiana (/wiki/Ludhiana) , Punjab (/wiki/Punjab) . Jawahar Lal Oswal Jain is the chairman and managing director of the company. [ citation needed ] As of 2004 the company had two manufacturing units in Jalandhar and over 1,450 employees. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) In the year 2006, they had 23 stores. [8] (#cite_note-TIN-8) In 2009, the 100th store [9] (#cite_note-IE-9) was opened in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) . As of March 2014, there were 191 [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) ‘Monte Carlo has 200 Exclusive Brand Outlets’ in India and two are in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) & Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) respectively and over 1,300 [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) multi brand outlets across India. History [ edit ] 1940–1990s [ edit ] 1949 Oswal Woolen Mills (OWM) Ltd., the flagship company of Nahar group founded the operations in Ludhiana. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) 1984 Launch of ‘Monte Carlo’ brand with products in hosiery and woollens by Oswal Woolen Mills Ltd. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) [2] (#cite_note-TTC-2) [3] (#cite_note-TT-3) [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) 2000s [ edit ] 2002 Monte Carlo became an all-season brand [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) 2004 Launch of ‘Luxuria’, a premium collection. [2] (#cite_note-TTC-2) [3] (#cite_note-TT-3) [12] (#cite_note-12) 2005 Opening of first exclusive retail (/wiki/Retail) showroom (/wiki/Showroom) with array of products. [13] (#cite_note-13) [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) 2008 Incorporation of Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd. [14] (#cite_note-14) 2009 Launch of ‘Alpha’, a sub-brand designed only for women. [15] (#cite_note-15) [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) In October, opening of 100th showroom. [16] (#cite_note-16) [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) 2011 Demerger from parent company. [17] (#cite_note-17) 2012 Investment by Samara Capital. [2] (#cite_note-TTC-2) [3] (#cite_note-TT-3) Started exclusive Women’s apparel (/wiki/Apparel) brand ‘Alpha’. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) 2013 Launch of ‘Tweens’, sub-brand for kids. Incorporation of Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd. [18] (#cite_note-18) Started menswear (/wiki/Menswear) brand ‘Platine’. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) 2014 Opening of 200th exclusive showroom. [4] (#cite_note-DU-4) Started in-house manufacturing for cotton-wear. [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) Monte Carlo announced IPO. [19] (#cite_note-19) 2015 MCFL got listed on Indian stock exchange. [20] (#cite_note-SOOGSLEFIN-20) Company clocked revenue of Rs. 500 crore. [21] (#cite_note-21) 2017 Launched ‘Rock It’ fitness fashion brand. [22] (#cite_note-22) 2018 For the financial year 2018-19, MCFL reported profit of Rs 60 crore ($8.7 million) with revenue of Rs 656 crore. 2021 In September 2021, Opening of 300th exclusive showroom. MCFL incorporates a new wholly owned subsidiary of the company, Monte Carlo Home Textiles Limited. [20] (#cite_note-SOOGSLEFIN-20) Design & Technology [ edit ] MCFL has been investing in research and development activities, had imported machines from Japan (/wiki/Japan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , UK (/wiki/UK) and Germany (/wiki/Germany) . [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Company has implemented SAP HANA (/wiki/SAP_HANA) with SAP (/wiki/SAP) (Customer Activity Repository), a latest version of SAP ERP with Artificial Intelligence (/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence) and Machine Learning (/wiki/Machine_Learning) in vendor invoice management and dashboards (/wiki/Dashboards) in SAC (SAP Analytics Cloud) for consumer behaviour (/wiki/Consumer_behaviour) and product trend in the market. [25] (#cite_note-25) Manufacturing [ edit ] MCFL has two manufacturing facilities in Ludhiana (/wiki/Ludhiana) , for woollen and cotton apparel products. The manufacturing facilities include facilities for product development (/wiki/Product_development) , a design studio (/wiki/Design_studio) and sampling infrastructure. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2014, MCFL commenced in-house manufacturing of some of its cotton t-shirts and thermals. [20] (#cite_note-SOOGSLEFIN-20) Training [ edit ] Welfare of vendors and employees is a major part of MCFL’s point of difference, employees are provided specialized trainings to improve skills. [28] (#cite_note-28) Retail Presence [ edit ] Monte Carlo flagship store and garment factory situated on Ludhiana highway, 100-meter-long facade can be seen in the picture As of FY 23, MCFL has 356 Exclusive Brand Outlets (EBO) in India. In FY 22, the company had opened 47 new outlets. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Products Segments [ edit ] MCFL have in-house design team of 26+ designers, that designs more than 900 SKUs each month ranging from Jackets, Jumpers, Pullovers, Jerseys, Basic Polos, Crews, Veers and polyfill Jackets, Socks collection, Multi-Utility Jacket for Travelers, Sweacket - a amalgamation of the conventional style of sweatshirts and jackets, and convertible coats [5] (#cite_note-SEBI-5) Cotton – covers 56% of products ranging from Shirts, T-shirts, trousers, tracksuits, jackets, sweatshirts, shorts, track pants and denims Woollen – covers 24% of products ranging from Sweaters, pullovers, thermals, coats, blazers, cardigans and woollen accessories. Home Textile – covers 12% of products ranging from Mink blankets, bedsheets, and quilts. Kids – covers 8% of all products ranging from sweaters, pullovers, thermals, coats, blazers, cardigans and woolen accessories. Accessories – Company manufactures accessories like socks, mufflers, caps etc. 3-year CAGR of 28.73% Brands [ edit ] MCFL has introduced different ranges for different segments in the apparel industry (/wiki/Apparel_industry) under the umbrella brand (/wiki/Umbrella_brand) ‘Monte Carlo’. [31] (#cite_note-31) Inside view of the flagship store of Monte Carlo in Ludhiana, India Monte Carlo: A mid-premium and premium range of brand, known for quality & wide variety in area of its operations. The brand’s winter wear is developed from pure wool such as Australian Merino Wool certified with the Woolmark (/wiki/Woolmark) , a stamp for quality approved by the International Wool Secretariat (/wiki/International_Wool_Secretariat) . The brand is popular for its bright colors, bold patterns, stylish finish and ultra-modern looks. [32] (#cite_note-32) Luxuria: A mid-premium/ premium range focusing on premium quality fabrics and high-end designs. [33] (#cite_note-33) The range is inspired from the latest fashion trends (/wiki/Fashion_trends) across the world, the collection features exclusive limited-edition apparels. The collection targets preferences of elite and affluent (/wiki/Affluent) customers in India. [34] (#cite_note-34) Denim (/wiki/Denim) : A mid-premium and premium, exclusive range for denim apparel offers Denim Trousers (Jeans) and Shirts. Alpha: The range for women. Tweens: The exclusive range for kids. Cloak & Decker: Men’s wear with sweaters and cardigans. Platine: Premium range for men. Rock It: A sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) brand, Andre Russell is the brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) offers tank, polo, T-shirt, shorts, track pants. [6] (#cite_note-SBH-6) [20] (#cite_note-SOOGSLEFIN-20) Brand Endorsements [ edit ] MCFL has been a steppingstone for several leading models and TV personalities to develop their careers in the fashion and entertainment industries. Some renowned names include leading cricketers/ models turned actors/models Raveena Tandon (/wiki/Raveena_Tandon) , Andre Russell (/wiki/Andre_Russell) , Arjun Rampal (/wiki/Arjun_Rampal) , Aryan Vaid (/wiki/Aryan_Vaid) , Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) , Meghna Reddy, Himanshu Malik (/wiki/Himanshu_Malik) , Mallika Sherawat (/wiki/Mallika_Sherawat) , Shawar Ali (/wiki/Shawar_Ali) and Nandana Sen (/wiki/Nandana_Sen) . [35] (#cite_note-35) MCFL has also played a leading role as the clothing partner in highly successful bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) movies such as Barfi! (/wiki/Barfi!) , Student of the Year (/wiki/Student_of_the_Year) , Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (/wiki/Bhaag_Milkha_Bhaag) and Mary Kom (film) (/wiki/Mary_Kom_(film)) . [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-GOOGLEFIN_1-0) "Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd (BOM:538836)" (https://www.google.com/finance/?cid=243405394891099) . Google Finance (/wiki/Google_Finance) . ^ a b c d "Sale of woollens at peak" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051202/ldh1.htm) . The Tribune (Chandigarh) (/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)) . December 2, 2005 . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ a b c d "Ludhiana knits' cosy-tale" (http://www.textilescommittee.gov.in/sites/default/files/10.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ a b c d e f "Successful Adjustment in Indian Industry: the Case of Ludhiana's Woolen Knitwear Cluster" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150208032347/http://time.dufe.edu.cn/wencong/clusterstudy/n3edc335dda851.pdf) (PDF) . Dongbei University of Finance and Economics (/wiki/Dongbei_University_of_Finance_and_Economics) . Archived from the original (http://time.dufe.edu.cn/wencong/clusterstudy/n3edc335dda851.pdf) (PDF) on February 8, 2015 . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Securities and Exchange Board of India" (http://www.sebi.gov.in/cms/sebi_data/attachdocs/1405331158947.pdf) (PDF) . Securities and Exchange Board of India (/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India) . July 9, 2014 . Retrieved January 5, 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g "Superbrands Consumer 1st Edition 2004" (http://www.superbrandsindia.com/images/brand_pdf/consumer_1st_edition_2004/monte-carlo/) . Superbrands (/wiki/Superbrands) . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-TI_7-0) "Oswal enters garments market" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010328/biz.htm#9) . The Tribune (Chandigarh) (/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)) . March 27, 2001 . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-TIN_8-0) "Monte Carlo plans expansion" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061103/ldh1.htm#10) . The Tribune (Chandigarh) (/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)) . November 2, 2006 . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-IE_9-0) "OWM celebrates 100th store's opening" (http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/owm-celebrates-100th-store-s-opening/531765/) . The Indian Express (/wiki/The_Indian_Express) . October 22, 2009 . Retrieved February 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "More than Sweaters: Rishabh Oswal" (https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/retail-wholesale/rishabh-oswal/) . CEO Magazine . theceomagazine.com. September 20, 2021 . Retrieved 23 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "BSE INDIA" (https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/monte-carlo-fashions-ltd/montecarlo/538836/corporate-governance/) . bseindia.in . BSE India . Retrieved 26 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd, Executive Director, Sandeep Jain In Talk With Zee Business" (https://www.zeebiz.com/market-news/video-gallery-news-par-views-monte-carlo-fashions-ltd-executive-director-sandeep-jain-in-talk-with-zee-business-209967) . zeebiz.com . Zee Business. November 28, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "BSE INDIA" (https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/monte-carlo-fashions-ltd/montecarlo/538836/corporate-governance/) . bseindia.in . BSE India . Retrieved 26 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . Angelone.in . Angel One. December 1, 2014 . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ a b c d "Monte Carlo Fashions IPO Note" (https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/MonteCarlo_IPONote_011214.pdf) (PDF) . AngelOne.in. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "BSE INDIA" (https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/monte-carlo-fashions-ltd/montecarlo/538836/corporate-governance/) . bseindia.in . BSE India . Retrieved 26 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Monte Carlo signs Andre Russell as brand ambassador for Rock It" (https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Monte-carlo-signs-andre-russell-as-brand-ambassador-for-rock-it,1107075.html#courr%C3%A8ges) . in.fashionnetwork.com . Fashion Network . Retrieved 7 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Monte Carlo Fashion shares zoom 14% after March quarter profit jumps 56%" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/monte-carlo-fashion-shares-zoom-14-after-march-quarter-profit-jumps-56/articleshow/100620668.cms?from=mdr) . EconomicTimes . economictimes.indiatimes.com. May 30, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Monte Carlo posts Q1FY24 revenue growth of approx 20% on-year" (https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-monte-carlo-posts-q1fy24-revenue-growth-of-approx-20-on-year-opens-11-ebos-during-quarter-3170630/) . FinancialExpress . financialexpress.com. July 14, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Monte Carlo to open 45-50 exclusive brand outlets in FY24, CFO sees good growth" (https://cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/strategy-operations/monte-carlos-to-open-45-50-exclusive-brand-outlets-in-fy24-cfo-sees-good-growth-prospects/99728068) . EconomicTimes . cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com. April 24, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Monte Carlo to open 45-50 exclusive brand outlets in FY24, CFO sees good growth" (https://cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/strategy-operations/monte-carlos-to-open-45-50-exclusive-brand-outlets-in-fy24-cfo-sees-good-growth-prospects/99728068) . ETCFO.com . cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com. April 24, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Monte Carlo experiences robust summer season bookings" (https://www.cnbctv18.com/earnings/monte-carlo-robust-summer-season-bookings-plans-store-openings-in-fy24-17466001.htm) . CNBCTV18 . cnbctv18.com. Aug 8, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "More than Sweaters: Rishabh Oswal" (https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/retail-wholesale/rishabh-oswal/) . CEO Magazine . theceomagazine.com. September 20, 2021 . Retrieved 23 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Monte Carlo to open 45-50 exclusive brand outlets in FY24, CFO sees good growth" (https://cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/strategy-operations/monte-carlos-to-open-45-50-exclusive-brand-outlets-in-fy24-cfo-sees-good-growth-prospects/99728068) . ETCFO.com . cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com. April 24, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Monte Carlo Consolidated June 2023 Net Sales at Rs 138.77 crore, up 22.95% Y-o-Y" (https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings/monte-carlo-consolidated-june-2023-net-sales-at-rs-138-77-crore-up-22-95-y-o-y-11121101.html) . MoneyControl.com . moneycontrol.com. Aug 8, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Both private companies who control a good portion of Monte Carlo Fashions Limited (NSE:MONTECARLO) along with institutions must be dismayed after last week's 11% decrease" (https://simplywall.st/stocks/in/consumer-durables/nse-montecarlo/monte-carlo-fashions-shares/news/both-private-companies-who-control-a-good-portion-of-monte-c) . Simply Wall St . simplywall.st/. November 14, 2023 . Retrieved 14 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Monte Carlo Q4FY23 profit surges 55.3% at Rs 19.82 crore, revenue up 45.7%" (https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-monte-carlo-q4fy23-profit-surges-55-3-at-rs-1982-crore-revenue-up-457-3106684/) . Financial Express . financialexpress.com. March 29, 2023 . Retrieved 14 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Monte Carlo Fashions incorporates wholly-owned subsidiary 'Monte Carlo Home Textiles' (https://www.dfupublications.com/news/brand/monte-carlo-fashions-incorporates-wholly-owned-subsidiary-monte-carlo-home-textiles) " (https://www.dfupublications.com/news/brand/monte-carlo-fashions-incorporates-wholly-owned-subsidiary-monte-carlo-home-textiles) . DFU Publications . dfupublications.com. December 6, 2021 . Retrieved 11 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Monte Carlo signs Andre Russell as brand ambassador for Rock It" (https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Monte-carlo-signs-andre-russell-as-brand-ambassador-for-rock-it,1107075.html#courr%C3%A8ges) . Fashion Network . in.fashionnetwork.com. June 7, 2019 . Retrieved 11 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Monte Carlo Home ropes in Raveena Tandon as brand ambassador" (https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/monte-carlo-home-ropes-in-raveena-tandon-as-brand-ambassador/104520517#:~:text=Monte%20Carlo%20has%20tapped%20into,the%20brand%20press%20release%20states) . EconomicTimes . indiatimes.com . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Monte Carlo Home ropes in Raveena Tandon as brand ambassador" (https://www.adgully.com/monte-carlo-home-ropes-in-raveena-tandon-as-the-brand-ambassador-137885.html) . Adgully . adgully.com . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Monte Carlo Home ropes in Raveena Tandon as brand ambassador" (https://www.medianews4u.com/monte-carlo-home-ropes-in-actor-raveena-tandon-as-brand-ambassador-for-new-vertical/) . Medianews4u . medianews4u.com . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Monte Carlo celebrates Barfi" (http://mumbaisplash.com/2012/09/monte-carlo-celebrates-barfi-hosted.html) . Mumbaisplash . mumbaisplash.com . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Monte Carlo signs Andre Russell as brand ambassador for Rock It" (https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Monte-carlo-signs-andre-russell-as-brand-ambassador-for-rock-it,1107075.html#courr%C3%A8ges) . FashionNetwork . fashionnetwork.com . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . 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Flat clothing collar Maude Adams as Peter Pan, wearing the eponymous collar. Traditional Lithuanian dress with Peter Pan collars. A Peter Pan collar is a style of clothing collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) , flat in design with rounded corners. It is named after the collar of Maude Adams (/wiki/Maude_Adams) 's costume in her 1905 role as Peter Pan (/wiki/Peter_Pan) , although similar styles had been worn before this date. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) Style [ edit ] The Peter Pan collar is a form of flat collar, one of the three basic collar types along with stand and roll collars. [2] (#cite_note-gcse-2) It is cut to fit around the neckline, following the curve, and to lie flat upon the torso. It can be made either as one part, with a front-fastening bodice, or in two parts to accommodate a back fastening while retaining the front opening. [2] (#cite_note-gcse-2) The collar is small and soft, with rounded corners. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Although regularly part of women's fashion since the 1900s, including a popular wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) detail in the mid-20th century, the collar has been mainly associated with children's wear since the 1920s. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) [2] (#cite_note-gcse-2) Origins [ edit ] The collar that gave the style its name was designed by John White Alexander (/wiki/John_White_Alexander) and his wife in collaboration with Maude Adams for the 1905 production of Peter and Wendy (/wiki/Peter_and_Wendy) in New York. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) [5] (#cite_note-5) Neither J. M. Barrie (/wiki/J._M._Barrie) 's book or play (which described Peter as wearing cobwebs (/wiki/Cobweb) and leaves), nor the original 1904 London production starring Nina Boucicault (/wiki/Nina_Boucicault) (in a cape (/wiki/Cape) ), had featured a similar design. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) Even though subsequent Peter Pans did not wear the collar, Adams's collar proved a fashion success in the United States and United Kingdom and retained its association with her role. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) The Peter Pan collar has similarities to a number of earlier designs, particularly the col Claudine or Claudine collar from Paris, a round collar worn with a check scarf. The Claudine collar was named after the title character of Colette (/wiki/Colette) 's 1900 novel Claudine à l'école (/wiki/Claudine_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9cole) , who was described as wearing it. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) [6] (#cite_note-claudinet-6) Claudine inspired a range of accessories bearing her name, including the claudinet , a "round collar" for women and children and perfumes. [6] (#cite_note-claudinet-6) Other parallels, also named after fictional characters, have been drawn to the collars associated with Little Lord Fauntleroy (/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy) introduced in 1885 and Buster Brown (/wiki/Buster_Brown) in 1902, both of which inspired young boys' outfits based on their look. [1] (#cite_note-Felsenthal-1) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-olian-8) References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Pan collars (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peter_Pan_collars) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Felsenthal, Julia (20 January 2012). "Where the Peter Pan Collar Came From—and Why It's Back" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/01/20/peter_pan_collar_where_it_came_from_and_why_it_s_back.html) . Slate Magazine (/wiki/Slate_Magazine) . Retrieved 21 January 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Down, Jane (1999). Textiles technology to GCSE (Reprinted. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0198328131 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (24 October 2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 227. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ian Brookes, ed. (2007). Chambers concise dictionary . Allied Chambers. p. 894. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788186062364 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) J. Michael Hunter, ed. (2013). Mormons and Popular Culture The Global Influence of an American Phenomenon . Praeger Pub Text. p. 137. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0313391675 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gontier, Claude Francis & Fernande (1999). Creating Colette: from ingenue to libertine : 1873 - 1913 (2. printing. ed.). South Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press. pp. 202 (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781883642761/page/202) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1883642914 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paoletti, Jo B. (2012). Pink and blue : telling the boys from the girls in America (/wiki/Pink_and_blue_:_telling_the_boys_from_the_girls_in_America) . Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 60 (https://archive.org/details/pinkbluetellingb0000paol/page/60) –84. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253001177 . - Registration required to read. ^ (#cite_ref-olian_8-0) Olian, JoAnne, ed. (2003). Children's fashions, 1900-1950, as pictured in Sears catalogs . Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Pan_collar&oldid=1147647021 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Pan_collar&oldid=1147647021) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Neckwear (/wiki/Category:Neckwear) Children's clothing (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) Fictional costumes (/wiki/Category:Fictional_costumes) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
UK fashion label JW Anderson Company type Private ( LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) minority stake) Industry Retail Founded 2008 Founder Jonathan Anderson (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) Headquarters London , United Kingdom Key people Jonathan Anderson (creative director) Products Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) Website jwanderson (http://jwanderson.com) .com (http://jwanderson.com) JW Anderson is a UK (/wiki/UK) fashion (/wiki/Fashion) label, founded by Jonathan Anderson (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) . Anderson originally from Magherafelt (/wiki/Magherafelt) in Northern Ireland (/wiki/Northern_Ireland) established JW Anderson in 2008 and subsequently launched his fashion house in London (/wiki/London) . The brand initially focused on menswear, before moving into womenswear in 2010. From 2012 onwards, the brand and its designer have collaborated with a number of retail fashion brands, most notably Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , and Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) , with LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) acquiring a minority stake in the brand in 2013. JW Anderson won both men's and women's brand of the year at British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) 's The Fashion Awards (/wiki/The_Fashion_Awards) in 2015, the first brand to pick up both awards in the same year. [1] (#cite_note-independent-1) History [ edit ] Jonathan Anderson (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) graduated from the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) , before initially pursuing a career in acting. While working at the Studio Theatre (/wiki/Studio_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)) in Washington D.C. (/wiki/Washington_D.C.) , he became interested in costume design and went on to study a degree in menswear design, graduating in 2005. [2] (#cite_note-wsj-2) He worked as visual merchandiser at Prada (/wiki/Prada) , working alongside the designer, Manuela Pavesi. Anderson moved to London (/wiki/London) to establish his eponymous label in 2008. [2] (#cite_note-wsj-2) [3] (#cite_note-fashion-3) JW Anderson launched a menswear line in 2008. It later introduced a womenswear line for autumn 2010. During the same year, JW Anderson received sponsorship from the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) committee, presenting their first catwalk collection at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-4) JW Anderson secured its second sponsorship from the British Fashion Council in 2011, before winning the Emerging Talent Award in 2012. JW Anderson became a more widely known brand in Britain after Jonathan Anderson collaborated with Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) in 2012 creating a limited edition collection of clothing and accessories. [5] (#cite_note-telegraph-5) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) covered the brand's spring/summer collection that same year, including paisley-print daywear pyjamas, which sold out shortly after launch. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) During London Fashion Week in 2012, JW Anderson announced it was to host its first menswear-dedicated fashion week show. [5] (#cite_note-telegraph-5) JW Anderson and Topshop collaborated again in early 2013. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In June 2013, Jonathan Anderson showcased his first collection for Versace (/wiki/Versace) . The collection was for Versace's diffusion line, Versus, with Anderson as the line's relaunch designer. Part of Jonathan Anderson's focus as a designer for JW Anderson was on unisex clothes, and he carried this fashion ethos with him to Versace. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) It was also rumoured at the same time that LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) were considering Anderson for the role of creative director at Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . [12] (#cite_note-12) It was announced in September 2013 that LVMH had acquired a minority stake in JW Anderson. [13] (#cite_note-13) As part of the deal, Anderson was announced as creative director of the Spanish fashion house, Loewe (/wiki/LOEWE_(fashion_brand)) . [14] (#cite_note-14) JW Anderson gave exclusive livestreaming rights to the queer dating app Grindr (/wiki/Grindr) for their Autumn/Winter 2016 fashion show. [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) Users of the app were given a link to the livestream in their inboxes, which they opened in their phone or tablet browsers. [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) The show was played on a loop for twenty-four hours after it was completed. [16] (#cite_note-16) Workshops [ edit ] Taking inspiration from the Omega Workshops (/wiki/Omega_Workshops) , JW Anderson announced it would be launching its own workshops in Shoreditch (/wiki/Shoreditch) , London (/wiki/London) . [17] (#cite_note-asap-17) Formerly known as the JW Anderson Workshops, it was created to merge an exhibition experience within a store. [18] (#cite_note-18) The workshops housed a number of collections and collaborations throughout 2016, including with A$AP Rocky (/wiki/A$AP_Rocky) , [17] (#cite_note-asap-17) M/M Paris (/wiki/M/M_Paris) , [19] (#cite_note-19) Printed Matter, Inc (/wiki/Printed_Matter,_Inc) , [20] (#cite_note-20) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) , [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Giles Round, [23] (#cite_note-23) and photographers Jamie Hawkesworth (/wiki/Jamie_Hawkesworth) , [24] (#cite_note-24) Ian David Baker, [25] (#cite_note-25) and Alasdair McLellan (/wiki/Alasdair_McLellan) . [26] (#cite_note-26) The JW Anderson Workshops also co-released a book with Spanish publisher Luis Venegas (/wiki/Luis_Venegas_(publisher)) in 2016. [27] (#cite_note-27) Exhibition [ edit ] Harry Styles' cardigan on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum. JW Anderson announced their first exhibition in September 2016, Disobedient Bodies at The Hepworth Wakefield (/wiki/The_Hepworth_Wakefield) from March to June 2017. [28] (#cite_note-guardianexhibition-28) The show aimed to create discussion on the theme of the body, [29] (#cite_note-29) specifically how each body part can disobey the body. More than 100 works were presented at the exhibition, including Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [28] (#cite_note-guardianexhibition-28) In 2020, JW Anderson made the knitting pattern (https://www.jwanderson.com/gb/cardigan-pattern) pattern for a rainbow (/wiki/Rainbow) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) musician Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) wore in rehearsals for the Today Show available to the public after knitting it became a DIY (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) challenge on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) . [30] (#cite_note-30) Later that year, it was acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) as an item of cultural importance related to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [31] (#cite_note-31) Awards and honors [ edit ] In 2015, JW Anderson under Jonathan Anderson (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) became the first brand to win both Menswear Designer of The Year and Womenswear Designer of the Year awards at The Fashion Awards (/wiki/The_Fashion_Awards) . [1] (#cite_note-independent-1) Award Year Recipient(s) Category Ref. The Fashion Awards (/wiki/The_Fashion_Awards) 2012 JW Anderson Emerging Talent Award - Ready-To-Wear [32] (#cite_note-32) 2013 JW Anderson New Establishment Designer of The Year 2014 JW Anderson Menswear Designer of The Year 2015 JW Anderson Menswear Designer of The Year JW Anderson Womenswear Designer of The Year 2017 Jonathan Anderson for JW Anderson British Designer of The Year - Womenswear Collaborations [ edit ] Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) (2012 - 2013) Versus Versace (/wiki/Versus_(Versace)) (2013) Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) (2017 - present) Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) (2017) Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) (2020 - present) References [ edit ] ^ a b Fury, Alex (November 15, 2015). "British Fashion Awards 2015: JW Anderson wins menswear and womenswear designer of the year" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/british-fashion-awards-2015-jw-anderson-wins-menswear-and-womenswear-designer-of-the-year-a6746481.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . ^ a b Van Meter, William (February 13, 2016). "Jonathan Anderson Shares the Inspirations Behind His Brand and Loewe" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/jonathan-anderson-shares-the-inspirations-behind-his-brand-and-loewe-1455120504) . Wall Street Journal (/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) . ^ (#cite_ref-fashion_3-0) "Jonathan Anderson's Live Mosaic" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/jonathan-anderson) . Business of Fashion. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "JW Anderson" (http://www.britishfashioncouncil.com/designer_profile.aspx?DesignerID=1664) . British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . ^ a b Sowray, Bibby (June 13, 2012). "Topshop announce JW Anderson collaboration" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9329583/Topshop-announce-JW-Anderson-collaboration.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Alexander, Ella (September 4, 2012). "JW Anderson For Topshop" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/jw-anderson-launches-topshop-collection-pictures) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Moss, Hilary (September 4, 2012). "First Looks: J.W. Anderson for Topshop" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2012/09/first-looks-jw-anderson-for-topshop.html) . NY Magazine (/wiki/NY_Magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Alexander, Ella (February 1, 2013). "JW Anderson For Topshop Take Two" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/summer-2013-collection-launches-pictures) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fox, Imogen (June 13, 2012). "JW Anderson to launch Topshop range" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2012/jun/13/j-w-anderson-topshop) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) François, Laurent “Lilzeon” (October 4, 2013). "The end of gender in fashion?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131019205657/http://hit-bag.com/2013/10/04/the-end-of-gender-in-fashion-jw-anderson-levis-topman/) . hit-bag.com . The Boulevardiers and their Hit Bag. Archived from the original (http://hit-bag.com/2013/10/04/the-end-of-gender-in-fashion-jw-anderson-levis-topman/) on October 19, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Cochrane, Lauren (May 16, 2013). "Versace unveils first Versus collection by JW Anderson in New York" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406214840/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/may/16/versace-versus-jw-anderson-new-york) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived from the original (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/may/16/versace-versus-jw-anderson-new-york) on April 6, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Exclusive: LVMH considers creative director change at Louis Vuitton" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lvmh-designer-idUSKCN100216) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . July 20, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Milligan, Lauren (September 25, 2013). "JW Anderson Joins LVMH And Will Helm Loewe" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/jw-anderson-sells-minority-stake-to-lvmh-and-hired-as-loewe-creative-director) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Neate, Rupert (September 26, 2013). "LVMH buys stake in fashion label JW Anderson" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/sep/26/lvmh-buys-stake-jw-anderson) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ a b Schneier, Matthew (2016-01-06). "Grindr, the Gay Dating App, Hooks Up With Fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/07/fashion/grindr-the-gay-dating-app-hooks-up-with-fashion.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Cochrane, Lauren (2016-01-10). "JW Anderson mixes mundane and strange in show streamed on Grindr" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/jan/10/jw-anderson-mixes-mundane-and-strange-in-fashion-show-streamed-on-grindr) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-05-10 . ^ a b Remsen, Mick (June 9, 2016). "Up Close and Personal With Jonathan Anderson and A$AP Rocky's New Collab" (http://www.vogue.com/article/aap-rocky-jonathan-anderson-collaboration) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Périer, Marie (January 22, 2016). "JW Anderson launches workshops in London" (http://en.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/jwanderson-launches-workshops-in-london/25018) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Guisset, Brune (September 22, 2016). "The collab: M/M Paris for JW Anderson Workshops" (http://en.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/the-collab-m-m-paris-for-jwanderson-workshops/36916) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Scheier, Matthew (June 8, 2016). "Jonathan Anderson Taps ASAP Rocky, Fan Turned Collaborator" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/fashion/jonathan-anderson-asap-rocky-jw-anderson.html) . NY Times (/wiki/NY_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Périer, Marie (May 23, 2016). "Obsession of the day: The Mackintosh x JW Anderson trench coat" (http://en.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/obsession-of-the-day-the-mackintosh-x-jwanderson-trench-coat/34217) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Moss, Victoria (September 18, 2016). "Reign of glory: how British heritage house Mackintosh took the catwalks by storm" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/reign-of-glory-how-british-heritage-house-mackintosh-took-the-ca/) . Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Dubs, Thaïs (May 24, 2016). "JW Anderson Workshops and Giles Round recreate the Shiva vase" (http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-hommes/culture/diaporama/jwanderson-workshops-and-giles-round-recreate-the-shiva-vase/34262) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Jamie Hawkesworth at JW Anderson Workshops" (http://becauselondon.com/culture/2016/11/jamie-hawkesworth-at-jw-anderson-workshops/) . BecauseLondon. November 29, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Eckardt, Stephanie (March 26, 2016). "Get to Know Photographer Ian David Baker, J.W. Anderson's Latest Collaborator" (http://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/jwanderson-workshops-ian-david-baker-photography/all) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Sauvalle, Julien (January 9, 2017). "Daily Crush: J.W. Anderson's 'Paolo' T-Shirt by Alasdair McLellan" (http://www.out.com/fashion/2017/1/06/daily-crush-jw-andersons-paolo-t-shirt-alasdair-mclellan) . Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Lessard, Hugo (January 29, 2016). "J.W Anderson workshop and Luis Venegas publication to co-release a mystery book" (http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-hommes/culture/diaporama/jw-anderson-workshop-and-luis-venegas-publication-to-co-release-a-mystery-book/25225) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ a b Radnor, Abigail (March 10, 2017). " (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/mar/10/quite-petrifying-jw-anderson-hepworth-wakefield-disobedient-bodies) 'It is quite petrifying': designer JW Anderson on his first exhibition" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/mar/10/quite-petrifying-jw-anderson-hepworth-wakefield-disobedient-bodies) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Menkes, Suzy (March 17, 2017). "Disobedient Bodies" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/suzy-menkes-jw-anderson-disobedient-bodies-hepworth-wakefield) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Kim, YeEun (Nov 17, 2020). "JW Anderson's Harry Styles Cardigan Gets Immortalized at V&A Museum" (https://hypebae.com/2020/11/harry-styles-jw-anderson-knit-cardigan-viral-tiktok-diy-victoria-albert-va-museum-display-london) . Hypebae . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Holland, Oscar (November 23, 2020). "The V&A museum has acquired the Harry Styles cardigan that sparked a TikTok craze" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/harry-styles-cardigan-va-museum/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Our Story" (https://www.jwanderson.com/gb/about/jwanderson) . JW Anderson . 2019-07-14 . Retrieved 2022-01-21 . 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Traditional woman's costume of the Lepcha people Dumdyam , or dumdyám , (also dumdem ; Lepcha (/wiki/Lepcha_language) for "female dress") is the traditional dress of Lepcha women (/wiki/Lepcha_people) . It is an ankle-length garment, usually made of a single piece of smooth cotton or silk, and of a solid color. When it is worn, it is folded over one shoulder, pinned at the other shoulder, and held in place by a waistband, or tago , over which excess material drapes. A contrasting long-sleeved blouse may be worn underneath. It is modernly worn on ceremonial and festive occasions. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Lepcha people (/wiki/Lepcha_people) Dumpra (/wiki/Dumpra) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Plaisier, Heleen (2007). A Grammar of Lepcha . Tibetan studies library: Languages of the greater Himalayan region. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands; Boston: Brill (/wiki/Brill_Publishers) . p. 4. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-15525-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dubey, S. M (1980). S. M. Dubey; P. K. Bordoloi; B. N. Borthakur (eds.). Family, marriage, and social change on the Indian fringe . Cosmo. pp. 53, 56 . Retrieved 2012-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thakur, Rudranand (1988). Himalayan Lepchas . Archives Publishers, Distributors. p. 131 . Retrieved 2012-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Patra, Chittaranjan (1991). Present Buddhist tribals and vihāras in West Bengal . Sarkar & Co. p. 59. v t e Clothing in South Asia History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Clothes Achkan (/wiki/Achkan) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Antriya (/wiki/Antriya) Argon (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Bakhu/Kho (/wiki/Kho_(costume)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) Dhakai shari (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dumdyam Dumpra (/wiki/Dumpra) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Farshi Pajama (/wiki/Farshi_Pajama) Ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) Ghoonghat (/wiki/Ghoonghat) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Gamosa (/wiki/Gamosa) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Gho (/wiki/Gho) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Kabney (/wiki/Kabney) Kasta sari (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kaupina(m) (/wiki/Kaupinam) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Lehenga-style sari (/wiki/Lehenga-style_sari) Langa voni (/wiki/Langa_voni) Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Madisar (/wiki/Madisar) Mekhela chador (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Mufti (/wiki/Mufti_(dress)) Mujib coat (/wiki/Mujib_coat) Mundu (/wiki/Mundu) Mundum neriyatum (/wiki/Mundum_neriyatum) Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Patiala salwar (/wiki/Patiala_salwar) Pheran (/wiki/Pheran) Pinon hadi (/wiki/Pinon_hadi) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(garment)) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sambalpuri sari (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Kerala sari (/wiki/Kerala_sari) Tant shari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Toego (/wiki/Toego) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) Wonju (/wiki/Wonju_(Bhutan)) Headgear Bhaad-gaaule topi (/wiki/Bhaad-gaaule_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Gandhi cap (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dumdyam&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐k9rp4 Cached time: 20240712235832 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.291 seconds Real time usage: 0.372 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 508/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22097/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 704/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27446/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15003522/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 336.641 1 -total 32.54% 109.555 1 Template:Reflist 27.65% 93.069 4 Template:Cite_book 22.46% 75.626 1 Template:Clothing_in_South_Asia 22.10% 74.393 1 Template:Transl 21.72% 73.129 1 Template:Navbox 17.69% 59.559 1 Template:Short_description 10.20% 34.341 2 Template:Pagetype 4.45% 14.983 3 Template:Main_other 4.36% 14.680 1 Template:Clothing-stub Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37491536-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712235832 and revision id 994950294. 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Hairstyle Portrait of Henriette Victoire Elisabeth d’Avrange (circa 1810) A Titus cut or coiffure à la Titus was a hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) for men and women popular at the end of the 18th century in France (/wiki/France) and England (/wiki/England) . The style consisted of a short layered cut, typically with curls. [1] (#cite_note-Rifelj-1) It was supposedly popularized in 1791 by the French actor François-Joseph Talma (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma) who played Titus (/wiki/Titus_Junius_Brutus) in a Parisian production of Voltaire (/wiki/Voltaire) 's Brutus (/wiki/Brutus_(tragedy)) . [1] (#cite_note-Rifelj-1) [2] (#cite_note-Ribeiro68-2) [3] (#cite_note-Larson23-3) The Titus cut was considered a radical departure from the large elaborate hairstyles and wigs that were popular during the last quarter of the 18th century. [1] (#cite_note-Rifelj-1) As a simple "classical" style, free from aristocratic excess, it was associated with the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) and popular among those who supported it. [2] (#cite_note-Ribeiro68-2) [4] (#cite_note-Larson11-4) Although initially a men's style, it was soon adopted by women as well. The Journal de Paris (/wiki/Journal_de_Paris) reported in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women were wearing their hair or wig à la Titus ." [1] (#cite_note-Rifelj-1) The style spread to England as well, where it was often called coiffure à la guillotine in reference to the beheadings of the French Revolution. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-Larson24-6) Although the style remained popular into the 19th century, by the 1810s it had fallen out of fashion. [1] (#cite_note-Rifelj-1) [4] (#cite_note-Larson11-4) Gallery [ edit ] François-Joseph Talma (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma) playing the role of Titus in Voltaire's Brutus Girl with Portfolio (circa 1799) Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte (/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte) (1800) Portrait of Marie-Adrienne Rousseau and Rose-Marie Charlotte (early 1800s) Portrait of Charles Antoine Callamard (/w/index.php?title=Charles_Antoine_Callamard&action=edit&redlink=1) (1801) "Cheveux à la Titus", fashion print from Costume Parisien (1803) Portrait of Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau (/wiki/Suzanne_le_Peletier_de_Saint-Fargeau) (1804) Portrait of François Marius Granet (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet) (1807) Portrait of a Man (1809) Portrait of Fanny Biron of Courland (1810) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Rifelj, Carol (2010). Coiffures: Hair in Nineteenth-century French Literature and Culture . Newark: University of Delaware Press. pp. 34–40. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0874130999 . ^ a b Ribeiro, Aileen (1988). Fashion in the French Revolution . London: Batsford. p. 68. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713453524 . ^ (#cite_ref-Larson23_3-0) Larson, Jessica (20 April 2013). Usurping Masculinity: The Gender Dynamics of the coiffure à la Titus (https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/98928/jjlars.pdf) in Revolutionary France (PDF) (BA thesis). University of Michigan. p. 23 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ a b Larson, Jessica (20 April 2013). Usurping Masculinity: The Gender Dynamics of the coiffure à la Titus (https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/98928/jjlars.pdf) in Revolutionary France (PDF) (BA thesis). University of Michigan. pp. 11–13 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) de Courtais, Georgine (2006). Women's Hats, Headdresses and Hairstyles . Dover Publications. p. 96. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486136698 . ^ (#cite_ref-Larson24_6-0) Larson, Jessica (20 April 2013). Usurping Masculinity: The Gender Dynamics of the coiffure à la Titus (https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/98928/jjlars.pdf) in Revolutionary France (PDF) (BA thesis). University of Michigan. p. 24 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Titus haircut (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Titus_haircut) at Wikimedia Commons "Coiffure à la Titus" (https://shannonselin.com/2015/05/coiffure-a-la-titus/) at shannonselin.com v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s) 1980s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s) Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Part (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) Payot (/wiki/Payot) Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Pompadour (/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)) Ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) Punch perm (/wiki/Punch_perm) Professional cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Queue (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) Quiff (/wiki/Quiff) Rattail (/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)) Razor cut (/wiki/Razor_cut) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) Shag (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) Shape-up (/wiki/Shape-up) Shikha (/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)) Shimada (/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)) Short back and sides (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Short brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Short hair (/wiki/Short_hair) Spiky hair (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) Standard haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Step cut (/wiki/Step_cutting) Surfer hair (/wiki/Surfer_hair) 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< Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This Wikipedia page has been superseded by Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) and is retained primarily for historical (/wiki/Wikipedia:HISPAGES) reference. Note: Article entries are now being transcluded directly on the main portal page. However, this page should be retained for historical reference. edit Selected biography 1 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/1 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/1) Bronwyn Bancroft (/wiki/Bronwyn_Bancroft) (born 1958) is an Indigenous Australian (/wiki/Indigenous_Australians) artist, notable for being the first Australian fashion designer invited to show her work in Paris. Born in Tenterfield, New South Wales (/wiki/Tenterfield,_New_South_Wales) , and trained in Canberra (/wiki/Canberra) and Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Bancroft worked as a fashion designer, and is an artist, illustrator, and arts administrator. In 1985 Bancroft established a shop called Designer Aboriginals, selling fabrics made by Indigenous artists including herself. She was a founding member of Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-operative. Artwork by Bancroft is held by the National Gallery of Australia (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia) , the Art Gallery of New South Wales (/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales) and the Art Gallery of Western Australia (/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Western_Australia) . She has provided artwork for over 20 children's books, including Stradbroke Dreaming by writer and activist Oodgeroo Noonuccal (/wiki/Oodgeroo_Noonuccal) and books by artist and writer Sally Morgan (/wiki/Sally_Morgan_(artist)) . She has also received design commissions, including one for the exterior of a sports centre in Sydney. With a long history of involvement in community activism and arts administration, Bancroft has served as a board member for the National Gallery of Australia. Her painting Prevention of AIDS (1992) was used in a campaign to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS (/wiki/HIV/AIDS) in Australia. As of 2010, Bancroft sits on the boards of copyright collection agency Viscopy and Tranby Aboriginal College, as well as being on the Artists Board at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Sydney) . More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Bronwyn_Bancroft) edit Selected biography 2 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/2 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/2) Gwen Renée Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) s t ə ˈ f ɑː n i / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter, fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and occasional actress. Stefani is the lead vocalist for the rock and ska (/wiki/Ska) band No Doubt (/wiki/No_Doubt) . Stefani recorded Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (/wiki/Love._Angel._Music._Baby.) , her first solo album, in 2004. Inspired by music of the 1980s, the album was a success with sales of over seven million copies. The album's third single, " Hollaback Girl (/wiki/Hollaback_Girl) ", was the first US digital download to sell one million copies. Stefani's second and final solo studio album, The Sweet Escape (/wiki/The_Sweet_Escape) (2006), yielded " Wind It Up (/wiki/Wind_It_Up_(Gwen_Stefani_song)) ", " 4 in the Morning (/wiki/4_in_the_Morning) ", and the highest-selling single " The Sweet Escape (/wiki/The_Sweet_Escape_(song)) ". Including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than forty million albums worldwide. She won the World's Best-Selling New Female Artist at the World Music Awards 2005 (/wiki/World_Music_Awards_2005) . In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. (/wiki/L.A.M.B.) and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers (/wiki/Harajuku_Lovers) line, drawing inspiration from Japanese culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Japan) and fashion. Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls (/wiki/Harajuku_Girls) dancers. She married British musician Gavin Rossdale (/wiki/Gavin_Rossdale) in 2002 and they have two sons: Kingston James McGregor Rossdale, born May 26, 2006, and Zuma Nesta Rock Rossdale, born August 20, 2008. Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) magazine ranked Stefani the fifty-fourth most successful artist and thirty-seventh most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000–09 decade. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) edit Selected biography 3 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/3 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/3) Victoria Caroline Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) (née Adams ; born 17 April 1974) is an English businesswoman, fashion designer and singer. In the late 1990s, Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls (/wiki/Spice_Girls) and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British pop music magazine Top of the Pops (/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops) . Since the Spice Girls split, she has had a solo pop music career, scoring four UK Top 10 singles. Her first single to be released, " Out of Your Mind (/wiki/Out_of_Your_Mind) ", reached Number 2 in the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) and is her highest chart entry to date. During her solo career, she has been signed to Virgin Records (/wiki/Virgin_Records) and Telstar Records (/wiki/Telstar_Records) . Beckham has found more success as an internationally recognised and photographed style icon. Her career in fashion includes designing a line of jeans (/wiki/VB_Rocks) for Rock & Republic (/wiki/Rock_and_Republic) and later designing her own denim brand, dVb Style. Beckham has brought out her own range of sunglasses and fragrance, entitled Intimately Beckham, which has been released in the UK and the US. In association with the Japanese store Samantha Thavasa (/wiki/Samantha_Thavasa) and Shiatzy Chen (/wiki/Shiatzy_Chen) , she has produced a range of handbags and jewellery. In addition, Beckham has released two best-selling books; one her autobiography, the other a fashion guide. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) edit Selected biography 4 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/4 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/4) Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch) (born June 17, 1966; née (/wiki/N%C3%A9e) Robinson ) is an American (/wiki/United_States) fashion designer business woman and philanthropist, who has won several fashion awards for her designs. She was born, raised, and educated in the Philadelphia metropolitan area (/wiki/Philadelphia_metropolitan_area) . After graduation from college, she moved to New York City, where she began a career working with fashion designers, including Zoran (/wiki/Zoran) , a Yugoslavian designer. She worked at Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) magazine, Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , and was a copywriter for Polo Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren) . She began a fashion label, "TRB by Tory Burch"—later known as "Tory Burch", in February 2004. As of April 2012, the company has grown to 68 Tory Burch stores worldwide, 48 in the US and 20 internationally. Her fashion line is carried at over 1,000 department and specialty stores worldwide, including Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) and Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) . Her flagship store (/wiki/Flagship_store) is in the NoLIta (/wiki/NoLIta) neighborhood of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . In April 2005, Oprah Winfrey endorsed her line on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) . In 2009, Tory Burch sold a minority stake in her company to a Mexican private equity firm, Tresalia Capital (/w/index.php?title=Tresalia_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1) . Additional minority investors were added in December 2012 in conjunction with the settlement of a legal dispute between Burch and her ex-husband. This settlement is said to have removed a substantial obstacle to a forthcoming IPO, which has been the subject of considerable discussion in the financial and fashion industries. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Tory_Burch) edit Selected biography 5 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/5 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/5) Lily Luahana Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) (born c. 27 December 1987) is an English model and actress. Her modelling career was launched by a chance encounter with Benjamin Hart (/wiki/Benjamin_Hart) in Soho (/wiki/Soho) when she was 14 years old. She was booked for her first British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) cover at age 16, and has worked with many well-known brands, including Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) worldwide, Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , De Beers (/wiki/De_Beers) and Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) . Other clients include Numero (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) , Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Jean Paul Gaultier and Marc Jacobs. Advertising campaigns include Longchamp (/wiki/Longchamp_(company)) , Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) and Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) . She has a cosmetics contract with beauty brand Rimmel London (/wiki/Rimmel) and can be seen in TVC and print advertising as part of her work with them, attracting controversy in 2008 by appearing naked in a pictorial for Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) ' s French edition. After several minor acting roles, starting with St Trinian's (/wiki/St_Trinian%27s_(film)) in 2007, Cole's first leading role was as Valentina in the 2009 film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (/wiki/The_Imaginarium_of_Doctor_Parnassus) . Her other film work includes Passages , a short directed by Shekhar Kapur (/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur) and There Be Dragons , directed by Roland Joffé (/wiki/Roland_Joff%C3%A9) . In June 2011, she was awarded a Double First (/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#Double_first-class_honours) in History of Art (/wiki/History_of_Art) at the University of Cambridge (/wiki/University_of_Cambridge) . More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Lily_Cole) edit Selected biography 6 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/6 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/6) Susannah Caroline Constantine (/wiki/Susannah_Constantine) (born 3 June 1962) is an English fashion journalist (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) , advisor, television presenter (/wiki/Television_presenter) , author and designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Her second book, entitled What Not to Wear , has won her a prestigious British Book Award (/wiki/British_Book_Awards) and sold 670,000 copies. Constantine was born into a wealthy family; her father was successful in property and shipping sectors. She was privately educated as a child and went on to date British royalty, David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (/wiki/David_Armstrong-Jones,_2nd_Earl_of_Snowdon) , during the 1980s. Constantine has been involved in fashion for a long period, originally working in America for Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) and then John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) in London. She met Trinny Woodall (/wiki/Trinny_Woodall) in 1994 who both proceeded to write a weekly fashion column, Ready to Wear . They founded Ready2shop.com (/wiki/Ready2shop.com) , a dot-com (/wiki/Dot-com_company) fashion advice business, and wrote their first fashion advice book in 2000, Ready 2 Dress , both of which failed. From there they were commissioned to BBC Two (/wiki/BBC_Two) to host the style series, What Not to Wear (/wiki/What_Not_to_Wear_(UK)) , from 2001 to 2005. She made regular appearances as a style advisor on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) and following her success on the shows, she went on to co-host Trinny & Susannah Undress... (/wiki/Trinny_%26_Susannah_Undress...) on ITV in 2006 and Undress the Nation (/wiki/Undress_the_Nation) in 2007. Constantine and Woodall have now dressed over 5,000 women. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Susannah_Constantine) edit Selected biography 7 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/7 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/7) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , OBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born 3 November 1949) is the English-born editor-in-chief of American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , a position she has held since 1988. With her trademark pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) bob haircut (/wiki/Bob_cut) and sunglasses, Wintour has become an institution throughout the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname "Nuclear Wintour". She is the eldest daughter of Charles Wintour (/wiki/Charles_Wintour) , editor of the London Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . Her father consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era. Anna became interested in fashion as a teenager. Her career in fashion journalism (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) began at two British magazines. Later she moved to the United States, with stints at New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) and House & Garden (/wiki/House_%26_Garden_(magazine)) . She returned home for a year to turn around British Vogue , and later assumed control of the franchise's magazine in New York, reviving what many saw as a stagnating publication. Her use of the magazine to shape the fashion industry has been the subject of debate within it. Animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) activists have attacked her for promoting fur, while other critics have charged her with using the magazine to promote elitist views of femininity and beauty. A former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger (/wiki/Lauren_Weisberger) , wrote the 2003 best selling roman à clef (/wiki/Roman_%C3%A0_clef) The Devil Wears Prada (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(novel)) , later made into a successful film (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) starring Meryl Streep (/wiki/Meryl_Streep) as Miranda Priestly (/wiki/Miranda_Priestly) , a fashion editor believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009 she was the focus of another film, R.J. Cutler (/wiki/R.J._Cutler) 's documentary The September Issue (/wiki/The_September_Issue) . More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) edit Selected biography 8 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/8 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/8) Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) (born 1969) is a British fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , best known for his playful designs and his collaboration with High Street retailer New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)) . Deacon was employed by the fashion houses Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , before founding his own label, GILES, in 2003. He launched his first collection for GILES at the 2004 London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and was named "Best New Designer" at the British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) . Deacon's designs have been met with critical acclaim and have sparked a renewed interest in London fashion. Having become one of the fashion industry's most fêted figures, Deacon was named British Fashion Designer of the Year (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) in 2006 and was awarded the French ANDAM Fashion Award's Grand Prix in 2009. The designer was appointed creative director of French fashion house Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro#The_House_of_Emanuel_Ungaro) in April 2010. Deacon retained the position until September 2011, when he and Ungaro mutually decided to end their collaboration. Deacon has been known to challenge the traditional ideas of womenswear and often uses wild prints and pop culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) references in his designs. He has described his designs for GILES as humorous, dark and sexy and has stated that he wants diversity in among them. He said, "My dresses should be worn by young, cool girls just as much as by 55 to 60 year old women". More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) edit Selected biography 9 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/9 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/9) Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ j oʊ v ə v ɪ tʃ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) YOH -və-vich ; born Milica Jovović is an American model, actress, musician, and fashion designer. During her career, she has appeared in a number of science fiction (/wiki/Science_fiction) and action-themed films (/wiki/Action_film) , earning her the sobriquet (/wiki/Sobriquet) "reigning queen of kick-butt" from the music channel VH1 (/wiki/VH1) in 2006. Jovovich began modeling when Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) photographed her for the cover of the Italian magazine Lei ("She") in 1987. Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) then featured her in Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) 's "Most Unforgettable Women in the World" advertisements and she also appeared in campaigns for L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) cosmetics, Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic_(clothing_retailer)) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . Jovovich and fellow model Carmen Hawk launched a line of clothing called Jovovich-Hawk (/wiki/Jovovich-Hawk) in 2003. The pair opened a showroom in New York City's Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) on September 13, 2005, and the line lasted for four years. All of the dresses for Jovovich-Hawk line were designed by herself and her partner Carmen Hawk, in The atelier (/wiki/Studio) is based in Los Angeles, but pieces could be found at Fred Segal (/wiki/Fred_Segal) in Los Angeles, Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) , and over 50 stores around the world. Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) has praised the line for its "girl-about-town cult status most designers spend years trying to achieve." In November 2006, the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA) and US Vogue nominated Jovovich-Hawk for the CFDA/ Vogue Fashion Fund Award. Jovovich-Hawk was nominated as a finalist, although Doo-Ri Chung (/wiki/Doo-Ri_Chung) took the top prize. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) edit Selected biography 10 Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/10 (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/10) Sarah-Jane "Trinny" Woodall (/wiki/Trinny_Woodall) (born 8 February 1964 in Marylebone (/wiki/Marylebone) , London) is an English fashion (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) advisor and designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , television presenter (/wiki/Television_presenter) and author. She was raised in a wealthy family and was privately educated. After ten years working in marketing – and battling alcoholism (/wiki/Alcoholism) – Woodall met Susannah Constantine (/wiki/Susannah_Constantine) in 1994, whom she joined to write a weekly fashion column for The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . This led to the launch of their own internet fashion-advice business and the release of their first fashion-advice book, both of which ventures ended in failure. They were then commissioned by the BBC (/wiki/BBC) to host What Not to Wear (/wiki/What_Not_to_Wear_(UK)) in 2001. The following year Woodall and Constantine released their second book, What Not to Wear , which gained them a British Book Award (/wiki/British_Book_Awards) and sold over 670,000 copies. The pair co-wrote many fashion advice books, several of which became bestsellers in the United Kingdom and the United States, and have now sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide. After co-hosting What Not to Wear for five series and appearing on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) as style and make-over advisors, Woodall and Constantine moved to ITV (/wiki/ITV_Network) to host Trinny & Susannah Undress... (/wiki/Trinny_%26_Susannah_Undress...) in 2006, and Undress the Nation (/wiki/Undress_the_Nation) . After becoming the faces of Littlewoods Direct (/wiki/Littlewoods_Shop_Direct_Group) , they released their own Littlewoods clothing range and latest fashion advice book, The Body Shape Bible , in 2007. More selected biographies Read more (/wiki/Trinny_Woodall) Instructions The layout design for these subpages is at Portal:Fashion/Selected biography/Layout (/wiki/Portal:Fashion/Selected_biography/Layout) . Add a new Selected article to the next available subpage. The list should only contain articles that have been given a quality rating of Wikipedia:Featured articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles) or Wikipedia:Good articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles) . The "blurb" for all selected articles should be approximately 10 lines, for appropriate formatting in the portal main page. Update "max=" to new total for its {{ Random portal component (/wiki/Template:Random_portal_component) }} on the main page. Nominations Adding articles Feel free to add Featured quality (/wiki/Wikipedia:FA) and Good quality (/wiki/Wikipedia:GA) Feminism-related articles to the above list. See Category:FA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) See Category:GA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) If you are unsure or do not know how to add an entry, feel free to post a question, suggestion or nomination here below, or at the talk page Portal talk:Fashion (/wiki/Portal_talk:Fashion) . 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Indian cosmetics brand For other uses, see Sugar (/wiki/Sugar_(disambiguation)) . Sugar Cosmetics Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) SUGAR Cosmetics Company type Privately held company Industry Personal care (/wiki/Personal_care_products) Founded 2015 ; 9 years ago ( 2015 ) Founders Vineeta Singh (/wiki/Vineeta_Singh) Kaushik Mukherjee Headquarters Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , India Area served India Key people Vineeta Singh (/wiki/Vineeta_Singh) (CEO) Kaushik Mukherjee (COO) Products Cosmetics and skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Vellvette Lifestyle Private Ltd Website in (https://in.sugarcosmetics.com/) .sugarcosmetics (https://in.sugarcosmetics.com/) .com (https://in.sugarcosmetics.com/) Sugar Cosmetics , an Indian cosmetics brand owned by Vellvette Lifestyle Private Ltd, is based in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . It was founded in 2015 by the married couple Vineeta Singh (/wiki/Vineeta_Singh) and Kaushik Mukherjee. The brand offers a diverse range of makeup and skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) products. History [ edit ] Sugar Cosmetics was founded in 2015 by the married couple Vineeta Singh (/wiki/Vineeta_Singh) and Kaushik Mukherjee, with the aim of providing high-quality makeup (/wiki/Cosmetics) products at competitive prices. Vineeta Singh serves as the CEO, while Kaushik Mukherjee holds the position of COO. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Based in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , it is owned and operated by Vellvette Lifestyle Private Ltd. Initially launched as an online (/wiki/Online_shopping) -only brand, Sugar Cosmetics achieved sales of ₹52 lakh in its first year, overcoming challenges such as limited working capital and delayed product imports. The brand experienced substantial growth with its lip crayon product, leading to a revenue increase to ₹3 crore in the second year. [3] (#cite_note-fi-3) Sugar Cosmetics gradually transitioned to include offline retail alongside its existing online operations. This expansion allowed the brand to establish 1,750 outlets across 100 cities by 2020, contributing to its growth. From 2020 to 2022, its sales grew from ₹105 crore to ₹222 crore. [3] (#cite_note-fi-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) As of 2022, the brand had raised approximately $85 million from its investors: Elevation Capital, A91 Partners, India Quotient, Stride Ventures and L Catterton (/wiki/L_Catterton) . [5] (#cite_note-fe-5) Subsequently, Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) joined as an investor and endorser, while Tamannaah Bhatia became an equity partner. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) As of 2023, the brand operates in over 500 cities and generates revenues of ₹420 crore. [5] (#cite_note-fe-5) Products [ edit ] Sugar Cosmetics offers a diverse range of makeup (/wiki/Cosmetics) products, including foundations for various skin tones, transfer-proof lipsticks (/wiki/Lipstick) in multiple shades and finishes, contour sticks, face palettes, setting powders, and mascaras (/wiki/Mascara) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Their skincare products include face creams, serums, moisturizers (/wiki/Moisturizer) and cleansing water (/wiki/Cleanser) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The brand is authorized to display PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) 's Global Beauty Without Bunnies logo, certifying that all products are cruelty-free and vegan. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Distribution [ edit ] Sugar Cosmetics operates 200 stores across India. [12] (#cite_note-12) In addition to its own stores, Sugar Cosmetics has partnered with over 45 thousand retail touchpoints, reaching customers in over 550 cities across India. [13] (#cite_note-13) The brand also sells its products through its website, mobile app, and e-commerce platforms like Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) , Nykaa (/wiki/Nykaa) and Flipkart (/wiki/Flipkart) , allowing customers to purchase products online and have them delivered. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Marketing [ edit ] Sugar Cosmetics has expanded its online presence by leveraging social media (/wiki/Social_media) , email marketing, and collaborations with influencers (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) . They have utilized hashtags (/wiki/Hashtag) such as #TrySugar, #MySkinMyChoice, #BetterWithHer and #EveryWomanIsAWonderWoman to promote inclusivity and individuality. The brand has diversified its product range and engaged customers through contests and interactive content. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2021, Sugar Cosmetics launched a TV ad featuring Taapsee Pannu (/wiki/Taapsee_Pannu) for their #BoldAndFree campaign, focused on women's empowerment. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2022, they aired two ads for their "Shukar hain SUGAR hain" campaign, featuring Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) , Tamannaah Bhatia (/wiki/Tamannaah_Bhatia) and the brand's CEO, emphasizing the durability and quality of their transfer-proof lipsticks with a humorous narrative. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Awards and recognitions [ edit ] Sugar Cosmetics has been honored with the following awards and recognitions, either for the brand itself or in recognition of Vineeta Singh (/wiki/Vineeta_Singh) 's entrepreneurship: Retail Start-Up of the Year 2019 by Entrepreneur [21] (#cite_note-wa-21) Most Promising Brand of The Year 2019 by The Economic Times (/wiki/The_Economic_Times) [21] (#cite_note-wa-21) 40 Under Forty 2020 by The Economic Times [21] (#cite_note-wa-21) 40 under 40 2021 by Fortune India [22] (#cite_note-et-22) Most Trusted Brand of India 2021 by CNBC TV18 (/wiki/CNBC_TV18) [23] (#cite_note-23) Most Admired Retailer Award 2021 by IMAGES [21] (#cite_note-wa-21) W-Power 2021 by Forbes India (/wiki/Forbes_India) [24] (#cite_note-24) 40 under 40 2021 by BW Disrupt [25] (#cite_note-ei-25) Young Global Leaders 2022 by World Economic Forum (/wiki/World_Economic_Forum) [25] (#cite_note-ei-25) MPW 2022 by Business Today [26] (#cite_note-26) Women Achievers Day Award 2023 by DNA India [27] (#cite_note-27) MPW 2023 by Business Today [28] (#cite_note-28) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Here's an inspiring tale of Vineeta Singh, founder and CEO of Sugar Cosmetics" (https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/from-living-in-matchbox-house-in-mumbai-to-building-a-leading-makeup-brand-an-inspiring-tale-of-vineeta-singh-11708533956909.html) . mint . 21 February 2024. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164137/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/from-living-in-matchbox-house-in-mumbai-to-building-a-leading-makeup-brand-an-inspiring-tale-of-vineeta-singh-11708533956909.html) from the original on 30 June 2024 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lifestyle, FE (6 March 2023). "Kaushik Mukherjee's luxurious lifestyle: Know the co-founder of Sugar & Shark Tank Judge Vineeta Singh's husband, his net worth" (https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-kaushik-mukherjees-luxurious-lifestyle-know-the-co-founder-of-sugar-shark-tank-judge-vineeta-singhs-husband-and-his-net-worth-3000460/) . The Financial Express . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240701004116/https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-kaushik-mukherjees-luxurious-lifestyle-know-the-co-founder-of-sugar-shark-tank-judge-vineeta-singhs-husband-and-his-net-worth-3000460/) from the original on 1 July 2024 . Retrieved 1 July 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Singh, Rajiv (7 August 2020). "Sugar Cosmetics: Lips Don't Lie" (https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1) . Forbes India . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231130080154/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1) from the original on 30 November 2023 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hector, Darlington Jose (20 April 2023). "SUGAR Cosmetics: How Vineeta Singh beat near-bankruptcy to take on multinational brands" (https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/sugar-cosmetics-how-vineeta-singh-beat-near-bankruptcy-to-take-on-multinational-brands-10445481.html) . Moneycontrol . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164140/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/sugar-cosmetics-how-vineeta-singh-beat-near-bankruptcy-to-take-on-multinational-brands-10445481.html) from the original on 30 June 2024 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shanthi, S (21 May 2024). "Sugar Cosmetics expects all its offline stores to turn profitable in FY25" (https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-sugar-cosmetics-expects-all-its-offline-stores-to-turn-profitable-in-fy25-3495158/) . The Financial Express . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164138/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-sugar-cosmetics-expects-all-its-offline-stores-to-turn-profitable-in-fy25-3495158/) from the original on 30 June 2024 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ambwani, Meenakshi Verma (3 September 2022). "Ranveer Singh invests in SUGAR Cosmetics" (https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece) . BusinessLine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230127212234/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece) from the original on 27 January 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paul, James (1 December 2022). "Tamannaah Bhatia Forays Into Entrepreneurship; Invests In Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh's Cosmetic Brand" (https://in.mashable.com/tech/42903/tamannaah-bhatia-forays-into-entrepreneurship-invests-in-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singhs-cosmetic-b) . Mashable India . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230605051945/https://in.mashable.com/tech/42903/tamannaah-bhatia-forays-into-entrepreneurship-invests-in-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singhs-cosmetic-b) from the original on 5 June 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Top 16 SUGAR Cosmetics Based On Sweetest Customer Ratings: Myntra's EORS Curtain Raiser Sale" (https://www.ndtv.com/shopping/top-16-sugar-cosmetics-based-on-sweetest-customer-ratings-myntras-eors-curtain-raiser-sale-5733694) . NDTV.com . 22 February 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240526213313/https://www.ndtv.com/shopping/top-16-sugar-cosmetics-based-on-sweetest-customer-ratings-myntras-eors-curtain-raiser-sale-5733694) from the original on 26 May 2024 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "SUGAR Cosmetics Skincare Review: Is it Worth the Hype?" (https://www.majormag.in/sugar-cosmetics-skincare-range-review/) . Major Mag . 4 July 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230704080321/https://www.majormag.in/sugar-cosmetics-skincare-range-review/) from the original on 4 July 2023 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Is Sugar Cosmetics (Vellvette Lifestyle) Cruelty-Free?" (https://crueltyfree.peta.org/company/sugar-cosmetics-vellvette-lifestyle/) . Beauty Without Bunnies . 16 March 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230608224713/https://crueltyfree.peta.org/company/sugar-cosmetics-vellvette-lifestyle/) from the original on 8 June 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "PETA's 'Global Beauty Without Bunnies' Program" (https://www.peta.org/living/personal-care-fashion/beauty-without-bunnies/) . PETA . 24 February 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240526142244/https://www.peta.org/living/personal-care-fashion/beauty-without-bunnies/) from the original on 26 May 2024 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Martins, Maverick (28 June 2023). "Sugar Cosmetics opens its 200th exclusive brand-owned store" (https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Sugar-cosmetics-opens-its-200th-exclusive-brand-owned-store,1531089.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230907152158/https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Sugar-cosmetics-opens-its-200th-exclusive-brand-owned-store,1531089.html) from the original on 7 September 2023 . Retrieved 1 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Delhivery partners with Sugar Cosmetics for B2B shipments" (https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/delhivery-partners-with-sugar-cosmetics-for-b2b-shipments-19416443.htm) . CNBCTV18 . 23 May 2024. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240605111857/https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/delhivery-partners-with-sugar-cosmetics-for-b2b-shipments-19416443.htm/) from the original on 5 June 2024 . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Rudra, Tapanjana (23 December 2022). "SUGAR Cosmetics' FY22 Loss Jumps 255% To INR 75 Cr As Expenses Double" (https://inc42.com/buzz/sugar-cosmetics-fy22-loss-jumps-255-percent-to-inr-75-cr-as-expenses-double/) . Inc42 Media . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230902055054/https://inc42.com/buzz/sugar-cosmetics-fy22-loss-jumps-255-percent-to-inr-75-cr-as-expenses-double/) from the original on 2 September 2023 . Retrieved 1 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Sugar Cosmetics turned profitable in December; looking at 2-3 years' timeline for IPO: Vineeta Singh" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/expert-view/sugar-cosmetics-turned-profitable-in-december-looking-at-2-3-years-timeline-for-ipo-vineeta-singh/articleshow/106538948.cms) . The Economic Times . 4 January 2024. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240111061111/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/expert-view/sugar-cosmetics-turned-profitable-in-december-looking-at-2-3-years-timeline-for-ipo-vineeta-singh/articleshow/106538948.cms) from the original on 11 January 2024 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Ghosh, Aritra (9 October 2023). "How SUGAR Cosmetics is Empowering Women Through Makeup" (https://www.indianretailer.com/article/d2c-new-commerce/perspectives/how-sugar-cosmetics-empowering-women-through-makeup) . Indian Retailer . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240701002328/https://www.indianretailer.com/article/d2c-new-commerce/perspectives/how-sugar-cosmetics-empowering-women-through-makeup) from the original on 1 July 2024 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Top Sugar Cosmetics Marketing Campaigns: A Study of its Marketing Campaigns" (https://www.gingermediagroup.com/blog/sugar-cosmetics-top-marketing-campaigns/) . Ginger Media Group - India's Best Advertising Company . 28 September 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164142/https://www.gingermediagroup.com/blog/sugar-cosmetics-top-marketing-campaigns/) from the original on 30 June 2024 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "BE Exclusive: Tapsee Pannu is the new face of SUGAR Cosmetics" (https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/be-exclusive-tapsee-pannu-is-the-new-face-of-sugar-cosmetics/86416582) . ETBrandEquity.com . 22 September 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231129145912/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/be-exclusive-tapsee-pannu-is-the-new-face-of-sugar-cosmetics/86416582) from the original on 29 November 2023 . Retrieved 30 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Ranveer Singh and Tamannaah Bhatia vouch for Sugar Cosmetics in latest ad" (https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/ranveer-singh-and-tamannaah-bhatia-vouch-for-sugar-cosmetics-in-latest-ad/94070230) . ETBrandEquity.com . 8 September 2022. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar_Cosmetics&oldid=1233407550 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar_Cosmetics&oldid=1233407550) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian brands (/wiki/Category:Indian_brands) Cosmetics companies of India (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_India) Companies based in Mumbai (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Mumbai) Cosmetics brands (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_brands) Hidden categories: Pages with reference errors (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors) Pages with broken reference names (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_reference_names) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use Indian English from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2024) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English) Use dmy dates from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2024)
Trilby Yates was a pioneering New Zealand fashion label. Founded by sisters Trilby and Julia Yates, it operated from the 1920s to the 1950s. Along with Ninette Gowns (/wiki/Flora_MacKenzie) and Bobby Angus (/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Angus&action=edit&redlink=1) , it is considered one of the founders of New Zealand fashion design. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-DressCircle-2) The careers of designers Nancy Hudson (/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1) and Hall Ludlow (/w/index.php?title=Hall_Ludlow&action=edit&redlink=1) began at the label, and it is credited with introducing New Zealanders to trousers as fashionable wear for women. Founding [ edit ] The Auckland Town Hall (/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall) , c. 1910 . The row of shops to the left would later become the first premises of Trilby Yates. The label was founded by sisters Trilby and Julia Yates in the mid-1920s. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Trilby, who was the older by nine years, had trained as a milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) at The Bon Marché, an emporium founded in Auckland in 1904. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) By 1923, the business was operating as a hat shop opposite the Auckland Town Hall (/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall) at 374 Queen Street, under the name "Trilby Yates: the Ladies' Paradise". [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Trilby was a skilled milliner, described as being able to "take a tea towel and make a hat out of it". [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Julia, by contrast, could barely sew, but had business skills and connections with artistic friends such as the dancer Freda Stark (/wiki/Freda_Stark) and the filmmaker Robert Steele (/w/index.php?title=Robert_Steele_(filmmaker)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) High-fashion advancements [ edit ] Around 1930, the shop moved to 179 Queen Street, Auckland, [6] (#cite_note-6) a more prestigious location with two streetfront windows. Julia's niece Ata Yates, who started in the Trilby Yates workroom in 1946, recalled the shop's exotic Oriental décor: "In one window there would be fresh flowers and in the other a mannequin dressed in something striking. The rest of the clothes were out of sight in wardrobes. The store was dark red and shadowy — you'd have to be brave to go in if you were an ordinary person." [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) In 1933 Trilby died young, and her daughter Digsy was cared for and later adopted by Julia. [2] (#cite_note-DressCircle-2) In the early 1930s, Julia changed the focus of the shop to high fashion and bespoke womenswear. She hired 22-year-old designer Nancy Hudson (/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1) , a graduate of the Elam School of Fine Arts (/wiki/Elam_School_of_Fine_Arts) who was designing made-to-order garments for the dressmaker Alice Thomas (/w/index.php?title=Alice_Thomas_(dressmaker)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Julia travelled overseas regularly in the 1930s to Paris (/wiki/Paris) and New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , bringing back expensive fabrics and ideas such as branded shopping bags to replace boxes. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) On one trip she was fascinated to see women wearing trousers "à la Dietrich (/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich) "; her early 1930s display of women's trousers she later created in the Auckland salon sparked an uproar and a "Current Controversies" column in the New Zealand Woman's Weekly (/wiki/New_Zealand_Woman%27s_Weekly) . Julia claimed to be the first woman in New Zealand to wear trousers, which by 1940 she did almost exclusively. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) She recalled being spat upon on Queen Street for wearing trousers, saying it was one of the most frightening experiences of her life. [2] (#cite_note-DressCircle-2) [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) 179 Queen Street, which from around 1930 to the early 1950s was the storefront of the company. The workroom at 26 Durham Street West, the street to the right, has not survived. The designs of Nancy Hudson made the label very successful in the 1940s, aided by US servicemen stationed in New Zealand purchasing clothes for their girlfriends. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As Julia put it, "as soon as we saw a Yankee (/wiki/Yankee) uniform walking through the door, we were sure of a sale." [2] (#cite_note-DressCircle-2) The store was redecorated in pink and cream with sliding-mirror cabinets; garments were made in a nearby workroom, on the second floor of 26 Durham St West, which was connected to the shop floor by an intercom (/wiki/Intercom) . [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Julia held a winter and spring 'opening' each year. These were major events, as former Trilby Yates designer Kate Lambourne recalled: "I was pushed aside and all but stepped on. Women in full bling fighting over a garment – and in one case a dress was torn apart. Julia would watch from her office chuckling away at the behaviour downstairs." [8] (#cite_note-8) Post-war years [ edit ] Trilby Yates was the starting place for many designers, such as Hall Ludlow (/w/index.php?title=Hall_Ludlow&action=edit&redlink=1) , who joined in 1945. Julia claimed Ludlow was "the first man in the country to make dresses". [2] (#cite_note-DressCircle-2) Nancy Hudson left Trilby Yates in the late 1940s to work in Australia, and was replaced by June Gould ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Todd), and then Maxine Sigglecoe. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) By the 1950s, Digsy Yates was a cutter and designer; when she left to get married, Julia retired. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) The business closed in the early 1950s, and staff found work at Emma Knuckey Gowns (/wiki/Emma_Knuckey) or Violet Gowns (/w/index.php?title=Violet_Gowns&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Ata Yates started a dressmaking business in Te Awamutu (/wiki/Te_Awamutu) . Digsy kept working as a dressmaker into the 1970s with her daughter, who was also named Trilby. Julia travelled the world extensively, and died in her 90s. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Pollock, Kerryn (22 October 2014). "Fashion and textile design - Fashion designers emerge, 1940s" (https://teara.govt.nz/en/fashion-and-textile-design/page-1) . Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Retrieved 23 September 2018 . ^ a b c d e Jenkins, Douglas Lloyd; Hammonds, Lucy; Regnault, Claire (2010). The Dress Circle: New Zealand fashion design since 1940 . Auckland: Godwit. pp. 24–29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781869621810 . ^ a b c d e f Dix, Kelly (October 2017). "Trilby Yates" (http://www.nzfashionmuseum.org.nz/t/trilby-yates/) . New Zealand Fashion Museum . Retrieved 23 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Page 10 Advertisements Column 6" (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19230811.2.110.6?items_per_page=10&query=%22trilby+yates%22+&sort_by=byDA) . The New Zealand Herald . 11 August 1923 . Retrieved 24 September 2018 . ^ a b c d e "Trailblazers: Julia Yates" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/trailblazers/news/article.cfm?c_id=1504553&objectid=12120544) . The New Zealand Herald . 18 September 2018 . Retrieved 23 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Table Talk" (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19300802.2.8?end_date=31-12-1937&items_per_page=10&page=5&query=%22trilby+yates%22&sort_by=byDA&start_date=01-01-1920&title=AS) . The New Zealand Herald . 2 August 1930 . Retrieved 24 September 2018 . ^ a b c d de Pont, Doris (2017). Walk the Walk: a history of fashion in the city (2nd ed.). Auckland: New Zealand Fashion Museum. p. 15. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9941147-4-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Secrets of A Lady's Paradise – inside the Trilby Yates salon" (https://nzdresscircle.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/secrets-of-a-ladys-paradise-inside-the-trilby-yates-salon/) . The Dress Circle . 18 July 2011 . Retrieved 23 September 2018 . 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British couturier and fashion designer Lindka Cierach Born Lindka Rosalind Wanda Cierach ( 1952-08-28 ) 28 August 1952 (age 71) Basutoland (/wiki/Basutoland) Nationality British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Occupation(s) Couturier (/wiki/Couturier) and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Lindka Rosalind Wanda Cierach is a British couturier (/wiki/Couturier) and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Notable clients include members of British (/wiki/British_royal_family) and European royal families, Helen Mirren (/wiki/Helen_Mirren) , [1] (#cite_note-1) Lady Victoria Hervey (/wiki/Lady_Victoria_Hervey) and Cherie Blair (/wiki/Cherie_Blair) [2] (#cite_note-2) among others. Early life [ edit ] Cierach was born in the British Crown colony (/wiki/British_Crown_colony) of Basutoland (/wiki/Basutoland) (now Lesotho (/wiki/Lesotho) ) [3] (#cite_note-3) on 8 June 1952 [4] (#cite_note-en.thinkexist.com-4) to Polish-British parents. She spent her early years in Africa. Cierach worked at Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) [5] (#cite_note-5) for a brief period of time before being educated at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . She was then apprenticed to Japanese designer Yuki. Career [ edit ] Cierach founded her own couture business, Lindka Cierach Couture in 1979. Her first commission was a wedding dress for a Bahraini princess, which enabled her to establish a client base in the Middle East. [6] (#cite_note-6) Cierach entered the global spotlight in 1986, when she designed the wedding dress for Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_York) 's marriage to The Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Cierach is quoted to have described the designing of the dress thus: "I wanted the Duchess of York's sense of fun and joy to come out in the dress. One day I woke up in the middle of the night and had dreamed it, and that was it". [4] (#cite_note-en.thinkexist.com-4) The Daily Telegraph reported: "Everyone, it seemed, could find nothing but praise for her wedding dress for the Duchess of York" . Cierach continues to dress members of the royal family, including The Princess Royal (/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal) [8] (#cite_note-8) and The Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge) . Cierach's other notable creations include a dress made of chocolate [ citation needed ] and the world's most expensive abaya. Cierach also appeared in the ITV Series Ladette to Lady (/wiki/Ladette_to_Lady) in 2006. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "This is London Magazine" (https://www.thisislondontickets.co.uk/) . This is London Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Cherie's designer gives Caplin the cold shoulder" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1449893/Cheries-designer-gives-Caplin-the-cold-shoulder.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . 20 December 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lindka Cierach" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110718191943/http://www.paralumun.com/fashcier.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.paralumun.com/fashcier.htm) on 18 July 2011. ^ a b "birthday june_8" (http://en.thinkexist.com/birthday/June_8/3_1.html) . en.thinkexist.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Lindka Cierach Authorised Biography – Debrett's People of Today, Lindka Cierach Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120808065218/http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/c/17911/Lindka%20Rosalind%20Wanda%20CIERACH.aspx) . Archived from the original (http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/c/17911/Lindka%20Rosalind%20Wanda%20CIERACH.aspx) on 8 August 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Browse Collections" (https://www.lindkacierach.com/browse-collections) . Lclc V2.0 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Lindka Cierach Put Fergie in Stitches for a Wedding Smash : People.com" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20094265,00.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Modern and glamorous style thanks to Princess's hairdresser" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1352589/Modern-and-glamorous-style-thanks-to-Princesss-hairdresser.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . 13 August 2000. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Lindka Cierach" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2432780/) . IMDb . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Ladette to Lady - Chef Rosemary Shrager turning on the heat in the kitchen" (http://www.hub-uk.com/interesting02/ladette-to-lady.htm) . www.hub-uk.com . External links [ edit ] Lindka Cierach Lifetime Collection \| British Couture \| London (https://www.lindkacierach.com/) Lindka Cierach (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/lindka-cierach/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/96491583) Artists ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500108326) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐72rjc Cached time: 20240714143915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.412 seconds Real time usage: 0.533 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2235/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23593/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2194/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41203/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.269/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6258749/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 508.130 1 -total 28.28% 143.719 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.83% 136.351 1 Template:Reflist 23.10% 117.366 10 Template:Cite_web 16.26% 82.629 1 Template:Authority_control 13.90% 70.629 1 Template:Short_description 9.04% 45.940 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.93% 40.279 2 Template:Pagetype 7.78% 39.513 1 Template:Cn 6.94% 35.252 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29054461-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714143915 and revision id 1212783726. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military uniforms (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_uniforms) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Military uniform (/wiki/Military_uniform) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. * Military badges (/wiki/Category:Military_badges) ‎ (4 C, 1 P) A Air force uniforms (/wiki/Category:Air_force_uniforms) ‎ (1 C, 5 P) Ancient Roman military clothing (/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_military_clothing) ‎ (8 P) Australian military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Australian_military_uniforms) ‎ (2 C, 15 P) B British military uniforms (/wiki/Category:British_military_uniforms) ‎ (2 C, 35 P, 1 F) C Canadian military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Canadian_military_uniforms) ‎ (1 C, 12 P) D Dutch military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Dutch_military_uniforms) ‎ (1 P) F French military uniforms (/wiki/Category:French_military_uniforms) ‎ (7 P) G German military uniforms (/wiki/Category:German_military_uniforms) ‎ (24 P) I Military insignia (/wiki/Category:Military_insignia) ‎ (17 C, 147 P, 3 F) M Military camouflage (/wiki/Category:Military_camouflage) ‎ (9 C, 5 P) Military hats (/wiki/Category:Military_hats) ‎ (49 P) Military ranks (/wiki/Category:Military_ranks) ‎ (14 C, 148 P) S Service dress uniforms (/wiki/Category:Service_dress_uniforms) ‎ (2 P) Soviet military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Soviet_military_uniforms) ‎ (18 P) Spanish military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Spanish_military_uniforms) ‎ (2 P) U Ukrainian military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_military_uniforms) ‎ (2 P) United States military uniforms (/wiki/Category:United_States_military_uniforms) ‎ (7 C, 34 P) Pages in category "Military uniforms" The following 127 pages are in this category, out of 127 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Military uniform (/wiki/Military_uniform) A Adjustierung (/wiki/Adjustierung) Aiguillette (/wiki/Aiguillette) Attila (clothing) (/wiki/Attila_(clothing)) B Baldric (/wiki/Baldric) Bandolier (/wiki/Bandolier) Barrel sash (/wiki/Barrel_sash) Bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) Brassard (/wiki/Brassard) Bull polishing (/wiki/Bull_polishing) Busby (military headdress) (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) C Cadet grey (/wiki/Cadet_grey) Camouflage beret (/wiki/Camouflage_beret) Campaign hat (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Quinto Cenni (/wiki/Quinto_Cenni) Chokha (/wiki/Chokha) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Combat helmet (/wiki/Combat_helmet) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Czechczery (/wiki/Czechczery) D Denison smock (/wiki/Denison_smock) Uniforms of the Royal Danish Army (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Danish_Army) Disruptive Pattern Material (/wiki/Disruptive_Pattern_Material) Doobon coat (/wiki/Doobon_coat) Dragoon helmet (/wiki/Dragoon_helmet) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) E Egyptian Army Uniform (/wiki/Egyptian_Army_Uniform) Eisenhower jacket (/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket) Epaulette (/wiki/Epaulette) Executive curl (/wiki/Executive_curl) F Facing colour (/wiki/Facing_colour) Field sign (/wiki/Field_sign) Flight jacket (/wiki/Flight_jacket) Flight suit (/wiki/Flight_suit) Forage cap (/wiki/Forage_cap) Fourragère (/wiki/Fourrag%C3%A8re) French (tunic) (/wiki/French_(tunic)) G Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Ganse cord (/wiki/Ganse_cord) Gorget (/wiki/Gorget) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Greek Army uniforms (/wiki/Greek_Army_uniforms) Guernsey (clothing) (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) Gymnastyorka (/wiki/Gymnastyorka) H Hackle (/wiki/Hackle) Headgear (/wiki/Headgear) I Uniforms of Iraqi Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_Iraqi_Armed_Forces) Italian Army gorget patches (/wiki/Italian_Army_gorget_patches) J Jackboot (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boot (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jump smock (/wiki/Jump_smock) Jungle boot (/wiki/Jungle_boot) K Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Kurtka (/wiki/Kurtka) L Lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) List of combat helmets (/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets) List of equipment uniforms of the Philippine Commonwealth Army (/wiki/List_of_equipment_uniforms_of_the_Philippine_Commonwealth_Army) M Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) Military tiara (/wiki/Military_tiara) Multi-Terrain Pattern (/wiki/Multi-Terrain_Pattern) N Nazareth Canvass and Garment Factory (/wiki/Nazareth_Canvass_and_Garment_Factory) Uniforms of the New Zealand Army (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_New_Zealand_Army) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) O Order of the Spur (/wiki/Order_of_the_Spur) P Pace stick (/wiki/Pace_stick) Pea coat (/wiki/Pea_coat) Peaked cap (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Physical training uniform (/wiki/Physical_training_uniform) Pillbox hat (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Pith helmet (/wiki/Pith_helmet) Podvorotnichok (/wiki/Podvorotnichok) Puttee (/wiki/Puttee) R Red Sea rig (/wiki/Red_Sea_rig) Rhodesian Brushstroke (/wiki/Rhodesian_Brushstroke) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces) S Sabretache (/wiki/Sabretache) Sailor cap (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Sam Browne belt (/wiki/Sam_Browne_belt) Scrambled egg (uniform) (/wiki/Scrambled_egg_(uniform)) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Shell jacket (/wiki/Shell_jacket) Shoulder belt (military) (/wiki/Shoulder_belt_(military)) Shoulder mark (/wiki/Shoulder_mark) Side cap (/wiki/Side_cap) Slouch hat (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Soldier 2000 (/wiki/Soldier_2000) Stalin tunic (/wiki/Stalin_tunic) Star Trek uniforms (/wiki/Star_Trek_uniforms) Swagger stick (/wiki/Swagger_stick) Swedish military uniforms (/wiki/Swedish_military_uniforms) T Tabard (/wiki/Tabard) Tally (cap) (/wiki/Tally_(cap)) Tam o' shanter (cap) (/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)) Tanker boot (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Tanzanian Armed Forces uniforms (/wiki/Tanzanian_Armed_Forces_uniforms) Tarleton hat (/wiki/Tarleton_hat) Telogreika (/wiki/Telogreika) Territory rig (/wiki/Territory_rig) Tiger stripe camouflage (/wiki/Tiger_stripe_camouflage) Trews (/wiki/Trews) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Tunic (military) (/wiki/Tunic_(military)) Turban helmet (/wiki/Turban_helmet) Type 07 (/wiki/Type_07) Type 97 Service Dress (/wiki/Type_97_Service_Dress) U Uniforms of the Imperial Japanese Army (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army) Modern Irish Army uniform (/wiki/Modern_Irish_Army_uniform) Uniforms of the Italian Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Italian_Armed_Forces) V Vine staff (/wiki/Vine_staff) Vista All Terrain Pattern (/wiki/Vista_All_Terrain_Pattern) VKPO uniform (/wiki/VKPO_uniform) W Waffenrock (/wiki/Waffenrock) Webbed belt (/wiki/Webbed_belt) Windproof smock (/wiki/Windproof_smock) List of World War II uniforms and clothing (/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_uniforms_and_clothing) X Xingkong (camouflage) (/wiki/Xingkong_(camouflage)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Military_uniforms&oldid=1161966079 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Military_uniforms&oldid=1161966079) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Military personal equipment (/wiki/Category:Military_personal_equipment) Uniforms (/wiki/Category:Uniforms) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 101–200 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_101%E2%80%93200_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
Type of slacks that have garish colors or patterns Go-to-hell pants Type trousers Go-to-hell pants are a type of slacks that have garish colors or patterns. The trousers have a classic cut. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) They are worn as casual dress, but typically the only outlandish piece in an outfit. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) Lime green is a popular color, but other colors are common. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) Patterns or embroidered figures are common as well, as long as they are not too transgressive. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) The term dates to the 1910s and refers to fashion disregarding norms of good taste. [2] (#cite_note-Glenn-2) The pants became very popular among east-coast (/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States) elites in the 1950s. [3] (#cite_note-Shapira-3) They came back into fashion in 2021. [4] (#cite_note-Hyland-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Birnbach, Lisa (1980). The official preppy handbook . New York: Workman Publishing. p. 193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780894801402 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 6762701 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6762701) . Retrieved 2 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glenn_2-0) Glenn, Joshua; Kingwell, Mark (29 September 2021). The Adventurer's Glossary . McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780228009481 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1246250152 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1246250152) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231101212327/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Adventurer_s_Glossary/rPYrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) from the original on 1 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Shapira_3-0) Shapira, J.A. (17 August 2015). "Go To Hell Pants: A Game of Sartorial Chicken" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/go-to-hell-pants/) . Gentleman's Gazette . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231101212320/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/go-to-hell-pants/) from the original on 1 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hyland_4-0) Hyland, Véronique (28 June 2021). "The Impolite Return of "Go-To-Hell Pants" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) " (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) . Elle . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173218/https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) from the original on 10 August 2022 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Top Bra (/wiki/Bra) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Bottom Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Training pants (/wiki/Training_pants) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit 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Pakistani-born British singer and model (born 1987) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Annie Khalid" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Annie+Khalid%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Annie+Khalid%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Annie+Khalid%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Annie+Khalid%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Annie+Khalid%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Annie+Khalid%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Annie Khalid عینی خالد Khalid during a concert tour in Punjab, Pakistan (/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan) , 2012 Background information Birth name Noor-ul-Ain Khalid Born ( 1987-03-27 ) 27 March 1987 (age 37) Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , Pakistan Origin Lahore, Pakistan Genres Pakistani pop (/wiki/Pakistani_popular_music) Occupation(s) Singer model Years active 2006–present Spouse(s) Malik Noureed Awan ( m. 2012; div. 2013) Saad Ahmed Khan ( m. 2014) Musical artist Noor-ul-Ain Khalid ( Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_language) : نور العین خالد ; born 27 March 1987), known professionally as Annie Khalid ( عینی خالد ), is a Pakistani-born British singer and model. She rose to fame in Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) in 2006, after releasing the single "Mahiya"; the song was used in the 2007 film Awarapan (/wiki/Awarapan) in India (/wiki/India) and became the most-played Pakistani song of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Early life [ edit ] Khalid was born to a Kashmiri (/wiki/Kashmiris) father and a Yemeni (/wiki/Yemenis) mother in the city of Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) on 27 March 1987. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) When she was six months old, the family left Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) and moved to the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , settling first in East London (/wiki/East_London) and later in Essex (/wiki/Essex) . [3] (#cite_note-GH-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Music [ edit ] Her first single, "Mahiya" became a massive hit in Pakistan, following its release in 2005. It was later used in the Indian film Awarapan (/wiki/Awarapan) . [5] (#cite_note-5) On 25 November 2010, Khalid released her UK debut single "Be My Baby" along with the remix of the track done by British DJ Judge Jules (/wiki/Judge_Jules) . [3] (#cite_note-GH-3) After meeting at a charity function, Khalid collaborated with the English–Norwegian boy band A1 (/wiki/A1_(band)) for a single "Just 3 Words" and went on tour with them, performing in Norway and the UK. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2011, Khalid was nominated as Best Female Singer at the Pakistan Media Awards (/wiki/Pakistan_Media_Awards) . In September 2013, she released the single "Boom Boom Danze" with Beenie Man (/wiki/Beenie_Man) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Modelling [ edit ] She walked at the 2010 L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) Karachi fashion week for BNS couture [3] (#cite_note-GH-3) and in 2011 for Ammar Belal. [8] (#cite_note-8) She was featured in LOOK magazine in June 2011. [ volume & issue needed ] The same month, she launched a café in Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , the AK Lounge. [9] (#cite_note-9) Charity [ edit ] She was appointed Norway's Red Cross Goodwill ambassador in 2011, after her efforts fundraising for Pakistani flood victims. [3] (#cite_note-GH-3) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Personal life [ edit ] In July 2012, Khalid married Pakistani businessman Malik Noureed Awan, but the couple divorced in 2013 by triple talaq. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) On 26 December 2014, she married British-Pakistani businessman Saad Ahmed Khan, with whom she has a daughter. [14] (#cite_note-14) Discography [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Annie Khalid during a concert Year Title Peak Positions Pakistan Albums Chart (/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_Albums_Chart&action=edit&redlink=1) Indian Albums Chart (/w/index.php?title=Indian_Albums_Chart&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006 Princess Released: 16 April 2006 Label: Formats: CD (/wiki/Compact_Disc) -- -- 2010 Kya Yehi Pyaar Hai Released: 10 November 2010 Label: Black pen, Fire (/wiki/Fire_Records_(Pakistan)) Formats: CD (/wiki/Compact_Disc) , digital download (/wiki/Music_download) – – Singles [ edit ] "Mahiya" Remix - Awarapan (/wiki/Awarapan) (2007) "Tenu Takiya", featuring RnB (/wiki/RnB) (2008) "Just Three Words", featuring A1 (/wiki/A1_(band)) (2012) "Vari Vari Jawan" "Humvee Assault" (2013) "Vote For Change" PTI Song (2014) "Boom Boom Danze", featuring Beenie Man (/wiki/Beenie_Man) Brand Ambassador (2014) "Kya Yehi Pyaar Hai" Bahadurabad (2014) "Tujhe Yaad Kiya" "Saada Haq Ithe Rakh"(2014) "Tharki Saala" "The Profligator" (2014) "Tu Wo To Nahi" "Gunstar Heroes" (2014) "Party Karlo" "Jaan e Jaan" Overkill Mafia (2015) "Be My Baby", Golden Axe (2015) "Princess" Jet Set Radio (2015) "Listen (Tujh Se Meri Jaan Hai)" Binary Domain (2015) "Kali Raat" Young Tarang (2016) "Do You See Me" Robot 2 (2015) See also [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Music portal (/wiki/Portal:Music) List of Pakistani musicians (/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_musicians) List of people from Lahore (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lahore) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "My dads side are Kashmiri and my mums side are from Yemen! (That's where I get the curls from)" (https://twitter.com/annie_khalid/status/194181889555316736) . Annie Khalid, Twitter. 22 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Chit chat: Annie unplugged" (https://www.dawn.com/news/453017) . Dawn . 28 March 2009 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ a b c d Scott, Linda (19 October 2010). "Music: Annie Khalid Launches "Be My Baby" in collaboration with Judge Jules" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160203095241/http://theglobalherald.com/music-annie-khalid-launches-be-my-baby-in-collaboration-with-judge-jules/6107/) . The Global Herald . Archived from the original (http://theglobalherald.com/music-annie-khalid-launches-be-my-baby-in-collaboration-with-judge-jules/6107/) on 3 February 2016 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tahseen, Nida (2 July 2011). "ANNIE KHALID: Maahiya girl exploring new avenues" (https://nation.com.pk/29-Jun-2014/annie-khalid-maahiya-girl-exploring-new-avenues) . The Nation . Pakistan . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Singer Annie Khalid signs up with Indian record label" (https://www.dawn.com/news/1137307) . Dawn . 11 October 2010 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ighanian, Catherine Gonsholt (12 May 2012). "Lover big Bollywood show on the "Golden Route": Pakistani Annie sings with A1" (https://www.vg.no/rampelys/musikk/i/XrAQg/lover-stort-bollywood-show-paa-gullruten-pakistanske-annie-synger-med-a1-beskyttes-av-livvakt) . VG (in Norwegian) . Retrieved 5 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sherwin, Adam (27 September 2013). " (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/pakistans-britney-spears-annie-khalid-seeks-fame-in-the-uk-dont-expect-her-to-twerk-for-it-8844833.html) 'Pakistan's Britney Spears' Annie Khalid seeks fame in the UK - don't" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/pakistans-britney-spears-annie-khalid-seeks-fame-in-the-uk-dont-expect-her-to-twerk-for-it-8844833.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/pakistans-britney-spears-annie-khalid-seeks-fame-in-the-uk-dont-expect-her-to-twerk-for-it-8844833.html) from the original on 7 May 2022 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Annie Khalid Walks the Ramp for Ammar Belal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110415232340/http://thefriendsfm.com/2011/04/annie-khalid-walks-the-ramp-for-ammar-belal/) . Thefriendsfm . 14 April 2011. Archived from the original (http://thefriendsfm.com/2011/04/annie-khalid-walks-the-ramp-for-ammar-belal/) on 15 April 2011 . Retrieved 5 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Annie Khalids Caf in Lahore" (https://nation.com.pk/19-Jun-2011/annie-khalids-caf-in-lahore) . The Nation . Pakistan. 19 June 2011 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Rice For Life" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032932/http://redhotcurry.com/food_and_drink/news/2011/rice-for-life.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.redhotcurry.com/food_and_drink/news/2011/rice-for-life.htm) on 13 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Annie Khalid Appointed Goodwill Ambassador for the International Red Cross" (http://www.pakium.com/2010/09/25/annie-khalid-appointed-goodwill-ambassador-for-the-international-red-cross) . Pakium.com . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Azhar, Madiha (16 July 2012). "Pop singer Annie ties the knot" (http://www.brecorder.com/arts-a-leisure/music/67996-pop-singer-annie-ties-the-knot.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160203095241/http://www.brecorder.com/arts-a-leisure/music/67996-pop-singer-annie-ties-the-knot.html) 3 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Business Recorder . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ahmed, Hassam (16 July 2012). "Pakistani Pop Singer Annie Khalid Ties Wedding Knot" (http://www.awamiweb.com/pakistani-pop-singer-annie-khalid-ties-wedding-knot-49944.html) . Awami Web. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Annie Khalid gets married to long-term fiancé, Saad Ahmed Khan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160313024029/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/entertainment/07-Oct-2015/annie-khalid-gets-married-to-long-term-fianc-saad-ahmed-khan) . Daily Times . 7 October 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/entertainment/07-Oct-2015/annie-khalid-gets-married-to-long-term-fianc-saad-ahmed-khan) on 13 March 2016 . Retrieved 12 March 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://anniekhalid.com) Annie (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3270531/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000382135779) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/121145969911532250087) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrWFF8gQcjjTvVPcttxjC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009208095) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/90afbd90-e8bc-4c65-b18b-975ef90b3b43) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐vvrlm Cached time: 20240720015859 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.645 seconds Real time usage: 0.839 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2931/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64046/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6756/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 15/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58953/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.447/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14832230/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 780.652 1 -total 42.25% 329.826 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 39.94% 311.831 1 Template:Infobox 20.40% 159.263 1 Template:Reflist 15.46% 120.653 1 Template:Nobold 15.15% 118.276 2 Template:Lang 13.98% 109.104 7 Template:Cite_news 9.36% 73.103 2 Template:Short_description 8.94% 69.771 2 Template:Marriage 8.54% 66.646 1 Template:BLP_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35510210-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720015859 and revision id 1219693312. 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Various Korean cosmetics products (peeling gel, essence, cleanser, toner, lotion and two types of creams) on a bathroom shelf Cosmetics have been used in Korea since antiquity. Today, cosmetics are an important industry in South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) . History [ edit ] Goryeo dynasty (/wiki/Goryeo_dynasty) cosmetic box Ancient times [ edit ] Records of the use of cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) in Korea (/wiki/Korea) date back to the time of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea) , and the use of makeup flourished during the Goryeo kingdom (/wiki/Goryeo_kingdom) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Cosmetics were made from lotions extracted from plants, including gourd stems; Ground mung bean (/wiki/Mung_bean) contains saponin (/wiki/Saponin) and was helpful for cleansing. Castor oils (/wiki/Castor_oil) and camellia oils (/wiki/Camellia_oil) were used as hair oil. They had a pleasant smell and were not sticky. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) To moisturise and add gloss to the skin, safflower oil was used. Apricot (/wiki/Apricot) and peach (/wiki/Peach) oils were used to remove freckles and liver spots. A powder called 'mibun' or 'baekbun' was made from ground rice and millet (/wiki/Millet) blended with water or oil. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Scents were added to extracts from grains and other plants, for example from dried clove buds. Perfume was also used to relieve stresses and tiredness. The Gyuhap Chongseo (/wiki/Gyuhap_Chongseo) , an ancient women's encyclopedia, includes various methods for making perfume. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) According to Gyuhap Chongseo , eyebrows were the central feature of a woman's face. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The work describes ten popular eyebrow shapes. Crescent or willow leaf shapes were most popular. Plant ash was the basic raw material used for eyebrow ink, with which women drew their eyebrows in various shapes. The primary colors were black, blue, and dark brown. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Yeonji is the Korean name of rouge, which was used to colour the lips and cheeks. It could be made from safflower (/wiki/Safflower) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In the Joseon period (/wiki/Joseon_period) , luxurious makeup was forbidden because of Confucianism. Upper-class women tended to copy the makeup and style of gisaeng (/wiki/Gisaeng) during this period. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Modern times [ edit ] Following the Treaty of Kanghwa (/wiki/Kanghwa_Treaty) in 1876, Korean ports opened to foreign trade and Western styles began to influence the country. New makeup styles and products became popular, stimulating Korea's cosmetics culture and enabling mass production and consumption. Bakgabun , which means Park's powder, was the first mass-produced cosmetics item in Korea. It was the first Korean face powder and was a bestseller from 1916 to 1930. However, because of its lead content, sales then fell rapidly and similar products were quickly launched. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As Korea became a Japanese colony in 1910, Japanese cosmetics dominated and Korean cosmetics failed to develop in the 1920s. After the country was no longer under Japanese control, the Korean War (/wiki/Korean_War) that began in 1950 further disrupted the economy. Finally, around 1961, the Korean cosmetics industry began to prosper after the passage of a law banning sales of other countries' products. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) End of the 2010s, South Korea banned cosmetics for which animal testing (/wiki/Animal_testing) was conducted. [2] (#cite_note-2) Contemporary times [ edit ] Main article: K-Beauty (/wiki/K-Beauty) Cosmetics and skincare in South Korean culture [ edit ] Korean people focus on skin care under the influence of TV programs, advertisements (/wiki/Advertisements) and tradition. Koreans highly value even, radiant skin, [3] (#cite_note-way-3) and Korean women tend to vary their beauty care regimen with the season. They use different kinds of moisturizers (/wiki/Moisturizer) such as cream for tightening pores ( BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) , blemish balm or beauty balm) and lotions for lightening the skin ( CC cream (/wiki/CC_cream) , colour correction or colour control). [3] (#cite_note-way-3) Koreans generally apply makeup every day because it offers sun protection (/wiki/Sunscreen) , a major concern. [4] (#cite_note-routine-4) [5] (#cite_note-bb-5) A big focus of Korean skincare is skin lightening, [6] (#cite_note-6) which is why many Korean cosmetic products have brightening properties. Skin brightening is not the same as skin bleaching, also known as skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) , which is a reduction of melanin (/wiki/Melanin) in the skin. Instead, skin lightening is focused on treating hyperpigmentation (/wiki/Hyperpigmentation) . Though the country's beauty standards are not set to change overnight many advancements and progress in the industry have been made. Advertisers have reduced the promotion of “glass skin” in their products as well as the industry is also started to be utilized by male consumers. Overall, though Korean beauty has gained popularity through the Korean wave, [7] (#cite_note-7) and has resulted in a worldwide phenomenon it also can be a negative industry for some. Korean men are also interested in skincare. Some use BB or CC cream. Cosmetics manufactured specifically for men in South Korea focus on soothing the skin after daily shaving. [8] (#cite_note-men-8) Industry [ edit ] South Korea is home to several large cosmetic brands, many of which export their products worldwide. [9] (#cite_note-amore-9) [10] (#cite_note-Tony-10) [11] (#cite_note-in-cos-11) They include: Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) , with brands including Laneige (/wiki/Laneige) , Etude House (/wiki/Etude_House) , Innisfree (/wiki/Innisfree_(cosmetics_brand)) , Sulwhasoo (/wiki/Sulwhasoo) and Mamonde (/wiki/Mamonde) LG (/wiki/LG) , with brands including Ĭsa Knox (/wiki/%C4%ACsa_Knox) and The Face Shop (/wiki/The_Face_Shop) Nature Republic (/wiki/Nature_Republic) See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosmetics in South Korea (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_in_South_Korea) . Coreana Cosmetic Museum (/wiki/Coreana_Cosmetic_Museum) K-Beauty (/wiki/K-Beauty) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Tracing history of cosmetics" (https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/01/135_129776.html) . the koreatimes . 31 January 2013 . Retrieved 1 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Korea Law Translation Center: COSMETICS ACT (Article 15-2) (https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=50282&lang=ENG) , Korea Legislation Research Institute. ^ a b Lee, Sue (5 October 2015). "The Korean way to pretty skin" (http://www.guampdn.com/story/life/2015/10/05/korean-skin-care/73071930/) . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-routine_4-0) March, Bridget (22 June 2017). "The Korean skincare routine, explained" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/beauty-trends/a42942/korean-skincare-routine-explained/) . UK Cosmospolitan . ^ (#cite_ref-bb_5-0) Shaw Brown, Genevieve. "Move Over BB Cream, Here Comes CC" (https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/move-bb-cream-cc/story?id=18816958) . abc news . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Li, Eric P. H.; Hyun Jeong Min; Belk, Russell W. (2008). "Skin Lightening and Beauty in Four Asian Cultures" (http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/v35/naacr_vol35_273.pdf) (PDF) . Advances in Consumer Research . 35 . Association for Consumer Research, University of Minnesota Duluth: 444–49. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lovisa, Ingels (2020). "The attraction of Korea: An empirical study on how country-of-origin affects consumers' perception and purchase intentions of Korean beauty products" (https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1453927&dswid=7365) . Diva . ^ (#cite_ref-men_8-0) Fujita, Akiko (May 2013). "South Korean Men Cosmetics-Crazed" (https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/lifestyle/2013/05/south-korean-men-cosmetics-crazed/) . ABC news . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-amore_9-0) Chung, Grace. "How South Korea's AmorePacific Became One Of The World's Most Innovative Companies" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/gracechung/2015/08/19/how-south-koreas-amorepacific-became-one-of-the-worlds-most-innovative-companies/#f4109e689cfd) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tony_10-0) "Top cosmetics company Tony Moly goes global" (http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3019027) . Korea JoongAng Daily (/wiki/Korea_JoongAng_Daily) . 22 May 2016 . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-in-cos_11-0) "97% visitor increase makes in-cosmetics Korea a dazzling success" (http://news.in-cosmetics.com/2016/10/97-visitor-increase-makes-in-cosmetics-korea-a-dazzling-success/) . in-cosmetics . Retrieved 15 November 2016 . 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Submission declined on 3 April 2024 by Dan arndt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan_arndt) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fabien+Montique%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fabien+Montique%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fabien+Montique%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fabien+Montique%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Fabien+Montique%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Fabien+Montique%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fabien+Montique%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Fabien+Montique%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Fabien_Montique) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Fabien_Montique&defaults=y) Declined by Dan arndt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) 3 months ago. Last edited by Dan arndt (/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fabienmontique&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 2 April 2024 by Dan arndt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan_arndt) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. The content of this submission includes material that does not meet Wikipedia's minimum standard for inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations) . Please cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) your sources using footnotes (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . For instructions on how to do this, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Thank you. Declined by Dan arndt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) 3 months ago. Comment: Still fails WP:MUSICBIO (/wiki/Wikipedia:MUSICBIO) - Podcasts and interviews are considered primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:PST) , which are not independent or reliable. Dan arndt (/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan_arndt) ) 04:20, 3 April 2024 (UTC) Comment: Fails WP:ANYBIO (/wiki/Wikipedia:ANYBIO) , lacks any sources or references. Dan arndt (/wiki/User:Dan_arndt) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan_arndt) ) 04:09, 2 April 2024 (UTC) multidisciplinary artist Fabien Montique Fabien Montique is a Barbados born multidisciplinary artist, now living in Paris, France. From a young age his interest in image was innate , from stitching the nike logo into denim to telling his mother what outfit to wear , Montique's aim is to tell stories and dreams with love , joy and hope through image whether that be a photo, a video, a tour experience and so on. Montique gained prominence for his captivating portraits and editorial work, often collaborating with renowned artists, musicians, and fashion brands. Montique has worked with a variety of high-profile clients and has built a strong reputation for his distinctive style and ability to capture the essence of his subjects. His photographs often convey a sense of intimacy and authenticity, making him a sought-after photographer in the industry. Photography is one aspect of image for montique, he also works as a director, art director and creative director. Montique, has cultivated a unique photographic style that has garnered attention in high-profile publications such as Vogue, GQ, Complex Magazine, and XXL. His career achievements include directing music videos for top artists like Zayn, Dream, Usher, 2 chainz, Lil Wayne Montique's collaborations extend across the fashion and music industries, having worked closely with Kanye West and Virgil Abloh. His contributions to Off-White, under Abloh’s direction, spanned various projects across fashion, campaigns, music, tours, and more. His work is characterized by a nuanced approach to dimension, light, and expression. Montique has also collaborated with brands such as Heron Preston, Calvin Klein, and Louis Vuitton. His first book, "SHAPES," which is a blend of photographs and playful cutouts, evokes the nostalgia of childhood One of Montique's remarkable projects includes creating dreamlike portraits on the beaches of Dakar for fashion houses like Givenchy, where he explored the boundaries between fantasy and reality. Montique's work is not only visually striking but often engages with the concept of "play," showcasing his creative and hard-working ethos Through his innovative visual storytelling, Montique continues to make significant contributions to both the fashion and music industries, blending them together in a unique and captivating way. PODCAST (https://player.fm/series/cast-2970978/fabien-montique-prized-photographer) INTERVIEW (https://www.fhcm.paris/en/news/a-take-on-fashion-fabien-montique) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐96866fccf‐l5qcw Cached time: 20240717144551 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user] CPU time usage: 0.251 seconds Real time usage: 0.407 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1746/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 100913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7870/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8798/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.106/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2713713/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 363.837 1 -total 73.55% 267.607 2 Template:AFC_submission 68.42% 248.955 2 Template:AfC_submission/declined 66.15% 240.679 2 Template:Ombox 32.12% 116.880 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 31.21% 113.536 4 Template:Hidden 19.13% 69.606 1 Template:Short_description 15.89% 57.810 1 Template:Pagetype 11.10% 40.399 1 Template:Find_sources 6.84% 24.878 1 Template:Columns-list Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76511889-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717144551 and revision id 1216990800. 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American fashion designer Lirika Matoshi Born 1996 (age 27–28) Label Lirika Matoshi Family Teuta Matoshi (/wiki/Teuta_Matoshi) (sister) Website www (http://www.lirikamatoshi.com) .lirikamatoshi (http://www.lirikamatoshi.com) .com (http://www.lirikamatoshi.com) Lirika Matoshi (born 1996) is a Kosovo-Albanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Kosovo) fashion designer based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) who gained prominence through the Internet. Matoshi is noted for her whimsical and feminine designs. Personal life [ edit ] Matoshi grew up in Pristina (/wiki/Pristina) , the capital of Kosovo (/wiki/Kosovo) and lived through the Kosovo War (/wiki/Kosovo_War) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She is one of nine siblings in a Kosovo Albanian (/wiki/Kosovo_Albanian) family. Her older sister Teuta Matoshi (/wiki/Teuta_Matoshi) is also a fashion designer. Another sister, Sanije, also helps with the businesses. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Matoshi moved to the U.S. in 2016 to pursue a degree from the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) . When her application was rejected she continued to design independently from a studio in the Bronx. Matoshi made headlines in 2017 when she customized a pair of tights by embellishing them. After posting an image of the tights on her personal Instagram page the image was shared by numerous fashion bloggers and Matoshi began selling versions of the tights after receiving requests for them. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2017 one of her designs was also worn by singer Elle King (/wiki/Elle_King) to the Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2020 another of Matoshi's designs similarly went viral. Made of a tulle fabric featuring a pattern of glittered strawberries the dress lead to a 1000% increase in sales for Matoshi. [5] (#cite_note-5) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) dubbed Matoshi's design "the dress of the summer". [6] (#cite_note-6) Lirika Matoshi received recognition from the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports in Kosovo, Vlora Dumoshi, and Deputy Minister, Halil Matoshi, in August 2020. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Cottagecore (/wiki/Cottagecore) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kosova Albanian fashion designer who took TikTok by storm" (https://www.ukalbanians.net/kosovo-albanian-fashion-designer-who-took-tiktok-by-storm/) . UK AN . 21 August 2020 . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pustina, Patris (11 August 2020). "Kosovo Designer Lirika Matoshi's Strawberry Dress Has the Internet Swooning" (https://exit.al/en/2020/08/11/kosovo-designer-lirika-matoshis-strawberry-dress-has-the-internet-swooning/) . Exit News . Retrieved 21 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bateman, Kristen. "These Embellished Fishnets Are an Instagram Sensation" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/lirika-matoshi-designer-instagram-fishnet-tights.html) . Retrieved 2 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Mizoguchi, Karen. "Elle King admits to being 'high AF' at Grammys" (https://ew.com/grammys/2017/02/14/elle-king-high-grammys/) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved 2 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sloane, Isabel (18 August 2020). "The Strawberry Dress That Ate TikTok" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/18/style/strawberry-dress-tiktok-instagram-who-designed-where-to-get.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Spellings, Sarah (12 August 2020). "How Did This Dress Get So Popular in a Pandemic?" (https://www.vogue.com/article/strawberry-dress-lirika-matoshi-popular) . Retrieved 2 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Ministra Dumoshi i ndan mirënjohje stilistes Lirika Matoshi" (https://www.mkrs-ks.org/?page=1,6,2331) . MKRS (in Albanian). 24 August 2020 . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . External links [ edit ] Lirika Matoshi (https://www.instagram.com/lirika.matoshi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) (business) Lirika Matoshi (https://www.instagram.com/lirikamatoshi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) (personal) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐8sc2h Cached time: 20240623115648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.250 seconds Real time usage: 0.345 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2076/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16204/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1485/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27602/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.155/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5948544/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 329.688 1 -total 36.01% 118.715 1 Template:Infobox_person 32.99% 108.766 1 Template:Reflist 26.10% 86.059 5 Template:Cite_web 20.33% 67.041 1 Template:Short_description 11.20% 36.937 2 Template:Pagetype 10.14% 33.429 20 Template:Main_other 9.05% 29.822 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.62% 21.837 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age 5.76% 18.991 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65199074-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623115648 and revision id 1156961351. 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Discontinued brand of sunscreen Bain de Soleil l Product type Sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) Owner Bayer Healthcare LLC Country United States Introduced 1925 ; 99 years ago ( 1925 ) Discontinued December 2019 [1] (#cite_note-1) Website baindesoleil.com (http://www.baindesoleil.com/) Bain de Soleil was a brand of sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) [2] (#cite_note-2) that was produced by Bayer (/wiki/Bayer) . It was affiliated with the Coppertone (/wiki/Coppertone) brand. The name Bain de Soleil is French for "sun bathing." The brand used the slogan "Welcome to a place more colorful." In the 1970s and 1980s, the brand used the slogan (especially featured in television commercials) "Bain de Soleil, for the St. Tropez (/wiki/St._Tropez) tan." The brand was discontinued in December 2019. Products [ edit ] The brand is known for low- SPF (/wiki/Sun_protection_factor) products that are typically marketed to women seeking skin tanning. Current product lineup includes: Orange Gelée SPF 4 Spray Transpâre SPF 10 Mega Tan SPF 4 History [ edit ] According to the website: [3] (#cite_note-3) In the 1920s, the famous, trend-setting Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , sporting deeply sun-bronzed skin, turned tanning into a fashion statement. In 1925, capitalizing on this fashion trend, Monsieur Antonine of Paris (/wiki/Paris) developed an Orange Gelée dark tanning formula called "Antoine de Paris". The Orange Gelée formula continued to thrive in Europe (/wiki/Europe) into the 1940s when Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) , a New York (/wiki/New_York_City) based company introduced the silky sensuous gel in the United States as Antoine's Bain de Soleil...translated as Antoine's bath of the sun. The Bain de Soleil brand transitioned from Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) to Pfizer in August 1995. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The product recipes and certain pieces of manufacturing and packaging equipment were relocated from Hatboro, PA (P&G) to Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Group in Parsippany, New Jersey around October 1995. From November 1995 to 1999, the product was manufactured and packaged at the Pfizer CHCG 100 Jefferson Road, Parsippany, NJ site. During this time, the brand saw the largest portfolio enlargement, including self-tanning (/wiki/Sunless_tanning) (sunless) and after-sun products. These products were all formulated at the same Pfizer site at the 400 Webro Road laboratories. Between 1995 and 1999, the following Bain de Soleil products were marketed: Sandbuster Sand-Resistant Oil SPF 2 Tropical Deluxe SPF 4 Mega-Tan SPF 4 Mademoiselle SPF 4 Mademoiselle SPF 8 Mademoiselle SPF 15 All Day SPF 4 All Day SPF 8 All Day SPF 15 All Day SPF 30 All Day Kids SPF 30 All Day Gentle Block SPF 30 SPF + Color SPF 8 - line renamed to "Sunless Tanning Creme with Sunblock" SPF + Color SPF 15 SPF + Color SPF 30 Sunless Light Sunless Dark Sunless Deep Dark Sunless Tanning Spray Dark Sunless Tanning Spray Deep Dark Apres Soleil After Sun Revitalizing Aloe Mist Apres Soleil After Sun Moisture Replenishing Lotion Orange Gelee SPF 4 Orange Gelee SPF 8 Orange Gelee SPF 15 Orange Gelee SPF 30 Ecran Solaire SPF 15 - Canada Ecran Solaire SPF 30 Kids - Canada Product development scientists at Pfizer CHCG were John A. Scott (group manager), Alice Scheiner (after sun and high-SPF products), Eric M. Stroud (sunless products), Judy Meyer, Andrew Ortega, and Mary Williams (packaging). Two innovations in 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (/wiki/Dihydroxyacetone) stability were invented during this time. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The entire brand was eventually divested on October 7, 1999, to Schering-Plough. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Coppertone (sunscreen) (/wiki/Coppertone_(sunscreen)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Bayer consumer website ^ (#cite_ref-2) GELLENE, DENISE (1987-06-17). "Revlon Buys Several Fragrance Brands" (http://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-17/business/fi-4532_1_almay) . Los Angeles Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0458-3035 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035) . Retrieved 2018-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bain de Soleil History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090902000622/http://www.baindesoleil.com/baindesoleil/history.jsp) . 18 August 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.baindesoleil.com/baindesoleil/history.jsp) on 2 September 2009 . Retrieved 2009-08-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "* :: Scrip" (https://scrip.pharmamedtechbi.com/deals/199520361) . Scrip . Retrieved 2017-10-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Pfizer acquires Bain de Soleil business from P&G; indicates plans to reposition brand" (https://pink.pharmamedtechbi.com/PS084216/Pfizer-acquires-Bain-de-Soleil-business-from-PampG-indicates-plans-to-reposition-brand) . Pink Sheet . 1995-08-21 . Retrieved 2017-10-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) CA 2306040 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=CA2306040) , Scott, John A.; Ortega, Alejandro V. & Stroud, Eric M., "Coloring agent-containing sunless tanning compositions", published 11 Jan 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-7) EP 0884045 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0884045) , Scott, John Alexander & Stroud, Eric Matthew, "Self-tanning dihydroxyacetone formulations having improved stability and providing enhanced delivery", published Dec 16, 1998 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Schering buys Bain de Soleil - Oct. 7, 1999" (https://money.cnn.com/1999/10/07/companies/schering/) . money.cnn.com . Retrieved 2017-10-04 . External links [ edit ] Bain de Soleil (http://www.baindesoleil.com/) v t e Sunscreening agents (/wiki/Sunscreen) approved by the US FDA (/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration) or other agencies UV (/wiki/Ultraviolet) A: 400–315 nm UVB: 315–290 nm Chemical agents unless otherwise noted UVA filters Avobenzone (Parsol 1789) (/wiki/Avobenzone) Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP) (/wiki/Bisdisulizole_disodium) Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus) (/wiki/Diethylamino_hydroxybenzoyl_hexyl_benzoate) Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX) (/wiki/Ecamsule) Menthyl anthranilate (/wiki/Menthyl_anthranilate) UVB filters Amiloxate (/wiki/Amiloxate) 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (/wiki/4-Aminobenzoic_acid) Cinoxate (/wiki/Cinoxate) Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150) (/wiki/Ethylhexyl_triazone) Homosalate (/wiki/Homosalate) 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene) (/wiki/Enzacamene) Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate) (/wiki/Octyl_methoxycinnamate) Octyl salicylate (Octisalate) (/wiki/Octyl_salicylate) Padimate O (Escalol 507) (/wiki/Padimate_O) Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole) (/wiki/Ensulizole) Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX) (/wiki/Polysilicone-15) Trolamine salicylate (/wiki/Trolamine_salicylate) UVA+UVB filters Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S) (/wiki/Bemotrizinol) Benzophenones 1–12 (/wiki/Benzophenone-n) Dioxybenzone (/wiki/Dioxybenzone) Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL) (/wiki/Drometrizole_trisiloxane) Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB) (/wiki/Iscotrizinol) Octocrylene (/wiki/Octocrylene) Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360) (/wiki/Oxybenzone) Sulisobenzone (/wiki/Sulisobenzone) Hybrid (chemical/physical): Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M) (/wiki/Bisoctrizole) Physical: Titanium dioxide (/wiki/Titanium_dioxide) Zinc oxide (/wiki/Zinc_oxide) See also: Photoprotection (/wiki/Photoprotection) , Sun protective clothing (/wiki/Sun_protective_clothing) , Sun tanning (/wiki/Sun_tanning) , and Sunburn (/wiki/Sunburn) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐nb45r Cached time: 20240712165711 Cache expiry: 1666970 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.298 seconds Real time usage: 0.392 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1734/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28125/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2683/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31404/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.200/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4150924/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 364.301 1 -total 37.86% 137.923 1 Template:Reflist 29.50% 107.466 1 Template:Sunscreening_agents 28.95% 105.458 1 Template:Navbox 24.78% 90.269 2 Template:Cite_news 18.71% 68.168 1 Template:Short_description 13.06% 47.576 1 Template:Infobox_brand 12.20% 44.449 1 Template:Infobox 11.14% 40.584 2 Template:Pagetype 5.83% 21.247 1 Template:See_also Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23703755-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712165711 and revision id 1223575173. 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American brands (/wiki/Category:American_brands) Products introduced in 1925 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1925) Products and services discontinued in 2019 (/wiki/Category:Products_and_services_discontinued_in_2019) Drugs developed by Bayer (/wiki/Category:Drugs_developed_by_Bayer) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Submission declined on 18 April 2024 by Chaotic Enby (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Chaotic_Enby) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Chaotic_Enby) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22ColieCo+Lingerie%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:ColieCo_Lingerie) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:ColieCo_Lingerie&defaults=y) Declined by Chaotic Enby (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Chaotic_Enby) 2 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot (/wiki/User:Citation_bot) 2 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:ACN2012&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Lingerie and swimwear brand ColieCo Lingerie Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2011 Headquarters Sagres, Portugal Key people Nicole Coates, Founder Products Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) , Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , Swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) Website coliecolingerie (https://coliecolingerie.com) .com (https://coliecolingerie.com) ColieCo Lingerie is a direct-to-customer lingerie, underwear and swimwear brand based in Sagres_(Vila_do_Bispo) (/wiki/Sagres_(Vila_do_Bispo)) , Portugal (/wiki/Portugal) . The brand was established in the UK in 2011 by fashion design graduate Nicole Coates and migrated to Portugal in 2016. [1] (#cite_note-Tomorrow_Algarve-1) Employing a made-to-order, slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) manufacturing model and pledging to use only sustainable and sustainably-sourced fabrics and other components, [2] (#cite_note-2) ColieCo is rated as a 'Great' brand by ethical fashion brand rating website Good on You. [3] (#cite_note-3) As well as being featured by industry publications, [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) ColieCo has also received coverage in global fashion and lifestyle magazines [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Hello-7) and the mainstream UK [8] (#cite_note-8) and Portuguese press. [1] (#cite_note-Tomorrow_Algarve-1) In 2023, ColieCo was named the best sustainable underwear brand for wire-free bras and bralettes by UK lifestyle magazine HELLO! (/wiki/HELLO!) Fashion. [7] (#cite_note-Hello-7) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://coliecolingerie.com) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Dolan, Saor-Ide (1 September 2023). "Can You See the Wood Through The Trees?" (https://tomorrowalgarve.com/can-you-see-the-wood-through-the-trees/) . Tomorrow Algarve . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "All about sustainability" (https://coliecolingerie.com/pages/sustainability) . ColieCo Lingerie . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "ColieCo - Sustainability Rating" (https://directory.goodonyou.eco/brand/colieco) . Good on You . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ISpy! ColieCo Lingerie" (https://underlinesmagazine.com/2018/06/27/ispy-colieco-lingerie/) . Underlines Magazine . 27 June 2018 . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Victoria's Secret Losing Sales To Smaller Lingerie Start-Ups" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210804213155/https://independentretailer.com/victorias-secret-losing-sales-to-smaller-lingerie-start-ups/) . Independent Retailer . 22 July 2018. Archived from the original (https://independentretailer.com/victorias-secret-losing-sales-to-smaller-lingerie-start-ups/) on 4 August 2021 . Retrieved 18 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "7 Indie (and Affordable!) Lingerie Brands That Should Be on Your Radar" (https://www.glamour.com/gallery/indie-affordable-lingerie-brands) . GLAMOUR . 26 July 2017 . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "10 of the best sustainable underwear brands to have on your radar for 2023" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/hfm/20220516140359/sustainable-underwear-brands-that-you-need-to-know-about/) . HELLO! . 10 January 2023 . Retrieved 18 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "9 best sustainable lingerie brands you need to know about" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210501085838/https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty/lingerie/best-sustainable-lingerie-brands-set-women-bra-underwear-knickers-bralette-a9619616.html) . The Independent . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty/lingerie/best-sustainable-lingerie-brands-set-women-bra-underwear-knickers-bralette-a9619616.html) on 1 May 2021 . Retrieved 18 April 2024 . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:ColieCo_Lingerie&oldid=1219665401 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:ColieCo_Lingerie&oldid=1219665401) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : AfC submissions by date/18 April 2024 (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_by_date/18_April_2024) Draft articles on fashion (/wiki/Category:Draft_articles_on_fashion) Draft articles on business and economics (/wiki/Category:Draft_articles_on_business_and_economics) AfC submissions on organisations existing today (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_on_organisations_existing_today) Hidden categories: AfC submissions declined as an advertisement (/wiki/Category:AfC_submissions_declined_as_an_advertisement) Declined AfC submissions (/wiki/Category:Declined_AfC_submissions)
Traditional dress of Lepcha men Lepcha man (/wiki/Lepcha_people) wearing a dumpra. Dumpra (also dumprá ; Lepcha (/wiki/Lepcha_language) for "male dress") is the traditional dress of Lepcha men (/wiki/Lepcha_people) . It consists of a multicolored, hand-woven cloth pinned at one shoulder and held in place by a waistband called a gyatomu , usually worn over a white shirt and trousers. With it, men wear a flat round cap called a thyáktuk , with stiff black velvet sides and a multicolored top topped by a knot. Rarely, the traditional cone-shaped bamboo (/wiki/Bamboo) and rattan (/wiki/Rattan) hats are worn. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Lepcha people (/wiki/Lepcha_people) Dumdyam (/wiki/Dumdyam) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Plaisier, Heleen (2007). A Grammar of Lepcha . Tibetan studies library: Languages of the greater Himalayan region. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands; Boston: Brill (/wiki/Brill_Publishers) . p. 4. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-15525-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dubey, S. M (1980). S. M. Dubey; P. K. Bordoloi; B. N. Borthakur (eds.). Family, marriage, and social change on the Indian fringe . Cosmo. pp. 53, 56 . Retrieved 2012-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thakur, Rudranand (1988). Himalayan Lepchas . Archives Publishers, Distributors. p. 131 . Retrieved 2012-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Patra, Chittaranjan (1991). Present Buddhist tribals and vihāras in West Bengal . Sarkar & Co. p. 59. v t e Clothing in South Asia History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Clothes Achkan (/wiki/Achkan) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Antriya (/wiki/Antriya) Argon (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Bakhu/Kho (/wiki/Kho_(costume)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) Dhakai shari (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dumdyam (/wiki/Dumdyam) Dumpra Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Farshi Pajama (/wiki/Farshi_Pajama) Ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) Ghoonghat (/wiki/Ghoonghat) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Gamosa (/wiki/Gamosa) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Gho (/wiki/Gho) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Kabney (/wiki/Kabney) Kasta sari (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kaupina(m) (/wiki/Kaupinam) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Lehenga-style sari (/wiki/Lehenga-style_sari) Langa voni (/wiki/Langa_voni) Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Madisar (/wiki/Madisar) Mekhela chador (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Mufti (/wiki/Mufti_(dress)) Mujib coat (/wiki/Mujib_coat) Mundu (/wiki/Mundu) Mundum neriyatum (/wiki/Mundum_neriyatum) Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Patiala salwar (/wiki/Patiala_salwar) Pheran (/wiki/Pheran) Pinon hadi (/wiki/Pinon_hadi) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(garment)) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sambalpuri sari (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Kerala sari (/wiki/Kerala_sari) Tant shari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Toego (/wiki/Toego) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) Wonju (/wiki/Wonju_(Bhutan)) Headgear Bhaad-gaaule topi (/wiki/Bhaad-gaaule_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Gandhi cap (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Spanish fashion and fragrance company Puig Brands, S.A. Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) BMAD (/wiki/Bolsa_de_Madrid) : PUIG (http://www.bolsamadrid.es/ing/aspx/Empresas/FichaValor.aspx?ISIN=ES0105777017&id=ing) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) and fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) Founded 1914 ; 110 years ago ( 1914 ) Founder Antonio Puig Headquarters Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , Spain Area served Worldwide Key people Marc Puig ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 4.3 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-ft23-1) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) €465 million (2023) [1] (#cite_note-ft23-1) Number of employees 11,124 (2023) [2] (#cite_note-2) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) L'Artisan Parfumeur (/wiki/L%27Artisan_Parfumeur) Penhaligon's (/wiki/Penhaligon%27s) ISDIN (/w/index.php?title=ISDIN&action=edit&redlink=1) Uriage Apivita (/w/index.php?title=Apivita&action=edit&redlink=1) Charlotte Tilbury Beauty (/wiki/Charlotte_Tilbury_Beauty) [3] (#cite_note-marcas-3) Byredo (/wiki/Byredo) Unive (/wiki/Unive) Website puig (http://puig.com) .com (http://puig.com) Puig Brands, S.A. (commonly Puig ; Catalan pronunciation: [ˈputʃ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan) ) is a Spanish fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) company founded in 1914 by Antonio Puig Castelló in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , Catalonia (/wiki/Catalonia) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , and still managed by the Puig family. Puig markets its products in 150 countries and is directly present in 26 of them, employing 4,472 people worldwide. [4] (#cite_note-data18-4) In 2018, it had €2 billion in net revenues and €242 million in net income (/wiki/Net_income) . [5] (#cite_note-datos-5) [6] (#cite_note-datos11-6) [7] (#cite_note-datos12-7) [8] (#cite_note-datos13-8) [9] (#cite_note-data14-9) [10] (#cite_note-data15-10) [11] (#cite_note-data17-11) [4] (#cite_note-data18-4) Both in the fashion and fragrances sector, Puig operates under the Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , and Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) brands. In the fashion industry, it is also the majority shareholder of Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) and Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) . [12] (#cite_note-Jean_Paul-12) In perfumes, it operates L'Artisan Parfumeur (/wiki/L%27Artisan_Parfumeur) , Penhaligon's (/wiki/Penhaligon%27s) and under the license of the brands Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) , Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Adolfo Dominguez (/wiki/Adolfo_Dominguez) , Antonio Banderas (/wiki/Antonio_Banderas) , Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) and Benetton (/wiki/Benetton_Group) . [3] (#cite_note-marcas-3) In cosmetics it operates through the French Uriage, majority-owned subsidiares, the British Charlotte Tilbury (/wiki/Charlotte_Tilbury) and the Greek Apivita, and the Spanish joint-venture Isdin. [3] (#cite_note-marcas-3) History [ edit ] Former Puig headquarters, in Travessera de Gràcia (/wiki/Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia) , Barcelona The company's origins date back to 1914 when Antonio Puig Castelló founded the company. Initially the company took the name of its founder, being called Antonio Puig SA (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) . From the beginning, the company oriented its business towards the cosmetic (/wiki/Cosmetics) and fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) sectors. [13] (#cite_note-inicio-13) In 1922, the company marketed Milady , the first lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) made in Spain. [14] (#cite_note-historia-14) In the 1940s the company started marketing the fragrance Agua Lavanda Puig, [15] (#cite_note-water-15) which became one of the flagship products of the company. [16] (#cite_note-water2-16) During those same years, the founder Antonio Puig decided to move the factory and offices to a building located in Travessera de Gràcia (/wiki/Travessera_de_Gr%C3%A0cia) street, in the Gràcia (/wiki/Gr%C3%A0cia) district in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , where the headquarters of the company remain until 2014. [17] (#cite_note-El_Far-17) In the following years, the four sons of the founder joined the company. Although the transition took place gradually, Antonio Puig eventually delegated its decision-making to his sons: Antonio and Mariano (died 2021 [18] (#cite_note-18) ) would focus on the perfume area, Jose Maria on the diversification department, and Enrique on the institutional relationships. [14] (#cite_note-historia-14) The international expansion of the company began in 1959 with the building of a new factory in the industrial estate Besòs (/wiki/El_Bes%C3%B2s_i_el_Maresme) , in Barcelona, and also with the creation of the first branch office outside Spain, in the United States. The US branch office was boosted by a letter written by a Spanish student in the University of Iowa (/wiki/University_of_Iowa) , who lamented the impossibility of buying Agua Lavanda Puig in the US, as it was confirmed years later by company sources. [19] (#cite_note-USA-19) In 1968, Puig opened a branch office in Paris, at the same time that the company incorporated the Spanish designer brand Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) . In 1969, as a result of this collaboration the fragrance Calandre began to be marketed. [20] (#cite_note-PR-20) In 1976, the company built a perfumery factory in Chartres (/wiki/Chartres) , France (/wiki/France) . [21] (#cite_note-Chartres-21) In 1987 Puig acquired Paco Rabanne's Fashion House. [22] (#cite_note-PRabanne-22) One of the key milestones in the international expansion was the agreement reached in the 1980s with the Venezuelan designer Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to create and market all her fragrances. Years later, in 1995, Carolina Herrera fashion business area also joined Puig. In 1997, Puig reached an agreement with Antonio Banderas (/wiki/Antonio_Banderas) for the creation and subsequent commercialization of the brand Antonio Banderas Fragrances . The following year the company acquired the brand Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) , keeping up with the policy of acquiring prestigious brands. [14] (#cite_note-historia-14) In 1999 the Puig family refounded the company, renaming it "Puig Beauty & Fashion Group", but maintaining the same structure and the three business lines: fashion, fragrances, and cosmetics. Puig acquired Spanish companies Perfumes Gal and Myrurgia (/w/index.php?title=Myrurgia&action=edit&redlink=1) . [23] (#cite_note-gal-23) [24] (#cite_note-Myrurgia-24) Also as the result of these procurements the brands Adolfo Dominguez (/wiki/Adolfo_Dominguez) , Massimo Dutti (/wiki/Massimo_Dutti) , and Heno de Pravia (/w/index.php?title=Heno_de_Pravia&action=edit&redlink=1) , among others, were assimilated into Puig. [14] (#cite_note-historia-14) [25] (#cite_note-Adolfo-25) In 2002, the Japanese fashion firm Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) joined the company and only a year later it was the turn of the Italian Prada (/wiki/Prada) . Both companies became part of Puig’s catalogue of fragrances. [26] (#cite_note-Comme-26) [27] (#cite_note-Prada-27) Marc Puig (/w/index.php?title=Marc_Puig&action=edit&redlink=1) , member of the third generation of the family, became the General Director [28] (#cite_note-cúpula-28) and eventually CEO in 2007, leaving Manuel Puig as vice president. [29] (#cite_note-cúpula2-29) In 2008 the new management reached an agreement with the Colombian (/wiki/Colombia) singer Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) for the development of her fragrances. [30] (#cite_note-shakira-30) In 2009 Puig Beauty & Fashion Group changed its trade name for the second time, becoming known simply as Puig. [31] (#cite_note-Nombre-31) In 2010, Puig acquired the perfume and cosmetics license for Italian designer Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) . [32] (#cite_note-Valentino-32) Puig also became the majority shareholder of Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , buying the 45% of the shares Jean Paul Gaultier Fashion House from the French group Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) and 10% of Jean Paul Gaultier himself, who stayed on as Artistic Director until his retirement in January 2020. [33] (#cite_note-Gaultier-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) During 2013, Puig moved its headquarters in France (/wiki/France) to the well known Champs-Élysées (/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [35] (#cite_note-Paris-35) Torre Puig, Plaza Europa (/wiki/Plaza_Europa) , Hospitalet de Llobregat (/wiki/Hospitalet_de_Llobregat) ( Barcelona (/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona) ) In 2014, the company celebrated the centenary of its establishment with the inauguration of the new headquarters, located in Plaza de Europa (/wiki/Plaza_de_Europa) of Hospitalet de Llobregat (/wiki/Hospitalet_de_Llobregat) , called Torre Puig. This tower is a work of architect Rafael Moneo (/wiki/Rafael_Moneo) , laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize (/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize) , and GCA Arquitectos. The building was inaugurated by the Prince of Asturias (/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias) . At the entrance of the building there is a statue from Joan Miró (/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3) , ceded for 2 years by Fundació Joan Miró (/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Joan_Mir%C3%B3) . [36] (#cite_note-Torre1-36) [37] (#cite_note-Torre2-37) [38] (#cite_note-Torre3-38) [39] (#cite_note-Torre4-39) In January 2015, Puig acquired fragrance brands Penhaligons and L'Artisan Parfumeur. [14] (#cite_note-historia-14) During 2018, Puig acquired several niche brands, including a majoritary shareholding of Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) ; boosting at the same time the development of Penhaligon's (/wiki/Penhaligon%27s) and L'Artisan Perfumeur (/w/index.php?title=L%27Artisan_Perfumeur&action=edit&redlink=1) . Besides that, the company has also completed a majoritary shareholding of Eric Buterbaugh Los Ángeles (/wiki/Eric_Buterbaugh) , as well as reached an agreement with Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) , in order to develop its beauty business. [40] (#cite_note-Puig19-40) In 2024, Dries Van Noten announced his retirement, stepping down from his namesake label. Puig is searching for a replacement with Van Noten's input. [41] (#cite_note-41) In April 2024, Puig announced plans for an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) (IPO) to raise more than €2.5 billion. [1] (#cite_note-ft23-1) The company completed its IPO the following month with a listing on the Madrid Stock Exchange (/wiki/Madrid_Stock_Exchange) , valuing Puig at close to €14bn. The Puig family continued to have majority voting shares of more than 90% following the offering. [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Market share [ edit ] As of 2012, Puig has five production plants, four of them located in Europe and another in Mexico, producing 331 million units of perfume each year. With that production, in 2010 Puig reached a worldwide share of 7.6% of the fragrance business, whereas five years earlier its global share was 3.5%. [5] (#cite_note-datos-5) Puig commercializes its products in 150 countries and is directly present in 26 of them, employing 4,472 people worldwide. In 2018, turnover reached 1,933 million euros in net revenues and 242 million euros in net income. [5] (#cite_note-datos-5) [6] (#cite_note-datos11-6) [7] (#cite_note-datos12-7) [8] (#cite_note-datos13-8) [9] (#cite_note-data14-9) [10] (#cite_note-data15-10) [11] (#cite_note-data17-11) [4] (#cite_note-data18-4) Sailing sponsorships [ edit ] One of the classic boats in 2010 Puig Vela Clàssica regatta The Puig family has always been strongly linked to the sailing (/wiki/Sailing_(sport)) world, especially in the figure of the late Enrique Puig, director of the company, president of the Salón Náutico and the Royal Barcelona Yacht Club (/wiki/Royal_Barcelona_Yacht_Club) . The company was the sponsor of the Copa del Rey de Vela (/w/index.php?title=Copa_del_Rey_de_Vela&action=edit&redlink=1) from 1984 to 2006. [44] (#cite_note-Enrique-44) Puig was the shipowner (/wiki/Ship-owner) and sponsor of the sailing boat (/wiki/Sailing_boat) "Azur de Puig". One of the usual crew of the sailboat was the Infanta Cristina (/wiki/Infanta_Cristina) , youngest daughter of King Juan Carlos I (/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain) . [45] (#cite_note-Infanta-45) Since 2008, in collaboration with the Royal Barcelona Yacht Club, the company boosts and sponsors the "Puig Vela Clàssica" race, which is held in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) waters in July every year. [46] (#cite_note-velaclásica-46) The main feature of this race is that it is reserved for traditional and classical boats only. This regatta is one of the main classical sailboats races of all those celebrated worldwide. [47] (#cite_note-clásica-47) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Jopson, Barney; Levingston, Ivan (8 April 2024). "Beauty group Puig looks to raise €2.5bn in IPO" (https://www.ft.com/content/d6cf2e91-49af-415a-a484-5c559e6ae5ef) . Financial Times . Archived (https://archive.today/20240408073945/https://www.ft.com/content/d6cf2e91-49af-415a-a484-5c559e6ae5ef) from the original on 8 April 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Puig Prospectus" (https://www.cnmv.es/webservices/verdocumento/ver?e=aKBEKsroActPpYlKpUhE96EpI%2BiFfPy6xtr5zzoQYHkQuBXcwhxHTTOZtrpRPSAM) . Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores. p. 95. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122010/https://www.cnmv.es/webservices/verdocumento/ver?e=aKBEKsroActPpYlKpUhE96EpI%2BiFfPy6xtr5zzoQYHkQuBXcwhxHTTOZtrpRPSAM) from the original on 2 May 2024 . Retrieved 5 May 2024 . ^ a b c "Puig" (https://www.puig.com/en/beauty-and-fashion/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220324050116/https://www.puig.com/en/beauty-and-fashion) from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 1 August 2014 . ^ a b c "Puig gana 242 millones en 2018, un 6% más, tras facturar 1.933 millones de euros" (https://www.expansion.com/empresas/distribucion/2019/05/09/5cd3e2a1e5fdeabc0e8b4642.html) . Expansión. 9 May 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190918181638/https://www.expansion.com/empresas/distribucion/2019/05/09/5cd3e2a1e5fdeabc0e8b4642.html) from the original on 18 September 2019 . Retrieved 19 July 2019 . ^ a b c "El benefici net del grup Puig creix un 57%" (http://www.elpuntavui.cat/noticia/article/4-economia/18-economia/395845-el-benefici-net-del-grup-puig-creix-un-57.html) . El Punt Avui. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130923072937/http://www.elpuntavui.cat/noticia/article/4-economia/18-economia/395845-el-benefici-net-del-grup-puig-creix-un-57.html) from the original on 23 September 2013 . Retrieved 26 April 2012 . ^ a b "Puig profit improves 19% to over 1,300 million in sales" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130925190510/http://www.expansion.com/2012/04/12/catalunya/1334231403.html?a=3b0ec98442bd89b11495f60da8e9f5f2&t=1335718103) . Expansion. Archived from the original (http://www.expansion.com/2012/04/12/catalunya/1334231403.html?a=3b0ec98442bd89b11495f60da8e9f5f2&t=1335718103) on 25 September 2013 . Retrieved 29 April 2012 . ^ a b "Puig crece un 11% gracias a su apuesta por los mercados internacionales" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130923045726/http://www.revistavpc.es/noticias/2074-puig-crece-un-11-gracias-a-su-apuesta-por-los-mercados-internacionales.html) . Revista VPC. Archived from the original (http://www.revistavpc.es/noticias/2074-puig-crece-un-11-gracias-a-su-apuesta-por-los-mercados-internacionales.html) on 23 September 2013 . Retrieved 29 November 2014 . ^ a b "Puig aumenta su beneficio un 2% en 2013" (http://noticiasbancarias.com/general/07/04/2014/puig-aumenta-su-beneficio-un-2-en-2013/59258.html) . Noticias Bancarias. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191121044213/https://noticiasbancarias.com/general/07/04/2014/puig-aumenta-su-beneficio-un-2-en-2013/59258.html) from the original on 21 November 2019 . Retrieved 29 November 2014 . ^ a b "Puig supera en 2014 los 1.500 M€ de ventas y proyecta alcanzar los 2.000 M€ en 2017" (http://www.europapress.es/economia/noticia-comunicado-puig-supera-2014-1500-ventas-proyecta-alcanzar-2000-2017-20150416140342.html) . Europapress. 16 April 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190325092934/https://www.europapress.es/economia/noticia-comunicado-puig-supera-2014-1500-ventas-proyecta-alcanzar-2000-2017-20150416140342.html) from the original on 25 March 2019 . Retrieved 26 June 2015 . ^ a b "Puig crece en ventas pero reduce su beneficio en 2015" (http://agendaempresa.com/71968/puig-crece-en-ventas-pero-reduce-su-beneficio-en-2015/) . Agenda Empresa. 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Overview of the events of 2000 in red carpet fashion List of years in red carpet fashion … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) 1990 (/w/index.php?title=1990_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1991 (/w/index.php?title=1991_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1992 (/w/index.php?title=1992_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1993 (/w/index.php?title=1993_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1994 (/w/index.php?title=1994_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1995 (/w/index.php?title=1995_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1996 (/w/index.php?title=1996_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1997 (/w/index.php?title=1997_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1998 (/w/index.php?title=1998_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1999 (/w/index.php?title=1999_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2000 2001 (/wiki/2001_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2002 (/wiki/2002_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2003 (/w/index.php?title=2003_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2004 (/w/index.php?title=2004_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005 (/w/index.php?title=2005_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006 (/w/index.php?title=2006_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2007 (/wiki/2007_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2008 (/wiki/2008_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2009 (/wiki/2009_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2010 (/w/index.php?title=2010_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) Art (/wiki/2000_in_art) Archaeology (/wiki/2000_in_archaeology) Architecture (/wiki/2000_in_architecture) Literature (/wiki/2000_in_literature) Music (/wiki/2000_in_music) Philosophy (/wiki/2000_in_philosophy) Science (/wiki/2000_in_science) +... (/wiki/Category:2000) Red carpet fashion in 2000 was largely overshadowed by the revealing green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) worn by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) for February's Grammy awards (/wiki/42nd_Grammy_Awards) , which became one of the most talked-about and widely publicised red-carpet dresses of the year. [1] (#cite_note-PhillipsReay2002-1) For the 57th Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/57th_Golden_Globe_Awards) Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) borrowed a glamorous Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) dress, that was described as setting the standard for Golden Globe red carpet style, and according to Phillip Bloch (/wiki/Phillip_Bloch) , her stylist at the time, "began the time when a dress could actually make a career." [2] (#cite_note-merle-2) Golden Globe Awards (January 23) [ edit ] Until the late 1990s, many stars turned up to the Globes casually dressed, which made the impact of Halle Berry's glamorous white-and-red Valentino dress all the more powerful. [2] (#cite_note-merle-2) InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) rated it 18th in their list of Top 100 Dresses of the Decade, at the same time as it was called a "trainwreck" by the gossip webzine Radar Online (/wiki/Radar_Online) in their list of best and worst Golden Globe fashions. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) When Valentino contacted Bloch to ask for the dress back, he informed them that as Berry had won (for Introducing Dorothy Dandridge (/wiki/Introducing_Dorothy_Dandridge) ) in it, it was part of her history and they weren't returning it. [5] (#cite_note-parnes-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Another guest who received particular notice was Annette Bening (/wiki/Annette_Bening) in a maternity tuxedo by Lauren Sara, which she also wore to the Screen Actors Guild Awards (/wiki/6th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards) on March 12. [7] (#cite_note-7) Fashions at the Globes were reviewed in an E! (/wiki/E!) television program hosted by Joan (/wiki/Joan_Rivers) and Melissa Rivers (/wiki/Melissa_Rivers) and a panel of fashion experts. [8] (#cite_note-8) Grammys (February 23) [ edit ] Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) as worn by Jennifer Lopez to the Grammys, 2000. Further information: Green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) 's backless Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) for Versace (/wiki/Versace) dress, in flowing printed sheer silk chiffon worn over nude shorts, with a neckline plunging to the navel (held on by double-sided tape (/wiki/Double-sided_tape) ) and a skirt split to the waist, was one of the most talked-about and widely publicised red-carpet dresses of the year. [1] (#cite_note-PhillipsReay2002-1) Although associated with Lopez, the dress had previously been worn on the red carpet by Spice Girl (/wiki/Spice_Girls) Geri Halliwell (/wiki/Geri_Halliwell) at the first NRJ Music Awards (/wiki/NRJ_Music_Award) in January 2000, [9] (#cite_note-9) and by Versace herself to a Costume Institute (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art#Costume_Institute) gala in New York on 6 December 1999. [10] (#cite_note-10) Academy Awards (March 26) [ edit ] Despite speculation beforehand as to how much flesh would be bared, the gowns worn for the 72nd Academy Awards (/wiki/72nd_Academy_Awards) were more modest than expected. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) [12] (#cite_note-nellis-12) The predominant style of dress had a strapless bustier bodice baring the shoulders, although many stars wore outfits that revealed their cleavage, and many of the men wore traditional tuxedoes (/wiki/Tuxedo) , with Keanu Reeves (/wiki/Keanu_Reeves) going for an all-black look. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) However, the two creators of South Park (/wiki/South_Park) chose to wear drag (/wiki/Drag_(clothing)) , with Trey Parker (/wiki/Trey_Parker) wearing a full-skirted pink dress based on Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) 's Oscar dress from the previous year (/wiki/Pink_Ralph_Lauren_dress_of_Gwyneth_Paltrow) , and Matt Stone (/wiki/Matt_Stone) wearing a replica of Lopez's green chiffon Versace dress from the Grammys. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) Among the more successful gowns was Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) 's crimson Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) dress which was voted 20th best red carpet gown of all time in a 2008 poll held by Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) . [13] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-13) The form-fitting Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) dress Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) wore to the ceremony was ranked third in the InStyle list of 100 best dresses of the decade, described as "Old Hollywood without looking old", and the BBC correspondent John Hand declared Theron one of the top 5 best-dressed women of the night. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) [14] (#cite_note-14) Hand also listed in his top 5 Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) in golden Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Winona Ryder (/wiki/Winona_Ryder) in simple black, Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) in a feminine olive green strapless dress, and Thora Birch (/wiki/Thora_Birch) , who he nominated as the most stylish of the night in her embroidered white skirt and pale blue jacket. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) Annette Bening (/wiki/Annette_Bening) , nine months pregnant, wore a layered black Armani (/wiki/Armani) gown. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) Less well-received gowns included Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) 's green leather outfit stitched together with yellow raffia paired with a traditional West-African style towering head-wrap, which Billy Crystal (/wiki/Billy_Crystal) joked contained a missing Oscar. [11] (#cite_note-bbc2000-11) [15] (#cite_note-15) Hand compared Judi Dench (/wiki/Judi_Dench) 's outfit by the Indian designers Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla (/wiki/Sandeep_Khosla) to net curtains, and Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) 's high necked, long-sleeved black Versace dress was still remembered in 2012 as a "Goth misery" that made her "a dead ringer for Morticia Addams (/wiki/Morticia_Addams) ". [16] (#cite_note-16) Emmys (September 10) [ edit ] Trends on the red carpet at the 52nd Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/52nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) included backless or strapless dresses, sheer fabrics, and strong colours such as hot pinks, reds and cinnamon, with grey as an alternative. [12] (#cite_note-nellis-12) One of the most controversial dresses of the night was a see-through Pamela Dennis design worn by Geena Davis (/wiki/Geena_Davis) . [12] (#cite_note-nellis-12) [17] (#cite_note-17) Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) wore a pink feathered Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) dress which she called a "fantasy dress" and her "first experience with real couture", [18] (#cite_note-18) but which, over ten years later, was still being cited as one of the worst Emmy dresses. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Barrera, Magdalena (2002). "Hottentot 2000: (https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz3bPMw_7h4C&pg=PA407) Jennifer Lopez and Her Butt " (https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz3bPMw_7h4C&pg=PA407) . In Phillips, Kim M.; Reay, Barry (eds.). Sexualities in history: a reader . Routledge. p. 407. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780415929356 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ginsberg, Merle (19 January 2011). "The Psychology of the Golden Globes Dress" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/psychology-golden-globes-dress-71546) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "100 Best Dresses of the Decade #18 Halle Berry in Valentino 2000" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20704882,00.html) . InStyle . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ornstein, Leah. "Fashion Flashback: The Best And Worst Of The Golden Globes WORST: Halle Berry hit the show in 2000, wearing a trainwreck Valentino dress and accessorizing it with a trainwreck husband!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110119012216/http://www.radaronline.com/photos/image/40409) . Radar Online. Archived from the original (http://www.radaronline.com/photos/image/40409) on 19 January 2011 . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-parnes_5-0) Parnes, Francine (22 March 2000). "Dressing the Ladies" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UmRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6516,476889&dq=golden-globes+2000+fashions&hl=en) . The Spokesman Review . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Halle Berry Keeps Fashions From Top Designers" (http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/shownews.php?newsstory=875820631) . Bollywood Sargam . 24 March 2000 . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gray, Ellen (29 November 2000). "Maternity wear designer for the stars is especially busy these days" (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-122115463/maternity-wear-designer-stars.html) . The Philadelphia Daily News . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Golden Globes 2000 Fashion Review" (http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/468728/Golden-Globes-2000-Fashion-Review/) . Turner Classic Movies . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "She's a jolly green Geri; STUNNING IN £3,000 VERSACE" (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/She%27s+a+jolly+green+Geri%3B+STUNNING+IN+pounds+3,000+VERSACE.-a060294868) . The Mirror . 24 January 2000 . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Leon, Sarah. "Met Costume Institute Gala: A Look Back At The Most Memorable Outfits (Photo 14 of 130)" (http://www.stylelist.com/2012/05/03/met-gala-photos_n_1474872.html) . Stylelist . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hand, John (28 March 2000). "Oscar's fashion parade" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/entertainment/2000/oscars_2000/692546.stm) . BBC News . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Nellis, Cynthia. "Emmys 2000: Sirens and ladies shine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095954/http://fashion.about.com/cs/celebawardsshows/a/emmy2000.htm) . About,com. Archived from the original (http://fashion.about.com/cs/celebawardsshows/a/emmy2000.htm) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph08_13-0) Urmee Khan (9 October 2008), "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/3167702/Liz-Hurley-safety-pin-dress-voted-the-greatest-dress.html) , The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , retrieved 1 May 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "100 Best Dresses of the Decade #2 Charlize Theron in Vera Wang 2000" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150123223619/http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20716967,00.html) . InStyle . Archived from the original (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20716967,00.html) on 23 January 2015 . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Reiter, Amy. "Look out! Here comes a sound bite" (http://www.salon.com/2000/03/27/oscarsqts/) . Salon.com . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Misra, Iti Shree (14 February 2012). "Judi Dench in Abu Jani & Sandeep Khosla's gown at BAFTA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140103185346/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-14/news-interviews/31058343_1_baftas-dame-judi-dench-gown) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-14/news-interviews/31058343_1_baftas-dame-judi-dench-gown) on 3 January 2014 . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) La Ferla, Ruth (8 October 2000). "SHOPPING WITH: Geena Davis; When the Emmy Dress Just Won't Do" (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/08/style/shopping-with-geena-davis-when-the-emmy-dress-just-won-t-do.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) O'Neill, Anne-Marie (2 October 2000). "Naughty but Nice" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20132461,00.html) . The People . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Finlayson, Ariana (16 September 2011). "Emmys: The Worst-Dressed Stars Ever" (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/emmys-the-worst-dressed-stars-ever-2011169) . US Weekly . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Talarico, Brittany (16 September 2011). "See Emmy's Worst Dressed Stars of All Time!" (http://www.okmagazine.com/photos/see-emmys-worst-dressed-stars-all-time) . OK! USA . Retrieved 21 June 2012 . 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Not to be confused with Bodo language (/wiki/Boro_language_(India)) . Sheer and transparent women blouse of South Sulawesi, Indonesia Bodo blouse Girls wearing baju bodo or bodo blouse, worn with woven sarong (/wiki/Sarong) . Type Traditional blouse-dress Material Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , sheer cotton, silk Place of origin South Sulawesi (/wiki/South_Sulawesi) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) [1] (#cite_note-Indonesia_Kaya-1) Manufacturer Buginese (/wiki/Bugis) and Makassarese (/wiki/Makassar_people) The bodo blouse , locally known as baju bodo ( Buginese (/wiki/Buginese_language) : ᨓᨍᨘ ᨄᨚᨊᨛᨌᨚ , romanized: waju ponco ), is a sheer and transparent short-sleeved loose blouse (/wiki/Blouse) , a traditional attire for women of the Bugis (/wiki/Bugis) and Makassar (/wiki/Makassar_people) peoples of South Sulawesi (/wiki/South_Sulawesi) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) . [1] (#cite_note-Indonesia_Kaya-1) A bodo blouse is traditionally combined with a matching woven sarong (/wiki/Sarong) that covered the waist below the body. [2] (#cite_note-Celebes-2) Attire components [ edit ] A Bugis bride wearing an elaborate bodo blouse, completed with intricate hairdo and jewelries. Blouse [ edit ] The textile (/wiki/Textile) materials used in bodo blouse are usually thin, sheer and transparent; usually muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , sheer cotton or silk (/wiki/Silk) . Muslin is the most favoured materials, it has loose threads that make it look transparent and suitable for hot and humid tropical climate. As the name implies, the term bodo in the Makassar language (/wiki/Makassar_language) means "short", which imply that this blouse is indeed short-sleeved. [1] (#cite_note-Indonesia_Kaya-1) The cut of bodo blouse is quite simple, it follows the square design with holes or openings for neck, two arms and waist. Some design might has front opening, while others do not which resembles a loose tube. It also quite loose to allow the blouse to fit all sizes, and the design did emphasize the drape quality of the sheer fabrics. Sarong [ edit ] Bodo blouse is traditionally combined with a matching woven sarong (/wiki/Sarong) that covered the waist. Commonly, Makassarese people wore sarong wrapped around quite tightly. However, in this outfit the sarong is deliberately fitted loosely to match the loose draped shape of the bodo blouse top. [2] (#cite_note-Celebes-2) Jewelry [ edit ] This traditional clothing is considered incomplete if not complemented by jewelry or accessories. Some of these accessories includes earrings, headbands, tiaras, tiered necklaces, long necklaces, wide bracelets, multiple thin keroncong type bracelets and metal belts. The accessories mentioned above are the complete variants which are commonly used by brides. Common guests usually wear less jewelry. This jewelry is usually made of gold or silver (/wiki/Silver) , while the simpler ones are made of brass (/wiki/Brass) . [2] (#cite_note-Celebes-2) History [ edit ] Sheer transparent bodo blouse worn without undergarment in 1871. The sheer woven cotton as the materials of bodo blouse is believed has been made and used by people in Sulawesi since the 9th century. [2] (#cite_note-Celebes-2) In the past, bodo blouses were worn without undergarments, exposing the breasts and curves of the wearer. [1] (#cite_note-Indonesia_Kaya-1) However, after the local Bugis and Makassar people converted to Islam (/wiki/Islam) in past centuries, previously revealing clothing was subdued to be more modest. This transparent outfit was then paired with an undergarment of the same colour, but usually lighter in tone. Usage [ edit ] This traditional clothing is often worn for traditional events, such as wedding ceremonies. Although it has been increasingly marginalised due to the influence of modern clothing, or competing with other Indonesian national attires such as kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) and baju kurung (/wiki/Baju_kurung) , it remains prevalent in traditional Bugis villages. The bodo blouses are still worn by Bugis women, especially by brides during the marriage ceremony and wedding reception, as well as by the mother of the bride and groom, and the maid of honour. Lately, the use of the bodo blouse has begun to expand for various activities, such as dancing and singing. Today, bodo blouse has become a source of inspiration for contemporary Indonesian fashion designers, [3] (#cite_note-3) and used as the inspiration of modern wedding dress. [4] (#cite_note-4) Colours [ edit ] Traditional [ edit ] According to Bugis customs and traditions, specific colours of bodo blouse worn by Bugis women indicates the age and social standings of the wearer. [5] (#cite_note-5) Colours Meanings Orange (/wiki/Orange_(colour)) Worn by female children (/wiki/Child) aged 10 years old or younger. Orange or red Worn by girls (/wiki/Girl) aged between 10 and 16 years old. Red (/wiki/Red) Worn by maidens (/wiki/Maiden) aged between 17 and 25 years old. White (/wiki/White) Worn by dayang attendants, ritual dancers, brides, or female dukuns (/wiki/Dukun) ( witch doctors (/wiki/Witch_doctor) ) Green (/wiki/Green) Worn by noble women (/wiki/Nobility) . Purple (/wiki/Purple) Worn by widows (/wiki/Widows) . Contemporary [ edit ] In contemporary Bugis culture, the traditional significance attached to specific colors in the bodo blouse, which once denoted age and social status, has undergone a transformation. Unlike the strict guidelines adhered to in earlier times, modern practices no longer confine individuals to particular colors based on their age or rank. As a result, women now have the freedom to select from a wider range of colors, including those historically associated with specific age groups. Furthermore, modern Bugis attire embraces an expansive array of hues beyond the traditional spectrum. Colors like blue, mauve, and orange have become prominent in contemporary Bugis textiles. Historical records from the Leiden Museum even indicate the presence of blue and mauve-toned blouses as far back as 1864, initially linked with nobility before becoming accessible to a broader audience. Today, individuals from all backgrounds, including brides, can confidently choose a green baju bodo, an option that was once reserved solely for noblewomen. This evolution signifies a more inclusive and adaptable approach to Bugis fashion, departing from the strict conventions of the past. [6] (#cite_note-The_Bugis-6) Gallery [ edit ] Pajoge dancers wearing bodo blouse, Maros circa 1870 A weaver wearing bodo blouse, circa 1945–1955 A girl wearing deep orange or red bodo blouse Indonesian choir group wearing Bugis traditional attires, the ladies wearing bodo blouse Bugis girls wearing bodo blouse A girl wearing bodo blouse with jewelries; headbands, earrings and necklace See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baju bodo (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baju_bodo) . Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Baju kurung (/wiki/Baju_kurung) National costume of Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Tim Indonesia Exploride. "Baju Bodo" (https://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/baju-bodo) . IndonesiaKaya (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ a b c d "Baju Bodo, Pakaian Adat Bugis yang Legendaris" (https://www.celebes.co/baju-bodo-pakaian-adat-bugis) (in Indonesian). 2021-02-03 . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Media, Kompas Cyber. "Baju Bodo dan Songket dengan "Modern Twist"" (https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2011/05/23/11151734/Baju.Bodo.dan.Songket.dengan.Modern.Twist.) . KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Media, Kompas Cyber. "Inspirasi Pakaian Bugis dalam Busana Pernikahan Indah Permatasari" (https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2021/01/13/212218120/inspirasi-pakaian-bugis-dalam-busana-pernikahan-indah-permatasari) . kompas.com (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gita (2009-06-21). "Mencari Perempuan Bugis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120117184522/http://umum.kompasiana.com/2009/06/21/mencari-perempuan-bugis/) . Kompasiana. Archived from the original (http://umum.kompasiana.com/2009/06/21/mencari-perempuan-bugis/) on January 17, 2012 . Retrieved 2009-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Bugis_6-0) Pelras, Christian (1996), The Bugis (/wiki/The_Bugis) , p. 303 v t e Indonesian clothing (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Clothing identified with Indonesian culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) and still worn today Textiles and weaving Geringsing (/wiki/Geringsing) Kain Bali (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Kain Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Kain kulit kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Lurik Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Dyeing Batik (/wiki/Batik) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Jumputan (/wiki/Tie-dye) Prada Clothing Angkin (/wiki/Sash) Baju Bodo Baju kain rumput Baju Koko Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Beskap Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Kain jarik Kain panjang Kain samping (/wiki/Samping) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kemeja Batik (/wiki/Batik) Koje Koteka (/wiki/Koteka) Rok Rumbia Sarung (/wiki/Sarong) Selendang (/wiki/Sash) Surjan Uis Gara Headgear Beluko Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Caping (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Iket Jamang Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Kerudung (/wiki/Veil) Kopiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Konde or sanggul (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( hair extension (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) ) Makuta (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Peci (/wiki/Songkok) Siger Suntiang Tanjak (/wiki/Tanjak) (destar) Tengkuluk Tudung (/wiki/Tudong) Udeng Jewelry and ornaments Anting-anting (/wiki/Earring) Cincin (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Gelang (/wiki/Bracelet) Giwang Gesper (/wiki/Belt_buckle) Kembang goyang (cunduk mentul) Kelat bahu (/wiki/Arm_ring) Kerongsang Pending Sabuk (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Subang Sumping Tusuk konde (/wiki/Hairpin) Upawita (/wiki/Upavita) Armour Baju Empurau (/wiki/Baju_Empurau) Baju Lamina (/wiki/Baju_Lamina) Baju Rantai (/wiki/Baju_Rantai) Baru Lema'a (/wiki/Baru_Lema%27a) Baru Öröba (/wiki/Baru_%C3%96r%C3%B6ba) Karambalangan (/wiki/Karambalangan) Kawaca (/wiki/Kawaca) Siping-siping (/wiki/Siping-siping) Footwear Bakiak (kelom) (/wiki/Clog) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Selop Sepatu v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kupiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tanjak (/wiki/Tengkolok) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Laos (/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok (/wiki/Tengkolok) Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) Buntal hat (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Maria Clara gown (/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown) Patadyong (/wiki/Patadyong) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Thailand (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Banong (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong) Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Chut Thai (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Formal Chut Thai (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) Pha khao ma (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel (/wiki/Sheitel) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tallit katan (/wiki/Tallit_katan) Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Tzitzit (/wiki/Tzitzit) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_clothing) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_costumes) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Hejazi (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Europe Balkan Traditional Albanian clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Brez (/wiki/Brez_(clothing)) Çorape (/wiki/%C3%87orape) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Xhamadan (/wiki/Xhamadan) Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Aromanian (/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia (/wiki/Croatian_national_costume) Fustanella (/wiki/Fustanella) Greek (/wiki/Greek_dress) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Macedonia (/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume) Romania (/wiki/Romanian_dress) Serbia (/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing) Kosovo (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Mexico Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Oceania Grass skirt (/wiki/Grass_skirt) Feather cloak (/wiki/Feather_cloak) I-sala (/wiki/I-sala) Lap-lap (/wiki/Lap-lap) Lavalava (/wiki/Lavalava) Kiekie (/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Sulu (/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)) Taʻovala (/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala) Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) v t e Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) articles (/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles) History (/wiki/History_of_Indonesia) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history) Prehistoric (/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia) Hinduism-Buddhism era (/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Hindu-Buddhist_civilizations) Spread of Islam (/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia) Portuguese era (1512–1605) (/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago) VOC era (1603–1800) (/wiki/Company_rule_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies) French and British era (1806–1816) (/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies) Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) (/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies) Japanese occupation (1942–45) (/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies) National Revolution (1945–49) (/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution) Liberal democracy era (1950–59) (/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia) Guided Democracy (1959–65) (/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia) Transitional period (1965–66) (/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order) New Order (1966–98) (/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)) Reformasi (since 1998) (/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia) Geography (/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia) Borders (/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Indonesia) Cities (/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population) Climate (/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia) Climate change (/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia) Conservation (/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia) Biosphere reserves 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Launch_My_Line) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Launch_My_Line) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Launch_My_Line) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Launch My Line" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Launch+My+Line%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Launch+My+Line%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Launch My Line" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Launch+My+Line%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Launch+My+Line%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Launch+My+Line%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) American TV series or program Launch My Line Genre Reality competition (/wiki/Reality_competition) Presented by Dean Caten (/wiki/Dean_and_Dan_Caten) Dan Caten (/wiki/Dean_and_Dan_Caten) Judges Stefani Greenfield Lisa Kline Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 1 No. of episodes 8 Production Executive producers Holly M. Wofford Vittoria Cacciatore Camera setup Multiple (/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup) Running time 42 minutes Production company Lake Paradise Entertainment Original release Network Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(U.S._TV_channel)) Release December 2, 2009 ( 2009-12-02 ) – February 3, 2010 ( 2010-02-03 ) Launch My Line is an American reality competition (/wiki/Reality_competition) series which premiered on December 2, 2009, on the Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(U.S._TV_channel)) cable channel. The show features professionals competing against one another in hopes of winning the chance to launch their own clothing line. Each contestant was paired with a professional designer. The show is hosted by Dean and Dan Caten (/wiki/Dean_and_Dan_Caten) , founders of fashion label Dsquared². [1] (#cite_note-1) Contestants [ edit ] There were 10 contestants competing in Launch My Line . In the order eliminated: Celebrity Expert Line Finish Dan Karaty (/wiki/Dan_Karaty) Choreographer Susan Brunet Urban Street Wear Eliminated Week 1 David Applebaum Architect Julie Structured Casual Wear Eliminated Week 2 Kevin Black Music Executive Akiko Cook Urban Cocktail Wear Eliminated Week 3 Vanessa Gonzalez Event Director Tressa Bold Party Wear Eliminated Week 4 Marilyn Crawford CEO Coco Kliks Lilly Remarkable Elegant Business Wear Eliminated Week 5 Patrick McDonald Fashion Writer Roberto Devillacis Couture Wear Eliminated Week 6 Louanna Rawls Wardrobe Stylist Jim Chic Classic Wear Eliminated Week 7 Eric Cubeechee DJ Galina Sobolev Sexy Club Wear Eliminated Week 8 Merle Ginsberg (/wiki/Merle_Ginsberg) Fashion Critic Thai Chic Convertible Wear Eliminated Week 8 Kathy Rose (/wiki/Kathy_Rose) Jewelry Designer Emil Gampe Elegant Contemporary Wear Winner Contestant progress [ edit ] Episode 1 2 3 4 1 (#endnote_1) 5 2 (#endnote_2) 6 7 8 Kathy SAFE LOW WIN HIGH SAFE HIGH WIN WINNER Merle HIGH HIGH SAFE WIN LOW WIN LOW OUT Eric SAFE WIN SAFE LOW WIN SAFE HIGH OUT Louanna WIN SAFE SAFE LOW HIGH LOW OUT Patrick SAFE SAFE LOW SAFE LOW OUT Marilyn HIGH SAFE HIGH SAFE OUT Vanessa LOW LOW LOW OUT Kevin SAFE SAFE OUT David LOW OUT Dan OUT ^1 (#ref_1) Merle won immunity. ^2 (#ref_2) Merle was in the Bottom 3, but was safe because she had won immunity. Key [ edit ] The designer won Launch My Line The designer won the challenge. The designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. The designer lost and was out of the competition. Episodes [ edit ] Episode Number Episode Title First Air Date 1 - 1 What's My Line? December 2, 2009 1 - 2 Fashion Forward December 9, 2009 1 - 3 Walk on the Wild Side December 16, 2009 1 - 4 Bare Minimum December 23, 2009 1 - 5 Wild Card January 6, 2010 1 - 6 Stressed Out January 13, 2010 1 - 7 I Want, I Need January 20, 2010 1 - 8 Finale February 3, 2010 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Seidman, Robert (October 7, 2009). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305172540/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/10/07/launch-my-line-premieres-decemeber-2-at-11p-on-bravo/29831/) "Launch My Line" Premieres December 2 at 11p on Bravo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305172540/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/10/07/launch-my-line-premieres-decemeber-2-at-11p-on-bravo/29831/) . TV by the Numbers (/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers) (Press release). Tribune Digital Ventures (/wiki/Tribune_Digital_Ventures) . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/10/07/launch-my-line-premieres-decemeber-2-at-11p-on-bravo/29831/) on March 5, 2016 . Retrieved September 3, 2015 . 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Icelandic model and actress This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Angela_Jonsson) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Angela_Jonsson) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( October 2022 ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. 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Find sources: "Angela Jonsson" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Angela+Jonsson%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Angela+Jonsson%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Angela+Jonsson%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Angela+Jonsson%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Angela+Jonsson%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Angela+Jonsson%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Angela Jonsson Angela Jonsson at the Lakmé Fashion Week 2011 Born ( 1990-02-28 ) 28 February 1990 (age 34) [2] (#cite_note-2) Chennai (/wiki/Chennai) , Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) , India (/wiki/India) Occupation(s) Model, Actress Modeling information Height 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) [1] (#cite_note-toi-1) Website angelajonsson (http://angelajonsson.com/) .com (http://angelajonsson.com/) Angela Jonsson (born 28 February 1990) is an Icelandic model and actress of half-Indian origin who shot to fame after she won the Kingfisher Calendar (/wiki/Kingfisher_Calendar) Model Hunt in 2011. Personal life [ edit ] Jonsson was born on 28 February 1990 in Chennai (/wiki/Chennai) to a father from Iceland (/wiki/Iceland) and a mother from Mangalore (/wiki/Mangalore) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Her parents are coffee exporters. [4] (#cite_note-picrediff-4) She has six sisters and three brothers, and spent her childhood in an estate on the mountains of Kodaikanal (/wiki/Kodaikanal) where she studied at an American international school. [5] (#cite_note-5) Jonsson currently lives in New York with her partner, Geoff Nelson. [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] Jonsson modelled for the Kingfisher Calendar in 2011 after winning the calendar's Calendar Girl Hunt competition that same year. She judged the Kingfisher Calendar Girl Hunt 2012. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-ht-8) She has been taking Hindi (/wiki/Hindi) diction and dance lessons to begin her career as an actress in Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) and other Indian film industries. [4] (#cite_note-picrediff-4) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) She was voted one of Times 50 Most Desirable Women in India in 2011. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-toi_1-0) " (https://archive.today/20130103070654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-03/news-interviews/29499012_1_ranbir-kapoor-nargis-fakhri-krishna-raj) 'Ranbir dating Calendar Girl Angela Jonsson' (https://archive.today/20130103070654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-03/news-interviews/29499012_1_ranbir-kapoor-nargis-fakhri-krishna-raj) " (https://archive.today/20130103070654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-03/news-interviews/29499012_1_ranbir-kapoor-nargis-fakhri-krishna-raj) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 3 May 2011. Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-03/news-interviews/29499012_1_ranbir-kapoor-nargis-fakhri-krishna-raj) on 3 January 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "NDTV Good Times - Lifestyle Videos, Photos, Fashion, Food, Travel, Luxury, Weddings" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120826145202/http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/kingfisher/finalists.aspx) . Archived from the original (http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/kingfisher/finalists.aspx) on 26 August 2012 . Retrieved 3 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Angela Jonsson gets candid" (http://cosmo.intoday.in/story/angela-jonsson-gets-candid/1/8264.html) . Cosmopolitan . March 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130122165501/http://cosmo.intoday.in/story/angela-jonsson-gets-candid/1/8264.html) from the original on 22 January 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2012 . ^ a b "PICS: Bikini model Angela Jonsson speaks out!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-interview-with-angela-jonsson/20110526.htm) . Rediff.com (/wiki/Rediff.com) . 26 May 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120212214556/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-interview-with-angela-jonsson/20110526.htm) from the original on 12 February 2012 . Retrieved 10 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "(Vi)desi girls in desi films" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105065523/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-12/news-interviews/29532792_1_indian-model-madhu-sapre-desi) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 12 May 2011. Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-12/news-interviews/29532792_1_indian-model-madhu-sapre-desi) on 5 November 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) TRAVEL, REDIFF. "California On Angela Jonsson's Mind" (https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/california-on-angela-jonssons-mind/20230522.htm) . Rediff . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240108234620/https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/california-on-angela-jonssons-mind/20230522.htm) from the original on 8 January 2024 . Retrieved 8 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "La foto del giorno" (http://www.corriere.it/foto_del_giorno/home/11_agosto_01/moda_b070a0c0-bc11-11e0-9ecf-692ab361efb9.shtml?p) . Corriere della sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_sera) . 1 August 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140221161514/http://www.corriere.it/foto_del_giorno/home/11_agosto_01/moda_b070a0c0-bc11-11e0-9ecf-692ab361efb9.shtml?p) from the original on 21 February 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-ht_8-0) "Angela Jonsson prefers good story over big names" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111208205725/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Angela-Jonsson-prefers-good-story-over-big-names/Article1-779049.aspx) . The Hindustan Times (/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times) . 7 December 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Angela-Jonsson-prefers-good-story-over-big-names/Article1-779049.aspx) on 8 December 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Angela Jonsson at Maxim magazine cover launch" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120202210158/http://videos.mid-day.com/Angela-Jonsson-at-Maxim-magazine-cover-launch.htm) . Mid-Day (/wiki/Mid-Day) . Archived from the original (http://videos.mid-day.com/Angela-Jonsson-at-Maxim-magazine-cover-launch.htm) on 2 February 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Angela Jonsson prefers good story over big names" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485251_1_angela-jonsson-manish-malhotra-shaitan) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 7 December 2011 . Retrieved 10 February 2012 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Here's to the fab 50" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130717051234/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-29/news-interviews/30673950_1_candice-boucher-angela-jonsson-online-voting) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 29 January 2012. Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-29/news-interviews/30673950_1_candice-boucher-angela-jonsson-online-voting) on 17 July 2013 . Retrieved 31 January 2012 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angela Jonsson (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Angela_Jonsson) . 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American clothing brand This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metal_Mulisha) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Metal Mulisha" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Metal+Mulisha%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Metal+Mulisha%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Metal+Mulisha%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Metal+Mulisha%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Metal+Mulisha%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Metal+Mulisha%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Metal Mulisha Company type Private Industry Apparel/Retail Genre Clothing, lifestyle Founded 1997 Founder Larry Linkogle (/wiki/Larry_Linkogle) , Brian Deegan (/wiki/Brian_Deegan_(rider)) [Trigger Gumm] Headquarters El Segundo, California (/wiki/El_Segundo,_California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Products Action Sports Apparel Number of employees 450 Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) Vendorasia™ Website metalmulisha.com (http://www.metalmulisha.com/) Metal Mulisha is an American lifestyle (/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)) clothing brand that was created in 1997 by Larry Linkogle (/wiki/Larry_Linkogle) and Brian Deegan (/wiki/Brian_Deegan_(motorcyclist)) . Metal Mulisha Inc. products are sold at various retail stores and company owned stores. It also offers Metal Mulisha energy drinks (/wiki/Energy_drink) under the same brand in a joint venture with Rockstar (/wiki/Rockstar_(drink)) . The company currently employs about 450 people. The Metal Mulisha Monster Jam (/wiki/Monster_Jam) Monster truck (/wiki/Monster_truck) debuted in 2012 and competed until 2017. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150420130129/http://www.shop-eat-surf.com/2015/04/bill-gage-returns-to-metal-mulisha/) . Archived from the original (http://www.shop-eat-surf.com/2015/04/bill-gage-returns-to-metal-mulisha/) on 2015-04-20 . Retrieved 2015-05-15 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rook, Erin. "WinterFest cancels snow events, adds more Metal Mulisha and music" (http://www.bendsource.com/Bent/archives/2015/02/05/winterfest-cancels-snow-events-adds-more-metal-mulisha-and-music) . Bendsource.com . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Metal Mulisha Mini Troops - Ride Day Fun - Transworld Motocross" (http://motocross.transworld.net/news/metal-mulisha-mini-troops-ride-day-fun/#6t0OSEh7Rw7zLuAa.97) . Motocross.transworld.net . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Metal Mulisha freestyle motocross riders do backflips for Napa Auto Parts opening" (http://www.lodinews.com/news/article_f4f4be8e-db25-11e4-8b14-0b916dddd691.html) . Lodinews.com . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "World's First Freestyle Motocross Triple Flip" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150516010250/http://www.redbull.com/en/motorsports/stories/1331720040389/nitro-circus-josh-sheehan-triple-flip-video-story) . Red Bull (/wiki/Red_Bull) . Archived from the original (http://www.redbull.com/en/motorsports/stories/1331720040389/nitro-circus-josh-sheehan-triple-flip-video-story) on 2015-05-16 . Retrieved 2015-05-15 . 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Fashion designer (1921–2020) Luba Marks Born Lubou Rodenko ( 1921-11-28 ) November 28, 1921 Sofia (/wiki/Sofia) , Bulgaria Died July 5, 2020 (2020-07-05) (aged 98) Southampton (/wiki/Southampton,_New_York) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) Nationality French-Russian Other names Lubov Roudenko; Luba Rudenko; Luba Begazy Labels Elite Juniors Luba for Elite Elite III by Luba Awards Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) , 1968 Luba Marks (November 28, 1921 – July 5, 2020) was a Bulgarian (/wiki/Bulgaria) -born French-American fashion designer of Russian descent specializing in sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) from the 1950s to the 1980s. Prior to this, under the name Lubov Roudenko , she was a former soloist for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo (/wiki/Ballet_Russe_de_Monte_Carlo) in the late 1930s and early 1940s, afterwards performing on Broadway throughout the 1940s. Early life [ edit ] Lubou Rodenko was born 28 November 1921 in Sofia (/wiki/Sofia) , Bulgaria, [1] (#cite_note-crossing-1) to Russian parents. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) [3] (#cite_note-obit-3) Her father, Nicholas, [1] (#cite_note-crossing-1) had been an officer in the Russian Imperial Guard (/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Russia)) , and following the Russian Revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) , he and his wife became refugees while the rest of their family were killed. [4] (#cite_note-peterson-4) [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) They moved to Paris, where Nicholas Rodenko ran a Russian restaurant until it was forced to close following the 1932 assassination of President Paul Doumer (/wiki/Paul_Doumer) by a Russian émigré. [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) Following this, the family relied on Luba's skill as a dancer to help them, with Luba later recollecting "There were times when I had to win first place in a contest so we could eat." [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) Dancing [ edit ] In 1938 Rodenko was signed up to the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo (/wiki/Ballet_Russe_de_Monte_Carlo) , where, at 17, she was their youngest soloist. [4] (#cite_note-peterson-4) [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) Her stage name was Lubov Roudenko, and she was also popularly known as "Spitfire Lu-Lu." [4] (#cite_note-peterson-4) [6] (#cite_note-peggy-6) She had a can-can (/wiki/Can-can) sequence in the 1938 ballet Gaîté Parisienne (/wiki/Ga%C3%AEt%C3%A9_Parisienne) choreographed specially for her by Léonide Massine (/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine) . [6] (#cite_note-peggy-6) She would later reprise this role in the 1941 Oscar-nominated short film (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film) The Gay Parisian (/wiki/The_Gay_Parisian) . Whilst with the Ballets Russes, Rodenko was the subject of several drawings by Henri Matisse (/wiki/Henri_Matisse) in 1939. Four of his portrait sketches of her are now in the Fogg Museum (/wiki/Fogg_Museum) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Matisse also made a drawing of Rodenko in the ballet Rouge et Noir . [8] (#cite_note-8) While on tour with the Ballet Russe, Rodenko performed the role of the Cowgirl in the 1942 ballet Rodeo (/wiki/Rodeo_(ballet)) until the tour reached New York and Agnes de Mille (/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille) , the original choreographer, reclaimed the role for herself. [6] (#cite_note-peggy-6) Disappointed by this, Rodenko quit the Ballets Russes, [6] (#cite_note-peggy-6) and took a better-paid job performing in a Broadway production of The Merry Widow (/wiki/The_Merry_Widow) . [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) This production launched at the Majestic Theatre (/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)) on 4 August 1943, with Rodenko and James Starbuck leading the character dances, including a comic polka and a can-can number. [9] (#cite_note-9) After this, Rodenko played Grisette in Nellie Bly , a short-lived 1946 musical based on the life of Nellie Bly (/wiki/Nellie_Bly) , [10] (#cite_note-ibdb-10) and then became lead dancer for the 1946–1949 Broadway production of Annie Get Your Gun (/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)) , but following a knee injury, decided to pursue a career in fashion design. [6] (#cite_note-peggy-6) She continued performing until 1951, appearing in the 1950–1951 Olsen and Johnson (/wiki/Olsen_and_Johnson) revue Pardon our French . [10] (#cite_note-ibdb-10) Fashion [ edit ] Luba and her first husband, Richard Marks, a manufacturer of coats and suits, [11] (#cite_note-11) launched their new clothing company Elite Juniors, in 1957. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) Elite Jrs. was a middle-range firm producing high-style coats, suits and separates for a fifth of the expected price. [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) Luba first caught the attention of the fashion press by successfully reinterpreting the classic Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) suit for ready-to-wear. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) Her designs were cut slim-fitting, with narrow sleeves and no bust darts, meaning that her designs looked more elegant and desirably Parisian than those of her rivals in the ready-to-wear field. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) Luba was also noted as an early promoter of the woman's pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) in America, dedicating over half of her 1966 collection to this look. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) It was noted that some of her pantsuit designs came out before Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) produced his own very similar designs. [12] (#cite_note-cat-12) In 1968, alongside George Halley (/wiki/George_Halley_(couturier)) , Luba Marks won the Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for her womenswear. [12] (#cite_note-cat-12) [13] (#cite_note-mcdowell-13) At the time it was reported that her clothes were worn by smart young women such as actress Jill St. John (/wiki/Jill_St._John) and singer Petula Clark (/wiki/Petula_Clark) , and younger women in politics such as Luci Nugent (/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson) . [12] (#cite_note-cat-12) Luba noted that her clientele's age range ran from 16 to 70. [2] (#cite_note-eugenia-2) By 1976 Elite Juniors had been acquired by Peabody House, and despite their marriage having broken down, the Markses were still working together successfully. [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) That year Luba predicted that the business would turn over 7 to 8 million dollars, forecasting that this would rise to 12 million. [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) She was still working in 1984, selling her coats and other designs through Bullock's (/wiki/Bullock%27s) and describing herself as trying to continue offering originality. [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Luba married her first husband, Richard Marks in 1948. [12] (#cite_note-cat-12) Although the marriage eventually broke down and ended in divorce, the Markses continued to work together well into the 1970s. [5] (#cite_note-ellie-5) In September 1972, Luba met her second husband, George Begazy, soon after the completion of her home in Southampton, New York (/wiki/Southampton,_New_York) , which she had designed herself. [3] (#cite_note-obit-3) Luba Begazy died at home on 5 July 2020, aged 98. [3] (#cite_note-obit-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b "United States Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 28 April 1947" (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XP2X-43K) . FamilySearch . Retrieved 24 August 2017 . ^ a b c d e f Sheppard, Eugenia (/wiki/Eugenia_Sheppard) (12 September 1966). "Ballerina is Heroine of Medium Price Coat" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2026662/the_daily_timesnews/) . The Daily Times-News, Burlington . Retrieved 20 March 2015 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ a b c "Luba Begazy Of Southampton Dies July 5" (https://www.27east.com/southampton-press/luba-begazy-of-southampton-dies-july-5-1710718/#) . The Southampton Press . 7 July 2020 . Retrieved 29 November 2020 . ^ a b c Peterson, Louise (9 July 1939). "Local Girl Gets Letter from Dancer. The Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) 9 July 1939, p 41" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13310035/local_girl_gets_letter_from_dancer_the/) . Hartford Courant . p. 41 . Retrieved 24 August 2017 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ a b c d e f g h i Grossman, Ellie (26 April 1976). "Luba - Positive! Positive! Positive!" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1926&dat=19760426&id=y2srAAAAIBAJ&pg=2836,1047251&hl=en) . The Daily Reporter . NEA . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . ^ a b c d e Phillips, Peggy (2002). My Brother's Keeper . iUniverse. pp. 133–136. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780595216680 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Four drawings by Henri Matisse of Mademoiselle Roudenko in the Fogg Art Museum collections" (http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/search-results?q=Mademoiselle+Roudenko) . Harvard Art Museums . Retrieved 21 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bock Weiss, Catherine C. (2014). Henri Matisse a Guide to Research . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 362. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317947769 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Dorris, George (2004). "Dance and the New Opera Company, 1941-1945" (https://books.google.com/books?id=B9ls7ICVNIQC&pg=PA421) . In Oberzaucher-Schüller, Gunhild; Brandenburg, Daniel; Woitas, Monika (eds.). Prima la danza! : Festschrift für Sibylle Dahms . Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann. p. 421. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783826027710 . ^ a b "Lubov Roudenko" (http://ibdb.com/person.php?id=88806) . The Internet Broadway Database . The Broadway League . Retrieved 21 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Morris, Bernadine (15 June 1978). "A Functional, Flexible Beach House" (https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/15/archives/a-functional-flexible-beach-house-a-beach-house-thats-functional.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 November 2020 . ^ a b c d Milinaire, Caterine (30 September 1968). "Let the Winners Lead the Way" (https://books.google.com/books?id=aMcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27) . New York Magazine : 27–29 . Retrieved 20 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_13-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Luther, Marylou (14 September 1984). "Buttoning Up in a Roomy and Red Overcoat by Luba Marks" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13309161/the_los_angeles_times/) . The Los Angeles Times . p. 112 . Retrieved 24 August 2017 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Islamic dress in Europe (/wiki/Islamic_dress_in_Europe) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐84d86888f9‐mx8pb Cached time: 20240626161337 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.050 seconds Real time usage: 0.070 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 400/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.028/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627266/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 62.204 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 62.204 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:11271533-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626161337 and revision id 1164707070. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. I Islamic clothing controversy in France (/wiki/Category:Islamic_clothing_controversy_in_France) ‎ (7 P) Pages in category "Islamic clothing controversy in Europe" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Hijab and burka controversies in Europe (/wiki/Hijab_and_burka_controversies_in_Europe) A Asmaa Abdol-Hamid (/wiki/Asmaa_Abdol-Hamid) B R v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School, ex p Begum (/wiki/R_v_Headteacher_and_Governors_of_Denbigh_High_School,_ex_p_Begum) H Hijabophobia (/wiki/Hijabophobia) Philip Hollobone (/wiki/Philip_Hollobone) I Icknield High School (/wiki/Icknield_High_School) M Ilham Moussaïd (/wiki/Ilham_Moussa%C3%AFd) S Stasi Commission (/wiki/Stasi_Commission) U British debate over veils (/wiki/British_debate_over_veils) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Islamic_clothing_controversy_in_Europe&oldid=1164707070 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Islamic_clothing_controversy_in_Europe&oldid=1164707070) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing controversies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_controversies) Islam and society (/wiki/Category:Islam_and_society) Islamic female clothing (/wiki/Category:Islamic_female_clothing) Islam-related controversies in Europe (/wiki/Category:Islam-related_controversies_in_Europe) Islam in Europe (/wiki/Category:Islam_in_Europe) Anti-Islam sentiment in Europe (/wiki/Category:Anti-Islam_sentiment_in_Europe)
Dress worn by Grace Kelly at her wedding to Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956 Wedding dress of Grace Kelly Artist Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) Year 1956 ( 1956 ) The wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) of the American actress Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) , worn during her wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco,_and_Grace_Kelly) to Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco) on 19 April 1956, is cited as one of the most elegant and best-remembered bridal gowns of all time, and one of the most famous since the mid 20th century. [1] (#cite_note-DanielsLoveless2007-1) One author describes the dress as a symbol of "the marital fervor" and a major influence on women who strove to "emulate Kelly's peau de soie (/wiki/Peau_de_soie) and lace (/wiki/Lace) masterpiece". [2] (#cite_note-Shimer2004-2) It was designed by Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) of MGM (/wiki/MGM) . The dress consisted of a bodice (/wiki/Bodice) with an attached under-bodice and skirt (/wiki/Skirt) support. There were two petticoats (/wiki/Petticoat) , one being an attached foundation. [3] (#cite_note-Ingraham2008-3) The wedding attire included a headdress, veil, shoes and the lace- and pearl (/wiki/Pearl) -encrusted prayer book (/wiki/Prayer_book) which she carried down the aisle. [1] (#cite_note-DanielsLoveless2007-1) To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the wedding, the Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) (which now owns the dress) displayed it at the museum between 1 April and 21 May 2006 and reported it to have been arguably its most popular exhibit. [1] (#cite_note-DanielsLoveless2007-1) [3] (#cite_note-Ingraham2008-3) [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) Designs [ edit ] Kelly's marriage involved two separate functions, the first, a civil marriage (/wiki/Civil_marriage) and the second, a religious marriage, held on successive days. [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) [5] (#cite_note-Two-5) Kelly was assisted on her wedding day by Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) , the wedding dress designer and MGM Studios (/wiki/MGM_Studios) ' costume designer, as well as Virginia Darcy, Kelly's MGM hairstylist (/wiki/Hairstylist) . Because of the close friendship between the two women, Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) assumed that she would be asked to design the wedding dress. [6] (#cite_note-Jorgensen2010-6) Instead, Helen Rose, a costume designer in the wardrobe department of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), was selected. The dress was a wedding gift to Kelly from the MGM studio. [5] (#cite_note-Two-5) [7] (#cite_note-Metro-7) [8] (#cite_note-Bridge-8) Civil ceremony [ edit ] For the civil ceremony, which was held at the baroque throne room of the palace on 18 April 1956, the dress worn by Kelly was made of taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) , pale pink in color, covered by cream-colored Alençon lace (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) , designed as a "fitted bodice with high rounded collar and a flared skirt". She wore kid gloves (/wiki/Kidskin) and the Juliet cap (/wiki/Juliet_cap) . The dress for the legal civil ceremony was designed by Helen Rose, who also designed the gown for the main religious ceremony. [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) [5] (#cite_note-Two-5) [7] (#cite_note-Metro-7) The marriage was legally solemnized, according to the civil code of Monaco, in the presence of 80 guests, which included representatives from 24 nations, and it was performed by Marcel Portanier, Monaco's Minister of Justice. [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) Religious ceremony [ edit ] The formal religious wedding ceremony of Kelly and Prince Rainier was held on 19 April 1956 at the Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate (/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate) . The Pontifical High Mass (/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass) was conducted by the Bishop of Monaco (/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Monaco) . The bride wore an elegant wedding dress. It was a high-necked, long-sleeved gown with a fitted torso and billowing skirt. Grace Kelly worked closely with Helen Rose to come up with the design for the dress, and the two women looked to costumes in the MGM archives for inspiration. [9] (#cite_note-9) A wedding dress from the MGM film Invitation is particularly similar to Grace's dress. The dress materials included "twenty-five yards of silk taffeta, one hundred yards of silk net, peau de soie, tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) and 125-year-old Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) rose point lace." The Juliet cap that she wore was bejeweled with seed pearls and orange blossoms. The veil, made of tulle, measured 90 yards. Her other wedding adornments included a small Bible and a bouquet of lilies of the valley (/wiki/Lilies_of_the_valley) . [5] (#cite_note-Two-5) [8] (#cite_note-Bridge-8) The material cost and manufacturing cost of the dress was indicated as US$7266.68, excluding the fee of the designer. [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) In 2005, the Philadelphia Museum of Art discovered that her wedding shoes held a lucky penny, hidden in the right shoe. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Reception and influence [ edit ] The "serenely regal" dress was described by the media when the details were disclosed two days before the wedding. While columnist Ilka Chase (/wiki/Ilka_Chase) observed that it was "a charming dress but not a superb one", the general consensus was that the gown was magnificent. Continuing the idea of a rivalry between European and American clothing in Monaco, The New York Times called it "the loveliest example of the American product". In a simile given by another reporter, the bridal dress train of 3 feet (0.91 m) was described as "flowing like a river of whipped cream among the plush red floor." [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) The wedding announcements, which received wide press coverage, also brought in controversial versions [ clarification needed ] of the claims made by many commercial establishments out to exploit her name such as the Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) announcement that it would give the cosmetics to match her wedding dress, and hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) maker Willy's de Mond announcing that it would give her the pearl-trimmed stockings. All of these claims were denied by Grace. [4] (#cite_note-Haugland2006-4) On 1 April 2006, The Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) presented an exhibition titled Fit for a Princess: Grace Kelly's Wedding Dress , that ran until 21 May 2006. The exhibition was in honor of the 50th anniversary of the wedding. [12] (#cite_note-12) Some 50 years on, Kelly's 1956 wedding gown is still influential; it has come in for praise in recent times because the wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) that Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Catherine_Middleton) wore on 29 April 2011 when she married Prince William (/wiki/Prince_William) was said to have been inspired by it. [13] (#cite_note-13) V-shaped necklines and long, white laced sleeves are particularly mentioned. [14] (#cite_note-Times-14) Israeli singer Maya Bouskilla (/wiki/Maya_Bouskilla) wore a similar copy of the dress for her June 2011 wedding. [15] (#cite_note-15) It was the inspiration for the wedding dress of Once Upon a Time (/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)) ' s Emma Swan (/wiki/Emma_Swan) when she married Captain Hook (/wiki/Killian_Jones) in the musical episode, " The Song in Your Heart (/wiki/The_Song_in_Your_Heart) ". [16] (#cite_note-16) It was also the inspiration for Australian model Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) 's wedding dress worn to her 2017 marriage with American businessman Evan Spiegel (/wiki/Evan_Spiegel) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2021, American socialite Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) wore an Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) wedding dress inspired by the gown itself on her marriage to Carter Reum (/wiki/Carter_Reum) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Brenda Janowitz (/wiki/Brenda_Janowitz) 's novel The Grace Kelly Dress (2020) explores the influence of the dress over 60 years. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Kelly bag (/wiki/Kelly_bag) , a handbag popularized and named after Grace Kelly References [ edit ] ^ a b c Daniels, Maggie; Loveless, Carrie (2007). Wedding planning & management: consultancy for diverse clients . Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 214. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7506-8233-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-Shimer2004_2-0) Shimer, Elizabeth (2004). The wedding gown book: how to find the gown that perfectly fits your body, personality, style, and budget . Quarry Books. p. 17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59253-066-3 . ^ a b Ingraham, Chrys (2008). White weddings: romancing heterosexuality in popular culture . Taylor & Francis. p. 60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-95194-4 . ^ a b c d e f g Haugland, H. Kristina (28 May 2006). Grace Kelly: icon of style to royal bride . Philadelphia Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-11644-1 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ a b c d "Grace Kelly and Prince Rainier's Wedding" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140710094019/http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/a/rainierkelly_2.htm) . Marriage.about.com . Archived from the original (http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/a/rainierkelly_2.htm) on 10 July 2014 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jorgensen2010_6-0) Jorgensen, Jay (2010). Edith Head: The Fifty-Year Career of Hollywood's Greatest Costume Designer . Running Press. p. 242. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7624-3805-1 . ^ a b "Grace Kelly's Wedding Dress and Accessories" (http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/56621.html) . Philadelphia Museum of Art . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ a b "Nicole Richie's Wedding Dress Inspired by Grace Kelly" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110825152342/http://www.celebritybrideguide.com/nicole-richie-wedding-dress/) . celebritybrideguide.com . 15 December 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.celebritybrideguide.com/nicole-richie-wedding-dress/) on 25 August 2011 . Retrieved 1 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "10 Things You May Not Know about Grace Kelly's Wedding Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160422190652/http://theroyalpost.com/2016/04/19/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-grace-kellys-wedding-dress/) . The Royal Post . 19 April 2016. Archived from the original (http://theroyalpost.com/2016/04/19/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-grace-kellys-wedding-dress/) on 22 April 2016 . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Spranklen, Annabelle. "The real story of Grace Kelly's wedding dress and her lesser-known second bridal outfit" (https://www.tatler.com/article/grace-kelly-wedding-dress) . Tatler . Retrieved 7 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Akins, Joe. "Scientists X-Rayed Grace Kelly's Wedding Shoes and Saw a Copper Penny" (https://news.amomama.com/162942-scientists-x-rayed-grace-kellys-wedding.html) . No. 19 July 2019. Amo Mama . Retrieved 7 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Museum Offers Rare Look at Grace Kelly's Wedding Dress April 1–May 21, 2006" (http://www.philamuseum.org/press/releases/2006/492.html) . Philadelphia Museum of Art . 13 January 2006 . Retrieved 13 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Wyllie, Alice. "The Royal wedding: Less Diana, more Grace Kelly – the dress of the decade" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110502035139/http://www.scotsman.com/news/The-Royal-wedding-Less-Diana.6760166.jp) . The Scotsman . UK. Archived from the original (http://www.scotsman.com/news/The-Royal-wedding-Less-Diana.6760166.jp) on 2 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Times_14-0) "Was Kate's wedding gown inspired by Grace Kelly's?" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Was-Kates-wedding-gown-inspired-by-Grace-Kellys-/articleshow/8131448.cms) . Times of India UK . 1 May 2011 . Retrieved 1 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "מאיה בוסקילה וגרייס קלי תאומות" (https://www.makorrishon.co.il/nrg/online/7/ART2/249/796.html) . www.makorrishon.co.il (in Hebrew). 13 June 2011 . Retrieved 27 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Harwood, Erika (8 May 2017). "Once Upon a Time's Emma Swan Got Married in the Ultimate Fairy-Tale Wedding Dress" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Emma-Swan-Wedding-Dress-Once-Upon-Time-43513708#photo-43513731) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Retrieved 8 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Liao, Marina (17 July 2017). "Miranda Kerr's Wedding Gown Was Inspired by This Classic Grace Kelly Look" (http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/07/miranda-kerr-grace-kelly-dior-wedding-dress) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 July 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Davis, Jessica (15 November 2021). "Paris Hilton's Oscar de la Renta wedding dress was inspired by Grace Kelly" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/a38250102/paris-hilton-wedding-dress/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 1 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) The Grace Kelly Dress . Kirkus Reviews . Retrieved 18 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Living Grace Fully - Fiction, Jan. 2020" (https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/ljx200101GraceKelly) . Library Journal . Retrieved 18 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "The Grace Kelly Dress" (https://www.libraryjournal.com/review/the-grace-kelly-dress) . Library Journal . Retrieved 18 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Grace Kelly Dress, by Brenda Janowitz . Booklist Online . Retrieved 18 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Winik, Marion. "LI's Brenda Janowitz talks about 'The Grace Kelly Dress' (https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/books/brenda-janowitz-the-grace-kelly-dress-l90615) " (https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/books/brenda-janowitz-the-grace-kelly-dress-l90615) . Newsday . Retrieved 18 April 2023 . 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Sikh Chola ਚੋਲਾ Preserved Sikh chola Type Indian (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) (specifically Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_clothing) ) Place of origin Punjab Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Sikhism) on Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism) People (/wiki/Sikhs) Topics (/wiki/Category:Sikhs) Outline (/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism) History (/wiki/History_of_Sikhism) Glossary (/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism) Sikh gurus Guru Nanak (/wiki/Guru_Nanak) Guru Angad (/wiki/Guru_Angad) Guru Amar Das (/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das) Guru Ram Das (/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das) Guru Arjan (/wiki/Guru_Arjan) Guru Hargobind (/wiki/Guru_Hargobind) Guru Har Rai (/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai) Guru Har Krishan (/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan) Guru Tegh Bahadur (/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur) Guru Gobind Singh (/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh) Guru Granth Sahib (/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib) (/wiki/Bhagat) Selected revered saints Bhagat Kabir (/wiki/Kabir) Bhagat Ravidas (/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidas) Bhagat Farid (/wiki/Bhagat_Farid) Bhagat Ramanand (/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanand) Bhagat Beni (/wiki/Bhagat_Beni) Bhagat Namdev (/wiki/Namdev) Bhagat Sadhana (/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhana) Bhagat Bhikhan (/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhan) Bhagat Parmanand (/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanand) Bhagat Sain (/wiki/Bhagat_Sain) Bhagat Dhanna (/wiki/Bhagat_Dhanna) Bhagat Pipa (/wiki/Bhagat_Pipa) Bhagat Surdas (/wiki/Surdas) Bhagat Jaidev (/wiki/Jayadeva) Bhagat Trilochan (/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan) Bhatt Kalshar (/wiki/Bhatt_Kalshar) Bhatt Balh (/wiki/Bhatt_Balh) Bhatt Bhalh (/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalh) Bhatt Bhika (/wiki/Bhatt_Bhika) Bhatt Gayand (/wiki/Bhatt_Gayand) Bhatt Harbans (/wiki/Bhatt_Harbans) Bhatt Jalap (/wiki/Bhatt_Jalap) Bhatt Kirat (/wiki/Bhatt_Kirat) Bhatt Mathura (/wiki/Bhatt_Mathura) Bhatt Nalh (/wiki/Bhatt_Nalh) Bhatt Salh (/wiki/Bhatt_Salh) Baba Sundar (/wiki/Baba_Sunder) Satta Doom (/wiki/Satta_Doom) Balvand Rai (/wiki/Balvand_Rai) Philosophy Naam Japo (/wiki/Naam_Japo) Kirat Karō Vand Chakkō Charhdi Kalā Guru Maneyo Granth (/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth) Five Thieves (/wiki/Five_Thieves) Five Virtues (/wiki/Five_Virtues) Practices Sikh Rehat Maryada (/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada) Prohibitions (/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism) Ardās (/wiki/Ard%C4%81s) Kirtan (/wiki/Kirtan) Amrit Velā (/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81) Dasvand (/wiki/Dasvand) The Five Ks (/wiki/The_Five_Ks) Langar (/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)) Sewa (/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)) Simran (/wiki/Simran) Nitnem (/wiki/Nitnem) Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) (Turban) Naam Karan (/wiki/Naam_Karan) Amrit Sanskar (/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar) Anand Karaj (/wiki/Anand_Karaj) Antam Sanskar (/wiki/Antam_Sanskar) Scripture Guru Granth Sahib (/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib) Dasam Granth (/wiki/Dasam_Granth) Sarbloh Granth (/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth) Five Banis (/wiki/Five_Banis) Places and Takhts Gurdwara (/wiki/Gurdwara) Harmandir Sahib (/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib) Akal Takht (/wiki/Akal_Takht) Keshgarh Sahib (/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib) Damdama Sahib (/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib) Patna Sahib (/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib) Hazur Sahib (/wiki/Takht_Sri_Hazur_Sahib) General topics (/wiki/Category:Sikhism) Ik Onkar (/wiki/Ik_Onkar) Khalsa (/wiki/Khalsa) Waheguru (/wiki/Waheguru) Panj Pyare (/wiki/Panj_Pyare) Nirgun and Sargun (/wiki/Nirgun_and_Sargun_(Sikhism)) Khanda (/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)) Literature (/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature) Music (/wiki/Category:Sikh_music) Names (/wiki/Sikh_names) Nanakshahi calendar (/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar) Criticism (/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism) Jathedar of Akal Takht (/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht) War (/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)) Sects (/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism) Sikhism and other religions Sikhism and Hinduism (/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism) Sikhism and Islam (/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism) Sikhism and Jainism (/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism) Religion portal (/wiki/Portal:Religion) v t e Sikh Chola ( Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_language) : ਚੋਲਾ (Gurmukhi) , romanized: Cōlā , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'Robe') is traditional dress worn by Sikhs (/wiki/Sikhs) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Description [ edit ] It is a martial attire which gives freedom of movement to a Sikh warrior. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Sikh Chola is also unisex attire, and may also be decorated with heavy embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) all over it or on the chest. Preserved examples [ edit ] There are preserved chola relics and artefacts that were worn by the Sikh Gurus. [5] (#cite_note-5) A particular Khilka -type Chola believed to have belonged to Guru Nanak (/wiki/Guru_Nanak) has garnered considerable attention and study. [6] (#cite_note-6) A preserved chola of Guru Hargobind (/wiki/Guru_Hargobind) linked to the tale of his release from Gwalior Fort (/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas) with fifty-two fellow prisoners is believed to be preserved at Ghudani Kalan village in Amritsar district of Punjab, India. [7] (#cite_note-7) Gallery [ edit ] 19th century painting depicting Guru Nanak wearing robe with Perso-Arabic inscriptions Historical painting of Guru Hargobind dressed in chola Historical painting of Guru Gobind Singh dressed in chola Chola of Guru Gobind Singh. Clothing relics of Guru Gobind Singh kept by Bhai Behlo's descendants Depiction of Bhai Alam Singh 'Nachna' (died 1705), a close companion of Guru Gobind Singh, wearing chola Circa 1750 painting of Guru Hargobind (also identified as Guru Har Rai) and an attendant wearing chola Painting of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh standing wearing chola See also [ edit ] Sikh art and culture (/wiki/Sikh_art_and_culture) Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Patka (/wiki/Patka) Thatha (/wiki/Thatha) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gill, Harjinder Singh. "ਚੋਲਾ - SGGS Gurmukhi-English Data" (https://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.dictionary?Param=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE) . Sri Granth: Punjabi Dictionary & Encyclopedia (www.srigranth.org) . Santa Monica, CA, USA . Retrieved 2022-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "ਚੋਲਾ" (https://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.dictionary?Param=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE) . Sri Granth: Punjabi Dictionary & Encyclopedia (www.srigranth.org) . Retrieved 2022-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sikh Chola Images (http://www.sikhstuff.com) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Chola Definition by About.com (http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Chhollaa.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "ਚੋਲਾ ਗੁਰੂ ਕਾ - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ" (https://punjabipedia.org/topic.aspx?txt=%25u0a1a%25u0a4b%25u0a32%25u0a3e+%25u0a17%25u0a41%25u0a30%25u0a42+%25u0a15%25u0a3e) [Cholas of the Gurus]. punjabipedia.org (in Punjabi) . Retrieved 2022-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sarna, Jasbir Singh (2020-05-25). "Muslim savants fascinated with Guru Nanak's spirituality, gift the Arabic robe" (https://www.theworldsikhnews.com/muslim-savants-fascinated-with-guru-nanaks-spirituality-gift-the-arabic-robe/) . The World Sikh News . Retrieved 2022-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kaur, Usmeet (2014-10-21). "Faith preserved, Guru Hargobind's sacred robe restored" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/faith-preserved-guru-hargobind-s-sacred-robe-restored/story-KoLK7kjZNCxFHQX13s8ntL.html) . Hindustan Times . Amritsar . Retrieved 2022-09-05 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Melbourne-based couture house This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%27Aton_Couture&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( February 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) J'Aton Couture is a Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) -based couture house, established by Jacob Luppino and Anthony Pittorino in 1995. History [ edit ] J'Aton is a Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) -based fashion house founded by Jacob Luppino and Anthony Pittorino in Ascot Vale (/wiki/Ascot_Vale,_Victoria) . They draw inspiration from their Italian heritage, and employing traditional techniques. J'Aton has gained a reputation as a top choice among Australia's social and celebrity elite. [1] (#cite_note-1) Work [ edit ] J'Aton Couture has been recipient of many awards, including the 2009 Prix de Marie Claire Awards for Best Eveningwear Designers [2] (#cite_note-2) and numerous Australian Gown of the Year acknowledgments. In addition to private couture requests, the house has created many custom-made evening gowns for local and international red carpets and editorial assignments. Many high-profile women have worn the label including Tina Arena (/wiki/Tina_Arena) , Dita von Teese (/wiki/Dita_von_Teese) , Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) , Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) and Dannii Minogue (/wiki/Dannii_Minogue) , Melissa George (/wiki/Melissa_George) , Delta Goodrem (/wiki/Delta_Goodrem) , Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) and Keisha Whitaker. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Destruction of studio [ edit ] On 10 December 2008, fire engulfed the label's atelier above the Greville Street showroom. The resulting damage to the premises was estimated to be worth $300,000 while it was estimated by the designers that the twenty evening gowns destroyed in the fire were worth $400,000 to 500,000. [6] (#cite_note-hs-6) The substantial financial loss and the event of the fire and clean-up itself, forced the designers to delay J'Aton Couture's move to New York. [6] (#cite_note-hs-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "J'Aton Couture \| Melbourne Now \| NGV" (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/melbourne-now/artists/jaton-couture/) . www.ngv.vic.gov.au . Retrieved 10 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "J'Aton - Designers for Daffodil Day" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100218030932/http://www.designersfor.daffodilday.com.au/jaton/) . Archived from the original (http://www.designersfor.daffodilday.com.au/jaton) on 18 February 2010 . Retrieved 8 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jaton Delays New York Move (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/sunday-heraldsun/jaton-delays-new-york-move/story-e6frf92x-1225815538415) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) We love Dannii and she loves J'Aton (http://stylemywardrobe.com/2009/11/30/we-love-dannii-and-she-loves-jaton/) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Double date for Brogue – Irish Daily Star \| Irish Daily Star" (https://archive.today/20130218060944/http://www.thestar.ie/star/double-date-for-brogue/) . Archived from the original (http://www.thestar.ie/star/double-date-for-brogue/) on 18 February 2013 . Retrieved 20 December 2012 . ^ a b Miller, Megan; Horan, Patrick (10 December 2008). "Stock destroyed in J'Aton fashion shop in Greville St, Prahran" (https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/fire-destroys-high-fashion-stock/news-story/fab3e177be1d8c12b58936b77186c118) . Herald Sun . Retrieved 9 April 2023 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%27Aton_Couture&oldid=1232573860 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%27Aton_Couture&oldid=1232573860) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian companies established in 1995 (/wiki/Category:Australian_companies_established_in_1995) Clothing brands of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Australia) Clothing retailers of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Australia) Australian brands (/wiki/Category:Australian_brands) Australian fashion (/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Retail companies established in 1995 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1995) Companies based in Sydney (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Sydney) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from January 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2023) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with a promotional tone from February 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_February_2014) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone) Use dmy dates from June 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2023)
Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1970 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1970) 1971 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1971) 1972 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1972) 1973 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1973) 1974 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1974) 1975 1976 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1976) 1977 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1977) 1978 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1978) 1979 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1979) 1980 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1980) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐94ttf Cached time: 20240718005306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.116 seconds Real time usage: 0.279 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 50/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2594/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.087/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 947520/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 268.881 1 -total 82.39% 221.535 1 Template:Navseasoncats 17.51% 47.088 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52301831-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718005306 and revision id 974953943. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1975" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Armani (/wiki/Armani) Avirex (/wiki/Avirex) B Bosideng (/wiki/Bosideng) C Charlotte Russe (retailer) (/wiki/Charlotte_Russe_(retailer)) M Members Only (fashion brand) (/wiki/Members_Only_(fashion_brand)) O Olympikus (/wiki/Olympikus) P Paul & Shark (/wiki/Paul_%26_Shark) Penfield (company) (/wiki/Penfield_(company)) Piping Hot (/wiki/Piping_Hot) Promod (/wiki/Promod) S Seafolly (/wiki/Seafolly) T Topper (brand) (/wiki/Topper_(brand)) Z Zara (retailer) (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1975&oldid=974953943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1975&oldid=974953943) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1975 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1975) Manufacturing companies established in 1975 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1975) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
American streetwear brand "Le FLEUR" redirects here. Not to be confused with LeFleur (/wiki/LeFleur_(disambiguation)) . This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golf_Wang&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( July 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) GOLF WANG Company type Private company (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Founded 2011 ; 13 years ago ( 2011 ) Founder Tyler Okonma Headquarters 350 N Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles 35 Howard St. NYC 57-59 Beak St. London, Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Tyler Okonma (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) Products Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) , Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Website www (http://www.golfwang.com) .golfwang (http://www.golfwang.com) .com (http://www.golfwang.com) golflefleur (http://golflefleur.com) .com (http://golflefleur.com) Golf Wang (stylised in all caps as GOLF WANG ) is an American (/wiki/American_football) street-wear (/wiki/Streetwear) brand established in 2011 by American musician Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) . [1] (#cite_note-Frank-1) [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) The name Golf Wang is a spoonerism (/wiki/Spoonerism) of his Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) -based musical collective Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All (/wiki/Odd_Future) (OFWGKTA) or Odd Future for short, of which he was a co-founder . [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Golf Wang is known for its colorful visual aesthetic (/wiki/Aesthetic) . [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) [1] (#cite_note-Frank-1) In 2013, the brand expanded beyond its Odd Future affiliation and established itself in the fashion industry. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) It is designed by Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) . [6] (#cite_note-:33-6) The brand offers clothing, footwear through collaborations with Converse (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) often under the name GOLF le FLEUR, jewellery, upon other products. "Holiday 1991", the brand's first look book, was released on December 11, 2011. [7] (#cite_note-:62-7) Creative expansion [ edit ] Split from Odd Future [ edit ] Golf Wang still affiliated with Odd Future (/wiki/Odd_Future) , during its December 2011 debut. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) In 2013, Golf Wang publicly separated from Odd Future. [6] (#cite_note-:33-6) Collaborations [ edit ] In its history, Golf Wang has gone on to collaborate with other brands as a part of various projects. Golf Wang's first notable collaboration was its project with Vans (/wiki/Vans) . [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) The partnership lasted from 2013 to 2016. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) In an interview with Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) Magazine in 2017, Tyler stated that Golf Wang cut ties with Vans (/wiki/Vans) due to a lack of creative liberty. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) Following Golf Wang's departure from Vans (/wiki/Vans) , Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) and Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) collaborated to create the shoe collection GOLF le FLEUR. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) In 2017, Golf Wang collaborated with Japanese sandal brand SUICOKE. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) Their first release was the KAW-CAB sandals in colors 'Mocha' and 'Lemon Yellow'. [8] (#cite_note-8) In April 2019, they released a third version of the KAW-CAB sandals. [9] (#cite_note-9) Then in October 2019, a different silhouette called the 'DEPA-CAB' sandals was released in two new colorways. [10] (#cite_note-10) Also in 2019, GOLF le FLEUR and Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) released a new, original silhouette named the 'GLF Giano Ox'. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) [11] (#cite_note-:13-11) The shoes were available in two colorways, 'Bright Concord' and 'Cuban Sand'. [11] (#cite_note-:13-11) That same year, GOLF WANG created a scented candle in collaboration with Japanese fragrance label " reta W (https://shopcanoeclub.com/collections/retaw) ". Named 'Coldwater', the candle was released on March 23, 2019. For apparel, Golf le Fleur partnered with fashion brand Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) for an SS19 collection named 'GOLF le COSTE'. [12] (#cite_note-:11-12) The clothing line featured colors such as pale pink, beige, and off-white named respectively 'litchi', 'geode', and 'mascarpone'. [12] (#cite_note-:11-12) Golf le Fleur then collaborated with Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams (/wiki/Jeni%27s_Splendid_Ice_Creams) . [13] (#cite_note-:9-13) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The first ice cream was named 'Snowflake', released on July 8, 2019, it was a white chocolate ice cream flavor. [13] (#cite_note-:9-13) The second flavor, 'Pluto Bleu' was released online on September 17, 2020, and was a blood orange and blueberry flavored ice cream. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [14] (#cite_note-14) On May 20, 2020, Golf Wang released a top and bottom set with Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) for their '501 day'. [15] (#cite_note-:122-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) The collaboration featured Levi's vintage-fit trucker jacket and 501 '93 jeans in Ecru (/wiki/Ecru) denim with rainbow-colored polka dots. [15] (#cite_note-:122-15) GOLF le FLEUR [ edit ] Golf le Fleur was introduced at the Golf Wang fashion show at Made L.A. on June 11, 2016. [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) Named "Golf le Fleur" (stylized as "GOLF le FLEUR"), it was first introduced as a shoe collaboration between Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) and Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) . [18] (#cite_note-18) The collection was named "GOLF le FLEUR" to mean Flower Boy (/wiki/Flower_Boy) in French though the translation is inaccurate . [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) It was released in the same year as Tyler's Flower Boy (/wiki/Flower_Boy) album. [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) First made available to the public on July 13, 2017, the first design released was Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) One Star shoes in a new, light blue colorway called "Clearwater". [20] (#cite_note-20) As of December 2021, Golf le FLEUR* has branched away from Golf Wang into a standalone luxury lifestyle and apparel brand debuting with an invite-only pop-up shop in Los Angeles. [21] (#cite_note-21) On August 3, 2017, the first set of Golf le Fleurs was released. They came in 4 colors, called "Airway Blue" (light blue), "Peach Pearl" (peach colored), "Sulfur" (yellow) and "Fuchsia Glow" (fuchsia/lavender). [22] (#cite_note-22) On October 16, 2017, the second set of Golf le Fleurs was announced. This set was named the "Uno", which contained three new shoes with a brand-new insole, design, and bottom. The colors Jolly Green (forest green), Vanilla (cream), and Solar Power (yellow), were released on November 2, 2017. [23] (#cite_note-23) On January 4, 2018, the second set of "Anas", and the third overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They were released on January 18, 2018, with the colors "Bachelor Blue" (light blue), "Geranium Pink" (light pink), and "Jade Lime" (light green). [24] (#cite_note-24) On April 23, 2018, the first set of the line known as "Momos", and the fourth overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They are a monotone colored shoe, and on April 26, 2018, they were released. The colors were "Black", "White", "Greener Pastures" (dark green), "Limoges" (dark blue), and "Rhubarb" (burgundy). [25] (#cite_note-25) On May 23, the third set of "Anas", (also nicknamed "two-toned") and the fifth overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They were released on June 1, 2018, with the colors "Purple Heart" (purple and green), "Molten Lava" (red and blue), "Candy Pink" (red and pink), and "Plume" (baby blue and baby pink). [26] (#cite_note-26) On February 23, 2019, the "Industrial" line was released with another rework of the Converse (shoe company) (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) "One Star". The shoes were released with barely blue/egret/black and barely blue/patriot/egret colorways. The line also included matching '60s workwear boilersuits (/wiki/Boilersuits) . [27] (#cite_note-27) On May 17, the "Velvet le Fleur" line was released. This included two reworks of the "One Star" in red and brown as well as a rework of the "Chuck 70" in purple, all of which use a quilted velvet material. [28] (#cite_note-28) On June 28, another pair of "Anas" was released, featuring a bright rainbow sole and an all-white upper. [29] (#cite_note-29) On September 13, a pair of Converse All-Stars was released with a polka dot design. Fashion shows [ edit ] Golf Wang made its runway debut on June 11, 2016, at Made LA, a fashion event created by IMG. (/wiki/IMG_(company)) [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) 2016 was the premiere of Made LA on the west coast. [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) The show also marked the debut of the 'Golf le Fleur' shoe collaboration, with Converse and Vans . [30] (#cite_note-30) [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) In addition to a live audience, the show was broadcast on the internet. [7] (#cite_note-:62-7) Notable attendees included Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Dylan and Cole Sprouse (/wiki/Dylan_and_Cole_Sprouse) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , YG (/wiki/YG_(rapper)) , Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) , Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) , and Amandla Stenberg (/wiki/Amandla_Stenberg) . [6] (#cite_note-:33-6) [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) The show implemented a "see-now, buy-now" process at the event, meaning that the collection was available for pre-order after the show. [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) The show's set design included a bedroom connected to a skate ramp and the event was accompanied by musical performances. [17] (#cite_note-:52-17) [32] (#cite_note-:10-32) Golf Wang's 3 Flagship stores [ edit ] The front of the Golf Wang store in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) The first Odd Future store was opened on Fairfax Avenue in 2011. [7] (#cite_note-:62-7) The Odd Future (/wiki/Odd_Future) would come to be the first retail space that sold Golf Wang. [7] (#cite_note-:62-7) In 2014, Tyler described in a series of tweets that the Odd Future store on Fairfax Avenue (/wiki/Fairfax_Avenue) had closed. [33] (#cite_note-33) On October 25, 2017, Tyler announced that he would open the Golf Wang flagship, named "GOLF" on 350 North Fairfax Avenue in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/California) . [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-:7-35) [2] (#cite_note-:14-2) The new location officially opened on October 26, 2017, and features an indoor skating bowl. [36] (#cite_note-36) [35] (#cite_note-:7-35) A second "GOLF" storefront opened on November 12, 2022, located on 35 Howard Street in New York, NYC. Finally, third "GOLF" storefront opened in London on October 21, 2023, becoming the first store to open outside of the United States launching their "GOLF ACROSS THE POND" limited time campaign. Tyler held meet and greets at both stores upon their opening. Collections [ edit ] GOLF WANG has released a variety of collections since 2013. The most notable being: F/W 2013, S/S 2014, F/W 2014, S/S 2015, F/W 2015, F/W 2016, F/W 2017, AUTUMN 2018, WINTER 2018, SUMMER 2019, WINTER 2019, AUTUMN 2019, AUTUMN 2020, WINTER 2020, AUTUMN 2020, WINTER 2020, SUMMER 2021, WINTER 2021, SUMMER 2022, F/W 2022, S/S 2023, F/W 2023, and S/S 2024. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Frank, Alex. "Why You'll Want to Be Online Sunday Before Tyler, The Creator's New Collection Sells Out" (https://www.vogue.com/article/tyler-the-creator-golf-wang-fall-collection) . Vogue . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "How Golf Wang Evolved With Tyler, the Creator's Career" (https://www.complex.com/style/how-golf-wang-evolved-with-tyler-the-creators-career) . Complex . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tyler, The Creator creates new 'Pluto Bleu' ice cream flavour" (https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/music/tyler-the-creator-creates-new-pluto-bleu-ice-cream-flavour-2754861) . NME \| Music, Film, TV, Gaming & Pop Culture News . 2020-09-16 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tyler, the Creator and the Ironic(ish) Style of His Golf Wang Line" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/6099335/tyler-the-creator-golf-wang-style) . Billboard . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_5-0) Dazed (2019-07-01). "A brief guide to Tyler, The Creator's style evolution" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/45072/1/tyler-the-creator-style-evolution-golf-wang-igor-los-angeles-skater-supreme) . Dazed . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Inside Tyler, The Creator's Colorful Golf Wang World at Made L.A." (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/inside-tyler-creators-colorful-golf-902308) The Hollywood Reporter . 2016-06-13 . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "How Tyler, The Creator Became A Runway Designer" (https://www.thefader.com/2016/06/10/the-evolution-of-tyler-the-designer) . The FADER . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Tyler, The Creator Reveals Full GOLF x Suicoke Sandal Collaboration" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/10/tyler-the-creator-golf-suicoke-kaw-cab-sandals-release) . HYPEBEAST . 2018-10-22 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "GOLF and Suicoke Rejoin for Third KAW-CAB Slip-On Sandal" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/4/tyler-the-creator-golf-suicoke-kaw-cab-sandals-third-colorway-drop) . HYPEBEAST . 2019-04-19 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "GOLF and Suicoke Team Up for FW19 DEPA-CAB Sandals" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/10/golf-suicoke-green-beige-depa-cab-sandal-release) . HYPEBEAST . 2019-10-25 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b "GOLF le FLEUR* & Converse Take to the Trails With New GLF Gianno Ox" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/11/golf-le-fleur-converse-glf-gianno-ox-167376c-167375c-release-date-tyler-the-creator) . HYPEBEAST . 2019-11-06 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b "GOLF le FLEUR* and Lacoste Dish Out Pastel-Rich Collaboration" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/7/golf-le-fleur-lacoste-collaboration-capsule-lookbook-tyler-the-creator) . HYPEBEAST . 2019-07-09 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Matthew. "Tyler, the Creator Unveils Signature Ice Cream Flavor" (https://pitchfork.com/news/tyler-the-creator-unveils-signature-ice-cream-flavor/) . Pitchfork . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Tyler, the Ice Cream Creator Shares New Flavor" (https://www.papermag.com/tyler-the-creator-jenis-ice-cream-2647668508.html?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1) . PAPER . 2020-09-15 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tyler, The Creator's Golf Wang and Levi's have finally teamed up" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/tyler-the-creator-golf-wang-levis) . British GQ . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "GOLF WANG and Levi's Create Polka Dot Capsule for 501 Day" (https://hypebeast.com/2020/5/golf-wang-levis-tyler-the-creator-501-day-polka-dot) . HYPEBEAST . 2020-05-18 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gustashaw, Megan (June 13, 2016). "Why Tyler, the Creator's Wacked-Out, Trippy Fashion Show Was a Game Changer" (https://www.gq.com/story/tyler-the-creator-fashion-show-game-changer) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Retrieved June 25, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Nnadi, Chioma. "Tyler, the Creator Is the Fashion Rebel the World Needs Right Now" (https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/tyler-the-creator-interview-golf-wang-converse-camp-flog-gnaw) . Vogue . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b Trammell, Matthew. "Tyler, the Creator's Fashion Statement" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/tyler-the-creators-fashion-statement) . The New Yorker . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Johnson, Patrick (July 20, 2017). "Tyler, The Creator's Converse Collaboration Drops This Thursday" (https://sneakernews.com/2017/07/10/golf-wang-tyler-the-creator-converse-one-star-release-date/) . Sneaker News . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Wilson, Mark (2021-12-08). "Tyler, The Creator's new Golf le Fleur line is a travel fantasy extravaganza" (https://www.fastcompany.com/90703483/tyler-the-creators-new-golf-le-fleur-line-is-a-travel-fantasy-extravaganza) . Fast Company . Retrieved 2022-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Staff (July 27, 2017). "Converse Officially Unveils Tyler, The Creator's Golf Le Fleur x One Star Collection" (https://sneakernews.com/2017/07/27/tyler-the-creator-converse-one-star-golf-le-fleur-release-info/) . Sneaker News . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Danforth, Chris (October 16, 2017). "Tyler, The Creator & Converse Officially Debut Golf le Fleur* Sneakers & Apparel" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/2017/10/16/tyler-creator-converse-golf-le-fleur-sneakers/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Deng, Victor (January 15, 2018). "Tyler, the Creator's One Star Dropping in Three New Colorways" (https://solecollector.com/news/2018/01/tyler-the-creator-golf-le-fleur-january-release) . Sole Collector (/wiki/Sole_Collector) . Complex Media (/wiki/Complex_Media) . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Boykins, Austin (April 23, 2018). "Converse Reveals New GOLF le Fleur* "Mono" Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/4/converse-golf-le-fleur-mono-collection-release-date) . Hypebeast . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Watamanuk, Tyler (May 24, 2018). "Tyler, the Creator and Converse Are Here to Brighten Up Your Summer Kicks" (https://www.gq.com/story/tyler-the-creator-converse-golf-le-fleur-summer-2018-drop) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "GOLF le FLEUR* x Converse "Industrial" Pack Gets an Official Release Date" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/2/converse-golf-le-fleur-industrial-release-date) . HYPEBEAST . Retrieved February 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Converse and Tyler, The Creator Buck Seasonal Norms" (https://news.nike.com/footwear/converse-x-golf-le-fleur-quilted-velvet-collection-official-release-date) . Nike . Retrieved September 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Official Look at Tyler, The Creator's Rainbow GOLF le FLEUR* Converse" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/6/tyler-the-creator-golf-le-fleur-rainbow-release-details-first-look) . HYPEBEAST . Retrieved September 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Tyler, the Creator presents first Golf Wang fashion show" (http://www.rap-up.com/2016/06/12/tyler-the-creator-presents-first-golf-wang-fashion-show/) . Rap-Up (/wiki/Rap-Up) . June 12, 2016 . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Tyler, the Creator Presents First Golf Wang Fashion Show" (https://www.rap-up.com/2016/06/12/tyler-the-creator-presents-first-golf-wang-fashion-show/) . Rap-Up . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Here's What Went Down at Tyler, the Creator's First Golf Wang Fashion Show" (https://www.complex.com/style/2016/06/tyler-the-creator-golf-wang-fashion-show) . Complex . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Odd Future's Store on Fairfax Has Closed" (https://www.complex.com/style/2015/01/odd-futures-store-on-fairfax-has-closed) . Complex . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Tyler, The Creator Launches Golf Wang L.A. Flagship Store" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8014772/tyler-the-creator-golf-wang-la-flagship-story) . Billboard . Retrieved 2021-01-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tyler, The Creator Is Opening a Permanent GOLF Store on Fairfax" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/tyler-creator-golf-store-fairfax/) . Highsnobiety . 2017-10-25 . Retrieved 2021-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Krastz, Roger (October 25, 2017). "Tyler, The Creator to Open Golf Wang Flagship Store in Los Angeles" (http://www.xxlmag.com/lifestyle/2017/10/tyler-the-creator-is-opening-golf-wang-flagship-store-in-los-angeles/) . XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) . Townsquare Media (/wiki/Townsquare_Media) . Retrieved November 23, 2018 . v t e Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) Discography (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator_discography) Production discography (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator_production_discography) List of songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Tyler,_the_Creator) Studio albums Goblin (/wiki/Goblin_(album)) Wolf (/wiki/Wolf_(Tyler,_the_Creator_album)) Cherry Bomb (/wiki/Cherry_Bomb_(album)) Flower Boy (/wiki/Flower_Boy) Igor (/wiki/Igor_(album)) Call Me If You Get Lost (/wiki/Call_Me_If_You_Get_Lost) Mixtapes/EPs Bastard (/wiki/Bastard_(mixtape)) Music Inspired by Illumination & Dr. Seuss' The Grinch (/wiki/Music_Inspired_by_Illumination_%26_Dr._Seuss%27_The_Grinch) Singles " Yonkers (/wiki/Yonkers_(song)) " " She (/wiki/She_(Tyler,_the_Creator_song)) " " Domo23 (/wiki/Domo23) " " Deathcamp (/wiki/Deathcamp_(song)) " " Who Dat Boy (/wiki/Who_Dat_Boy) " " 911 / Mr. Lonely (/wiki/911_/_Mr._Lonely) " " Boredom (/wiki/Boredom_(Tyler,_the_Creator_song)) " " I Ain't Got Time! (/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Got_Time!) " " See You Again (/wiki/See_You_Again_(Tyler,_the_Creator_song)) " " Okra (/wiki/Okra_(song)) " " 435 (/wiki/435_(song)) " " Potato Salad (/wiki/Potato_Salad_(song)) " " Earfquake (/wiki/Earfquake) " " Best Interest (/wiki/Best_Interest_(song)) " " Lumberjack (/wiki/Lumberjack_(song)) " " WusYaName (/wiki/WusYaName) " " Dogtooth (/wiki/Dogtooth_(song)) " " Sorry Not Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_Not_Sorry_(Tyler,_the_Creator_song)) " Featured singles " Trouble on My Mind (/wiki/Trouble_on_My_Mind) " " Rella (/wiki/Rella_(song)) " " Biking (/wiki/Biking_(song)) " " After the Storm (/wiki/After_the_Storm_(Kali_Uchis_song)) " " Gravity (/wiki/Gravity_(Brent_Faiyaz_and_DJ_Dahi_song)) " " Cash In Cash Out (/wiki/Cash_In_Cash_Out) " Other songs " Radicals (/wiki/Radicals_(song)) " " Martians vs. Goblins (/wiki/Martians_vs._Goblins) " " IFHY (/wiki/IFHY) " " Tamale (/wiki/Tamale_(song)) " " Smuckers (/wiki/Smuckers_(song)) " " You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch (/wiki/You%27re_a_Mean_One,_Mr._Grinch) " " I Think (/wiki/I_Think) " " New Magic Wand (/wiki/New_Magic_Wand) " " Gone, Gone / Thank You (/wiki/Gone,_Gone_/_Thank_You) " " T.D (/wiki/T.D_(song)) " " Sweet / I Thought You Wanted to Dance (/wiki/Sweet_/_I_Thought_You_Wanted_to_Dance) " " Juggernaut (/wiki/Juggernaut_(song)) " " Here We Go... Again (/wiki/Here_We_Go..._Again) " Related articles Odd Future (/wiki/Odd_Future) Odd Future Records (/wiki/Odd_Future_Records) Golf Wang Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival (/wiki/Camp_Flog_Gnaw_Carnival) The OF Tape Vol. 2 (/wiki/The_OF_Tape_Vol._2) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐b8zcc Cached time: 20240712173833 Cache expiry: 1664489 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.503 seconds Real time usage: 0.831 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3255/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 86197/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3905/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 147221/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.322/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6844477/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 529.529 1 -total 40.72% 215.599 1 Template:Reflist 34.90% 184.798 36 Template:Cite_web 16.80% 88.946 1 Template:Infobox_company 15.19% 80.453 1 Template:Infobox 14.89% 78.829 1 Template:Tyler,_the_Creator 14.56% 77.105 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 10.95% 58.000 1 Template:Short_description 8.47% 44.853 1 Template:Advert 7.72% 40.867 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39629852-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173833 and revision id 1228375070. 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Fashion brand of Red Bull GmbH This article is about the fashion brand. For the star designated Alpha Tauri, see Aldebaran (/wiki/Aldebaran) . For the re-branded Formula One team, see Scuderia AlphaTauri (/wiki/Scuderia_AlphaTauri) . This article needs to be updated . The reason given is: Only discusses 2018 activity. Please help update this to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( October 2020 ) AlphaTauri Product type Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Owner AlphaTauri GmbH (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) Introduced 2016 ( 2016 ) Markets Worldwide Tagline Fits body and mind Website alphatauri (https://alphatauri.com/) .com (https://alphatauri.com/) AlphaTauri is a fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_brand) founded in 2016 as a brand extension of Red Bull (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) into the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand is named after the Alpha Tauri (/wiki/Aldebaran) star, and pays tribute to the founding company, Red Bull. Its headquarters are in Salzburg (/wiki/Salzburg) , Austria. Background [ edit ] AlphaTauri launched its first campaign for the Autumn/Winter 2018 season. [2] (#cite_note-2) The collection in 2018 included parkas, coats, shirts, sweaters, T-shirts, caps, belts and bags. [ citation needed ] In 2019, a pop-up store (/wiki/Pop-up_store) was presented, which is built into a truck and can be set up within 20 minutes and is around 60 square meters in size. Its first mission was planned for autumn 2020. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2020, AlphaTauri launched a capsule collection of heatable clothes developed with Schoeller Textil and Telekom. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since its launch, the brand has participated in various international fashion fairs such as FashionTech [5] (#cite_note-5) as well as the bi-annual Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , [6] (#cite_note-6) where the brand showcased its use of 3D technology in clothing design, through 3D Knit lab from Japanese company Shima Seiki. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Activities [ edit ] Alpha Tauri develops and patents its own textile technologies, such as Taurex, [9] (#cite_note-TAUREX-9) [10] (#cite_note-HUNGER_WANTS:_ALPHATAURI’S_WOMEN_KAAV_TAUREX®_TRENCH_COAT-10) developed in collaboration with the Swiss company Schoeller Textil AG [11] (#cite_note-So_startet_die_Red_Bull-Marke_AlphaTauri_in_den_Herbst-11) specializing in the development and production of innovative fabrics and textile technologies. [12] (#cite_note-schoeller-12) The brand had three flagship stores in 2022, one in Graz (/wiki/Graz) , one in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) and one in Salzburg. [13] (#cite_note-13) Formula One [ edit ] Scuderia AlphaTauri [ edit ] Main article: Scuderia AlphaTauri (/wiki/Scuderia_AlphaTauri) Red Bull Racing (/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing) (RBR) junior team Scuderia Toro Rosso (/wiki/Scuderia_Toro_Rosso) was rebranded to Scuderia AlphaTauri in 2020 (/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship) to promote the brand. [14] (#cite_note-14) On top of the rebranding, the team was promoted to the sister team to RBR. [15] (#cite_note-15) Pierre Gasly (/wiki/Pierre_Gasly) won the 2020 Italian Grand Prix (/wiki/2020_Italian_Grand_Prix) while driving for the team. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2024 (/wiki/2024_Formula_One_World_Championship) , the team was rebranded to RB Formula One Team (/wiki/RB_Formula_One_Team) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Sponsorship [ edit ] AlphaTauri signed a two-year deal with Formula One (/wiki/Formula_One) to become the official premium fashion apparel supplier starting from 2022. [18] (#cite_note-18) The brand became the FIA (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile) 's first clothing partner in 2024 on a three-year contract. [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Get a First Look at the Debut Collection From AlphaTauri, Red Bull's New Fashion Brand" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/9/red-bull-alphatauri-fall-winter-2018-collection-lookbook) . HYPEBEAST . 18 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Red Bull's AlphaTauri Delivers a Future-Ready AW18 Campaign" (https://www.complex.com/style/2018/09/alphatauri) . Complex . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "POS-Marketing: Red Bull launcht mobilen Popup-Store für Fashion" (https://wuv.de/marketing/red_bull_launcht_mobilen_popup_store_fuer_fashion) . Werben & Verkaufen (in German). 2019-07-16 . Retrieved 2022-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Schoeller, Telekom and AlphaTauri launch Heatable Capsule Collection" (https://www.innovationintextiles.com/editors-viewpoint/) . www.innovationintextiles.com . Retrieved 2022-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sponsor (2018-07-03). "#FashionTech-Vortrag von Alphatauri: Wie catcht man Gen Z?" (https://fashionunited.de/nachrichten/mode/fashiontech-vortrag-von-alphatauri-wie-catcht-man-gen-z/2018070325839) . FashionUnited (in German) . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "#FASHIONTECH Januar 2018" (https://fashionweek.berlin/blog/single-news/fashiontech-januar-2018-experten-diskutieren-ueber-die-digitalisierung-der-modebranche.html) . fashionweek.berlin (in German) . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "AlphaTauri 3D-Knit Lab at KaDeWe in Berlin - Salon Prive Mag" (https://www.salonprivemag.com/alphatauri-3d-knit-lab-at-kadewe-in-berlin/) . 2019-04-26 . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Eine neue Ära hat begonnen – FASHIONTODAY" (https://www.fashiontoday.de/2018/09/eine-neue-aera-hat-begonnen/) (in German) . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-TAUREX_9-0) "TAUREX" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200611052335/https://alphatauri.com/en-de/c/women-taurex/) . Archived from the original (https://alphatauri.com/en-de/c/women-taurex/) on 2020-06-11 . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-HUNGER_WANTS:_ALPHATAURI’S_WOMEN_KAAV_TAUREX®_TRENCH_COAT_10-0) "HUNGER WANTS: ALPHATAURI'S WOMEN KAAV TAUREX® TRENCH COAT" (https://www.hungertv.com/editorial/hunger-wants-alphatauris-women-kaav-taurex-trench-coat/) . 18 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-So_startet_die_Red_Bull-Marke_AlphaTauri_in_den_Herbst_11-0) "So startet die Red Bull-Marke AlphaTauri in den Herbst" (https://www.wuv.de/marketing/so_startet_die_red_bull_marke_alphatauri_in_den_herbst) . ^ (#cite_ref-schoeller_12-0) "schoeller" (https://www.schoeller-textiles.com/de/) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Echt unglaublich, aber wahr: Dieser Trenchcoat macht dich fit!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190424021826/https://www.instyle.de/fashion/alpha-tauri) . InStyle . 17 October 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.instyle.de/fashion/alpha-tauri) on 24 April 2019 . Retrieved 16 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mitchell, Scott (16 October 2019). "Toro Rosso's name change approved for 2020 Formula 1 season" (https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/146617/toro-rosso-name-change-for-2020-approved) . Autosport.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191016120054/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/146617/toro-rosso-name-change-for-2020-approved) from the original on 2019-10-16 . Retrieved 1 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Delaney, Michael (16 February 2020). "Marko upgrades AlphaTauri from junior to sister bull team" (https://f1i.com/news/367773-marko-upgrades-alphatauri-from-junior-to-sister-red-bull-team.html) . F1i.com . Retrieved 17 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Benson, Andrew (6 September 2020). "Pierre Gasly wins thrilling Italian Grand Prix after Lewis Hamilton penalty" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/54048534/) . BBC Sport . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Fryer, Jenna (24 January 2024). "Visa enters F1 with Red Bull, rebrands AlphaTauri with wordy new team name" (https://apnews.com/article/f1-red-bull-alphatauri-visa-name-9e46c363fb80be05747fe18b6f24a8f7) . AP News (/wiki/AP_News) . Retrieved 24 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "AlphaTauri becomes Official Premium Fashion Apparel Supplier of Formula 1" (https://corp.formula1.com/alphatauri-becomes-official-premium-fashion-apparel-supplier-of-formula-1/) . Formula 1 Media . 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Valantine, Henry (19 February 2024). "AlphaTauri returns to the paddock as new FIA partnership announced" (https://www.planetf1.com/news/alphatauri-fia-clothing-partnership-announced) . PlanetF1 . Retrieved 19 February 2024 . 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