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Athletic shoe company from France Hoka One One Industry Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Founder Nicolas Mermoud Jean-Luc Diard Headquarters Goleta, California (/wiki/Goleta,_California) Area served Worldwide Key people Stefano Caroti, President Steven Doolan, VP Gretchen Weimer, CMO Products Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) Revenue US$1.8 billion (2024) [1] (#cite_note-1) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Deckers Brands (/wiki/Deckers_Brands) Website hoka (https://hoka.com) .com (https://hoka.com) Hoka One One (stylized as HOKA ) is a sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) company that designs and markets running shoes (/wiki/Running_shoe) . It was founded in 2009 in Annecy, France (/wiki/Annecy) , and had been based in Richmond, California (/wiki/Richmond,_California) before it was acquired by Deckers Brands (/wiki/Deckers_Brands) in 2013. Hoka first gained attention in the running industry by producing shoes with oversized midsoles (/wiki/Midsole) , dubbed "maximalist" shoes, in contrast to the minimalist shoe (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) trend that was gaining popularity at the time. History [ edit ] Hoka One One Tennine The company was founded in 2009 by Nicolas Mermoud and Jean-Luc Diard, former Salomon (/wiki/Salomon_Group) employees. They sought to design a shoe that allowed for faster downhill running, and created a model with an oversized outsole that had more cushion than other running shoes at the time. [2] (#cite_note-SoleMan-2) The shoes are named after the Māori language (/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language) phrase meaning "to fly". [3] (#cite_note-Outside-3) The shoes were initially embraced by ultramarathon (/wiki/Ultramarathon) runners due to their enhanced cushion and inherent stability; however, they quickly gained popularity among other runners for offering maximum cushion and minimal weight. The brand's original, highest-cushion models [4] (#cite_note-4) are now accompanied in the Hoka lineup by lighter-weight shoes that retain much of the brand's cushion, [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) lightweight training [7] (#cite_note-7) and racing shoes, [8] (#cite_note-8) and track spikes. [9] (#cite_note-9) Hoka was purchased on April 1, 2013 by Deckers Brands (/wiki/Deckers_Brands) , the parent company for UGG (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) , Teva (/wiki/Teva_sandals) and other footwear brands. [2] (#cite_note-SoleMan-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) Products and sponsorships [ edit ] Hoka produces both low-profile and max-cushion shoes for road, trail, and all-terrain; throughout its product line, Hoka shoes retain features like a low weight-to-cushion ratio and midsole and outsole geometry designed to promote inherent stability and an efficient stride. [11] (#cite_note-11) The company sponsors a variety of professional runners; its first athletes were primarily trail-ultra runners, but their roster has expanded to include several track & field, triathlon, and road-running athletes. Hoka also has long-term sponsorship deals with the professional training groups HOKA Northern Arizona (NAZ) Elite, based in Flagstaff, Arizona (/wiki/Flagstaff,_Arizona) ; [12] (#cite_note-12) and the California-based HOKA Aggies Running Club. [13] (#cite_note-13) Hoka is also the former sponsor of the New Jersey New York Track Club. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2023, Hoka partnered with Runna, a running coach app. [15] (#cite_note-15) Hoka partnered with The Mesa Marathon for the 2024 marathon. [16] (#cite_note-16) As of June 2024, Hoka sponsors the following track and road runners: [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Luis Grijalva (/wiki/Luis_Grijalva) Aliphine Tuliamuk (/wiki/Aliphine_Tuliamuk) (NAZ Elite) Hillary Bor (/wiki/Hillary_Bor) Laura Galvan Rodriguez Futsum Zeinsellassie (/wiki/Futsum_Zienasellassie) (NAZ Elite) Narve Nordas Abby Nichols (NAZ Elite) Adelle Tracey (/wiki/Adelle_Tracey) Adriaan Wildschutt (/wiki/Adriaan_Wildschutt) (NAZ Elite) Ahmed Muhumed (NAZ Elite) Alex Masai (NAZ Elite) Alice Wright (/wiki/Alice_Wright) (NAZ Elite) Amy Cashin (/wiki/Amy_Cashin) Bravin Kiprop Carla Molinaro Cruz Culpepper Duncan Perrillat Efrem Gidey (/wiki/Efrem_Gidey) Giovanna Epis (/wiki/Giovanna_Epis) Jessica Warner-Judd (/wiki/Jessica_Warner-Judd) Jesus Tonatiu Lopez (/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Tonati%C3%BA_L%C3%B3pez) Katie Wasserman (NAZ Elite) Kellyn Taylor (/wiki/Kellyn_Taylor) (NAZ Elite) Khahisa Mhlanga Krissy Gear (/wiki/Krissy_Gear) (NAZ Elite) Lauren Hagans (NAZ Elite) Matea Kostro Matt Baxter (/wiki/Matt_Baxter) (NAZ Elite) Mercy Chelangat (NAZ Elite) Nick Hauger (NAZ Elite) Olin Hacker (/wiki/Olin_Hacker) (NAZ Elite) Ossama Meslek (/wiki/Ossama_Meslek) Paige Wood (NAZ Elite) Rachel Smith (/wiki/Rachel_Schneider) Samwel Mailu (/wiki/Samwel_Mailu) Silke Jonkman Simon Bedard (/wiki/Simon_B%C3%A9dard) Steph Bruce (/wiki/Stephanie_Bruce) (NAZ Elite) Steph Twell (/wiki/Stephanie_Twell) Tyler Day (NAZ Elite) Wesley Kiptoo (NAZ Elite) Hoka also sponsors numerous trail and triathlon athletes. See also [ edit ] Business portal (/wiki/Portal:Business) California portal (/wiki/Portal:California) Speedgoat (/wiki/Speedgoat) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Deckers Brands Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Results" (https://ir.deckers.com/news-events/press-releases/press-release/2024/DECKERS-BRANDS-REPORTS-FOURTH-QUARTER-AND-FULL-FISCAL-YEAR-2024-FINANCIAL-RESULTS/default.aspx) . Deckers Brands. May 23, 2024 . Retrieved 2024-06-29 . ^ a b Metzler, Brian (2013-04-02). "Sole Man: The Story Behind Hoka Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220120110042/https://www.podiumrunner.com/gear/sole-man-hoka-is-in-for-the-long-haul/) . PodiumRunner . Archived from the original (https://www.podiumrunner.com/gear/sole-man-hoka-is-in-for-the-long-haul/) on 2022-01-20 . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-Outside_3-0) Megroz, Gordy (December 3, 2013). "The Clown Shoe That's Changing Minimalist Running" (http://www.outsideonline.com/1869931/clown-shoe-thats-changing-minimalist-running) . Outside . Retrieved 2014-12-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Van Geelen, Jeroen (December 16, 2013). "Stinson versus Bondi" (http://www.slowtwitch.com/Products/Running_Footwear_by_brand/Hoka_One_One/Stinson_versus_Bondi_4090.html) . Slowtwitch . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Metzler, Brian (August 5, 2014). "Shoe Of The Week: HOKA ONE ONE Clifton" (https://running.competitor.com/2014/08/shoes-and-gear/shoe-week-hoka-one-one-clifton_110117) . Competitor . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Metzler, Brian (February 24, 2015). "2015 Trail Shoe of the Year: HOKA ONE ONE Challenger ATR" (https://running.competitor.com/2015/02/shoes-and-gear/2015-trail-shoe-year-hoka-one-one-challenger-atr_123344) . Competitor . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Helms, Hayley (2022-04-15). "Trail Runners, Rejoice: Hoka Just Updated Its Most Popular Trail Shoe" (https://www.gearpatrol.com/outdoors/a39650176/hoka-speedgoat-5/) . Gear Patrol . Retrieved 2022-05-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Walker, Daniel (May 3, 2017). "HOKA ONE ONE Tracer Reviewed" (http://triathlonmagazine.ca/feature/hoka-one-one-tracer-reviewed/) . Triathlon . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Beverly, Jonathan (February 15, 2017). "HOKA Is Trying to Reinvent the Track Spike" (https://www.outsideonline.com/2101006/running-spike-just-got-totally-reinvented) . Outside . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Verry, Peter (May 24, 2016). "How HOKA ONE ONE is Finding Its Stride" (http://footwearnews.com/2016/focus/athletic-outdoor/hoka-one-one-expanding-deckers-brands-223877/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2017-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Hokas Are Everywhere. But Are They the Right Running Shoe for You?" (https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/are-hokas-the-right-running-shoes-for-you/) . The New York Times . 2023-04-14. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "HOKA ONE ONE NAZ Elite" (https://www.nazelite.com/) . Retrieved 2017-05-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "HOKA ONE ONE Athletes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160121031054/http://www.hokaoneone.com/athletes.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.hokaoneone.com/athletes.html) on 2016-01-21 . Retrieved 2016-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "New Jersey-New York Track Club in Flux As HOKA's Sponsorship Ends" (https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a34838659/new-jersey-new-york-track-club-in-flux-as-hoka-sponsorship-ends/) . Runner's World . 2020-12-02 . Retrieved 2022-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gary (2023-04-11). "HOKA and Runna in three-year partnership" (https://endurance.biz/2023/industry-news/hoka-and-runna-in-three-year-partnership/) . endurance.biz . Retrieved 2024-01-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Biddinger, Austri (2023-11-01). "The Mesa Marathon Announces New Partnership with HOKA" (https://www.endurancesportswire.com/the-mesa-marathon-announces-new-partnership-with-hoka/) . Endurance Sportswire . Retrieved 2024-01-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "This is Team Hoka" (https://www.hoka.com/en/us/hoka-athletes/) . Retrieved 2024-06-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Athletes" (https://nazelite.com/athletes/) . HOKA NAZ Elite . Retrieved 2024-06-24 . v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. 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Irish model This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( February 2021 ) Eileen O'Donnell O'Donnell in 2020 Born Eileen Mary O'Donnell ( 1993-07-01 ) 1 July 1993 (age 31) Derry (/wiki/Derry) , Northern Ireland Education Ulster University (/wiki/Ulster_University) ( BSc (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science) ) Occupation Model Height 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Bikini Ireland 2017 Miss Earth Ireland 2020 Agency VAVA influence [1] (#cite_note-1) Years active 2011–present Hair color Dark brown (/wiki/Brown_hair) Eye color Green (/wiki/Eye_color#Green) Major competition(s) Miss Bikini Ireland 2017 (Winner) Miss Earth Ireland 2020 (Winner) Miss Earth 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) (Unplaced) Website Official website (http://www.eileenodonnell.com/) Eileen Mary O'Donnell (born 1 July 1993), known professionally as Eileen O'Donnell , is a Northern Irish model and beauty pageant titleholder. [2] (#cite_note-2) O'Donnell started her career in 2011 and has since modelled in the categories of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , skincare (/wiki/Skin_care) and swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) . She has gone on to collaborate with numerous notable brands including Pretty Little Thing (/wiki/PrettyLittleThing.com) , GymKing, MVMT Watches (/wiki/MVMT_Watches) , The Couture Club, Ziaja (/wiki/Ziaja) Skincare, Benefit Cosmetics (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) , amongst others. Since 2016, she has represented Ireland in a number of international competitions and pageantries. She won the title of Miss Bikini Ireland in 2017 and participated in the Swimsuit USA International Model Search in 2018. [3] (#cite_note-auto5-3) She was crowned Miss Earth Ireland 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) . [4] (#cite_note-missearth-4) Early life and education [ edit ] O'Donnell was born in 1993 and raised in Derry (/wiki/Derry) , the second-largest city in Northern Ireland (/wiki/Northern_Ireland) for the entirety of her childhood. [ citation needed ] In 2002 at the age of 9, she took part in a cross-community project that enabled her to experience life in the United States for 6 weeks. [4] (#cite_note-missearth-4) Modelling and pageantry career [ edit ] In 2016 O'Donnell expressed her interest in participating in the 5th annual Miss Bikini (/wiki/Miss_Bikini) Ireland competition in which she finished in 3rd place. [5] (#cite_note-derry-5) She entered again in the following year for the 6th annual competition. [6] (#cite_note-6) After entering Miss Bikini Ireland 2017, O'Donnell was crowned the winner, picking up a €15,000 reward and an all-expenses-paid trip to the world finals of Swimsuit USA (SUSA) International for the chance of winning a prize worth $80,000. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) After winning Miss Bikini Ireland 2017, O'Donnell qualified for competing in Swimsuit USA International Model 2017 in which she finished in the top 30 finalists. She re-qualified to represent Ireland in the following year. The competition was held in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) and 70 women from a total of 50 countries participated. [10] (#cite_note-10) [5] (#cite_note-derry-5) O'Donnell, placed 16 in the competition, however, states she was grateful for the opportunity as it opened up doors for her in her career. [11] (#cite_note-11) [3] (#cite_note-auto5-3) In 2020, she was chosen to participate in the 20th annual Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) competition and represent her home country of Ireland. [12] (#cite_note-derry2-12) The pageant was hosted by James Deakin (/wiki/James_Deakin_(host,_born_1972)) and telecast on TV5 (/wiki/TV5_(Philippine_TV_network)) and FOXlife (/wiki/FOXlife) , with a virtual tour of the world in the opening number and featured the delegates in their eco-angel and respective national costumes (/wiki/National_costume) . [13] (#cite_note-eton-missearth2020-13) She came third place for the category of swimsuit and was crowned the winner of Miss Earth Ireland 2020. As Miss Earth Ireland, O'Donnell campaigned to reduce waste in Ireland. [14] (#cite_note-evoke-14) Activism [ edit ] As the face of Miss Earth 2020, Eileen has campaigned for education as being a basic need for students from all around the world. [4] (#cite_note-missearth-4) O'Donnell also advocates on environmental issues, waste management specifically. She has used the word "WASTE" to be an acronym for "We All Should Treasure Earth" in her advocacy. [14] (#cite_note-evoke-14) Awards and positions [ edit ] Eileen O'Donnell award and positions Year Association Category Result 2016 Miss Bikini (/wiki/Miss_Bikini) Miss Bikini Ireland 3rd place 2017 Miss Bikini Won Swimsuit USA Miss Swimsuit International Model Search 30th place 2018 Swimsuit USA 16th place 2020 Miss Earth 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) Miss Earth Ireland [12] (#cite_note-derry2-12) Won References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashion & Beauty Talent | VAVA Influence" (https://vavainfluence.com/fashion-%26-beauty-talent) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Swimsuit USA Magazine-Issue 7 – Eileen O'Donnell Magazine - Get your Digital Subscription" (https://www.magzter.com/share/mag/19222/335547) . Magzter . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Local woman returns to Mexico for Swimsuit USA competition" (https://www.derryjournal.com/lifestyle/local-woman-returns-mexico-swimsuit-usa-competition-555141) . www.derryjournal.com . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Miss Earth Ireland 2020" (http://www.missearth.tv/miss-ireland.php) . www.missearth.tv . ^ Jump up to: a b "Eileen is ready to fly the flag for Ireland and Derry at Swimsuit USA finals" (https://www.derryjournal.com/news/eileen-ready-fly-flag-ireland-and-derry-swimsuit-usa-finals-722293) . www.derryjournal.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kilkenny entrants are being sought for Miss Bikini Ireland" (https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/life-style/317636/kilkenny-entrants-are-being-sought-for-miss-bikini-ireland.html) . www.kilkennypeople.ie . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mallon, Sandra. "PICS: Here are the finalists for Miss Bikini Ireland 2018" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200812043305/https://www.buzz.ie/news/pics-years-finalists-miss-bikini-ireland-302839) . Buzz.ie . Archived from the original (https://www.buzz.ie/news/pics-years-finalists-miss-bikini-ireland-302839) on 12 August 2020 . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Longford ladies urged to enter Miss Bikini Ireland model search" (https://www.longfordleader.ie/news/features/317184/longford-ladies-urged-to-enter-miss-bikini-ireland-model-search.html) . www.longfordleader.ie . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hiliuta, Ioan (17 March 2018). "Happy St Patrick's Day from Miss Bikini Ireland" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623122856/https://ondine.ie/happy-st-patricks-day-from-miss-bikini-ireland/) . Archived from the original (https://ondine.ie/happy-st-patricks-day-from-miss-bikini-ireland/) on 23 June 2021 . Retrieved 23 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lisa impresses at swimwear contest" (https://www.independent.ie/regionals/braypeople/news/lisa-impresses-at-swimwear-contest-36422066.html) . independent . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lisburn model Jordan Humphries on her trip to take part in Miss Swimsuit USA" (https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/lisburn-model-jordan-humphries-on-her-trip-to-take-part-in-miss-swimsuit-usa-37486378.html) – via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk. ^ Jump up to: a b "Derry's Eileen excited for Miss Earth pageant" (https://www.derryjournal.com/news/environment/derrys-eileen-excited-miss-earth-pageant-3045293) . www.derryjournal.com . ^ (#cite_ref-eton-missearth2020_13-0) Concepcion, Eton B. (30 November 2020). "US bet crowned Miss Earth 2020" (https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/340811) . Manila Standard (/wiki/Manila_Standard) . Retrieved 27 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Moran, Fionnuala (29 November 2020). "Ireland has a Miss Earth and her mission is to make waste history" (https://evoke.ie/2020/11/29/showbiz/miss-earth-ireland-eileen-odonnell) . EVOKE.ie . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.eileenodonnell.com/) Eileen O'Donnell (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/5000/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) v t e Miss Earth 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2020) national titleholders Safira Rumimper (/wiki/Safira_Rumimper) Eileen O'Donnell Amara Shune Lei (/wiki/Amara_Shune_Lei) Areej Chaudhary (/wiki/Areej_Chaudhary) Roxie Baeyens (/wiki/Roxie_Smith) Gabriella Lomm Mann (/wiki/Gabriella_Lomm_Mann) Tia Alkerdi (/wiki/Tia_Alkerdi) Teeyapar Sretsirisuvarna (/wiki/Teeyapar_Sretsirisuvarna) Lindsey Coffey (/wiki/Lindsey_Coffey) Stephany Zreik (/wiki/Stephany_Zreik) Miss Earth delegates of 01 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2001_delegates) 02 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2002_delegates) 03 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2003_delegates) 04 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2004_delegates) 05 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2005_delegates) 06 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2006_delegates) 07 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2007_delegates) 08 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2008_delegates) 09 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2009_delegates) 10 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2010_delegates) 11 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2011_delegates) 12 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2012_delegates) 13 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2013_delegates) 14 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2014_delegates) 15 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2015_delegates) 16 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2016_delegates) 17 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2017_delegates) 18 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2018_delegates) 19 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2019_delegates) 20 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2020_delegates) 21 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2021_delegates) 22 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2022_delegates) 23 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2023_delegates) 24 (/wiki/Template:Miss_Earth_2024_delegates) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐bdcc7b545‐vvh7s Cached time: 20240715141920 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.487 seconds Real time usage: 0.689 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4427/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65001/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8992/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 66768/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10478714/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 621.001 1 -total 27.15% 168.594 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 21.60% 134.110 1 Template:Reflist 20.57% 127.719 1 Template:Miss_Earth_2020_delegates 20.11% 124.886 1 Template:Navbox 17.10% 106.180 13 Template:Cite_web 12.37% 76.787 1 Template:Short_description 8.07% 50.132 1 Template:Undisclosed_paid 7.45% 46.241 10 Template:Flagicon 7.18% 44.607 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65883609-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715141920 and revision id 1228161140. 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Fashion collection by Alexander McQueen Two dresses from The Girl Who Lived in the Tree: background on the left, Look 27, and foreground Look 35, from the Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) exhibition, 2015 staging The Girl Who Lived in the Tree is the thirty-second collection by British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , made for the Autumn/Winter 2008 season of his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . The primary inspirations were British culture (/wiki/British_culture) and national symbols (/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man) , particularly the British monarchy (/wiki/British_monarchy) , as well as the clothing of India (/wiki/Clothing_of_India) during the British Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) . The collection was presented through the narrative of a fairy tale (/wiki/Fairy_tale) about a feral girl (/wiki/Feral_child) who lived in a tree before falling in love with a prince and descending to become a princess. The collection's runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) was staged on 29 February 2008 at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy (/wiki/Palais_Omnisports_de_Paris-Bercy) in Paris. The round stage was dressed in black with a black backdrop, with a large artificial tree in the centre wrapped in dark grey silk; it was inspired by the artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude (/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude) , who were known for wrapping buildings and landmarks in fabric. The presentation was divided into two phases to represent the girl's story; forty-two looks were presented in total, with twenty-three in the first half and nineteen in the second. In the first phase, the ensembles were all in black and white, with most looks having a slim, tailored silhouette. The clothing from the second half was richly coloured, with luxurious materials and embellishments, representing the girl's transformation into a princess. Critical response to The Girl Who Lived in the Tree was positive, and in retrospect it is regarded as one of McQueen's best collections. Academics have analysed its inspiration and styling through various lenses. The peacock headpiece by Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) and a dress with lace peacocks attracted particular critical attention and further analysis. Garments from the collection are held by various museums and have appeared in exhibitions such as the McQueen retrospective Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) . The 2015 semi-biographical play McQueen incorporates ideas from the collection's narrative. Background [ edit ] British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs, and dramatic fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . [1] (#cite_note-:17-1) [2] (#cite_note-:18-2) During his nearly twenty-year career, he explored a broad range of ideas and themes, including historicism (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) , romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) , femininity, sexuality, and death. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14-3) [1] (#cite_note-:17-1) [2] (#cite_note-:18-2) He began as an apprentice on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , earning a reputation as an expert tailor, before briefly working at theatrical costume supplier Berman's & Nathan's (/wiki/Berman%27s_%26_Nathan%27s) in 1989. [4] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-4) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodwick2015247-5) In 1990, McQueen enrolled in the master's (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) -level course in fashion design at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) (CSM), a London art school, where he was mentored by course founder Bobby Hillson (/wiki/Bobby_Hillson) . [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201570-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv–xvi,_24–25,_27-7) [8] (#cite_note-vogue-8) He graduated with his master's degree in fashion design in 1992. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) I learned a lot from her death [...] I learned a lot about myself. [I learned] that life is worth living. Because I'm just fighting against it, fighting against the establishment. She loved fashion, and I love fashion, and I was just in denial. McQueen, reflecting on the death of Issie Blow, interviewed in W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , June 2008 [10] (#cite_note-Hail-10) McQueen's graduation collection, Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) , was bought in its entirety by magazine editor Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) , who became another mentor and his muse. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Their relationship was turbulent, and they had been estranged when Blow committed suicide in May 2007. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015307–308-13) McQueen was devastated by her death. For his next collection, McQueen worked closely with Irish milliner Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) , one of his longtime collaborators and another of Blow's protégés. The collection, La Dame Bleue (/w/index.php?title=La_Dame_Bleue&action=edit&redlink=1) (Spring/Summer 2008), was dedicated to Blow's memory. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015310–311-14) Afterward, McQueen travelled to India for a month with his friend and collaborator Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) . He later described the trip as a "pilgrimage" during which he had worked through his grief by absorbing Buddhist spiritual teachings (/wiki/Buddhism) and culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism) . [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010245–246-15) [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012249-16) McQueen was devoted to his Scottish heritage, but also felt a strong connection to England, especially London, where he had grown up. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201114-17) He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) by Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) in 2003. [18] (#cite_note-18) Although he had previously been vocally critical of the British monarchy (/wiki/British_monarchy) , and was reluctant to accept the award, he later said that meeting the queen had been "like falling in love". [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015331-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Concept and collection [ edit ] Formal portrait of the young Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , 1959 Woman in red sari (/wiki/Sari) and gold jewellery Peacock (/wiki/Peacock) flaring his feathers Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) , embellished slippers similar to ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flats) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (Autumn/Winter 2008) is the thirty-second collection McQueen made for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . The collection was presented through the narrative of a fairy tale (/wiki/Fairy_tale) about a feral girl (/wiki/Feral_child) who lived in a tree before falling in love with a prince and descending to become a princess. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) According to McQueen, this story was inspired by an ancient elm tree (/wiki/Elm_tree) in the garden of his country home in Farleigh (/wiki/Farleigh,_Surrey) , England, and the girl represented Queen Elizabeth II as a young woman. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) McQueen's biographer Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) said "it seems he had truly fallen in love" with the Queen. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) Author Judith Watt felt that the fairy tale story reflected McQueen's romantic innocence and "stemmed back to childhood days". [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012249-16) Although it was one of his most nationalist (/wiki/Nationalism) collections, journalist Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) felt it contained elements of "irony and pastiche", and McQueen joked that he had picked the royal theme for selfish reasons: "I thought, I'll do this thing on the Queen, and I'll get the knighthood. I'll become Sir Alexander McQueen." [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201114-17) The visual aesthetic of the collection was inspired by British culture (/wiki/British_culture) and national symbols (/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man) , particularly the British monarchy (/wiki/British_monarchy) , as well as the clothing of India (/wiki/Clothing_of_India) during the British Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) . [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) McQueen cited the Duke of Wellington (/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington) in the show notes, and there were military influences in the form of tailcoats (/wiki/Tailcoat) and decorative frogging (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) . [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) He also drew heavily on the clothing he had seen in India with Leane, incorporating lush embroidery, jewelled headdresses, jutti (/wiki/Jutti) (slippers resembling ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) ), and the printed silk fabric used for saris (/wiki/Sari) . [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) Primary fabrics included brocade (/wiki/Brocade) , duchesse satin (/wiki/Duchesse) , silk (/wiki/Silk) , and velvet (/wiki/Velvet) . [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [25] (#cite_note-:2-25) Real semiprecious stones (/wiki/Semiprecious_stones) were used for embroidery and embellishment. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) The collection was unusually feminine compared to McQueen's usual work, which typically had a harder edge. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer2023111-26) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201094-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox20169–10-28) The designs were divided into two broad phases, which followed the girl's journey out of the tree. [a] (#cite_note-30) The clothes from the first half represented the girl's feral state, taking inspiration from punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) to create a style which McQueen called "punk princess". [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016262-31) These looks were entirely black and white, with a slim silhouette accentuated by a cinched waistline. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) McQueen largely confined his ever-present tailored (/wiki/Tailoring) garments to this half of the show, although dresses and flounced ballerina skirts (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) also featured here. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012180-32) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) Decorative embellishments in this phase included leather, crystals, lace, and silver printing. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016262-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) Grey-based tartan (/wiki/Tartan) referenced McQueen's Scottish heritage. [33] (#cite_note-:8-34) The clothing from the second half was richly coloured, with luxurious materials and embellishments, representing the girl's transformation into a princess. [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) The military elements were echoed here with regimental-style jackets and gold frogging. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) The skirts of the later dresses were exaggerated with crinolines (/wiki/Crinoline) , referencing the haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) gowns Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) and Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) each designed for Elizabeth II in her youth. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer2023111-26) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012183-35) Footwear in this phase was similar to heavily-beaded shoes designed by Roger Vivier (/wiki/Roger_Vivier) for Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) in the 1950s. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPersson2015111-36) Imagery of birds, wings, and feathers were a recurring theme in McQueen's work. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201511-37) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201615-38) In The Girl Who Lived in the Tree he focused on the peacock (/wiki/Peacock) , India's national bird (/wiki/National_bird) , which is culturally associated with beauty, grace, and love. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012181-39) He asked Irish milliner Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) to create a peacock headpiece for the collection; as usual his creative brief (/wiki/Creative_brief) was simple and gave wide latitude for interpretation. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) [39] (#cite_note-:4-40) Treacy used driftwood (/wiki/Driftwood) to build the bird's body and sea fan (/wiki/Alcyonacea) coral for its tail; he recalled McQueen being "speechless" when he saw it. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) Runway show [ edit ] Look 23 as shown on the runway Look 29 as shown on the runway Production details [ edit ] The runway show was staged on the evening of 29 February 2008 at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy (/wiki/Palais_Omnisports_de_Paris-Bercy) in Paris. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016346-41) It was the final show of the day. [41] (#cite_note-:10-42) The invitation card featured an etching of a tree on gold-coloured paper on the outside, and on the inside, an image of a girl whose hair was mixed with tree branches. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) McQueen personally invited Bobby Hillson to the show as a gesture of gratitude for her mentorship. [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345–346-43) On the same day of the show, McQueen announced that his label was finally making a profit. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015315-44) Tabitha Simmons (/wiki/Tabitha_Simmons) took care of overall styling, Paul Hanlon handled hair, and Peter Philips styled make-up. Gainsbury & Whiting were responsible for production. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016346-41) Joseph Bennett, who had designed all of McQueen's runways since No. 13 (Spring/Summer 1999), returned for set design (/wiki/Set_design) . [44] (#cite_note-45) [45] (#cite_note-46) The soundtrack opened with orchestral versions of the Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) songs " Come as You Are (/wiki/Come_as_You_Are_(Nirvana_song)) " and " Smells Like Teen Spirit (/wiki/Smells_Like_Teen_Spirit) ". [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) The second phase transitioned into classical music by Joseph Haydn (/wiki/Joseph_Haydn) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart) . [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) Catwalk presentation [ edit ] The round stage was dressed in black with a black backdrop, with a large artificial tree in the centre wrapped in dark grey silk, which McQueen said was "for a feeling of protection". [10] (#cite_note-Hail-10) [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) The fabric extended from the base of the tree to cover the entire stage. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) The wrapping was inspired by the artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude (/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude) , who were known for wrapping buildings and landmarks in fabric for their large-scale, site-specific (/wiki/Site-specific_art) art installations. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [46] (#cite_note-47) Forty-two looks were presented in two phases. Looks 1 to 23 were entirely black and white, representing the girl in her feral state. [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) During this phase, the tree in the centre was illuminated blue. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012181-39) Models' hair was aggressively backcombed (/wiki/Backcombing) and puffed out sideways from their heads, and their eyebrows were dark and strongly defined. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012249-16) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) Otherwise, make-up used a nude palette. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-48) Dresses tended toward what Thomas called a "Victorian gothic" look. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) There were several tailored ensembles featuring frock coats and trousers, which author Judith Watt found reminiscent of dandies (/wiki/Dandy) from the British Regency era (/wiki/Regency_era) . [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012180-32) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) The dark aesthetic reminded author Katherine Gleason of the main character in the 1991 film Edward Scissorhands (/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands) . [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012179-24) Following Look 23, the lights went down, except on the tree. The stage was briefly empty while the lighting on the tree transitioned to yellow, indicating the start of the second phase. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012181-39) Looks 24 to 42 were richly coloured, with luxurious materials and embellishments, representing the girl's transition into royalty. [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) Silhouettes here resembled the 1950s New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(style_of_clothing)) , with tight waists and exaggerated skirts. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012184-49) Models were styled with antique gem-encrusted necklaces, headpieces, and earrings lent by the New York branch of The Gem Palace of Jaipur (/wiki/Jaipur) , India, a long-standing high-end jewellery atelier (/wiki/Atelier) . [49] (#cite_note-50) [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015391-51) [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012182-52) The shoes in this phase were embellished ballet flats, an unusual style for a high fashion runway show. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) [52] (#cite_note-:16-53) The hair and make-up were more elegant, although with a slight "punk" edge – chignons (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) were placed at the top of the head rather than the nape of the neck, and had hair sticking out at the top, for example. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015319-11) [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012182-52) Gold-toned eyeshadow and highlighter matched the decadence of the jewellery and clothing. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-48) Notable ensembles [ edit ] Look 10 was a black dress styled with Treacy's peacock headpiece. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) Look 20, sometimes referred to as the "snowflake dress," was a black mid-length dress with ballerina skirt, fitted with an overlay of black leather laser-cut into snowflakes, set on a background of white silk. [53] (#cite_note-:6-54) [54] (#cite_note-:14-55) Look 22 was a full-skirted dress in black with a white print of a tree. Look 23, the "peacock dress," was similarly full-skirted, in white with a pair of black lace peacocks facing one another on the front and the back. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) Gleason felt their positioning indicated "courtship and romance". [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012181-39) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) wore Look 28, a cropped jacket and close-fitting bodysuit; she explained to interviewers that her masculine outfit represented the prince. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012183-35) Look 29 features a dress with a print of a young Queen Elizabeth II combined with the Union Jack (/wiki/Union_Jack) . [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) Looks 34 and 35 had full skirts covered in dyed feathers. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) The final ensemble, Look 42, comprised a red satin coat worn over a bejewelled gown in ivory silk, accessorised with an egg-shaped purse in red leather that McQueen termed the "Empire" bag. [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012184-49) [55] (#cite_note-:3-56) The bag was decorated with gilt, copper alloy, and Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) crystals, and may have been inspired by the jewelled Fabergé eggs (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg) made for the Russian imperial family (/wiki/Russian_imperial_family) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [55] (#cite_note-:3-56) Kristin Knox called the entire ensemble "one of the most iconic dresses" of the collection. [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201091-57) Reception [ edit ] Looks 27, 31, 33, and 34 as shown on the runway Critical response to The Girl Who Lived in the Tree was positive. Katherine Gleason reported that most critics saw the show as "a triumph". [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012184-49) It was the third-most-viewed collection on Style.com that season. [57] (#cite_note-58) Several reviewers found that the decadence and historicism of The Girl Who Lived in the Tree stood out in a relatively sedate and minimalist Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [60] (#cite_note-61) Cathy Horyn (/wiki/Cathy_Horyn) for The New York Times and Derick Chetty at the Toronto Star each felt the show was a complete success, artistically. [33] (#cite_note-:8-34) [61] (#cite_note-:12-62) Many critics felt that the clothing was both beautiful and commercially viable. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [41] (#cite_note-:10-42) [61] (#cite_note-:12-62) Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) for International Herald Tribune disagreed with this consensus, saying there was little wearable (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wearable) clothing in the collection, but felt everything was so attractive that "it hardly seemed relevant". [62] (#cite_note-63) Jeanne Beker (/wiki/Jeanne_Beker) of The National Post (/wiki/The_National_Post) and Joelle Diderich identified the peacock dress as a favourite. [54] (#cite_note-:14-55) [63] (#cite_note-64) Several reviewers compared the collection positively to McQueen's previous work, even calling it his best. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [64] (#cite_note-:15-65) Lisa Armstrong (/wiki/Lisa_Armstrong_(writer)) of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) and Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) favourably noted the absence of McQueen's usual aggression; Givhan in particular was pleased that he had avoided personal clichés like face masks and extreme heels. [64] (#cite_note-:15-65) [65] (#cite_note-66) Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) wrote that the use of flats instead of heels had allowed the models to look "regal rather than rapacious". [52] (#cite_note-:16-53) Sarah Mower for Vogue felt McQueen had overcome his "confining, uptight carapace" to produce work that had a "new sense of lightness and femininity". [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) The staff writer at Women's Wear Daily concurred, writing that McQueen had "expressed in fashion a newfound sense of joy" with the collection. [66] (#cite_note-67) Frankel felt that the collection was aimed at a younger audience than McQueen's last few collections, which she saw as a positive: the intended wearer was "wild at heart and all the more powerful for it". [67] (#cite_note-68) Critics complimented McQueen's cutting and tailoring skills, particularly in the first phase. Horyn wrote that "McQueen approaches every cut, every detail and choice with the precision of a military campaign". [61] (#cite_note-:12-62) In her Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) review, Booth Moore cited "an amazing hourglass shaped jacket with slightly padded hips in black leather with the look of brocade" as an example of McQueen's tailoring ability. [68] (#cite_note-:13-69) Stephen Todd of The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) highlighted a pair of "trousers cut so tight they looked some kind of elegant instrument of torture". [69] (#cite_note-70) Writing in The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) , Deirdre McQuillan identified the silhouettes created by historicist corsetry as "a salute to empire". [70] (#cite_note-71) Many reviewers commented on the British Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) inspiration. Several highlighted the extravagant haute couture detailing in the second phase. [54] (#cite_note-:14-55) [58] (#cite_note-:11-59) [68] (#cite_note-:13-69) Armstrong called it " Jane Austen (/wiki/Jane_Austen) meets Raj" and favourably contrasted the historicist style with the modernist clothing other designers had produced that season. [58] (#cite_note-:11-59) Vanessa Friedman (/wiki/Vanessa_Friedman) of the Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) called it "fit for the Royal Ballet if the production was, say, The Queen Goes to India for the Last Days of the Raj". [71] (#cite_note-72) Horyn found herself impressed by McQueen's ability to communicate British history as "heroic, violent, [and] grand" without resorting to strictly historical clothing. [72] (#cite_note-73) Guy Trebay of The New York Times was more critical, calling the overall aesthetic "Raj Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) , a creature from a music-hall pantomime". [73] (#cite_note-:9-74) He criticised the use of corsetry, saying it hinted at a "control fetish". [73] (#cite_note-:9-74) In retrospect, the collection is largely regarded as one of McQueen's best. Watt wrote that this collection proved McQueen "could create magnificent couture at his London atelier." [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) Author Kristin Knox called it "of his most memorable collections of all time". [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201091-57) In 2015, curator Kate Bethune recalled it as "one of McQueen's most lyrical and beautiful collections". [25] (#cite_note-:2-25) Thomas wrote that it was a "breathtakingly beautiful collection" and compared it to the best work of the major post-World War II (/wiki/Post-World_War_II) designers Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , and Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) . [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015345-23) Another of his biographers, Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) , was more critical, calling it "highly artificial...a sweetened fairy-tale mix of the Raj and Royalty". [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015315-44) Analysis [ edit ] Look 10 with coral and driftwood headpiece by Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) Figurine of Daphne (/wiki/Daphne) , gold with coral, by Werner and Abraham Jamnitzer, 1570s Researcher Lisa Skogh noted that McQueen often incorporated concepts and objects which might have appeared in a cabinet of curiosities (/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities) – collections of natural and historical objects that were the precursor to modern museums (/wiki/Museum) . She identified the coral peacock headpiece as one such item, comparing it to a figurine of the nymph Daphne (/wiki/Daphne) from the 1570s in which Daphne's hair is represented by a large piece of coral. [74] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkogh2015179-75) [75] (#cite_note-76) The theatrical flair of McQueen's designs in The Girl Who Lived in the Tree may have been influenced by his time at costume supplier Berman's & Nathan's (/wiki/Berman%27s_%26_Nathan%27s) . [76] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodwick2015247–248-77) Costume curator Keith Lodwick argued that his work on productions including the long-running musical Les Misérables (/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)) was reflected in his tailored coats and jackets. He found the collection's waistcoats (/wiki/Waistcoat) and decorative gold frogging evocative of the "revolutionary atmosphere of Les Misérables ". [76] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodwick2015247–248-77) Dance curator Jane Pritchard suggested that McQueen had been primed to absorb influences from dance costuming, possibly unconsciously. She compared the collection's embellished designs and ballet skirts from to the costumes of the George Balanchine (/wiki/George_Balanchine) ballet Jewels . [77] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPritchard2015253-78) In an essay about McQueen's incorporation of Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fiction) elements into his work, literature professor Catherine Spooner observed that bodily transformation was a theme he often returned to, especially in his fairy tale narratives such as The Girl Who Lived in the Tree . She contrasted the girl's evolution to many of McQueen's transformed bodies, noting that the narrative in The Girl was a "sweeter version" compared to collections like The Hunger (Spring/Summer 1996) that evoked horror and disgust. [78] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015150–151-79) Writer Cassandra Atherton (/wiki/Cassandra_Atherton) described using several McQueen collections, including The Girl Who Lived in the Tree , in a university-level creative writing course to teach a connection between poetry and fashion, particularly how one can inspire the other. [79] (#cite_note-80) Legacy [ edit ] Look 42 as shown on the runway; the "Empire" bag is visible in the model's left hand Daphne Guinness was photographed in the red robe from Look 42 for the August 2008 issue of Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012250-33) She was also photographed wearing an ivory silk tulle empire waist (/wiki/Empire_waist) gown of her own collection for Harper's Bazaar UK (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar_UK) , a variant of one which had appeared on the runway in black as Look 7. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [80] (#cite_note-:7-81) Two dresses from the collection were photographed for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) : a greyscale tartan dresses from the first phase photographed by Venetia Scott (/wiki/Venetia_Scott) , and the red feathered dress from Look 35 photographed by Emma Summerton. [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201210,_132,_159-82) Actress Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) wore a copy of the peacock dress from Look 23 to the 2015 opening gala for the V&A staging of Savage Beauty . [82] (#cite_note-83) Playwright James Phillips (/wiki/James_Phillips_(playwright)) produced the 2015 semi-biographical play McQueen , which incorporates ideas from the narrative of The Girl Who Lived in the Tree. [83] (#cite_note-84) Women's Wear Daily felt that the Fall 2014 collection designed by Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) for the Alexander McQueen brand had a similar mood and narrative to The Girl Who Lived in the Tree , writing: "As in that triumphant tale, Burton's heroines journeyed from the shadows into the light". [84] (#cite_note-85) In 2010, Jany Temime (/wiki/Jany_Temime) , the costume designer for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1) , was accused of copying the peacock dress for a wedding dress which appears in the film. [85] (#cite_note-:5-86) [86] (#cite_note-87) Belinda White of The Telegraph called the Harry Potter dress "a blatant rip-off" and wrote that Temime had altered "the crest on the bird's heads to make them more 'phoenixy ' ", but had left the rest of the design with "rather obvious peacock feathers". [85] (#cite_note-:5-86) The Alexander McQueen brand did not comment on the accusations. [85] (#cite_note-:5-86) Ownership and exhibitions [ edit ] The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (the Met) owns copies of Look 7 and Look 25. [87] (#cite_note-88) [88] (#cite_note-89) The Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) in Los Angeles owns a commissioned copy of Look 23, the black and white peacock dress; it is one of only three that exist, including the brand's own archived copy. [89] (#cite_note-90) [90] (#cite_note-91) It has appeared in the exhibitions Modern Love ( Bendigo Art Gallery (/wiki/Bendigo_Art_Gallery) , 2013) and India and Beyond ( Phoenix Art Museum (/wiki/Phoenix_Art_Museum) , 2020). [91] (#cite_note-92) [92] (#cite_note-93) The National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) owns copies of Look 20, the snowflake dress; and Look 40. [93] (#cite_note-94) [94] (#cite_note-95) Their copy of the snowflake dress had been heavily altered and had large stains, necessitating extensive fabric restoration (/wiki/Fabric_restoration) to restore its original appearance. [53] (#cite_note-:6-54) McQueen's friend Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) auctioned part of her fashion archive in 2012, including the ivory tulle dress she had worn for Harper's Bazaar UK . [80] (#cite_note-:7-81) Pop star Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) purchased this item for £85,250 (US$133,075); it was the highest amount paid at auction for a McQueen at that time. [80] (#cite_note-:7-81) [95] (#cite_note-96) Fashion collector Jennifer Zuiker auctioned her McQueen collection in 2020, including one piece from The Girl Who Lived in the Tree . A black dress with neck ruffles, Look 5 on the runway, sold for a reported $3,500. [96] (#cite_note-97) [97] (#cite_note-98) A number of looks from The Girl Who Lived in the Tree appeared in Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) , a retrospective exhibition of McQueen's designs shown in 2011 at the Met and in 2015 at Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) (the V&A). [21] (#cite_note-:0-21) [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) They comprised a large portion of the exhibit's "Romantic Nationalism" section. Looks 24, 26, 27, 39, and 42 appeared in both. [98] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011233-99) Look 35, a red ballet dress, was added for the 2015 staging. [99] (#cite_note-100) Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse , an exhibition first staged at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) in 2022, featured Look 7 from the runway show as well as several items from the retail collection: a black minidress with a similar tree pattern to Look 22, a cream minidress with embroidery of birds and branches, and a black blouse. [22] (#cite_note-Vogue-22) [100] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202258,_61,_63,_144-101) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-30) Judith Watt divided the collection into three phases instead: the first nine looks representing the girl in her purely feral state, Looks 10 to 23 a transitional period after meeting the prince, and Looks 24 to 42 as the culmination of her transformation into princess. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012249–250-29) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210317231608/https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) from the original on 17 March 2021 . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ a b Mora, Juliana Luna; Berry, Jess (2 September 2022). "Creative Direction Succession in Luxury Fashion: The Illusion of Immortality at Chanel and Alexander McQueen" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039) . Luxury . 9 (2–3): 126, 128, 132. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2051-1817 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1817) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231124035643/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039) from the original on 24 November 2023 . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14_3-0) Frankel 2011 (#CITEREFFrankel2011) , pp. 13–14. ^ (#cite_ref-BBCSixWays_4-0) Vaidyanathan, Rajini (12 February 2010). "Six ways Alexander McQueen changed fashion" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) . BBC Magazine (/wiki/BBC_Magazine) . 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161011093911/http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/162995) from the original on 11 October 2016 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-89) "Alexander McQueen | Ensemble | British" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/838994) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240418031024/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/838994) from the original on 18 April 2024 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-90) "Evening dress – (https://fidmmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/90D38A74-CC5D-4C2B-983F-181426513676) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree collection" (https://fidmmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/90D38A74-CC5D-4C2B-983F-181426513676) . Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-91) "Alexander McQueen peacock dress" (https://fidmmuseum.org/2011/12/alexander-mcqueen-peacock-dress.html) . Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) . 1 December 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240609212115/https://fidmmuseum.org/2011/12/alexander-mcqueen-peacock-dress.html) from the original on 9 June 2024 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-92) "India and Beyond" (https://phxart.org/articles/india-beyond/) . Phoenix Art Museum (/wiki/Phoenix_Art_Museum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240609212115/https://phxart.org/articles/india-beyond/) from the original on 9 June 2024 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-93) "Flying first class: custom crating for Alexander McQueen's peacock dress" (https://fidmmuseum.org/2013/10/flying-first-class-custom-crating-for-alexander-mcqueens-peacock-dress.html) . Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) . 16 October 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240609212101/https://fidmmuseum.org/2013/10/flying-first-class-custom-crating-for-alexander-mcqueens-peacock-dress.html) from the original on 9 June 2024 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-94) "Look 20, dress" (http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/148357/) . National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240430163228/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/148357/) from the original on 30 April 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-95) "Look 40, dress" (http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/149353/) . National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240430163228/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/149353/) from the original on 30 April 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-96) Conti, Samantha (28 June 2012). "Lady Gaga sets world record for Alexander McQueen dress" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/lady-gaga-sets-world-record-for-mcqueen-dress-6014202/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240409052029/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/lady-gaga-sets-world-record-for-mcqueen-dress-6014202/) from the original on 9 April 2024 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-97) Yotka, Steff (25 August 2020). "A treasure trove of Alexander McQueen pieces will go up for auction this September" (https://www.vogue.com/article/alexander-mcqueen-auction-jennifer-zuiker-doyle) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220811125023/https://www.vogue.com/article/alexander-mcqueen-auction-jennifer-zuiker-doyle) from the original on 11 August 2022 . Retrieved 13 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-98) "Black dropped waist dress, (https://bid.doyle.com/m/lot-details/index/catalog/253/lot/72454?url=%2Fm%2Fview-auctions%2Fcatalog%2Fid%2F253%3Fpage%3D1%26view%3Dlist) The Girl Who Lived in a Tree , Autumn-Winter, 2008" (https://bid.doyle.com/m/lot-details/index/catalog/253/lot/72454?url=%2Fm%2Fview-auctions%2Fcatalog%2Fid%2F253%3Fpage%3D1%26view%3Dlist) . Doyle New York (/wiki/Doyle_New_York) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240609225209/https://bid.doyle.com/m/lot-details/index/catalog/253/lot/72454?url=%2Fm%2Fview-auctions%2Fcatalog%2Fid%2F253%3Fpage%3D1%26view%3Dlist) from the original on 9 June 2024 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2011233_99-0) Bolton 2011 (#CITEREFBolton2011) , p. 233. ^ (#cite_ref-100) "View" (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=103401652&site=eds-live&scope=site) . Selvedge (/wiki/Selvedge) . No. 63. March–April 2015. p. 90 . Retrieved 9 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202258,_61,_63,_144_101-0) Esguerra & Hansen 2022 (#CITEREFEsguerraHansen2022) , pp. 58, 61, 63, 144. Bibliography [ edit ] Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) (2011). Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty . New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58839-412-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 687693871 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/687693871) . Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . Introduction. In Bolton (2011) (#CITEREFBolton2011) , pp. 17–27. Callahan, Maureen (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) (2014). Champagne Supernovas: Kate Moss, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, and the '90s Renegades Who Remade Fashion . New York City: Touchstone Books (/wiki/Touchstone_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-4053-3 . Crowe, Lauren Goldstein (2010). Isabella Blow: A Life in Fashion . New York City: Thomas Dunne Books (/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4299-8538-3 . Esguerra, Clarissa M.; Hansen, Michaela (2022). Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse . New York City: Delmonico Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-63681-018-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1289986708 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1289986708) . Fairer, Robert (/wiki/Robert_Fairer) ; Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) (2016). Alexander McQueen: Unseen . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-22267-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 946216643 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946216643) . Fox, Chloe (2012). Vogue On: Alexander McQueen . Vogue on Designers. London: Quadrille Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1849491136 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 828766756 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828766756) . Gleason, Katherine (2012). Alexander McQueen: Evolution . New York City: Race Point Publishing (/wiki/Race_Point_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61058-837-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 783147416 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783147416) . Homer, Karen (2023). Little Book of Alexander McQueen: The Story of the Iconic Brand . London: Welbeck Publishing Group (/wiki/Welbeck_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-80279-270-6 . Knox, Kristin (2010). Alexander McQueen: Genius of a Generation . London: A&C Black (/wiki/A%26C_Black) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4081-3223-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 794296806 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794296806) . Thomas, Dana (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) (2015). Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York City: Penguin Publishing (/wiki/Penguin_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 951153602 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951153602) . Watt, Judith (2012). Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy . New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Wilcox, Claire, ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Miller, Janice. "Making-Up". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 234–241. Lodwick, Keith. "Coup de Théâtre". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 247–251. Persson, Helen. "Walking Out". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 110–115. Pritchard, Jane. "Dance". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 252–257. Skogh, Lisa. "Museum of the Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 178–188. Spooner, Catherine. "A Gothic Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 141–158. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1310585849 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310585849) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) . "Women's 2008" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101025084137/http://alexandermcqueen.com/int/en/corporate/archive2008.aspx) . Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . Archived from the original (http://www.alexandermcqueen.com/int/en/corporate/archive2008.aspx) on 25 October 2010 . Retrieved 6 November 2010 . Alexander McQueen | Women's Autumn/Winter 2008 | Runway Show on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fjczz Cached time: 20240720171155 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.239 seconds Real time usage: 1.441 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11002/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 207402/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11941/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 359488/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.759/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7205954/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1281.769 1 -total 35.52% 455.321 2 Template:Reflist 21.44% 274.749 94 Template:Sfn 16.42% 210.425 29 Template:Cite_web 9.86% 126.326 23 Template:Cite_news 8.62% 110.445 1 Template:Short_description 7.40% 94.810 104 Template:Main_other 6.56% 84.141 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 6.54% 83.819 2 Template:Navbox 5.59% 71.714 13 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76054807-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720171155 and revision id 1234558139. 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Wikimedia subject-area collaboration This WikiProject (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) is believed to be semi-active . Although activity is slower than it once was, anyone is welcome to participate in the project. Remove the |Semi-active parameter from this template if activity resumes or if this tag was changed in error. If almost no activity occurs in this WikiProject, consider replacing this tag with {{ WikiProject status (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_status) |Inactive}}. Guide to WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide) Directory of WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory) About us [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-About_us","replies":[]}} This project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) aims to expand Wikipedia's fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) coverage. If you would like to help, feel free to add yourself to the list of participants (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Participants) , or just look over the How you can help (#How_you_can_help) section below. Also of interest is the Fashion Portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) associated with this project. Articles covered by this WikiProject [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_covered_by_this_WikiProject","replies":[]}} Go here (/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Fashion_articles_by_quality) to view articles tagged with {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} , organized by importance and state of completeness. __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","replies":["h-1._Tag_and_assess_fashion_articles-How_you_can_help","h-2._Improve_our_most_important_articles-How_you_can_help","h-3._Other_tasks-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","h-4._Monitor_article_alerts-How_you_can_help","h-5._Monitor_article_changes-How_you_can_help"],"text":"How you can help","linkableTitle":"How you can help"} How you can help [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","replies":["h-1._Tag_and_assess_fashion_articles-How_you_can_help","h-2._Improve_our_most_important_articles-How_you_can_help","h-3._Other_tasks-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","h-4._Monitor_article_alerts-How_you_can_help","h-5._Monitor_article_changes-How_you_can_help"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mike_Schwartz-2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","timestamp":"2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","replies":["h-1._Tag_and_assess_fashion_articles-How_you_can_help","h-2._Improve_our_most_important_articles-How_you_can_help","h-3._Other_tasks-How_you_can_help-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","h-4._Monitor_article_alerts-How_you_can_help","h-5._Monitor_article_changes-How_you_can_help"],"text":"How you can help","linkableTitle":"How you can help"} 1. Tag and assess fashion articles [ edit ] If you see untagged fashion articles, add {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} to their talk pages. When you tag articles, it's best if you also assess them and rate their importance. See the template documentation for more information. We also need experienced editors to assess tagged articles that haven't been assessed yet--see Category:Unassessed fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) . 2. Improve our most important articles [ edit ] Find articles to improve in Category:Top-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Top-importance_fashion_articles) and Category:High-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:High-importance_fashion_articles) . Some of our top-importance articles are still at start/stub stage, which is quite sad! 3. Other tasks [ edit ] Either add to the list or check something off! Article requests: Main list of fashion article requests (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Arts_and_entertainment/Fashion) . Please add requests for individual articles to this list. Articles for the designers that are red-linked on Fall 2008 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2008_fashion_weeks) ; and all the red-linked Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) designers and Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) & Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) winners. Fix issues with articles in Category:Fashion articles needing attention (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_needing_attention) and Category:Fashion articles needing expert attention (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_needing_expert_attention) Upload requested photographs of fashion (/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_of_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) , clothing (/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_of_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) and cosmetics (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures/Society#Cosmetics) Create infoboxes for clothing companies, and editors (should include original designer/magazine, current designer/magazine, etc) Split designer and label articles. Oscar de la Renta -> Oscar de la Renta (designer), Oscar de la Renta (fashion label) Expand articles in Category:Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Translate History of clothing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation/History_of_clothing) from French (/wiki/French_(language)) Re-make the Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) article. Jackets are important, and this is really poor at the moment. We should remove some of the non-notable items on the list, at the very least contain the mess in a separate list article, write about jackets, and have a sorted list Improve 1945-1960 in fashion (/wiki/1945-1960_in_fashion) , 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) , 1970s in fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) , 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) , 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) , and 2000s in fashion (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) to be up to the quality of the other fashion history articles. Encourage editors who refer to 'current fashion' or similar to include a reference date. When such an entry is found, update it if needed with a reference date if such can be established. Can I suggest a merging of the articles Clothing in the Ragtime Era (/wiki/Clothing_in_the_Ragtime_Era) and, oh, 1910s in fashion (/wiki/1910s_in_fashion) or whichever is appropriate? The first article seems a bit thin and could probably do with being folded into something more comprehensive. Also, it was a complete orphan -- the link above is its first anywhere -- and I only chanced across it from a category. Artemis-Arethusa (/w/index.php?title=User:Artemis-Arethusa&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Artemis-Arethusa) ) 23:24, 1 July 2010 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion#c-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z-3._Other_tasks) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","author":"Artemis-Arethusa","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z-3._Other_tasks","replies":["c-Chickadee46-2016-05-18T00:50:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","c-Mike_Schwartz-2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z"]}} Improve the Dress (/wiki/Dress) article. Most of the sections contain photos only, and need text added. The article has only 1448 bytes of readable prose. (Compare the Good Article Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) , with 22 kB of readable prose.) Chickadee46 (/wiki/User:Chickadee46) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Chickadee46) ) 00:50, 18 May 2016 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion#c-Chickadee46-2016-05-18T00:50:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2016-05-18T00:50:00.000Z","author":"Chickadee46","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Chickadee46-2016-05-18T00:50:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Revert (or otherwise evaluate, and / or "deal with") the BOGUS edits done on Feb. 8 and 10, 2020 to the article Torrid_(clothing_retailer) (/wiki/Torrid_(clothing_retailer)) . They were all perpetrated by some IP editors (" 2601:249:1780:6000:cd5b:1b52:4dae:7da4 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:249:1780:6000:CD5B:1B52:4DAE:7DA4) " on Feb. 8, and " 2601:249:1780:6000:da8:9c8a:d399:79a8 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:249:1780:6000:DA8:9C8A:D399:79A8) " on Feb. 10) who have NEVER edited any other articles, and in fact have NEVER done any editing other than these (BOGUS looking) edits. I would revert them myself, but I am unfamilar with this article, and with this entire WikiProject (" Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion ") so ... I thought it would be best to -- at least -- ask [for some "advice"] here, first. Any comments would be appreciated. Mike Schwartz (/wiki/User:Mike_Schwartz) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mike_Schwartz) ) 16:06, 12 February 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion#c-Mike_Schwartz-2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z","author":"Mike Schwartz","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Mike_Schwartz-2020-02-12T16:06:00.000Z-Artemis-Arethusa-2010-07-01T23:24:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Click here to edit the list! (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/to_do&action=edit) 4. Monitor article alerts [ edit ] An alert is posted to this page (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Article_alerts) whenever an article tagged with the WP:FASHION banner is nominated or proposed for deletion, is up for review, or goes on the front page. Did you know 04 Jul 2024 – Queer manicure (/wiki/Queer_manicure) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Queer_manicure) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queer_manicure&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queer_manicure&action=history) ) was nominated for DYK by Orchastrattor (/wiki/User:Orchastrattor) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Orchastrattor) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Orchastrattor) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Queer_manicure) Articles for deletion 20 Jul 2024 – Didem (belly dancer) (/wiki/Didem_(belly_dancer)) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Didem_(belly_dancer)) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Didem_(belly_dancer)&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Didem_(belly_dancer)&action=history) ) was AfDed by فيصل (/wiki/User:%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Didem_(belly_dancer)) ( 3 participants ) 19 Jul 2024 – Matthew Gallagher (/wiki/Matthew_Gallagher) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Talk:Matthew_Gallagher&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Gallagher&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Gallagher&action=history) ) was AfDed by P1 (/wiki/User:P1) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:P1) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/P1) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Matthew_Gallagher) ( 1 participant ) 18 Jul 2024 – Ciesse Piumini (/wiki/Ciesse_Piumini) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Ciesse_Piumini) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciesse_Piumini&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciesse_Piumini&action=history) ) was AfDed by CresiaBilli (/wiki/User:CresiaBilli) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:CresiaBilli) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/CresiaBilli) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Ciesse_Piumini) ( 3 participants ) 17 Jul 2024 – Sta-Prest (/wiki/Sta-Prest) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Sta-Prest) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sta-Prest&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sta-Prest&action=history) ) was AfDed by DeputyBeagle (/wiki/User:DeputyBeagle) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:DeputyBeagle) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/DeputyBeagle) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sta-Prest) ( 1 participant ) 24 Jun 2024 – Isha Malviya (/wiki/Isha_Malviya) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Isha_Malviya) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isha_Malviya&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isha_Malviya&action=history) ) was AfDed by Editingmylove (/wiki/User:Editingmylove) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Editingmylove) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Editingmylove) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Isha_Malviya_(3rd_nomination)) ( 4 participants ) 14 Jul 2024 – Fashion of Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant&action=history) ) AfDed by Youknowwhoistheman (/wiki/User:Youknowwhoistheman) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Youknowwhoistheman) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Youknowwhoistheman) ) was closed as merge by Daniel (/wiki/User:Daniel) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Daniel) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Daniel) ) on 21 Jul 2024; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant) ( 6 participants ) 10 Jul 2024 – Estate jewelry (/w/index.php?title=Estate_jewelry&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Talk:Estate_jewelry&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estate_jewelry&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estate_jewelry&action=history) ) AfDed by WomenArtistUpdates (/wiki/User:WomenArtistUpdates) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:WomenArtistUpdates) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/WomenArtistUpdates) ) was closed as delete (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Estate_jewelry) by Liz (/wiki/User:Liz) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Liz) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Liz) ) on 17 Jul 2024; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Estate_jewelry) ( 8 participants ) 10 Jul 2024 – Maksud Agadjani (/w/index.php?title=Maksud_Agadjani&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Talk:Maksud_Agadjani&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maksud_Agadjani&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maksud_Agadjani&action=history) ) AfDed by SafariScribe (/wiki/User:SafariScribe) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:SafariScribe) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/SafariScribe) ) was closed as delete (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maksud_Agadjani) by Hey man im josh (/wiki/User:Hey_man_im_josh) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Hey_man_im_josh) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Hey_man_im_josh) ) on 17 Jul 2024; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Maksud_Agadjani) ( 6 participants ) 08 Jul 2024 – Bollywood Hungama Style Icons (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons&action=history) ) AfDed by CNMall41 (/wiki/User:CNMall41) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:CNMall41) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/CNMall41) ) was closed as redirect by The Herald (/wiki/User:The_Herald) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:The_Herald) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/The_Herald) ) on 15 Jul 2024; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons) ( 5 participants ) 08 Jul 2024 – Harlette (/wiki/Harlette) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Harlette) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harlette&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harlette&action=history) ) AfDed by Smartse (/wiki/User:Smartse) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Smartse) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Smartse) ) was closed as delete (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Harlette) by Liz (/wiki/User:Liz) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Liz) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Liz) ) on 15 Jul 2024; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Harlette) ( 7 participants ) Categories for discussion 11 Jul 2024 – Category:Cigarette holders (/w/index.php?title=Category:Cigarette_holders&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Category_talk:Cigarette_holders&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cigarette_holders&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cigarette_holders&action=history) ) CfDed by LaundryPizza03 (/wiki/User:LaundryPizza03) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:LaundryPizza03) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/LaundryPizza03) ) was closed ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2024_July_11#Category:Cigarette_holders) Redirects for discussion 18 Jul 2024 – Magic underwear (/wiki/Magic_underwear) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Talk:Magic_underwear&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magic_underwear&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magic_underwear&action=history) ) → Temple garment (/wiki/Temple_garment) was RfDed by LuxembourgLover (/wiki/User:LuxembourgLover) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:LuxembourgLover) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/LuxembourgLover) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_for_discussion/Log/2024_July_18#Magic_underwear) 18 Jul 2024 – Magical underwear (/wiki/Magical_underwear) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=Talk:Magical_underwear&action=edit&redlink=1) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magical_underwear&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magical_underwear&action=history) ) → Temple garment (/wiki/Temple_garment) was RfDed by LuxembourgLover (/wiki/User:LuxembourgLover) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:LuxembourgLover) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/LuxembourgLover) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_for_discussion/Log/2024_July_18#Magical_underwear) Good article nominees 05 Jul 2024 – Tiffany & Co. flagship store (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store&action=history) ) was GA nominated by Epicgenius (/wiki/User:Epicgenius) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Epicgenius) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Epicgenius) ) ; start discussion (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store/GA1&action=edit&preload=Template:GAN/preload&editintro=Template:GAN/editintro) 01 Jul 2024 – Nihilism (Alexander McQueen collection) (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=history) ) was GA nominated by Premeditated Chaos (/wiki/User:Premeditated_Chaos) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Premeditated_Chaos) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Premeditated_Chaos) ) ; start discussion (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)/GA1&action=edit&preload=Template:GAN/preload&editintro=Template:GAN/editintro) 09 Mar 2024 – Melania Trump (/wiki/Melania_Trump) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Melania_Trump) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melania_Trump&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melania_Trump&action=history) ) was GA nominated by Thebiguglyalien (/wiki/User:Thebiguglyalien) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Thebiguglyalien) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Thebiguglyalien) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Melania_Trump/GA1) Requests for comments 19 Jul 2024 – Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Kylie_Minogue) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kylie_Minogue&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kylie_Minogue&action=history) ) has an RfC by PHShanghai (/wiki/User:PHShanghai) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:PHShanghai) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/PHShanghai) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Kylie_Minogue#rfctag) Requested moves 22 Jul 2024 – Uniform (/wiki/Uniform) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Uniform) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform&action=history) ) is requested to be moved to List of types of uniforms (/w/index.php?title=List_of_types_of_uniforms&action=edit&redlink=1) by Mrfoogles (/wiki/User:Mrfoogles) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Mrfoogles) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Mrfoogles) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Uniform#Requested_move_22_July_2024) Articles to be merged 06 Mar 2024 – Tanning (leather) (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Tanning_(leather)) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanning_(leather)&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanning_(leather)&action=history) ) is proposed for merging to Leather production processes (/wiki/Leather_production_processes) by Oknazevad (/wiki/User:Oknazevad) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Oknazevad) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Oknazevad) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Leather_production_processes) 22 Feb 2024 – Lip stain (/wiki/Lip_stain) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Lip_stain) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lip_stain&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lip_stain&action=history) ) is proposed for merging to Lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) by Crunchydillpickle (/wiki/User:Crunchydillpickle) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Crunchydillpickle) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Crunchydillpickle) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Lipstick#Proposal_to_merge_lip_stain_into_the_lipstick_article) 03 Feb 2024 – Tangail saree (West Bengal) (/wiki/Tangail_saree_(West_Bengal)) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Tangail_saree_(West_Bengal)) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangail_saree_(West_Bengal)&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangail_saree_(West_Bengal)&action=history) ) is proposed for merging to Tangail Saree (/wiki/Tangail_Saree) by AlbeitPK (/wiki/User:AlbeitPK) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:AlbeitPK) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/AlbeitPK) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Tangail_Saree#Proposed_merge_of_Tangail_Saree_(West_Bengal)_with_Tangail_Saree) Articles to be split 14 Feb 2024 – Cross-dressing in film and television (/wiki/Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television&action=history) ) is proposed for splitting by Wracking (/wiki/User:Wracking) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Wracking) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wracking) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television#Split_proposal) 05 May 2023 – Counterfeit consumer good (/wiki/Counterfeit_consumer_good) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Counterfeit_consumer_good) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterfeit_consumer_good&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counterfeit_consumer_good&action=history) ) is proposed for splitting by Shivertimbers433 (/wiki/User:Shivertimbers433) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Shivertimbers433) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Shivertimbers433) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Counterfeit_consumer_good) 01 Mar 2023 – Beauty Without Cruelty (/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Beauty_Without_Cruelty) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_Without_Cruelty&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_Without_Cruelty&action=history) ) is proposed for splitting by Park3r (/wiki/User:Park3r) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Park3r) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Park3r) ) ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Beauty_Without_Cruelty) 20 Jul 2024 – Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) ( talk (/wiki/Talk:Michelle_Obama) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michelle_Obama&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michelle_Obama&action=history) ) proposed for splitting by Vinnylospo (/wiki/User:Vinnylospo) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Vinnylospo) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Vinnylospo) ) was closed ; see discussion (/wiki/Talk:Michelle_Obama) Articles for creation 11 Jul 2024 – Draft:Amadea Angela Aquino (/wiki/Draft:Amadea_Angela_Aquino) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Amadea_Angela_Aquino) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Amadea_Angela_Aquino&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Amadea_Angela_Aquino&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by Wyneep (/wiki/User:Wyneep) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Wyneep) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wyneep) ) 11 Jul 2024 – Draft:Ashish Gupta (/wiki/Draft:Ashish_Gupta) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Ashish_Gupta) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Ashish_Gupta&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Ashish_Gupta&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by Chaotic Enby (/wiki/User:Chaotic_Enby) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Chaotic_Enby) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Chaotic_Enby) ) 09 Jul 2024 – Draft:Element Isle (/wiki/Draft:Element_Isle) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Element_Isle) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Element_Isle&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Element_Isle&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by CaptainTavish (/wiki/User:CaptainTavish) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:CaptainTavish) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/CaptainTavish) ) 08 Jul 2024 – Draft:Bardot - Fashion Label (/wiki/Draft:Bardot_-_Fashion_Label) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Bardot_-_Fashion_Label) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Bardot_-_Fashion_Label&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Bardot_-_Fashion_Label&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by AAggarwal (/w/index.php?title=User:AAggarwal&action=edit&redlink=1) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:AAggarwal) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/AAggarwal) ) 23 Jun 2024 – Draft:Toju Foyeh (/wiki/Draft:Toju_Foyeh) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Toju_Foyeh) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Toju_Foyeh&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Toju_Foyeh&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by Segunaniman (/wiki/User:Segunaniman) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Segunaniman) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Segunaniman) ) 19 Jun 2024 – Draft:Marco Marco (/wiki/Draft:Marco_Marco) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Marco_Marco) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Marco_Marco&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Marco_Marco&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by Quercusvirginiana (/wiki/User:Quercusvirginiana) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Quercusvirginiana) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Quercusvirginiana) ) 11 Jun 2024 – Draft:Brooklyn Projects (/wiki/Draft:Brooklyn_Projects) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Brooklyn_Projects) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Brooklyn_Projects&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Brooklyn_Projects&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by CiggySmalls (/w/index.php?title=User:CiggySmalls&action=edit&redlink=1) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:CiggySmalls) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/CiggySmalls) ) 26 May 2024 – Draft:Tarah Valencia (/wiki/Draft:Tarah_Valencia) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Tarah_Valencia) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Tarah_Valencia&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Tarah_Valencia&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by NathalieMendoza (/w/index.php?title=User:NathalieMendoza&action=edit&redlink=1) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:NathalieMendoza) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/NathalieMendoza) ) 10 May 2024 – Draft:Roxy Earle (/wiki/Draft:Roxy_Earle) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Roxy_Earle) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Roxy_Earle&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Roxy_Earle&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by 142.189.152.20 (/w/index.php?title=User:142.189.152.20&action=edit&redlink=1) ( t (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:142.189.152.20&action=edit&redlink=1) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/142.189.152.20) ) 06 May 2024 – Draft:Alise Trautmane-Uzuner (/wiki/Draft:Alise_Trautmane-Uzuner) ( talk (/wiki/Draft_talk:Alise_Trautmane-Uzuner) · edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Alise_Trautmane-Uzuner&action=edit) · hist (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Alise_Trautmane-Uzuner&action=history) ) has been submitted for AfC by Nanaazab (/wiki/User:Nanaazab) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Nanaazab) · c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nanaazab) ) ( 5 more (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Article_alerts#AFC) ... ) 5. Monitor article changes [ edit ] Go here (/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Fashion_articles_by_quality/1) , here (/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Fashion_articles_by_quality/2) , or here (/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Fashion_articles_by_quality/3) to check out recent changes to articles tagged with the {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} template. edit this panel (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/left_panel&action=edit) WikiProject Fashion Project standards Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal) : Fashion Portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Shortcuts (/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut) : WP:FASH (/wiki/Wikipedia:FASH) , WP:FASHION (/wiki/Wikipedia:FASHION) Project template: {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} Member userbox (/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes) : {{ User Fashion (/wiki/Template:User_Fashion) }} Barnstar: {{ The Fashion Barnstar (/wiki/Template:The_Fashion_Barnstar) |put your message here ~~~~}} Related projects WikiProject Textile Arts (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Textile_Arts) WikiProject Gemology and Jewelry (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gemology_and_Jewelry) Resources Style guide and Templates (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Style_guidelines) Fashion articles by quality and importance Quality Importance Top (/wiki/Category:Top-importance_fashion_articles) High (/wiki/Category:High-importance_fashion_articles) Mid (/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_fashion_articles) Low (/wiki/Category:Low-importance_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_fashion_articles) Total FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) 3 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=FA-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 24 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=FA-Class&importance=Low-Class) 27 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=FA-Class) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=FL-Class&importance=Low-Class) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=FL-Class) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class&importance=Top-Class) 13 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class&importance=High-Class) 17 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 64 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 96 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=GA-Class) B (/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) 14 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class&importance=Top-Class) 62 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class&importance=High-Class) 151 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 174 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class&importance=Low-Class) 51 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 452 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=B-Class) C (/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) 16 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=Top-Class) 112 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=High-Class) 276 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 711 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=NA-Class) 244 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 1,360 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=C-Class) Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) 27 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=Top-Class) 161 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=High-Class) 737 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 2,774 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=NA-Class) 1,089 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 4,789 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Start-Class) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) 26 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Stub-Class&importance=High-Class) 227 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Stub-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 1,587 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Stub-Class&importance=Low-Class) 657 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Stub-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 2,497 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Stub-Class) List (/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class&importance=High-Class) 11 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 61 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class&importance=NA-Class) 50 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 125 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=List-Class) Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Category-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 1,293 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Category-Class&importance=NA-Class) 1,295 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Category-Class) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) 3 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Disambig-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Disambig-Class&importance=Low-Class) 14 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Disambig-Class&importance=NA-Class) 18 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Disambig-Class) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=File-Class&importance=Low-Class) 74 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=File-Class&importance=NA-Class) 75 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=File-Class) Portal (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Portal-Class&importance=NA-Class) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Portal-Class) Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Project-Class&importance=High-Class) 30 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Project-Class&importance=NA-Class) 31 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Project-Class) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Template-Class&importance=Low-Class) 123 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Template-Class&importance=NA-Class) 124 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Template-Class) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) 12 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=NA-Class&importance=High-Class) 41 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=NA-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 152 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=NA-Class&importance=Low-Class) 268 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=NA-Class&importance=NA-Class) 473 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=NA-Class) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) 6 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Draft-Class&importance=Low-Class) 143 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Draft-Class&importance=NA-Class) 149 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Draft-Class) Assessed 58 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=Top-Class) 389 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=High-Class) 1,468 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 5,558 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1,950 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=NA-Class) 2,092 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 11,515 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Assessed-Class) Unassessed (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 2 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Unassessed-Class&importance=Mid-Class) 8 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Unassessed-Class&importance=Low-Class) 1 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Unassessed-Class&importance=NA-Class) 581 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Unassessed-Class&importance=Unknown-Class) 592 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?quality=Unassessed-Class) Total 58 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=Top-Class) 389 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=High-Class) 1,470 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=Mid-Class) 5,566 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=Low-Class) 1,951 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=NA-Class) 2,673 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles?importance=Unknown-Class) 12,107 (https://wp1.openzim.org/#/project/Fashion/articles) WikiWork factors ( ? ) ω = 45,915 Ω = 4.98 See Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/Popular pages (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Popular_pages) for a list of popular pages Featured Pictures in Fashion edit this panel (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/right_panel&action=edit) __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Participants-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants"],"text":"Participants","linkableTitle":"Participants"} Participants [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Participants-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants","timestamp":"2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Participants-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants"],"text":"Participants","linkableTitle":"Participants"} Below are Fashion WikiProject members and their special interests. If you are interested in helping, please add yourself to the list! Name Special Interests Antique Rose (/wiki/User:Antique_Rose) I'm interested in improving and correcting the fashion articles. My interest is mainly focused on women's clothing. Alex Shih (/wiki/User:Alex_Shih) Haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) ; elevating high fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) articles to featured status (/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles) Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) Interested in improving the (often quite terrible!) fashion coverage on Wikipedia. Figured I would start this up to try to coordinate others' efforts. If anyone can help with this WikiProject, it would be much appreciated! Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) It's about time ... not only for this project but for the first male user on this list. I am sort of accidentally here, as a result of developing The Devil Wears Prada (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) , and subsequently Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , which I hope to make the first FA and GA in this project soon. Our fashion coverage has been horrible ... I think Wintour has the only decent biography of any fashion person; I've had to create or upgrade quite a few articles, and that's what I see myself doing mainly — biographies. We should also give some attention to Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Geraldshields11 (/wiki/User:Geraldshields11) I am interested in the economics of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) . Grumpylawnchair (/wiki/User:Grumpylawnchair) I like writing about historical garments with a specialisation in circa 1800-1900's men's garments. HeatherSmithfield (/wiki/User:HeatherSmithfield) I'm interested in Victorian fashion James Santiago (/wiki/User:James_C_Santiago) I am interested in helping out by contributing photos that may be used to give more visual content to fashion related articles. I have realized that is is not easy to get the rights to use photos even though there are people who just need a visualization of a concept mentioned on Wikipedia. All of my photo contributions from various runway shows and fashion shoots. All work from my site is cc-by-nc-4-0 (https://www.jamessantiagophotographer.com/cc-by-nc-4-0/) and is fairly easy to use here because models sign blanket waivers that their likeness will be used across multiple forms of media. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) Really only historical stuff, and nearly all medieval (yes they had fashion too!). Also textiles a bit, especially early printed ones. Julissen (/wiki/User:Julissen) Interest : improving British and European fashion information and biographies. JuneGloom07 (/wiki/User:JuneGloom07) My interest is improving the biographies of fashion designers. I've already got Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) up to GA and I hope to get Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) up to GA too. I've also set my sights on improving Ben de Lisi (/wiki/Ben_de_Lisi) and Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) . krushdiva (/wiki/User:Krushdiva) I too love fashion and excited to contribute and improve fashion articles Libby norman (/wiki/User:Libby_norman) I'm interested in improving coverage of fashion on Wiki – I think it gets a hard time from some editors who don't seem to think it's 'serious'. I've added a few articles – including Stephen Marks (/wiki/Stephen_Marks) , Joseph Ettedgui (/wiki/Joseph_Ettedgui) , Joseph (fashion brand) (/wiki/Joseph_(fashion_brand)) and BodyMap (/wiki/BodyMap) – which probably tells you I'm in a timewarp. I've also passed and improved a few others. I hope I can help nurture and improve across the board, although these days I am mostly wearing wellies and something warm. lisacarolinamartinez (/wiki/User:Lisacarolinamartinez) I am a freelance fashion writer who has covered fashion weeks on three continents. With all the information on Wikipedia, I am disappointed not to see more fashion content. I aim to change that. I would love to not only increase our content, but enhance it as well with photos and video content. I want us to be a reference for fashion-related articles just as we are for other categories. I would like to contribute runway and red carpet coverage as well as more general biographical and industry information. And would love to discuss further with anyone who's interested about how we can REALLY galvanize efforts towards expanding and developing this project!--FASHION LOVERS UNITE! Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) I have good general knowledge of fashion, with a interest in British designers, particularly the 1960s-70s boutique era. Also good knowledge of fashion terminology and dress history from the last 400 years. I'll be trying to revise and improve the British fashion designer bios, after seeing some absolute horrors of misinformation... Marsattack (/wiki/User:Marsattack) I'm a fashion and costume design student and my main interest is fashion/costume history. I joined wikipedia because I just had to collaborate on the 1945-1960 article. Such an important part of modern fashion, and this article has been a stub for too long..I'm working on it! :) Mbinebri (/wiki/User:Mbinebri) If you see me around, I'm probably doing grunt work on the vast expanse of fashion model articles. Maintenance tags, categorization, fact-checking, copyediting, dealing with obvious policy violations, etc. Mheart (/wiki/User:Mheart) Interested particularly in designers. Midnight Citian (/wiki/User:Midnight_Citian) Miranda (/wiki/User_talk:Miranda) Uploading pics from Commons and adding them to articles. Assessments. modnik (/w/index.php?title=User:Modnik&action=edit&redlink=1) Credentialed fashion historian with emphasis on 20th c. fashion. Nate Wessel (/wiki/User:Nate_Wessel) Self-taught freelance fashion designer, working in the Midwest US. I'm interested in developing pages on sewing and patternmaking techniques. When I was learning (and still today) there was absolutely nothing of value online, that wasn't aimed at sewing from store-bought women's patterns or quilting. I want to help change that. Nicole A. Jenkins (/wiki/User:Nicole_A._Jenkins) A lifelong student of the history of fashion, I am currently writing a book with particular relevance to the sourcing, identification and care of vintage clothing. I also own and run a vintage clothing shop in Melbourne, Australia called Circa Vintage Clothing (http://www.circavintageclothing.com.au) . My area of expertise is 20th century fashion. Pinkadelica (/wiki/User:Pinkadelica) I love fashion and some of the fashion-related articles I've stumbled across are in a pitiful state, so I'm here to help! PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) I've done a lot of work on the History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) series. I am interested in the history of clothes, particulary 16th-17th centuries and Victorian, as well as embroidery and other needle arts. Count me in! Robomod (/wiki/User:Robomod) I love the people in fashion and their biographies. I'm interested in fashion models, brands and magazines! Sid1977 (/wiki/User:Sid1977) Interested in adding/improving model agency and model articles. theorb (/wiki/User:Theorb) The fashion coverage is horrible. Let's try to make some improvements. thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) Pretty much the same as Sara, I've been wanting to improve the fashion part of wikipedia for a long time. I think I could help in most of the areas fashion covers but I'm gonna focus on improving the models (and maybe designers) articles for starters. By the way, I'm french! Tinkerbell (/w/index.php?title=User:Tinkerbell&action=edit&redlink=1) I attended fashion school in New York with an interest in journalism. I appreciate fashion that is not trendy, yet still enjoy watching shows such as Project Runway . Vickser (/wiki/User:Vickser) Well, I saw this project and couldn't help but add myself. I used to work at TeenVogue, even though I now mostly try to pretend to care about serious things. Right now I'm working on an article for the always fantabulously dressed Henry Conway (/wiki/Henry_Conway) , but I'm happy to help out with other things. I've got access to like infinite databases, so if you ever need someone to try finding extra old sources, I'm you're girl. Violetbeau (/wiki/User:Violetbeau) Stumbled across this page when looking up a particular British designer. I love Fashion and I'd like to uphold the British end - so to speak! walshga (/wiki/User:Walshga) I'm interested in fashion as an aspect of organizational culture (/wiki/Organizational_culture) , such as business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) and interview suits (/wiki/Interview_suit) . Winston789 (/w/index.php?title=User:Winston789&action=edit&redlink=1) Fantastic! I think I've found my new home here :) My areas of expertise include haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , luxury leather goods and haute joaillerie (/w/index.php?title=Haute_joaillerie&action=edit&redlink=1) . WM-86 (/wiki/User:WTGDMan1986) I have storybook characters with interesting hairstyles and different fashions (one of my guilty pleasures is collecting Sophisticate's Hairstyle Guide and other fashion magazines) - ever since I watched shows like One Tree Hill (/wiki/One_Tree_Hill_(TV_series)) , 90210 (/wiki/90210_(TV_series)) , Privileged (/wiki/Privileged_(TV_series)) , Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl_(TV_series)) and The Hills (/wiki/The_Hills_(TV_series)) , I became interested in making my female storybook characters more beautiful than ever. I'm also joining to revert vandalism (I use VandalProof (/wiki/Wikipedia:VandalProof) and Twinkle (/wiki/Wikipedia:TWINKLE) as well)! :) Yamanbaiia (/wiki/User:Yamanbaiia) Great project, i'de never thought of improving the fashion articles! For starters, i'll try and make my favorite designer ( Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) ) Good Article (/wiki/Wikipedia:GA) material. I will also work in 40's and 50's articles. Thefashionexpert (/w/index.php?title=User:Thefashionexpert&action=edit&redlink=1) I'm interested in creating requested fashion articles. LunaHunting (/wiki/User:LunaHunting) I am willing to help out in any fashion article as I am definitely a fashion freak. :) Colonel Warden (/wiki/User:Colonel_Warden) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Colonel_Warden) ) I have created articles in this field such as Antoine de Paris (/wiki/Antoine_de_Paris) and Wörishofer (/wiki/W%C3%B6rishofer) . Doc2234 (/wiki/User:Doc2234) I am interested in RISD (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) grads, and generally trying to improve articles by adding quality images. Theologiae (/wiki/User:Theologiae) I am interested in 18th century fashion as well as contemporary haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) and prêt-à-porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter) , designers and fashion capitals, such as New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) and London (/wiki/London) Arauser (/wiki/User:Arauser) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Arauser) ) 00:35, 9 February 2012 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion#c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z","author":"Arauser","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Arauser-2012-02-09T00:35:00.000Z-Participants","replies":[]}} I am interested in 18th and early 19th century fashion. I am working with a group of students to improve some of the essays in this area in spring 2012. Eartha78 (/wiki/User:Eartha78) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Eartha78) ) My interests are pre-1960 20th century couture in London and Paris, 19th-21st century jewellery, British tailors and tailoring, and the perfume industry. Xiaweiyang (/wiki/User:Xiaweiyang) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Xiaweiyang) ) My interests are mainly in street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) , teen fashion. I want to contribute on the Metball (/w/index.php?title=Metball&action=edit&redlink=1) events. Since it's big event in fashion but the articles and multimedia are still missing now. KLOLvonJoulupukki (/wiki/User:KLOLvonJoulupukki) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:KLOLvonJoulupukki) ) Interested in general improvements, influential figures (designers, models, and other tastemakers), and contemporary fashion. fashionethics (/wiki/User:Fashionethics) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fashionethics) ) Interested in fashion law, ethics, sustainability, philanthropy, trade associations, international development, & general improvements. fMargaritaPoppa (/wiki/User:MargaritaPoppa) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:MargaritaPoppa) ) Interested in high fashion and improving articles related to this. Chickadee46 (/wiki/User:Chickadee46) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Chickadee46) ) Interested in historical fashion (including ancient and medieval), creating requested fashion articles, and general improvements Fashionmouse (/wiki/User:Fashionmouse) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fashionmouse) ) I'm interested in fashion from the 1920s through the early 1970s. I'm especially drawn to the music, culture, and fashion of the 1950s. I've been a writer and editor for several years and I would like to contribute my fashion insight and editing expertise. Ollie Thurston (/wiki/User:OllieThurston) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:OllieThurston) )) I'm mainly interested in historical fashion, specifically the late 19th century, and how socioeconomic factors impact fashion and trends. Colettesilk (/w/index.php?title=User:Colettesilk&action=edit&redlink=1) I am interested in helping out by contributing anything Scarf related, history, designs usage etc. I have over 40 years experience in Retail fashion design with a speciality of accessories All work from my site is original designs based on Minimalist Art, Art Deco and OP Art [1] (https://www.colettesilk.com/) Any pictures posted by me are my own property and can be used to use here because models sign blanket waivers that their likeness will be used across multiple forms of media. RV (/wiki/User:RAJIVVASUDEV) I'm RV, a textile professional with a passion for historical and contemporary textile topics. I explore both forgotten gems of textile history and contemporary textile subjects through my writing. As a professional in the textile industry, my editing focuses solely on textile and fashion-related topics. Users inactive for six months are moved to Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/Inactive users (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Inactive_users) . If you notice that your name is missing from the main list after you return from a break, please re-add it! v t e Wikipedia help pages (/wiki/Help:Directory) Visit the Teahouse (/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse) or the Help desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk) for an interactive Q & A forum. FAQs (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ) (?) Reference desks (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk) (?) Noticeboards (/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards) (?) Cheatsheet (/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet) (?) Directories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes) (?) 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Trinidad and Tobago portal (/wiki/Portal:Trinidad_and_Tobago) This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for articles about models (/wiki/Model_(person)) from the Caribbean country of Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) . Classification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification) : People (/wiki/Category:People) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation) : Models (/wiki/Category:Models) : By nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) : Trinidad and Tobago Also: Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago) : People (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_people) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_people_by_occupation) : Models NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65b65867f9‐x2xcz Cached time: 20240716210323 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.087 seconds Real time usage: 0.194 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3707/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 275/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.048/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 973984/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 177.130 1 -total 58.27% 103.213 1 Template:Fooian_fooers 52.86% 93.623 4 Template:Resolve_category_redirect 33.34% 59.047 1 Template:Portal 8.25% 14.620 1 Template:Category_explanation 6.89% 12.206 1 Template:Hatnote 2.02% 3.582 1 Template:COLON Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16761642-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716210323 and revision id 803608695. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + Trinidad and Tobago female models (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_female_models) (13 P) Trinidad and Tobago male models (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_male_models) (1 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_models&oldid=803608695 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_models&oldid=803608695) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Trinidad and Tobago people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_people_by_occupation) Models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) Caribbean models (/wiki/Category:Caribbean_models) |
Italian businessman Claudio Del Vecchio Born 1956 or 1957 (age 66–67) [1] (#cite_note-theflorentine.net-1) Italy Occupation Businessman Spouse(s) Laura Ballis (divorced) Debra Children 3 Parent Leonardo Del Vecchio (/wiki/Leonardo_Del_Vecchio) (father) Claudio Del Vecchio (born 1956) is an Italian businessman and billionaire. In April 2023, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) estimated his net worth around $3.9 billion. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) His father Leonardo Del Vecchio (/wiki/Leonardo_Del_Vecchio) was the billionaire founder of Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) , an Italian eyewear company, and Claudio has been called his "heir apparent". [1] (#cite_note-theflorentine.net-1) Biography [ edit ] His mother, Luciana Nervo, was Leonardo Del Vecchio's first wife; he was married three times. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 1982, Del Vecchio was sent by his father to the United States to lead the Luxottica's US development. During his tenure as CEO of Luxottica during the 1990s, Del Vecchio took the company public, and led the acquisition of LensCrafters (/wiki/LensCrafters) in 1995. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 1998, he left Luxottica. He acquired and quickly turned around the struggling retailer Casual Corner (/wiki/Casual_Corner) . He acquired Brooks Brothers in 2001 and sold Casual Corner in 2005. Brooks Brothers filed for bankruptcy in September 2020 and was acquired by Authentic Brands (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Del Vecchio was the chairman, CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) , and owner of Brooks Brothers Group, Inc. (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) , the holding company (/wiki/Holding_company) of Brooks Brothers. [4] (#cite_note-nytimesprivatesectorcrownjewel-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) After the death of his father in 2022, he inherited 12.5% stake of the family's Luxembourg-based holding company Delfin. He owns shares of Generali (/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali) , Mediobanca (/wiki/Mediobanca) , UniCredit (/wiki/UniCredit) and Covivio (/wiki/Covivio) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Personal life [ edit ] Claudio Del Vecchio lives in nine-bedroom estate in Muttontown (/wiki/Muttontown,_New_York) , Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) , that has been listed for $11 million in 2021. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) His brother Leonardo Maria is head of Italian retail for Luxottica. His son Matteo is a senior vice president of EssilorLuxottica North America. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Honors [ edit ] 2014: Cavaliere del Lavoro (/wiki/Cavaliere_del_Lavoro) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Leonardo Del Vecchio - The Florentine" (http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2012/10/leonardo-del-vecchio/) . theflorentine.net . 11 October 2012 . Retrieved 18 September 2018 . ^ a b c d "Claudio Del Vecchio" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/claudio-del-vecchio/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-04-16 . ^ a b c d e Tognini, Giacomo. "Here's How Many Billions The Heirs Of Italy's Second Richest Man–Who Died Monday–Stand To Inherit" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/giacomotognini/2022/06/27/heres-how-many-billions-the-heirs-of-italys-second-richest-manwho-died-mondaystand-to-inherit/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-04-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-nytimesprivatesectorcrownjewel_4-0) Browning, Lynnley (December 23, 2001). "Private Sector; Crown Jewel for a Fashion Heir?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/23/business/private-sector-crown-jewel-for-a-fashion-heir.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved April 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Claudio Del Vecchio, Brooks Brothers Inc: Profile and Biography - Bloomberg Markets" (https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/3411781) . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved 2020-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Friedman, Vanessa; Maheshwari, Sapna (2020-06-05). "Brooks Bros., 'Made in America' Since 1818, May Soon Need a New Calling Card" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/05/business/brooks-brothers-factory-closings.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-06-25 . This business-related Italian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Element of music performance This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cross-dressing_in_music_and_opera) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Cross-dressing_in_music_and_opera) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Cross-dressing_in_music_and_opera##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross-dressing_in_music_and_opera&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . 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( February 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) History of cross-dressing (/wiki/History_of_cross-dressing) In wartime (/wiki/Wartime_cross-dressers) History of drag (/wiki/History_of_drag) Rebecca Riots (/wiki/Rebecca_Riots) Casa Susanna (/wiki/Casa_Susanna) Pantomime dame (/wiki/Pantomime_dame) Principal boy (/wiki/Principal_boy) Travesti (theatre) (/wiki/Travesti_(theatre)) Travesti (gender identity) (/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)) Key elements Passing (/wiki/Passing_(gender)) Transvestism (/wiki/Transvestism) Modern drag (/wiki/Drag_(entertainment)) culture Ball culture (/wiki/Ball_culture) Drag king (/wiki/Drag_king) Drag pageantry (/wiki/Drag_pageantry) Drag queen (/wiki/Drag_queen) Female queen (drag) (/wiki/Female_queen_(drag)) Sexual practices Femdom (/wiki/Dominatrix) Feminization (/wiki/Feminization_(activity)) Petticoating (/wiki/Petticoating) Transvestic fetishism (/wiki/Transvestic_fetishism) Other aspects Cross-gender acting (/wiki/Cross-gender_acting) Crossplay (cosplay) (/wiki/Crossplay_(cosplay)) Passing as male (/wiki/Methods_of_passing_as_male) Breast binding (/wiki/Breast_binding) Stand-to-pee device (/wiki/Stand-to-pee_device) Packing (/wiki/Packing_(phallus)) Passing as female (/wiki/Methods_of_passing_as_female) Breast forms (/wiki/Breast_form) Cleavage enhancement (/wiki/Cleavage_enhancement) Hip and buttock padding (/wiki/Hip_and_buttock_padding) Tucking (/wiki/Tucking) Gaff (/wiki/Gaff_(clothing)) Organizations Tri-Ess (/wiki/Tri-Ess) Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (/wiki/Street_Transvestite_Action_Revolutionaries) Books My Husband Betty (/wiki/My_Husband_Betty) She's Not The Man I Married (/wiki/She%27s_Not_The_Man_I_Married) The Boy in the Dress (/wiki/The_Boy_in_the_Dress_(novel)) Theories Causes of gender incongruence (/wiki/Causes_of_gender_incongruence) Social construction of gender (/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender) v t e Cross-dressing in music and opera refers to musical performers or opera singers portraying a character of the opposite gender. It is parallel to cross-dressing in film and television (/wiki/Cross-dressing_in_film_and_television) and draws on a long history of cross-gender acting (/wiki/Cross-gender_acting) . In opera [ edit ] An entire cross-dressing genre of operatic roles, called " breeches roles (/wiki/Breeches_role) " (aka trouser or pants roles) or travesti (/wiki/Travesti_(theatre)) . These are male roles performed by women, typically mezzo-sopranos but occasionally by sopranos. Some female opera singers specialize in these types of roles. One artistic reason for breeches roles was that some storylines included young boy characters, but the actual performance required an adult's vocal strength and stage experience in addition to a high, boyish voice. Women were thus better suited to these roles than actual boys. Some examples of these roles are Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro (/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro) , Siebel in Faust (/wiki/Faust_(opera)) , and Hansel in Hansel and Gretel (/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel) . Other breeches roles were created due to the need for an adult male character to seem other-worldly (Orpheus in Orfeo ed Euridice (/wiki/Orfeo_ed_Euridice) ) or unmanly (Prince Idamante in Idomeneo (/wiki/Idomeneo) ). In some cases, the casting of a woman may have been an excuse to have an attractive actress appear in tight-fitting trousers. [ citation needed ] During the Grand Opera era (/w/index.php?title=Grand_Opera_era&action=edit&redlink=1) , women typically worn voluminous dresses onstage. Some male operatic roles originally written to be sung in the voice range of castrati (/wiki/Castrati) (men castrated in boyhood, whose voices never descended into the normal male register) are now usually cast with female singers in male costume. Beethoven (/wiki/Beethoven) 's only opera, Fidelio (/wiki/Fidelio) , is unusual in that it features a female character who cross-dresses as part of the plot. The woman disguises herself as a young man as part of a plan to rescue her husband from prison. In The Marriage of Figaro , Cherubino dresses as a girl to avoid army duty. The part of Cherubino is thus played by a woman, who plays a man who dresses as a woman. In the early 20th century, German composer Richard Strauss (/wiki/Richard_Strauss) included a major trouser role in two operas: the Composer in Ariadne auf Naxos (/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos) and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier (/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier) . In modern music [ edit ] David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) Peter Gabriel (/wiki/Peter_Gabriel) in the early 70s, while being lead singer in Genesis (/wiki/Genesis_(band)) , used to wear his wife's red dress during the performance of their song ' "The Musical Box" (song) (/wiki/The_Musical_Box_(song)) ', until he changed his costume for 'the old Henry' mask. " Arnold Layne (/wiki/Arnold_Layne) ", the first released single by British psychedelic rock (/wiki/Psychedelic_rock) group Pink Floyd (/wiki/Pink_Floyd) , is about a transvestite who steals women's clothes from washing lines. (The song was written by Syd Barrett (/wiki/Syd_Barrett) who supposedly cross-dressed at a later point in his life when going through a mental breakdown.) Nicky Wire (/wiki/Nicky_Wire) , bassist of the Manic Street Preachers (/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers) , has cross dressed throughout his career. The Kinks (/wiki/The_Kinks) ' 1970 hit " Lola (/wiki/Lola_(song)) " is a song about an encounter with a transvestite. Pete Burns (/wiki/Pete_Burns) , the lead singer of the new wave (/wiki/New_wave_music) band Dead or Alive (/wiki/Dead_or_Alive_(band)) , cross-dressed in the band's music videos, performances, and in his appearances on TV. However, Burns is dismissive of the term "cross-dressing" to describe his style, as said in numerous television interviews and in his autobiography. Actor and singer Harris Glenn Milstead (/wiki/Harris_Glenn_Milstead) became known for his drag persona, Divine. Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) , in his early career made androgynous fashion choices; he wore high-heeled shoes. Marilyn Manson (/wiki/Marilyn_Manson_(band)) often wears androgynous costumes in their performances, music videos and public appearances. Maynard James Keenan (/wiki/Maynard_James_Keenan) of the band Tool (/wiki/Tool_(band)) cross-dressed during performances in the late 1990s as part of his stage act. Kurt Cobain (/wiki/Kurt_Cobain) , the lead singer of the American grunge (/wiki/Grunge) band Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) , often cross-dressed at home and on stage. [1] (#cite_note-1) Billie Joe Armstrong (/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong) of Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) wrote a song about cross-dressing called " King for a Day (/wiki/King_for_a_Day_(Green_Day_song)) ", which was featured in the band's 1997 album nimrod. (/wiki/Nimrod_(album)) . Brian Viglione (/wiki/Brian_Viglione) , member of the punk cabaret group The Dresden Dolls (/wiki/The_Dresden_Dolls) , has cross-dressed since he was 12 years old. [ citation needed ] The Who (/wiki/The_Who) 's song " I'm a Boy (/wiki/I%27m_a_Boy) " is about a young boy dressed as a girl. The Bitch and Animal (/wiki/Bitch_and_Animal) song "Drag King Bar" is about cross-dressing. "Be My Human Tonight" by Norman Iceberg (/wiki/Norman_Iceberg) also talks about the concept. Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention (/wiki/Frank_Zappa_and_the_Mothers_of_Invention) wore dresses for the covers and center art of their third album We're Only in It for the Money (/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money) Queen (/wiki/Queen_(band)) cross-dressed in their video for the song, " I Want to Break Free (/wiki/I_Want_to_Break_Free) ". Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) is seen dressed in a suit, tie, gloves, and cane in the music video for " Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) (/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_(Are_Made_of_This)) ". The rock band Twisted Sister (/wiki/Twisted_Sister) often dresses cross dressed on stages and photo shoots. Philo Cramer (/wiki/Philo_Cramer) from the band Fear (/wiki/Fear_(band)) wore a green dress when they infamously appeared on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) Red Hot Chili Peppers (/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers) frontman Anthony Kiedis (/wiki/Anthony_Kiedis) has been known to crossdress on stage and, occasionally, in videos. AC/DC (/wiki/AC/DC) 's former singer Bon Scott (/wiki/Bon_Scott) dressed once as a school girl (as an opposite to Angus Young (/wiki/Angus_Young) ) Placebo (/wiki/Placebo_(band)) 's frontman Brian Molko (/wiki/Brian_Molko) is androgynous and bisexual, often cross-dressing on and offstage. Placebo (/wiki/Placebo_(band)) 's song Nancy Boy is about a sensitive boy who "Does his makeup in his room" and dresses like a girl. IAMX (/wiki/IAMX) (also Chris Corner (/wiki/Chris_Corner) ) cross-dresses in his video for My Secret Friend along with Imogen Heap. Verka Serduchka (/wiki/Verka_Serduchka) , Ukrainian male singer who always performs as a female. Jeffree Star (/wiki/Jeffree_Star) , male singer and Myspace (/wiki/Myspace) celebrity, is almost always wearing women's clothes. In Japan, visual kei (/wiki/Visual_kei) musicians often appear crossdressing such as Hizaki (/wiki/Hizaki) and Jasmine You (/wiki/Jasmine_You) (both from Versailles (/wiki/Versailles_(band)) ), Kaya (/wiki/Kaya_(Japanese_musician)) (vocalist of Schwarz Stein (/wiki/Schwarz_Stein) ), Bou (ex-guitarist of An Cafe (/wiki/An_Cafe) ), Yumehito (guitarist of Ayabie (/wiki/Ayabie) ), Tatsuhi (bassist of Zoro (/wiki/Zoro_(band)) ) and Aya (Guitarist of Psycho le Cému (/wiki/Psycho_le_C%C3%A9mu) ). In addition to his musical career, Mana (/wiki/Mana_(Japanese_musician)) , from the bands Malice Mizer (/wiki/Malice_Mizer) and Moi dix Mois (/wiki/Moi_dix_Mois) , is a fashion designer who often cross-dresses. Lou Reed (/wiki/Lou_Reed) wrote songs about / including "T.V.'s", with the earliest example being " Sister Ray (/wiki/Sister_Ray) " from the Velvet Underground's 1968 album White Light/White Heat (/wiki/White_Light/White_Heat) , and followed by Reed's solo album hit, the infamous " Walk on the Wild Side (/wiki/Walk_on_the_Wild_Side_(Lou_Reed_song)) " from the Bowie-produced 1972 album Transformer (/wiki/Transformer_(Lou_Reed_album)) . This song was in reference to the T.V.'s who were a part of the Andy Warhol entourage: "Sugar Plum Fairy", "Candy Darling", and "Jackie 'O'". U2 wore dresses on the Achtung Baby (/wiki/Achtung_Baby) sleeve notes. Led Zeppelin (/wiki/Led_Zeppelin) also dressed in drag in one of the pics on Physical Graffiti (/wiki/Physical_Graffiti) , they also hung out with drag queens. Steven Tyler (/wiki/Steven_Tyler) of Aerosmith (/wiki/Aerosmith) is a known crossdresser. Aerosmith (/wiki/Aerosmith) 's song " Dude Looks Like A Lady (/wiki/Dude_Looks_Like_A_Lady) " is about stumbling upon a transvestite New York Dolls (/wiki/New_York_Dolls) donned an androgynous wardrobe, wearing disheveled wigs, smudged lipstick, stilted platforms, painfully tight lurex/satin pants and crimpoline dresses. [2] (#cite_note-2) Richie Stotts (/wiki/Richie_Stotts) wore tutus (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) and a naughty nurse (/wiki/Naughty_nurse) costume during his stint in The Plasmatics (/wiki/The_Plasmatics) , in order to keep up with the outrageousness of bandmate Wendy O. Williams (/wiki/Wendy_O._Williams) Davey Faragher (/wiki/Davey_Faragher) wore dresses on stage during his stint in Cracker (/wiki/Cracker_(band)) . When the band performed on Late Night with David Letterman (/wiki/Late_Night_with_David_Letterman) , David Letterman (/wiki/David_Letterman) made a joke about it. [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Cross-dressing in literature (/wiki/Cross-dressing_in_literature) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kurt Cobain Pushed the Boundaries of Gender and Made Room for Us All | Niko Stratis" (https://catapult.co/stories/niko-stratis-everyone-is-gay-nirvana-kurt-cobain-pushed-boundaries-gender-masculinity-queerness-rock-grunge) . Catapult . 2022-03-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The History Of Punk - New York Dolls" (http://www.punk77.co.uk/punkhistory/newyorkdolls.htm) . www.punk77.co.uk . Retrieved 2016-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Cracker on Letterman Part 2" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UuaDT8220M) . 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Otto Lucas Lucas in 1952 Born 9 July 1903 Germany Died 2 October 1971 (aged 67–68) Aarsele, Belgium Occupation Milliner Otto Lucas (9 July 1903 – 2 October 1971) was a German-born, London-based milliner (/wiki/Millinery) . Running a hugely successful hatmaking studio in London between the 1930s and the 1970s, his business supplied both major stores throughout Europe, the US and Australia and hats for private clients such as Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) and Wallis Simpson (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) . His career was cut short when he was killed in a plane crash (/wiki/British_European_Airways_Flight_706) over Belgium in October 1971. Life and career [ edit ] Otto Lucas was born in Germany and, after a spell learning millinery in Paris and Berlin, he moved to London and opened his own salon in Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) , Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) in 1932. [1] (#cite_note-Powerhouse_Museum_Sydney-1) By the 1950s, Lucas was supplying other fashion designers, stores and private clients – notably Wallis Simpson and Greta Garbo. [2] (#cite_note-FMD_Lucas-2) Lucas was a skilled businessman and his workroom grew to immense proportions; a 1958 British Pathé (/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9) film Heady Stuff – featuring a walk on role for top model Barbara Goalen (/wiki/Barbara_Goalen) – shows a small army of women working in the back of his Bond Street salon. He worked closely with members of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (/wiki/Incorporated_Society_of_London_Fashion_Designers) (IncSoc). For example, in 1953, he supplied all the hats for a fashion show in St Moritz (/wiki/St_Moritz) organised by export magazine The Ambassador (/wiki/International_Textiles) to showcase designs by, among others, Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) , Digby Morton (/wiki/Digby_Morton) and Victor Stiebel (/wiki/Victor_Stiebel) . [3] (#cite_note-The_Times_52547-3) Similarly, in 1961, he supplied all the hats worn by some 250 models at the fifth London Fashion Week organised by the Fashion House Group of London (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) , which represented a variety of fashion, textiles and accessories brands. [4] (#cite_note-The_Times_55075-4) He mixed in artistic circles and one of his best friends was The Colony Room (/wiki/The_Colony_Room) proprietor Muriel Belcher (/wiki/Muriel_Belcher) – who never wore a hat. [5] (#cite_note-Beige-5) Lucas's salon also supplied major department stores, such as Fortnum & Mason (/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason) in London. [6] (#cite_note-Fortnum_&_Mason_story_of_millinery-6) He began exporting to David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_Limited) in Australia in 1934 and was still supplying them in the 1950s; new shipments of his hats were heavily promoted. [7] (#cite_note-SMH_advert_300753-7) [8] (#cite_note-SMH_140754-8) He also produced hats for the US, available in stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) . [5] (#cite_note-Beige-5) Lucas continued to deliver a huge number of hats throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s. In his final year of work, his studio is said to have made and delivered over 55,000 designs. [9] (#cite_note-VAM_hat-9) Death [ edit ] Lucas was a passenger on BEA Flight 706 (/wiki/British_European_Airways_Flight_706) , which crashed near Aarsele (/wiki/Aarsele) , Belgium on 2 October 1971 en route to Salzburg (/wiki/Salzburg) , Austria. There were no survivors among the 63 passengers and crew. [10] (#cite_note-Bangor_Daily_News-10) Legacy and commemoration [ edit ] Lucas was responsible for training many future milliners – notably leading hatmakers to the Queen (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , Frederick Fox (/wiki/Frederick_Fox_(milliner)) and Philip Somerville (/wiki/Philip_Somerville) , both of whom completed apprenticeships at his studio. [11] (#cite_note-DT_Obit_13122013-11) [12] (#cite_note-DT_160914-12) His hats can be found in, among others, the archives of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , London, and the Powerhouse Museum (/wiki/Powerhouse_Museum) , Sydney. [1] (#cite_note-Powerhouse_Museum_Sydney-1) [9] (#cite_note-VAM_hat-9) One of his hats – a scarlet toque (/wiki/Toque) – is immortalised in the Norman Parkinson (/wiki/Norman_Parkinson) fashion portrait After Van Dongen , which originally appeared in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) in 1959. A different frame from this shoot was then chosen by Parkinson for the cover of the publication accompanying his 1981 solo portrait exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) . [13] (#cite_note-Norman_Parkinson_Archive_van_Dongen-13) [14] (#cite_note-The_Times_68501-14) Lucas was featured in the New York Times Overlooked No More (/wiki/Overlooked_(obituary_feature)) series in June 2024. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "96/386/56 Hat, womens, straw/ velvet, Otto Lucas, England, 1950–1960" (http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=153322) . powerhousemuseum.com . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-FMD_Lucas_2-0) "Otto Lucas" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/otto-lucas/) . fashionmodeldirectory.com . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_52547_3-0) "British Fashions in Switzerland". The Times . No. 52547. 16 February 1953. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_55075_4-0) "Princess Alexandra will open the fifth London Fashion Week". The Times . No. 55075. 8 May 1961. ^ Jump up to: a b Parkin, Sophie. "The Colony Room: Fashionably Shabby Right from the Start" (http://www.beigeuk.com/2012/11/the-colony-room-club-fashionably-shabby-right-from-the-start/) . beigeuk.com . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fortnum_&_Mason_story_of_millinery_6-0) "The story of Fortnum's Millinery Department" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041933/http://www.fortnumandmason.com/c-1599-the-story-of-fortnums-millinery-department.aspx) . fortnumandmason.com. Archived from the original (http://www.fortnumandmason.com/c-1599-the-story-of-fortnums-millinery-department.aspx) on 24 September 2014 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-SMH_advert_300753_7-0) "Women rush "Last" hats of Otto Lucas, "the man with the midas touch" (advertorial)" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19520730&id=D7dVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5bADAAAAIBAJ&pg=2851,3160810) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 30 July 1952 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-SMH_140754_8-0) "Otto Lucas' collection of spring hats has arrived (advertorial)" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18426206) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 14 July 1954 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Hat by Otto Lucas" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84188/hat-otto-lucas/) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bangor_Daily_News_10-0) "Tail pieces found 3 miles from Belgium air crash" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19711004&id=4DA0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z-EIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4045,1065575) . Bangor Daily News . United Press International. 4 October 1971 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT_Obit_13122013_11-0) "Frederick Fox – obituary" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/10516984/Frederick-Fox-obituary.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 13 December 2013 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT_160914_12-0) "Philip Somerville – obituary" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11100089/Philip-Somerville-obituary.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 16 September 2014 . Retrieved 21 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Norman_Parkinson_Archive_van_Dongen_13-0) "After Van Dongen" (http://www.normanparkinson.com/archive/after-van-dongen-vogue-1959/) . normanparkinson.com . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_68501_14-0) Pitman, Joanna (24 September 2005). "Parkinson's Classic Red Hat". The Times . No. 68501. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Rayfield, Jillian (28 June 2024). "Overlooked No More: Otto Lucas, 'God in the Hat World' (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/obituaries/otto-lucas-overlooked.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/obituaries/otto-lucas-overlooked.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . External links [ edit ] Otto Lucas hat (http://www.fashionhistorytheory.com/2010/Richard.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101107003202/http://fashionhistorytheory.com/2010/Richard.html) 7 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) 1960 Otto Lucas Hat in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O365758/hat-lucas-otto/) Heady Stuff , British Pathé News film of Otto Lucas workshop, also featuring Barbara Goalen (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/heady-stuff/query/BARBARA) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/4741368) National Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p323587127) Artists Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/7176/) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/240996135) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐8bf4f467b‐8mxc7 Cached time: 20240716221337 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.348 seconds Real time usage: 0.468 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2225/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30750/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 778/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61157/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.235/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6044969/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 435.666 1 -total 37.36% 162.783 1 Template:Infobox_person 33.02% 143.875 1 Template:Reflist 21.45% 93.464 6 Template:Cite_web 19.32% 84.186 1 Template:Authority_control 10.99% 47.859 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.58% 37.394 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 8.39% 36.565 1 Template:Death_year_and_age 7.29% 31.759 9 Template:Cite_news 5.05% 21.999 1 Template:EngvarB Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43917625-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716221337 and revision id 1234935378. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Lucas&oldid=1234935378 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Lucas&oldid=1234935378) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1903 births (/wiki/Category:1903_births) 1971 deaths (/wiki/Category:1971_deaths) 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) 1940s fashion (/wiki/Category:1940s_fashion) 1950s fashion (/wiki/Category:1950s_fashion) 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) English fashion designers (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) German emigrants to the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:German_emigrants_to_the_United_Kingdom) German fashion designers (/wiki/Category:German_fashion_designers) German milliners (/wiki/Category:German_milliners) British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Belgium (/wiki/Category:Victims_of_aviation_accidents_or_incidents_in_Belgium) Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1971 (/wiki/Category:Victims_of_aviation_accidents_or_incidents_in_1971) 20th-century English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_businesspeople) Hidden categories: EngvarB from November 2017 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_November_2017) Use dmy dates from November 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with NTA identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NTA_identifiers) Articles with NGV identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NGV_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers) |
American clothing company Goldworm Industry clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 1927 Founder Samuel Goldworm Gertrude Goldworm Defunct 1981 Fate disestablished Headquarters United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Robert Goldworm Products sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) Goldworm was an American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) company that ran from 1927 to 1981. It was particularly famous for its knitwear designs. [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) History [ edit ] The Goldworm company was founded in 1927 by Samuel Goldworm (d.1953) and his wife Gertrude (d.1983). [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) Their son, Robert Goldworm, joined the company in 1947, and succeeded his father as company president. [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) Under Robert's leadership, the company became quickly renowned for high quality knitwear, for which it won a Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) in 1956. [2] (#cite_note-daves-2) Robert Goldworm was an active promoter of knitwear, opening a base in Milan, Italy, where he could have top-quality Italian knits made for the New York market. [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) The first designer of American knits in Italy, [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) in 1959 he was made a Commander of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity (/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Italian_Solidarity) by the Italian government in recognition of his active promotion and support of the Italian knitwear industry. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In addition to this, Goldworm won five Woolknit Design Awards. [5] (#cite_note-robit-5) Following Robert's retirement in 1981 (Gertrude had retired a few years earlier in 1977), the Goldworm company was disestablished. [1] (#cite_note-barbara-1) Gertrude Goldworm died on 23 May 1983, [6] (#cite_note-gertobit-6) and Robert Goldworm died 3 December 1991 of an embolism (/wiki/Embolism) related to pancreatic cancer (/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer) . [5] (#cite_note-robit-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Perso Heinemann, Barbara (2008). Fashioning an Artful Life: One Woman's Life History in Clothes . University of Minnesota. pp. 107–108. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780549405054 . ^ (#cite_ref-daves_2-0) Daves, Jessica (1967). Ready-made miracle: the American story of fashion for the millions . Putnam. pp. 134–135. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lambert, Eleanor (1976). World of fashion : people, places, resources . New York: R.R. Bowker Co. p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780835206273 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ms. Mandell, Mr. Goldworm are Married at Makonikey" (http://mvgazette.com/news/2008/08/08/ms-mandell-mr-goldworm-are-married-makonikey?k=vg530b761bdebde&r=1) . Vineyard Gazette . 7 August 2008 . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . His late father was a fashion designer and executive for Goldworm Knitwear based in New York and Milan, Italy. He was awarded the Star of Solidarity and the title of commander by the Italian government. ^ Jump up to: a b "Robert Goldworm, 65; a Fashion Executive" (https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/08/obituaries/robert-goldworm-65-a-fashion-executive.html) . The New York Times . 8 December 1991 . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-gertobit_6-0) "Gertrude Goldworm, 85, Dies; Headed Sportswear Company" (https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/27/obituaries/gertrude-goldworm-85-dies-headed-sportswear-company.html) . The New York Times . 27 May 1983 . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . Further reading [ edit ] Emerson, Gloria (/wiki/Gloria_Emerson) (23 June 1958). "Mother-and-Son Designers Weaving a Success Story" (https://www.nytimes.com/1958/06/23/archives/motherandson-designers-weaving-a-success-story.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . (subscription required) Koshetz, Herbert (12 March 1972). "Import Link With Italy Becomes A Success; 7th Ave" (https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/12/archives/import-link-with-italy-becomes-a-success-7th-ave.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . (subscription required) Morris, Bernadine (2 January 1967). "New Knits: 'It's Like Dressing for Men Again' (https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/02/archives/new-knits-its-like-dressing-for-men-again.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/02/archives/new-knits-its-like-dressing-for-men-again.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . 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Lusekofte pattern Selburose (/wiki/Selburose) design Norwegian knitting ( strikking ) has a history dating from the 16th century. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Knitted garments found in Norway have been dated as far back as between 1476 and 1525. Some of the most well known sweater patterns attributed to Norwegian colorwork knitting are the Setesdal (/wiki/Setesdal) Lusekofte (/wiki/Lusekofte) and the Fana (/wiki/Fana) Fanacofte patterns. Selbu (/wiki/Selbu) in Trøndelag (/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag) county is also well known for the Selburose (/wiki/Selburose) pattern motif. Selbu mittens first appeared as a vertical column of two snowflakes on the front side of the mittens. The origin of these mittens is attributed to a young girl named Marit Emstad who in 1857 attended church wearing what we now know as Selbu mittens, effectively sparking the imagination of knitters at the time who had never seen anything like it before. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Today, there are over 300 registered mitten patterns attributed to Selbu (/wiki/Selbu) . There are several brands of Norwegian yarn available today for knitters, including Dale of Norway (/wiki/Dale_of_Norway) and Rauma Garn. Dale of Norway (/wiki/Dale_of_Norway) has been a manufacturer of ready wear sweaters, which have been worn by Norway's Olympic athletes since 1956. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Many of their sweater patterns most closely associated with knitted ski sweaters have been published in English by the manufacturing company. The heritage of Norwegian knitting has been preserved, documented and translated into English language history, and pattern books, that are available to modern knitters, mostly notably by the author Annemor Sundbø. The yarn factory Rauma Ullvarefabrikk has also released a substantial number of Norwegian knitting patterns translated into English. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] Selburose (/wiki/Selburose) Mariusgenser (/wiki/Mariusgenser) Lusekofte (/wiki/Lusekofte) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "strikking" (https://snl.no/strikking) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "lusekofte" (https://snl.no/lusekofte) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "fanakofte" (https://snl.no/fanakofte) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "strikking – strikkingens historie" (https://snl.no/strikking_-_strikkingens_historie) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "History of the Selbu Mitten" (http://thornews.com/2012/09/06/the-story-of-the-selbu-mitten-selbuvotten/) . ThorNews . 6 September 2012 . Retrieved 24 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Morten Haugen. "Selbu" (https://snl.no/Selbu) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Knitting Traditions" (http://www.knittingtraditions.com/knitting-resources/knitting-traditions/norwegian/) . Beth Brown-Reinsel . Retrieved 24 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Astrid Santa (ed.). "Norse Folk Museum of Oslo" (http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Exhibits/Permanent-exhibits/The-Marius-Sweater/) . Norsk Folkemuseum . Retrieved 24 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Trond Gram. "Dale of Norway" (https://snl.no/Dale_of_Norway) . Store norske leksikon . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Annemor Sundbø" (https://annemor.com/english/) . annemor.com . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Rauma Ullvarefabrikk" (http://visitandalsnes.com/en/rauma-yarn-factory/) . visitandalsnes.com . Retrieved December 1, 2017 . Other sources [ edit ] Janine Kosel; Sue Flanders; Laurann Gilbertson (2012). Norwegian Handknits: Heirloom Designs from Vesterheim Museum . (Voyageur Press). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0760342558 . Annemore Sundbø (2001). Everyday Knitting: Treasures from a Rag Pile . (Torridal Tweed). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 8299465710 . Annemore Sundbø (2001). Setesdal Sweaters: The History of the Norwegian Lice Pattern . (Torridal Tweed). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 8299465729 . Annemore Sundbø (2007). Invisible Threads in Knitting . (Torridal Tweed). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 8299465737 . Annemore Sundbø; Carol Huebscher Rhoades (2010). Strikking i billedkunsten - Knitting in Art . (Torridal Tweed). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8299465755 . External links [ edit ] Fair Isle and Norwegian Knitting: Lets Get Started (http://fairisleknitting.blogspot.com/) Hillesvag Yarn (http://www.nordicfiberarts.com/yarns/hifa2.html) (used by the Solveig Hisdal in her book "Poetry in Stitches".) v t e Knitting (/wiki/Knitting) Tools and materials Knitting needle (/wiki/Knitting_needle) Knitting needle cap (/wiki/Knitting_needle_cap) Needle gauge (/wiki/Hook_gauge) List of yarns for crochet and knitting (/wiki/List_of_yarns_for_crochet_and_knitting) Row counter (/wiki/Row_counter_(hand_knitting)) Stitch holder (/wiki/Stitch_holder) Yarn (/wiki/Yarn) styles Bouclé (/wiki/Boucl%C3%A9) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash_yarn) Lopi (/wiki/Lopi_(knitting)) Novelty (/wiki/Novelty_yarns) Variegated (/wiki/Variegated_yarn) Yarn brands Coats Group (/wiki/Coats_Group) Eisaku Noro Company (/wiki/Eisaku_Noro_Company) Kraemer Yarns (/wiki/Kraemer_Textiles_Inc.) Lion Brand Yarns (/wiki/Lion_Brand_Yarns) Patons and Baldwins (/wiki/Patons_and_Baldwins) Styles Circular (/wiki/Circular_knitting) Combined (/wiki/Combined_knitting) Continental (/wiki/Continental_knitting) English (/wiki/English_knitting) Flat (/wiki/Flat_knitting) Norwegian Warp (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stitches Stockinette/Stocking stitch (/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics#Stockinette/stocking_stitch_and_reverse_stockinette_stitch) Garter (/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics#Garter_stitch) Decrease (/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)) Dip stitch (/wiki/Dip_stitch) Elongated stitch (/wiki/Elongated_stitch) Increase (/wiki/Increase_(knitting)) Loop knitting (/wiki/Loop_knitting) Plaited stitch (/wiki/Plaited_stitch_(knitting)) Yarn over (/wiki/Yarn_over) Techniques Arm knitting (/wiki/Arm_knitting) Basketweave (/wiki/Basketweave_(knitting)) Bead knitting (/wiki/Bead_knitting) Bias knitting (/wiki/Bias_knitting) Binding/Casting off (/wiki/Binding_off) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_(knitting)) Brioche knitting (/wiki/Brioche_knitting) Buttonhole (/wiki/Buttonhole_(knitting)) Cables (/wiki/Cable_knitting) Casting on (/wiki/Casting_on_(knitting)) Double knitting (/wiki/Double_knitting) Drop-stitch knitting (/wiki/Drop-stitch_knitting) Entrelac (/wiki/Entrelac) Faggoting (/wiki/Faggoting_(knitting)) Finger knitting (/wiki/Finger_knitting) Gather (/wiki/Gather_(knitting)) Gauge (/wiki/Gauge_(knitting)) Grafting (/wiki/Grafting_(knitting)) Hand knitting (/wiki/Hand_knitting) Hemming (/wiki/Hem_(knitting)) Illusion knitting (/wiki/Illusion_knitting) Lace (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Medallion knitting (/wiki/Medallion_knitting) Picking up stitches (/wiki/Pick_up_stitches_(knitting)) Pleat (/wiki/Pleat_(knitting)) Ribbing (/wiki/Ribbing_(knitting)) Short row (/wiki/Short_row_(knitting)) Slip-stitch knitting (/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting) Spool knitting (/wiki/Spool_knitting) Steek (/wiki/Steek) Three needle bindoff (/wiki/Three_needle_bindoff) Thrumming (/wiki/Thrumming_(textiles)) Tuck (/wiki/Tuck_(knitting)) Twined (/wiki/Twined_knitting) Weaving (/wiki/Weaving_(knitting)) Welting (/wiki/Welting_(knitting)) Patterns Aran (/wiki/Aran_jumper) Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) Fair Isle (/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)) Intarsia (/wiki/Intarsia_(knitting)) Machine knitting Complete garment knitting (/wiki/Complete_garment_knitting) Fully fashioned knitting (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_knitting) Knitting machine (/wiki/Knitting_machine) Knitting Nancy (/wiki/Knitting_Nancy) Stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) William Lee (inventor) (/wiki/William_Lee_(inventor)) Knitters and designers Sam Barsky (/wiki/Sam_Barsky) Nicky Epstein (/wiki/Nicky_Epstein) Kaffe Fassett (/wiki/Kaffe_Fassett) Marianne Kinzel (/wiki/Marianne_Kinzel) Herbert Niebling (/wiki/Herbert_Niebling) Shannon Okey (/wiki/Shannon_Okey) Stephanie Pearl-McPhee (/wiki/Stephanie_Pearl-McPhee) Alice Starmore (/wiki/Alice_Starmore) Debbie Stoller (/wiki/Debbie_Stoller) Meg Swansen (/wiki/Meg_Swansen) Barbara G. Walker (/wiki/Barbara_G._Walker) Elizabeth Zimmermann (/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann) Organizations I Knit London (/wiki/I_Knit_London) Knitta (/wiki/Knitta_Please) Knitting clubs (/wiki/Knitting_clubs) Knitty (/wiki/Knitty) Ravelry (/wiki/Ravelry) Revolutionary Knitting Circle (/wiki/Revolutionary_Knitting_Circle) Stitch 'n Bitch (/wiki/Stitch_%27n_Bitch) UK Hand Knitting Association (/wiki/UK_Hand_Knitting_Association) World Wide Knit in Public Day (/wiki/World_Wide_Knit_in_Public_Day) The Knitting Guild Association (/wiki/The_Knitting_Guild_Association) Related Basic knitted fabrics (/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics) Blocking (/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)) Dye lot (/wiki/Dye_lot) History (/wiki/History_of_knitting) Knitted fabric (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) Knitting abbreviations (/wiki/Knitting_abbreviations) List of knitting stitches (/wiki/List_of_knitting_stitches) Selvage (/wiki/Selvage_(knitting)) Yarn bombing (/wiki/Yarn_bombing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐2r6bt Cached time: 20240712191102 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.358 seconds Real time usage: 1.458 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 722/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39776/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 89/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58634/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3725713/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 327.967 1 -total 54.76% 179.584 1 Template:Reflist 46.38% 152.108 11 Template:Cite_web 33.32% 109.264 1 Template:Knitting 32.45% 106.425 1 Template:Navbox 11.68% 38.309 5 Template:Cite_book 0.63% 2.051 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49398299-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712191102 and revision id 1189375421. 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Award Magasin du Nord Fashion Prize Awarded for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Sponsored by Magasin (/wiki/Magasin_du_Nord) Location Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Country Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Presented by Magasin Foundation (/wiki/Magasin_du_Nord) Reward(s) DKK (/wiki/Danish_krone) 500,000 First awarded 2013 ; 11 years ago ( 2013 ) Last awarded 2018 ; 6 years ago ( 2018 ) Most awards Anne Sofie Madsen (/wiki/Anne_Sofie_Madsen) Television/radio coverage Network Fashion Week TV (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Produced by Magasin Foundation The Magasin du Nord Fashion Prize is awarded annually by the Magasin Foundation (/wiki/Magasin_du_Nord) to an up and coming Danish fashion designer or brand. The winner receives DKK (/wiki/Danish_krone) 300,000 and a fashion show during Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) in February the following year. History [ edit ] The fashion award was first presented under the name Dansk Design Talent (Danish Design Talent) by the Magasin Foundation in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-FF2913-1) The award was from 2015 rebranded in a partnership with the fashion magazine Dansk under the name Dansk Design Talent - Magasin Prisen. It changed its name to the Magasin du Nord Fashion Prize in 2017. Selection process [ edit ] The nominees are selected by a panel of Danish design business and branding specialists. The final winner is selected by an international jury based on criteria such as design, brand value and business plan. [2] (#cite_note-FF2017-2) Laureates and nominees [ edit ] Year Laureate Nominees Ref 2013 Anne Sofie Madsen (/wiki/Anne_Sofie_Madsen) Asger Juel Larsen (/w/index.php?title=Asger_Juel_Larsen&action=edit&redlink=1) , Nikoline Liv Andersen, Astrid Andersen (/w/index.php?title=Astrid_Andersen&action=edit&redlink=1) [1] (#cite_note-FF2913-1) 2014 Mark Kenly Domino Tan (/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kenly_Domino_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1) Freya Dalsjø, Kjetil Aas, Trine Lindegaard [3] (#cite_note-3) 2015 Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure_(brand)) Tatiana Andersen Camre, Nicholas Nybro, Maikel Tawadros [4] (#cite_note-4) 2016 Cecilie Bahnsen (/w/index.php?title=Cecilie_Bahnsen&action=edit&redlink=1) Ellen Pedersen, Muf10, Saks Potts [5] (#cite_note-5) 2017 Lærke Andersen (/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A6rke_Andersen&action=edit&redlink=1) Clouds, Randy Collection, All At Sea [2] (#cite_note-FF2017-2) 2018 Emilie Helmstedt (/w/index.php?title=Emilie_Helmstedt&action=edit&redlink=1) Blanche Christine Hyun Mi Nielsen 2021 A. Roege Hove (/w/index.php?title=A._Roege_Hove&action=edit&redlink=1) (di)vision, Berner Kühl, Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Anne Sofie Madsen vinder Dansk Design Talent 2013" (https://fashionforum.dk/2013/10/04/anne-sofie-madsen-vinder-dansk-design-talent-2013/) (in Danish). Fashion Forum . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Og vinderen er: Lærke Andersen" (https://fashionforum.dk/2017/10/27/vinderen-laerke-andersen/) (in Danish). Fashion Forum . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mark Kenly Domino Tan vinder DANSK Design Talent – Magasin Prisen" (https://fashionforum.dk/2014/10/10/mark-kenly-domino-tan-vinder-dansk-design-talent-magasin-prisen/) (in Danish). Fashion Forum . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tonsure vinder Dansk Design Talent – Magasin Prisen" (https://fashionforum.dk/2015/10/23/tonsure-vinder-dansk-design-talent-magasin-prisen/) (in Danish). Fashion Forum . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cecilie Bahnsen vinder Dansk Design Talent – Magasin Prisenen" (https://fashionforum.dk/2016/10/28/cecilie-bahnsen-vinder-dansk-design-talent-magasin-prisen/) (in Danish). Fashion Forum . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . 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< Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Project‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. This is an archive (/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page) of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. 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(January 2009 - December 2009) - Please Do not edit! __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Milestone_Announcements-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Milestone Announcements","linkableTitle":"Milestone Announcements"} Milestone Announcements __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Milestone_Announcements-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements","timestamp":"2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Milestone_Announcements-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Milestone Announcements","linkableTitle":"Milestone Announcements"} All WikiProjects are invited to have their "milestone-reached" announcements automatically placed onto Wikipedia's announcements page (/wiki/Wikipedia:ANN) . Milestones could include the number of FAs (/wiki/Wikipedia:FA) , GAs (/wiki/Wikipedia:GA) or articles covered by the project. No work need be done by the project themselves; they just need to provide some details when they sign up. A bot (/wiki/Wikipedia:BOT) will do all of the hard work. Click here for more information or to sign your project up. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LivingBot/ProjectSignup) I thought this WikiProject might be interested. Ping me with any specific queries or leave them on the page linked to above. Thanks! - Jarry1250 (/wiki/User:Jarry1250) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:Jarry1250) , c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Jarry1250) ) 21:50, 1 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z","author":"Jarry1250","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Jarry1250-2009-02-01T21:50:00.000Z-Milestone_Announcements","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hi-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Hi","linkableTitle":"Hi"} Hi __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hi-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi","timestamp":"2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Hi-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","replies":["c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Hi","linkableTitle":"Hi"} Hell Tyra my name is Angele Chapman. I am from Guyana South America and I am a uge fan of your show i wish if i can see it every day but I cant cause I have to go to work I am a chef when I dont have to work in the morning's I trow back with a bole of pop -corn or some chip and enjoy your show keep up the good work that you are doing bye. —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 190.80.49.78 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/190.80.49.78) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:190.80.49.78&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 18:21, 3 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z","author":"190.80.49.78","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-190.80.49.78-2009-02-03T18:21:00.000Z-Hi","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_model_templates-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fashion model templates","linkableTitle":"Fashion model templates"} Fashion model templates __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_model_templates-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates","timestamp":"2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_model_templates-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fashion model templates","linkableTitle":"Fashion model templates"} See discussions on fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) templates at Talk:Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue#End_the_sexism_now_-_Swimsuit_Issue (/wiki/Talk:Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue#End_the_sexism_now_-_Swimsuit_Issue) and Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion#End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion#End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates) .-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 07:56, 16 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:56:00.000Z-Fashion_model_templates","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"End the sexism now - Magazine templates","linkableTitle":"End the sexism now - Magazine templates"} End the sexism now - Magazine templates __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","timestamp":"2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__14__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__5__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"End the sexism now - Magazine templates","linkableTitle":"End the sexism now - Magazine templates"} (Discussion moved from Talk:Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Talk:Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue#End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates) ) I have noticed that the top female fashion models (/wiki/Fashion_model) of my generation ( Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) , Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) and Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) to name a few) have no templates on their pages. This is contrary to standard practice on wikipedia because in most fields, the elite leaders of the field are linked by templates about the things in that field that are considered significant. Model templates get deleted for some reason that does not make sense to me. I think models are unfairly treated in terms of template and category discussions. Models are most highly regarded for cover appearances on elite fashion magazines, for being spokespersons for fashion brands and for doing runway shows. I think the top fashion magazines should have templates — possibly for twenty year periods. I am considering doing Template:2000-2019 Vogue Magazine covers (/w/index.php?title=Template:2000-2019_Vogue_Magazine_covers&action=edit&redlink=1) and Template:1980-1999 Vogue Magazine covers (/w/index.php?title=Template:1980-1999_Vogue_Magazine_covers&action=edit&redlink=1) templates. I don't think every fashion magazine cover should be done this way, but the ones that are standards by which fashionistas are measured should be allowed. The standard format should have one list (row in the template) per year, should only include persons seen "above the fold" so that they are visible on newsstands and should exclude small information about inset pictures. I am trying to start a discussion. Since a related discussion is occurring above I am posting this here.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 07:52, 16 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z"]}} I think this is an awful idea. At least now, magazine covers are a pretty bad measure of how important a model is. The last issue of Vogue had Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) on its cover, and the next one will be of Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) . It's actually been some time since US Vogue had any model on its cover. (Now maybe that happens about once a year, maybe less frequently.) And which magazines are we going to use? US Vogue? French Vogue? Italian Vogue? British Vogue? There are simply too many magazines. The problem isn't sexism, it's that there are no even reasonably objective measures of a model's importance. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 22:08, 16 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T07:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:28:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z","c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z"]}} I have not yet heard that argument. Regardless of who is on a cover in any given month, magazine covers are and always have been what models use to distinguish themselves as supermodels (/wiki/Supermodel) . If Cindy Crawford had one or two templates from each of the Vogue franchises that you mentioned it would probably be representative of her significance as a model. Only a few very elite models would have all of the magazines that you mention and each of them is recognized as an elite supermodel. All that is necessary is a reasonable discussion of what the major covers are. If there is an agreement on any number not exceeding eight or ten, this is doable. It would be no different than agreeing on the Men's major golf championships (/wiki/Men%27s_major_golf_championships) , the Grand Slam (tennis) (/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)) or World Marathon Majors (/wiki/World_Marathon_Majors) . I am probably going to get around to making Marathon Major templates, but that is another issuee. Again this is no different than linking other fields. Look at athletes like Charles Woodson (/wiki/Charles_Woodson) or Rickey Henderson (/wiki/Rickey_Henderson) . We don't run around saying their templates are inappropriate. Look at Time Person of the Year (/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year) since 2002. We have whistleblowers (/wiki/Whistleblower) (2002), United States Armed Forces (/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces) (2003), Good samaritans (/wiki/Good_samaritan) in (2005) and Us (2006). Does this mean we should nominate Template:Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025 (/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_2001%E2%80%932025) for WP:TFD (/wiki/Wikipedia:TFD) . As for your statement that "there are no even reasonably objective measures of a model's importance", models count covers. That is probably what we should go by. We should use a method of linking models based on magazine covers because that is the metric. We have adult model templates for Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) and Penthouse (/wiki/Penthouse) even though there are dozens of other magazines we don't have templates for them. Fashion models likewise should have templates just for the elite magazines.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 23:28, 16 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:28:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-16T23:28:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:28:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z","replies":[]}} P.S. I see no problem with Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) or Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) being on the templates or having the templates on their pages.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 23:29, 16 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-16T22:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z"]}} I've been sidetracked onto this issue thanx to a conversation on the templates for the US Conference of Mayors, and I've just promised another user a major piece of work, so I can't spend too much time on this. However, after getting over my initial shock ( there's a navbox for Sports Illustrated swimsuit covers? Yikes?!) and putting my "grown-up" hat on, I genuinely can't see any real reason for deleting this navbox(es), and I further note that if TonyTheTiger is willing to expend time and effort on doing this, then good luck to him/her. I will note that I much prefer the versions by year (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/sandbox/SISwimsuit) to the version by decade (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Template:2000-2009SISwimsuit) , because the latter is a navbox bloat accident waiting to happen, but that's a detail, not a principle (would nested navboxes be useful here?). As for the specific question for which Vogue (US? Italy? France? UK?) the answer is simple: do one for each one. I'm not sure the "sexism" charge holds water: the models exist, the covers exist, the navbox is a method of navigating from one to the other and the navbox per se is neither sexist nor non-sexist (I'd argue the concept of a swimsuit cover is sexist, but that's not an argument against the navbox ). A fuller rationale behind my support (albeit on a different subject) can be seen here (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2009_February_12&diff=prev&oldid=271258588) . Regards, Anameofmyveryown (/wiki/User:Anameofmyveryown) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Anameofmyveryown) ) 03:20, 17 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z","author":"Anameofmyveryown","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-16T23:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z"]}} I do not know which Vogue's are major. I actually don't think doing them all is necessarily the way to go. Before you know it every magazine at http://www.fashionwatch.com/newstand/2009/february/index.shtml (http://www.fashionwatch.com/newstand/2009/february/index.shtml) and then some will have templates. What is needed is a determination of what the truly elite mag covers are. Golf and Tennis don't have templates for any events except the majors. The marathons currently only have some of their majors (I will do a couple soon). I think what is needed is a determination of what the top top mags are and declare those as the fashion modelling majors. I imagine it will be a subset of the various editions of Vogue (magazine) (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Mademoiselle (magazine) (/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle) , Glamour (magazine) (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , and Cosmopolitan (magazine) (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , but I am just guessing. I do know that American Vogue is a major. I would need input beyond that. Maybe it would just be the four editions of Vogue . I don't know. However, we need the fashion major mags to have templates for equitable treatment of fashion models.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 03:43, 17 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z-Anameofmyveryown-2009-02-17T03:20:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z"]}} I have started designing User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2019BritishVogueCovers (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2019BritishVogueCovers) . I also looked at the Chicago Public Library (/wiki/Chicago_Public_Library) holdings as well as some suburban public libaries and notice that Vogue Espana seems to be held and not French Vogue as the fourth or so Vogue. One library even had a Russian Vogue that I do not remember. I do not know which Vogues are important, but I imagine it could have dozens of versions and want to make sure we get the right major ones. Any advice would be appreciated.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 21:51, 19 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-17T03:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T21:45:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z"]}} No, spanish vogue is not even near the stature of french vogue. See my sandbox article User:Calliopejen1/Vogue Paris (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen1/Vogue_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1) just moved to Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) for more info on French Vogue. And mademoiselle, glamour, and cosmopolitan have very little to do with fashion. Top models generally don't do those covers. I still believe this info should be on a list, if anywhere... Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 21:45, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T21:45:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T21:45:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":7,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T21:45:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-19T21:51:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I thought wikipedia was supposed to be a collection of the sum of human knowledge, therefore any additional information for any topic should be encouraged. If the Wikipedia users are going to nitpick what should and shouldn't be included into the human lexicon than wikipedia no longer stands for what it originally had in mind. If a person(s) is willing to put in the time and effort to add/organize any information, Wikipedia should welcome it. The addition of information far, FAR, exceeds the argument of clutter, importance, or necessity so long as the information is well organized & true. I fully support this idea. Gutch220 (/wiki/User:Gutch220) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Gutch220) ) 20:48, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z","author":"Gutch220","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z"]}} (Copied from User_talk:TonyTheTiger#Model_navboxes with one link added) I still am not really convinced of the need for navboxes, but don't oppose them so much I want to make a fuss about it... If you're making navboxes the top four fashion magazines really are US Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , and British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) (though that one probably just sneaks under the wire). Maybe a runner-up is Elle but it doesn't really have the reputation of being high fashion material. More commercial, maybe like British Vogue is more commercial. Mademoiselle, Glamour, and Cosmo are really "women's" magazines rather than fashion magazines. Those definitely shouldn't have navboxes. Any other Vogues you see probably aren't worth navboxing. The Spanish Vogue is particularly lame, in my mind--for their January issue, they reused content that had been in American vogue in September if I remember correctly! The Vogue article says there are 19 different Vogues, which sounds about right. The problem with the navboxes as I see them is that covers are one very limited metric of models' success. Just as important are campaigns, fashion shows (bonus points if you "open" or "close", or if you're new and you're an exclusive), and editorials (in US vogue models are never on the cover, but being in one of the editorials is a big deal-- oh and fyi "editorial" refers not to text but the photo shoot pages toward the end). And there's no way the editors of the Michelle Obama article are going to let you stick a Vogue navbox there! I'd limit these to the model pages. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 22:00, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":8,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z-Gutch220-2009-02-20T20:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z"]}} , and an aesthetic/functionality point - I think one decade is enough per infobox, so it's not ginormously huge. Most models aren't active for that long anyways, so it's not a problem to make a lot of infoboxes. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 22:34, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":9,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z"]}} (ec)Look at almost every person who you feel is a world renown leader in their field and you will see a lot of navboxes. No one navbox is suppose to be the whole picture of the person. For fashion models right now there is one runway template as I see it. If you have starred in the Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) fashion show you are on Template:Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Template:Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) . For fashion models, runway shows are one way to be successful. I think there should be some way for me to understand whether a model was a leader for her generation at a glance like in most other fields. In sports, politics, acting, and several other fields I can tell who is successful by glancing at Navboxes. It helps the reader. Look at User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2019BritishVogueCovers (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2019BritishVogueCovers) and tell me if you were reading about fashion models whether it would be a service to WP to have such a template. Then ask do you think there are WP readers who use WP to look up information on fashion models. If fashion project people agree that these are the four then I will try to go with them and hope people find them useful. I may only be able to help with British and US. I will probably have to spend an afternoon at the Chicago Public Libarary (/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Public_Libarary&action=edit&redlink=1) to create US so I want as much feedback as possible in hopes of getting the right major mags. I am glad you are certain of your four even after my questioning. It makes me feel like I am talking to someone who knows the deal. I am surprised models are never on the cover of US Vogue. I will have to look at what the navbox looks like. I think most people on the cover of British Vogue would want to have such a template. BTW, you should research the Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) editors by going to [1] (http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/) choosing en.WP and entering her page name. See who the editors are that you think might take the template away. So you are telling me I am not going to see Kate Moss twice a year on US Vogue.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 22:48, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":10,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:57:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z"]}} Actually, I would prefer to go to 25 direction than 10, but these navboxes only hold 20 lists. The reason being is that for balance in terms of overall WP significance, a cover model can span twenty years. I recall living on the Upper East Side (/wiki/Upper_East_Side) in 1992 and seeing Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) draped like a scarf all over Mark Wahlberg (/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg) on a billboard every day when I walked home from work. She is still at the top of the heap. If we do decades she will have a 1990s, 2000s and 2010s for each mag possibly. That would be a dozen — just for these four mag covers. It would be out of balance with other WP bios that have a dozen. Does Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) even have a dozen? We need to keep this in balance with the rest of WP. That may be part of why I have had trouble with my Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Swimsuit_Issue) templates.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 22:57, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:57:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:57:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":11,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:57:00.000Z-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-20T22:48:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Considering that many of the "models" are not profesional models at all, would a category not be better? Linking people via higly visible navboxes in articles due to extremely minor links between them seems too much to me. Some people may be interested in getting info on all cover models, so i see the usefulness of the category, but it will be very few readers of Michelle Obama that really want to read about even elite supermodels, let alone the less famous ones from foriegn countries. Yob Mod 17:17, 23 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z","author":"Yobmod","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Yobmod-2009-04-23T17:17:00.000Z-End_the_sexism_now_-_Magazine_templates","replies":[],"displayName":"Yob"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Badge,_button,_pin?-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Badge, button, pin?","linkableTitle":"Badge, button, pin?"} Badge, button, pin? __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Badge,_button,_pin?-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z","timestamp":"2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__11__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__7__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Badge,_button,_pin?-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Badge, button, pin?","linkableTitle":"Badge, button, pin?"} Hello. I just noticed that we don't seem to have an article that covers the general concept of "a little thing you pin to your clothes for one of various reasons". In British English, the generic sense is covered by "badge"; I believe in American English it would be "button". I'll be using "badge" in this comment as it's the word I'm comfortable with as a Brit. The articles we have at the moment are: Badge (/wiki/Badge) - service, membership and accomplishment badges Award pin (/wiki/Award_pin) - badges signifying awards Lapel pin (/wiki/Lapel_pin) - small badges signifying political allegiances Campaign button (/wiki/Campaign_button) - large badges worn during election campaigns to indicate support. All of these are subclasses of the generic thing-you-pin. We don't currently seem to have an article describing fashion badges, of the kind you might buy at (random Google hit) 50p Badges (http://www.50pbadges.com/) . So, my question is, what should we call the generic badge/button article? It will presumably lend its name to a category as well, so should be named carefully. I'm going to put a link to this discussion on the talk pages of the articles mentioned above, as well as a request for comment tag here. Thanks, — Hex (❝ ?! ❞) 19:55, 17 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","author":"Hex","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","replies":["c-OrangeDog-2009-02-18T14:11:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","c-Stepshep-2009-02-20T21:40:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z"]}} Pin badges? – OrangeDog (/wiki/User:OrangeDog) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:OrangeDog) • edits (/wiki/Special:Contributions/OrangeDog) ) 14:11, 18 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-OrangeDog-2009-02-18T14:11:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-18T14:11:00.000Z","author":"OrangeDog","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-OrangeDog-2009-02-18T14:11:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Pin (decoration) (/w/index.php?title=Pin_(decoration)&action=edit&redlink=1) or similar sounds reasonable. §hep Talk 21:40, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Stepshep-2009-02-20T21:40:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T21:40:00.000Z","author":"Stepshep","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Stepshep-2009-02-20T21:40:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-17T19:55:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"\u00a7hep"}} Note that we also have Brooch (/wiki/Brooch) , which sometimes is a pin/badge type thing also. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 22:02, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z"]}} oh and fyi I don't think there is a general word in American English that conveys all the senses you wan to convey. A button in my mind is round and probably metal. A pin is a general term, but normally I don't think I would call what I think of as a button "pin". Decorative, jeweled ones are either pins or brooches. "Badge" to me is something you sew on a uniform, and has nothing to do with any of this. I would say the broadest word in American English is probably pin. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 22:30, 20 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:02:00.000Z","replies":["c-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z"]}} That's the thing, you see - "pin" in British English is a safety pin, hatpin or thumbtack (drawing pin), never an (American) button. So we have to find a compromise somewhere, because otherwise one set of English speakers is going to get confused. — Hex (❝ ?! ❞) 20:51, 23 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z","author":"Hex","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-02-20T22:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z","c-Livewireo-2009-03-17T15:26:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z"]}} British perspective here. A badge is basically a symbol or motif, isn't it, whether it's sewn on or pinned on? I suggest that we go by badge = symbol or motif, and include pins in it, and for novelty badges/"pins" maybe there should be something saying "For badges as pins, see novelty badge (/w/index.php?title=Novelty_badge&action=edit&redlink=1) " (or [[badge (novelty}]]. It may also be an idea to have disambiguation pages for pin and/or badge, and have different pages for the two different types of badge? I do like Shep's suggestion of Pin (decoration) (/w/index.php?title=Pin_(decoration)&action=edit&redlink=1) (perhaps Pin (fashion accessory) (/w/index.php?title=Pin_(fashion_accessory)&action=edit&redlink=1) ?) as a title for the main article on badges, as this title can cover hatpins, stick pins, tie pins, etc, as well as badges, and act as a hub to direct readers to the main articles on those objects. Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 02:18, 24 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-16T23:36:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z"]}} British English: badges can be sewn on (esp. Scouting badges), but these are also commonly known as patches. A badge is most usually the round metal decorative objects attached using pins, like this (http://www.chinawholesalegift.com/pic/Promotional-Gifts/Badges-Pins/Pins/Pins-badges-21105472135.jpg) . "Pins" or "pin badges" are lapel pin badges, held on with the specific type of pin seen here (http://www.family-crests.com/ProductImages/scottish-clan-crests/lapel-badge-pin/clan-crest-pin-badge.jpg) . "Buttons" is not used much, but applies to smaller badges the size of attachment buttons (/wiki/Buttons) . Why not have Category:Buttons, badges and pins ? The pages Badge (/wiki/Badge) , Campaign button (/wiki/Campaign_button) , Lapel pin (/wiki/Lapel_pin) , Award pin (/wiki/Award_pin) , Pin (disambiguation) (/wiki/Pin_(disambiguation)) , etc. all need a lot of work, especially to link them all together coherently. We should also pay heed to and link to Wiktionary, i.e. [2] (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/badge) , [3] (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pin) and [4] (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/button) Fences and windows (/wiki/User:Fences_and_windows) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fences_and_windows) ) 23:36, 16 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-16T23:36:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-16T23:36:00.000Z","author":"Fences and windows","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-16T23:36:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-02-24T02:18:00.000Z","replies":[]}} In all seriousness: Flair (/wiki/Flair) ? Livewireo (/wiki/User:Livewireo) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Livewireo) ) 15:26, 17 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Livewireo-2009-03-17T15:26:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-17T15:26:00.000Z","author":"Livewireo","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Livewireo-2009-03-17T15:26:00.000Z-Hex-2009-02-23T20:51:00.000Z","replies":[]}} A la Office Space (/wiki/Office_Space) ! “ Peter Gibbons: Doesn't it bother you that you have to get up in the morning and you have to put on a bunch of pieces of flair? Joanna: Yeah, but I'm not about to go in and start taking money from the register. Peter Gibbons: Well, maybe you should. You know, the Nazis had pieces of flair that they made the Jews wear. ” Fences and windows (/wiki/User:Fences_and_windows) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fences_and_windows) ) 23:06, 17 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z","author":"Fences and windows","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z-Badge,_button,_pin?","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z"]}} I've never heard them called flairs/flares before, although I think I HAVE heard of "flashes". But yeah - I'm in the UK, and never heard of badges = flair/flare before, a quick grassroots survey of friends on MSN suggests nobody else has either...! Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 00:49, 18 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-18T00:49:00.000Z-Fences_and_windows-2009-03-17T23:06:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vogue_Cover_Help-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Vogue Cover Help","linkableTitle":"Vogue Cover Help"} Vogue Cover Help __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vogue_Cover_Help-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help","timestamp":"2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vogue_Cover_Help-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Vogue Cover Help","linkableTitle":"Vogue Cover Help"} We are trying to create templates for fashion models. We need your help. For the templates below use the following links User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2009VogueCovers (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/2000-2009VogueCovers) and User:TonyTheTiger/1990-1999VogueCovers (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/1990-1999VogueCovers) . For starters, we could use help filling in the following: (transclusions redacted per TFD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2009_August_14#Vogue_covers) ) -- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 21:50, 21 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-02-21T21:50:00.000Z-Vogue_Cover_Help","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Coordinators'_working_group-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Coordinators' working group","linkableTitle":"Coordinators' working group"} Coordinators' working group __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Coordinators'_working_group-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group","timestamp":"2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Coordinators'_working_group-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Coordinators' working group","linkableTitle":"Coordinators' working group"} Hi! I'd like to draw your attention to the new WikiProject coordinators' working group (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Coordinators%27_working_group) , an effort to bring both official and unofficial WikiProject coordinators together so that the projects can more easily develop consensus and collaborate. This group has been created after discussion regarding possible changes to the A-Class review system, and that may be one of the first things discussed by interested coordinators. All designated project coordinators are invited to join this working group. If your project hasn't formally designated any editors as coordinators, but you are someone who regularly deals with coordination tasks in the project, please feel free to join as well. — Delievered by §hepBot ( Disable ) on behalf of the WikiProject coordinators' working group at 05:24, 28 February 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z","author":"ShepBot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-ShepBot-2009-02-28T05:24:00.000Z-Coordinators'_working_group","replies":[],"displayName":"\u00a7hepBot"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Valentina-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z-Valentina","c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Valentina","linkableTitle":"Valentina"} Valentina __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Valentina-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z-Valentina","c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina","timestamp":"2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Valentina-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z-Valentina","c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Valentina","linkableTitle":"Valentina"} An editor has suggested merging Valentina (fashion designer) (/wiki/Valentina_(fashion_designer)) and Valentina Schlee (/wiki/Valentina_Schlee) . I think the merger is a non-brainer, but I would like others' thoughts on which article title should be used. Please commemt here (/wiki/Talk:Valentina_(fashion_designer)) . - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:PKM) ) 01:06, 2 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z-Valentina) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2009-03-02T01:06:00.000Z-Valentina","replies":[]}} Definitely merge the two, but I would suggest Valentina (fashion designer) (/wiki/Valentina_(fashion_designer)) as the main site. She's much better known just as "Valentina". I hadn't even known her surname! Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 10:32, 2 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-02T10:32:00.000Z-Valentina","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Cutting the Fabric for the Cravat","linkableTitle":"Cutting the Fabric for the Cravat"} Cutting the Fabric for the Cravat __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat","timestamp":"2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Cutting the Fabric for the Cravat","linkableTitle":"Cutting the Fabric for the Cravat"} Is a Cravat cut on the Bias? —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 96.22.7.191 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/96.22.7.191) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:96.22.7.191&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 21:46, 4 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z","author":"96.22.7.191","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-96.22.7.191-2009-03-04T21:46:00.000Z-Cutting_the_Fabric_for_the_Cravat","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Anyone_want_to_vote?-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z-Anyone_want_to_vote?"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Anyone want to vote?","linkableTitle":"Anyone want to vote?"} Anyone want to vote? __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Anyone_want_to_vote?-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z-Anyone_want_to_vote?"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mbinebri-2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","timestamp":"2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Anyone_want_to_vote?-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z-Anyone_want_to_vote?"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Anyone want to vote?","linkableTitle":"Anyone want to vote?"} A TfD closes in a couple days and right now it's looking like a no-consensus, so I just thought I'd plug the discussion here to see if anyone wants to join in to get a more decisive keep or delete ruling. It's listed here (/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2009_March_4) . Mbinebri talk ← (/wiki/User_talk:Mbinebri) 23:00, 10 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z-Anyone_want_to_vote?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","author":"Mbinebri","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z-Anyone_want_to_vote?","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z"]}} The debate has been relisted. Here (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion#Template:Models.com) is a new link. Mbinebri talk ← (/wiki/User_talk:Mbinebri) 15:25, 12 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mbinebri-2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z","author":"Mbinebri","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Mbinebri-2009-03-12T15:25:00.000Z-Mbinebri-2009-03-10T23:00:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_alerts-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Article alerts","linkableTitle":"Article alerts"} Article alerts (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_alerts) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_alerts-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts","timestamp":"2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_alerts-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Article alerts","linkableTitle":"Article alerts"} This is a notice to let you know about Article alerts (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_alerts) , a fully-automated (/wiki/Wikipedia:BOTS) subscription-based news delivery system designed to notify WikiProjects and Taskforces when articles are entering Articles for deletion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion) , Requests for comment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment) , Peer review (/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review) and other workflows ( full list (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_alerts#Workflows_covered) ). 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Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 20:41, 19 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-03-19T20:41:00.000Z-Article_alerts","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Request for reconsidering the quality of Obi (sash)","linkableTitle":"Request for reconsidering the quality of Obi (sash)"} Request for reconsidering the quality of Obi (sash) (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)","timestamp":"2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Request for reconsidering the quality of Obi (sash)","linkableTitle":"Request for reconsidering the quality of Obi (sash)"} Hi, I just made a huge edit (+ 30KB) on the article Obi (sash) (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) , currently rated "Start" for quality. My edit is basically a total re-write of the article and based on the Finnish version, which was also mostly written by me. I'd like to see Obi (sash) re-evaluated for its quality and, maybe, to nominate it for Good status... It will need work as I am not a native speaker of English and my translation from fi to en might not produce the level of language required for GA. I'd be delighted to have some help with the article, or suggestions regarding it. Pitke (/wiki/User:Pitke) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Pitke) ) 20:00, 18 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z","author":"Pitke","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Pitke-2009-03-18T20:00:00.000Z-Request_for_reconsidering_the_quality_of_Obi_(sash)","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Neiman Marcus Fashion Award help","linkableTitle":"Neiman Marcus Fashion Award help"} Neiman Marcus Fashion Award help __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help","timestamp":"2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Neiman Marcus Fashion Award help","linkableTitle":"Neiman Marcus Fashion Award help"} Can anyone help expand the list of recipients of the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) ? I found a very sketchy stub for this under a misspelled stub, and have had a stab at expanding it, but there are still lots of gaps in the award winner's list. It's complicated by the fact that the award had multiple recipients most years, and I suspect there's another Neiman Marcus award that isn't necessarily the same one as this. Any help to expand it would be appreciated - thanks in advance!! Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 18:14, 22 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-03-22T18:14:00.000Z-Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award_help","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Talk:Frankie Rayder\/GA1","linkableTitle":"Talk:Frankie Rayder\/GA1"} Talk:Frankie Rayder/GA1 __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1","timestamp":"2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Talk:Frankie Rayder\/GA1","linkableTitle":"Talk:Frankie Rayder\/GA1"} At Talk:Frankie Rayder/GA1 (/wiki/Talk:Frankie_Rayder/GA1) , there is a discussion on the organization of Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) . If anyone has any advice, please comment.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( t (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / bio (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:LOTM (/wiki/Wikipedia:LOTM) ) 02:00, 26 March 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder/GA1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2009-03-26T02:00:00.000Z-Talk:Frankie_Rayder\/GA1","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-how_much_buttons_buttoned-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"how much buttons buttoned","linkableTitle":"how much buttons buttoned"} how much buttons buttoned __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-how_much_buttons_buttoned-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned","timestamp":"2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-how_much_buttons_buttoned-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"how much buttons buttoned","linkableTitle":"how much buttons buttoned"} how much buttons should be buttoned, do most schools make kids button up, do any of u button up —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Jzwebworth (/w/index.php?title=User:Jzwebworth&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Jzwebworth) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Jzwebworth) ) 20:23, 7 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z","author":"Jzwebworth","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Jzwebworth-2009-04-07T20:23:00.000Z-how_much_buttons_buttoned","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed.-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed."],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Free use image of Stephen Jones (milliner) needed.","linkableTitle":"Free use image of Stephen Jones (milliner) needed."} Free use image of Stephen Jones (milliner) needed. __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed.-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed."],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z","timestamp":"2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed.-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed."],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Free use image of Stephen Jones (milliner) needed.","linkableTitle":"Free use image of Stephen Jones (milliner) needed."} Does anyone have one? I'm sure there must be some free-use pics out there, but don't know where to start. He really ought to have a picture on his entry, and I'm sure there's one out there. Thanks so much in advance. Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 02:19, 8 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed.) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z-Free_use_image_of_Stephen_Jones_(milliner)_needed.","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z"]}} I just sent a flickrmail to the author of this photo (http://www.flickr.com/photos/billa/2112266763) . Maybe he'll change the licensing... Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 03:10, 8 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z-Mabalu-2009-04-08T02:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z"]}} If that doesn't work out we could ask for this (http://www.flickr.com/photos/63536356@N00/3307155936/in/set-72157614388488338/) , this (http://www.flickr.com/photos/blogsorbeta/1045421154/) , or this (http://www.flickr.com/photos/blogsorbeta/2577383553/) later (though for the latter two it's not clear that the flickr user is the copyright holder). Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 03:18, 8 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:10:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z"]}} Got the first picture! Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Calliopejen1) ) 17:34, 10 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-08T03:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mabalu-2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z"]}} Oh, fantastic!! I'm sure others will follow shortly, but it's a great start. Mabalu (/wiki/User:Mabalu) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mabalu) ) 20:24, 10 April 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mabalu-2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z","author":"Mabalu","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Mabalu-2009-04-10T20:24:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2009-04-10T17:34:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Clothing:_Penis_sheath-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Clothing: Penis sheath","linkableTitle":"Clothing: Penis sheath"} Clothing: Penis sheath __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Clothing:_Penis_sheath-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath","timestamp":"2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Clothing:_Penis_sheath-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Clothing: Penis sheath","linkableTitle":"Clothing: Penis sheath"} I would like to add this entry under "Clothing", as it does fall into the definition of "Clothing" - materials that cover the body, as a protection from the elements etc. However I am not sure if goes under "Trousers/Pants" or just "See others". Also there is no category "Penis sheath". Wiki monde (/wiki/User:Wiki_monde) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Wiki_monde) ) 22:28, 11 May 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z","author":"Wiki monde","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Wiki_monde-2009-05-11T22:28:00.000Z-Clothing:_Penis_sheath","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_Sweeps_invitation-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"GA Sweeps invitation","linkableTitle":"GA Sweeps invitation"} GA Sweeps invitation __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_Sweeps_invitation-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation","timestamp":"2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_Sweeps_invitation-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"GA Sweeps invitation","linkableTitle":"GA Sweeps invitation"} This message is being sent to WikiProjects with GAs (/wiki/Wikipedia:GA) under their scope. Since August 2007, WikiProject Good Articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles) has been participating in GA sweeps (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps) . The process helps to ensure that articles that have passed a nomination before that date meet the GA criteria (/wiki/Wikipedia:WIAGA) . After nearly two years, the running total (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps/Running_total) has just passed the 50% mark. In order to expediate the reviewing, several changes have been made to the process. A new worklist (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps_worklist) has been created, detailing which articles are left to review. Instead of reviewing by topic, editors can consider picking and choosing whichever articles they are interested in. We are always looking for new members to assist with reviewing the remaining articles, and since this project has GAs under its scope, it would be beneficial if any of its members could review a few articles (perhaps your project's articles). Your project's members are likely to be more knowledgeable about your topic GAs then an outside reviewer. As a result, reviewing your project's articles would improve the quality of the review in ensuring that the article meets your project's concerns on sourcing, content, and guidelines. However, members can also review any other article in the worklist to ensure it meets the GA criteria. If any members are interested, please visit the GA sweeps page (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps) for further details and instructions in initiating a review. If you'd like to join the process, please add your name to the running total page (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps/Running_total) . In addition, for every member that reviews 100 articles from the worklist (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps_worklist) or has a significant impact on the process, s/he will get an award when they reach that threshold. With ~1,300 articles left to review, we would appreciate any editors that could contribute in helping to uphold the quality of GAs. If you have any questions about the process, reviewing, or need help with a particular article, please contact me or OhanaUnited (/wiki/User:OhanaUnited) and we'll be happy to help. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 (/wiki/User:Nehrams2020) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Nehrams2020) • contrib (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nehrams2020) ) 05:31, 20 May 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z","author":"Nehrams2020","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Nehrams2020-2009-05-20T05:31:00.000Z-GA_Sweeps_invitation","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Suggested_new_reference-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Suggested new reference","linkableTitle":"Suggested new reference"} Suggested new reference __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Suggested_new_reference-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference","timestamp":"2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Suggested_new_reference-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Suggested new reference","linkableTitle":"Suggested new reference"} Suggested new reference: Keith J. Hall. What's so T about a T-shirt? A textual and etymological analysis of T-shirts. (Classical Blather). Verbatim 28.1. Winter 2003: p18 (5). http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2861301/What-s-so-T-about.html (http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2861301/What-s-so-T-about.html) —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 68.82.60.5 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/68.82.60.5) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:68.82.60.5&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 22:13, 7 July 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z","author":"68.82.60.5","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-68.82.60.5-2009-07-07T22:13:00.000Z-Suggested_new_reference","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"GA reassessment of Anna Wintour","linkableTitle":"GA reassessment of Anna Wintour"} GA reassessment of Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour","timestamp":"2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"GA reassessment of Anna Wintour","linkableTitle":"GA reassessment of Anna Wintour"} I have conducted a reassessment of the above article as part of the GA Sweeps process (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Project_quality_task_force/Sweeps) . I have found some concerns with the article which you can see at Talk:Anna Wintour/GA1 (/wiki/Talk:Anna_Wintour/GA1) . I have placed the article on hold whilst these are fixed. Thanks. Jezhotwells (/wiki/User:Jezhotwells) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Jezhotwells) ) 13:37, 9 August 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z","author":"Jezhotwells","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Jezhotwells-2009-08-09T13:37:00.000Z-GA_reassessment_of_Anna_Wintour","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Paul & Shark: History Section","linkableTitle":"Paul & Shark: History Section"} Paul & Shark: History Section __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section","timestamp":"2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Paul & Shark: History Section","linkableTitle":"Paul & Shark: History Section"} Just wanted to point out that the history section concerning "Paul & Shark" needs to be redone. It is entirely quoted from the homepage of the company and thus reads like an advert. —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 80.139.54.222 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/80.139.54.222) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:80.139.54.222&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 21:00, 31 August 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z","author":"80.139.54.222","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-80.139.54.222-2009-08-31T21:00:00.000Z-Paul_&_Shark:_History_Section","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-brilliantine-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"brilliantine","linkableTitle":"brilliantine"} brilliantine __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-brilliantine-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine","timestamp":"2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-brilliantine-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"brilliantine","linkableTitle":"brilliantine"} the term brilliantine was mentioned in the fawlty towers episode entitled "the psychiatrist", not "the wedding party" like the wiki page says. —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 24.225.76.25 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/24.225.76.25) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:24.225.76.25&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 03:35, 5 September 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z","author":"24.225.76.25","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-24.225.76.25-2009-09-05T03:35:00.000Z-brilliantine","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fetish_fashion-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fetish fashion","linkableTitle":"Fetish fashion"} Fetish fashion (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fetish_fashion-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion","timestamp":"2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fetish_fashion-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fetish fashion","linkableTitle":"Fetish fashion"} Editing assistance requested for this article. It was reduced to a microstub for containing original research; the editor is quite correct that the article is desperately in need of trimming the original research and adding reliable sources, but I don't think that reduces the article to a single sentence is the right approach. Fences & Windows 00:59, 8 September 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z","author":"Fences and windows","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Fences_and_windows-2009-09-08T00:59:00.000Z-Fetish_fashion","replies":[],"displayName":"Fences"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-List_of_grands_couturiers-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"List of grands couturiers","linkableTitle":"List of grands couturiers"} List of grands couturiers (/wiki/List_of_grands_couturiers) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-List_of_grands_couturiers-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers","timestamp":"2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-List_of_grands_couturiers-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"List of grands couturiers","linkableTitle":"List of grands couturiers"} This list/article has some major issues, from my admittedly limited POV. The article states there are only ten "official" (and two "honorary") grands couturier fashion houses, but the list clearly goes waaay beyond twelve. It seems the initial intent was to list each house, then "sublist" the heads each has had. That would be reasonable, since someone being the head of a certain fashion house is verifiable, and would sidestep the issue that beyond this method, dubbing a designer as a "grands couturier" is a product of the dreaded POV assessment, which I'm worried has been applied to this list over time with little oversight, as so often happens. For example, is Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) really a grands couturier by its only verifiable definition (the head of an official g.c. house)? I don't know, but it might be doubtful enough to warrant this entire list being looked at/discussed by some knowledgeable editors on the topic to determine who really should be in the list. The issue - if it is one - has also spread to Template:Grands couturiers (/wiki/Template:Grands_couturiers) . Mbinebri talk ← (/wiki/User_talk:Mbinebri) 18:35, 5 October 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z","author":"Mbinebri","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mbinebri-2009-10-05T18:35:00.000Z-List_of_grands_couturiers","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Satchel-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Satchel","linkableTitle":"Satchel"} Satchel __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Satchel-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel","timestamp":"2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Satchel-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Satchel","linkableTitle":"Satchel"} The satchel (/wiki/Satchel_(bag)) page has been substantially updated. Additional historical citations would be helpful. Rakerman (/wiki/User:Rakerman) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Rakerman) ) 18:38, 29 October 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z","author":"Rakerman","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Rakerman-2009-10-29T18:38:00.000Z-Satchel","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_public_relations-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z-Fashion_public_relations"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fashion public relations","linkableTitle":"Fashion public relations"} Fashion public relations (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_public_relations&action=edit&redlink=1) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_public_relations-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z-Fashion_public_relations"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Pdcook-2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","timestamp":"2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion_public_relations-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z-Fashion_public_relations"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Fashion public relations","linkableTitle":"Fashion public relations"} Can someone look at fashion public relations (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_public_relations&action=edit&redlink=1) ? It's a copy-paste from a website and I don't know if it warrants its own article, should be merged, or deleted all together. Thanks, Pdcook (/wiki/User:Pdcook) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Pdcook) ) 16:39, 13 November 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z-Fashion_public_relations) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","author":"Pdcook","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z-Fashion_public_relations","replies":["c-Pdcook-2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z"]}} Nevermind; the article has been deleted due to copyright infringement. Pdcook (/wiki/User:Pdcook) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Pdcook) ) 16:36, 21 November 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Pdcook-2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z","author":"Pdcook","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Pdcook-2009-11-21T16:36:00.000Z-Pdcook-2009-11-13T16:39:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Rep tie, Repp tie, Rep weave, Repp weave, Rep pattern, Repp pattern, Rep stripe, Repp stripe: Need article content and\/or articles and\/or redirects.","linkableTitle":"Rep tie, Repp tie, Rep weave, Repp weave, Rep pattern, Repp pattern, Rep stripe, Repp stripe: Need article content and\/or articles and\/or redirects."} Rep tie (/wiki/Rep_tie) , Repp tie (/wiki/Repp_tie) , Rep weave (/w/index.php?title=Rep_weave&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp weave (/w/index.php?title=Repp_weave&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rep pattern (/w/index.php?title=Rep_pattern&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp pattern (/w/index.php?title=Repp_pattern&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rep stripe (/w/index.php?title=Rep_stripe&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp stripe (/w/index.php?title=Repp_stripe&action=edit&redlink=1) : Need article content and/or articles and/or redirects. __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,","timestamp":"2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Rep tie, Repp tie, Rep weave, Repp weave, Rep pattern, Repp pattern, Rep stripe, Repp stripe: Need article content and\/or articles and\/or redirects.","linkableTitle":"Rep tie, Repp tie, Rep weave, Repp weave, Rep pattern, Repp pattern, Rep stripe, Repp stripe: Need article content and\/or articles and\/or redirects."} I'm surprised to see that we need article content and/or articles and/or redirects for Rep tie (/wiki/Rep_tie) , Repp tie (/wiki/Repp_tie) , Rep weave (/w/index.php?title=Rep_weave&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp weave (/w/index.php?title=Repp_weave&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rep pattern (/w/index.php?title=Rep_pattern&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp pattern (/w/index.php?title=Repp_pattern&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rep stripe (/w/index.php?title=Rep_stripe&action=edit&redlink=1) , Repp stripe (/w/index.php?title=Repp_stripe&action=edit&redlink=1) . Don't know how we should organize this. I'd guess that we should add a section to Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) and make everything redirect there. -- Writtenonsand (/wiki/User:Writtenonsand) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Writtenonsand) ) 03:19, 24 December 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z","author":"Writtenonsand","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Writtenonsand-2009-12-24T03:19:00.000Z-Rep_tie,_Repp_tie,_Rep_weave,_Repp_weave,_Rep_pattern,_Repp_pattern,_Rep_stripe,","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Obvious_Bias-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z-Obvious_Bias"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Obvious Bias","linkableTitle":"Obvious Bias"} Obvious Bias __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Obvious_Bias-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z-Obvious_Bias"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","timestamp":"2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Obvious_Bias-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z-Obvious_Bias"],"uneditableSection":true,"text":"Obvious Bias","linkableTitle":"Obvious Bias"} Why does it so blatantly state that : "Melissa Lola Martinez will be the most successful french designer with and infinite amount of sold products and unmeasurable fame" This is under Fashion Design ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design) ) And the subheading: French Fashion Design. ?? —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 69.31.251.161 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/69.31.251.161) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:69.31.251.161&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 04:55, 27 December 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z-Obvious_Bias) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","author":"69.31.251.161","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z-Obvious_Bias","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z"]}} Because someone didn't read WP:CRYSTAL (/wiki/Wikipedia:CRYSTAL) and WP:VAND (/wiki/Wikipedia:VAND) , that's why. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Daniel_Case) ) 05:07, 27 December 2009 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3#c-Daniel_Case-2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2009-12-27T05:07:00.000Z-69.31.251.161-2009-12-27T04:55:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐84rvb Cached time: 20240720231833 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.047 seconds CPU time usage: 0.261 seconds Real time usage: 0.375 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 705/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11172/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1614/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6499/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1530002/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 176.192 1 -total 75.51% 133.039 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 15.27% 26.909 1 Template:Talkarchivenav 6.98% 12.295 1 Template:Cquote 5.99% 10.549 1 Template:Main_other 2.56% 4.519 1 Template:Trim_quotes 1.99% 3.500 1 User:LivingBot/SignupTemplate 0.79% 1.390 1 Template:!- 0.68% 1.193 1 Template:(! 0.64% 1.127 1 Template:!) Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24661211-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720231833 and revision id 1137384549. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3&oldid=1137384549 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3&oldid=1137384549) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Project-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells) |
Model agent Peter Hope Lumley (30 March 1920 – 11 June 2004) was a model agent (/wiki/Model_agent) and public relations consultant. Early life and family [ edit ] Peter Lumley was born in Chelsea, London, on 30 March 1920 to Charles Hope Lumley and his wife Kathleen. He was educated at Ottershaw College (/wiki/Ottershaw_College) , Surrey, after which he studied German art and literature at Munich University (/wiki/Munich_University) . [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) Lumley served in the 8th Battalion, The Buffs (/wiki/The_Buffs) , and then the Intelligence Corps, during the Second World War. He declined to be commissioned and was demobilised as a sergeant major. He was mentioned in despatches (/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches) . [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) In 1947, Lumley married Priscilla Kincaid-Smith with whom he had a son and a daughter. After that marriage was dissolved, he married Charlotte Warren-Davis in 1965 with whom he had three daughters. That marriage also ended in divorce. [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) Career [ edit ] In 1947, Lumley set himself up as a public relations consultant. Among his first clients were the designer Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) , Nicholas ("Miki") Sekers (/wiki/Nicholas_Sekers) , and the shoe magnate Edward Rayne (/wiki/Edward_Rayne) . [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) In 1955, Lumley branched out as a model agent. Among the models on his books were Bronwen Pugh (/wiki/Bronwen_Pugh) (later Viscountess Astor) and Sally Croker-Poole (/wiki/Sally_Croker-Poole) who married the Aga Khan. [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) Death [ edit ] Lumley died on 11 June 2004. [1] (#cite_note-indep-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Peter Hope Lumley. (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-hope-lumley-550136.html) Derek Granger, The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) , 21 July 2004. Retrieved 11 April 2018. This English biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hope_Lumley&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐bvk5b Cached time: 20240713103521 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.136 seconds Real time usage: 0.202 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 421/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5106/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 536/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6340/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.077/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1583692/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 186.356 1 -total 43.05% 80.235 1 Template:England-bio-stub 41.91% 78.100 1 Template:Asbox 37.65% 70.159 1 Template:Short_description 21.36% 39.808 2 Template:Pagetype 9.82% 18.306 4 Template:Main_other 8.89% 16.564 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 8.54% 15.916 1 Template:SDcat 8.19% 15.264 1 Template:Reflist 5.98% 11.140 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57093521-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713103521 and revision id 1232935552. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hope_Lumley&oldid=1232935552 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hope_Lumley&oldid=1232935552) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920 births (/wiki/Category:1920_births) 2004 deaths (/wiki/Category:2004_deaths) People from Chelsea, London (/wiki/Category:People_from_Chelsea,_London) English businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:English_businesspeople_in_fashion) English public relations people (/wiki/Category:English_public_relations_people) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni (/wiki/Category:Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich_alumni) British Army personnel of World War II (/wiki/Category:British_Army_personnel_of_World_War_II) Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) soldiers (/wiki/Category:Buffs_(Royal_East_Kent_Regiment)_soldiers) Intelligence Corps soldiers (/wiki/Category:Intelligence_Corps_soldiers) 20th-century English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_businesspeople) Military personnel from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea) English people stubs (/wiki/Category:English_people_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles) |
British milliner Rachel Trevor-Morgan Born Stourbridge (/wiki/Stourbridge) Occupation Milliner (/wiki/Millinery) Notable credit Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) to Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) from 2014 until the death of Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Death_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II) on 8 September 2022. The Queen wore a Rachel Trevor-Morgan hat during a 2010 visit to Toronto Rachel Trevor-Morgan is a British milliner (/wiki/Millinery) best known for the hats she created for the Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . In 2014, she was granted a Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) by the Queen. Dame Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) is among Morgan’s clientele Early life and career [ edit ] The hat designer Rachel Trevor-Morgan was born in Stourbridge (/wiki/Stourbridge) , West Midlands. Her father was a vicar and, as a child, she loved seeing her mother wear hats to church. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) She was a pupil at The Alice Ottley School (/wiki/The_Alice_Ottley_School) in Worcester (/wiki/Worcester,_England) and, aged 19, moved to London intent on learning how to be a milliner. [2] (#cite_note-RGSW_alumni-2) She wrote to British milliner Graham Smith (/wiki/Graham_Smith_(milliner)) – hatmaker to Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) and Princess Diana (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) among others – asking if she could see how he worked. He interviewed Trevor-Morgan and offered her an apprenticeship. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) She learned the trade for three years, as one of a workroom of 14 women in his studio near Oxford Street (/wiki/Oxford_Street) , then working for another royal hat designer Philip Somerville (/wiki/Philip_Somerville) between 1988 and 1990. Trevor-Morgan has said of her training with two of London's most celebrated milliners that Graham Smith taught her how to get the hat right and Philip Somerville taught her about "people relations". [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) She has also described Smith as remaining her "mentor" when she needs advice. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) Eponymous label [ edit ] Trevor-Morgan set up in business in 1990, initially selling her designs in the market at St Martin-in-the-Fields (/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields) Church. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) Soon she was supplying Fortnum & Mason (/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason) ; Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) followed and, in 1992, her business moved to a 17th-century studio in the prestige location of St James's (/wiki/St_James%27s) . [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) By 1998, her reputation had grown to the extent that a feature in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) included her in a list of go-to milliners in London, alongside much more established names such as Frederick Fox (/wiki/Frederick_Fox_(milliner)) and Stephen Jones (/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(milliner)) . [3] (#cite_note-The_Times_Grainger-3) Royal commissions [ edit ] Trevor-Morgan began making hats for the Queen in 2006 – initially she was invited to create six sketches for review and then some designs were made. The first of her models was worn by the Queen at her 80th birthday church service at St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) . [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) The Queen then chose another of the designer's hats – a beige shot silk model – for her birthday lunch at the Mansion House (/wiki/Mansion_House,_London) – inspiring a Times journalist to note that Trevor-Morgan had now become "a new recruit to a tight little band of royal headwear designers". [4] (#cite_note-The_Times_Hamilton-4) From 2006, she had been one of the Queen's preferred milliners, creating some 60 hats (averaging ten a year) up to 2012. [5] (#cite_note-Vogue_Ostler-5) [6] (#cite_note-DT_28052012-6) In 2014, Trevor-Morgan was awarded a Royal Warrant. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) Trevor-Morgan worked closely with the Queen's design team, including fashion designer Stewart Parvin (/wiki/Stewart_Parvin) and the Queen's senior dresser and assistant Angela Kelly (/wiki/Angela_Kelly) . [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) More recently, Trevor-Morgan hats have also been worn by other members of the British Royal Family, including Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge) . [7] (#cite_note-The_Lady_Pearson-7) [8] (#cite_note-Glamour_Middleton-8) Other commissions [ edit ] Trevor-Morgan still supplies London stores such as Fortnum & Mason (/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason) as well as creating hats for private clients. All designs are bespoke, with fabric and straw dyed in the St James's studio. Trevor-Morgan has said she prepares her dyes in a saucepan, cooking them up to achieve exactly the right shade. [1] (#cite_note-BOERSMA-1) In 2014, she was commissioned to add miniature hats to Lego (/wiki/Lego) figures in front of a replica of Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) at Legoland (/wiki/Legoland) in Windsor (/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire) in the run up to Royal Ascot (/wiki/Royal_Ascot) . [9] (#cite_note-IB_Times_Sim-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Boersma, Maxine (19 June 2014). "Rachel Trevor-Morgan discusses Her Majesty's hat preferences" (http://on.ft.com/1AmFIlx) . Financial Times . Retrieved 5 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-RGSW_alumni_2-0) "School Alumni" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141006123335/http://www.rgsw.org.uk/rgs-worcester/alumni/school-alumni/) . rgsw.org.uk . Royal Grammar School Worcester. Archived from the original (http://www.rgsw.org.uk/rgs-worcester/alumni/school-alumni/) on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Grainger_3-0) Grainger, Lisa (13 June 1998). "Extravagance comes to a head". The Times . No. 66227. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Hamilton_4-0) Hamilton, Alan (16 June 2006). "Queen quotes Groucho as she thanks nation for its support". The Times . No. 68728. ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_Ostler_5-0) Ostler, Catherine (1 June 2012). "Nostalgia: The Queen's Changing Fashion" (http://www.vogue.com/868851/nostalgia-the-queens-changing-fashion/) . Vogue . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT_28052012_6-0) "Queen's Diamond Jubilee Interview: the Queen's Milliner" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120530013941/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/9295298/Queens-Diamond-Jubilee-interview-the-Queens-milliner.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 28 May 2012. Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/9295298/Queens-Diamond-Jubilee-interview-the-Queens-milliner.html) on 30 May 2012 . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Lady_Pearson_7-0) Pearson, Katy (18 April 2013). "How to make the Queen's hats" (http://www.lady.co.uk/style/fashion/2163-how-to-make-the-queen-s-hats) . The Lady . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glamour_Middleton_8-0) "Kate Middleton: Her royal wardrobe" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/fashion/celebrity-fashion/2012/04/kate-middleton-royal-style-fashion-every-outfit-since-wedding#!image-number=88) . Glamour . 2013 . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-IB_Times_Sim_9-0) Sim, David (10 June 2014). "Lego figures of the Royal Family wear tiny hats by Rachel Trevor-Morgan" (http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/lego-figures-royal-family-wear-tiny-hats-created-by-rachel-trevor-morgan-1452093) . International Business Times . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.racheltrevormorgan.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f856f9b8b‐88s49 Cached time: 20240716053237 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.375 seconds Real time usage: 0.522 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2090/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19224/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2008/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36764/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.224/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6161161/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 482.663 1 -total 36.52% 176.247 1 Template:Reflist 32.01% 154.495 1 Template:Infobox_person 29.92% 144.394 8 Template:Cite_news 20.45% 98.711 1 Template:Short_description 12.66% 61.087 16 Template:Main_other 9.24% 44.606 1 Template:SDcat 8.45% 40.774 2 Template:Pagetype 7.28% 35.147 1 Template:Wikidata_image 5.10% 24.605 19 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43990308-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716053237 and revision id 1161436229. 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The Yellow Book (/wiki/The_Yellow_Book) , with a cover illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley (/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley) A Defence of Cosmetics is an essay (/wiki/Essay) by caricaturist (/wiki/Caricature) and parodist (/wiki/Parody) Max Beerbohm (/wiki/Max_Beerbohm) and published in the first edition of The Yellow Book (/wiki/The_Yellow_Book) in April 1894. Aged 21 when the essay was published, it established his reputation. It later appeared in his first book, The Works of Max Beerbohm (/wiki/The_Works_of_Max_Beerbohm) (1896) as The Pervasion of Rouge . Written while still an undergraduate (/wiki/Undergraduate) at Merton College, Oxford (/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford) , Beerbohm intended that his essay A Peep into the Past (/wiki/A_Peep_into_the_Past) , a satire on Oscar Wilde (/wiki/Oscar_Wilde) , should be published in the first number of The Yellow Book (/wiki/The_Yellow_Book) , but it was held over to make way for another essay, A Defence of Cosmetics , which appeared in that journal in April 1894. A Peep into the Past was possibly withheld because of the impending Wilde scandal. When it was published, A Defence of Cosmetics was singled out for vilification as "decadent", and subsequent issues of The Yellow Book containing his work were condemned by the establishment. Beerbohm contended that the use of make-up by women, and some men, was becoming the norm in the 1890s, and that the mask was becoming more important than the face. His essay claimed that "most women are not as young as they are painted... Cosmetics are not going to be a mere prosaic remedy for age or plainness, but all ladies and girls will come to love them...the season of the unsophisticated is gone by, and the young girl's final extinction beneath the rising tides of cosmetics will leave no gap in life and will rob art of nothing... Artifice, sweetest exile, is come into her kingdom." [1] (#cite_note-1) Sun-tan make-up was being used by "countless gentlemen who walk about town in the time of its desertion from August to October, artificially bronzed, as though they were fresh from the moors or the Solent. This, I conceive, is done for purely social reasons." [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The essay, an ironic defence of Decadence (/wiki/Decadence) , created a sensation when it appeared in 1894. Delighted with the essay, William Rothenstein (/wiki/William_Rothenstein) wrote to Beerbohm, "...all my friends chuckled over your dear cosmetics as they read & reread them. Oscar, solitary exception, was moved to a torrent of tears, so strong was his emotion". To Lord Alfred Douglas (/wiki/Lord_Alfred_Douglas) , Oscar Wilde (/wiki/Oscar_Wilde) wrote: "Max on Cosmetics in the Yellow Book is wonderful: enough style for a large school, and all very precious and thought-out: quite delightfully wrong and fascinating". Wilde, appreciating Beerbohm's wise but ironic manner, commented that "The gods bestowed on Max the gift of perpetual old age". [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The Yellow Book (/wiki/The_Yellow_Book) April 1894 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Alison Gernsheim, (https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-izBSRFKU0C&dq=defence+of+cosmetics+beerbohm&pg=RA4-PA82) Victorian & Edwardian Fashion: A Photographic Survey pg 82 (https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-izBSRFKU0C&dq=defence+of+cosmetics+beerbohm&pg=RA4-PA82) ^ (#cite_ref-3) The Yellow Book (/wiki/The_Yellow_Book) April 1894 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Beerbohm on the 'Mr Oscar Wilde' website (http://www.mr-oscar-wilde.de/about/b/beerbohm.htm) External links [ edit ] Turning the pages of (https://archive.org/stream/defenceofcosmeti00beeruoft#page/n5/mode/2up) A Defence of Cosmetics A Defence of Cosmetics on Victorian Web (/wiki/Victorian_Web) Mocking the Victorian Sages: Beerbohm's "A Defence of Cosmetics" (http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/mb/mbsage1.html) v t e Max Beerbohm (/wiki/Max_Beerbohm) Prose works " A Defence of Cosmetics " (1894) The Works of Max Beerbohm (/wiki/The_Works_of_Max_Beerbohm) (1896) The Happy Hypocrite (/wiki/The_Happy_Hypocrite) (1897) Zuleika Dobson (/wiki/Zuleika_Dobson) (1911) A Christmas Garland (/wiki/A_Christmas_Garland) (1912) Seven Men (/wiki/Seven_Men) (1919) " Enoch Soames (/wiki/Enoch_Soames) " (1919) A Peep into the Past (/wiki/A_Peep_into_the_Past) (1923) Mainly on the Air (/wiki/Mainly_on_the_Air) (1946) Books of caricatures Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen (/wiki/Caricatures_of_Twenty-five_Gentlemen) (1896) The Poets' Corner (/wiki/The_Poets%27_Corner) (1904) Fifty Caricatures (/wiki/Fifty_Caricatures) (1913) A Survey (/wiki/A_Survey) (1921) Rossetti and His Circle (/wiki/Rossetti_and_His_Circle) (1922) Family Herbert Beerbohm Tree (/wiki/Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree) Julius Beerbohm (/wiki/Julius_Beerbohm) Max Beerbohm (/wiki/Max_Beerbohm) Constance Beerbohm (/wiki/Constance_Beerbohm) Florence Kahn (/wiki/Florence_Kahn_(actress)) Elisabeth Jungmann (/wiki/Elisabeth_Jungmann) Beerbohm family (/wiki/Beerbohm_family) Other The Incomparable Max (/wiki/The_Incomparable_Max) Zuleika (/wiki/Zuleika_(musical)) (musical) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fnzvq Cached time: 20240712214633 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.121 seconds Real time usage: 0.166 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 301/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8797/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 291/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10454/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 977481/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 137.872 1 -total 59.95% 82.654 1 Template:Max_Beerbohm 58.60% 80.796 1 Template:Navbox 28.94% 39.906 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 11.59% 15.977 1 Template:DMCA 9.10% 12.552 1 Template:Reflist 7.92% 10.924 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 3.91% 5.390 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 2.77% 3.820 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages 1.16% 1.601 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25072437-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712214633 and revision id 1145161653. 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Australian fashion designer Edmiston with husband Jeremy Ducker Leona Edmiston is an Australian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) . [1] (#cite_note-smh-rain-1) Education [ edit ] She studied fashion design at East Sydney Technical College. Career [ edit ] She began her first label, called "Morrissey Edmiston", with fellow Australian designer Peter Morrissey (/wiki/Peter_Morrissey) in 1983. [2] (#cite_note-2) The label was popular for over 14 years. In 1996, the label split and Edmiston started her solo label, Leona Edmiston with her husband, Jeremy Ducker, in 2001. Edmiston showed at Mercedes Australian Fashion Week (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) in 2004, 2005, and 2006; while in 2008 and 2009 she conducted private showings off the Fashion Week schedule. Leona Edmiston has stores in Australia (including Myer (/wiki/Myer) ), US and the UK as well as online. [1] (#cite_note-smh-rain-1) In 2016, she collaborated with Fancy Feast to enter the lifestyle and homewares market, designing limited edition accessories for cats and their owners. [3] (#cite_note-3) Personal [ edit ] Edmiston is married to Jeremy Ducker. In 2012, the couple welcomed twins. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Silva-Jelly, Natasha (1 April 2009). "Rain on Leona Edmiston's parade" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/rain-on-leona-edmistons-parade-20090403-9o56.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . Retrieved 8 September 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) http://www.fashionreview.com.au/leona-edmiston/ (http://www.fashionreview.com.au/leona-edmiston/) Leona Edmiston Fashion Profile ^ (#cite_ref-3) Clarke, Jenna (19 November 2016). " (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/cat-lady-leona-edmiston-enters-homeware-with-new-pet-accessories-line-20161118-gssk0i.html) 'Cat lady' Leona Edmiston enters homeware with new pet accessories line" (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/cat-lady-leona-edmiston-enters-homeware-with-new-pet-accessories-line-20161118-gssk0i.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 29 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Casamento, Jo (29 June 2012). "Twins: no trouble" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/twins-no-trouble-20120629-216d6.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 29 January 2024 . External links [ edit ] Leona Edmiston fashion label website (http://leonaedmiston.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐lz22p Cached time: 20240716123841 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.194 seconds Real time usage: 0.302 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 556/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8228/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 904/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12640/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.118/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4020847/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 276.805 1 -total 42.75% 118.323 1 Template:Reflist 32.47% 89.888 1 Template:Cite_news 26.30% 72.813 1 Template:Short_description 21.17% 58.606 1 Template:Authority_control 15.00% 41.511 2 Template:Pagetype 6.93% 19.189 4 Template:Main_other 6.74% 18.665 1 Template:Use_Australian_English 5.99% 16.568 1 Template:SDcat 5.77% 15.980 2 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24062333-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716123841 and revision id 1234846532. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leona_Edmiston&oldid=1234846532 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leona_Edmiston&oldid=1234846532) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Australian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion_designers) Australian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Australian_women_fashion_designers) Australian women company founders (/wiki/Category:Australian_women_company_founders) Australian company founders (/wiki/Category:Australian_company_founders) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use Australian English from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_June_2020) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Use dmy dates from July 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) |
1914 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1914) 1915 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1915) 1916 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1916) 1917 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1917) 1918 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1918) 1919 1920 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1920) 1921 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1921) 1922 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1922) 1923 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1923) 1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐8gss2 Cached time: 20240718083130 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.108 seconds Real time usage: 0.154 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.083/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 143.600 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 143.600 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44700889-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083130 and revision id 974956684. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1919" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) C Champion (sportswear) (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) P Pretty Polly (hosiery) (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) S Stride Rite Corporation (/wiki/Stride_Rite_Corporation) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1919&oldid=974956684 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1919&oldid=974956684) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1910s fashion (/wiki/Category:1910s_fashion) Design companies established in 1919 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1919) Manufacturing companies established in 1919 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1919) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century) |
Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Template‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐844cd986b8‐5mwl5 Cached time: 20240722144304 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.005 seconds CPU time usage: 0.098 seconds Real time usage: 0.135 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 119/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4812/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.074/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1379164/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 118.046 1 -total 100.00% 118.046 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.65% 1.951 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10528328-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722144304 and revision id 965225818. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:WikiProject_Fashion&oldid=965225818 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:WikiProject_Fashion&oldid=965225818) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Template-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells) |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from Croatia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Croatia) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Croatia portal (/wiki/Portal:Croatia) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Visual arts portal (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐9tkd8 Cached time: 20240721231147 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.102 seconds Real time usage: 0.144 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 150/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4623/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 455/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.063/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1321856/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 121.905 1 -total 63.82% 77.804 1 Template:Commons_category 61.34% 74.779 1 Template:Sister_project 59.24% 72.213 1 Template:Side_box 36.09% 43.994 1 Template:Portal 4.77% 5.810 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42345287-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721231147 and revision id 833659894. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Croatian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Croatian_women_fashion_designers) (5 P) Pages in category "Croatian fashion designers" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Boris Banović (/wiki/Boris_Banovi%C4%87) D Damir Doma (/wiki/Damir_Doma) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Croatian_fashion_designers&oldid=833659894 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Croatian_fashion_designers&oldid=833659894) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Croatian designers (/wiki/Category:Croatian_designers) Croatian fashion (/wiki/Category:Croatian_fashion) Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) |
This category is for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles that are rated as C-class on the Wikipedia 1.0 Assessment Scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Assessment) . Place articles in this category by typing this on the article's Talk page: Administrators: Please do not delete this category as empty! This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) A (/wiki/Category:A-Class_fashion_articles) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) B (/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) C Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) List (/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) Portal (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles) Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 27 0 96 453 1,362 4,790 2,498 2 125 1,295 18 150 75 2 31 124 517 589 See also Category:Fashion articles by importance (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_importance) . Contents: Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=Z) * (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=*) # 0 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=0) 1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=1) 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=2) 3 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=3) 4 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=4) 5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=5) 6 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=6) 7 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=7) 8 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=8) 9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles?from=9) • A Aa 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English television presenter, journalist Louise Roe Louise Roe in 2011 Born ( 1981-12-03 ) 3 December 1981 (age 42) Surrey, England (/wiki/Surrey,_England) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Nationality British Occupation(s) Television presenter and fashion journalist Years active 2007–present Website www (http://www.louiseroe.com/) .louiseroe (http://www.louiseroe.com/) .com (http://www.louiseroe.com/) Louise Roe (born 3 December 1981) is an English (/wiki/English_people) television presenter, model, and fashion journalist. She is notable for hosting BBC (/wiki/BBC) 's The Clothes Show (/wiki/The_Clothes_Show) , E! (/wiki/E!) 's Fashion Police (/wiki/Fashion_Police) , E!'s Perfect Catch , the MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) ' Red Carpet Show, and The CW (/wiki/The_CW) 's TV show Plain Jane (/wiki/Plain_Jane_(TV_series)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She hosted STAR World (/wiki/Star_World) 's reality TV show Fit for Fashion (/wiki/Fit_for_Fashion) . Personal life [ edit ] Louise Roe was born in Surrey (/wiki/Surrey) , England on the 3rd December 1981. After studying at Guildford High School (/wiki/Guildford_High_School) , an independent girls' school in Surrey, she graduated from Durham University (/wiki/Durham_University) with a First Class Honors (/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours) degree in English Literature (/wiki/English_Literature) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Her first job was interning at Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2007, one of the editors asked her to be on BBC Breakfast (/wiki/BBC_Breakfast) . After the show, one of the producers asked her if she would like to be on another television show. [4] (#cite_note-4) Roe married Mackenzie Hunkin in October 2016. The wedding was held at Eton College Chapel (/wiki/Eton_College_Chapel) along with her family and friends. Roe gave birth to her first daughter, Honor Florence Crosby Hunkin, January 11, 2018. Roe gave birth to her second daughter, Inès Hunkin, May 28, 2021. Career [ edit ] Journalism [ edit ] She has written fashion articles for MSN (/wiki/MSN) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) UK, Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) UK, and various magazines. Television [ edit ] Roe began her career as the news editor for Vogue.com, in London. She has since written for publications including Elle UK , In Style UK , People StyleWatch , CosmoGirl NL , Luxdeco Interiors magazine, and Martha Stewart Weddings . She has hosted BBC (/wiki/BBC) 's The Clothes Show (/wiki/The_Clothes_Show) , E!’s Fashion Police (/wiki/Fashion_Police) , and E!'s Perfect Catch . She was a guest judge on Britain's Next Top Model (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model) and Project Catwalk (/wiki/Project_Catwalk) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2008, she presented the BBC show, Addicted to Boob Jobs . [7] (#cite_note-7) She has also hosted Style Network (/wiki/Esquire_Network) 's How Do I Look , 10 Things I Hate About Me , and Make Me a Supermodel . In 2009, she hosted E! Sexiest Catch . [8] (#cite_note-8) After hosting The Clothes Show (/wiki/The_Clothes_Show) and hosting web segments for Vogue.com, she moved to Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . [9] (#cite_note-challenge-9) She appeared in the second season of the MTV (/wiki/MTV) show The City (/wiki/The_City_(2008_TV_series)) . [9] (#cite_note-challenge-9) She also hosted The CW (/wiki/The_CW) TV show Plain Jane (/wiki/Plain_Jane_(TV_series)) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2011, she was an on-air correspondent for E! during its royal wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton) coverage on Friday 29 April. [11] (#cite_note-11) On 6 November 2011, she hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) Red Carpet Show in 2011 and later again in 2012 and 2013. In 2012, she was chosen to replace Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) as host of the second season of NBC (/wiki/NBC) 's reality competition program Fashion Star (/wiki/Fashion_Star) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The series premiered on 8 March 2013. In 2015, Roe hosted Style by Jury for TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) as well as being the host of two seasons of Fit for Fashion (/wiki/Fit_for_Fashion) , a reality TV show on for Fox Asia (/wiki/Fox_Asia) . Louise also released her first non-fiction book, Front Roe , in Spring 2015. Roe still covers all red carpet coverage for NBC's Access Hollywood (/wiki/Access_Hollywood) . Roe also runs her Front Roe blog, a celebration of her favourite fashion, beauty and lifestyle moments. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gallagher, Michael Aaron (18 July 2010). "StayFamous.Net Interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200742/http://www.stayfamous.net/2010/07/louise-roe-hosts-plain-jane-on-cw.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.stayfamous.net/2010/07/louise-roe-hosts-plain-jane-on-cw.html) on 22 July 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Louise Roe" (http://www.fashioncapital.co.uk/Industry/YourProfile/Lousie_Roe.html) . Fashion Capital . Retrieved 9 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (http://www.wfnatv.com/dpps/cw_shows_feed/cw_buzz_feed/plain-jane-host-louise-roe-boasts-her-fave-five-_3462297) 'Plain Jane' host boasts her Fave Five" (http://www.wfnatv.com/dpps/cw_shows_feed/cw_buzz_feed/plain-jane-host-louise-roe-boasts-her-fave-five-_3462297) . WFNATV. 30 June 2010 . Retrieved 9 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Louise Roe Interview - Clothes Row London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120303144336/http://www.ftape.com/media/?p=1773) . FTape. Archived from the original (http://www.ftape.com/media/?p=1773) on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 9 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Insider:Louise Roe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110927155516/http://www.nylonmag.com/?section=article&parid=4957) . Nylon Magazine. 8 March 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.nylonmag.com/?section=article&parid=4957) on 27 September 2011 . Retrieved 9 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Brit Style Star Louise Roe to Front Us Makeover Show" (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/470395/brit-style-star-louise-roe-to-front-us-makeover-show.html) . Marie Claire (U.K.). 24 May 2010 . Retrieved 9 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Addicted to Boob Jobs" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00cr471) . BBC . Retrieved 9 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "TV Host Louise Roe Marries Mackenzie Hunkin in England" (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/tv-host-louise-roe-marries-mackenzie-hunkin-in-england-w442972/) . 1 October 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet Louise Roe, Olivia's Newest Challenge" (https://www.elle.com/news/fashion-style/meet-louise-roe-olivias-newest-challenge-653) . ELLE . 1 June 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rosenblum, Emma (29 July 2010). "Plain Jane: The Makeover Show That Wants to Be a Romantic Comedy" (https://www.vulture.com/2010/07/plain_jane_in_which_a_makeover.html) . vulture.com (/wiki/Vulture.com) . Retrieved 23 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Louise Roe, The Royal Wedding, Red Carpets, Natasha Malinsky" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C25HM1WNdAc) – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Louise Roe Joining 'Fashion Star' As Judge, Replacing Elle Macpherson" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/19/louise-roe-fashion-star-judge_n_1896662.html) . 19 September 2012. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.louiseroe.com/) Louise Roe (http://www.itmlondon.com/talent/client/louise-roe/) at ITM London Louise Roe (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3016740/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐dbqp7 Cached time: 20240712133642 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.333 seconds Real time usage: 0.694 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2384/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26164/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2132/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44551/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.190/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7424276/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 402.478 1 -total 37.17% 149.616 1 Template:Infobox_person 30.28% 121.861 1 Template:Reflist 24.94% 100.378 11 Template:Cite_web 16.25% 65.418 1 Template:Short_description 10.51% 42.291 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.72% 35.077 2 Template:Pagetype 8.42% 33.892 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.56% 30.443 21 Template:Main_other 5.69% 22.890 1 Template:Official_URL Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24573100-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712133642 and revision id 1097475560. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louise_Roe&oldid=1097475560 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louise_Roe&oldid=1097475560) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1981 births (/wiki/Category:1981_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People educated at Guildford High School (/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Guildford_High_School) British television personalities (/wiki/Category:British_television_personalities) English fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_journalists) English women journalists (/wiki/Category:English_women_journalists) Alumni of Collingwood College, Durham (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Collingwood_College,_Durham) English bloggers (/wiki/Category:English_bloggers) British women bloggers (/wiki/Category:British_women_bloggers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) |
American fashion designer Diane Gilman is an American clothing designer and shopping channel television personality on HSN (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) , [1] (#cite_note-1) where she is known as the "Jean Queen". [2] (#cite_note-FWD_2014-2) [3] (#cite_note-fashinvest13-3) May 2014 marked her 20th anniversary on the retail network, where she built her $150 million jeans empire. [2] (#cite_note-FWD_2014-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) She is the number one selling fashion brand on HSN (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) , [3] (#cite_note-fashinvest13-3) and also appears regularly on TSC (/wiki/The_Shopping_Channel) , QVCItaly (/wiki/QVC) , and QVCuk (/wiki/QVC) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She began specializing in jeans after noticing the denim industry's void in catering to baby boomer (/wiki/Baby_boomer) women like herself. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Since then, she has expanded her offerings to a highly successful line of tops and separates [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2013, Diane authored a book called Good Jeans: 10 Simple Truths about Feeling Great, Staying Sexy, & Aging Agelessly . While her book is largely biographical in nature, she uses her story to encourage and inspire women to go after their dreams and regain a greater sense of self-entitlement that may have been withered by societal expectations and pressures placed upon women past a certain age. [11] (#cite_note-Huff_Good_Jeans-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) She was interviewed by Cathy Horyn (/wiki/Cathy_Horyn) of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) and CBS This Morning (/wiki/CBS_This_Morning) . [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) She also regularly blogs for The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Diane has received multiple awards for her success in the fashion industry, as well as for her inspirational voice. [3] (#cite_note-fashinvest13-3) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Diane Gilman Fashion at HSN.com" (https://www.hsn.com/shop/diane-gilman-fashion/fa-88) . Hsn.com . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Eddie Roche (June 2014), "Meet Diane Gilman, HSN's 'Jean Queen'" (http://fashionweekdaily.com/meet-hsns-jean-queen-diane-gilman/) , Fashionweekdaily.com ^ Jump up to: a b c "Designer Diane Gilman Receives Fashinvest Designer Award 3rd Annual Capital Conference" (http://www.fashinvest.com/designer-diane-gilman-receives-fashinvest-designer-award-3rd-annual-capital-conference/) , FashInvest, December 12, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sharon Edelson (June 9, 2014). "It's in the Jeans: Diane Gilman Celebrates 20 Years on HSN" (http://www.wwd.com/markets-news/denim/its-in-the-jeans-gilman-celebrates-20-years-on-hsn-7719001) . WWD . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashions - Diane Gilman Fashions - Online Shopping for Canadians" (http://www.theshoppingchannel.com/pages/productresults?nav=N:100047-100300) . Theshoppingchannel.com . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Fashion by Diane Gilman" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140813035321/http://www.qvcuk.com/Fashion.category.2.html?refine=1000018%2B4294966010&cm_re=MH-_-%28Brand%29-_-%28Diane+Gilman%29&sc=NVBN&cm_sp=MH-_-%28Fashion%29-_-%28Brand%29) . Archived from the original (http://www.qvcuk.com/Fashion.category.2.html?refine=1000018%2b4294966010&cm_re=MH-_-(Brand)-_-(Diane+Gilman)&sc=NVBN&cm_sp=MH-_-(Fashion)-_-(Brand)) on August 13, 2014 . Retrieved July 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rock 'N Roll Designer Gets Her Groove Back and Makes Millions" (https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/25/fashion-designer-reinvents-herself-diane-gilman-jeans-marlo-thomas-it-aint-over_n_3156133.html) . The Huffington Post . April 25, 2013 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Diane · Diane Gilman - Fashion designer" (http://dianegilman.com/diane/) . Dianegilman.com . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The 'Queen of Jeans' Changing The Denim Industry" (http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/5483-the-queen-of-jeans-changing-the-denim-industry) . Inside Edition . December 10, 2012 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "How to Hit 'Restart' After Age 50" (http://www.nextavenue.org/article/2013-05/how-hit-restart-after-age-50) . Nextavenue.org. May 27, 2013 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Huff_Good_Jeans_11-0) Rebecca Klein (April 19, 2013) "Diane Gilman's Jeans And Book Encourage Women To 'Age Agelessly'" (https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/19/diane-gilman-jeans_n_3110572.html) , Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . Retrieved August 23, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "HSN denim diva Diane Gilman hitting stride in her 60s" (https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/retail/hsn-denim-diva-diane-gilman-hitting-stride-in-her-60s/2116287/) . Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Diane Gilman's Jeans And Book Encourage Women To 'Age Agelessly' (http://www.creativeaging.org/news-blog/news/diane-gilmans-jeans-and-book-encourage-women-age-agelessly) " (http://www.creativeaging.org/news-blog/news/diane-gilmans-jeans-and-book-encourage-women-age-agelessly) . Crativeaging.org . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Horyn, Cathy (July 17, 2012). "Home Shopping For Baby Boomers" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/19/fashion/home-shopping-for-baby-boomers.html?_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "CBS" (http://www.cbs.com/shows/cbs_this_morning/video/0Z8CnvRsgQH_8fqZtdVzqfULP9OIX3Mc/major-designers-turn-to-tv-for-big-business) . CBS (/wiki/CBS) . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Diane Gilman" (https://huffingtonpost.com/diane-gilman/) . Huffingtonpost.com . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "A Letter From Mindy" (https://view.hsn.net/WebDocuments/Newsletter/published/201304/index.html) . View.hsn.net . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Highlights of HSN Gala from host Shivan Sarna" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150105213626/http://community.hsn.com/t5/HSN-Blogs/Highlights-of-HSN-Gala-from-host-Shivan-Sarna/ba-p/472477) . Hsn.net. Archived from the original (https://community.hsn.com/t5/HSN-Blogs/Highlights-of-HSN-Gala-from-host-Shivan-Sarna/ba-p/472477) on January 5, 2015 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "A Night In OZ - The HSN 2011 Awards Gala" (https://view.hsn.net/WebDocuments/Newsletter/published/201205/index.html) . View.hsn.net . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "23rd Annual Entrepreneurial & Business Women's Expo - New Castle County Chamber of Commerce New Castle, DE" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212320/http://www.ncccc.com/cwt/External/WCPages/WCEvents/EventDetail.aspx?EventID=1450) . Nccc.com. Archived from the original (http://www.ncccc.com/cwt/External/WCPages/WCEvents/EventDetail.aspx?EventID=1450) on October 28, 2014 . Retrieved October 28, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://dianegilman.com/) Huffingpost.com (https://huffingtonpost.com/diane-gilman/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐7898bc4b87‐pjjzz Cached time: 20240711194532 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.333 seconds Real time usage: 0.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1003/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29098/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 782/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 63853/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.208/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5178309/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 389.807 1 -total 54.49% 212.407 1 Template:Reflist 44.74% 174.405 16 Template:Cite_web 23.40% 91.220 1 Template:Short_description 15.38% 59.959 2 Template:Pagetype 6.40% 24.963 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates 6.23% 24.297 1 Template:Authority_control 5.65% 22.005 1 Template:Official_website 4.86% 18.958 5 Template:Main_other 4.42% 17.215 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42805525-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711194532 and revision id 1233949893. 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Rugby apparel and equipment Webb Ellis Ltd. Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2003 ; 21 years ago ( 2003 ) [1] (#cite_note-hist-1) Founder Rod and Lawrence Webb [1] (#cite_note-hist-1) Headquarters London (/wiki/London) [2] (#cite_note-2) , England (/wiki/England) Area served Worldwide Key people Lawrence Webb, CEO (/wiki/CEO) [3] (#cite_note-3) Products Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , rugby union balls (/wiki/Rugby_union_ball) , netballs, accessories Website webbellisrugby.co.uk (https://webbellisrugby.co.uk/) Webb Ellis Limited is a British manufacturing company (/wiki/Manufacturing_company) based in London (/wiki/London) . The company, focused on rugby union (/wiki/Rugby_union) and netball (/wiki/Netball) , manufactures a wide range of sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) , including sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , rugby union balls (/wiki/Rugby_union_ball) , protective gear (/wiki/Protective_gear_in_sports) , and accessories. [1] (#cite_note-hist-1) In the last years, Webb Ellis expanded its direction entering to the market of school uniforms (/wiki/School_uniforms_in_England) . [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The company was founded in January 2003 by Rod and Lawrence Webb, as a manufacturer of products for the practise of rugby union that included team uniforms, boots and balls. [1] (#cite_note-hist-1) The first important contract for Webb Ellis came the same year of its foundation, when the company signed a deal with European Professional Club Rugby (/wiki/European_Professional_Club_Rugby) to supply official balls for the European Champions Cup (/wiki/European_Rugby_Champions_Cup) (then "Heineken Cup"). Three years later, the Welsh Rugby Union (/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union) chose the Webb Ellis balls for its national team (/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team) home internationals. During the following years, Webb Ellis expanded its business area adding distributors in Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) , France (/wiki/France) , USA, Canada, Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) , Uruguay (/wiki/Uruguay) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , South Africa, Japan (/wiki/Japan) , Australia and New Zealand. [1] (#cite_note-hist-1) Sponsorships [ edit ] Clubs and associations that have/had deals with Webb Ellis include: Current [ edit ] Rugby union ball by Webb Ellis Banco Hipotecario (/wiki/Club_Banco_Hipotecario) Los Cedros (/wiki/Club_Los_Cedros) Centro Naval (/wiki/Centro_Naval) Círculo Universitario (/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_Universitario_de_Quilmes) Marista (/wiki/Marista_Rugby_Club) San Carlos Sociedad Hebraica SITAS (/wiki/Sociedad_Italiana_de_Tiro_al_Segno) Los Tilos (/wiki/Club_de_Rugby_Los_Tilos) Sociedad Hebraica Wallingford RFC Former [ edit ] Clubs [ edit ] CASA de Padua (/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_San_Antonio_de_Padua) Los Cedros (/wiki/Club_Los_Cedros) DAOM (/wiki/Club_DAOM) Delta (/wiki/Delta_Rugby_Club) [5] (#cite_note-news-5) La Salle (/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Ex-Alumnos_del_Colegio_de_La_Salle) Lanús RC (/wiki/Lan%C3%BAs_Rugby_Club) Liceo Militar (/wiki/Liceo_Militar) Liceo RC (Mendoza) Lomas Athletic (/wiki/Lomas_Athletic_Club) [5] (#cite_note-news-5) Los Tilos (/wiki/Club_de_Rugby_Los_Tilos) [6] (#cite_note-6) Mariano Moreno (/wiki/Club_y_Biblioteca_Mariano_Moreno) San Lorenzo (/wiki/San_Lorenzo_de_Almagro) Tigre RC (/wiki/Tigre_Rugby_Club) Bogotá Athletic Club South Leicester (/wiki/South_Leicester_RFC) [5] (#cite_note-news-5) Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn_Rugby) New York (/wiki/New_York_Rugby_Club) Michigan RU (/wiki/Michigan_Rugby_Football_Union) Unions [ edit ] Buenos Aires RU (/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Rugby_de_Buenos_Aires) - referees kits [7] (#cite_note-7) Córdoba RU (/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Cordobesa_de_Rugby) Rosario RU (/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Rugby_de_Rosario) Tucumán RU (/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Rugby_de_Tucum%C3%A1n) Welsh Rugby Union (/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union) - ball supplier References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e History (https://web.archive.org/web/20111129003655/http://www.webb-ellis.co.uk/history.htm) on Webb Ellis (archived, 29 Nov 2011) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Web Ellis on Company Data Rex website (http://www.cdrex.com/william-webb-ellis-sportswear-limited-7491026.html) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Webb Ellis on Bloomberg business website (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a.Yx9pYW00cg&refer=uk) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Schools (https://www.webb-ellis.co.uk/schools/) on Webb Ellis, 5 Dec 2019 ^ Jump up to: a b c Teams signing with Webb Ellis - official website (http://www.webb-ellis.co.uk/news.asp) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Webb Ellis renueva con Los Tilos" - Argentine Webb Ellis official blog (http://webbellisnews.blogspot.com/) , 2012-01-02 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Los árbitros de la URBA estrenaron indumentaria (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205243/http://xeltic.com.ar/) on Argentine website (archived), Mar 4, 2016 External links [ edit ] Official website (https://webbellisrugby.co.uk/) Webb Ellis Schools (https://www.webb-ellis.co.uk/) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. List by sport include only current products manufactured Multi-sports Acerbis (/wiki/Acerbis) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Admiral (/wiki/Admiral_Sportswear) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Alpine Pro (/wiki/Alpine_Pro) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) BLK (/wiki/BLK_(sportswear)) Burley-Sekem (/wiki/Burley-Sekem) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Charly (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Classic (/wiki/Classic_Sportswear) Descente (/wiki/Descente) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) ERKE (/wiki/ERKE) Erreà (/wiki/Erre%C3%A0) EvoShield (/wiki/EvoShield) FBT (/wiki/FBT_(company)) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Fischer (/wiki/Fischer_(company)) 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) Garcis (/wiki/Garcis) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Grand Sport (/wiki/Grand_Sport_Group) Grays (/wiki/Grays_International) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Hummel (/wiki/Hummel_International) ISC (/wiki/ISC_(sportswear)) Jako (/wiki/Jako) Joma (/wiki/Joma) Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kelme (/wiki/Kelme_(company)) Kookaburra (/wiki/Kookaburra_Sport) Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lotto (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Luanvi (/wiki/Luanvi) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Macron (/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)) Majestic (/wiki/Majestic_Athletic) Mikasa (/wiki/Mikasa_Sports) Mitchell & Ness (/wiki/Mitchell_%26_Ness) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Molten (/wiki/Molten_Corporation) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) On (/wiki/On_(company)) NAAI (/wiki/NAAI) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Nivia (/wiki/Nivia_Sports) O'Neills (/wiki/O%27Neills) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Penalty (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Poker (/wiki/Poker_(sports_manufacturer)) Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Reusch (/wiki/Reusch_(company)) Russell (/wiki/Russell_Athletic) Schutt (/wiki/Schutt_Sports) Scott (/wiki/Scott_Sports) Signia (/wiki/Signia_(sportswear)) Skins (/wiki/Skins_(sportswear)) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sportika (/wiki/Sportika) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Topper (/wiki/Topper_(brand)) Uhlsport (/wiki/Uhlsport) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Voit (/wiki/Voit) XBlades (/wiki/XBlades) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Warrior (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Warrix Sports (/wiki/Warrix_Sports) Wilson (/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) Yonex (/wiki/Yonex) 2XU (/wiki/2XU) Association football (/wiki/Association_football) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(company)) Bukta (/wiki/Bukta) Capelli (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Finta (/wiki/Finta) Marathon (/wiki/Marathon_Sports) Nanque (/wiki/Nanque) Patrick (/wiki/Patrick_(sportswear_company)) Select (/wiki/Select_Sport) SIX5SIX (/wiki/SIX5SIX) Sport-Saller (/wiki/Sport-Saller) St Margaret's (/wiki/N._Corah_%26_Sons) Australian football (/wiki/Australian_rules_football) Cotton On (/wiki/Cotton_On) Sherrin (/wiki/Sherrin) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball) / softball (/wiki/Softball) DeMarini (/wiki/DeMarini) Louisville Slugger (/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby) Marucci (/wiki/Marucci_Sports) Nokona (/wiki/Nocona_Athletic_Goods_Company) Rawlings (/wiki/Rawlings_(company)) Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) First Ever (/wiki/First_Ever) Spalding (/wiki/Spalding_(company)) Boxing (/wiki/Boxing) Boxa (/wiki/Boxa) Everlast (/wiki/Everlast_(brand)) Lonsdale (/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)) Sting (/wiki/Sting_Sports) Twins Special (/wiki/Twins_Special) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket) CA (/wiki/CA_Sports) County (/wiki/Hunts_County) Dukes (/wiki/British_Cricket_Balls_Ltd) Duncan Fearnley (/wiki/Duncan_Fearnley) Gray-Nicolls (/wiki/Gray-Nicolls) Gunn & Moore (/wiki/Gunn_%26_Moore) Sanspareils Greenlands (/wiki/Sanspareils_Greenlands) Sareen (/wiki/Sareen_Sports_Industries) Stuart Surridge (/wiki/Stuart_Surridge) Cue sports (/wiki/Cue_sports) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation) Parris Cues (/wiki/Parris_Cues) Riley (/wiki/Riley_(brand)) Cycling (/wiki/Cycle_sport) Bell Sports (/wiki/Bell_Sports) Castelli (/wiki/Castelli_(brand)) Giro (/wiki/Giro_(company)) Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) Northwave (/wiki/Northwave) Santini SMS (/wiki/Santini_SMS) SIDI (/wiki/SIDI) Troy Lee (/wiki/Troy_Lee_Designs) Darts (/wiki/Darts) Winmau (/wiki/Winmau) Golf (/wiki/Golf) Adams (/wiki/Adams_Golf) Ashworth (/wiki/Ashworth_(clothing)) Bettinardi (/wiki/Bettinardi_Golf) Bridgestone (/wiki/Bridgestone_Golf) Callaway (/wiki/Callaway_Golf_Company) Cleveland (/wiki/Cleveland_Golf) Cobra (/wiki/Cobra_Golf) FootJoy (/wiki/FootJoy) Forgan 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The appearance of yamabushi . Various items which yamabushi usually wear and bear are shown in this image, such as tokin , suzukake , yuigesa , horagai , kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) , oi , katabako , irataka nenju and shakujō . The tokin ( 頭襟、兜巾、頭巾、ときん ) is a small, black, box-shaped hat traditional to Japan, which yamabushi (/wiki/Yamabushi) (mountain ascetic hermits) of shugendō (/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D) wear on their foreheads. The tokin has been worn since the Kamakura period (/wiki/Kamakura_period) (1185–1333) or the Muromachi period (/wiki/Muromachi_period) (1336–1573). [1] (#cite_note-kokugo-daijiten-1) [2] (#cite_note-sekai-daihyakka-2) Yamabushi and tengu [ edit ] Statue of a karasu- tengu (/wiki/Tengu) as a yamabushi wearing a tokin The tokin is one of the standard items which yamabushi (/wiki/Yamabushi) wear as a uniform. When practising shugendō (/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D) in the deep mountains, they wear suzukake , a set consisting of upper robe and trousers, Yuigesa (/w/index.php?title=Yuigesa&action=edit&redlink=1) ( 結袈裟 ), a harness or sash adorned with pom-poms (/wiki/Pom-pom) on the body, irataka nenju (Buddhist Prayer beads) on the side, a tokin on the head, Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) ( 脚絆 ), on the calves, sandals made from straw, hold Shakujō (/wiki/Shakuj%C5%8D) ( 錫杖 ), a metal rod, in their hands, wear Oi (/wiki/Backpack) ( 笈 ), a kind of backpack, and katabako , a box borne on the shoulders containing prayers, paperwork and writing supplies, and blow a Horagai (/wiki/Horagai) ( 法螺貝 ) (conch-shell horn). These sacred items may guard them from the malicious spirits (/wiki/Kami) , thus they are safe in the deep forests. This style was established in the Kamakura (/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate) or Muromachi (/wiki/Muromachi_period) period, and the contemporary yamabushi keep this tradition today. [2] (#cite_note-sekai-daihyakka-2) Tengu (/wiki/Tengu) , dangerous yet protective spirits of the mountains and forests, are depicted in the style of yamabushi , and are also shown wearing the tokin . [2] (#cite_note-sekai-daihyakka-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Forms and symbolism [ edit ] The tokin is usually a small, black box-shaped hat, which is made of lacquered and hardened cloth or wood. The top of the tokin looks like a small round tower. It has the pentagonal box shape, and twelve folds surround this pentagon. Its pentagonal form represents gochi no hōkan , the jeweled crown of the five wisdoms, which is the crown of the buddha (/wiki/Buddha) Vairocana (/wiki/Vairocana) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Twelve folds represent jūni-innen ( Twelve Nidānas (/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da) ) ; the color black represents the kleshas (/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)) of human beings. [2] (#cite_note-sekai-daihyakka-2) There are also different forms of tokin . Large-type tokin cover the head entirely. [2] (#cite_note-sekai-daihyakka-2) [1] (#cite_note-kokugo-daijiten-1) Tokin and zukin [ edit ] In common and modern Japanese, the word tokin is rendered in kanji (/wiki/Kanji) like the word zukin (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%B7%BE) ( 頭巾 ) , another type of Japanese headgear that mainly wraps or folds cloth to cover the head and face; [5] (#cite_note-5) however, despite being written identically, tokin and zukin are quite different. References [ edit ] ^ a b (ja) Kotobank Kokugo-Daijiten (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A0%AD%E5%B7%BE%E3%83%BB%E5%85%9C%E5%B7%BE%E3%83%BB%E9%A0%AD%E8%A5%9F-2067067) (retrieved 09 June 2022) ^ a b c d e (ja) Kotobank Sekai-Daihyakkajiten (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%9C%E5%B7%BE%28%E9%A0%AD%E5%B7%BE%29-1189553) (retrieved 09 June 2022) ^ (#cite_ref-3) (ja) Kotobank Tengu (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%97-102256) (retrieved 09 June 2022) ^ (#cite_ref-4) (ja) Kotobank, gochi no hōkan (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%94%E6%99%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9D%E5%86%A0-502239) (retrieved 9 June 2022) ^ (#cite_ref-5) (ja) digital daijisen (https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/jn/%E9%A0%AD%E5%B7%BE/m1u/) (retrieved 09 June 2022) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) 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Mary Jane Russell Mary Jane Russell in 1952 Born Mary Jane Walton ( 1926-07-10 ) July 10, 1926 Teaneck (/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey) , New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , U.S. Died November 20, 2003 (2003-11-20) (aged 77) Charleston (/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina) , South Carolina (/wiki/South_Carolina) , U.S. Occupation model Years active 1948–1964 Spouse Edward Russell Children 3 Mary Jane Russell (July 10, 1926 – November 20, 2003) was a New York City-based American photographic fashion model active from 1948 to 1961. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) She often worked with Louise Dahl-Wolfe (/wiki/Louise_Dahl-Wolfe) and Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) , and appeared on many covers for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) during the course of her modelling career. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Her husband was Edward Russell, who became president of the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach (/wiki/Doyle_Dane_Bernbach) . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Early life [ edit ] Mary Jane Walton was born on 10 July 1926 in Teaneck, New Jersey (/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey) , attended Teaneck High School (/wiki/Teaneck_High_School) , and studied art at Sarah Lawrence College (/wiki/Sarah_Lawrence_College) in New York. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) During her time at Sarah Lawrence, Edward Russell, a classmate of hers from Teaneck, sent her love letters featuring hand-drawn cartoons from the South Pacific where he was serving in the war (/wiki/World_War_II) as a radioman (/wiki/Radioman) for the Navy (/wiki/United_States_Air_Force) . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-postobit-2) After Edward returned from the War, they were married on 21 December 1946 to take advantage of the longest night of the year. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-postobit-2) Their wartime romance was featured by Larry King (/wiki/Larry_King) in his 2001 book, Love Stories of World War II . [3] (#cite_note-3) Modelling career [ edit ] Mary Jane Russell began her modelling career in 1948, and was signed with Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) for the duration. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Eileen Ford (/wiki/Eileen_Ford) remembered her as being short by traditional female modeling standards (she was 5'6) [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) and lacking confidence in her looks, but "exquisite". [4] (#cite_note-eileen-4) Her long neck and classical features were perfectly suited to the fashions of the period. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) She became a favourite model of the photographer Louise Dahl-Wolfe, to the extent that when an unwritten rule was encountered where model and photographer could not work together a third time, Dahl-Wolfe unsuccessfully hunted for a suitable replacement. [5] (#cite_note-snow-5) Eventually, Carmel Snow (/wiki/Carmel_Snow) , the editor of Harper's Bazaar , intervened and personally asked Russell to work with Dahl-Wolfe a third time. [5] (#cite_note-snow-5) Irving Solero, the photographer for the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) , has estimated that 30% of Dahl-Wolfe's photographs featured Mary Jane. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Russell was also a favourite model of Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) , who remembered her qualities of concentration and tenderness. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Two of Penn's better known images of her were Girl Drinking , published in Vogue in 1949, and the 1951 photograph Girl with Tobacco on Tongue . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) As Russell did not smoke, the process of taking the latter photograph made her physically sick. [4] (#cite_note-eileen-4) She also sat for Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) and William Klein (/wiki/William_Klein_(photographer)) . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Lawsuit [ edit ] In 1956 Mary Jane Russell took legal proceedings against a number of companies over the inappropriate use of an advertising image for Marlboro Book Shops. The image, taken by Avedon, [6] (#cite_note-pember-6) showed her and a man reading in bed together, captioned "For people who take their reading seriously". [7] (#cite_note-kip-7) The image was subsequently sold by the Marlboro Book Shops to a bedsheets company, Spring Mills Inc., where it was touched up to give the man a beard, and advertised in three magazines ( Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) , Look (/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)) , and Promenade ), inviting readers to submit their own captions, such as "Lost Between the Covers". [7] (#cite_note-kip-7) The company was associated with sleazy advertising, which meant that it had difficulty persuading top-end models to consent to work for them, [6] (#cite_note-pember-6) and Russell, who had not authorized the image to be reused in this way, considered it damaging to her reputation. [7] (#cite_note-kip-7) She subsequently sued both companies, and the three magazines who ran the advertisement. [7] (#cite_note-kip-7) The decision of the New York Supreme Court (/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court) in 1959 was that the broad release form she had signed with Avedon to allow Marlboro Book Shops use of the image had not authorized its use by other companies. [8] (#cite_note-law-8) In addition to this the substantial alterations made to the image meant it was no longer the same portrait that Russell had agreed could be used, and therefore she was entitled to damages. [8] (#cite_note-law-8) The case is still sometimes referenced and used as a case study in law textbooks. [6] (#cite_note-pember-6) [8] (#cite_note-law-8) Later life and death [ edit ] After retiring from modelling, Mary Jane Russell and her husband lived in Pound Ridge, New York (/wiki/Pound_Ridge,_New_York) for 37 years, where she involved herself with local zoning (/wiki/Zoning) and environmental issues. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) The Russells then relocated to Bluffton, South Carolina (/wiki/Bluffton,_South_Carolina) , [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) where Mary Jane involved herself in local Democratic politics. [2] (#cite_note-postobit-2) In 2003, Mary Jane died in a Charleston hospital of pulmonary fibrosis (/wiki/Pulmonary_fibrosis) which had been diagnosed only a few weeks previously. She was survived by her husband and their three sons. [2] (#cite_note-postobit-2) Edward Russell died in 2007. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Horyn, Cathy (8 December 2003). "Mary Jane Russell, 77, Model Seen Often on Magazine Covers" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/08/arts/mary-jane-russell-77-model-seen-often-on-magazine-covers.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Associated Press (9 December 2003). "Ford fashion model, Russell, part of famous WWII love story, dies" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8aFbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3lENAAAAIBAJ&pg=2331,3542751&dq=mary-jane-russell+model&hl=en) . The Post and Courier . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) King, Larry (2001). Love stories of World War II (1st ed.). New York, NY: Crown Publ. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0609607235 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Reflections" (https://books.google.com/books?id=a7Q06aNqsJcC&pg=PA47) . American Photo . 7 (4): 47. July–August 1996 . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rowlands, Penelope (2010). A Dash of Daring: Carmel Snow and Her Life In Fashion, Art, and Letters . Simon & Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781416516217 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Pember, Don R. (1987). Mass Media Law . William C. Brown Company. p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780697043689 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "News of the Ads: The model who sued" (https://books.google.com/books?id=GwEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40) . Changing Times: The Kiplinger Magazine . 10 : 40. October 1956 . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Roy L. Moore; Michael D. Murray (2008). Media law and ethics (3 ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 538 . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "EDWARD RUSSELL (1925-2007) Fashion studies, 1950s" (http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/photographs/edward-russell-fashion-studies-1950s-5544591-details.aspx) . Christie's . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . 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Fashion and music event in Japan The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for events (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "GirlsAward 2014 Autumn/Winter" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22GirlsAward+2014+Autumn%2FWinter%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) GirlsAward 2014 Autumn/Winter Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Date(s) October 1, 2014 Location(s) Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan Inaugurated 2010 Founder GirlsAward executive committee Previous event 2014 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2014_Spring/Summer) Next event 2015 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2015_Spring/Summer) Attendance 34,000 [1] (#cite_note-modelpress20141001-1) Sponsors Ministry of Foreign Affairs (/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)) , Tokyo Metropolitan Government (/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government) Fuji Television (/wiki/Fuji_Television) Website 2014aw (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) .girls-award (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) .com (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) /pc (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) / (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) GirlsAward (/wiki/GirlsAward) 2014 Autumn/Winter ( ガールズアワード , 2014 Autumn/Winter ) is a fashion and music event held on October 1, 2014, at Yoyogi National Gymnasium 1st Gymnasium (/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium) in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan. It was 10th anniversary event and held under the theme of "LOVE ME 10DER. LOVE ME TENDER." [2] (#cite_note-2) The main MC is Japanese comedian duo Oriental Radio (/wiki/Oriental_Radio) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Models [ edit ] These models were present: [1] (#cite_note-modelpress20141001-1) Aina Sayaka Akimoto (/wiki/Sayaka_Akimoto) (former AKB48 (/wiki/AKB48) ) Saki Amamiya AMO Yuko Araki (/wiki/Yuko_Araki) Mayuko Arisue (/wiki/Mayuko_Arisue) Marie Iitoyo (/wiki/Marie_Iitoyo) Nicole Ishida Haru Izumi Nina Itō Hana Imai IMALU Mao Ueda Arisa Urahama Amy Manami Enosawa emma Elli-Rose Niina Endō Mitsuki Oishi (/wiki/Mitsuki_Oishi) Ayaka Audrey Ito Ōno Sayaka Okada Azusa Okamoto Anri Okamoto (/wiki/Anri_Okamoto) Nanaka Ozawa Erika Oda Nonoka Ono (/wiki/Nonoka_Ono) Kaeun ( After School (/wiki/After_School_(band)) ) Miwako Kakei Narumi Kajimoto Natsuki Katō (/wiki/Natsuki_Kat%C5%8D) CAROLINA Mayuko Kawakita (/wiki/Mayuko_Kawakita) Cecil Kishimoto (/wiki/Cecil_Kishimoto) Shiori Kitayama Reina Kizu Yukina Kinoshita (/wiki/Yukina_Kinoshita) Akiko Kuji Kana Kurashina (/wiki/Kana_Kurashina) Kelly Ann Yuui Kodama Nana Komatsu (/wiki/Nana_Komatsu) Chihiro Kondō Yui Sakuma (/wiki/Yui_Sakuma) Nozomi Sasaki (/wiki/Nozomi_Sasaki_(model)) Arisa Sato (/wiki/Arisa_Sato_(model)) Satoumi Miki Satō Yuki Shikanuma Mai Shiraishi (/wiki/Mai_Shiraishi) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ) Yua Shinkawa (/wiki/Yua_Shinkawa) Yūka Suzuki Yūna Suzuki Haruna Sekiguchi Sonmi (/wiki/Sonmi) Shū Takada Riho Takada (/wiki/Riho_Takada) Haruna Takahashi Maryjun Takahashi (/wiki/Maryjun_Takahashi) Karen Takizawa (/wiki/Karen_Takizawa) Eri Tachibana Tina Tamashiro (/wiki/Tina_Tamashiro) Akemi Darenogare Tsubasa Toshimizu Reina Triendl (/wiki/Reina_Triendl) Mariya Nagao (/wiki/Mariya_Nagao) ( AKB48 (/wiki/AKB48) ) Kurumi Nakada An Nakamura Risa Nakamura Nana (/wiki/Nana_(singer)) (Afterschool) Nanase Nishino (/wiki/Nanase_Nishino) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ) Tomoko Nozaki Moeka Nozaki Nanami Hashimoto (/wiki/Nanami_Hashimoto) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ) Yumi Higashino Suzu Hirose (/wiki/Suzu_Hirose) Sachi Fujii Lena Fujii (/wiki/Lena_Fujii) Miki Fujimoto (/wiki/Miki_Fujimoto) Seika Furuhata (/wiki/Seika_Furuhata) Akane Hotta (/wiki/Akane_Hotta) Maggy (/wiki/Maggy_(model)) Airi Matsui (/wiki/Airi_Matsui) Rena Matsui (/wiki/Rena_Matsui) ( SKE48 (/wiki/SKE48) and Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ) Sayuri Matsumura (/wiki/Sayuri_Matsumura) ( Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) ) Kiyo Matsumoto Nozomi Matsumoto Marie Arie Mizusawa Yuka Mizuhara Kaoru Mitsumune (/wiki/Kaoru_Mitsumune) Akina Minami (/wiki/Akina_Minami) Mai Miyagi Satoko Miyata Miyu Ayaka Miyoshi (/wiki/Ayaka_Miyoshi) Yōko Melody Alissa Yagi (/wiki/Alissa_Yagi) Hirona Yamazaki (/wiki/Hirona_Yamazaki) Yūki Yamamoto Maomi Yuki (/wiki/Maomi_Yuki) Hinano Yoshikawa (/wiki/Hinano_Yoshikawa) Natsumi Yoshida Youn-a (/wiki/Youn-a) Loveli (/wiki/Loveli) Mai Watanabe Artists [ edit ] These artists performed: [1] (#cite_note-modelpress20141001-1) Alexandra Stan Nogizaka46 (/wiki/Nogizaka46) May J. (/wiki/May_J.) Mariya Nishiuchi (/wiki/Mariya_Nishiuchi) DOBERMAN INFINITY Da-ice (/wiki/Da-ice) Kemio & Amigachu NU'EST YU-A Brands [ edit ] These brands were present: [4] (#cite_note-4) Another Edition Avan Lily BANANA CHIPS BEAMS Bershka CLEOPATRA fig COCO DEAL Dickies FOREVER 21 GUILD PRIME Heather JEANASIS JILL by JILLSTUART Kastane KIMONO PRINCESS Lily Brown LOVELESS LOWRYS FARM MIIA MOUSSY OZOC RESEXXY ROSE BUD ROYAL PARTY SLY SPINNS SPIRALGIRL titty&Co. WEGO References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c 佐々木希、藤井リナ、菜々緒ら豪華競演 歴代テラハも涙で集結「Girls Award 2014 A／W」＜写真特集＞ (in Japanese). modelpress. 2014-10-01 . Retrieved 2016-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) 日本最大級のファッション＆音楽イベント ～GirlsAward 2014 AUTUMN/WINTER～ 開催決定！！ 記念すべき第10回目を迎える今回も豪華出演者が大集合！ (in Japanese). The Sankei Shimbun. 2014-07-18 . Retrieved 2016-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) 【GirlsAward】まいまい＆華らが涙 「テラハ」新旧メンバーがラスト共演 (in Japanese). oricon ME inc. 2014-10-01 . Retrieved 2016-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) BRAND ガールズアワード GirlsAward 2014 AUTUMN/WINTER Official WEB (in Japanese). GirlsAward . Retrieved 2016-10-29 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://2014aw.girls-award.com/pc/) v t e GirlsAward (/wiki/GirlsAward) Events 2009 2010 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2010_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2010 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2010_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2011_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2011_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2012_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2012_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 S/S (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2013_Spring/Summer&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 A/W (/w/index.php?title=GirlsAward_2013_Autumn/Winter&action=edit&redlink=1) 2014 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2014_Spring/Summer) 2014 A/W 2015 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2015_Spring/Summer) 2015 A/W (/wiki/GirlsAward_2015_Autumn/Winter) 2016 S/S (/wiki/GirlsAward_2016_Spring/Summer) 2016 A/W (/wiki/GirlsAward_2016_Autumn/Winter) Other fashion show Tokyo Girls Collection (/wiki/Tokyo_Girls_Collection) Kobe Collection (/wiki/Kobe_Collection) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Regulations surrounding body piercing in the UK In the UK, the body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) industry is largely unregulated. Tattooing and body piercing studios must be licenced [1] (#cite_note-1) but there are no national standards to reduce health risks or specific requirements for professional competence, leading to concerns over infection and proper practice. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Unlike tattoos, there is no minimum age for most piercings in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. However, people must be over 18 to have their genitals pierced (including female nipples). In Scotland, under-16s must have a parent or guardian's assistance and the parent or guardian must be present during the piercing. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In Wales, it is an offence to pierce or arrange to pierce the tongue, genitals or nipples of under-18s. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2013, a tattooing and piercing guidance toolkit was released, aiming to promote national safety and consistency across the industry by informing local authorities and businesses about good standards of practice. [7] (#cite_note-7) This toolkit was endorsed by the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health ( CIEH ), Public Health England ( PHE ), the Health and Safety Laboratory ( HSL ), and the Tattoo and Piercing Industry Union ( TPIU ). It addressed health concerns such as the risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Considered regulation [ edit ] Wales is the only UK country planning a compulsory licensing scheme for tattoo parlours and piercing studios. The legislative work for this scheme was due to be brought in during 2020, but the scheme was delayed by Brexit and the Covid pandemic. [8] (#cite_note-8) Under this legislation, technicians who have a poor history of infection would be prevented from moving counties and setting up new businesses. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2011, the Welsh government proposed that under-16s should not be allowed to have cosmetic piercings without their parents' permission; however, this was not implemented. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Smith, Louise (12 May 2010). "Regulation of tattooing and body piercing businesses" (https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05079/SN05079.pdf) (PDF) . ^ Jump up to: a b "PHE supports new tattooing and body piercing guidance" (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-supports-new-tattooing-and-body-piercing-guidance) . GOV.UK . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) RSPH. "RSPH calls for overhaul of infection control in UK shops offering tattoos and piercings" (https://www.rsph.org.uk/about-us/news/rsph-calls-for-overhaul-of-infection-control-in-uk-shops-offering-tattoos-and-piercings.html) . www.rsph.org.uk . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Staff, The Mix (25 September 2012). "Tattoo & Piercing | What Age Can You Get A Tattoo In The UK?" (http://www.themix.org.uk/your-body/appearance/tattoos-and-piercings-7484.html) . The Mix . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Children and body piercing – Basic Body Piercing Advice" (https://www.bbpa.org.uk/children-and-body-piercing/) . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Wales ban on tongue and intimate piercings for under 18s" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-42872192) . BBC News . 1 February 2018 . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tattooing and body piercing guidance Toolkit | National Resource for Infection Control (NRIC)" (https://www.nric.org.uk/node/53876) . www.nric.org.uk . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Stricter rules for tattoos and piercings in Wales" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-64372294) . BBC News . 24 January 2023 . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Tattoo parlours pose infection risk, warn health experts" (https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48613789) . BBC News . 14 June 2019 . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Parents 'should approve skin piercings for under-16s' (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-15335707) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-15335707) . BBC News . 18 October 2011 . Retrieved 25 February 2024 . This body modification (/wiki/Body_modification) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Body_piercing_regulation_in_the_UK&action=edit) . v t e This article relating to law in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom) , or its constituent jurisdictions, is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shawls (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shawls) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4x2p8 Cached time: 20240720165050 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.055 seconds Real time usage: 0.077 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2379/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 239/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946194/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 70.121 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 70.121 1 -total 96.52% 67.680 1 Template:Sister_project 94.18% 66.039 1 Template:Side_box 7.41% 5.195 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:9924310-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165050 and revision id 1175334038. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. I Indian shawls and wraps (/wiki/Category:Indian_shawls_and_wraps) (13 P) P Pakistani shawls and wraps (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_shawls_and_wraps) (2 P) S Scarves (/wiki/Category:Scarves) (1 C, 35 P, 1 F) Pages in category "Shawls and wraps" The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) A Academic stole (/wiki/Academic_stole) Afghan (blanket) (/wiki/Afghan_(blanket)) Aguayo (cloth) (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Alasho (/wiki/Alasho) Angola (shawl) (/wiki/Angola_(shawl)) Argon (clothing) (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Arisaid (/wiki/Arisaid) D Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) F Faixa (/wiki/Faixa) Fichu (/wiki/Fichu) Fouta towel (/wiki/Fouta_towel) G Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Għonnella (/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella) H Haapsalu shawl (/wiki/Haapsalu_shawl) Humeral veil (/wiki/Humeral_veil) J Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) K Kashmir shawl (/wiki/Kashmir_shawl) Khes (/wiki/Khes) L Lahori chaddar (/wiki/Lahori_chaddar) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) M Manila shawl (/wiki/Manila_shawl) Melhfa (/wiki/Melhfa) N Netela (/wiki/Netela) P Paisley shawls (/wiki/Paisley_shawls) Palla (garment) (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Pavlovo Posad shawl (/wiki/Pavlovo_Posad_shawl) R Rampur chaddar (/wiki/Rampur_chaddar) S Sash (/wiki/Sash) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Scapular (/wiki/Scapular) Shahtoosh (/wiki/Shahtoosh) Stole (vestment) (/wiki/Stole_(vestment)) T Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shawls_and_wraps&oldid=1175334038 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shawls_and_wraps&oldid=1175334038) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Fashion accessories (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessories) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Body modification (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Body_modification) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Body modification (/wiki/Body_modification) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. B Body piercing (/wiki/Category:Body_piercing) (8 C, 27 P) Bodybuilding (/wiki/Category:Bodybuilding) (15 C, 31 P) C Cosmetic surgery (/wiki/Category:Cosmetic_surgery) (4 C, 32 P) D Dental modification (/wiki/Category:Dental_modification) (4 P) F Foot binding (/wiki/Category:Foot_binding) (4 P) G Genital modification and mutilation (/wiki/Category:Genital_modification_and_mutilation) (4 C, 13 P) H Hair coloring (/wiki/Category:Hair_coloring) (16 P) I Implants (medicine) (/wiki/Category:Implants_(medicine)) (7 C, 172 P) M Modern primitive (/wiki/Category:Modern_primitive) (5 P) Mutilation (/wiki/Category:Mutilation) (3 C, 13 P) P People known for their body modification (/wiki/Category:People_known_for_their_body_modification) (1 C, 21 P) Plastic surgery (/wiki/Category:Plastic_surgery) (8 C, 93 P) Body modification process (/wiki/Category:Body_modification_process) (1 C, 3 P) S Scarification (/wiki/Category:Scarification) (5 P) T Tattooing (/wiki/Category:Tattooing) (11 C, 40 P) Σ Body modification stubs (/wiki/Category:Body_modification_stubs) (29 P) Pages in category "Body modification" The following 69 pages are in this category, out of 69 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Body modification (/wiki/Body_modification) List of body modifications (/wiki/List_of_body_modifications) A Adornment (/wiki/Adornment) American Mary (/wiki/American_Mary) Anal bleaching (/wiki/Anal_bleaching) Angellift (/wiki/Angellift) Artificial cranial deformation (/wiki/Artificial_cranial_deformation) Autoenucleation (/wiki/Autoenucleation) Aztec body modification (/wiki/Aztec_body_modification) B Bagel head (/wiki/Bagel_head) BMEzine (/wiki/BMEzine) Edward Bodkin (/wiki/Edward_Bodkin) Body art (/wiki/Body_art) Association of Professional Piercers (/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Piercers) Body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) Body suit (tattoo) (/wiki/Body_suit_(tattoo)) Bodybuilding (/wiki/Bodybuilding) Breast binding (/wiki/Breast_binding) Breast ironing (/wiki/Breast_ironing) C Church of Body Modification (/wiki/Church_of_Body_Modification) Circumcision in Africa (/wiki/Circumcision_in_Africa) Comprachicos (/wiki/Comprachicos) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Cranioplasty (/wiki/Cranioplasty) Culture of cosmetic surgery (/wiki/Culture_of_cosmetic_surgery) Cyborg art (/wiki/Cyborg_art) E Ear shaping (/wiki/Ear_shaping) Extraocular implant (/wiki/Extraocular_implant) F Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) G Gotai (/wiki/Gotai) Grindhouse Wetware (/wiki/Grindhouse_Wetware) H Jim Hall (body artist) (/wiki/Jim_Hall_(body_artist)) Steve Haworth (/wiki/Steve_Haworth) Heartbeat in the Brain (/wiki/Heartbeat_in_the_Brain) Body horror (/wiki/Body_horror) Human genetic enhancement (/wiki/Human_genetic_enhancement) I Implant (body modification) (/wiki/Implant_(body_modification)) K Katzen (performer) (/wiki/Katzen_(performer)) L Labia stretching (/wiki/Labia_stretching) Shannon Larratt (/wiki/Shannon_Larratt) LED tattoo (/wiki/LED_tattoo) Lip plate (/wiki/Lip_plate) Lip sewing (/wiki/Lip_sewing) List of people known for extensive body modification (/wiki/List_of_people_known_for_extensive_body_modification) M Patricia MacCormack (/wiki/Patricia_MacCormack) Macrolane (/wiki/Macrolane) Magnetic implant (/wiki/Magnetic_implant) Manicure (/wiki/Manicure) N Neck ring (/wiki/Neck_ring) P Passion gap (/wiki/Passion_gap) Pedicure (/wiki/Pedicure) Potong gigi (/wiki/Potong_gigi) Prison plastic surgery (/wiki/Prison_plastic_surgery) R Rib removal (/wiki/Rib_removal) S Scalpelling (/wiki/Scalpelling) Scarification (/wiki/Scarification) Scarification in Africa (/wiki/Scarification_in_Africa) Slashing (crime) (/wiki/Slashing_(crime)) Socket (film) (/wiki/Socket_(film)) Strangeland (film) (/wiki/Strangeland_(film)) Subdermal implant (/wiki/Subdermal_implant) Suspension (body modification) (/wiki/Suspension_(body_modification)) T Tightlacing (/wiki/Tightlacing) Tongue splitting (/wiki/Tongue_splitting) Transhumanism (/wiki/Transhumanism) Trepanning (/wiki/Trepanning) V Isobel Varley (/wiki/Isobel_Varley) W Without Breasts There Is No Paradise (/wiki/Without_Breasts_There_Is_No_Paradise) Y Yoruba tribal marks (/wiki/Yoruba_tribal_marks) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Body_modification&oldid=1229715036 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Body_modification&oldid=1229715036) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Human appearance (/wiki/Category:Human_appearance) Subcultures (/wiki/Category:Subcultures) Human body (/wiki/Category:Human_body) Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) |
Film festival that began in 2008 ASVOFF photographer William Klein (/wiki/William_Klein_(photographer)) , actress Rossy de Palma (/wiki/Rossy_de_Palma) and festival founder Diane Pernet (/wiki/Diane_Pernet) at ASVOFF 5, 2012 Founded September 2008 Founded by Diane Pernet (/wiki/Diane_Pernet) Website www (http://www.asvoff.com) .asvoff (http://www.asvoff.com) .com (http://www.asvoff.com) ASVOFF , or A Shaded View on Fashion Film , is a fashion film festival founded by journalist Diane Pernet (/wiki/Diane_Pernet) . Since its 2008 debut at the Jeu de Paume National Gallery (/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume) , it is a three-day festival event showcasing feature films, documentaries, conferences, performances and installations. The festival's main venue, save for one year where it was hosted in Nu Boyana Film Studios, is Paris, but since its beginnings, it participates in fashion movements and events the world over, hosted by institutions such as the Bilbao Guggenheim museum (/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao) , Milan's Palazzo Morando, and the New York Scope art fair (/wiki/SCOPE_Art_Show) . It has also had sponsorship from those such as Italian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) , Kering (/wiki/Kering) and Dom Perignon (/wiki/Dom_P%C3%A9rignon) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Founder [ edit ] Diane Pernet's first degree was in documentary film making at Temple University (/wiki/Temple_University) , [2] (#cite_note-2) and she has been making small low-fi movies for years. She also worked as a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) for, among others, director Amos Gitai (/wiki/Amos_Gitai) . So the founder of ASVOFF knows how important fashion is in a film. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Mark Eley of Eley Kishimoto (/wiki/Eley_Kishimoto) commissioned her to make a road movie for the launch of his new menswear (/wiki/Fashion) line. [4] (#cite_note-4) In November 2007 Diane Pernet also co-curated the NOOVO fashion and photography festival in Santiago de Compostela. "You Wear It Well" was dissolved in 2007 when Pernet with the support of her current producer, David Herman, took the festival from a one-day program to a three-day program and to make it an extension of the ASVOF blog, hence the name ASVOFF (A Shaded View on Fashion Film). In September 2008, ASVOFF was launched in Paris at Jeu de Paume. [5] (#cite_note-5) ASVOFF Venues [ edit ] ASVOFF festival venues (click to enlarge) Besides its annual festival in Paris in September, ASVOFF has other projects around the world. Other places on the ASVOFF list: [50] (#cite_note-50) Main Venues 2008 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) , premiere at the Jeu de Paume museum [51] (#cite_note-Paris_Paume-51) 2009 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) Passage du Désir, Awards ceremony at the Centre Georges Pompidou 2010–2011 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) Centre Georges Pompidou, Passage du Désir 2012–2015 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) Centre Georges Pompidou [52] (#cite_note-Paris_Pompidou_2015-52) 2016–2017 – Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) la Croisette [9] (#cite_note-Cannes-9) 2018 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) Club de l'Etoile [10] (#cite_note-Paris_Etoile-10) Satellite Venues 2008 – Bilbao (/wiki/Bilbao) at the Guggenheim Museum [6] (#cite_note-Bilbao-6) 2008 – Riga (/wiki/Riga) , with Moments [41] (#cite_note-Riga-41) 2009 – London (/wiki/London) at the Chelsea Arts Club (/wiki/Chelsea_Arts_Club) [16] (#cite_note-London_Chelsea-16) 2009 – Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , with MASS [38] (#cite_note-Amsterdam-38) 2010 – Milano (/wiki/Milano) at the Palazzo Morando with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) [20] (#cite_note-Milano_Morando-20) 2010 – Hyères (/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res) International Festival of Fashion and Photography, [14] (#cite_note-Hyères-14) 2010 – London (/wiki/London) at the Barbican Art Gallery (/wiki/Barbican_Art_Gallery) [15] (#cite_note-London_Barbican-15) 2010 – Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) , with Elle Ukraine [47] (#cite_note-Kyiv-47) 2010 – Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , Daily Projects [26] (#cite_note-Seoul-26) [27] (#cite_note-Seoul2-27) 2010 – Cluj (/wiki/Cluj) , with Transylvania National Theatre [53] (#cite_note-Cluj-53) 2010 – Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Russian Fashion Week [45] (#cite_note-Moscow-45) 2010 – Milan (/wiki/Milan) at the Cine Opera at Corso Como, with films by Michael Nyman [54] (#cite_note-Milano-54) 2011 – Miami (/wiki/Miami) , with Art Basel [31] (#cite_note-Miami-31) 2011 – Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi) , Georgian Fashion Week [43] (#cite_note-Tbilisi-43) 2012 – Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Circuito-Off, Venice International Short Film Festival [19] (#cite_note-Venice-19) 2012 – Minsk (/wiki/Minsk) , Belarus Fashion Week [48] (#cite_note-Minsk-48) 2012 – Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) , with Frame 0ut, Museum Quarter [34] (#cite_note-Vienna-34) 2012 – Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , with CaixaForum [7] (#cite_note-Barcelona-7) [8] (#cite_note-Barcelona2-8) 2013 – Athens (/wiki/Athens) , with Fashion Workshop by Vicky Kaya Fashion on Screen [21] (#cite_note-Athens-21) 2013 – Munich (/wiki/Munich) , with ABSOLUTE Creatives [35] (#cite_note-Munich2-35) 2013 – Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) at Cinema Rise X in Tokyo [22] (#cite_note-Tokyo-22) 2013 – Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) croisette's Villa Schweppes [9] (#cite_note-Cannes-9) 2013 – Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) Aurora Fashion Week [46] (#cite_note-Saint_Petersburg-46) 2013 – Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Festival du Nouveau Cinema [32] (#cite_note-Montreal-32) 2013 – Arnhem (/wiki/Arnhem) , Arnhem Biennale [37] (#cite_note-Arnhem-37) 2013 – Vladivostok (/wiki/Vladivostok) , with the Ministry of Culture of Russia and Aurora Fashion Week [49] (#cite_note-Vladivostok-49) 2013 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) , la Gaîté lyrique [12] (#cite_note-Paris_Gaite-12) 2014 – New York (/wiki/New_York_City) Scope Art Fair in New York, with films by Michael Nyman (/wiki/Michael_Nyman) [30] (#cite_note-New_York-30) 2014 – Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , with CPH DOX [39] (#cite_note-Copenhagen-39) 2014 – Łódź (/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA) , LODZ Fashion Philosophy Week [42] (#cite_note-Łódź-42) 2014 – Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) , with MoMu (/wiki/MoMu) at MUSE [36] (#cite_note-Antwerp-36) 2014 – Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , with Trendsétera, Museo Franz Mayer [33] (#cite_note-Mexico_City-33) 2014 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) , in collaboration with Champs-Élysées Film Festival [13] (#cite_note-Paris_Ch-el-13) 2014 – Rome (/wiki/Rome) , with AltaRoma [17] (#cite_note-Rome-17) 2015 – Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) at the Gene Siskel Film Center [29] (#cite_note-Chicago-29) 2016 – Boston (/wiki/Boston) at the Museum of Fine Arts [28] (#cite_note-Boston-28) 2016 – Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) at the China Academy of Art, Shanghai Institute of Design, the West Bund Art Center, the Power Station of Art, and the Shanghai Himalayas Museum [23] (#cite_note-Shanghai-23) [24] (#cite_note-Shanghai2-24) [25] (#cite_note-Shanghai_2016-25) 2017 – Sofia (/wiki/Sofia) , Nuboyana Film Studios [40] (#cite_note-Sofia-40) 2017 – Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Palais Brongniart [11] (#cite_note-Paris_Brognart-11) 2018 – Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Palazzo Altemps [18] (#cite_note-Rome2-18) 2019 – Bratislava (/wiki/Bratislava) , Bratislava Film Festival [44] (#cite_note-Bratislava-44) Editions [ edit ] 2008 [ edit ] ASVOFF 1 was held at the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume (/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume) Jury list Prize categories Danièle Hibon : president of the jury: director of the Cinema Department of Le Jeu de Paume. Previously supervised Le Bureau d'Accompagnement de l'Avance sur Recettes at the Centre National de la Cinématographie. Since 1995 she has been organizing cinematic workshops for art-school students [55] (#cite_note-55) Magali Aubert : she founded Standard magazine in 2003. Her role as editor-in-chief of the magazine makes every artistic field her forte. Hélène Segol : music video producer at Wanda, one of the top ad and music video production companies in the world. Laurent Goumarre : producer of the radio-show Minuit Dix . Eric Tong Cuong : co-founder of advertising mega-agency BETC, co-founder of enduring music label (/wiki/Music_label) Naïve, Eric is now running his latest adventure – the pluridisciplinary advertising agency La Chose. ASVOFF Grand Prize : Jenny Haniver by Camille Vivier Special mention : Video Look Book by Jeremy Scott Public Prize winner of the first edition of A Shaded View on Fashion Film at Jeu de Paume (/wiki/Jeu_de_Paume) was "The Pattern Film" by Anemone Skjoldager [56] (#cite_note-56) Satellite Venues Bilbao (/wiki/Bilbao) at the Guggenheim Museum [6] (#cite_note-Bilbao-6) Riga (/wiki/Riga) , with Moments [41] (#cite_note-Riga-41) 2009 [ edit ] ASVOFF 2, under jury president Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , was held at the Passage du Désir/BETC, Paris followed by an awards ceremony held at the nearby Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) . Due to the growing size of the selection, it was separated in two sections: Reflection (directors vision of fashion), and Communication (communication of one brand/designer). Jury list Prize categories Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) President: [57] (#cite_note-57) Eric Tong Cuong Laurent Gaumarre Nan Goldin Maria de Mederios Helene Segol On 8 October, the jury headed by Rick Owens [58] (#cite_note-58) handed out awards for the ASVOFF 2009 Fashion Film competition: Public Prize : "Herr Rodebjer Part I" by Mattias Montero for Rodebjer DailyMotion Winner : "HLH: Autumn Winter 2509 BC" by Claire Kurylowski and Jason Bradbury for Harald Lunde Helgesen Jury Prize , Reflection Section: "Fiction Noir" by Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) , starring Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) Jury Prize , Communication Section: " Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) AW09" by Ruth Hogben for Gareth Pugh Jury Prize , Communication Section: " Matthew Williamson (/wiki/Matthew_Williamson) " by Johan Renck for H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Grand Prix Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) : "I Wanna Be Your Dog" by Georgie Greville Satellite Venues London (/wiki/London) at the Chelsea Arts Club (/wiki/Chelsea_Arts_Club) [16] (#cite_note-London_Chelsea-16) Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , with MASS [38] (#cite_note-Amsterdam-38) 2010 [ edit ] ASVOFF 3, under Jury president Olivier Saillard, was held at Paris' Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) on 24, 25 and 26 September, with running installations of the festival's competition films held at the BETC's Passage du Desir from 25 to 28 September. [59] (#cite_note-59) For this edition Diane Pernet worked together with the young fashion blogger Tavi Gevinson (/wiki/Tavi_Gevinson) . [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) Jury list Prize categories Olivier Saillard , fashion historian and director of the Musee Galliera (/wiki/Musee_Galliera) , ASVOFF president [62] (#cite_note-62) Mike Figgis (/wiki/Mike_Figgis) , Academy Award (/wiki/Academy_Award) -nominated writer/director; films include Leaving Las Vegas (/wiki/Leaving_Las_Vegas) and Timecode Elisabeth Quin , film critic and a French government representative for fashion Michael Nyman , film composer for The Piano and 12 Peter Greenaway films Bryan Adams , photographer and musician Dita Von Teese (/wiki/Dita_Von_Teese) , performer and style icon Fabrice Brovelli , TV production director, BETC EuroRSCG. Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) , photographer Emmanuelle Castro (/wiki/Emmanuelle_Castro) , film acquisitions and co-production director, Wild Bunch Daphne Burki , reporter for Canal + television Nadja Romain , independent producer Sara Maino , senior fashion editor, Vogue Italia Zowie Broach , designer of Boudicca (/wiki/Boudicca) Abdel Bounane (/wiki/Abdel_Bounane) , chief editor, Amusement magazine Olivier Seguret , journalist Liberation Best Film : "Lust Lust" by Martins Grauds [63] (#cite_note-63) Best Artistic Director : Alex Prager for "Despair ( Nowness (/wiki/Nowness) )" Special Jury Prize: "Lights" by Yoann Lemoine with Shaun Ross Best New Talent, Samsung : "Blacklight" by Suzie Q + Leo Siboni Beauty Prize – Shu Uemura (/wiki/Shu_Uemura) : "How You Look at It" by Poppy de Villeneuve (NOWNESS) Best Sound : "CHAPTER 14 The Dream of the Disembodied Birds" by Andrea Splisgar Best Acting : Lauren McAvoy in "Chore Damaris" by Justin Anderson (/wiki/Justin_Anderson_(film_director)) Le Book Prize : AnOther Magazine – "Nocturna" by Daniel Askill Satellite Venues Milan (/wiki/Milan) at the Palazzo Morando in January 2010 featuring 7 hours of fashion films screening and a special installation: "LIGHT SERIES", a series of 1-minute films commissioned by Diane Pernet and co-curator Antoine Asseraf, in addition to a special contest with Vogue Italia, won by Miho Kinamura and Zaiba Jabbar. [64] (#cite_note-blogspot1-64) The collaboration was suggested by Frederico Poletti who proposed the idea to Vogue Italia editor Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) . They found it interesting to make a complementary online event with the launch of Vogue.it. A selection of the films in the LIGHT series includes: Blacklight by Suzie Q and Leo Siboni, Lights by Yoann Lemoine, Short Circuit in the After Hour by Andrea Splisgar, Sunshowers by Elisa Smith-Leverock in collaboration with jewellery designer Fred Butler, Untitled by Sofia Sanchez and Mauro Mongiello and Spectre by Antoine Asseraf and René Habermacher. New York (/wiki/New_York_City) Art Fair: a curating a fashion/art exhibition and an ASVOFF film program. London (/wiki/London) at the Barbican Art Gallery (/wiki/Barbican_Art_Gallery) [15] (#cite_note-London_Barbican-15) Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) , with Elle Ukraine [47] (#cite_note-Kyiv-47) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , Daily Projects [26] (#cite_note-Seoul-26) [27] (#cite_note-Seoul2-27) Cluj (/wiki/Cluj) , with Transylvania National Theatre [53] (#cite_note-Cluj-53) Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Russian Fashion Week [45] (#cite_note-Moscow-45) Milan (/wiki/Milan) at the Cine Opera at Corso Como, with films by Michael Nyman [54] (#cite_note-Milano-54) 2011 [ edit ] ASVOFF 4, under jury president Elisabeth Quin, was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) in Paris. Jury list Prize categories Elisabeth Quin , film critic and journalist (Paris Première, France Inter, et al. ) / ASVOFF 4 Jury President [65] (#cite_note-65) Rossy de Palma , actress / ASVOFF ambassador Elisha Karmitz, multimedia director of MK2 Olivier Saillard , director of Musée Galliera Manish Arora , fashion designer / creative director of Paco Rabanne Daphne Guinness , film producer Jerry Stafford , creative director, Première Heure Pascale Faure , head of the Short-film Department, Canal+ Sam Shahid , creative director (including for books on Bruce Weber, Herb Ritts, Ellen Von Unwerth, et al.) Raphaëlle Stopin , creative director, responsible for the photography section, Festival d'Hyeres Colette Barbier , director of the Fondation d'entreprise Ricard Rebecca Blake , photographer / director Thérèse Deprez , production designer (for films including Black Swan ) Alice Pfeiffer , journalist ( International Herald Tribune , Le Figaro , The New York Times , et al.) Philippe Azoury , journalist at Libération Philippe Brutus , executive vice president of Photography, Art + Commerce Joseph Ghosn , editor-in-chief, Condé Nast Digital for Vogue.fr, GQmagazine.fr and Glamourparis.com Christian Ravera and Guy Guglieri , founders of Mixte magazine Chris Miller , co-president, Flower Films Leonardo Girombelli , branding and communication manager, thecorner.com ASVOFF Grand Prix, MK2 : "I Want Muscle" by Elisha Smith-Leverock [66] (#cite_note-66) Best Artistic Direction Prize: Lernert & Sander for "The Fantastic Man Series" Best Soundtrack Prize: "Praise Break" (Director's cut, 2011) by Eric Weidt for Pop Magazine Best Actor Prize: Danny Trejo in "Onions Don't Make Me Cry" by Bryan Adams Best Styling Prize: "Twin Parallel" by Justin Anderson (/wiki/Justin_Anderson_(film_director)) Beauty Prize – Shu Uemura: "Waters" by Kira Lillie Young Talent Prize – Portal+Zekka: "Is This Real Life" (Nuptialis Project) by Suzie Q + Leo Siboni Special Animation Prize: "Exercise in Sartorial Deprivation" by Davide Bedoni TheCorner.com's Award : "Scalpel/Stradivarius" by Jason Last and Jaime Rubiano Satellite Venues Miami (/wiki/Miami) , with Art Basel [31] (#cite_note-Miami-31) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi) , during Georgian Fashion Week [43] (#cite_note-Tbilisi-43) Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (/wiki/Perth_Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts) (PICA), Australia [67] (#cite_note-67) 2012 [ edit ] ASVOFF 5, under jury president Orlan (/wiki/Orlan) , was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) in Paris. Jury list Prize categories Jury president: ORLAN , artist Dominique Issermann , photographer Tim Blanks , Style.com, editor-at-large Fabrice Rebois , co-director of Arte television network Elisha Karmitz , multimedia director of MK2 Colin McDowel l, fashion writer and author Marian Masone , associate director of programming, The Film Society of Lincoln Center Maria Luisa Poumaillou , fashion buyer, Maria Luisa in Printemps Marc Audibet , fashion designer Joseph Ghosn , Obsession magazine, editor-in-chief Clément Ghys , journalist Philippe Cohen Solal (aska Gotan Project), musician Emmanuel Asmar , entertainment lawyer Michel Gaubert , sound designer and DJ Rain Li , director Emanuel Levy , film critic and author of nine books on film Grand Prix ASVOFF Barcelona for Best Film – "Ephemeral Nature" by Gsus Lopez ASVOFF Grand Prix ASVOFF 5 Awarded by MK2 – "Headpieces For Peace" by Jessica Mitrani Best Artistic Direction Prize: "Hors d'Oeuvre by Monica Menez" Best Acting Prix: A Private Label Conversation with Brett Guitar Hofer, Talent Scout (for Haans Nicholas Mott) by Haans Nicholas Mott, Actor: Brett Guitar Hofer Best Sound : Visiting Hour for SHOWstudio by Marie Schuller Best Styling : UNIFORM (for Eckhaus Latta (/wiki/Eckhaus_Latta) ) by Alexa Karolinski (/wiki/Alexa_Karolinski) Best Documentary Awarded by Portal +: To Be Honest by Jason Last Beauty Prize Awarded by Make Up Forever : A Mon Seul Desir by ioulex and Mogollon Make-Up artist Roberto Morelli Best Advertising prize (Two Awarded Films: Watermarked (for Kenzo) by DIS and Morphe (for Aesop) by Lucy McRae Emerging Talent Prize Awarded by NOWFASHION : DANNY (for the band Kenji Minogue with the collection of Tom Van der Borght) by Goran Grahovac Satellite Venues Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Circuito-Off, Venice International Short Film Festival [19] (#cite_note-Venice-19) Minsk (/wiki/Minsk) , Belarus Fashion Week [48] (#cite_note-Minsk-48) Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) , with Frame 0ut, Museum Quarter [34] (#cite_note-Vienna-34) Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , with CaixaForum [7] (#cite_note-Barcelona-7) [8] (#cite_note-Barcelona2-8) 2013 [ edit ] ASVOFF 6, under jury president Michèle Lamy (/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Lamy) , was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) in Paris. Jury list Prize categories Michèle Lamy – jury president – partner of Rick Owens Jakob and MacFarlane – architects Laurens Van Den Acker , senior VP, Corporate Design Renault Laura Albert (aka Jt Leroy) – writer Fabrice Rebois – consultant, former direction of Nova and Arte Pierre-Paul Puljiz – producer, director, writer Li Edelkoort (/wiki/Lidewij_Edelkoort) – trend forecaster Marina Skulskaya – historienne de la Mode, Russie Anja Aronowsky Cronberg – editor in chief, Vestoj Nicolas Girard Deltruc – executive director, Festival du Nouveau Cinema Montreal, Quebec, Canada Shalini Ganendra (/wiki/Shalini_Ganendra) – fine arts consultant and gallerist, Malaysia Emmanuel Asmar – entertainment lawyer Danielle Ryan – documentary film producer, art book publisher, founder of ROADS lifestyle brand Antoaneta Metchanova – international creative director, Publicis 133 Valerie Steele (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) – curator of FIT Museum, New York Linda Loppa (/wiki/Linda_Loppa) – director of Polimoda, Italy ASVOFF 6 Grand Prix : Holi Holy – A Manish Arora Film by Bharat Sikka Best Art Direction : BFC London Collections; Men FW13 by Matt Lambert Best Acting ; She Said, She Said by Stuart Blumberg Best Styling : BFC London Collections: Men FW13 by Matt Lambert Best Sound : Bishi Bhattacharya in Holi Holy – A Manish Arora Film by Bharat Sikka Best Advertising : We & Claes Iversen by Lernert & Sander Best Emerging Talent Awarded by Nowness : Bharat Sikka for directing: Holi Holy – A Manish Arora Film Beauty Prize Awarded by Make Up For Ever : Make Up Artist Vicky Steckel in Sister Act by Ellen Von Unwerth Best Documentary Awarded by Blakiston Gallery: Zillions by Malcolm Venville for Nowness Fashion film aperitivo by Peroni: Nastro Azurro, live performance by Joana Preiss at Cannes Magnum Beach Satellite Venues Athens (/wiki/Athens) , with Fashion Workshop by Vicky Kaya Fashion on Screen [21] (#cite_note-Athens-21) Munich (/wiki/Munich) , with ABSOLUTE Creatives [35] (#cite_note-Munich2-35) Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) at Cinema Rise X in Tokyo [22] (#cite_note-Tokyo-22) Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) croisette's Villa Schweppes [9] (#cite_note-Cannes-9) Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) Aurora Fashion Week [46] (#cite_note-Saint_Petersburg-46) Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Festival du Nouveau Cinema [32] (#cite_note-Montreal-32) Arnhem (/wiki/Arnhem) , Arnhem Biennale [37] (#cite_note-Arnhem-37) Vladivostok (/wiki/Vladivostok) , with the Ministry of Culture of Russia and Aurora Fashion Week [49] (#cite_note-Vladivostok-49) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , la Gaîté lyrique [12] (#cite_note-Paris_Gaite-12) 2014 [ edit ] ASVOFF 7, under jury president Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) , was held at the Centre Georges Pompidou (/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou) in Paris. Jury list Prize categories Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) , fashion designer, president of ASVOFF 7 Eugene Hernandez – deputy director of Film Society of Lincoln Center Bruce Benderson – writer Antoine Barraud – writer, director and actor Sophie Dulac – Sophie Dulac Distribution Sebastien Tiveyrat – Swashbuckler Films Moises Cosio – film producer Liza Blakiston – art gallerist Serge Carriera – lecturer (Institut D'etudes Politiques), retail merchandising director (MuiMiu) Jakob + Macfarlane – Architects Li Edelkoort – curator, trend forecaster Antoaneta Metchanova – creative director Publicis 133 Emmanuel Asmar – business and entertainment lawyer Samuel Drira – Encens magazine publisher Rem D. Koolhaas – creative director United Nude Rain Li – film director Andrei Vasilenko – programmer Vladivostok International Film Festival Eric Legendre – Variety International account manager ASVOFF Grand Prix 2014 – JUMPER by Justin Anderson (/wiki/Justin_Anderson_(film_director)) for Jonathan Saunders Best Art Direction – JOURNEY by Monica Menez for S Moda Best Actor – Annarose Cattanach in DOLLY by Laura Hypponen (/wiki/Laura_Hypponen) for Agent Provocateur Best Styling – NUKELADY by Sofia Sanchez and Mauro Mongiello for iFashion Best Sound Design – THE SOUND OF COS by Lernert & Sander for COS Beauty Prize /awarded by Shu Uemura – Barbara Casaola: Menswear for Women by Marie Schuller for SHOWstudio Emerging Talent Prize – CONNECTING by Jacob Brown for V Magazine Best Advertising – L'ERRORE by Brando De Sica for Catherinelle Blakiston Documentary Prize – TRAVELLING AT NIGHT WITH JIM JARMUSCH by Lea Rinaldi Satellite Venues Cannes : Special Fashion Film Aperitivo Silencio 5 rue des Belges, Cannes on 19 May 2014, with projections of Travelling at Night with Jim Jarmusch (documentary by Lea Rinaldi) and short films by Julien Landais with Nora Arnezeder, and Alain Fabien Delon. Special Guest : Bertrand Burgalat. In 2014, the festival ASVOFF was held in the U.S. for the first time through a partnership with Kering. The festival opened on 14 March 2014 at the FIAF 's Florence Gould Hall. The screening consisted of 12 short films, and after the festival, the founder Diane Pernet (/wiki/Diane_Pernet) held a Q&A with the filmmakers Mike Figgis (/wiki/Mike_Figgis) ( Leaving Las Vegas ) and Jerry Schatzberg (/wiki/Jerry_Schatzberg) ( Scarecrow ). Among the selections were Bruce Weber's short made for Barneys New York and Figgis's famous short 'Agent provocateur' in which Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) made her screen debut. [68] (#cite_note-68) New York (/wiki/New_York_City) Scope Art Fair in New York, with films by Michael Nyman (/wiki/Michael_Nyman) [30] (#cite_note-New_York-30) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , with CPH DOX [39] (#cite_note-Copenhagen-39) Łódź (/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA) , LODZ Fashion Philosophy Week [42] (#cite_note-Łódź-42) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) , with MoMu (/wiki/MoMu) at MUSE [36] (#cite_note-Antwerp-36) Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , with Trendsétera, Museo Franz Mayer [33] (#cite_note-Mexico_City-33) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , in collaboration with Champs-Élysées Film Festival [13] (#cite_note-Paris_Ch-el-13) Rome (/wiki/Rome) , with AltaRoma [17] (#cite_note-Rome-17) 2015 [ edit ] ASVOFF 8, under jury President Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , took place 2–6 December at Centre Pompidou with Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) , Nicolas Godin (/wiki/Nicolas_Godin) , Nicolas Saada (/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Saad) , Mathias Kiss, and Iris van Herpen (/wiki/Iris_van_Herpen) . The festival explores the genre of fashion film as well as new dimensions and interpretations in the fields of fashion and film through conferences, documentaries and even live performances (Pete Drungle and Loane). Jury list Prize categories Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , president Alain Mikli (/wiki/Alain_Mikli) , designer Andrew Davis , creative director Wonderland and Rollacoaster Butheina Kazim , co-founder of Cinema Akil Dominique Jakob , Jakob + MacFarlane Donald Schneider , creative director Emmanuel Asmar , business and entertainment lawyer Eric Daman , costume designer Harold Koda (/wiki/Harold_Koda) , curator of the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Jean Pierre Marois, Les Bains Lyne Cohen Solal , former Marie de Paris, fashion expert Maarten Le Roy , executive producer ADULT Marc Happel , costume director of the NYC Ballet Mathias Kiss , artist/set designer Pascal Mourier , RdC France 24 Mode RANKIN (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) , photographer, publisher Rem D Koolhaas , creative director United Nude Stephen Jones , hat designer ASVOFF GRAND PRIX 2015 – Hungry for Love by Justin Ambrosino Best Art Direction – Kitchen by Tim Yip Best Acting – Max Tortora in Non Senza di Me by Brando DeSica Best Styling – Advanced Style by Lina Piloplyte with Ari Seth Cohen for NOWNESS Best Sound Design – Gianluca Andreucci (J-E-A-N) for Wonder Mark by Ivan Olita Beauty Prize /awarded by Shu Uemura – Team Leslie Kee for The Independents by Leslie Kee for Yohji Yamamoto Best Advertising – Peep Shoe by Lernert & Sander for 3.1 Phillip Lim Best Emerging Talent – Under by Kevin Frilet Student Prize – JO! by Septa Absharin Husna for Siqi Wu, The Rule by Sara Laurena and a Special Mention for actress Benedetta Barzini, in Spirit of Our Time by Livia Alcalde for Tom Rebl. Satellite Venues Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) at the Gene Siskel Film Center [29] (#cite_note-Chicago-29) 2016 [ edit ] Locations Cannes (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) : Fashion Film Cocktail at the Mouton Cadet Wine Bar in the Palais des Festivals (/wiki/Palais_des_Festivals_et_des_Congr%C3%A8s) (6etg) Boulevard de la Croisette on 14 May Boston (/wiki/Boston) : Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston) (Harry & Mildred Remis Auditorium) on 6–8 October Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) : A Shaded View on Fashion Film in China 14 October: The Mix Place, Shanghai and Shanghai Hengshan Cinema 15–16 October: Shanghai West Bund Art Space 21–22 October: Shanghai Himalayas Museum 23 October: Power Station of Art, Shanghai 2017 [ edit ] ASVOFF 9, under jury president Eric Daman (/wiki/Eric_Daman) , was held at Nu Boyana film studios on 9, 10 and 11 June. Jury list Prize categories Eric Daman – president, costume designer, fashion model, TV personality and author Waris Ahluwali , actor and designer House of Waris Serge Carreira , Maitre de conferences a Sciences Po Paris Isabel Coixet , director and writer Ivaylo Grancharov , head of education at Nu Boyana Film Studios Marc Happel , director of costumes at NYC Ballet Yoann Lemoine , director, singer, Woodkid Alex Murray Leslie , curator Wearable Technology Fashion Film Competition Klaus Stockhausen , Zeit Magazine – fashion editor, stylist Wilson J. Tang , studio art director at Kabam Robb Young , strategic consultant, brand development, fashion and luxury goods, Global Markets BOF Cuba Tornado Scott , artist and model Grand Prize – Sean Baker, Snowbird Best Artistic Direction – Romain Gavras, Gosh Best Editing – Emir Eralap, In and Out of Control Best Actor/Actress – Emir Eralap, Emmanuelle Seigner in How to Get Rid of a Ghost Best Styling – Ibrahim Kamara in Gidi Gidi Bu Ugwu Eze "Unitity is Strength" by Akinola Davies Jr. Best Sound Design – Marc Mahfoud in The Parallel Pyramid Platform by Dennis Vanderbroeck Best Beauty – Greshka in He Was by Fred Lebain and Gregoire Pedron Best Advertising – Petra Collins – Gucci Dreamscape Best Emerging Talent – Pablo Masters for Winter Eclipse Best Cinematography – Arthur de Kersauson and Clement Beauvais for Tales of the Wild 2 Gaucho Best Wearable Technology Fashion Film – Lucy McRae for Institute of Isolation Jury Prize – Matt Lambert – Christeene Student Prize : Luzie Loose – Lui/Lei Satellite Venues Cannes: Fashion Film Cocktail at Mouton Cadet Wine Bar in the Palais des Festivals on 23 May Sofia (/wiki/Sofia) , Bulgaria, at the Nu Boyana Film Studios (/wiki/Nu_Boyana_Film_Studios) on 9, 10 & 11 June Paris, at the Palais Brongniart, in collaboration with Blossom and Première Vision, on 4 & 5 July 2018 [ edit ] ASVOFF 10, under jury president Rossy de Palma (/wiki/Rossy_de_Palma) and president of honor Jean Paul Gautier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gautier) , was held at the Club de l'Etoile, Paris. Jury list Prize categories President – Rossy de Palma – actress President of Honor – Jean Paul Gaultier Roger Avary – film director, screenwriter and producer Eric Daman – costume designer, TV personality and author Pamela Golbin – chief curator of the Musee de la Mode et du Textile Patrice Haddad – film producer, CEO of Premiere Heure and president of the Red Star Football Club Michele Lamy – Lamyland and creative collaborator and business partner of Rick Owens ORLAN – artist Stephan Rabimov – director of Fashion Journalism & Social Media Center at the Academy of Art University Grand Prix in partnership with PERSOL – Jordan Blady – Grisha's Guide to Kyiv Best Documentary – Elisha Smith-Leverock – Miss Black Germany Best Cinematography – Ivan Olita – Glow Cinematographer – Gigi Martinucci Best Sound Design – Matt Lambert Charles Jeffrey – Loverboy Best Art Direction – Diane Russo – Our Time Art Director – Nick Vogelson Best Editing – Maximilian Homaei – Women in Shadow – Editor – Joel Pront Best Acting – Suzie and Leo – The Great Newman – Actor – Stanley Weber Best Advertising – Autumn de Wilde – Postman Dreams for Prada Best Beauty – Best Beauty Isaac Lock – BLACK – Hair: Roxy Attard Make-Up Daniel Sallstrom Best Styling – Nadia Lee Cohen – Sgualdrina For GCDS – Stylist – Mariaelena Morelli Best Emerging talent – Alec Davis – Stuck Inside Student Prize x Premiere Heure – Alec Davis – Stuck Inside ASVOFF + Kids of the Banlieue collaboration between Ecole de la Cite + Casa 93 Winner: Adele Bouvier for Stella Global Champion's Award – for Journalism – Loic Prigent Global Champion's Award – for retail – 24Sevres Ian Rogers Global Champion's Award – for designer – Kim Jones, Dior ASVOFF 10 "My Personal Love Affair with Rome" Edition Winner: The Epicurean by Jeff Bark Global Champion's Award – for Journalism – Angelo Flaccevento Global Champion's Award – for retail Federico Marchetti, YOOX/Net-a-Porter Global Champion's Award – for designer Alessandro Michele, Gucci Satellite Venues Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Palazzo Altemps [18] (#cite_note-Rome2-18) 2019 [ edit ] ASVOFF 11, under jury president Heron Preston (/wiki/Heron_Preston) [69] (#cite_note-ASVOFF_11-69) Jury list Prize categories President – Heron Preston – Fashion designer Ruven Afanador – Photographer Roger Avary – Film Director/Screenwriter/Producer Manish Arora – Fashion designer Maxime Plescia-Buchi – Creative Director/Tattoo Artist Bryan Boy – Influencer Patrice Haddad – CEO Premiere Heure/Producer Marc Happel – Director of Costumes at New York City Ballet Farida Khelfa – Documentary Film Director/former Model/Actress Krista Kelloway – Production Manager/Producer Callum Mullin – Model/Influencer Steve Olson – Artist/Skateboard Icon Cuba Tornado Scott – Film Director/Model David Teplitzky – Art Collector/Influencer Grand Prix – Victor Claramunt (Spain) – North Sails la Mer Best Beauty – Matt Lambert (USA) - We Belong to Something Beautiful – Make-up: Lucas Wilson Best Art Direction – Lui Yang (Thailand) – X Dazed Best Advertising – Raphael Cloffi + Thibault Della Gaspera for Jean Paul Gaultier (France) – "Jeanpod", How to Walk Like a Catwalk Model Best Acting – Matthew Frost (USA) – Boomerang – Actor: Mackenzie Davis Best Emerging Talent – Chiara Sabatini (Italy) – Soeur Best Styling – Jakub Gulyas (Slovakia) - Dolls - Stylist: Maria Vedral Kohutik Best Cinematography – Michel Socha (Poland) – Moncler Cut – Cinematographer: Maciej Grzbowski Best Sound Design – Lucas Garzoli (USA) – Loverboy - Sound Design: Carlos Arias Best Editing – Felix Umarov (Russia) – Reebok, Always Classic – Editor: Vlad Yakunin Jury Prize – Yuen Hsieh – Radiasian Student Prize – Riffy Ahmed (UK) – Afloat 2020 [ edit ] ASVOFF 12, under jury president Roger Avary (/wiki/Roger_Avary) Jury list Prize categories President – Roger Avary – Film Director, Screenwriter and Producer Ruven Afanador – Photographer Lillian Birnbaum – Photographer, Film Producer Cori Coppola – Film Writer and Producer Maria De Medeiros – Actress, Director, Singer and Writer Rick Porras – Film/Media Producer Violeta Sanchez – Actress, Model Joanne Sawicki – Journalist, Film maker and Producer Cuba Tornado Scott – Artist, Model and Film Director Marine Serre – Fashion Designer Grand Prix : "EVERYTHING IS FAKE UNTIL IT'S REAL" - Colm Dillane (USA) for Kid Super Best Beauty : "BUSINESS AS USUAL" - Monica Menez (Germany) for Willems Eyewear - Hair & Make-Up: Suzana Santalab, Sabine Nania Best Art Direction : "HYMN TO NONSENSE" - Alice Fass (Italy) Best Branded Content : "MAREE NOIRE" - Rick Farin and Claire Cochran (France) for Marine Serre Best Acting : "ALEX" – Luca Spreafico (Italy) for Fredrica Bonifaci Best Styling : "THE TOURNAMENT" - Mamik A. Boekaerts (Belgium) - Stylist: Florentina Leitner Best Cinematography : "COMFORT ZONE" for Levau - Jordan Blady (Georgia) - Cinematographer: Igor Smitka Best Script : "COMFORT ZONE" for Levau - Jordan Blady (Georgia) - Scriptwriter: Matt Shally Best Sound Design : "FOOL AND IDIOT" - Lin Yu Feng (Taiwan) - Brand Beats by: Dre, Fool and Idiot Best Editing : "PLUM FLOWER FIST" for Vogue Italia - Emma Tempest (USA) - Editor: Jobe Lowen Best Documentary : "FINDING OASIS" - by Chomwan Weeraworawit (Taiwan) for Philip Huang Student Prize : "STYX" - Nico Verhaegen (Belgium) ASVOFF - ARTSTHREAD - FNL NETWORK prizes Best Film "MIMICRY" - Grace Ling (USA) Runners-up "WASTOPIA" by Rick Farin (UK) and "HOME, A METAPHOR OF THE MIND" by Daniela Benaim Benhamu (UK) Best "Lockdown Home Movie" Best Film "CANTAUTOMA REBIRTH" by Gianluca Matarrese (France) and Davide Giorgio (Italy) 2021 [ edit ] ASVOFF 13, under jury president Bruce LaBruce (/wiki/Bruce_LaBruce) ASVOFF MAIN COMPETITION Jury list Prize categories President – Bruce LaBruce – Film Director, Screenwriter and Producer Daphne Guinness – Model, Collector, Commentator, and Muse André Walker – Fashion Designer Alex Murray-Leslie – Performer and Educator, Chicks On Speed band member Bryanboy – Influencer, content creator, consultant Daniel Lismore – Artist, Curator, Activist Helen Downie – Artist Kayann Contractor – Influencer, Content Creator, Editor Lulu Kennedy – Founder and Director of Fashion East, Consultant Lutz – Fashion Designer Osei Bonsu – Curator of International Art at Tate Modern, Contributing Editor at Frieze Pam Hogg – Cult fashion designer, DJ Rosin Murphy – Ireland's Queen of the Avant-Garde, Performer Sara Sozzani-Maino – Deputy director of Vogue Italia , head of Vogue Talents Nicholas Kemp – Senior Director of Marketing at Kino Lorber Susie Lau – Journalist, Content Creator, Consultant Suzanna Vock – Founder of the GWAND Sustainable Fashion Festival Willy Ndatira – Artist, Media entity, Creative consultant, Writer, Consulting editor for Fantastic Man Yu Masui – Fashion Writer, Consultant, Content Creator Grand Prize : "WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO BEFORE YOU DIE?" - Colm Dillane (USA) for Kid Super Best Beauty : "BIOMIMICRY" - by Iris Van Herpen for Ryan McDaniels Best Art Direction : "THE HAIRY NOTION OF A GREEN AFTERNOON" - Susanne Deeken Best Advertising : "BIRD OF PARADISE" - by Suzie & Leo for Koche Best Performance : "Cp Company ‘NEXT LANDSCAPE’" – Luke Alexander and Rex McWhirter Best Styling : "BURN IN HEAVEN" - Omar Perineau Best Cinematography : "MISTRESS OF THE INNER WORLD" - Lilli Moors Best Script : "COMFORT ZONE" for Levau - Jordan Blady (Georgia) - Scriptwriter: Matt Shally Best Sound Design : "LA MALLE" - by Thomas Gerard, music by Louis Gins Best Editing : "PARTS OF ME" - Akinola Davies, Jr. Best Documentary : "Valentino Des Ateliers «VITA DI SARTI E PITTORI»" - Maurizio Cilli Best Director : "IF THE PLAN DOESN’T WORK YOU’RE INSANE, IF THE PLAN WORKS YOU’RE A GENIUS" - Kidsuper and Colm Dillane ASVOFF STUDENT PRIZE Jury list Winners Camille Mervin-Leroy – Spatial designer and Artist Miguel Villalobos – Multidisciplinary artist Cori Coppola – Film Writer & Producer Winner : "CHILDREN OF THE SOIL" - Sabrina Elman Runner-up : "ADAGE" - Mathilde Delli ASVOFF THEMED CATEGORIES Jury list Winner(s) Digital fashion Amber-Jae Slooten - theme Curator Morten Grubak Chavonne Wong Theme Winner : "KHOMANTA" - Fiorella Pomarino Fashion Moves Daphne Guinness – Theme Curator Panja Göbel Peter McNeil Freiderike Fast Lisa Walker Yuka Oyama Mohammad Bayesteh Florian Schneider Theme Winner : "DANCE PARTY" - Melissa E. Logan and Nikolas Muller Black Spectrum Melissa Alibo – Theme Curator Sandy Alibo Skinny Macho Harvey Ambomo Theme Winner : "DIMENSION" - Ebeneza Blanche Conscious Fashion Bandana Tewari – Theme Curator Patrick Duffy Florian Müller Theme winner : "COTTON FOR MY SHROUD" - Nandan Saxena, Kavita Bahl Satellite Venues Tierra Luna Club Cultural, Xalapa-Enríquez, Ver., Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) 2022 [ edit ] ASVOFF 14, under jury president Caroline de Maigret (/wiki/Caroline_de_Maigret) and honorary president Jean-Charles de Castelbajac (/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Castelbajac) ASVOFF MAIN COMPETITION Jury list Prize categories President – Caroline de Maigret – Author, Music Producer and Chanel Ambassador President of Honor – Jean-Charles de Castelbajac – Fashion Designer, Artist Andrew Taylor-Parr – Visual Image Director of Comme des Garçons Pam Hogg – Fashion Designer Hanan Besovic (ideservecouture) – Influencer Sara Driver – Independent Filmmaker and Producer and Actress Jay-Jay Johanson – Composer, Musician, Artist Laura Albert – Author, Screenwriter José Lévy – Multi-dimensional artist Lucien Heritier – Designer, Musician, Stylist, Photographer, Content Creator Klaus Stockhausen – Fashion Director and Zeit Magazine Consultant Katia Kulawick-Assante – Luxury and Lifestyle Journalist Romain-Eugene Campens – Multi-dimensional artist Matthieu Orlean – Artistic Advisor for temporary exhibitions at the Cinematheque Francaise Djeason Valerio – Set Designer Grand Prize : "AN ODE TO TEENAGEHOOD (AND DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES)" by Celia Arias Best Beauty : "TWO or THE WEIGHT OF ONESELF" - by Daniel Cubero Best Art Direction : "TWO or THE WEIGHT OF ONESELF" - by Daniel Cubero Best Advertising : "DANCE EN FAMILLE" - by Adrien Dantou Advertising for SÉZANE Best Acting : "ALGORITHM" – by Matthew Frost Best Styling : "HUM (We_Us)" - by Ashim Ahluwalia Best Cinematography : "BRIDE ARMOUR" - by Jeana Elizabeth Theron Best Sound/Score : "TANGER NOSTALGIA" - by Julien Sitruk Best Editing : "INFINITE" - by Christian Hunter and Martin Gatti Best Documentary : "AJARIAN BRIDE’S TREASURE" - by Irma Sharkadze Best Documentary : "WALLACE CHAN: THE ART OF MATERIALS" - Martina Margaux Cozzi ASVOFF STUDENT PRIZE Jury list Winners Cori Coppola – Film Producer Miguel Villalobos – Artist, Photographer, Sculptor Winner : "THE FEAST" - by Victoria Gong ASVOFF THEMED CATEGORIES Jury list Winner(s) Fashion Moves Alex Murray Leslie – Theme Curator, Professor of Digital Performance, Trondheim Academy of Fine Art / co-founder Chicks on Speed Sophia Efstathiou – Science Philosopher Svein Inge Saether – Manager ARTHOUSE/Film Curator Maria Veie – Curator/Critic/Publishing Editor Leslie Johnson – Artist/Pedagogue Theme Winner : "ROBERTS MUM GEORGIE" - by Robert George Sanders Conscious Fashion Giorgia Cantarini – Theme Curator, Senior Fashion & Digital Editor l’Officiel Italia and Talents & Sustainability curator Pitti Immagine Matteo Ward – CEO Co-founder WRAD Florian Müller – Fashion PR, Guest Management Simon Whitehouse – CEO at Eco-Age Graham Tabor – Designer, Luxury Brand Strategist Samata Pattinson – CEO RCGD at Oscars Theme winner : "OVERHEATED" - by Yassa Khan Chinese Films Gemma Williams – Theme Curator, author, editorial director Camille Mervin-Leroy – Theme Curator, Spatial designer and Artist Lucia Liu – Stylist/Creative Director Lawrence Xiao – Publisher/Editorial Director at NOWNESS Tasha Liu – Director Labelhood Theme winner : "HONG" - by Xiao Han Manga/Anime Charles Daniel McDonald – Theme Curator, Journalist, Editor-in-Chief FORC Magazine Lolena Myneniko – Artist, Illustrator and Designer Mina Petrovic – Author, Pop Culture Lecturer and Manga Teacher Linnea Kataja – Manga Artist, Social Media Influencer Alexa Pasztor – Illustrator, Lay out Artist ANIME ACADEMY Takaya Tanoura – Anime Art Academy Founder Naohiro Muta – Anime Art Academy Founder Ebi Blue – Anime Art Academy Editorial Supervisor Theme winner : "THE SPRAYER" - by Farnoosh Abedi TicTok Ivo Barraza Castaneda – Theme Curator, artist/fashion designer Celia Cazals – Fashion Stylist/Consultant Jesse Brouns – Freelance Journalist Serge Carreira – Director of Emerging Brands at the Federation of Haute Couture and Fashion Theme Winner : "LOIC PRIGENT BUYING JACQUEMUS" - by Ideservecouture Black Spectrum Melissa Alibo – Theme Curator, Marketing Consultant Gary Dourdan – Actor, Musician Stephen Deberry – Bronze Venture Fund, Entrepreneur and Anthropologist Yasmina Junek – Senior Partnership Manager Puma Jason Heath – Electronic Music Creator/Producer Harvey Ambomo – Epicurean Theme Winner : "MATHLETE" - by Ebeneza Blanche Satellite Venues Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) Fotografiska festival, from March 23, 2023 2023 [ edit ] ASVOFF 15, under jury president Jay-Jay Johanson (/wiki/Jay-Jay_Johanson) ASVOFF MAIN COMPETITION Jury list Prize categories President – Jay-Jay Johanso – Composer, Musician, Artist Charlotte Colbert – Film Director Harry Goaz – Actor, Artist Giuliano Calza – Fashion Designer GCDS Thebe Magugu – Fashion Designer Gabrielle Lazure – Actress Bina Daigeler – Costume Designer Pascal K. Douglas – Editor-in-chief at Paul.E Magazine Mei Hui Liu – Fashion Designer Paolo Calia – Photographer, Set Designer Cuba Tornado Scott – Model, Film Director, Photographer Lucien Heritier – Designer, Musician, Stylist, Photographer, Content Creator DSMP Djeason Valerio – Set Designer and scenographer DSMP Odunayo Ojo aka Fashion Roadman – youtuber and journalist COUTURFU – Influencer Omoyemi Akerele – Founder Lagos Fashion Week Peter Stephen Jungk – Author Melissa Alibo – PR, Marketing Consultant, Writer Emma Davidson – Fashion Features Director Dazed Pierre A. M’Pele aka Pam Boy – Head of editorial content GQ France Grand Prize : "TO DIE FOR" by Dylan Eno Sprik Best Beauty : "DAPHNE GUINNESS HIP NECK SPINE" by Milosh Harajda Best Art Direction : "I REMEMBER MY DREAM" by Jhenyfy Muller Best Advertising : "0000 A FILM" by Injury Best Acting : "CHOCO HOAX" by Alice Fassi Best Styling : "I REMEMBER MY DREAM" by Jhenyfy Muller Best Cinematography : "ARTIFICIAL FLOWER" by Zehua Wu Best Sound Design : "NOCTURNA" by Ed Edwards & Kim Ryan Best Editing : "HANGUK" by Hunter and Gatti ASVOFF THEMED CATEGORIES Jury list Winner(s) Climate Warriors President Liv Elbaz Paris President of Honor Jose Levy – Artist Paola Renée Lou-Anne Theme Winner : "ACTION NOW" - by Suzanne Veuriot Best Student Film Lillian Birnbaum Miguel Villalobos Theme Winner : "ETHEREAL MAIDEN" - Boiana Ludmilova Aleksandrova, Robin Ellis Lee Honorable Mention : "B PERFECT" - by Emma Alice Skarniak AI Generated Films curated by Pedro Guez Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stephy Fung Opé Sebastian Felix Topescu Anna Dart Stella Achenbach Aria Phenix Guilherme Duque Tafari Hinds Theme Winner : "TENSHO" - by Ced Pakusevskij The Queer Archive curated by Konstantinos Menelaou Mollie Mills Ricardo Gomes Richard Villani Theme Winner : "THE DEMONS OF DOROTHY" - by Alexis Langlois (/wiki/Alexis_Langlois) bubby curated by Melissa Alibo Young Paris Evan Marshall Yasmina Junek Jason Heath Harvey Ambomo Theme Winner : "FROM THE GODS TO EARTH" - by Malakai bubby curator Camille Mervin-Leroy curator Gemma A. Williams Tasha Liu Lucia Liu Theme Winner : "IT IS NOT SPRING UNTIL ALL FLOWERS BLOSSOM" - by Curry Sicong Tian Responsible Actions curator Sara Sozzani Maino curator Matteo Ward "JUNK CHILE" - by Olmo Parenti & Matteo Keffer "JUNK GHANA" - by Olmo Parenti & Matteo Keffer StreamedArt & Telematic Improvisations curator Prof. Alex Murray-Leslie moderator David Herman moderator Alex Murray-Leslie moderator Kathi Glas moderator Giulia Timis moderator Mohammad Bayesteh Exhibition UNIVERSAL TONGUE by Anouk Kruithof Satellite Venues Paris (/wiki/Paris) at tSilencio des Pres, Friday January 14th Rome (/wiki/Rome) at the Romantica Station, April 13 - 14, Tempio di Vibe Sabna and Adriano Piazza di Pietra [70] (#cite_note-70) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "archives" (http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/archives) . A Shaded View on Fashion Film . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Zoo Magazine" (http://www.zoomagazine.de/the_magazine/contributors/) . Zoomagazine.de. 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Retrieved 19 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "A SHADED VIEW ON FASHION FILM #6 ВО ВЛАДИВОСТОКЕ" (http://zaryavladivostok.ru/en/screenings/post/319) . ЦСИ ЗАРЯ . Retrieved 19 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "about" (http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/about) . A Shaded View on Fashion Film . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Paris_Paume_51-0) "A SHADED VIEW ON FASHION FILM" (http://www.jeudepaume.org/index.php?page=article&idArt=807) . Le Jeu de Paume . Retrieved 22 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Paris_Pompidou_2015_52-0) Staff, VICE; Dangerfield, Micha Barban (2 December 2015). "le film de mode a lui aussi son festival" (https://i-d.vice.com/fr/article/j5p5ak/le-film-de-mode-a-lui-aussi-son-festival) . I-D (in French) . Retrieved 22 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Geniile modei se întâlnesc la Cluj" (https://evz.ro/geniile-modei-se-intalnesc-la-cluj-892424.html) . evz.ro (in Romanian) . Retrieved 19 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "ASVOFF Milano" (https://www.vogue.it/talents/a-short-film-with/2010/04/asvoff) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). 29 April 2010 . Retrieved 19 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Diane, A Shaded View on Fashion: ASVOFF-the Jury deliberation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110926233147/http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2008/09/asvoff-the-jury.html) . Dianepernet.typepad.com. 22 September 2008. Archived from the original (http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2008/09/asvoff-the-jury.html) on 26 September 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Diane, A Shaded View on Fashion: ASVOFF – the winner of the public prize" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110926233142/http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2008/09/asvoff---the-wi.html) . Dianepernet.typepad.com. 29 September 2008. Archived from the original (http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2008/09/asvoff---the-wi.html) on 26 September 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) diane pernet (14 September 2009). "Diane, A Shaded View on Fashion: ASVOFF 2 jury meeting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110625085332/http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2009/09/asvoff-2-jury-meeting.html) . Dianepernet.typepad.com. Archived from the original (http://dianepernet.typepad.com/diane/2009/09/asvoff-2-jury-meeting.html) on 25 June 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Rick Owens honored at fashion film festival, winners announced – Fashion, Life & Style" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/rick-owens-honored-at-fashion-film-festival-winners-announced-5503903.html) . The Independent . London. 10 October 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190719080447/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/rick-owens-honored-at-fashion-film-festival-winners-announced-5503903.html) from the original on 19 July 2019 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "A Shaded View on Fashion Film" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111828/http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/vogue-video-lab/2010/07/a-shaded-view-on-fashion-film-n-3) . Vogue.it. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/vogue-video-lab/2010/07/a-shaded-view-on-fashion-film-n-3) on 16 July 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) —Sarah Perpich (25 September 2010). "Diane Pernet And Tavi Take The Shaded View of Fashion Film: style file: daily fashion, party, and model news" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100927235805/http://www.style.com/stylefile/2010/09/diane-pernet-and-tavi-take-the-shaded-view-of-fashion-film/) . Style.com. Archived from the original (http://www.style.com/stylefile/2010/09/diane-pernet-and-tavi-take-the-shaded-view-of-fashion-film/) on 27 September 2010 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "Diane Pernet en Tavi zoeken filmtalent – Grazia Nieuws" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110724152912/http://www.grazia.nl/2010/04/23/diane-pernet-en-tavi-op-zoek-naar-filmtalent/) . Grazia.nl. Archived from the original (http://www.grazia.nl/2010/04/23/diane-pernet-en-tavi-op-zoek-naar-filmtalent/) on 24 July 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) Mdvanii (28 July 2010). "Mdvanii: Interview With Diane Pernet" (http://mdvaniiism.blogspot.com/2010/07/interview-with-diane-pernet.html) . Mdvaniiism.blogspot.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110708052804/http://mdvaniiism.blogspot.com/2010/07/interview-with-diane-pernet.html) from the original on 8 July 2011 . Retrieved 2 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212353/http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/IMG/pdf/ASVOFF_3_WINNERS.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/IMG/pdf/ASVOFF_3_WINNERS.pdf) (PDF) on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 20 December 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-blogspot1_64-0) http://fashionheroines.blogspot.com/2010/05/diane-pernet-talks-about-blogging.html (http://fashionheroines.blogspot.com/2010/05/diane-pernet-talks-about-blogging.html) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-65) "About - A SHADED VIEW ON FASHION FILM" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110707173604/http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/about) . Archived from the original (http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/about) on 7 July 2011 . Retrieved 20 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Program - A SHADED VIEW ON FASHION FILM" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120316100407/http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/program) . Archived from the original (http://www.ashadedviewonfashionfilm.com/program) on 16 March 2012 . Retrieved 7 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Fashion blogger launches film festival" (https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/fashion-blogger-launches-film-festival-ng-e13e99fee1b90164471ec515deb1863f) . PerthNow . 6 August 2011 . Retrieved 15 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Kering Bringing French Film Fest to U.S." (http://www.wwd.com/media-news/film-tv/kering-bringing-french-film-fest-to-us-7486580) 20 February 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-ASVOFF_11_69-0) GWAND (26 April 2020). "ASVOFF – REVIEW ON THE 11TH EDITION" (https://gwand.org/en/asvoff-review-11th-edition-submission-12th/) . Retrieved 7 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Romantica, l'evento per rilanciare Roma nel panorama della moda" (https://www.romatoday.it/eventi/romantica-moda-roma-13-14-aprile-2024.html) . RomaToday (in Italian) . Retrieved 14 April 2024 . External links [ edit ] ASVOFF.com (http://www.asvoff.com/) MikeFiggis.co.uk (http://www.mikefiggis.co.uk/) MichaelNyman.com (http://www.michaelnyman.com/) MariaDeMedeiros.net (http://www.mariademedeiros.net/) RickOwens.eu (http://www.rickowens.eu/) Knack Weekend: a comparative article on fashion film and the 80s music video (https://web.archive.org/web/20101206071056/http://knackweekend.rnews.be/nl/life-and-style/mode/film/fashion-film-mode-beweegt/article-1194850828554.htm) The Independent.co.uk: fashion events in October 2009 (https://web.archive.org/web/20091018082335/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/global-fashion-events-in-october-reminder-1797608.html) Gsus Lopez (http://www.gsuslopez.com) – film director – (ASVOFF Barcelona 2012 Grand Prix Winner) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐769f687954‐b9xgp Cached time: 20240709110121 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.595 seconds Real time usage: 1.915 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 33384/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 133903/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5464/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 268040/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.533/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5641179/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1675.467 1 -total 33.61% 563.102 1 Template:Reflist 30.05% 503.440 129 Template:R 28.34% 474.861 129 Template:R/ref 24.69% 413.750 67 Template:Cite_web 9.02% 151.121 129 Template:R/superscript 7.96% 133.412 1 Template:Short_description 7.57% 126.849 129 Template:R/where 3.50% 58.703 8 Template:Main_other 3.50% 58.659 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30126102-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709110121 and revision id 1232448945. 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Votive offering in Medieval Europe Detail of a suspended votive crown from Visigothic (/wiki/Visigothic) Spain, before 672 AD. Part of the Treasure of Guarrazar (/wiki/Treasure_of_Guarrazar) offered by Reccesuinth (/wiki/Reccesuinth) . Out of view are chains for suspension above, and a Byzantine pendant cross below. Alternate view. [1] (#cite_note-1) A votive crown is a votive offering (/wiki/Votive_offering) in the form of a crown (/wiki/Crown_(headgear)) , normally in precious metals and often adorned with jewels. Especially in the Early Middle Ages (/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages) , they are of a special form, designed to be suspended by chains at an altar, shrine (/wiki/Shrine) or image. Later examples are more often typical crowns in the style of the period, either designed to be placed on the head of a statue, or re-used in this way after donation. Pre-Christian examples [ edit ] There were pagan votive crowns in the ancient world, although these are essentially known only from literary references. Vitruvius (/wiki/Vitruvius) records that when Hiero II of Syracuse (/wiki/Hiero_II_of_Syracuse) (died 215 BC) suspected his goldsmith of cheating him over the making of a votive crown for a statue in a temple, for which he had supplied the gold to be used, he asked Archimedes (/wiki/Archimedes) to devise a test. This led Archimedes to his famous eureka (/wiki/Eureka_(word)) moment, after he realized he could test the crown by comparing its displacement (/wiki/Displacement_(fluid)) of water to that of the same weight of pure gold; in fact the goldsmith had taken some gold and added silver instead. [2] (#cite_note-2) From other references, it seems that in classical times not just statues of the gods, but also living rulers were presented with crowns in the hope of a favourable response to a request. Suspended votive crowns [ edit ] Byzantine votive crown, given by Leo VI (/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise) (r. 886-912), now in the Treasury of San Marco, Venice (/wiki/San_Marco,_Venice) The largest number of surviving examples of the Christian Early Medieval suspended type come from 7th century Visigothic (/wiki/Visigoth) Hispania (/wiki/Hispania) , especially the Treasure of Guarrazar (/wiki/Treasure_of_Guarrazar) , from near Toledo (/wiki/Toledo,_Spain) , which includes no fewer than twenty-six examples in gold, probably hidden as the Muslim invasion (/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests) drew near. These were excavated in 1859, and are now divided between the National Archaeological Museum of Spain (/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain) in Madrid and the Musée de Cluny (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny) in Paris. [3] (#cite_note-musee-3) However, the type was originally Roman or Byzantine, and adopted widely across Europe; [4] (#cite_note-stokstad84-4) nearly all these have been lost, as the objects were naturally extremely vulnerable to theft or looting. These could not be worn, as they were too small and also very often had pendilia (/wiki/Pendilia) , or dangling ornaments on chains hanging from the main crown, often with jewels and perhaps formed into letters which spelled a word or phrase. In the example above, the letters on the pendilia spell "RECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET", or "King Recceswinth (/wiki/Recceswinth) offered this". [4] (#cite_note-stokstad84-4) These royal donations signified the submission of the monarchy to God. [3] (#cite_note-musee-3) Such objects were probably influenced by the thirty suspended gold crowns placed round the main altar of Hagia Sophia (/wiki/Hagia_Sophia) by Justinian (/wiki/Justinian) , now lost, [5] (#cite_note-5) although the Christian practice is at least as old as the 4th century. [6] (#cite_note-6) The main body of suspended crowns is usually flat around the top as well as the bottom rim; some are merely an open framework of flexibly linked metal pieces. Such crowns were probably found widely across Christian Europe in this period; the will of 572 of Aredius, a wealthy friend of Gregory of Tours (/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours) in Gaul (/wiki/Gaul) , describes a crown that sounds very similar in form to the Spanish examples. [7] (#cite_note-7) The Iron Crown of Lombardy (/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy) was most probably made as a votive crown, although it was later used for the coronation (/wiki/Coronation) of monarchs including Charles V (/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) and Napoleon I (/wiki/Napoleon_I) . Another gold crown was a source of contention in Constantinople (/wiki/Constantinople) ; it was given to the Emperor Maurice (/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)) (r. 582-602) by his wife Constantina (/wiki/Constantina_(empress)) and the dowager (/wiki/Dowager) Empress Sophia (/wiki/Sophia_(empress)) for Easter 601, intended to be worn by him. Instead, he had it suspended by chains over the main altar of Hagia Sophia, upsetting the two ladies. [8] (#cite_note-8) It hung there for nearly two centuries, until Emperor Leo IV (/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar) coveted it and took it for his own use. In a suspiciously neat story, the crown was richly decorated with carbuncles (/wiki/Carbuncle_(gemstone)) (jewels), and Leo, who was an iconoclast (/wiki/Byzantine_iconoclasm) , soon after died of an outbreak of carbuncles (/wiki/Carbuncle) (abscesses), allowing the church to draw the obvious conclusion; other stories said his wife had poisoned him. [9] (#cite_note-9) Another Byzantine votive crown, given by Leo VI (/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise) (r. 886-912) is now in the Treasury of San Marco, Venice (/wiki/San_Marco,_Venice) , and is decorated with cloisonné enamels (/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9_enamel) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Statue votive crowns [ edit ] One of many crowned statues of the Virgin Mary (/wiki/Virgin_Mary) carried in the processions of Holy Week in Seville (/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville) . In England, a later medieval source says that King Canute (/wiki/King_Canute) gave a, or "his", crown to be placed on or over ("super caput") the head of the rood (/wiki/Rood) , or large crucifix (/wiki/Crucifix) , in Winchester Cathedral (/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral) (other notables decorated statues with their jewellery or a sword). [11] (#cite_note-11) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle) records that Hereward the Wake (/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake) 's men looted a solid gold crown from the head of the rood on the main altar of Peterborough Cathedral (/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral) in 1070. [12] (#cite_note-12) The Romanesque period (/wiki/Romanesque_art) saw the height of crowned images of Christ, who is often shown wearing a crown on the cross in wood and metal figures, and manuscript illuminations, and also the introduction of crowned images of the Virgin Mary (/wiki/Virgin_Mary) in the West, as the concept of Mary as Queen of Heaven (/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven) became increasingly prominent. Statue crown temporarily removed, Obando Church (/wiki/Obando_Church) , Philippines. A very small late medieval crown now in the Treasury of Aachen Cathedral (/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral) was made for the famously lavish wedding celebrations in 1468 of Margaret of York (/wiki/Margaret_of_York) , Duchess of Burgundy (/wiki/Duchess_of_Burgundy) , sister of Edward IV of England (/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England) , and later placed on a statue of the Virgin Mary as a votive offering. It was designed to be worn on top of an elaborate headdress and hairstyle, or perhaps on a hennin (/wiki/Hennin) , and is much smaller than a conventional crown for wearing directly on the head. [13] (#cite_note-13) This is now a rare example of a medieval votive crown that has survived above ground. A few years later, in 1487, the crown that had been used by the pretender Lambert Simnel (/wiki/Lambert_Simnel) was given to a statue of the Virgin in Dublin. [14] (#cite_note-14) Crowns designed solely for statues became increasingly elaborate, especially in the Baroque (/wiki/Baroque) period, and in the Spanish world; they often have a flat radiating " sunburst (/wiki/Sunburst) " around them, in the style used for monstrances (/wiki/Monstrance) , as in the example illustrated. Statues of the Virgin Mary and the Infant Jesus (/wiki/Infant_Jesus) , of the Infant Jesus of Prague (/wiki/Infant_Jesus_of_Prague) type, are among those most commonly crowned. The Crown of the Andes (/wiki/Crown_of_the_Andes) is a votive crown from Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) in gold with 450 emeralds (/wiki/Emerald) , apparently made between the late 16th and 18th centuries, perhaps originally as an offering in thanks for the city of Popayán (/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n) being spared from a plague. It is now in private hands in the US. [15] (#cite_note-15) Contemporary examples [ edit ] Votive crowns have continued to be produced in Catholic countries in modern times. Often such crowns were kept in the church treasury (/wiki/Church_treasury) except for special occasions such as relevant feast-days, when they are worn by the statue. Christ and the Virgin Mary are frequently conventionally shown wearing crowns in Christian art, in subjects such as the Coronation of the Virgin (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Virgin) , and are the most common figures to be crowned, but other saints may also be given crowns, especially if the saint was royal, or a martyr (/wiki/Martyr) , as martyrs are promised crowns in heaven by many texts. In Greece a tama or votive offering of, or depicting, two small wedding crowns, as used locally, indicates a request for a good marriage. Actual crowns used in ceremonies were normally retained by the couple. [16] (#cite_note-16) See also [ edit ] Media related to Votive crowns (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Votive_crowns) at Wikimedia Commons Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Another view (/wiki/File:Tesoro_de_Guarrazar_(M.A.N._Madrid)_01.jpg) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rossi & Russo, 11-12. Vitruvius text (https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/9*.html) , see sections 9-12. ^ Jump up to: a b Musée de Cluny (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny) , webpage with another crown (http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/pages/page_id18361_u1l2.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100317142133/http://www.musee-moyenage.fr/pages/page_id18361_u1l2.htm) 2010-03-17 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , accessed May 20, 2010 (in French). ^ Jump up to: a b Stokstad, 84 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Stokstad, 84; Beckwith, 345 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Chopin, Danielle Gaborit. Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages "Crown, art", edited by André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Michael Lapidge, Volume 1, page 390. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Fletcher, 62 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Garland, Linda Online biography of Constantina (http://www.roman-emperors.org/tina.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Treadgold, 370, though he says the crown was a different one, given by Heraclius (/wiki/Heraclius) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Image of Leo VI's crown" (http://i154.photobucket.com/albums/s279/desniza/VI.jpg) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dodwell, 212, ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dodwell, 213, ^ (#cite_ref-13) Image of Margaret's crown (http://www.culture24.org.uk/asset_arena/7/88/22887/v0_master.jpg) Schitker, 105-111 explores the donation in detail. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Schnitker, 110 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Norman, Geraldine, ‘Crowning Glory of the Andes’ (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/crowning-glory-of-the-andes-1587131.html) : The Independent on Sunday , 18 June 1995. The crown was not in fact sold. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Marriage Customs of the World (https://books.google.com/books?id=o8JlWxBYs40C&dq=Greek+wedding+crown&pg=PA90) . References [ edit ] Beckwith, John, Early Christian and Byzantine Art , Penguin History of Art (now Yale), 2nd edn. 1979, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-14-056033-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-056033-5) Dodwell, C.R.; Anglo-Saxon Art, A New Perspective , 1982, Manchester UP, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7190-0926-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-0926-X) (US edn. Cornell, 1985) Fletcher, Richard A. The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity , University of California Press, 1999, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-520-21859-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-21859-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-21859-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21859-8) Rossi, Cesare, Russo, Flavio & Russo, Ferruccio. Ancient Engineers' Inventions: Precursors of the Present , Springer, 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 90-481-2252-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-481-2252-X) , 9789048122523 Schnitker, Harry. Margaret of York on Pilgrimage , in Reputation and Representation in fifteenth century Europe , eds. Douglas Biggs, Sharon D. Michalove, Albert Compton Reeves, BRILL, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 90-04-13613-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13613-4) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-13613-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13613-7) Stokstad, Marilyn. Medieval Art , Harper & Row, 1986. Treadgold, Warren T., A History of the Byzantine State and Society , Stanford University Press, 1997, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8047-2630-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8047-2630-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2630-6) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐j86j4 Cached time: 20240719053726 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.269 seconds Real time usage: 0.368 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2417/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1825/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32329/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.131/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4602903/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 318.296 1 -total 47.44% 151.000 1 Template:Reflist 35.84% 114.066 1 Template:Cite_web 25.57% 81.385 1 Template:Short_description 15.15% 48.211 9 Template:ISBN 15.06% 47.928 2 Template:Pagetype 8.36% 26.609 1 Template:Commonscatinline 7.97% 25.376 9 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 7.17% 22.837 1 Template:Sister-inline 6.71% 21.353 12 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27409114-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719053726 and revision id 1156056741. 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International body painting festival Rabarama Skin Art Festival Rabarama Skin Art Festival official poster, 2017 Frequency Annual Location(s) Italy (Milano, Torino, Roma, Firenze, Savona, Merano, Reggio Calabria, Lecce, ... ) Years active 4 Inaugurated 2014 ( 2014 ) Participants 500 Organised by Kryolan (/wiki/Kryolan) Italia Website www (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com) .rabaramaskinartfestival (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com) .com (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com) The Rabarama Skin Art Festival (abbreviated: RSAF) is an international festival dedicated to the promotion of artistic body painting (/wiki/Body_painting) , in the form known as "Skin Art". [1] (#cite_note-Manifesto-1) Begun in 2014, the festival is held every year in Italy from May to October, with selections in various Italian cities. The final event was held in Merano (/wiki/Merano) (BZ) in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. The festival is supported by a brand leader in professional cosmetics, [2] (#cite_note-2) by the artist Rabarama (/wiki/Rabarama) , [3] (#cite_note-3) and by various Italian municipalities. [4] (#cite_note-4) The international media partner is the body painting magazine "Skin MarkZ" (USA). During year 2017, the festival started to create 3D scans of the body art works to create a virtual "Museum of Skin Art". [5] (#cite_note-5) The concept of "Skin Art" for the RSAF [ edit ] The term "skin art" refers to a global and living art work made of body art, make-up, SFX (/wiki/Special_effects) , stage performance, video and music, with a strong message about issues related to the concept of “body”. The concept derives from the "Skin Art Manifesto", [1] (#cite_note-Manifesto-1) which states: "The omologation, the transformation of living beings in things and destruction on a global scale of nature are prevailing. Even if efforts are made to conceptualize and speculate about this, we have already started to feel it on our bodies." Events and actions related to the RSAF [ edit ] During the 2015 edition of the IDAHOBIT: International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia, the RSAF staged some flash happenings in public places in Florence (/wiki/Florence) and Catanzaro (/wiki/Catanzaro) with painted models, to support the event. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2017, the RSAF partnered with the Venice International Tattoo Convention (/wiki/Tattoo_convention) , to bring the "skin art" on the stage, with a live performance. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] body art (/wiki/Body_art) body painting (/wiki/Body_painting) World Bodypainting Festival (/wiki/World_Bodypainting_Festival) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Skin Art Manifesto" (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com/skin-art-manifesto) . Rabarama Skin Art Festival . Retrieved 22 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Rabarama Skin Art Festival: il grande successo della finale!" (https://it.kryolan.com/news/rabarama-skin-art-festival-il-grande-successo-della-finale) . Kryolan Professional Makeup (in Italian). 7 October 2016 . Retrieved 22 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Falchini, Federica (6 April 2015). "Parla Rabarama" (http://insideart.eu/2015/04/06/parla-rabarama/) . Inside Art (in Italian) . Retrieved 22 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Finale del Rabarama Skin Art Festival" (https://www.merano-suedtirol.it/it/merano-e-dintorni/veranstaltung/finale-del-rabarama-skin-art-festival-2989/) . merano-suedtirol.it (in Italian) . Retrieved 22 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rabarama Festival l'arte sulla pelle anche a Verona" (http://www.larena.it/territori/citt%C3%A0/rabarama-festival-l-arte-sulla-pelle-anche-a-verona-1.5659096) [Rabarama Skin Art Festival also in Verona]. L'Arena (in Italian). 27 April 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rabarama Skin Art Festival A Sorpresa Contro L'Omofobia" (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com/single-post/2015/05/19/Rabarama-Skin-Art-Festival-A-Sorpresa-Contro-LOmofobia) [Rabarama Skin Art Festival to Surprise against Homophobia]. Rabarama Skin Art Festival (in Italian). 19 May 2015 . Retrieved 27 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Patrizia Vacalebri (10 October 2017). "Tutto il mondo del tatuaggio a Venezia" (http://www.ansa.it/lifestyle/notizie/beauty/makeup/2017/10/10/tutto-il-mondo-del-tatuaggio-a-veneziavideo_dc91f8d7-e4db-460e-8dbe-e11620bc0e3a.html) [The Whole World of the Tattoo] (in Italian). Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. External links [ edit ] official website (http://www.rabaramaskinartfestival.com) This article related to a festival in Europe is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabarama_Skin_Art_Festival&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐t96dk Cached time: 20240712190023 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.228 seconds Real time usage: 0.311 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 958/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21018/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1114/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31236/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.163/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4283816/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 285.596 1 -total 32.15% 91.813 6 Template:Cite_web 22.29% 63.661 1 Template:Short_description 21.55% 61.558 1 Template:Europe-festival-stub 20.98% 59.915 1 Template:Asbox 19.26% 54.999 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 17.94% 51.248 1 Template:Infobox 13.19% 37.678 2 Template:Pagetype 5.55% 15.840 4 Template:Main_other 4.84% 13.812 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52891329-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712190023 and revision id 1216952580. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabarama_Skin_Art_Festival&oldid=1216952580 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabarama_Skin_Art_Festival&oldid=1216952580) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Body art (/wiki/Category:Body_art) Art festivals in Italy (/wiki/Category:Art_festivals_in_Italy) European festival stubs (/wiki/Category:European_festival_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles) |
(Redirected from Hemp Levi's jeans urban legend (/w/index.php?title=Hemp_Levi%27s_jeans_urban_legend&redirect=no) ) American clothing company "Levi's" redirects here. For other uses, see Levi (disambiguation) (/wiki/Levi_(disambiguation)) and Levis (disambiguation) (/wiki/Levis_(disambiguation)) . "Levi's Jeans" redirects here. For the Beyoncé song, see Levii's Jeans (/wiki/Levii%27s_Jeans) . Levi Strauss & Co. Levi's flagship store in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) NYSE (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) : LEVI (https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:LEVI) (Class A) ISIN (/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number) US52736R1023 Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded May 1, 1853 ; 171 years ago ( 1853-05-01 ) (as David Stern & Levi Strauss) Founder Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss) Headquarters Levi's Plaza (/wiki/Levi%27s_Plaza) , San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , California (/wiki/California) , US (/wiki/US) Number of locations 2,800 company-operated stores [1] (#cite_note-1) Area served Worldwide Key people Michelle Gass (/wiki/Michelle_Gass) ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) ; [2] (#cite_note-Forbes-2) Harmit Singh ( CFO (/wiki/CFO) ) ; [2] (#cite_note-Forbes-2) Stephen Neal (/wiki/Stephen_Neal_(lawyer)) ( Chairman (/wiki/Chairman) ) [3] (#cite_note-3) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Brands Levi's Dockers (/wiki/Dockers_(brand)) Denizen Signature by Levi Strauss & Co. Revenue $ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 5.764 billion (2021) [4] (#cite_note-4) Operating income (/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes) $686 million (2021) [5] (#cite_note-5) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) $554 million (2021) [6] (#cite_note-6) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) $5.9 billion (2021) [7] (#cite_note-7) Number of employees 15,100 [8] (#cite_note-8) (2018) Website levistrauss.com (https://www.levistrauss.com/) levi.com (https://www.levi.com/) Levi Strauss & Co. ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ l iː v aɪ ˈ s t r aʊ s / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) LEE -vy STROWSS ) is an American clothing (/wiki/Clothing) company known worldwide for its Levi's ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ l iː v aɪ z / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) LEE -vyze ) brand of denim (/wiki/Denim) jeans (/wiki/Jeans) . It was founded in May 1853 [9] (#cite_note-9) when German-Jewish (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany) immigrant Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss) moved from Buttenheim (/wiki/Buttenheim) , Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) , to San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , California (/wiki/California) , to open a West Coast branch of his brothers' New York dry goods (/wiki/Dry_goods) business. Although the corporation is registered in Delaware (/wiki/Delaware) , [10] (#cite_note-10) the company's corporate headquarters is located in Levi's Plaza (/wiki/Levi%27s_Plaza) in San Francisco. [11] (#cite_note-11) History [ edit ] Origin and formation (1853–1890s) [ edit ] The original Levi Strauss logo, 1892 German-Jewish (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany) immigrant Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss) began business at 90 Sacramento Street in San Francisco, then moved to 62 Sacramento Street. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1858, the company was listed as Strauss, Levi (David Stern & Lewis Strauss) importers clothing, etc. 63 & 65 Sacramento St. (today, on the current grounds of the 353 Sacramento Street Lobby [13] (#cite_note-13) ) in the San Francisco Directory with Strauss serving as its sales manager and his brother-in-law, David Stern (/wiki/David_Stern_(businessman)) , as its manager. [14] (#cite_note-14) Jacob Davis (/wiki/Jacob_Davis_(inventor)) , a Latvian-Jewish (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia) [15] (#cite_note-15) immigrant, was a Reno, Nevada (/wiki/Reno,_Nevada) , [16] (#cite_note-16) tailor who frequently purchased bolts of denim cloth from Levi Strauss & Co.'s wholesale house. After one of Davis's customers kept purchasing cloth to reinforce torn pants, he thought of using copper rivets (/wiki/Rivet) to reinforce points of strain, such as on pocket corners and the base of the button fly (/wiki/Button_up_flies) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Davis lacked sufficient funds to obtain a patent, so he wrote to Strauss proposing a business partnership. After Strauss accepted Davis's offer, the two men received U.S. patent 139,121 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US139121) from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office) on May 20, 1873. The copper rivet was incorporated into the company's jean design and advertisements. Contrary to an advertising campaign suggesting that Levi Strauss sold his first jeans to gold miners during the California Gold Rush (/wiki/California_Gold_Rush) (which peaked in 1849), the manufacturing of denim overalls began in the 1870s. In 1890, the rivet patent went into the public domain; the same year, lot numbers were assigned to company products, and "501" was used to designate the famous copper-riveted waist overalls. The company lost its records in the 1906 earthquake and there is no information why that number was chosen. [18] (#cite_note-18) There are urban legends (/wiki/Urban_legend) claiming that the first pair of Levi's jeans were made of hemp (/wiki/Hemp) , despite being made from cotton by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company (/wiki/Amoskeag_Manufacturing_Company) . [19] (#cite_note-19) This misinformation was likely spread by Jack Herer (/wiki/Jack_Herer) . [20] (#cite_note-20) The first hemp jeans from Levi's were manufactured in March 2019. [21] (#cite_note-21) Growth in popularity (1910s–1960s) [ edit ] Levi Strauss advertising on a building in Woodland, California (/wiki/Woodland,_California) Modern jeans began to appear in the 1920s, but sales were largely confined to the working people of the western US, such as cowboys, lumberjacks, and railroad workers. Levi's jeans were first introduced to the East during the dude ranch (/wiki/Dude_ranch) craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easterners returned home with tales (and usually examples) of the hard-wearing riveted denim pants. Another boost came in World War II when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and sold only to people engaged in defense work. Between the 1950s and 1980s, Levi's jeans became popular among a wide range of youth subcultures (/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s) , including greasers (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) , mods (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) , rockers (/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)) , and hippies (/wiki/Hippie) . Levi's popular shrink-to-fit 501s were sold as labeled, sized as manufactured, and had substantial shrinkage upon laundering. [22] (#cite_note-22) Although popular lore (abetted by company marketing) holds that the original design remains unaltered, the crotch rivet, watch pocket rivets, and waist cinch were removed during World War II to conform with War Production Board metal conservation rules and only the watch pocket rivets restored after. [23] (#cite_note-23) Additionally, the back pocket rivets, which had been covered in denim since 1937 to prevent scratching furniture, were removed in the 1950s (and replaced by bar tacks) as they eventually wore through and caused the problem anyway. [24] (#cite_note-24) Blue jeans era (1960s–1980s) [ edit ] A pair of Levi's 501 jeans From the early 1960s through the mid-1970s, Levi Strauss experienced significant business growth as the casual look of the 1960s and 1970s ushered in the "blue jeans craze". Levi's, under the leadership of Walter Haas, Peter Haas Sr., Paul Glasco, and George P. Simpkins Sr., expanded the firm's clothing line by adding new fashions and models, such as " stone-washed (/wiki/Stone_washing) " jeans through the acquisition of Great Western Garment Co. (/wiki/Great_Western_Garment_Co.) (GWG), a Canadian clothing manufacturer, a technique still in use by Levi Strauss. Simpkins is credited with the company's record-paced expansion of its manufacturing capacity from 16 plants to more than 63 in the US – and 23 overseas – from 1964 to 1974. In the 1980s, the company closed approximately 60 manufacturing plants because of financial difficulties and strong competition. [25] (#cite_note-25) The Dockers (/wiki/Dockers_(brand)) brand, launched in 1986 and sold primarily through department store chains, helped the company grow through the mid-1990s, as denim sales began to wane. Dockers were introduced into Europe in 1996 and led by CEO Jorge Bardina. Levi Strauss attempted to sell the Dockers division in 2004 to relieve part of the company's $2.6 billion outstanding debt. Brand competition (1990s) [ edit ] Levi's 506 zip fly jeans By the 1990s, Levi's faced competition from other brands and cheaper products from overseas and began accelerating the pace of its US factory closures and its use of offshore subcontractors. In 1991, Levi Strauss became implicated in a scandal involving pants made in the Northern Mariana Islands (/wiki/Commonwealth_(United_States_insular_area)#Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands) : some 3% of Levi's jeans sold annually with the "Made in the USA" label were shown to have been made by Chinese laborers under what the U.S. Department of Labor (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor) called slave-like conditions. [26] (#cite_note-26) As of 2016 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.&action=edit) , only a few of the costlier higher-end styles are made domestically. Cited for sub-minimum wages, seven-day work weeks with 12-hour shifts, poor living conditions, and other workplace abuses, Tan Holdings Corporation (/wiki/Tan_Holdings_Corporation) , Levi Strauss' Marianas subcontractor, paid what were then the largest fines in US labor history, distributing more than $9 million in restitution to some 1,200 employees. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Levi Strauss claimed no knowledge of the offenses, severed ties to the Tan family, and instituted labor reforms and inspection practices in its offshore facilities. The activist group Fuerza Unida (/wiki/Fuerza_Unida) (United Force) formed following the January 1990 closure of a plant in San Antonio (/wiki/San_Antonio) , Texas (/wiki/Texas) , in which 1,150 seamstresses – some of whom had worked for Levi Strauss for decades – saw their jobs exported to Costa Rica (/wiki/Costa_Rica) . [30] (#cite_note-30) During the mid-and late 1990s, Fuerza Unida picketed the Levi Strauss headquarters in San Francisco and staged hunger strikes and sit-ins in protest of the company's labor policies. [31] (#cite_note-31) The company took on multibillion-dollar debt in February 1996 to help finance a series of private leveraged stock buyouts (/wiki/Leveraged_buyout) among family members determined to consolidate the company under their ownership. At the time, shares in Levi Strauss stock were not publicly traded. As of 2016, the firm was owned almost entirely by indirect descendants and collateral relatives of Levi Strauss, whose four nephews inherited the San Francisco dry-goods firm after their uncle died in 1902. [32] (#cite_note-32) The corporation's bonds are traded publicly, as are shares of the company's Japanese affiliate, Levi Strauss Japan K.K. In June 1996, the company offered to pay its workers an unusual dividend of up to $750 million in six years, having halted an employee-stock plan during the internal family buyout. However, the company failed to make cash-flow targets, and no worker dividends were paid. [33] (#cite_note-33) The annual sales of the brand increased in 1997 to $7.1 billion. [34] (#cite_note-34) Later developments (2000–present) [ edit ] This section is in list (/wiki/MOS:LIST) format but may read better as prose (/wiki/MOS:PROSE) . You can help by converting this section (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.&action=edit) , if appropriate. Editing help (/wiki/Help:Editing) is available. ( January 2024 ) A Levi's store in Chadstone Shopping Centre (/wiki/Chadstone_Shopping_Centre) in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia A Levi's outlet store in Vaughan Mills (/wiki/Vaughan_Mills) in Vaughan (/wiki/Vaughan) , Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) In 2002, Levi Strauss began a close business collaboration with Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , producing a line of "Signature" jeans and other clothes for sale only in Walmart stores until 2006. [35] (#cite_note-35) In 2002, the company closed its Valencia Street plant in San Francisco, which opened in 1906, the year of the city's devastating earthquake (/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake) . [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-nytsa2003-37) By the end of 2003, the closure of Levi's last U.S. factory in San Antonio (/wiki/San_Antonio) ended 150 years of jeans made in the United States. [38] (#cite_note-38) Production of a few higher-end, more expensive styles of jeans resumed in the U.S. several years later. [37] (#cite_note-nytsa2003-37) In 2002, Levi Strauss closed several factories worldwide and took control of GWG's operations. [39] (#cite_note-39) Attempts to make the GWG brand profitable again were unsuccessful, and the Edmonton (/wiki/Edmonton) GWG factory, along with all remaining Levi Strauss factories in North America, closed in 2004. [40] (#cite_note-40) By 2007, Levi Strauss was again profitable after declining sales in nine of the previous ten years. [41] (#cite_note-41) Its total annual sales of just over $4 billion were $3 billion less than during its peak performance [37] (#cite_note-nytsa2003-37) in the mid-1990s. [42] (#cite_note-42) After more than two decades of family ownership, rumors of a possible public stock offering appeared in the media in July 2007. [43] (#cite_note-43) As of 2007 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.&action=edit) , Levi Strauss leads the apparel industry in trademark infringement cases, filing nearly 100 lawsuits against competitors over six years from 2001. [44] (#cite_note-suing-44) Most cases center on the alleged imitation of Levi's back pocket double arc stitching pattern (U.S. trademark (/wiki/Trademark) No. 1,139,254), which Levi's filed for a trademark in 1978. [45] (#cite_note-45) Levi's has successfully sued Guess (/wiki/Guess%3F) , Polo Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren) , Esprit Holdings (/wiki/Esprit_Holdings) , Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) , Zumiez (/wiki/Zumiez) , and Lucky Brand Jeans (/wiki/Lucky_Brand_Jeans) , among other companies. [44] (#cite_note-suing-44) In 2010, the company partnered with Filson (/wiki/Filson_(company)) , an outdoor goods manufacturer in Seattle, to produce a high-end line of jackets and workwear. [46] (#cite_note-46) In 2011, the firm hired Chip Bergh as the president and chief executive of the brand. [47] (#cite_note-Loeb-47) In that same year, they established more than 20 different waterless manufacturing techniques, reducing the exceptionally high amounts of water used to create denim. Levi's is now the world's most sustainable brand of jeans in terms of water usage. [48] (#cite_note-48) On May 8, 2013, the NFL (/wiki/NFL) 's San Francisco 49ers (/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers) announced that Levi Strauss & Co. had purchased the naming rights to their new stadium (/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium) in Santa Clara, California (/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California) . The naming rights deal called for Levi's to pay $220.3 million to the city of Santa Clara and the 49ers over 20 years, with an option to extend the agreement for another five years for around $75 million. [49] (#cite_note-49) As of 2016 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.&action=edit) , Levi Strauss Signature jeans were sold in 110 countries. [47] (#cite_note-Loeb-47) In 2016, the company reported revenues of $4.6 billion. [47] (#cite_note-Loeb-47) On July 13, 2017, Levi Strauss heir Bill Goldman died in a private plane crash near Sonoma, California (/wiki/Sonoma,_California) . [50] (#cite_note-50) In 2017, Levi Strauss & Co. released a "smart jacket", an apparel they developed in partnership with Google (/wiki/Google) . After two years of collaboration, the result was a denim jacket set at $350. [51] (#cite_note-51) In March 2019, Levi's debuted on the New York Stock Exchange (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) under the ticker "LEVI". [52] (#cite_note-52) Levi Strauss was valued at $6.6 billion as its IPO (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) priced above the target. [53] (#cite_note-53) In September 2019, Levi's won a final judgment on a trademark infringement (/wiki/Trademark_infringement) in Guangzhou, China (/wiki/Guangzhou,_China) . The case centered on the "arcuate design on two pockets at the back of jeans", which has been protected in China since its registration there in 2005. The company won damages and costs in addition to a ban on future infringements. The infringer's ignorance of the trademark was no bar to punishment. [54] (#cite_note-lex19-54) In 2019, Levi's became one of only two major clothing companies with commitments in line with the Paris Agreement (/wiki/Paris_Agreement) 's goal of limiting global average temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. [55] (#cite_note-55) In 2020, Levi Strauss & Co. was expected to have completely replaced chemical usage as well as using lasers (/wiki/Laser) to cut, and design ripped parts of jeans. [56] (#cite_note-56) In December 2019, the Engage for Good (formerly Cause Marketing Forum) organization awarded the company the Golden Halo Award for 2020 [57] (#cite_note-57) for their advancements in corporate social impact. [58] (#cite_note-58) On August 5, 2021, Levi Strauss & Co. announced the acquisition of Beyond Yoga, entering the activewear market. They expect the acquisition will contribute more than $100 million in net revenue per year. [59] (#cite_note-59) It was announced senior executives are to speak with AI expert Blake Van Leer at the LA eCommerce Summit about their digital strategies and AI in 2023. [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) It was announced in January 2023 that Levi would begin accepting old pairs of jeans to recycle into more denim in a campaign to go green. [62] (#cite_note-62) Levi's Autumn/Winter 2023 WellThread capsule aimed to show the brand's engagement to sustainability as it included items made from 100% transitional cotton as well as plant-based natural dyes. [63] (#cite_note-63) Cultural impact [ edit ] Levi's have been worn by people of all backgrounds – from miners to actors to Nobel Prize recipients. Marlon Brando (/wiki/Marlon_Brando) and Albert Einstein (/wiki/Albert_Einstein) wore Levi's, and Einstein wore a 1930s-era Levi's leather jacket, which sold at auction house Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) in July 2016 for £110,500. [64] (#cite_note-64) Levi's is aggressive in advertising, marketing, and trademark (/wiki/Trademark) protection. It has used its signature arched stitching on the back pockets of its jeans since 1873. In 1943, the firm trademarked the design in the U.S. and has done so in more than 100 total jurisdictions as of 2019. [54] (#cite_note-lex19-54) It has also trademarked various word marks (/wiki/Word_marks) , including "Levi's", "Red Tab", "Orange Tab", "Silvertab", "501", "505", "517", "550", "569": and "Dockers". [65] (#cite_note-65) During the Cold War (/wiki/Cold_War) , Levi's became a symbol of the west in the Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) . According to historian Kristin Roth-Ey, the association stemmed from the 1957 World Festival of Youth and Students (/wiki/World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students) in Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) : Americans wore Levi's jeans to the event, resulting in widespread interest within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) that prompted the Soviet government to condemn the brand as a symbol of western decadence. [66] (#cite_note-Scott_2022-66) Continued demand for the jeans resulted in both genuine articles and bootlegs becoming commonplace in Soviet black markets, and in 1979, the Soviet government struck deals with Levi's and the VF Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) to manufacture jeans for consumers in the region; however, this deal fell through due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott (/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott) following the onset of the Soviet–Afghan War (/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War) . [67] (#cite_note-Gordon_2016-67) In 2022, it was reported that a pair of Levi's jeans from the 1880s found in an abandoned mine shaft was sold for $87,400 at an auction in New Mexico (/wiki/New_Mexico) . [68] (#cite_note-68) The vintage Levi's bore a label with the inscription "the only kind made by white labor", a detail which helped date the jeans to the period between 1882, which was after the U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act (/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act) , banning Chinese laborers seeking to immigrate to the U.S., and the 1890s, when the company "reversed [its] policy and company leaders began speaking out against the nation's racist policy". [69] (#cite_note-69) Corporate structure and staff [ edit ] Levi's Plaza (/wiki/Levi%27s_Plaza) in San Francisco, the location of the company's corporate headquarters Levi Strauss & Co. is a worldwide corporation organized into three geographic divisions: Levi Strauss Americas (LSA), which is headquartered in San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) ; Levi Strauss Europe (LSE), which is based in Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) ; and Levi Strauss Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa. Strauss passed the company to his nephews, the sons of David Stern, upon his death in 1902. Walter A. Haas (/wiki/Walter_A._Haas) , who married the daughter of David's fourth son, Sigmund Stern, became president in 1928, and the company remained under the ownership of the Stern-Haas family until first going public in 1971. However, in 1985, the Haas family recaptured ownership of the company, taking it private once again for the next 34 years. [70] (#cite_note-70) [71] (#cite_note-71) In February 2019, the company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) for an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) under the ticker symbol (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) LEVI. [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) It was held on March 21, 2019, selling for $17 per share. The company is also well known for promoting progressive causes. [74] (#cite_note-74) It was one of the earliest private sector institutions to support LGBTQ causes and, during the 2016 presidential campaign, donated $1 million to support immigration and LGBTQ (/wiki/LGBTQ) rights. In 2018, CEO Chip Bergh published an op-ed (/wiki/Op-ed) in Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) magazine, speaking out against gun violence. [75] (#cite_note-75) However, the company is alleged to make use of Uyghur (/wiki/Uyghurs) forced labor provided by the China-based supplier Beijing Guanghua Textile Group from a report by the Helena Kennedy Center for International Justice (/w/index.php?title=Helena_Kennedy_Center_for_International_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1) , the socialists and democrats in the European Parliament (/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats) . [76] (#cite_note-76) Levi's has disputed [77] (#cite_note-77) these claims. In the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , the company experienced a 62% drop in sales and recorded a $364 million loss. Some 700 office jobs were pared to reduce expenses by $100 million. [78] (#cite_note-78) Current products [ edit ] As of 2019, Levi's are made in many developing countries, including Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Mexico. Some top-end styles in the "Levi's Premium" and "Levi's Vintage Clothing" lines are produced in the United States. [79] (#cite_note-79) In addition to jeans, Levi's sells a full line of shirts, jackets, sweaters, underwear, socks, eyeglasses, accessories, dresses, skirts, and leather products. All jeans and pants are categorized by fit – skinny, slim, straight, bootcut, taper, relaxed, flare, and "big & tall" – identified by trademarked three-digit numbers. The 501, the company's original modern design, is available in styles for both men and women. The rest of the 500 series is designed for men, and the 300, 400, 700, and 800 series for women. [80] (#cite_note-80) Tag from a pair of Levi 501 button-fly jeans Detail of the back of a pair of Levi jeans See also [ edit ] Jean jacket (/wiki/Jean_jacket) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) San Francisco Bay Area (/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Levi Strauss & Co. Announces Fourth-Quarter & Fiscal-Year 2013 Financial Results" (http://www.levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LSCo-Q4-and-FY-2013-Earnings-Release-Final1.pdf) (PDF) (Press release). Levi Strauss. February 11, 2014 . Retrieved March 11, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Levi Strauss & Co" (https://www.forbes.com/companies/levi-strauss-co/) . Forbes . Retrieved May 22, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Executive Profile: Stephen C. Neal" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=21976958&privcapId=30773) . bloomberg.com . February 20, 2019 . Retrieved February 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Levi Strauss Revenue 2010-2022 | LEVI" (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/LEVI/levi-strauss/revenue) . macrotrends.net . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Levi Strauss Operating Income 2010-2022 | LEVI" (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/LEVI/levi-strauss/operating-income) . macrotrends.net . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Levi Strauss Net Income 2010-2022 | LEVI" (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/LEVI/levi-strauss/net-income) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Levi Strauss Total Assets 2010-2022 | LEVI" (https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/LEVI/levi-strauss/total-assets) . macrotrends.net . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "2018 Form 10-K" (https://s23.q4cdn.com/172692177/files/doc_financials/2018/q4/10k-q4-2018.pdf) (PDF) . s23.q4cdn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Levi Strauss & Co. Celebrates 150th Anniversary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170821004122/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/levi-strauss--co-celebrates-150th-anniversary-55466052.html) (Press release). PR Newswire. May 1, 2003. Archived from the original (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/levi-strauss--co-celebrates-150th-anniversary-55466052.html) on August 21, 2017 . Retrieved February 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "In the United States Patent and Trademark Office Before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board – Notice of Opposition" (https://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/ttabvue-91253125-OPP-1.pdf) (PDF) . No. ESTTA1025287. USPTO. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. December 24, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Duxbury, Sarah (July 13, 2009). "Levi Strauss to stay put in San Francisco" (http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2009/07/13/daily7.html) . San Francisco Business Times . Retrieved March 7, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Virk, Azhar Saleem (February 2003). Inspiration from Lives of Famous People . iUniverse. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780595268245 . 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"Levi's pulling out of Russia reminds people of the country's jean smuggler era" (https://www.npr.org/2022/03/10/1085838486/levi-s-pulling-out-of-russia-reminds-people-of-the-country-s-jean-smuggler-era) . All Things Considered . National Public Radio . Retrieved May 18, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gordon_2016_67-0) Gordon, Text (August 19, 2016). "Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s) . Dazed . Dazed Media . Retrieved May 18, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "19th-century Levi's jeans found in mine shaft sell for more than $87,000" (https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/19th-century-levis-jeans-intl-scli/index.html) . CNN . October 13, 2022 . Retrieved October 13, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/oct/15/vintage-denim-jeans-chinese-exclusion-white-labor) 'Made by white labor': the vintage Levi's that point to America's dark past" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/oct/15/vintage-denim-jeans-chinese-exclusion-white-labor) . The Guardian . October 15, 2022 . Retrieved October 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Levi Strauss & Co Timeline" (http://www.levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Levi-Strauss-and-Co-Timeline.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Barmash, Isadore (July 12, 1985). "Levi Strauss May Go Private" (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/12/business/levi-strauss-may-go-private.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-72) Lucas, Amelia (February 13, 2019). "Levi Strauss plans to go public — again. Files IPO under symbol LEVI" (https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/13/levi-strauss-files-for-ipo.html) . CNBC . Retrieved February 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Levi Strauss & Co. (February 13, 2019). "Form S-1: Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/94845/000119312519037135/d632158ds1.htm) . EDGAR . U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission . Retrieved February 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Levi Strauss & Co.'s Diversity Problem — And Our Plan to Fix It" (https://www.levi.com/US/en_US/blog/article/levi-strauss-co-s-diversity-problem-and-our-plan-to-fix-it/) . levi.com . Retrieved October 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-75) Bergh, Chip. "Why Business Leaders Need to Take a Stand on Gun Violence" (http://fortune.com/2018/09/04/levi-strauss-gun-violence-parkland/) . Fortune . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-76) Tailoring Responsibility: Tracing Apparel Supply Chains from the Uyghur Region to Europe (PDF) . Uyghur Rights Monitor, the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University, and the Uyghur Center for Democracy and Human Rights. December 2023. p. 20. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: date and year ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year) ) ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Levi's: Forced Labor Probe Based on 'Outdated' Intel" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-brands/levi-strauss-forced-labor-uyghur-xinjiang-canada-core-ombudsman-nike-456301/) . ^ (#cite_ref-78) "Levi's cuts 700 jobs due to falling sales" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53329555) . BBC News . July 7, 2000. ^ (#cite_ref-79) "Levi Strauss.com" (https://www.levi.com/US/en_US/search/%22made%20in%20the%20usa%22) . Retrieved July 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-80) "Levi Strauss.com" (http://www.levi.com/US/en_US) . Retrieved June 18, 2016 . Further reading [ edit ] Ford, Carin T. (2004). Levi Strauss: The Man Behind Blue Jeans (Famous Inventors) . Enslow Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7660-2249-8 . Van Steenwyk, Elizabeth (1988). Levi Strauss: The Blue Jeans Man . Walker. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8027-6795-8 . Cray, Ed (1978). Levi's: The Shrink to Fit business that stretched to cover the world . Houghton Mifflin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-395-26477-4 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Levi Strauss & Co. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) . Business data for Levi Strauss & Co.: Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/LEVI:US) Google (https://www.google.com/finance/quote/LEVI) Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/LEVI.N) SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=LEVI) Yahoo! (https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/LEVI) WikiMiniAtlas 37°48′10″N 122°24′10″W / 37.80278°N 122.40278°W / 37.80278; -122.40278 Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000040508950X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/312788469) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131706763) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131706763) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/2122243-5) 2 (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4281626-9) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007526383205171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50056833) Artists Museum of Modern Art (https://www.moma.org/artists/68886) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/035153067) 2 (https://www.idref.fr/15973424X) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k568r Cached time: 20240720163212 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.863 seconds Real time usage: 1.134 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7085/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 188676/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8167/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 24/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 314633/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.558/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8760184/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1016.643 1 -total 38.81% 394.600 1 Template:Reflist 14.18% 144.167 46 Template:Cite_web 14.10% 143.300 1 Template:Infobox_company 13.03% 132.427 1 Template:Infobox 10.03% 101.958 1 Template:Short_description 9.50% 96.540 28 Template:Cite_news 7.59% 77.147 2 Template:Cite_press_release 7.40% 75.189 1 Template:Authority_control 5.79% 58.833 21 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:503153-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720163212 and revision id 1232862342. 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American fashion designer Stephen "Suede" Baum Born Stephen Whitney Baum ( 1970-12-19 ) December 19, 1970 (age 53) Seven Hills, Ohio (/wiki/Seven_Hills,_Ohio) , U.S. Education Kent State University (/wiki/Kent_State_University) Occupation Fashion Designer (/wiki/Fashion_Designer) Known for Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Season 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_5)) , Project Runway: All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway:_All_Stars_(season_2)) , SUEDEsays Brand Stephen " Suede " Baum (born Stephen Whitney Baum [1] (#cite_note-1) December 19, 1970) is an independent American fashion designer based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) originally from Seven Hills, Ohio (/wiki/Seven_Hills,_Ohio) . He was a contestant on the fifth season of the television series Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_5)) and the second season of Project Runway: All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway:_All_Stars_(season_2)) , and is the creator of the SUEDEsays Brand. Background [ edit ] Baum was born in Seven Hills, Ohio (/wiki/Seven_Hills,_Ohio) , a suburb of Cleveland (/wiki/Cleveland) , and has one older brother. He is a 1989 graduate of Normandy High School (/wiki/Normandy_High_School_(Ohio)) in Parma, Ohio (/wiki/Parma,_Ohio) and graduated from Kent State University (/wiki/Kent_State_University) in Kent, Ohio (/wiki/Kent,_Ohio) in 1993, where he majored in fashion design. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-cleveland1-3) After finishing his degree and garnering the nickname "Suede" during his college years, Baum moved to New York City and interned with Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) on Mr. Beene's Couture collection. Baum created his first evening wear collection which premiered at the Cleveland Center of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Cleveland) alongside other designers. He went on to work for well-known brands, Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) Girls, Lee 1889, Jordache (/wiki/Jordache) , Polo Jeans Company (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) and Todd Oldham (/wiki/Todd_Oldham) Jeans. Suede has also worked for Old Navy (/wiki/Old_Navy) , Phillips Van-Heusen (/wiki/PVH_(company)) and Vanity Fair Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) . In 2001, he established the SUEDEsays Critics Award scholarship at the Kent State University School of Fashion, awarded each year to one senior designer graduate. [4] (#cite_note-4) Project Runway [ edit ] Baum was a contestant in season five (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_5)) of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , which first aired in 2008, the final season of Project Runway to air on Bravo TV (/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)) . He spoke in third person during the entirety of the Project Runway show. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the second episode, "Grass is always Greener", contestant designers were tasked with creating a red carpet look for "young Hollywood," but were not permitted to buy their own fabrics. Each contestant's model went to Mood Fabrics and selected fabrics that each designer would use to create their look. Suede won this challenge, which was judged in part by actress and guest judge, Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) . Over 250 pieces of this dress were manufactured and sold on Bluefly.com. [6] (#cite_note-6) Suede was eliminated after making it to the top five, but was brought back to show a collection during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Later life [ edit ] In 2009, Suede was inducted into the Kent State University (/wiki/List_of_Kent_State_University_alumni) Fashion Hall of Fame. Later that year, Cleveland PBS (/wiki/PBS) station WVIZ-TV (/wiki/WVIZ-TV) aired a special segment about Suede on the Applause show. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2010 Suede created custom work for the Craft and Hobby Association in Chicago utilizing a new machine, the eCraft by Craftwell. [9] (#cite_note-9) At the end of 2010 Suede signed his first licensing deal with Simplicity Patterns (/wiki/Simplicity_Pattern) . Responding to high sales Simplicity branched Suede's collection into their UK based New Look line launching SUEDEsays Studio by New Look. Suede's first menswear patterns and designs became available in September 2011. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Stephen Whitney Baum" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3073345/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kathleen Murphy Colan (15 July 2008). " (http://www.cleveland.com/tv/index.ssf/2008/07/project_runway_may_be_made_of.html) 'Project Runway' may be made of Suede" (http://www.cleveland.com/tv/index.ssf/2008/07/project_runway_may_be_made_of.html) . Cleveland Plain Dealer . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-cleveland1_3-0) "Kent State grad Stephen Whitney Baum fashions a New York career" (http://blog.cleveland.com/pdextra/2008/07/kent_state_grad_stephen_whitne.html) . Blog.cleveland.com. 15 July 2008 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fashion Design Schools, Fashion Design Colleges, Fashion Merchandising" (https://web.archive.org/web/20020818063621/http://dept.kent.edu/fashion/y4d.htm) . Kent State University. Archived from the original (http://dept.kent.edu/fashion/y4d.htm) on 2002-08-18 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Is Suede's Third-Person Shtick Just an Act?" (https://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2008/08/is_suedes_thirdperson_schtick.html) . 6 August 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Own Suede's Winning Project Runway Dress |" (https://archive.today/20120714020215/http://flypaper.bluefly.com/archives/2008/07/own-suedes-winning-project-run-1.html) . Flypaper.bluefly.com. Archived from the original (http://flypaper.bluefly.com/archives/2008/07/own-suedes-winning-project-run-1.html) on 2012-07-14 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Project Runway- Suede's Collection" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPb_sEkrMvU) . YouTube. 2008-09-19. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/IPb_sEkrMvU) from the original on 2021-12-21 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Applause show listing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110928092611/http://www.wviz.org/index.php/WVIZ/applause/29146/) . WVIZ. 2009-12-31. Archived from the original (http://www.wviz.org/index.php/WVIZ/applause/29146/) on 2011-09-28 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "suede desigfns for ecraft" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100819043545/http://craftwellusa.com/pages/suede-designs-for-ecraft) . Craftwell. Archived from the original (http://craftwellusa.com/pages/suede-designs-for-ecraft) on 2010-08-19 . Retrieved 2010-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Let's hear it for the boys" (http://www.threadsmagazine.com/item/20339/lets-hear-it-for-the-boys) . 13 October 2011. v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_19) 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_20) All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) 1 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(/wiki/Keith_Michael) Kelli Martin (/wiki/Kelli_Martin) Kevin Johnn (/wiki/Kevin_Johnn) Korto Momolu (/wiki/Korto_Momolu) Laura Bennett (/wiki/Laura_Bennett) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) Michael Costello (/wiki/Michael_Costello_(fashion_designer)) Mila Hermanovski (/wiki/Mila_Hermanovski) Mychael Knight (/wiki/Mychael_Knight) * Nick Verreos (/wiki/Nick_Verreos) Nicolas Putvinski (/wiki/Nicolas_Putvinski) Santino Rice (/wiki/Santino_Rice) Stephen "Suede" Baum Steven Rosengard (/wiki/Steven_Rosengard) Uli Herzner (/wiki/Uli_Herzner) Wendy Pepper (/wiki/Wendy_Pepper) International (/wiki/Project_Runway_(franchise)) Project Runway Algeria (/wiki/Project_Runway_El_Djazair) Designerspirene (/wiki/Designerspirene) Muodin huipulle (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle) 1 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_2) Project Catwalk (Netherlands) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_(Dutch_TV_series)) Project Catwalk (UK) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk) 1 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_1) 2 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Chinese underwear manufacturing company based in Dongguan, Guangdong Cosmo Lady (China) Holdings Company Limited Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 都市丽人（中国）控股有限公司 Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 都市麗人（中國）控股有限公司 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Dūshì Lìrén (Zhōngguó) Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàngōngsī Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) dou1 si5 lai6 jan4 (zung1 gwok3) hung3 gu2 jau5 haan6 gung1 si1 Shop in Suzhou (/wiki/Suzhou) Cosmo Lady (China) Holdings Company Limited ( HKSE (/wiki/HKSE) : 2298), doing business as Cosmo Lady ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 都市丽人 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 都市麗人 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Dūshì Lìrén ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : dou1 si5 lai6 jan4 ; lit. 'City Beauty') is a Chinese company, headquartered in Dongguan (/wiki/Dongguan) , that manufactures underwear; As of 2019 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmo_Lady&action=edit) it is the largest such company in the country. [1] (#cite_note-Yiu2019140USDloss-1) In 2014 it was the largest such company, if operating revenue is the method of measurement, with its own brand. [2] (#cite_note-TohHanShih-2) It operates some retail shops selling its own products. [1] (#cite_note-Yiu2019140USDloss-1) As of 2014 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmo_Lady&action=edit) Zheng Yaonan ( 郑耀南 ; 鄭耀南 ) is the chairperson. [3] (#cite_note-WongEJIN-3) History [ edit ] The brand was established in 1998 and the current corporation was established in 2009. [4] (#cite_note-Timeline-4) Historically the company sold only women's underwear. In 2014 the company had considered steps to also begin selling such products for male consumers. [3] (#cite_note-WongEJIN-3) That year it made an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) and effective 26 June 2014 was listed on the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) (HKSE). [2] (#cite_note-TohHanShih-2) In 2019 there was an expected loss of 140 million USD, and possible plans to close retail stores. [1] (#cite_note-Yiu2019140USDloss-1) Corporate affairs [ edit ] Its head office, the City Beauty Industrial Park ( 都市丽人工业园 ; 都市麗人工業園 ), [4] (#cite_note-Timeline-4) is in Fengdeling Village ( 凤德岭村 ; 鳳德嶺村 ; Fèngdélǐngcūn ; fung6 dak1 ling5 cyun1 ), Fenggang Town (/wiki/Fenggang,_Dongguan) , Dongnan District (/wiki/Dongnan_District) , Dongguan. [5] (#cite_note-5) It moved to its current headquarters in 2010. [4] (#cite_note-Timeline-4) See also [ edit ] Threegun (/wiki/Threegun) - Chinese clothing manufacturer based in Shanghai References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Yiu, Enoch (2019-12-24). "China's biggest underwear maker Cosmo Lady warns of US$140 million loss as slowing economy hits demand" (https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3043321/chinas-biggest-underwear-maker-cosmo-lady-warns-us140-million) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Retrieved 2019-12-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b Toh, Han Shih (2014-06-16). "Cosmo Lady, Changgang Dunxin to break Hong Kong's IPO doldrums" (https://www.scmp.com/business/money/markets-investing/article/1533577/cosmo-lady-changgang-dunxin-break-hong-kongs-ipo) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Retrieved 2019-12-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wong, Vey (2014-06-30). "Cosmo Lady eyes growth in men's underwear segment" (http://www.ejinsight.com/20140630-cosmo-lady-undergarments/) . Hong Kong Economic Journal (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_Journal) . Retrieved 2019-12-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Milestones" (http://www.cosmo-lady.com.hk/html/about_milestones.php) . Cosmo Lady . Retrieved 2019-12-24 . - Note that the industrial park, known as in Chinese as "都市丽人工业园" (simplified) and "都市麗人工業園" (traditional) -- See Simplified (http://www.cosmo-lady.com.hk/s/about_milestones.php) and Traditional (http://www.cosmo-lady.com.hk/c/about_milestones.php) Chinese "Milestones" pages -- is called "City Beauty Wind [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] Industrial Park" in the English timeline page, but is shown as having the English name "City Beauty (Dongguan) Industrial Park" in the image shown in the English about page (http://www.cosmo-lady.com.hk/html/about.php) (As of 2019/12/24) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cosmo Lady (China) Holdings Company Limited Global Offering" (https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2014/0616/ltn20140616013.pdf) (PDF) . p. 65 (PDF p. 71). Principal Place of Business and Head Office in China Shi Shi Xia Shan Tang Wei, Fengdeling Village Fenggang Town Dongguan City Guangdong Province, PRC - Address in Traditional Chinese (https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2014/0616/ltn20140616014_c.pdf) "中國主要營業地點及總部 中國廣東省東莞市鳳崗鎮鳳德嶺村獅石廈山塘尾" Further reading [ edit ] Hurd, Kari (2019-01-21). "How Good Is Cosmo Lady (China) Holdings Company Limited (HKG:2298), When It Comes To ROE?" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/good-cosmo-lady-china-holdings-054225839.html) . Yahoo! Finance (/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance) . External links [ edit ] Cosmo Lady (retail) (http://www.cosmo-lady.com/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140709164656/http://www.cosmo-lady.com/) 2014-07-09 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (in Chinese) Cosmo Lady (corporate, Hong Kong) (http://www.cosmo-lady.com.hk) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) Related Corset controversy (/wiki/Corset_controversy) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Lingerie party (/wiki/Lingerie_party) UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) This China (/wiki/China) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Type of clothing Edith Bellot, in the national dress of Dominica, 1961 The Wob Dwiyet , also called the Wob or Gwan Wob , is the national dress (/wiki/National_costume) of the countries of Dominica (/wiki/Dominica) , [1] (#cite_note-1) Saint Lucia (/wiki/Saint_Lucia) , and French West Indies (/wiki/French_West_Indies) . A traditional four-piece costume. The Wob Dwyiet (or Wobe Dwiette), a grand robe worn by the earlier French settlers. The madras is the traditional pattern of the women and girls of Dominica and St. Lucia, and its name is derived from the madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) cloth, a fabric used in the costume. History [ edit ] The cloth, known as the madras, is named after its place of origin, Madras (/wiki/Madras) , India (/wiki/India) . The origins of the madras lie in the pre- emancipation (/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean) days of St. Lucia, when enslaved Africans on the island would don the colourful dress during feast days. [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) Beginning in the late 17th century, enslaved people on the island were forced to wear the livery (/wiki/Livery) of the estate to which they belonged. [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) Normally a single colour, one piece item, originally worn as a sarong, later becoming a simple tunic with holes for the arms and head, and a simple rope belt. During Sundays and holidays, the enslaved people could normally wear what they wished, and through monies earned through selling produce from small plots of land, they would often buy colourful cloth. On feast days and special occasions, free women and enslaved people would wear the colourful clothes, now known as "Creole dress". [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) Towards the end of the 18th century the Indian cotton known as 'muchoir madras' became popular amongst the Creole women, and eventually replaced the white cotton head kerchief. The material was soon used for scarfs and then the 'jupe' or skirt. [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) With the fashion for ribbons becoming popular, women added them to the lace on the arms and the neck of their chemise. The chemise, once fashionably long, became shorter until replaced by a blouse and petticoat, but still with the threaded ribbons. [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) The madras today is almost identical to the traditional costumes worn by other former French colonies of the Caribbean, including the neighbouring islands of Martinique (/wiki/Martinique) , Guadeloupe (/wiki/Guadeloupe) and Dominica (/wiki/Dominica) . In 2004 a national awareness campaign was launched by the Saint Lucian government during the 25th anniversary of the country's Independence (/wiki/Independence_of_Saint_Lucia) . Both the Madras and the Wob Dwyiet, recognised as symbols of the country, were included in this campaign. [3] (#cite_note-3) Costume [ edit ] The Madras is made up of five individual pieces of clothing. The costume comprises a white cotton or poplin (/wiki/Poplin) blouse, known in French Creole (/wiki/Antillean_Creole) as a chimiz decolté or chemise decoltee, finished with Broderie Anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_Anglaise) and red ribbons. [4] (#cite_note-UN-4) The second item is an ankle length skirt, again trimmed with lace and red ribbons; which has two gathers towards the lower end of the garment. The third item is the shorter outer skirt, made of Madras material, to which the costume is named. The Madras material is used again in the fourth item, the head piece, known as the Tête en l'air or tèt anlè ; a square or rectangular piece of cloth worn over the forehead and folded to display varying numbers of peaks. The head scarf can be tied in a ceremonial fashion or can be worn to show the availability of the woman in courtship, [4] (#cite_note-UN-4) depending on the number of peaks tied into it. One peak represents that the woman is single, two that she is married, three that she is widowed or divorced, and four that she is available to any who tries. [2] (#cite_note-Folk_Research_Centre-2) The final item is a triangular silk scarf, foulard , pinned to the left shoulder, its apex at the end of the elbow and tucked into the waist of the skirt. [4] (#cite_note-UN-4) The costume is traditionally worn on Independence Day, National Day and Jounen Kwéyòl (/wiki/Jounen_Kw%C3%A9y%C3%B2l) (Creole Day). It is also worn when dancing the Quadrille (/wiki/Quadrille) , which has been adopted by the country as the national dance. See also [ edit ] Quadrille dress (/wiki/Quadrille_dress) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Henderson, Adrianna (7 May 2012). "Adrianna Henderson on the national dress of Dominica" (http://ciad.org.uk/2012/05/07/adrianna-henderson-on-the-national-dress-of-dominica/) . ciad.org.uk . Retrieved 17 October 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "National Dress of Saint Lucia" (http://www.stluciafolk.org/outfits/view/18) . Folk Research Centre . 2010 . Retrieved 15 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "National Symbols Awareness Campaign" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090611095523/http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/pr2004/january/national_symbols_awareness_campaign.htm) . Government of St Lucia . 9 January 2004. Archived from the original (http://stlucia.gov.lc/pr2004/january/national_symbols_awareness_campaign.htm) on 11 June 2009 . Retrieved 15 May 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Saint Lucia national dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090922182122/http://www.un.int/stlucia/Costume.htm) . United Nations. Archived from the original (http://www.un.int/stlucia/Costume.htm) on 22 September 2009 . Retrieved 15 May 2010 . Further reading [ edit ] Honychurch, Lennox; Caudeiron, Mable "Cissie" (1988). Our Island Culture . Dominican National Cultural Council. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9smfh Cached time: 20240714142319 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.055 seconds Real time usage: 0.076 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.031/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 715052/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 61.954 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 61.954 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54056672-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714142319 and revision id 797525966. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Models from Iwate Prefecture" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . K Akiko Kuji (/wiki/Akiko_Kuji) S Sumire (model) (/wiki/Sumire_(model)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Iwate_Prefecture&oldid=797525966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Iwate_Prefecture&oldid=797525966) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Japanese models by prefecture (/wiki/Category:Japanese_models_by_prefecture) People from Iwate Prefecture (/wiki/Category:People_from_Iwate_Prefecture) |
Thai fashion and lifestyle magazine owned by Haemarit Co., Ltd. Kazz Magazine Kazz Magazine Vol. 10, Issue No. 117 Categories Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) Lifestyle (/wiki/Lifestyle_magazine) Frequency Monthly Publisher Haemarit Co., Ltd. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-trustmark-2) Country Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) Based in Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) Language Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) Website kazz-magazine (https://kazz-magazine.com/) .com (https://kazz-magazine.com/) ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1686-8471 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1686-8471) Kazz Magazine (sometimes stylized as KAZZ Magazine ) is a Thai monthly fashion (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) and lifestyle magazine (/wiki/Lifestyle_magazine) owned by Haemarit Co., Ltd. [2] (#cite_note-trustmark-2) covering topics about entertainment personalities and celebrities. The magazine is mainly read by a younger audience with a range of 18 to 28 years old and is mostly circulated within Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) and nearby areas. [3] (#cite_note-3) The magazine also presents an annual entertainment award called Kazz Awards. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Juristic Name : HAEMARIT COMPANY LIMITED" (https://datawarehouse.dbd.go.th/company/profile/5/0135550002280) . Department of Business Development . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "บริษัท เหมฤทธิ์ Company Limited" (https://www.trustmarkthai.com/callbackData/popup.php?data=226-27-5-bf140a042abcd7ed3881375a52487328c4fdff5fff) . trustmarkthai.com . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About Us" (https://kazz-magazine.com/contact/) . kazz-magazine.com (in Thai). Kazz Magazine . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kazz Awards 2016" (https://www.becworld.com/en/who-we-are/awards-qualifications/other/109/kazz-awards-2016) . becworld.com (in Thai) . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "ปังทุกคน KAZZ Awards 2020 ขวัญใจวัยรุ่นมากันเพียบ แฟชั่นพรมแดงอลังการ" (https://www.sanook.com/news/8238206/) . sanook.com (in Thai). Sanook.com (/wiki/Sanook.com) . 25 August 2020 . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://kazz-magazine.com) [ dead link ] NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐77ccb7d944‐dxgcp Cached time: 20240709154558 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.246 seconds Real time usage: 0.351 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1131/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18828/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2296/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21121/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.151/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5259986/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 329.076 1 -total 33.25% 109.406 1 Template:Reflist 28.86% 94.961 5 Template:Cite_web 24.00% 78.966 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 22.80% 75.033 1 Template:Infobox 20.11% 66.175 1 Template:Short_description 11.60% 38.188 2 Template:Pagetype 8.31% 27.337 1 Template:Dead_link 7.64% 25.126 1 Template:Fix 6.66% 21.920 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65086353-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709154558 and revision id 1107134345. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazz_Magazine&oldid=1107134345 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazz_Magazine&oldid=1107134345) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion magazines (/wiki/Category:Fashion_magazines) Lifestyle magazines (/wiki/Category:Lifestyle_magazines) Magazines published in Thailand (/wiki/Category:Magazines_published_in_Thailand) Monthly magazines (/wiki/Category:Monthly_magazines) Hidden categories: CS1 Thai-language sources (th) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Thai-language_sources_(th)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from August 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2022) Magazines with year of establishment missing (/wiki/Category:Magazines_with_year_of_establishment_missing) |
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐554fdbb9db‐v5s9f Cached time: 20240711232413 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38665984-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711232413 and revision id 972638272. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Fashion events in Mongolia" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . G Goyol Fashion Festival (/wiki/Goyol_Fashion_Festival) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Mongolia&oldid=972638272 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Mongolia&oldid=972638272) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Mongolian fashion (/wiki/Category:Mongolian_fashion) Fashion events by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_by_country) Entertainment events in Mongolia (/wiki/Category:Entertainment_events_in_Mongolia) |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leatherwork (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leatherwork) . Manufacture of finished articles from tanned (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) leather (/wiki/Leather) or rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mfp68 Cached time: 20240721181825 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.046 seconds Real time usage: 0.068 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2449/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 284/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.024/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946199/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 58.610 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 58.610 1 -total 95.34% 55.880 1 Template:Sister_project 92.81% 54.398 1 Template:Side_box 8.22% 4.815 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22063499-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721181825 and revision id 1218316153. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Leatherworking castes (/wiki/Category:Leatherworking_castes) (7 P) L Leatherworkers (/wiki/Category:Leatherworkers) (20 P) Pages in category "Leather crafting" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Leather crafting (/wiki/Leather_crafting) A Al Stohlman Award for Achievement in Leathercraft (/wiki/Al_Stohlman_Award_for_Achievement_in_Leathercraft) Alligator leather (/wiki/Alligator_leather) B Boiled leather (/wiki/Boiled_leather) British Museum leather dressing (/wiki/British_Museum_leather_dressing) Buckstitching (/wiki/Buckstitching) G Glazing jack (/wiki/Glazing_jack) K Kidskin (/wiki/Kidskin) L Leather carving (/wiki/Leather_carving) S Seeder (/wiki/Seeder) Swivel knife (/wiki/Swivel_knife) W Worshipful Company of Curriers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Curriers) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Leather_crafting&oldid=1218316153 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Leather_crafting&oldid=1218316153) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Leather (/wiki/Category:Leather) Crafts (/wiki/Category:Crafts) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) |
Jazz is a perfume for men by Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) introduced in 1988. [1] (#cite_note-The_Glasgow_Herald_-_2_May_1998_-_A_new_fragrance_for_men_that_will_be_sweet_music-1) [2] (#cite_note-The_Age_-_27_September_1988_-_And_all_that_Jazz-2) The black and white packaging and flacon (/wiki/Flacon) were designed to resemble piano keys (/wiki/Piano_key) . [1] (#cite_note-The_Glasgow_Herald_-_2_May_1998_-_A_new_fragrance_for_men_that_will_be_sweet_music-1) [2] (#cite_note-The_Age_-_27_September_1988_-_And_all_that_Jazz-2) A flanker (/wiki/Flanker_(perfume)) Live Jazz was introduced in 1998. [3] (#cite_note-SME_(newspaper)_-_2_June_2008_-_Zomrel_svetoznámy_módny_návrhár_Yves_Saint_Laurent-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Jackie (2 May 1988). "A new fragrance for men that will be sweet music" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1zpAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=U1kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5981,157972&dq=jazz+yves+st+laurent&hl=en) . The Glasgow Herald (/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)) . Newsquest Media Group (/wiki/Newsquest_Media_Group) . Retrieved 18 October 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b "And all that Jazz" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rsRYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=65YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1864,5083850&dq=jazz+yves+st+laurent&hl=en) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Fairfax Media (/wiki/Fairfax_Media) . 27 September 1988 . Retrieved 18 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-SME_(newspaper)_-_2_June_2008_-_Zomrel_svetoznámy_módny_návrhár_Yves_Saint_Laurent_3-0) "Zomrel svetoznámy módny návrhár Yves Saint Laurent" (https://www.sme.sk/c/3905969/zomrel-svetoznamy-modny-navrhar-yves-saint-laurent.html) . SME (/wiki/SME_(newspaper)) . 2 June 2008 . Retrieved 18 February 2015 . External links [ edit ] Jazz (http://www.basenotes.net/products/jazz) at Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) v t e Parfums Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Parfums_Yves_Saint_Laurent) pour femme Y (/w/index.php?title=Y_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1964) Rive Gauche (/wiki/Rive_Gauche_(perfume)) (1971) Eau Libre (/w/index.php?title=Eau_Libre_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1975) Opium (/wiki/Opium_(perfume)) (1977) Paris (/w/index.php?title=Paris_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1983) Yvresse (/w/index.php?title=Yvresse&action=edit&redlink=1) (1993) Baby Doll (/w/index.php?title=Baby_Doll_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1999) Cinéma (/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A9ma_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2004) Elle (/w/index.php?title=Elle_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2007) Parisienne (/wiki/Parisienne_(perfume)) (2009) Belle D'Opium (/wiki/Opium_(perfume)#Belle_d.27Opium) (2011) pour homme YSL pour Homme (/w/index.php?title=YSL_pour_Homme&action=edit&redlink=1) (1971) Eau Libre (/w/index.php?title=Eau_Libre_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1975) Kouros (/wiki/Kouros_(perfume)) (1981) Jazz (1986) Opium pour Homme (/wiki/Opium_(perfume)#Opium_pour_Homme) (1995) Live Jazz (1998) M7 (perfume) (/wiki/M7_(perfume)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐dflrm Cached time: 20240712225832 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.206 seconds Real time usage: 0.245 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 254/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11758/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 78/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21609/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.148/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2983858/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 220.948 1 -total 59.08% 130.540 1 Template:Reflist 48.46% 107.065 3 Template:Cite_news 40.87% 90.295 1 Template:Parfums_Yves_Saint_Laurent 39.01% 86.182 1 Template:Navbox 1.06% 2.334 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40828463-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712225832 and revision id 956413149. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jazz_(perfume)&oldid=956413149 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jazz_(perfume)&oldid=956413149) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Products introduced in 1988 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1988) Yves Saint Laurent (brand) (/wiki/Category:Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) |
1996 fashion collection by Alexander McQueen Look 64, corset made from translucent plastic with real worms embedded within, worn with a red-lined grey jacket and red silk skirt. At the hips, an item of unconventional silver jewellery which creator Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) calls a "stag piece". [a] (#cite_note-Leane-5) [5] (#cite_note-Dezeen-6) The Hunger (Spring/Summer 1996) is the seventh collection by British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . The collection was primarily inspired by The Hunger , a 1983 erotic horror (/wiki/Erotic_horror) film about vampires (/wiki/Vampire) . McQueen had limited financial backing, so the collection was created on a minimal budget. Typically for McQueen in the early stages of his career, the collection centred around sharply tailored garments and emphasised female sexuality. It was his first collection to include menswear. The runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) for The Hunger was staged at London's Natural History Museum (/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London) on 23 October 1995, during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . Like McQueen's previous professional shows, The Hunger was styled with imagery of sexuality, violence, and death, most prominently a corset of translucent plastic with real worms encased within. Models bared their breasts and flashed obscene gestures on the runway, and the show concluded with McQueen mooning the audience. Critical reception to The Hunger was mixed. Some reviewers found it a highlight of a dull season, and while others denigrated McQueen's perceived immaturity as a designer. Some repeated accusations that McQueen's work was misogynist. Retrospective analysis has focused on the cinematic inspiration behind the collection and the gothic imagery of the worm corset. Many of the people who worked on The Hunger with McQueen would go on to become longtime collaborators. Garments from The Hunger appeared in both stagings of the retrospective exhibition Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) . Background [ edit ] British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs, and dramatic fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . [6] (#cite_note-:17-7) [7] (#cite_note-:18-8) During his nearly twenty-year career, he explored a broad range of ideas and themes, including historicism (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) , romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) , femininity, sexuality, and death. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14-9) [6] (#cite_note-:17-7) [7] (#cite_note-:18-8) He began as an apprentice on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , earning a reputation as an expert tailor. [9] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-10) [10] (#cite_note-doig-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) In October 1990, at the age of 21, McQueen began the masters (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) -level course in fashion design at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) (CSM), a London art school. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201570-13) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201424–25,_27-14) McQueen met a number of his future collaborators at CSM, including printmaker Simon Ungless and Sebastian Pons. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014103-15) [15] (#cite_note-:9-16) He also cultivated an interest in outdoing fellow British designer John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , whose work was known for being creative and theatrical. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015224-17) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201584-18) [18] (#cite_note-:02-19) McQueen graduated with his master's in 1992. His degree collection, Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) , was bought in its entirety by magazine editor Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) , who became his mentor and his muse (/wiki/Muse_(person)) . [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-20) [20] (#cite_note-21) McQueen's reputation for shocking runway shows began early; the sexualised clothing and aggressive styling in his first professional show, Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Spring/Summer 1994), was described by The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) as a "horror show". [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003141-22) The follow-up, Banshee (Autumn/Winter 1994), featured a model pretending to put a finger in her vagina on the runway. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015118-23) McQueen's sixth collection, Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (Autumn/Winter 1995), drew accusations of misogyny. The resulting controversy is considered to be the launching point of McQueen's fame and has been credited with leading to his appointment as head designer at French luxury fashion house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) . [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015137–138-24) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElenowitz-Hess2022400-25) [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201010-26) At the beginning of his career, McQueen had no financial backing, so his earliest collections were created on minimal budgets. He purchased whatever cheap fabric or fabric scraps were available. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015123-27) Collaborators often worked for minimal pay or were paid in garments. Some agreed to work for free because they were interested in working with McQueen and knew he could not afford to pay them anyway, while others who had been promised compensation were simply never paid. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015110–111,_147-28) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) Concept and creative process [ edit ] Look 58, a sheer feathered dress, as presented at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London, 2015. Financial backing [ edit ] Following the success of The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Spring/Summer 1995), McQueen had secured some funding from Eo Bocci, an Italian fashion manufacturer. Bocci arranged a distribution deal from Bus Stop, a subsidiary of Japanese apparel firm Onward Kashiyama. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015137–138-24) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285-30) The contract with Bus Stop mandated the inclusion of menswear, a first for McQueen's career. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) Production for the collection was handled by Milanese manufacturer MA Commerciale. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) Fleet Bigwood, a CSM lecturer, contributed to fabric design. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015107,_127-33) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338-34) Despite the financial backing, McQueen was still operating under financial constraints. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015137–138-24) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285-30) As with previous collections, most of McQueen's collaborators on The Hunger worked for little to no pay, believing the exposure and the chance to work with McQueen was valuable in itself. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015147-35) Simon Ungless agreed to a low fee of £500 to design prints. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015147-35) Pons, aware that McQueen was living in poverty, "never asked him for any money", under the assumption that "it was going to pay off in the long term". [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) Inspiration and styling [ edit ] The Hunger is the seventh collection by McQueen for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) , for the Spring/Summer 1996 season. It was inspired by the erotic horror (/wiki/Erotic_horror) films The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(1983_film)) (1983), which featured a love triangle between two vampires (/wiki/Vampire) and a human doctor, and Cat People (1982), in which a young woman discovers she is a seductive werecat (/wiki/Werecat) . [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153-36) As was typical for McQueen, the collection focused on sharp tailoring, experimental materials, and strategically-bared skin. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015154-37) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201120-38) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201235-39) Prior to the show, he stated that his intention was to produce " wearable (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wearable) clothes" that balanced artistic expression with commercial concerns. [39] (#cite_note-:3-40) He told his friend and collaborator Pons that he "wanted to break some rules and do something a bit shocking". [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015145-41) The collection's palette was mainly red, white, and black. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201235-39) McQueen made use of natural materials such as leather and feathers, and incorporated nature-themed prints with designs of leopard spots, thorns, and feathers. [5] (#cite_note-Dezeen-6) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015153–154-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) He also had textile consultant Kim Hassler produce a sweater made of fur from his mother's dog. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Sexuality was front and centre. One of the men's shirts featured a graffiti-style design that referenced the sexual act of fisting (/wiki/Fisting) . [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015154-37) Many garments featured extreme cutouts and slashes, exposing the lining (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) or the model's bare flesh. Menswear and womenswear alike had cuts which exposed breasts and thighs. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201235-39) Depending on the placement, the slashes visually evoked the vulva (/wiki/Vulva) or self-harm (/wiki/Self-harm) by cutting, which McQueen sometimes engaged in. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoschek200955-43) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015155-44) The low-cut bumster (/wiki/Bumsters) trousers for which McQueen had become famous made an appearance in both men's and women's wear. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015154-37) [44] (#cite_note-:1-45) The rest of the menswear primarily comprised short-sleeved button-up dress shirts (/wiki/Dress_shirt) , flat-front trousers (/wiki/Flat-front_pants) , and leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jacket) . [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015154-37) Some elements pointed back at his graduation collection, Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) , including sharply-pointed collars, smears of blood, trimmings that imitated human flesh, and prints of thorns. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015273-46) [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015145–146-47) In The Hunger , the visual motif of spilled blood evoked folklore about vampires drinking and exchanging blood. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015273-46) The most significant piece from the collection is a moulded corset (/wiki/Corset) created from two layers of translucent plastic encasing real worms, juxtaposing sexuality with imagery suggesting decay. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015191-48) The layers were pre-moulded on a fit model (/wiki/Fit_model) , and McQueen assembled the corset with fresh, live worms two hours before the runway show. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015155-44) Runway show [ edit ] Production details [ edit ] The runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) for The Hunger was staged on 23 October 1995 during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338-34) McQueen was assigned the desirable finale slot on the strength of his previous show, Highland Rape . [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338-34) [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201284–85-49) The venue was a tent on the East Lawn at the Natural History Museum of London (/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London) . [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338-34) McQueen had by this time become such a strong draw that some people attempted to gain entry to his shows with photocopied invitations. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201240-50) Attendance for The Hunger was reportedly up 30% compared to the previous season. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201235-39) Despite the financial support from Bocci, the budget for the runway show was reportedly only £600. [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201574-51) In response to criticism of Highland Rape , McQueen uninvited several fashion journalists to The Hunger , and relegated at least one other to an undesirable third-row seat. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) McQueen's mother and his aunt Renee had front row seats. [51] (#cite_note-52) McQueen often worked with friends and acquaintances, and The Hunger was no exception. Icelandic singer Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , then dating McQueen's musician friend Goldie (/wiki/Goldie) , produced the show's soundtrack. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285-30) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156,_161-53) Goldie was recruited to walk in the show, along with other people in McQueen's social circle: Susanne Oberbeck of pop band No Bra (/wiki/No_Bra_(band)) , Jimmy Pursey (/wiki/Jimmy_Pursey) of punk band Sham 69 (/wiki/Sham_69) , and journalist Alix Sharkey. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285-30) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Milliner Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) , another of Blow's protégés, provided headpieces; it was the first of many collaborations. [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015101,_155-54) Many other personnel had worked with McQueen on previous shows. Eugene Souleiman (/wiki/Eugene_Souleiman) and Val Garland (/wiki/Val_Garland) returned to style models' hair and make-up, respectively. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) The runway show for The Hunger was dedicated to McQueen's friend Katy England, who was by then serving as his creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) . [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) Sam Gainsbury, who had served as casting director (/wiki/Casting_director) for The Birds , produced the show. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton201518-55) Jeweller Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) , who had worked on Highland Rape , created accessories for the runway show of The Hunger . [b] (#cite_note-56) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [55] (#cite_note-cwoolton-57) The silver jewellery he made was intended to evoke animality and hunger; Leane later recalled that McQueen had directed him to "create something that kind of creates a little bit of an edge between all the girls". [5] (#cite_note-Dezeen-6) Leane created two major designs for The Hunger . The "Tusk" earring was a long, thin curve of silver worn singly rather than paired. Leane called the second major design the "stag piece", a thorny silver ring which encircled the hips. [5] (#cite_note-Dezeen-6) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [55] (#cite_note-cwoolton-57) Catwalk presentation [ edit ] It’s the ugly things I notice more, because other people tend to ignore the ugly things. McQueen, in an interview with The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) , November 1996 [2] (#cite_note-met-blog-2) The runway for The Hunger was plain white, with no set dressing. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Journalist Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) described the soundtrack as "thumping club music punctuated with monkey howls". [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Makeup was cat-like, with eyebrows drawn up the forehead in exaggerated slashes, and hair was done in styles of the 1980s: mullets (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) and Mohican haircuts (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) . [c] (#cite_note-Hair-60) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) [58] (#cite_note-:0-61) [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201237-62) As with McQueen's previous runway shows, the styling for the models was explicitly sexual; outfits were cut to expose undergarments or breasts. [60] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014104-63) [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201237-62) Models were encouraged once again to display attitude on the runway: many made obscene gestures (/wiki/Obscene_gesture) toward the audience such as the finger (/wiki/The_finger) or V sign (/wiki/V_sign_as_an_insult) . [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003145-64) [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285–86-65) Others flashed their breasts from beneath jackets worn with no shirt. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) The Hunger comprised 95 looks, 28 of which were menswear, mixed in with the womenswear. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) [63] (#cite_note-Vogue-66) Tailored jackets and trousers dominated the first half, while the second half focused on softer dresses and skirts. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Stella Tennant (/wiki/Stella_Tennant) wore Look 22, a white shift (/wiki/Shift_(clothing)) with a print of a leopard on the lower half. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) Looks 32 and 50, a midi-length dress (/wiki/Midi_dress) and a two-piece ensemble, were made from silver mesh and paired with full-face coverings created by Treacy that resembled fencing masks (/wiki/Fencing_mask) . [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015156-42) [63] (#cite_note-Vogue-66) [64] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201021-67) Look 35, a white midi-length dress, had a midsection roughly printed black, with its over-layer slit from breasts to navel; the overall effect has been compared to the vulva. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201287-3) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoschek200955-43) The worm corset appeared as Look 64, styled with a tailored grey jacket and red silk skirt, with a silver hip piece by Shaun Leane worn over the skirt. [a] (#cite_note-Leane-5) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015152-4) [63] (#cite_note-Vogue-66) At the end of the show, McQueen mooned (/wiki/Mooning) the audience, which he later explained as a gesture of frustration with the high expectations and limited support given to him by the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) and the press. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) Reception [ edit ] The runway show for The Hunger was not well-received by industry personnel, especially in comparison to the success of Highland Rape , which had made McQueen's name as a designer. [65] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015137–138,_146-68) [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014128-69) Richard Benson, former editor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) magazine, recalled the audience being unimpressed: "I distinctly remember the lights coming up at the end [...] and seeing fashion editors shaking their heads and tutting their disapproval". [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201240-50) Few people came backstage to see McQueen, who was distraught over the reaction and assumed his career in fashion was over. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) Fashion editor Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) went backstage to assure him that it was not. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) Sales numbers bore this out. By the next day, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) ( WWD ) was reporting that "McQueen claimed to have already taken orders worth US (/wiki/United_States_dollar) $1.1 million" (approximately £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 700,000). [39] (#cite_note-:3-40) In her 2015 biography of McQueen, Gods and Kings (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) , journalist Dana Thomas reports that retail orders totalled £400,000 (approximately $630,000). [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015157-70) Author Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) summarised the contemporary reception for the collection as "far from kind". [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015146-32) Many journalists were divided between personal praise for McQueen and disappointment in the results. [68] (#cite_note-:7-71) [69] (#cite_note-:8-72) [70] (#cite_note-:5-73) Colin McDowell (/wiki/Colin_McDowell) at The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) praised McQueen's "wit and awareness", saying that he understood the rebelliousness of "new femininity", but felt the actual clothing was an "ill-thought-out mess" and said McQueen would need more time to develop his vision into reality. [68] (#cite_note-:7-71) Iain R. Webb (/wiki/Iain_R._Webb) of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) was similarly split; he thought McQueen "extremely clever" and possessed of "unique cutting skills", but was too deep in his "angry young man" persona. [69] (#cite_note-:8-72) Sally Brampton at The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) felt the tailoring in The Hunger was an improvement over McQueen's previous two seasons, but wrote that he still needed to "curb some of his more childish tantrums" to be truly great. [70] (#cite_note-:5-73) In The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Hilary Alexander (/wiki/Hilary_Alexander) called McQueen's tailoring "as precise as it was forward-looking". She complained of the amount of bared flesh models showed and said that McQueen "should not have bothered" mooning the audience, calling him a "pale, slightly chunky boy". [71] (#cite_note-:2-74) [72] (#cite_note-75) Despite their disappointment, some reviewers felt The Hunger was a bright spot in an underwhelming London Fashion Week. [39] (#cite_note-:3-40) [70] (#cite_note-:5-73) Both WWD and Amy Spindler (/wiki/Amy_Spindler) of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) felt that McQueen was one of only a few designers who had shown interesting collections. [39] (#cite_note-:3-40) [73] (#cite_note-:6-76) Brampton called the rest of the shows "bleak" compared to McQueen's. [70] (#cite_note-:5-73) McDowell excoriated the season for lacking creativity, holding up McQueen as "spearheading the originality of thought" he felt British fashion needed. [68] (#cite_note-:7-71) In a Sunday Telegraph review of the season's designs, Alexander was broadly critical, asking whether any of the young designers, including McQueen, were really producing fashion at all. [71] (#cite_note-:2-74) Webb felt all the designers were trying too hard, and wished The Hunger "didn't hurt so much to watch". [69] (#cite_note-:8-72) Critics praised some aspects of the show, most prominently the collection's throwbacks to punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) of the 1980s: hair styled in spikes or Mohican haircuts (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) , bare breasts on women, and earrings worn as singles rather than in pairs. [c] (#cite_note-Hair-60) [58] (#cite_note-:0-61) [74] (#cite_note-:4-77) Jane de Teliga at The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) noted that punk revival appeared have "now become a tradition in English shows". [74] (#cite_note-:4-77) Luella Bartley (/wiki/Luella_Bartley) from the Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) called the collection " neoteric (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neoteric) punk that looked razor sharp instead of Johnny Rotten (/wiki/Johnny_Rotten) ". [58] (#cite_note-:0-61) Writing in the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) , Menkes highlighted McQueen's modernist use of lace – "laminated with car paint or sliced into abstract body-patterns". [75] (#cite_note-78) Spindler felt McQueen had drawn on his Savile Row tailoring to produce "the kinkiest, most fetishistic clothes on any runway". [73] (#cite_note-:6-76) Some felt the collection showed McQueen's personal growth. Evening Standard journalist Alison Veness and the staff at WWD each found the collection more mature than Highland Rape . [39] (#cite_note-:3-40) [44] (#cite_note-:1-45) Veness felt that a younger McQueen would have covered the designs in blood to make his point, but in The Hunger , he had only "hinted at something nasty", demonstrating a newfound restraint. [44] (#cite_note-:1-45) The staff writer at the Vancouver Sun (/wiki/Vancouver_Sun) suggested that McQueen was "stepping into the shoes of John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) ". [76] (#cite_note-79) There is no clear retrospective consensus on The Hunger . In her biography of McQueen, Judith Watt called it McQueen's first commercially-viable collection, but felt that it failed to balance artistic and commercial concerns, making it one of his weaker efforts. [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201285–86-65) In Gods and Kings , Thomas described it as the "most commercial and accomplished" collection of McQueen's career to that point, but argues that the media was "getting tired of McQueen's bad boy antics". [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015157-70) Analysis [ edit ] Chloe Fox, in her book Vogue On: Alexander McQueen , connected The Hunger with McQueen's follow-up collection Dante (Autumn/Winter 1996). She saw them as examples of the kind of "fantastic and sinister visual worlds", full of sexuality and death, which McQueen created in his early career. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201240-50) Rebecca Arnold, analysing the interplay of sexuality and brutality in fashion for Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) , highlighted McQueen's early work as an example of this aesthetic. Of The Hunger , she felt that the models in their moulded bodices "seemed vampish, and contemptuous of the attention they attracted". She called this brutal aesthetic a "form of resistance" to mainstream fashion's reliance on unrealistic images of healthy, beautiful people. [77] (#cite_note-80) Fashion historian Alistair O'Neill discussed The Hunger in an essay that analysed McQueen's reliance on film for inspiration. The Hunger , he felt, showcased McQueen's ability to translate tropes and themes from cinema into fashion, serving as "part commentary, part intervention". [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015273-46) McQueen drew on another vampire film (/wiki/Vampire_film) , Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), for his untitled Autumn/Winter 2006 menswear collection. [78] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015143-81) The violent, sexualised styling McQueen deployed in his early career often resulted in the press accusing him of misogyny (/wiki/Misogyny) , and The Hunger was no exception. [83] (#cite_note-86) McQueen consistently objected to this characterisation. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElenowitz-Hess2022400-25) [79] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201276-82) In an April 1995 interview following Highland Rape , he had said that he designed with his lesbian friends in mind, and was not attempting to appeal to most straight women. [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003145-64) Responding to press accusations that the designs in The Hunger were misogynist, McQueen rebutted that most of the female models who walked in the show were lesbians. [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003145-64) Worm corset [ edit ] Cadaver monument (/wiki/Cadaver_monument) depicting a man being eaten by worms, 16th century, in Boussu (/wiki/Boussu) , Belgium Much analytical attention has been given to the worm corset, and how it juxtaposes the desirable with the undesirable. Fashion theorist Caroline Evans analysed it as an example of how McQueen's runway models were "armoured through glamour". [84] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003237-87) On the runway, the corset was styled with a tailored jacket whose shoulders and lapels were "drawn back like a surgical incision" to reveal the model's nude torso beneath. [84] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003237-87) Evans found a visual resemblance to transi (/wiki/Transi) , or cadaver monuments, a form of tomb effigy (/wiki/Tomb_effigy) which depicts a decayed corpse, but argued that the model's "aggressive vitality [...] asserts the right of the living to commandeer the iconography of the dead", which to her "suggests a robust defiance". [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003240-1) She quotes Peter Stallybrass and Allon White to argue that image of the worm corset on the model produces "an image in which 'disgust ... bears the imprint of desire ' ". [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003240-1) Similarly, author Ana Finel Honigman wrote that the corset turned "shock into enticement". [85] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigman2021118-88) In an analysis of McQueen's Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fiction) leanings, Catherine Spooner pointed to the worm corset as one of his "most inherently Gothic garments". [86] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151-89) For her, the worms referenced Gothic themes of death, decay, and, with "their similarity to leeches, the vampires with which the collection was associated". [86] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151-89) She viewed the ensemble through the lens of the "abject", developed by cultural critic Julia Kristeva (/wiki/Julia_Kristeva) : the revulsion experienced during encounters with anything which "does not respect borders, positions, rules". [86] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151-89) Spooner felt that the corset played with bodily boundaries by framing the worms as both within and outside the body. Additionally, the tailored jacket and structured corset contrast with the random placement of the worms, juxtaposing "structure countered with chaos, [and] beauty with horror". [86] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151-89) Sociologist Henrique Grimaldi Figueredo refers to Spooner in his analysis of McQueen's runway shows, agreeing that the worm corset exemplified the abject as an "allusion of addlement of bodies". [87] (#cite_note-90) Legacy [ edit ] Many people who began working with McQueen on The Hunger became regular collaborators. Sam Gainsbury went on to produce all of McQueen's runway shows with her partner Anna Whiting. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) Pons went to work for McQueen at Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) upon graduating from CSM in 1997, then transitioned to McQueen's own label, where he worked until 2000. [15] (#cite_note-:9-16) Both Sean Leane and Philip Treacy worked regularly with McQueen until his death in 2010. [88] (#cite_note-sroyce-91) [89] (#cite_note-92) For McQueen's Autumn/Winter 2006 collection The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) , Leane and Treacy collaborated on a jewelled headpiece adorned with bird wings. [90] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason2012148-93) [91] (#cite_note-VA-Nest-94) The Tusk earring design Leane created for The Hunger became a brand signature for his jewellery house. [88] (#cite_note-sroyce-91) During the period in which their careers overlapped, fashion journalists continued to compare McQueen and Galliano, sometimes referring to them as rivals. [92] (#cite_note-:03-95) [93] (#cite_note-96) [94] (#cite_note-97) After the show, McQueen admitted to Ungless that he never had the money to pay him, but gave him a £1000 gift certificate (/wiki/Gift_certificate) to London boutique Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) . [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015147-35) When Ungless attempted to use the certificate, staff advised him that it was stolen. Ungless, angry at the deception, told them McQueen had given it to him. McQueen felt that Ungless had damaged his reputation by doing so, and was irate. The two made up; Ungless told Wilson that they "started laughing about it" afterward. [95] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015148-98) McQueen returned to concepts developed for The Hunger throughout his career. The moulded bodice reappeared in many collections for his own label and for Givenchy. [96] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015191–192-99) For the Givenchy haute couture Spring/Summer 1998 season, he showed a clear bodice filled with butterflies, which Caroline Evans likened to the worm corset from The Hunger . [97] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2015192-100) According to Kristin Knox, the full-face fencing mask displayed in Look 32 "came to be regarded as one of his trademarks" after similar styles appeared in later collections. [63] (#cite_note-Vogue-66) [64] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201021-67) McQueen's collaborator Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Buxton) , who became creative director of the label following his death, referenced the vertically-slashed chest of Look 35 in her final collection for the brand, for Spring/Summer 2024. She opened the runway show with a short corseted black dress, the chest slash unadorned. The slash appeared again in Look 37, embellished with gold embroidery. In her review for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Sarah Mower likened this version to a religious artefact and called it "almost a holy celebration of the ultimate creative power of the female body". [98] (#cite_note-101) The worm corset and a Tusk earring by Shaun Leane appeared in both stagings of the retrospective exhibition Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) , at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City in 2011 and at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London in 2015. [99] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011234–235-102) Look 58, a feathered sheer dress, was added for the second staging, which included 66 items that did not appear in the original. [63] (#cite_note-Vogue-66) [100] (#cite_note-103) Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Other sources refer to the hip pieces from this collection with a variety of names. Caroline Evans called it a "brooch worn at the groin". [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003240-1) The Met website described it as "antlers". [2] (#cite_note-met-blog-2) Judith Watt called it "handcuffs". [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201287-3) Catherine Spooner called it a "stirrup". [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015152-4) ^ (#cite_ref-56) Kate Bethune's Encyclopedia of Collections incorrectly reports The Hunger as McQueen's first collaboration with Leane. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-31) ^ Jump up to: a b " Mohican haircut (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) " is the British term for a haircut usually referred to as a "Mohawk haircut" in American English (/wiki/American_English) . [56] (#cite_note-58) [57] (#cite_note-59) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Evans 2003 (#CITEREFEvans2003) , p. 240. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ensemble, (https://blog.metmuseum.org/alexandermcqueen/ensemble-the-hunger/) The Hunger , spring/summer 1996" (https://blog.metmuseum.org/alexandermcqueen/ensemble-the-hunger/) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231105211553/https://blog.metmuseum.org/alexandermcqueen/ensemble-the-hunger/) from the original on 5 November 2023 . Retrieved 5 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 87. ^ Jump up to: a b Spooner 2015 (#CITEREFSpooner2015) , p. 152. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Howarth, Dan (7 August 2015). "Shaun Leane speaks about his work with Alexander McQueen" (https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/07/shaun-leane-exclusive-interview-alexander-mcqueen-fashion-jewellery-corsets/) . Dezeen (/wiki/Dezeen) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231114183035/https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/07/shaun-leane-exclusive-interview-alexander-mcqueen-fashion-jewellery-corsets/) from the original on 14 November 2023 . Retrieved 14 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . 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"Celebrating the opening of (https://wwd.com/feature/celebrating-the-opening-of-alexander-mcqueen-savage-beauty-10095219/) Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty " (https://wwd.com/feature/celebrating-the-opening-of-alexander-mcqueen-savage-beauty-10095219/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231105225128/https://wwd.com/feature/celebrating-the-opening-of-alexander-mcqueen-savage-beauty-10095219/) from the original on 5 November 2023 . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . Bibliography [ edit ] Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) (2011). Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty . New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58839-412-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 687693871 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/687693871) . Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . Introduction. In Bolton (2011) (#CITEREFBolton2011) , pp. 17–27. Breward, Christopher (2003). Fashion . Oxford: Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-158773-3 . Callahan, Maureen (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) (2014). Champagne Supernovas: Kate Moss, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, and the '90s Renegades Who Remade Fashion . New York City: Touchstone Books (/wiki/Touchstone_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-4053-3 . Elenowitz-Hess, Caroline (16 April 2022). "Reckoning with Highland Rape: Sexuality, Violence, and Power on the Runway". Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) . 26 (3): 399–417. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/1362704X.2020.1846325 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1362704X.2020.1846325) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 229432510 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229432510) . Evans, Caroline (2003). Fashion at the Edge: Spectacle, Modernity and Deathliness . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-10192-8 . Fairer, Robert (/wiki/Robert_Fairer) ; Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) (2016). Alexander McQueen: Unseen . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-22267-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 946216643 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946216643) . Fox, Chloe (2012). Vogue On: Alexander McQueen . Vogue on Designers. London: Quadrille Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1849491136 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 828766756 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828766756) . Gleason, Katherine (2012). Alexander McQueen: Evolution . New York City: Race Point Publishing (/wiki/Race_Point_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61058-837-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 783147416 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783147416) . Honigman, Ana Finel (2021). What Alexander McQueen Can Teach You About Fashion . London: Frances Lincoln (/wiki/Frances_Lincoln) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7112-5906-5 . Knox, Kristin (2010). Alexander McQueen: Genius of a Generation . London: A&C Black (/wiki/A%26C_Black) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4081-3223-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 794296806 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794296806) . Loschek, Ingrid (2009). When Clothes Become Fashion: Design and Innovation Systems . Oxford: Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/9781847883681 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F9781847883681) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85785-144-4 . Retrieved 5 January 2023 . Thomas, Dana (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) (2015). Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York City: Penguin Publishing (/wiki/Penguin_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 951153602 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951153602) . Watt, Judith (2012). Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy . New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Wilcox, Claire, ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) . "In Search of the Sublime". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 15–21. Evans, Caroline. "Modelling McQueen: Hard Grace". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 189–202. Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . "The Early Years". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 69–79. O'Neill, Alistair. "The Shining and Chic". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 261–280. Spooner, Catherine. "A Gothic Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 141–158. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1310585849 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310585849) . v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐hlns4 Cached time: 20240722041314 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.979 seconds Real time usage: 1.097 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11853/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 179434/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 16598/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 273006/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.587/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7166647/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 953.081 1 -total 32.83% 312.886 136 Template:Sfn 32.17% 306.582 2 Template:Reflist 16.57% 157.945 21 Template:Cite_web 8.14% 77.556 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 8.05% 76.765 2 Template:Navbox 7.66% 73.023 15 Template:Cite_news 6.80% 64.768 1 Template:Short_description 6.49% 61.823 5 Template:Efn 6.35% 60.513 145 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75113535-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722041314 and revision id 1235962070. 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A monthly men's magazine in Denmark Euroman Categories Men's magazine Frequency Monthly Publisher Egmont Publishing AS Founder Morten and Peter Linck Founded 1992 ; 32 years ago ( 1992 ) Company Egmont Country Denmark Based in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) Language Danish (/wiki/Danish_language) Website Euroman ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0906-9690 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0906-9690) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 769809626 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/769809626) Euroman is a monthly men's lifestyle and fashion magazine headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark (/wiki/Copenhagen,_Denmark) . Its subtitle is the Only Original Magazine for Danish Men . History and profile [ edit ] Euroman was established in 1992. [1] (#cite_note-hjo-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The founders are Morten and Peter Linck. [1] (#cite_note-hjo-1) Later they started another magazine, Eurowoman (/w/index.php?title=Eurowoman&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-hjo-1) The founding company was Euroman Publications A/S which was acquired by the Egmont Publishing A/S (/wiki/Egmont_Publishing) in 2000. [3] (#cite_note-dens-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Therefore, both Euroman and Eurowoman became part of the Egmont Publishing A/S. [5] (#cite_note-5) The company is owner and publisher of the magazine. [6] (#cite_note-pub-6) Euroman was started as a quarterly magazine and became a monthly title in 1996. [3] (#cite_note-dens-3) Its headquarters is in Copenhagen. [6] (#cite_note-pub-6) The publisher describes the target audience of Euroman as "modern and quality conscious men." The magazine targets men aged between 20 and 39 who have a high level education and above average income, [7] (#cite_note-7) and covers articles on lifestyle and fashion of men. [6] (#cite_note-pub-6) It also features interviews with famous men and celebrities. [8] (#cite_note-8) Kasper Steenbach served as the editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) of Euroman until August 2015 when he resigned from the post. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2012, the magazine received the print merit award by the Society of Publication Designers. [10] (#cite_note-10) In February 2007, the circulation of Euroman was 23,240 copies. [11] (#cite_note-11) The magazine sold 25,900 copies in 2010. [3] (#cite_note-dens-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Anders Hjort (19 December 2012). "Manden bag Dagen går konkurs med trecifret milliongæld" (http://politiken.dk/kultur/medier/ECE1847919/manden-bag-dagen-gaar-konkurs-med-trecifret-milliongaeld/) . Politiken (/wiki/Politiken) (in Danish) . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Anders Hjort (17 August 2012). "Svaervaegter i dansk" (http://politiken.dk/kultur/medier/ECE1723269/svaervaegter-i-dansk-medieverden-traekker-stikket/) . Politiken . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Jørn Busch Olsen (14 January 2011). "Euroman" (https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Euroman) . Den Store Danske Encyklopædi (/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di) (in Danish). ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ugeblad-anekdoter" (http://www.journalistveteraner.dk/uge/) . Journalisternes Veteranklub (in Danish) . Retrieved 27 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jørgen Steen Nielsen (7 December 2002). "Dagens mand" (https://www.information.dk/2002/12/dagens-mand) . Dagbladet Information (/wiki/Dagbladet_Information) (in Danish) . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Euroman (Denmark)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170113012901/http://www.publicitas.com/spain/media-solutions/factsheet/mediadata/euroman-denmark/?PARAM1=ECDEC1#.VynY_BWLQxc) . Publicitas . Archived from the original (http://www.publicitas.com/spain/media-solutions/factsheet/mediadata/euroman-denmark/?PARAM1=ECDEC1#.VynY_BWLQxc) on 13 January 2017 . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Euroman (Print)" (http://www.internationalmediasales.net/international/portfolio/detail/euroman/) . G+J . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Christian Lindharth (2014). "Who says print is dead" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170113014329/http://cmddreamdiscoverdo.hu.nl/wp-content/uploads/Documentation-Report-2.0.pdf) (PDF) . CMD . Archived from the original (http://cmddreamdiscoverdo.hu.nl/wp-content/uploads/Documentation-Report-2.0.pdf) (PDF) on 13 January 2017 . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Philip Tees (18 August 2015). "Danish publishing giant outsourcing parts of production to Vietnam" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150818120917/https://cphpost.dk/news/business/danish-publishing-giant-outsourcing-parts-of-production-to-vietnam.html) . CPH Post Online . Archived from the original (http://cphpost.dk/news/business/danish-publishing-giant-outsourcing-parts-of-production-to-vietnam.html) on 18 August 2015 . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Two Egmont-magazines receives the prestigious SPD Merit Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141108125938/https://www.egmont.com/Press/news-and-press-releases/Two-Egmont-magazines-receives-the-prestigious-SPD-Merit-Awards/#.VyneghWLQxc) . Egmont Publishing . 29 March 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.egmont.com/Press/news-and-press-releases/Two-Egmont-magazines-receives-the-prestigious-SPD-Merit-Awards/#.VyneghWLQxc) on 8 November 2014 . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "List of represented titles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150505210435/http://www.publicitas.com/fileadmin/uploads/common/Vertretungsliste_15.09.2008.pdf) (PDF) . Publicitas International AG . 15 September 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.publicitas.com/fileadmin/uploads/common/Vertretungsliste_15.09.2008.pdf) (PDF) on 5 May 2015 . Retrieved 4 May 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.euroman.dk/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐77858c7c7c‐jzr74 Cached time: 20240701133952 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.367 seconds Real time usage: 0.650 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1376/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27221/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1306/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43780/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5775029/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 627.514 1 -total 46.64% 292.673 1 Template:Reflist 22.35% 140.265 1 Template:Short_description 21.99% 137.969 5 Template:Cite_news 15.50% 97.237 1 Template:Infobox_Magazine 14.40% 90.384 1 Template:Infobox 12.13% 76.123 6 Template:Main_other 11.67% 73.242 1 Template:SDcat 8.11% 50.914 2 Template:Pagetype 7.43% 46.609 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50420195-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701133952 and revision id 1192023970. 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Dress worn by Princess Victoria Mary of Teck at her wedding to Prince George in 1893 Wedding dress of Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Artist Linton & Curtis Arthur Silver Year 1893 ( 1893 ) The wedding dress of Princess Victoria Mary of Teck is the gown worn by the future Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) at her wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_George_and_Princess_Victoria_Mary) to Prince George, Duke of York ( King George V (/wiki/King_George_V) from 1910 to 1936) on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace (/wiki/St._James%27s_Palace) , in London. The dress now belongs to the British Royal Collection (/wiki/Royal_Collection) and is part of a collection of royal wedding dresses at Kensington Palace (/wiki/Kensington_Palace) in London. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-ngowen-2) Background [ edit ] Princess Victoria Mary of Teck at her wedding to Prince George, Duke of York In 1891, the bride's mother, the Duchess of Teck (/wiki/Princess_Mary_Adelaide_of_Cambridge) , had declared that her daughter's wedding dress and those of her bridesmaids would be manufactured entirely in Britain. This was likely because the Duchess was president of the Ladies' National Silk Association. [3] (#cite_note-BT-3) [4] (#cite_note-Turner1980-4) Upon the announcement of the engagement of Princess May (as she was usually known) to Prince George, Duke of York (/wiki/George_V) in the spring of 1893, Arthur Silver (of the Silver Studio (/wiki/Silver_Studio) ), was approached to design the gown. Silver had designed the dress for Princess May's intended wedding to George's older brother, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale) , in 1892. This 'Lily of the Valley' creation had been made public just days before the Duke of Clarence's untimely death in January 1892 but had to be completely abandoned. [5] (#cite_note-The_Illustrated_American-5) The design chosen for the York-Teck wedding was 'The May Silks'; the dress would feature embroidery of the emblems of a rose (/wiki/Rose) , shamrock (/wiki/Shamrock) and thistle (/wiki/Thistle) , and be trimmed with the traditional orange blossom and true lovers knots. [3] (#cite_note-BT-3) Silver, renowned for his Art Nouveau designs, was also said to be much influenced by Japanese art in his design. [4] (#cite_note-Turner1980-4) In March 1893, the Duchess and Princess visited the Warner & Sons' factory at Hollybush Gardens in Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) , [6] (#cite_note-6) London (/wiki/London) and commissioned them to make the finest white silk with silver thread by Albert Parchment in time for the July wedding. [3] (#cite_note-BT-3) Design [ edit ] Painting by Laurits Tuxen (/wiki/Laurits_Tuxen) The dress itself was put together by Linton and Curtis of Albemarle Street (/wiki/Albemarle_Street) . [7] (#cite_note-Staniland1997-7) The front of the dress was made of white satin, featuring three small flounces old Honiton lace (/wiki/Honiton_lace) which had been used on the wedding dress of her mother. [8] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-8) The bodice, cut at the throat, [9] (#cite_note-A_memoir_of_her_royal_highness-9) was long and pointed and was made of Silver's white and silver brocade, [10] (#cite_note-Artifex:_revista_de_estética-10) also featuring a small amount of her mother's Honiton lace near the top and on the upper part of the sleeve. The rich satin manteau de cour (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) fell from her shoulders. [9] (#cite_note-A_memoir_of_her_royal_highness-9) The train was long and plain (although The Times reported there was none [11] (#cite_note-Times-11) ) and the veil of her mother's which she wore was also made of Honiton lace, fastened by diamond pins given as a gift from Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Matching the orange blossom elements to the dress, small wreaths were placed around the bust and on the hair. [8] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-8) Princess Mary completed the wedding outfit with a diamond tiara (/wiki/Tiara) from Queen Victoria; a diamond rivière necklace from the Prince and Princess of Wales and diamond earrings and anchor brooch, a wedding gift from Prince George. [13] (#cite_note-13) Out of all of the wedding toilette, the veil was reportedly the only piece that was not worn again after the wedding. [14] (#cite_note-MarieFlaherty1992-14) "It is to the strains of the Bridal march from Lohengrin that Princess Mary enters. the observed of all observers in the most literal sense. With downcast eyes and a flush on her cheeks she looks exquisitely pretty. Her dress of silver and white brocade with its ingeniously clustered shamrocks, roses and thistles is at once simple and elegant. There is no train, or at all events, none that hampers the bride's movement, while a plain court bodice shows off her finely-moulded figure to perfection. The bridal veil of fine old Honiton point is caught back off the face, and trails and clusters of orange blossoms, together with the inevitable bouquet of white flowers carried in her hand, complete the salient points of the bride's appearance." Observation of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , 8 July 1893. [11] (#cite_note-Times-11) The official painters of the royal wedding were Heinrich von Angeli (/wiki/Heinrich_von_Angeli) , Laurits Tuxen (/wiki/Laurits_Tuxen) , and Luke Fildes (/wiki/Luke_Fildes) . [15] (#cite_note-Rooney2003-15) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Historic Royal Palaces feature" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110705084032/http://www.hrp.org.uk/MediaPlayer/ViewPlaylist.aspx?PlaylistId=125) . Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from the original (http://www.hrp.org.uk/MediaPlayer/ViewPlaylist.aspx?PlaylistId=125) on 5 July 2011 . Retrieved 12 July 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-ngowen_2-0) Owen, James (28 April 2011). "Pictures: Royal Wedding Dresses, and What They Meant" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110501063950/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/pictures/110428-royal-wedding-dress-kate-middleton-prince-william-gown-designed#/royal-wedding-dresses-princess-mary-teck_35160_600x450.jpg) . National Geographic . Archived from the original (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/pictures/110428-royal-wedding-dress-kate-middleton-prince-william-gown-designed/#/royal-wedding-dresses-princess-mary-teck_35160_600x450.jpg) on 1 May 2011 . Retrieved 12 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Queen Mary's Wedding Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110723140647/http://www.braintree.gov.uk/Braintree/leisure-culture/BDMS/WarnersTA/ResearchW/Queen+Mary+Wedding+Dress.htm) . Braintree District Council. Archived from the original (https://www.braintree.gov.uk/Braintree/leisure-culture/BDMS/WarnersTA/ResearchW/Queen+Mary+Wedding+Dress.htm) on 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Mark (1980). Silver Studio Collection: a London design studio, 1880-1963 ; foreword by John Brandon-Jones ; introd. by Mark Turner ; with a contribution by William Ruddick . Lund Humphries, in association with Middlessex Polytechnic. p. 17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780853314318 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Illustrated_American_5-0) The Illustrated American . Illustrated American Pub. Co. 1892 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) " What the Royal Mary wore (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xV1SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EDcNAAAAIBAJ&dq=mary%20of%20teck%20dress&pg=1875%2C4897874) [ permanent dead link ] ", The News and Courier (excerpted from the Philadelphia Evening Telegraph ), 9 July 1983. ^ (#cite_ref-Staniland1997_7-0) Staniland, Kay (May 1997). In royal fashion: the clothes of Princess Charlotte of Wales & Queen Victoria 1796–1901 . Museum of London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780904818550 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Royal Wedding Dresses throughout history" (https://www.royal.uk/wedding-dresses) . The Royal Family. 11 May 2018 . Retrieved 9 October 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b A memoir of her royal highness . 1900 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Artifex:_revista_de_estética_10-0) Artifex: revista de estética . Montecinos editor. 1970 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , 8 July 1893; pg. 12; Issue 33998; col A ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hardy, Jeff. "Princess Victoria: Mary of Teck" (https://whenfreddiemetlilly.com.au/collections/two-pieces) . Two Piece Wedding Dress . Retrieved 2 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Flae, Peter. "Princess Victoria: Mary of Teck" (https://whenfreddiemetlilly.com.au/collections/shop-all) . Wedding Bridal Brisbane . Retrieved 1 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-MarieFlaherty1992_14-0) Marie, Satenig S. St.; Flaherty, Carolyn (26 February 1992). Romantic Victorian weddings, then & now . Dutton Studio Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-525-93307-6 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rooney2003_15-0) Rooney, Brendan (2003). The life and work of Harry Jones Thaddeus, 1859-1929 . Four Courts. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85182-692-6 . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . External links [ edit ] BBC audio slideshow featuring her wedding dress (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13207649) (outdated) v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) (2020) v t e Mary of Teck (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) Queen consort of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Queen_consort_of_the_United_Kingdom) and the British Dominions (/wiki/Dominion#Dominions) , Empress consort of India (/wiki/Empress_consort_of_India) (1910–1936) Family 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French multinational corporation EssilorLuxottica S.A. Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Euronext Paris (/wiki/Euronext_Paris) : EL (https://euronext.com/products/equities/FR0000121667-XPAR) CAC 40 (/wiki/CAC_40) component Euro Stoxx 50 (/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50) component ISIN (/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number) FR0000121667 (https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=FR0000121667) Industry Eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) Eye care (/wiki/Eye_care) Predecessors Essilor (/wiki/Essilor) Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) Founded 1 October 2018 ; 5 years ago ( 2018-10-01 ) Headquarters Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) Number of locations 17,589 stores (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Key people Francesco Milleri (/wiki/Francesco_Milleri) ( Chairman and CEO (/wiki/Chairman_and_CEO) ) Products Ophthalmic lenses (/wiki/Corrective_lens) , optical equipment, prescription glasses (/wiki/Eyeglass_prescription) and sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Brands Crizal (/wiki/Crizal) LensCrafters (/wiki/LensCrafters) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) Oliver Peoples (/wiki/Oliver_Peoples) Persol (/wiki/Persol) Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) Sunglass Hut (/wiki/Sunglass_Hut) Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) Transitions Optical (/wiki/Transitions_Optical) Varilux (/wiki/Varilux) Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 25.39 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Operating income (/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes) €3.176 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) €2.426 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) €60.52 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Total equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) €38.89 billion (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Owner Delfin S.a.r.l. (/w/index.php?title=Delfin_S.a.r.l.&action=edit&redlink=1) [ lb (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delfin_(Holding)) ] (32%) [2] (#cite_note-2) Number of employees 191,706 (2023) [1] (#cite_note-AR23-1) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Essilor (/wiki/Essilor) Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) Website essilorluxottica (http://essilorluxottica.com) .com (http://essilorluxottica.com) EssilorLuxottica's former logo used from 2018 to 2022 EssilorLuxottica SA (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) is an Italian-French vertically integrated (/wiki/Vertical_integration) multinational corporation (/wiki/Multinational_corporation) based in Paris and founded on 1 October 2018 from the merger of the Italian (/wiki/Italy) Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) with the French (/wiki/France) Essilor (/wiki/Essilor) . The eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) -focused group designs, produces and markets ophthalmic lenses (/wiki/Corrective_lens) , optical equipment, prescription glasses (/wiki/Eyeglass_prescription) and sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) . EssilorLuxottica's merger agreement was that Essilor would acquire Luxottica, but Luxottica's leadership would gain seats in leadership and on the board of directors, including Luxottica founder Leonardo Del Vecchio (/wiki/Leonardo_Del_Vecchio) becoming executive chairman. After a public feud between the previous companies' leadership, Del Vecchio was able to win the backing of shareholders and ousted Essilor CEO Hubert Sagnières (/wiki/Hubert_Sagni%C3%A8res) from the company, appointing his choice of Francesco Milleri (/wiki/Francesco_Milleri) as the new CEO. Upon the merger, the company became the largest player in the eyewear industry, with Essilor contributing numerous proprietary lens technologies as well as the brands Foster Grant (/wiki/Foster_Grant) and Costa Del Mar (/wiki/Costa_Del_Mar) . For its part, Luxottica gave the company ownership over numerous eyewear brands including Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) , Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) , Persol (/wiki/Persol) , Oliver Peoples (/wiki/Oliver_Peoples) , and Vogue Eyewear; eyewear retailers LensCrafters (/wiki/LensCrafters) , Pearle Vision (/wiki/Pearle_Vision) , and Sunglass Hut (/wiki/Sunglass_Hut) , eyewear insurance company EyeMed, and exclusive eyewear licensing deals to numerous fashion houses including Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors_(brand)) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch_LLC) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The company is listed on the Euronext Paris (/wiki/Euronext_Paris) stock exchange under the trading symbol "EL" and is part of the CAC 40 (/wiki/CAC_40) share index which includes the 40 largest capitalized companies traded on the Paris Stock Exchange (/wiki/Paris_Stock_Exchange) and the Euro Stoxx 50 (/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50) which includes the 50 largest companies in the Eurozone (/wiki/Eurozone) . According to Statista (/wiki/Statista) , in 2022, the company made €24.49 billion in revenue. [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] For the histories of the two companies prior to the merger, see Essilor § History (/wiki/Essilor#History) , and Luxottica § History (/wiki/Luxottica#History) . Merger of Essilor and Luxottica [ edit ] In January 2017, Essilor and Luxottica announced the merger of their activities. After having received the necessary authorizations from the competition authorities of the United States, the European Union, Brazil, Canada and China, EssilorLuxottica was created on 1 October 2018. [5] (#cite_note-5) On a technical level, Essilor acquired Luxottica, though Luxottica founder and executive chairman Leonardo Del Vecchio (/wiki/Leonardo_Del_Vecchio) became co-leader of the new conglomerate, which would change its name to contain both companies. Luxottica proceeded to delist its American depositary receipts (/wiki/American_depositary_receipt) from the New York Stock Exchange (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) upon announcement of the merger. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Del Vecchio's holding company, Delfin, then held 62.42% of Luxottica, a share that it contributed to EssilorLuxotica. Delfin also became a plurality shareholder of the new group with 38.9% of the capital. [11] (#cite_note-11) This merger gives birth to a giant of the optical industry, generating a turnover of more than €16 billion and a market capitalization of €57 billion. [12] (#cite_note-12) The merger did not occur without controversy from anti-trust researchers, however, and Turkish authorities, accusing the company of not fulfilling anti-trust obligations it had agreed to during the merger, fined EssilorLuxottica €17 million in late August 2023. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Internal war for leadership [ edit ] Despite the merger being completed in 2018, the company still faced an internal leadership battle for control of the company, fought between old Essilor leadership and Del Vecchio, who went on to state in a March 2019 interview with Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) that Essilor CEO Hubert Sagnières (/wiki/Hubert_Sagni%C3%A8res) "only listened to himself", and had cost the company up to €600 million in savings from the merger. Sagnières responded to Del Vecchio by accusing the Luxottica founder of attempting to take control of the newly formed conglomerate without offering "a premium to shareholders" of EssilorLuxottica. Del Vecchio further accused Sagnières of inexperience when running an eyewear company. The terms of the merger provided that old Essilor leadership as well as Luxottica's officers would have equal control over the merged entity, though the company would select a new CEO, internally or externally, by the end of 2020. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Ultimately, Del Vecchio won with the backing of EssilorLuxottica shareholders. Del Vecchio's choice of appointing Francesco Milleri (/wiki/Francesco_Milleri) as CEO and Paul du Saillant (/w/index.php?title=Paul_du_Saillant&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_du_Saillant) ] as deputy CEO. Saginères ultimately departed EssilorLuxottica after the feud, and Del Vecchio, who previously agreed to limit his voting rights to control the company, regained the full weight of such voting rights. A company statement to the Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) reflected the settled nature of the conflict, stating that the resolution of the leadership battle represented "the victory of a vision, the creation of an extraordinary business that is at the beginning of what it can achieve". Del Vecchio further reflected the new company's leadership by going on to state that his "life-long dream" of creating a dominant vertically integrated company in eyewear has "finally come true". [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Later acquisitions [ edit ] At the beginning of 2019, EssilorLuxottica acquired German-based Brille24 GmbH. [18] (#cite_note-18) Essilor's partner Shamir acquired Union Optic, a prescription laboratory that also distributes optical instruments. Essilor also acquired a majority stake in Indulentes, one of Ecuador's leading prescription laboratories, and a majority stake in Metalizado Optico Argentino S.A. (MOA), one of Argentina's leading prescription laboratories. [19] (#cite_note-19) EssilorLuxottica acquired a 75% stake in the Dutch opticians group GrandVision, which owns Vision Express (/wiki/Vision_Express) in the UK and For Eyes in the US, in 2019 for €28 per share, which would value the entirety of GrandVision at 7.2 billion euros. [20] (#cite_note-20) Del Vecchio passed away in June 2022, leaving $350 million in shares to Milleri. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) In August 2022, Essilor bought the remaining 50 percent stake in Shamir Optical Industry (/wiki/Shamir_Optical_Industry) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Additionally, the company announced it would acquire Israeli startup Nuance Hearing for an undisclosed amount. This was the first major strategy shift and industry expansion for the company after Del Vecchio's 2022 passing, and it accompanied reports that the firm was planning to introduce hearing aid technology into its lenses. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2024, EssilorLuxottica agreed to buy US streetwear brand Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) for US$1.5 billion, expanding its brand portfolio beyond eyewear and lenses for the first time. [26] (#cite_note-26) 2021 data breach [ edit ] May 2023 saw EssilorLuxottica confirm that it had suffered a data breach two years earlier in 2021; upon noticing the breach, the company immediately alerted the FBI and Italian law enforcement. A spokesperson for the company stated that the company was first aware of the data breach in November 2022, and the owner of the website Have I Been Pwned? (/wiki/Have_I_Been_Pwned%3F) stated that around 77 million accounts were released. [27] (#cite_note-27) Operations [ edit ] The company dominates the global eyewear market as the largest single player in that market. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Retail [ edit ] EssilorLuxottica is the largest company in retail sales, owning many of the largest eyewear retail chains in the world. By number of locations, EssilorLuxottica's largest store chain is Sunglass Hut (/wiki/Sunglass_Hut) , with 3,239 locations as of 2020. Its second largest and third largest chains are Oticas Carol at 1,402 locations and LensCrafters (/wiki/LensCrafters) with 1,094 locations respectively. [30] (#cite_note-:1-30) Online, the company further owns Clearly (/wiki/Clearly) , Eyebuydirect (/wiki/Eyebuydirect) , FramesDirect.com (/wiki/FramesDirect.com) , and online properties under its brand names such as Ray-Ban and Oakley. [31] (#cite_note-31) EssilorLuxottica retail brands by number of locations in 2020 [30] (#cite_note-:1-30) Brand name Number of locations Sunglass Hut (/wiki/Sunglass_Hut) 3,239 Óticas Carol 1,402 LensCrafters (/wiki/LensCrafters) 1,094 Vision Express 549 Pearle Vision (/wiki/Pearle_Vision) 548 Target Optical (/wiki/Target_Optical) 536 GMO 447 Salmoirgahi & Viganò 389 Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) 384 OPSM (/wiki/OPSM) 376 Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) 248 David Clulow Optical 123 All others 153 Eyewear brands [ edit ] The company, inherited mostly from the Luxottica side, has control over some of the most recognized brands in eyewear. Previous acquisitions from Luxottica include Vogue Eyewear in 1990, [32] (#cite_note-32) Persol (/wiki/Persol) in 1995, [33] (#cite_note-33) Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) and Arnette in 1999, [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) and Oliver Peoples (/wiki/Oliver_Peoples) in 2007, [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Alain Mikli (/wiki/Alain_Mikli) in 2012, [38] (#cite_note-38) and Bolon eyewear owner Xiamen Yarui Optical (/wiki/Xiamen_Yarui_Optical) in 2013. [39] (#cite_note-39) Essilor also brought some eyewear brands to the combined company, the largest of which being Foster Grant (/wiki/Foster_Grant) , acquired in 2010, [40] (#cite_note-40) and Costa Del Mar (/wiki/Costa_Del_Mar) , a part of Essilor since 2014. [41] (#cite_note-41) Despite ownership of brands, Luxottica also brought over exclusive eyewear manufacturing deals to the company, mostly with major European fashion houses. Armani (/wiki/Armani) was Luxottica's first major licensing deal in 1989, one that remains intact to this day, [42] (#cite_note-42) and the company additionally manufactures eyewear for many companies, including but not limited to brands owned by Tapestry (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) , Capri Holdings (/wiki/Capri_Holdings) , Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , and Ferrari (/wiki/Ferrari) . [43] (#cite_note-43) In addition to the brands it owns, EssilorLuxottica presently has exclusive manufacturing licensing for Armani (/wiki/Armani) , Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Coach (/wiki/Coach_New_York) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Ferrari (/wiki/Ferrari) (through a Ray-Ban partnership), Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) ' eyewear, Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) , Tiffany & Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) , Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch_LLC) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [44] (#cite_note-44) EssilorLuxottica also signed new licensing deals with Jimmy Choo (/wiki/Jimmy_Choo_(fashion_house)) and Kodak (/wiki/Kodak) in 2023, though did not renew its license with LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) -owned Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) , which expired at the end of 2023. [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) Lens technologies [ edit ] According to its website, [48] (#cite_note-48) it owns the following lens technologies: Crizal (/wiki/Crizal) Essilor (/wiki/Essilor) Essilor Sun Solution (/w/index.php?title=Essilor_Sun_Solution&action=edit&redlink=1) Eyezen (/w/index.php?title=Eyezen&action=edit&redlink=1) Kodak (/wiki/Kodak) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) Optifog (/w/index.php?title=Optifog&action=edit&redlink=1) Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) Transitions (/wiki/Transitions_Optical) Varilux (/wiki/Varilux) Xperio (/wiki/Xperio) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Universal Registration Document 2023" (https://www.essilorluxottica.com/en/cap/content/101696/) . EssilorLuxottica. March 8, 2024 . Retrieved July 18, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ebhardt, Tommaso (June 22, 2023). "Del Vecchio's Holding Firm to Cash in Over $945 Million in Dividends" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-22/billionaire-del-vecchios-firm-to-get-945-million-in-dividends) . Bloomberg News. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Eyewear Brands | EssilorLuxottica" (https://www.essilorluxottica.com/en/brands/eyewear/) . Essilor . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "EssilorLuxottica: revenue worldwide 2022" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/241615/essilorluxottica-revenue-worldwide/) . Statista . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Essilor et Luxottica annoncent une fusion à 50 milliards d'euros" (https://investir.lesechos.fr/actions/actualites/update4-essilor-et-luxottica-annoncent-une-fusion-a-50-milliards-d-euros-1628577.php) . Investir . January 16, 2017 . Retrieved May 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Essilor et Luxottica finalisent leur fusion, créant un nouveau géant de l'optique" (https://investir.lesechos.fr/actions/actualites/essilor-et-luxottica-finalisent-leur-fusion-creant-un-nouveau-geant-de-l-optique-1795435.php) . Investir . October 1, 2018 . Retrieved May 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Essilor, Luxottica close €48B merger to create eyewear giant" (https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/trending/KVDLgmLXiiZD76KB41tYjg2) . www.spglobal.com . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Zargani, Luisa (March 5, 2019). "Luxottica Delists From Milan Stock Exchange" (https://wwd.com/feature/luxottica-delists-from-milan-stock-exchange-1203077253/) . WWD . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) WW, FashionNetwork com. "Luxottica Group starts procedure for New York Stock Exchange delisting" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Luxottica-group-starts-procedure-for-new-york-stock-exchange-delisting,828322.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Prism, Optical (May 17, 2017). "Luxottica Group to delist from New York Stock Exchange" (https://opticalprism.ca/luxottica-group-to-delist-from-new-york-stock-exchange/) . Optical Prism Magazine . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "EssilorLuxottica contrôle désormais 93,31 % des actions Luxottica" (https://www.zonebourse.com/LUXOTTICA-GROUP-90830/actualite/EssilorLuxottica-controle-desormais-93-31-des-actions-Luxottica-27676676/) . Zone bourse . November 28, 2018 . Retrieved May 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "16 milliards de CA pour EssilorLuxottica et des prévisions de croissance jusqu'à 5 %" (http://www.frequenceoptic.fr/actualites/16-milliards-de-ca-pour-essilorluxottica-et-des-previsions-de-croissance-jusqu-a-5.html) . Fréquence optic . March 8, 2019 . Retrieved May 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "EssilorLuxottica fined for non-compliance in Turkey" (https://globalcompetitionreview.com/article/essilorluxottica-fined-non-compliance-in-turkey) . globalcompetitionreview.com . Retrieved August 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Shedd, Karin (May 18, 2019). "Why the $49 billion merger of eyewear giants Luxottica and Essilor worries some antitrust experts" (https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/17/why-the-luxottica-essilor-merger-worries-antitrust-experts.html) . CNBC . Retrieved August 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Kar-Gupta, Sudip; Henault, Blandine (March 21, 2019). "EssilorLuxottica tensions exposed as executives fall out" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-essilorluxottica-governance-stocks-idUSKCN1R20P5) . Reuters . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Wynne, Alex (March 21, 2019). "Merged EssilorLuxottica Plagued by Power Struggle" (https://wwd.com/feature/merged-essilorluxottica-plagued-power-struggle-1203089131/) . WWD . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Borrelli, Silvia Sciorilli; Keohane, David (May 21, 2021). "EssilorLuxottica ends 3-year governance battle" (https://www.ft.com/content/efc822ef-e63e-4351-9f3e-2ff0ca8bd7f8) . Financial Times . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Essilor acquires German online optical retailer Brille24" (https://ecommercenews.eu/essilor-acquires-german-online-optical-retailer-brille24/) . Ecommerce News . February 13, 2019 . Retrieved August 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Essilor International moves forward with four worldwide acquisitions" (https://www.healio.com/news/optometry/20190213/essilor-international-moves-forward-with-four-worldwide-acquisitions) . www.healio.com . Retrieved July 19, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "EssilorLuxottica sets sights on retail dominance with $8 billion GrandVision deal" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-essilorluxottica-results-idUSKCN1UQ0JW) . Reuters . July 31, 2019 . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Ray-Ban's billionaire owner Leonardo Del Vecchio dies | CNN Business" (https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/27/business/luxottica-leonardo-del-vecchio/index.html) . CNN . June 27, 2022 . Retrieved July 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Lepido, Daniele (August 1, 2022). "Ray-Ban Billionaire Del Vecchio Leaves $350 Million Essilor Shares to Successor" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-01/del-vecchio-leaves-350-million-essilor-shares-to-his-successor) . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved July 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "EssilorLuxottica Acquires 100 Percent of Shamir Optical" (http://www.visionmonday.com/business/international-news/article/essilorluxottica-acquires-100-percent-of-shamir-optical/) . www.visionmonday.com . Retrieved July 19, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Borrelli, Silvia Sciorilli (July 25, 2023). "EssilorLuxottica to move into hearing aids after buying Israeli start-up | Financial Times" (https://www.ft.com/content/423cf1d4-eab4-45ff-91b8-aa0b8001d768) . Financial Times . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Wrobel, Sharon. "Maker of Oakley and Ray-Ban sunglasses buys Israeli hearing tech startup Nuance" (https://www.timesofisrael.com/maker-of-oakley-and-ray-ban-sunglasses-buys-israeli-hearing-tech-startup-nuance/) . www.timesofisrael.com . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "EssilorLuxottica expands into streetwear with $1.5bn Supreme deal" (https://www.ft.com/content/54d2622a-b778-457e-87ca-9ef61bc83456) . www.ft.com . Retrieved July 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Luxottica confirms 2021 data breach after info of 70M leaks online" (https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/luxottica-confirms-2021-data-breach-after-info-of-70m-leaks-online/) . BleepingComputer . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Knight, Sam (May 10, 2018). "The spectacular power of Big Lens | The long read" (https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/may/10/the-invisible-power-of-big-glasses-eyewear-industry-essilor-luxottica) . the Guardian . Retrieved May 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Parisi, Danny (May 16, 2019). "How independent eyewear brands compete with EssilorLuxottica" (https://www.glossy.co/fashion/they-have-one-goal-take-over-the-world-how-independent-eyewear-brands-compete-with-the-behemoth-of-essilorluxottica/) . Glossy . Retrieved May 13, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Number of stores of Luxottica by brand worldwide 2020" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/256540/number-of-stores-of-luxottica-by-brand-worldwide/) . Statista . Retrieved September 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Lazarus, David (March 5, 2019). "Column: How badly are we being ripped off on eyewear? Former industry execs tell all" (https://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-glasses-lenscrafters-luxottica-monopoly-20190305-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved May 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Strategy Study: How Luxottica Became The World's Eyewear Giant" (https://www.cascade.app/studies/luxottica-strategy-study) . www.cascade.app . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Ortiz, Gerald; Moon, Jacorey (June 5, 2023). "The Complete Guide to Persol Sunglasses: All Styles, Explained" (http://gearpatrol.com/style/a724428/persol-sunglasses-brand-breakdown/) . Gear Patrol . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Ray-Bans net cool $640 million in Luxottica sale - Apr. 28, 1999" (https://money.cnn.com/1999/04/28/deals/bausch/) . money.cnn.com . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Earnest, Leslie (January 7, 2000). "Arnette Retires From Company He Founded" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jan-07-fi-51599-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Luxottica Acquires Oakley in $2.1 Billion Deal… | SGB Media Online" (https://sgbonline.com/luxottica-acquires-oakley-in-21-billion-deal/) . sgbonline.com . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Oakley Acquires Oliver Peoples - a Leading Fashion Eyewear Brand" (https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2006/02/09/339240/2175/en/Oakley-Acquires-Oliver-Peoples-a-Leading-Fashion-Eyewear-Brand.html) . GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). February 9, 2006 . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Staff. "Luxottica Enters Into an Exclusivity Agreement to Acquire Alain Mikli" (https://www.2020mag.com/article/luxottica-enters-into-an-exclusivity-agreement-to-acquire-alain-mikli) . www.2020mag.com . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Grint, Louie (February 26, 2014). "Luxottica Is Destined to Win in 2014" (https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/02/26/luxottica-is-destined-to-win-in-2014.aspx) . The Motley Fool . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Essilor. "Essilor Acquires FGX International, Becoming a Major Player in a New Fast-Growing Market" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/essilor-acquires-fgx-international-becoming-a-major-player-in-a-new-fast-growing-market-87638232.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Bolar, Alim (November 19, 2013). "Costa Inc. To Be Acquired By Essilor International | VisionPlus Magazine" (https://visionplusmag.com/business/costa-inc-to-be-acquired-by-essilor-international/) . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "EssilorLuxottica, Armani Renew Deal Which Changed Eyewear World" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-14/essilorluxottica-armani-renew-deal-which-changed-eyewear-world) . Bloomberg.com . September 14, 2022 . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Brands | EssilorLuxottica" (https://www.essilorluxottica.com/en/brands/) . Essilor . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Eyewear Brands | EssilorLuxottica" (https://www.essilorluxottica.com/en/brands/eyewear/) . Essilor . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) EssilorLuxottica (June 29, 2023). "EssilorLuxottica and Jimmy Choo announce a ten-year licensing agreement" (https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/06/29/2696722/0/en/EssilorLuxottica-and-Jimmy-Choo-announce-a-ten-year-licensing-agreement.html) . GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release) . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Schneider, Jaron (July 28, 2023). "Kodak is 'Indefinitely' Licensing its Brand to the World's Largest Eyewear Company" (https://petapixel.com/2023/07/28/kodak-is-indefinitely-licensing-its-brand-to-the-worlds-largest-eyewear-company/) . PetaPixel . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) WW, FashionNetwork com. "Luxottica and Bulgari are not renewing their eyewear license agreement" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Luxottica-and-bulgari-are-not-renewing-their-eyewear-license-agreement,1500800.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved September 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Brands" (https://www.essilorluxottica.com/brands) . 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Cherokee Inc. Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Industry Manufacturing (/wiki/Manufacturing) Founded 1973 ; 51 years ago ( 1973 ) Founder James Argyropoulos Headquarters Sherman Oaks (/wiki/Sherman_Oaks,_Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Jess Ravich (Chairman) Henry Stupp (CEO) Howard Siegel (COO) Steven L Brink (CFO) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Shoes (/wiki/Shoe) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Galaxy Universal Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) Website www (http://www.galaxycorp.com) .galaxycorp (http://www.galaxycorp.com) .com (http://www.galaxycorp.com) Cherokee Inc. , also known as Apex Global Brands , is an American based global apparel (/wiki/Apparel) and footwear (/wiki/Footwear) company, headquartered in Sherman Oaks (/wiki/Sherman_Oaks,_Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The company was established in 1973 and its brands are available in 110 countries in 12,000 retail locations and on digital commerce. [2] (#cite_note-2) Cherokee owns a number of fashion and lifestyle brands, including: Cherokee, Cherokee Workwear, Carole Little, Tony Hawk (/wiki/Tony_Hawk) Signature Apparel and Hawk Brands, 900 Tony Hawk, Liz Lange (/wiki/Liz_Lange) , Sideout, Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) , Magnum, 50 Peaks, Interceptor, Everyday California, Point Cove, Saint Tropez, Chorus Line, All That Jazz, Ale by Allesandra, Teen Hearts and Flip Flop Shops. History [ edit ] Founding [ edit ] In 1973, James Argyropoulos, the son of a Greek immigrant, launched custom-made footwear designs and began to sell them from his Venice Beach, California (/wiki/Venice_Beach,_California) home. Soon it was stocked by department stores, including Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) . In the early 1980s, the brand expanded to selling women's and children's apparel. During this time, it became available worldwide. In the 1990s, Cherokee established a partnership with Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The headquarters at Sherman Oaks, California employs 51-200 employees. In 2021, Apex Global Brands was acquired by Galaxy Universal. [4] (#cite_note-4) Filing for bankruptcy protection [ edit ] It filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) in both 1993 and 1994, but continued to trade. Expansion [ edit ] A Cherokee shirt tag at a Zellers in Quebec when the brand was being sold there In 1997, it acquired Sideout. [5] (#cite_note-5) From 2002, Cherokee was sold at Tesco (/wiki/Tesco) in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) until 2015, when Argos (/wiki/Argos_(retailer)) took over the rights to sell the brand. [6] (#cite_note-6) However, following the 2016 acquisition of Argos by the UK retailer Sainsbury's (/wiki/Sainsbury%27s) , the Cherokee brand was quietly dropped and replaced by Sainsbury's own Tu brand of clothing in 2017. [ citation needed ] In December 2002, the company further expanded by acquiring the Carole Little, [7] (#cite_note-7) Saint Tropez, All That Jazz and Chorus Line brands and CL Fashion trademarks. [8] (#cite_note-8) From 2013 to 2015 Cherokee was sold at Target Canada (/wiki/Target_Canada) stores and was acquired by Sears Canada (/wiki/Sears_Canada) . Prior to Target, the label was sold by Zellers (/wiki/Zellers) in Canada since 1998. [ citation needed ] In January 2014, Cherokee acquired the worldwide Tony Hawk and Hawk signature apparel brands. In May 2015, Cherokee acquired casual lifestyle brand Everyday California. On September 10, 2015, Cherokee announced [9] (#cite_note-9) Target would cease carrying the brand when its license expires on January 31, 2017. As of 2022 some Target shops do carry Cherokee products but on a non exclusive basis. In October 2015, Cherokee acquired Flip Flop Shops, a franchise retail chain offering flip flops, casual footwear and accessories. [10] (#cite_note-10) In November 2016, Cherokee acquired the Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) [11] (#cite_note-11) and Magnum brands. [12] (#cite_note-12) Operations [ edit ] Back view of Cherokee Workwear drawstring pants (/wiki/Drawstring_pants) Cherokee comprises a number of fashion and lifestyle brands: Cherokee [ edit ] Cherokee is the core eponymous brand, licensed in over 50 countries. Cherokee Workwear [ edit ] Cherokee Workwear is a brand that was introduced in 2004, which manufactures medical scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) . Carole Little [ edit ] The Carole Little collection comprises items for work, travel and leisure. Tony Hawk Signature Apparel and Hawk Brands [ edit ] Tony Hawk (/wiki/Tony_Hawk) is an "action lifestyle" range. 900 Tony Hawk [ edit ] 900 Tony Hawk is a skateboard brand. Liz Lange [ edit ] Liz Lange (/wiki/Liz_Lange) is a maternity wear brand. Sideout [ edit ] Sideout was founded in 1983 and comprises athletic wear, sportswear and active wear. Hi-Tec [ edit ] Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) [13] (#cite_note-13) is a privately held (/wiki/Privately_held) [14] (#cite_note-brettman13-14) producer and distributor of sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) and accessories, headquartered in the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) . [15] (#cite_note-cyr-15) Magnum [ edit ] Magnum is a footwear brand. 50 Peaks [ edit ] 50 Peaks is a brand which creates outdoor footwear, equipment and apparel. Interceptor [ edit ] Interceptor is a tactical boots brand. Everyday California [ edit ] Everyday California is a "casual style outfit" brand. Point Cove [ edit ] Point Cove is a Californian brand which sells clothing, footwear and accessories. Saint Tropez [ edit ] Saint Tropez is designed for younger women. Chorus Line [ edit ] Founded in 1975 by three men in southern California, Chorus Line is a moderately priced apparel company which initially begun as a retail company focusing exclusively on juniors collections. Chorus Line has branched out to include designs specifically aimed towards women in their 20s and 30s as well as petite and plus size divisions. All That Jazz [ edit ] All That Jazz appeals to a teenage female customer base and with low prices. Flip Flop Shops [ edit ] Flip Flop Shops was founded in 2004 and is a retail chain retailing popular brands and flip flops and casual footwear. See also [ edit ] Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) Tony Hawk (/wiki/Tony_Hawk) Liz Lange (/wiki/Liz_Lange) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Cherokee Moves Corporate Headquarters" (http://labusinessjournal.com/news/2011/dec/23/cherokee-moves-corporate-headquarters/) . Los Angeles Business Journal (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Business_Journal) . 23 December 2011 . Retrieved March 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "CHEROKEE INC's revenue, funding, news & more | PipeCandy" (https://pipecandy.com/companies/cherokee-inc) . pipecandy.com . Retrieved 2017-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Cherokee is making a name for itself in more nations" (http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-stock-spotlight-cherokee-20140106-story.html#) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . 6 January 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Apex Global Brands Announces Agreement to Be Acquired by Galaxy Universal LLC for $2.00 Per Share in All Cash Deal" (https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/02/16/2176464/0/en/Apex-Global-Brands-Announces-Agreement-to-Be-Acquired-by-Galaxy-Universal-LLC-for-2-00-Per-Share-in-All-Cash-Deal.html) . GLOBE NEWSWIRE. 16 February 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cherokee to Buy Rights to Sideout Properties" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-nov-11-fi-52583-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 1997-11-11 . Retrieved 2020-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Argos takes over rights to sell Cherokee clothing" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jan/21/argos-takes-over-rights-sell-cherokee-clothing) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 21 January 2015 . Retrieved January 21, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Cherokee Acquires Carol Little, Chorus Line Brands" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2002/dec/20/cherokee-acquires-carol-little-chorus-line-brands/) . California Apparel News . 20 December 2002 . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Cherokee Acquires CL Fashion Trademarks" (https://www.just-style.com/news/cherokee-acquires-cl-fashions-trademarks_id89285.aspx) . Just Style . 18 December 2002. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200920013803/https://www.just-style.com/news/cherokee-acquires-cl-fashions-trademarks_id89285.aspx) from the original on 2020-09-20 . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Target to drop Cherokee brand products in U.S. from 2017" (https://news.yahoo.com/target-drop-cherokee-brand-products-u-2017-212226245--finance.html) . Yahoo News (/wiki/Yahoo_News) . Retrieved September 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Cherokee goes shopping: acquires Flip Flop Shops" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/cherokee-goes-shopping-acquires-flip-flop-shops/2015102018043) . Fashion United UK . 20 October 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031014311/https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/cherokee-goes-shopping-acquires-flip-flop-shops/2015102018043) from the original on 2020-10-31 . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Cherokee to Acquire Hi-Tec Shoemaker for $96 Million" (https://www.sfvbj.com/news/2016/nov/28/cherokee-acquire-hi-tec-shoemaker-96-million/) . San Fernando Valley Business Journal . 28 November 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161130144846/http://www.sfvbj.com/news/2016/nov/28/cherokee-acquire-hi-tec-shoemaker-96-million/) from the original on 2016-11-30 . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Hi-Tec To Be Sold To Cherokee Global Brands" (https://sgbonline.com/hi-tec-agrees-to-be-sold-to-cherokee-global-brands/) . SGBMedia . 28 November 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031031417/https://sgbonline.com/hi-tec-agrees-to-be-sold-to-cherokee-global-brands/) from the original on 2020-10-31 . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "hi-tec" (http://www.hi-tec.com/) . Hi-Tec . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/19991128131655/http://hi-tec.com:80/) from the original on 1999-11-28 . Retrieved 13 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-brettman13_14-0) Brettman, Allan (May 14, 2013). "Hi-Tec Sports banks on Zuuk shoe for market distinction" (http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/05/hi-tec_sports_banks_on_zuuk_sh.html) . Oregon Live . Retrieved 28 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-cyr_15-0) Cyr, Brian (November 19, 2013). "Hi-Tec Sports, the footwear and apparel brand, hires U.S.-based design director" (http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/11/hi-tec_sports_the_footwear_and.html) . Oregon Live . Retrieved 28 July 2015 . 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Clothing made from PVC fabric Woman in blue PVC shorts and top PVC clothing is shiny clothing made from the plastic polyvinyl chloride (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) (PVC). [1] (#cite_note-1) PVC plastic is often called "vinyl" and this type of clothing is commonly known as "vinyl clothing". [2] (#cite_note-2) PVC is sometimes confused with the similarly shiny patent leather (/wiki/Patent_leather) . The terms "PVC", "vinyl" and "PU" tend to be used interchangeably by retailers for clothing made from shiny plastic-coated fabrics. These fabrics usually consist of a backing woven from polyester (/wiki/Polyester) fibers with a surface coating of shiny plastic. The plastic layer itself is typically a blend of PVC and polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) (PU), with 100% PVC producing a stiff fabric with a glossy shine and 100% PU producing a stretchy fabric with a silky shine (see PU laminate (/wiki/PU_laminate) ). A manufacturer's label may say, for example, 67% polyester, 33% polyurethane for a fabric that contains no PVC; or 80% polyvinyl chloride, 20% polyurethane with mention of the polyester backing omitted. PVC clothing is a highly resistant material and waterproof. [3] (#cite_note-3) PVC can be produced in bright colors (black, red, white, blue, orange, pink, silver, striped, etc.), adding visual appeal to the physical sensations produced by wearing the material. History [ edit ] Plastics have been used in clothing since their invention, particularly in raincoats. The use of PVC in clothing became established during the fashion trends of the 1960s and early 1970s. [4] (#cite_note-4) The fashion designers of the time regarded PVC as the ideal material with which to design futuristic clothes. Boots, raincoats, dresses and other PVC garments were made in diverse colors as well as transparent, and to some degree they were worn in public. PVC clothes were often seen in films and TV series such as The Avengers (/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)) . Shiny plastic clothing (/wiki/Plastic_clothing) has since become the object of PVC fetishism (/wiki/PVC_fetishism) . In the mid-late 1990s, clothes made of PVC became a part of young people's fashions, particularly in jackets, skirts and trousers, and they also appeared in the media. [5] (#cite_note-modices-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) During the mid-late 1990s it was not uncommon to see presenters, models, actresses, actors, singers and other celebrities wearing PVC clothes on TV and in magazines. As the fashion cycle continues, PVC clothing has again appeared in mainstream street fashion and it continues to be a central part of the fetish scene. [5] (#cite_note-modices-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) Fashion designers such as Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) and André Courrèges (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Courr%C3%A8ges) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) have used PVC in their collections. Since 2010, PVC has been used for both female and male fashion. Caring for PVC clothing [ edit ] PVC clothing requires care to make it last longer and maintain its appearance. As PVC clothes are made from a fabric layer covered with a plastic layer, they should not be over-stretched to avoid damage to the plastic layer. Excessive stretching can cause the plastic layer to lose its smooth texture and stay striated, lose some of its original shine, and possibly tear. If PVC clothing is not soiled, the inside can be freshened up with a fabric refresher product and the plastic outside can be wiped with a damp sponge. If necessary, PVC clothes can be hand washed with warm water and a small amount of liquid detergent (/wiki/Detergent) . Washing powder (/wiki/Laundry_detergent) should not be used because the flakes can remain on the clothing after washing, and can also stick to the plastic layer. [10] (#cite_note-wickedvegas-10) The detergent can be removed using cold water and after turning the garment inside out it can be left in the shade to dry. After drying the inside (fabric layer), a garment can be turned to dry the outside (plastic layer). [10] (#cite_note-wickedvegas-10) PVC clothing is damaged by ironing (/wiki/Clothes_iron) . It is made of heat-sensitive plastics and which may melt under the iron, and high temperatures from any source, such as flames, clothes dryers (/wiki/Clothes_dryer) , and cigarettes can damage it. The fumes from burning or smoking PVC plastic can also damage it. [10] (#cite_note-wickedvegas-10) Different colored PVC garments, especially white, may be subject to staining if they are not stored separately from each other. PVC clothing is usually stored hanging in a garment bag away from other clothing. [10] (#cite_note-wickedvegas-10) The polyester fabric used for backing PVC clothing is more resistant to wear and tear than rubber, and PVC clothing does not require the use of any shining products. However, it is possible to polish PVC clothing using liquid silicone (/wiki/Silicone) spray sold by car accessory shops. [10] (#cite_note-wickedvegas-10) Gallery [ edit ] Women in white and red PVC skirts and tops Woman wearing a black PVC Bikini Men's black PVC pants Men's black PVC down jacket See also [ edit ] 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) Catsuits and bodysuits in popular media (/wiki/Catsuits_and_bodysuits_in_popular_media) Latex clothing (/wiki/Latex_clothing) Plastic clothing (/wiki/Plastic_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "poly(vinyl chloride) (CHEBI:53243)" (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53243) . Ebi.ac.uk . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sorting Out The Vinyls – EVA, PEVA, PVA, PVB, & PVC" (http://www.healthybuilding.net/pvc/SortingOutVinyls.html) . Healthybuilding.net. April 28, 2005 . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Flexible PVC in Fashion [factsheet]" (https://www.plasticisers.org/factsheet/flexible-pvc-in-fashion/) . Plasticisers - Information Center . Retrieved March 25, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fashion From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day, by Mila Contini, p. 317 ^ Jump up to: a b "A próxima textura: vinil" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130117100002/http://modices.com.br/moda/a-proxima-textura-vinil/) . Modices. March 22, 2011. Archived from the original (http://modices.com.br/moda/a-proxima-textura-vinil/) on January 17, 2013 . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Trend Alert…Peças de Vinil… | Renata Bala – Consultora de Moda" (http://renataabala.wordpress.com/2012/06/01/trend-alert-pecas-de-vinil/) . Renataabala.wordpress.com. June 2012 . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "PVC Atualidades OnLine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090820051647/http://www.institutodopvc.org/pvcatualidades/noticia.php?edicao=36&mat=63&lang=pt) . Institutodopvc.org. Archived from the original (http://www.institutodopvc.org/pvcatualidades/noticia.php?edicao=36&mat=63&lang=pt) on August 20, 2009 . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Courrèges" (http://almanaque.folha.uol.com.br/courreges.htm) . Almanaque.folha.uol.com.br . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "André Courrèges volta ao mundo da moda" (http://www.portaisdamoda.com.br/noticiaInt~id~15774~n~andre+courreges+volta+ao+mundo+da+moda.htm) . Portaisdamoda.com.br . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Vinyl, PVC Taking Care of your Clothing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120111053220/http://www.wickedvegas.net/vinylcare.html) . Wicked-Vegas. Archived from the original (http://www.wickedvegas.net/vinylcare.html) on January 11, 2012 . Retrieved February 26, 2013 . v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal 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French fashion designer milliner You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mademoiselle_F%C3%A9licie) in Swedish . (August 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMademoiselle_F%C3%A9licie&sl=sv&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the Swedish article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Mademoiselle Félicie]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|sv|Mademoiselle Félicie}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Mademoiselle_F%C3%A9licie) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Mademoiselle Félicie (19th-century) was a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) milliner (/wiki/Milliner) . She belonged to the elite of the French fashion industry during the Second Empire (/wiki/Second_Empire_(France)) . She was one of the favorite designers of the empress of France, Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) . The empress, who was a major fashion icon of the time, had favorite designers who attended different parts of her wardrobe. In the 1860s, the evening gowns of the empress was designed by Charles Frederick Worth (/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth) , the morning dresses was made by Madame Laferrière (/wiki/Madame_Laferri%C3%A8re) , and the outerwear by Mademoiselle Félicie ; Félix Escalier (/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Escalier&action=edit&redlink=1) was the hairdresser of the empress, while her the task to design her hats was shared between Madame Virot (/wiki/Madame_Virot) and Madame Lebel. [1] (#cite_note-1) The fashions of the empress were copied all over the world, and benefitted the careers of her favorite designers, all of whom belonged to the elite designers of the French fashion industry at the time. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Granström, Alvar, Kvinnor och krinoliner: en mode- och sedeskildring från krinolinmodets tid, Carlsson, Stockholm, 1990 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐zzj7w Cached time: 20240705135339 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.108 seconds Real time usage: 0.165 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 710/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21195/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3068/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3473/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.048/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1773669/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 151.492 1 -total 48.99% 74.221 1 Template:Expand_Swedish 45.53% 68.978 1 Template:Expand_language 43.21% 65.458 1 Template:Short_description 42.02% 63.655 1 Template:Ambox 24.16% 36.606 2 Template:Pagetype 22.99% 34.824 1 Template:Hidden 13.04% 19.747 5 Template:Main_other 10.92% 16.550 1 Template:SDcat 9.57% 14.491 1 Template:Wikidata_sitelink Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74708359-0!canonical and timestamp 20240705135339 and revision id 1222393595. 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A type of Chinese scarf, neckband or waistcoat Xiapei Portrait of Empress Dowager Du (/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Du) wearing scarf-like xiapei over her shoulders; a peizhui (ornament) is hanging at the front end, Song dynasty. Portrait of Mrs Chen wearing the waistcoat-like xiapei, Qing dynasty Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 霞帔 Literal meaning "Rosy cloud scarf" or "Rosy cloud cape" Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) xiápèi Alternative Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 霞帔坠 Literal meaning Rosy cloud scarf pendant Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Xiápèizhuì Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 하피 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 霞帔 Literal meaning Rosy cloud cape Transcriptions Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) hapi Xiapei ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 霞帔 ; lit. 'Rosy cloud scarf'), also known as hapi ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 하피 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 霞帔 ) in Korea, [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) is a type of Chinese clothing accessory in either the form of a long scarf, a neckband, or in the shape of waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) depending on the time period. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It was also referred as xiapeizhui ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 霞帔坠 ) when it was ornamented with a peizhui ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 帔坠 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : pèizhuì ; lit. 'pendant') at its front end; the peizhui ornament could be made of diverse materials, such as silver, jade, and gold. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) The xiapei appeared as early as the Qin dynasty (/wiki/Qin_dynasty) and continues to be worn until now (although the shape of the xiapei evolved with time). [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Since the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) , peizhui started to be used to ornate the xiapei. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and Qing dynasties (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , the xiapei , along with the fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) , became the daily clothing of queens and the formal clothing of the wives of senior officials. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The xiapei eventually became part of the traditional Chinese wedding attire for commoners. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The xiapei was also introduced and worn in the late Goryeo (/wiki/Goryeo) and Joseon (/wiki/Joseon) where it was called hapi ; it was bestowed by the Ming dynasty along with the jeokui (/wiki/Diyi) and many other garment items. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) [6] (#cite_note-6) History [ edit ] Qin and Han dynasty [ edit ] The xiapei appears as early as the Qin and Han dynasty and was in the shape of the long, thin-silk scarf. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties. [ edit ] During the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties, the xiapei was known as embroidered collar . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Sui and Tang dynasty [ edit ] In the Sui (/wiki/Sui_dynasty) and Tang (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) dynasties, the xiapei gained its name due to its beauty like rosy clouds (霞; xia). [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) During this period, it became increasingly popular. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) In the Tang dynasty, the xiapei was an embroidered scarf made of silk which was attached to a woman's neck and shoulder that would wrap around her body. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) Song dynasty [ edit ] Southern Song (/wiki/Song_dynasty) gold peizhui, an ornament used to decorate xiapei. In the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) , xiapei became a component part of the formal attire; the embellishment of the xiapei in this period were determined according to the social rank of its wearer. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Peizhui (帔坠), the ornament which was used to decorate the xiapei, were among the jewelries given by wealthy families and high status families to women on their wedding. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Similarly to the way it was worn in the Tang dynasty, the xiapei was still attached to the neck and shoulder of a woman, except that it was repositioned to also hang on her chest in order to display the ornament (i.e. peizhui) which was attached to the front end of the xiapei. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) Ming dynasty [ edit ] In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the xiapei was inherited from the one worn in the Song dynasty. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) The Ming dynasty xiapei was a form of long embroidered neckband which was trimmed with gold and lace. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It was worn by queens as daily attires and by the wives of senior official as a formal attire. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) It was also used as part of the ceremonial attire for titled women. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) During the Hongwu Period (/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor) (1368 –1398 AD) of the Ming Dynasty, there were specific regulations on what kind of clothing a woman had to wear based on her social rank: [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) Women who were given rank of 1st and rank of 2nd by the Ming emperor had to wear a xiapei which was decorated with golden cloud and pheasant patterns embroidery. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Women who were given the rank of 3rd and 4th had to wear a xiapei which was embroidered with golden cloud and peacock pattern, [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Women who were given the rank of 5th had to wear a xiapei which was embroidered with cloud and mandarin duck pattern, [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Women who were given the rank of 6th and 7th had to wear a xiapei which was embroidered with cloud and magpie pattern, [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Women who were given the rank of 8th and 9th had to wear a xiapei which was embroidered with branch pattern. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The xiapei eventually became part of the wedding attire for commoners. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Ming dynasty Empress Xiao yizhuang. Ming fynasty Empress Xiao Chun Ming dynasty Empress Xiaoduan Ming dynasty Empress Xiaoduan wearing xiapei. Ming dynasty noblewomen wearing a green embroidered xiapei over her red robe. Ming dynasty noblewomen wearing a blue embroidered xiapei over her red robe. Woman wearing xiapei; portrait of an official woman. Woman wearing xiapei in late Ming. Qing dynasty [ edit ] In the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , the Ming dynasty xiapei (long scarf) evolved into the Qing dynasty xiapei which was in the form of a sleeveless waistcoat. This waistcoat was made up of 3 pieces: [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The front and back parts which was decorated with the rank badges accordingly to the women's husband ranking, and Coloured tassels were decorated the bottom part of the waistcoat. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The waistcoat-shaped xiapei was tied at the sides, reached below the knee and had a fringed pointed bottom hem. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Similarly to the Ming dynasty, the waistcoat xiapei was worn by the queens as a daily form of attire while the wives of senior official as a formal attire. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Throughout the Qing dynasty, Han Chinese women, following the Ming dynasty customs, would wear the xiapei on their wedding day. [10] (#cite_note-10) The xiapei was actually first worn as part of the Wedding attire and after the wedding, it would be worn for special events. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Ordinary women wear allowed to wear xiapei on rare occasion, such as weddings and funerals. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Qing dynasty lady in a red robe and xiapei over shoulders. Chinese woman wearing xiapei, Xu Family of Guangzhou Chinese officials, Qing dynasty. Waistcoat-like xiapei, Qing dynasty. Women's waistcoat-like xiapei, Qing dynasty, late 19th century. Korea [ edit ] The xiapei was called hapi in Korea; it was a long, wide piece of black silk which was worn over the shoulders. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Hapi was an ornamental garment and was a ceremonial cape which was worn by the queens, crown princess, and royal women (including the consort of the crown prince, the consort of the crown prince's son, the queen dowager, and the grand queen dowager) along with the jeokui (/wiki/Diyi) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The hapi was worn in Korea from the late Goryeo to the wedding ceremony of King Yeongchin in 1922. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The hapi was bestowed by the Ming dynasty and was included in the set of ceremonial attire sent to the queen. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) According to the Annals of Joseon (/wiki/Veritable_Records_of_the_Joseon_Dynasty) , from 1403 to the first half of the 17th century the Ming Dynasty sent a letter, which confers the queen with a title, along with the hapi and many other items. [11] (#cite_note-11) Hapi (black silk band with gold ornament motifs) is worn over the shoulders. Black hapi worn on top of jeokui (/wiki/Diyi) . See also [ edit ] China portal (/wiki/Portal:China) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Hanfu footwear (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Hapi(霞帔)" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7248) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Yang, Shaorong (2004). Traditional Chinese clothing : costumes, adornments & culture (1st ed.). San Francisco: Long River Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-59265-019-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 52775158 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52775158) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 319. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8108-4004-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 694238143 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/694238143) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d KESSLER, ADAM T. (2017-08-23). "The Last Days of the Song Dynasty: Evidence of the Flight of Song Officials to Southeast Asia before the Mongol Invasions" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000384) . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society . 28 (2): 315–337. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/s1356186317000384 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1356186317000384) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1356-1863 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1356-1863) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 164576372 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164576372) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "History of Peizhui - Most Exquisite Hanfu Ornament" (https://www.newhanfu.com/9539.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 28 December 2020 . Retrieved 2022-01-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jeogui: The Most Formal Ceremonial Robe of the Joseon Queens" (https://www.museum.go.kr/site/eng/relic/recommend/view?relicRecommendId=519662) . National Museum of Korea . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Xun Zhou; Chunming Gao (1987). 5000 years of Chinese costumes . San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 150, 195. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . ^ Jump up to: a b "【金银器】帔坠_收藏文化_银元收藏网" (https://www.mugwum.com/shoucangwenhua/2905.html) . www.mugwum.com . Retrieved 2022-01-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Tibberts, Jennifer (2021-01-01). "Investigating How Qipao and Hanfu Dresses are Representative of China" (https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/honors/1089) . Senior Honors Theses : 1–52. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Vollmer, John E. (2007). Dressed to rule : 18th century court attire in the Mactaggart Art Collection . Mactaggart Art Collection. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. p. 46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55195-214-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 166687933 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166687933) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Jeokgwan" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7163) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐d4d7fbdcf‐sk8m8 Cached time: 20240716094019 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.487 seconds Real time usage: 0.663 seconds 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French perfumer (born 1969) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Christophe Laudamiel Born 1969 (age 54–55) Clermont-Ferrand (/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand) , France Nationality French Occupation Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Title Master Perfumer, DreamAir President, Academy of Perfumery and Aromatics (/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Perfumery_and_Aromatics&action=edit&redlink=1) Chief Perfumer, BélAir Lab, Tokyo Spouse Christoph Hornetz (m. 2004; div. 2017) Christophe Laudamiel (born 1969) is a French perfumer, chemist, writer and model. He is co-founder and Master Perfumer of DreamAir creative studios in New York City, where he currently resides. In 2019 he was named Chief Perfumer to BélAir Lab in Tokyo: a perfume composition and technology studio newly managed by Rohto Pharmaceuticals. [1] (#cite_note-1) He is a founder and president of the non-profit Academy of Perfumery and Aromatics (/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Perfumery_and_Aromatics&action=edit&redlink=1) . Education [ edit ] After winning the French National Chemistry Olympiads in 1986, Laudamiel studied mathematics and physics at Lycée Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. After winning a bronze medal at the International Chemistry Olympiad (/wiki/International_Chemistry_Olympiad) in Helsinki, Finland 1988, he went on and graduated valedictorian with a master's degree in chemistry from the European Higher Institute of Chemistry in Strasbourg, France. [2] (#cite_note-2) 1991. As a Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) Teaching Fellow, he taught chemistry and started a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) in 1991. He dropped out of the PhD program after one year to become teaching assistant in chemistry at Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) . In 1994 he joined the Procter & Gamble Creative Perfumery School in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (/wiki/Newcastle-upon-Tyne) (UK) studying under principal perfumer Allan McRitchie and senior perfumer Christine Cahen. He received his creative perfumery degree in 1997 from the Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) European Center in Brussels (Belgium) under the supervision of principal perfumer Robert Lecoq and senior perfumers Catherine Ganahl and Hugo Denutte. He was soon after promoted to senior perfumer by now Victor Mills' Society master perfumer Rafael Trujillo. In 1999, he received the Procter & Gamble Special Recognition Award for his work in fragrance creation, especially in fabric softeners, and for his discoveries of new fragrance molecules and technologies. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1999–2000, he briefly studied fine fragrance creation with master perfumer Pierre Bourdon, familiarizing himself with Cool Water, Goodlife, Dolce Vita and Féminité du Bois . In the year 2000, Laudamiel joined International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) in Manhattan where he polished his skills alongside perfumer legends Carlos Benaim, Sophia Grojsman (/wiki/Sophia_Grojsman) and Pierre Wargnye. Career [ edit ] Laudamiel rapidly won projects on two of the most prestigious accounts at the time in New York City: Estee Lauder Companies' (Tommy Hilfiger Cool Spray for Woman , 2001) and Polo Blue for men , Ralph Lauren, which was co-created in 2001 with Carlos Benaim and launched in 2002. Polo Blue for men received the FIFI Award (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) "Fragrance Star of the Year" in 2003. Polo Blue for men and Fierce (2002), another fragrance co-authored by Laudamiel and Benaim, were nearly a decade later, still in the top 10 best selling men's fragrances on the US market , some claimed they were in the top 5. [4] (#cite_note-4) Laudamiel’s expertise has afforded him opportunities to participate as a judge on the juries of fragrance competitions. In 2003, he was a jury member for the Royal Fashion Institute in Antwerp, Belgium, and in 2004, he helped judge Gael magazine’s (/wiki/Gael_(magazine)) and Feeling magazine’s fragrances of the year. In April 2014, he was one of main judges for the Institute of Art and Olfaction (IAO) Fragrance Awards. [5] (#cite_note-5) Osmography [ edit ] Fine Fragrances [ edit ] No. Year Fragrance Brand Co-Perfumer(s) Producer Formula deposited at 1 1999 Lenor Cherry Blossom (and Sahara, same scent) Lenor Procter & Gamble Procter & Gamble 2 2001 Tommy Girl Cool Spray Summer Tommy Hilfiger Olivier Polge (/wiki/Olivier_Polge) Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 3 2002 Fierce Abercrombie & Fitch Carlos Bénaïm, Bruno Jonanovic Boom, now Interparfums IFF 4 2002 Polo Blue For Men Ralph Lauren Carlos Bénaïm, Laurent Bruyère, Pierre Wargnye L'Oréal USA IFF 5 2002 Eigenpost for Her Eigenpost Eigenpost, South Korea IFF 6 2002 HN Women Harvey Nichols UK Antoine Lie Harvey Nichols IFF 7 2003 HN Men Harvey Nichols UK Harvey Nichols IFF 8 2003 Querelle Monsieur di Mehdi Jean-Claude Ellena (/wiki/Jean-Claude_Ellena) Monsieur di Mehdi IFF 9 2003 Infinity Laurent E. Badessi IFF 10 2003 Black Elton John Rocks Slatkin Slatkin and Co. IFF 11 2003 Persian Lime and Mimosa (https://glasspetalsmoke.blogspot.com/2007/09/letter-from-perfumer.html) Slatkin Slatkin and Co. IFF 12 2003 Happy Heart Clinique Olivier Polge (/wiki/Olivier_Polge) Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 13 2003 Absinthe Slatkin Slatkin and Co. IFF 14 2004 S-Perfume S-Perfume Alberto Morillas (/wiki/Alberto_Morillas) S-Perfume IFF 15 2004 S-ex S-Perfume S-Perfume IFF 16 2005 Agassi My Summer Aramis Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 17 2005 Island by Michael Kors Michael Kors Loc Dong Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 18 2005 Wonderful American Beauty Pascal Gaurin Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 19 2005 True Star Gold (https://www.fragrantica.de/Parfum/Tommy-Hilfiger/True-Star-Gold-1396.html) Beyoncé Knowles, Tommy Hilfiger Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 20 2005 Youth Dew Amber Nude Tom Ford Josephine Catapano Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 21 2006 Happy In Bloom Clinique Rodrigo Flores-Roux, Jean-Claude Delville Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 22 2006 Tommy Summer Men Tommy Hilfiger Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 23 2006 Burberry London for Women Burberry Dominique Ropion (/wiki/Dominique_Ropion) , Jean-Marc Chaillan Interparfums IFF 24 2006 Cuir de Michelle Michelle Krell-Kydd glasspetalsmoke IFF 25 2006 Island Fiji by Michael Kors Michael Kors Loc Dong Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 26 2006 Pure White Linen Estée Lauder Jean-Marc Chaillan, Sophie Labbé, Yves Cassar Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 27 2006 Virgin N°1 Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Christoph Hornetz Clarins IFF 28 2006 Sea Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 29 2006 Salon Rouge Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 30 2006 Paris 1738 Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 31 2006 Orgie Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Christoph Hornetz Clarins IFF 32 2006 Nuit Napolitaine Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 33 2006 Noblesse Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 34 2006 Human Existence Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 35 2006 Ermite Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 36 2006 Boutique Baldini Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 37 2006 Baby Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Christoph Hornetz Clarins IFF 38 2006 Aura Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Christoph Hornetz Clarins IFF 39 2006 Atelier Grimal Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 40 2006 Amor & Psyche Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 41 2006 Absolute Jasmin Thierry Mugler & Constantin Film Clarins IFF 42 2006 Skarb Humiecki & Graef Art of Shaving IFF 43 2007 Theo Fennel Theo Fennel Domitille Michalon-Bertier Theo Fennel IFF 44 2007 Kirra for Women Pacific Sunwear IFF 45 2007 Kirra for Men Pacific Sunwear IFF 46 2007 Ruehl N°925 Cologne R-7 for Men Ruehl Boom IFF 47 2007 Amber Absolute Tom Ford Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 48 2007 Le Baiser de L'Artiste Orlan Philippe Martinez and Bookstorming (https://www.bookstorming.com/) IFF 49 2007 Orlan Corps Orlan Philippe Martinez and Bookstorming (https://www.bookstorming.com/) IFF 50 2007 Sainte Orlan Orlan Philippe Martinez and Bookstorming (https://www.bookstorming.com/) IFF 51 2008 U by Ungaro for Her Ungaro Jean-Marc Chaillan, Laurent Le Guernec, Loc Dong IFF 52 2008 White Linen, Pink Coral Estée Lauder Jean-Marc Chaillan Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 53 2008 Happy in Bloom 2008 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 54 2008 Nouveau-Né Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving IFF 55 2008 Multiple Rouge Humiecki & Graef Art of Shaving IFF 56 2008 Geste Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving IFF 57 2008 Eau Radieuse Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving IFF 58 2008 Askew Humiecki & Graef Art of Shaving IFF 59 2008 Amanda (https://www.parfumo.de/Parfums/Amanda_Lepore/Amanda) Amanda Lepore Artware Gallery NYC IFF 60 2009 V de Vakko Vakko IFF 61 2009 Polo Blue Club Ralph Lauren Carlos Bénaïm, Laurent Bruyère, Pierre Wargnye L'Oréal USA IFF 62 2009 Clemency Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving IFF 63 2009 Kyoteau, Bottled Memories Della Chuang IFF 64 2009 Orchidelirium (http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/2009/11/kews_orchidelirium_or_o_2009_t.html) Wild Mauritius - Royal Kew Botanical Gardens, London DreamAir, Firmenich 65 2010 Happy in Bloom 2010 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 66 2010 Eau de Kiki Kiki Smith Artware Gallery NYC (https://artwareeditions.com/products/kiki-fragrance-by-kiki-smith) DreamAir, Firmenich 67 2010 Bosque Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving DreamAir, Firmenich 68 2011 Blask Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving DreamAir, Firmenich 69 2012 Passiflora Nest Fragrances Nest Fragrances DreamAir, Firmenich 70 2012 Happy in Bloom 2012 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 71 2012 Candour Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving DreamAir, Firmenich 72 2012 Amazon Lily Nest Fragrances Nest Fragrances DreamAir, Firmenich 73 2013 White Sandalwood Nest Fragrances Christoph Hornetz Nest Fragrances DreamAir, Firmenich 74 2013 Happy in Bloom 2013 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 75 2014 Tulile Raymonds Matts DreamAir, Firmenich 76 2014 Pashay Raymonds Matts DreamAir, Firmenich 77 2014 Jarro Raymonds Matts DreamAir, Firmenich 78 2014 In the Spotlight 11 (https://www.parfumo.net/Perfumes/moussy/AZUL_by_moussy__In_the_Spotlight_____Eau_de_Toilette) Azul by Moussy Baroque Japan Ltd DreamAir, Firmenich 79 2014 Happy in Bloom 2014 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 80 2014 Dead of Night Strangelove NYC (https://strangelovenyc.com/) Jacques Cavallier-Belletrud (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cavallier) Strangelove NYC (https://strangelovenyc.com/) DreamAir, Firmenich 81 2015 Melt My Heart Strangelove NYC Strangelove NYC DreamAir, Firmenich 82 2015 Happy in Bloom 2015 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 83 stillborn 2015 Abîme Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving DreamAir, Firmenich 84 stillborn 2015 Nouveau-né Humiecki & Graef Christoph Hornetz Art of Shaving DreamAir, Firmenich 85 2017 Spacewood The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 86 2017 Silence the Sea Strangelove NYC Strangelove NYC DreamAir, Firmenich 87 2017 Club Design The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 88 2017 Scent Tattoo The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 89 2017 Rhubarb My Love The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 90 2017 Louis Light The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 91 2017 Louis Dark The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 92 2016 Happy in Bloom 2016 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 93 2017 Fig My Love The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 94 2017 Everlasting The Zoo NYC Christoph Hornetz DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 95 2017 Community (https://d3ciwvs59ifrt8.cloudfront.net/8c1277f8-96bd-4a02-ae8e-0cd5fbae86bb/140d6b50-f04e-42fa-986c-f7163da96282.pdf) IFRA then The Zoo NYC IFRA (https://ifrafragrance.org/) then DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 96 2017 Lost in Flowers Strangelove NYC Strangelove NYC DreamAir, Firmenich 97 2017 Happy in Bloom 2017 Clinique Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) IFF 98 2017 Club Design The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 99 2017 No Perfume The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 100 2017 Vetyver Rain Skin The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 101 2018 Sailors The Zoo NYC Jean-Claude Ellena DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 102 2018 Rich Mess Original Rich Mess Ryan Richmond DreamAir, Firmenich 103 2018 Carré Blanc The Zoo NYC Andrew Everett DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 104 2018 Moscow Seasons The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Firmenich 105 2018 5 Rue de la Paix Park Hyatt Paris-Vendôme La Bottega DreamAir, Firmenich 106 2019 Tubéreuse Organique The Zoo NYC Ugo Charron DreamAir DreamAir, IFF 107 2020 Bank and Rock & Roll Tochka Bank Aromaco.ru DreamAir, IFF 108 2020 Saskia Grandiflora Ugo Charron Grandiflora DreamAir, IFF 109 2020 Rose 1845 Lazarus Douvos Lazarus Douvos DreamAir, IFF 110 2020 Smile & Shine The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, IFF 111 2021 Amber Classico Modern The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, IFF 112 2022 Dangerous Curves The Zoo NYC DreamAir DreamAir, Mane 113 2022 Striking Rich Mess Ryan Richmond Dreamair, Mane Scent Sculptures, Art Installations and Performances [ edit ] No. Year Fragrance(s) Installation/Performance Co-Artist(s) Location(s) Formula deposited at 1995-2012 Lilac Mon Amour Lilac Mon Amour iconosm Brian Jones Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2013) 2003 Expansion #6 Expansion #6 iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Maruani & Noirhomme Gallery, Knocke, Belgium Art+ Fine Art Gallery, Miami Iconosms, Living with Art Gallery, NYC (2005) 2003 Twirl #5 Twirl #5 iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Art+ Fine Art Gallery, Miami Art Basel, Miami Iconosms , Living with Art Gallery, NYC (2005) New York International Photographic Art Exposition (2006) 2003-2004 Success Visionaire magazine and IFF exhibit David Bowie, Iman Visionaire, Trump Tower (2005), HBA-Javitts Center; New York, Paris, São Paulo, London 2003-2004 Mother Visionaire magazine and IFF exhibit Kate Moss Visionaire, Trump Tower, HBA-Javitts Center; New York, Paris, São Paulo, London 2003-2004 Heat Visionaire magazine and IFF exhibit Philip-Lorca diCorcia Visionaire, Trump Tower, HBA-Javitts Center; New York, Paris, São Paulo, London 2004 Voila Sex! Anatomically Correct installation Koan Baysa Christoph Hornetz Broadway Gallery, New York 2004 2 scents: New Armani Suit, Old Armani Suit Marriage installation Peter de Cupere Antwerp Fashion Institute, Belgium 2004 12 primary scents Olfactiano scent piano Peter de Cupere, Sophie Labbé Brussels, Belgium 2005 Milk & Honey, 4 scents Milk & Honey scent sculpture Sissel Tolaas, Christoph Hornetz Bread & Butter Berlin Fashion Fair Bread & Butter Barcelona Fashion Fair 2005 4 scents: Hamburg Harbor, Bavarian Prairy, Berlin Club, Black Forest Nichi-Doku, German Year in Japan scent sculptures Berlin Fashion School students, Christoph Hornetz Mori Museum Tower, Tokyo 2005 Smashing Smashing iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms , Living with Art Gallery, NYC 2005 Freedom Freedom iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms , Living with Art Gallery, NYC 2005 Dream Dream iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms , Living with Art Gallery, NYC 2005 Flower #3 Flower #3 iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms , Living with Art Gallery, NYC 2005 8 fragrances Nichi-Doku, Germany-Japan scent sculptures and fine fragrances Berlin Fashion School students, Christoph Hornetz Designtransfer Gallery, University of the Arts, Berlin 2005 Hotel suite of the future, all-scents-design, 4 scents Five+sensotel scent sculptures and scent capsules Christoph Hornetz Zurich, Switzerland (February); Innsbrueck, Austria (September); London, UK (November) 2005 Guilty and Orgasm aromas Visionaire exhibit and luxury set Marie Wright, Heston Blumenthol Art Basel, Miami, FL 2006 Virgin The Biggest Power Show performance Christoph Hornetz The Power of Scent exhibit, Coalwash Bldg Zollverein, Essen, Germany 2006 - 2007 15 fragrances Global tour of press conferences and exhibitions for the set of 15 artistic fragrance creations on Perfume, the story of a murderer Thierry Mugler, IFF, Constantin Film, Christoph Hornetz, Pierre Dulas Global tour, IFF, World Perfumery Congress, LA Fashion Museum 2006 - 2011 Virgin N°1 The First Virgin scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz Perfume, the story of a murderer show, Global tour, IFF, World Perfumery Congress, LA Fashion Museum (2006-2007) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2007 Orlan Corps, Saint Orlan, Baiser de l'artiste Baiser de l'artiste fine fragrance collection and scent sculptures Orlan Musée d'Art Contemporain de St Etienne Métropole, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France Gallerie Lambert, Avignon, France Le Plateau, Paris (2008) 2007 Jugendstil, Blanche Colombe #AA I. Jugendstil, Blanche Colombe #AA, aged 8 years scent parabole "Five Shades of Berlin," Reconstruction, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2007 Burlesque Burlesque scent sculpture and scent parabole Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) 2007 Elephant in Rut Elephant in Rut scent parabole Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) 2008 Glacier Glacier scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Happiness Happiness scent sculpture World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Six Continents Six Continents scent sculpture World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Artemis Artemis scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Swiss Heights Swiss Heights scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Magnolia & Sage Magnolia & Sage scent sculpture World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 Lavender Fields Lavender Fields scent sculpture World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 2008 The Plague Extinct and Impossible Smells scent sculptures and scent cartridges Cuchifritos Gallery, New York The Reg Vardy Gallery, Sunderland, UK Book by R. Blackson 2008 Hiroshima Extinct and Impossible Smells scent sculptures and scent cartridges Cuchifritos Gallery, New York The Reg Vardy Gallery, Sunderland, UK Book by R. Blackson 2008 3 fragrances The World Economic Forum scent sculptures Christoph Hornetz Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt 2008 2 fragrances, Club Design Fashion Show scent sculptures Christoph Hornetz University of the Arts, Berlin 2008 Butterfly Air Butterfly Air iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2013) 2008 Muguet Patch Muguet Patch installation Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2013) 2008 True Fake Cocaine Cocaine scent sculpture, scent parabole and scent square Christoph Hornetz Le Jardin d'Addiction scent installation, traveling show, France and Switzerland (2010) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2008 Mushroom Mushroom scent sculpture and scent square Le Jardin d'Addiction scent installation, traveling show, France and Switzerland (2010) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) 2008 GHB GHB scent sculpture and scent square Le Jardin d'Addiction scent installation, traveling show, France and Switzerland (2010) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) 2009 The Scent of Discovery Matthias Kessler Austria 2009 33 scent compositions Green Aria - A ScentOpera Stewart Matthew, Nico Muhly, Valgeir Sigurdsson Guggenheim Museums, New York and Bilbao, Spain 2010 10 scents: Tobacco, Whisky, Coffee, Cocaine, Marijuana, Hashish, GHB, Mushrooms, Wine, Opium Den Le Jardin d'Addiction (The Garden of Addictions) scent installation with glass sculpture and scent player Marie Pejus, Christophe Berdaguer, Christoph Hornetz Musée International de la Parfumarie, Grasse, France Musée des Civilisation, Marseilles, France Mudac, Lausanne, Switzerland Citée du vin Bordeaux, France L'Abbaye de Silcane, France 2010 Whiskey Whiskey scent sculpture and scent parabole Christoph Hornetz Le Jardin d'Addiction scent installation, traveling show, France and Switzerland (2010) The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2010 Opium Den Opium Den scent sculpture Le Jardin d'Addiction scent installation, traveling show, France and Switzerland Dillion Gallery, NYC Opium , Museum der Kulturen Basel, Switzerland (2015-2016) 2011 Scent installations for wax figures: Pope Benedict XVI, Julia Roberts, Barack Obama, the torture chamber Panoptikum Wachsfigurenkabinett, Hamburg, Germany 2011 Green and White Color in White exhibit Silke Schöner Dillon Gallery, NYC 2011 Burlesque After-Dinner Show - Burlesque scent sculpture and scent parabole Christoph Hornetz The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2011 Burlesque 50i II. Burlesque 50i, aged 3 years scent parabole "Five Shades of Berlin," Reconstruction, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2011 The Book Thief No3 9 The Book Thief No3 9 scent sculpture and scent parabole The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2011 Secret Grass Secret Grass scent sculpture and scent parabole Christoph Hornetz Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2011 Louis XIV Louis XIV scent track Masquerade Ball, Versailles, France 2011 Skeleton & Diamonds 2 Visionnaire skeleton art installation feat. Swarovski crystals Salone Internazionale del Mobile official show, Milan Italy 2012 The Banana and the Monkey The Banana and Monkey scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 The Last Virgin The Last Virgin scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 At Your Own Risk At Your Own Risk scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 Fear Fear scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 The Whip and the Orchid The Whip and the Orchid scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 Fragile Fragile scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 Remembrance of Things Lost Remembrance of Things Lost scent sculpture Phantosima - All About the Smell solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2012 Colored Grass #4 Colored Grass #4 scent sculpture Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2014) 2012 Chelsea Hotel #42 Chelsea Hotel #42 scent parabole Christoph Hornetz Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2012 Glue Glue scent square Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) 2013 Volatile Marilyn #5 Volatile Marilyn #5 iconosm Laurent E. Badessi Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2013 Hemingway in 6-Major Hemingway in 6-Major scent sculpture Hemingway in 6 Notes scent parabole Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2013 Fuller Helmets Fuller Helmets 2 scented helmets Christoph Hornetz Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2013 Al Germinal Arab Spring iconosm Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2013 Face Yourself Face Yourself iconosm Ultra Violet Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2013 Gone With The Wind Gone With The Wind iconosm (2013) and scent square (2014) Claudia Kallscheuer (2013), Jakob Kupfer (2014) Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2014) 2013 Lilies & Narcissus Lilies & Narcissus iconosm Chiho Akama Iconosms solo show, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2013 Leather Kings & Queens Leather Kings & Queens scent track, scent sculpture, scent parabole and scent square Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC (2014) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC (2017) The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2014 Bay Horse No.5 Bay Horse No.5 scent track Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC 2014 Roasted Piglets Roasted Piglets scent track Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC 2014 Sunbathing Devils Sunbathing Devils scent track Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC 2014 Feathers & Fur #6 Feathers & Fur #6 scent track Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC 2014 Frog Frog scent track Fantastical , Dillon Gallery, NYC 2014 Four Seasons Flower Four Seasons Flower scent square Jakob Kupfer Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Baby #13 Baby #13 scent parabole Christoph Hornetz "3 Shades of White," Emotions , Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 The Last Virgin #14 The Last Virgin #14 scent parabole Christoph Hornetz "3 Shades of White," Emotions , Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Volatile Marilyn #15 Volatile Marilyn #15 scent parabole "3 Shades of White," Emotions , Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Blue Sky & Sunshine Blue Sky & Sunshine scent sculpture Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Warm #3 Warm #3 scent parabole Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Kalt #2 Kalt #2 scent parabole Emotions solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2014 Linden #16 IV. Linden #16 scent parabole "Five Shades of Berlin," Reconstruction, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2014 Spacewood 40SU V. Spacewood 40SU scent parabole Christoph Hornetz "Five Shades of Berlin," Reconstruction, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2014 Ceci est un musk melon #6 Ceci est un musk melon #6 scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2015) 2015 New Narrative Experience Museum of the Moving Image, NYC Dillon Gallery, NYC Art Miami 2015 Memory: Witness of the Unimaginable Art and Science Gallery, Boston 2015 Verloren III. Verloren scent parabole "Five Shades of Berlin," Reconstruction, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2015 Real or Not Real TITQ #3 Real or Not Real TITQ #3 scent square installation Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2015 Feathers and Fur #10 Feathers and Fur #10 scent square installation Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2015 Face Yourself #A Face Yourself #A scent parabole Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2015 Face Yourself #B Face Yourself #B scent parabole Reconstruction solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2015 Beyond Opium Beyond Opium scent sculpture Christoph Hornetz Opium , Museum der Kulturen Basel, Switzerland (2015-2016) 2015 Toad in Grass Toad in Grass - Kröte im Grass scent parabole The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2016 1111111111111111XXX #3 1111111111111111XXX #3 scent sculpture Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2017 Real Green Fairy in Chelsea (Green Fairy - Grüne Fee) Cocktail - Real Green Fairy in Chelsea scent sculpture and scent parabole Ugo Charron Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2017 Sweat or Sex? Sweat or Sex? scent parabole Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2017 We Were All Once Liquid (Sperm and Egg) We Were All Once Liquid (Sperm and Egg) Over 21 solo exhibit, Dillon Gallery, NYC 2017 The Whip and the Orchid No.9 The Whip and the Orchid No.9 scent parabole The First Scent Supper Menu solo show, Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2018) 2018 The Apple and The Horse Flipbook for the Nose installation Dmitry Rindberg, Ugo Charron, Tanya Tabachnik, Stuart Firestein Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2018 Community Flipbook for the Nose installation Ugo Charron, Dmitry Rindberg, Tanya Tabachnik, Stuart Firestein Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2018 5 scent set Social Media N01 scent player and exhibit Grasse Jasmine extinct production LMR(R), Bergamot Essence Capua(R) Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2018 Tree of Life No. 72 Tree of Life No. 72 scent sculpture Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2019) 2018 A Pair of Scent Fountains A Pair of Scent Fountains pneumatic system Dmitri Rinberg Mianki Gallery, Berlin (2020) 2019 Portrait of a Great Lady: Monique Remy Portrait of a Great Lady: Monique Remy scent installation and scent square Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2020 12 scents Scent Chandelier Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2020 New York 2020 New York 2020 scent parabole Mianki Gallery, Berlin 2021 Black and White Mambo N°5 Scent Paraboles: Black and White Mambo N°5 Olfactory Art Keller, New York Awards [ edit ] Perfumery Awards [ edit ] No. Year Organization Award Fragrance 1 2003 Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW) Home Fragrance Award Black Elton John Candle 2 2003 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , USA Men's Prestige Fragrance of the Year [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Polo Blue for Men 3 2003 American Society of Perfumers ASP Perfumers Choice Award (1 personal award, 2 nominations) 4 2004 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , Spain Prestige Men's Fragrance Polo Blue for Men 5 2004 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , USA Interior Scent Collection of the Year [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Elton Rocks by Elton John 6 2005 Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) , Inc. Rising Star Award Nominee 7 2006 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , USA Bath & Body Line of the Year [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Island Michael Kors 8 2007 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , UK Special Award for "Education and Innovation" for the Perfumes of Perfume 9 2007 Duftstars, Germany Nominee Exclusiv Damen Youth Dew Amber Nude, Tom Ford 10 2007 Dufstars, Germany Nominee Prestige Damen Burberry London for Women 11 2008 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , Canada Basenotes.net & Canadian Fragrance Awards: Best Media Editorial Award to Marian Bendeth for article on Les Christophs 12 2010 The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , USA Technological Innovation of the Year Nominee Scent Organ for the Guggenheim 13 2012 Art Miami Senior Curator's Choice Air Sculpture® installations Fear , Volatile Marylin, and The Whip and the Orchid 14 2014 The Fragrance Foundation FiFi Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) , USA Finalist White Sandalwood by Nest Fragrances 15 2015 Colognoisseur Perfumer of the Year [7] (#cite_note-7) 16 2015 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Independent Category Award Finalist, [8] (#cite_note-8) Fine Fragrance Pashay by Raymond Matts 17 2017 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Exceptional Contribution to Scent Culture Award Winner [9] (#cite_note-9) 18 2018 Perfumed Plume Award NYC Digital Media Award Winner [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) with Keap Brooklyn [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) for "Fragrance Transparency: The incredible artistry behind the creation of a fragrance" [12] (#cite_note-12) 19 2018 Perfumed Plume Award NYC Digital Media Award Finalist [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) with Keap Brooklyn [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) for "Fragrance Transparency: Natural vs. Synthetics" [13] (#cite_note-13) 20 2018 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Artisan Category Award Winner [14] (#cite_note-14) Club Design by The Zoo 21 2018 ÇaFleureBon Best Scent You Have Never Heard Of 2018 Winner Spacewood by The Zoo 22 2018 Perfumes - The Guide by Tanja Sanchez and Luca Turin 2018 star system Club Design, The Zoo 5-stars Community, The Zoo Rehubarb My Love, The Zoo Everlasting, The Zoo 4-stars 23 2019 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Independent Category Award Winner [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) 2019 Rich Mess 24 2019 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Artisan Category Finalist [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) Carré Blanc 25 2022 The Art and Olfaction Awards (/wiki/The_Art_and_Olfaction_Awards) Independent Category Award Winner 2022 Saskia by Grandiflora 26 2022 ÇaFleureBon Best Scent Winner Saskia by Grandiflora Scientific Awards [ edit ] No. Date Organization Award 1 1986 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique) Special National CNRS Award 2 1986 Médaille de la Ville Chermont-Ferrand, France City Medal 3 1986 Médaille du Département du Puy-de-Dôme General Council Medal 4 1986 Chemistry Olympiads, Paris France National Winner 5 1988 International Chemistry Olympiad (/wiki/International_Chemistry_Olympiad) , Finland Bronze Medal 6 1991 Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) National Fellowship Winner 7 1999 Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) R&D Special Recognition Award and Senior Perfumer Publications [ edit ] Scholia (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia) has a profile for Christophe Laudamiel (Q5111777) . Laudamiel, C. (2007). Creative Processes in Perfumery. In F. Berthoud, F. Ghozland, & S. d’Auber (Eds.), Stakes & professions in perfumery (pp. 97–103). Toulouse, France: Editions d’Assalit. Laudamiel, C. (2009). Haute Perfumery and Haute Cuisine. In H. Blumenthal, The Fat Duck cookbook (pp. 478–482). London: Bloomsbury. Laudamiel, C., Hornetz, C., Braja, M., & Patel, S. (2008). From Virgin Education to Real Education. In P. Kraft & Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain); Society of Chemical Industry (Great Britain) (Eds.), Current topics in flavor and fragrance research (pp. 329–339). Weinheim; Chichester: Wiley-VCH. Laudamiel, C., Hornetz, C., Mookherjee, B. D., & Patel, S. (2008). From Virgin Education to Real Education. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5(6), 1159–1169. Laudamiel, C. (2010). Perfumery – The Wizardy of Volatile Molecules. In A. Herrmann (Ed.), The Chemistry and Biology of Volatiles (pp. 291–305). Chichester: Wiley. Laudamiel, C. (2016). Liberté, Égalité, Fragrancité: a fragrance manifesto. https://d3ciwvs59ifrt8.cloudfront.net/feef7663-5ef9-49cf-872f-5ca23732cc29/9cbdfb91-27ac-4c56-8500-086d065a7eeb.pdf (https://d3ciwvs59ifrt8.cloudfront.net/feef7663-5ef9-49cf-872f-5ca23732cc29/9cbdfb91-27ac-4c56-8500-086d065a7eeb.pdf) Laudamiel, C., Tracy, S., & Doull, H. (2018). Fragrance Transparency: Natural vs Synthetics. Keap Matchbook Blog. Retrieved from https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-natural-vs-synthetic-perfumes-candles-scents-scented-better-safer-sustainable (https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-natural-vs-synthetic-perfumes-candles-scents-scented-better-safer-sustainable) [Finalist, Perfumed Plume Award 2018, New York City] Laudamiel, C., & Tracy, S. (2018). Fragrance Transparency: The incredible artistry behind the creation of a fragrance. Keap Matchbook Blog. Retrieved from https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-the-incredible-artistry-behind-the-creation-of-a-fragrance-green-market (https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-the-incredible-artistry-behind-the-creation-of-a-fragrance-green-market) [Winner, Perfumed Plume Award 2018, New York City] Parma, Valentina; Ohla, Kathrin; Veldhuizen, Maria G; Niv, Masha Y; Kelly, Christine E; Bakke, Alyssa J; Cooper, Keiland W; Bouysset, Cédric; Pirastu, Nicola; Dibattista, Michele; Kaur, Rishemjit; Liuzza, Marco Tullio; Pepino, Marta Y; Schöpf, Veronika; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Olsson, Shannon B; Gerkin, Richard C; Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma; Albayay, Javier; Farruggia, Michael C; Bhutani, Surabhi; Fjaeldstad, Alexander W; Kumar, Ritesh; Menini, Anna; Bensafi, Moustafa; Sandell, Mari; Konstantinidis, Iordanis; Di Pizio, Antonella; Genovese, Federica; Öztürk, Lina; Thomas-Danguin, Thierry; Frasnelli, Johannes; Boesveldt, Sanne; Saatci, Özlem; Saraiva, Luis R; Lin, Cailu; Golebiowski, Jérôme; Hwang, Liang-Dar; Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan; Guàrdia, Maria Dolors; Laudamiel, Christophe; Ritchie, Marina; Havlícek, Jan; Pierron, Denis; Roura, Eugeni; Navarro, Marta; Nolden, Alissa A; Lim, Juyun; Whitcroft, Katherine L; Colquitt, Lauren R; Ferdenzi, Camille; Brindha, Evelyn V; Altundag, Aytug; Macchi, Alberto; Nunez-Parra, Alexia; Patel, Zara M; Fiorucci, Sébastien; Philpott, Carl M; Smith, Barry C; Lundström, Johan N; Mucignat, Carla; Parker, Jane K; van den Brink, Mirjam; Schmuker, Michael; Fischmeister, Florian Ph S; Heinbockel, Thomas; Shields, Vonnie D C; Faraji, Farhoud; Santamaría, Enrique; Fredborg, William E A; Morini, Gabriella; Olofsson, Jonas K; Jalessi, Maryam; Karni, Noam; D’Errico, Anna; Alizadeh, Rafieh; Pellegrino, Robert; Meyer, Pablo; Huart, Caroline; Chen, Ben; Soler, Graciela M; Alwashahi, Mohammed K; Welge-Lüssen, Antje; Freiherr, Jessica; de Groot, Jasper H B; Klein, Hadar; Okamoto, Masako; Singh, Preet Bano; Hsieh, Julien W; Abdulrahman, Olagunju; Dalton, Pamela; Yan, Carol H; Voznessenskaya, Vera V; Chen, Jingguo; Sell, Elizabeth A; Walsh-Messinger, Julie; Archer, Nicholas S; Koyama, Sachiko; Deary, Vincent; Roberts, S Craig; Yanık, Hüseyin; Albayrak, Samet; Nováková, Lenka Martinec; Croijmans, Ilja; Mazal, Patricia Portillo; Moein, Shima T; Margulis, Eitan; Mignot, Coralie; Mariño, Sajidxa; Georgiev, Dejan; Kaushik, Pavan K; Malnic, Bettina; Wang, Hong; Seyed-Allaei, Shima; Yoluk, Nur; Razzaghi-Asl, Sara; Justice, Jeb M; Restrepo, Diego; Reed, Danielle R; Hummel, Thomas; Munger, Steven D; Hayes, John E (2020-06-20). "More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337664) . Chemical Senses (/wiki/Chemical_Senses) . 45 (7). Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) (OUP): 609–622. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fchemse%2Fbjaa041) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0379-864X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0379-864X) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7337664 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337664) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32564071 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32564071) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 218538840 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218538840) . Parma, Valentina; Ohla, Kathrin; Veldhuizen, Maria G; Niv, Masha Y; Kelly, Christine E; Bakke, Alyssa J; Cooper, Keiland W; Bouysset, Cédric; Pirastu, Nicola; Dibattista, Michele; Kaur, Rishemjit; Liuzza, Marco Tullio; Pepino, Marta Y; Schöpf, Veronika; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Olsson, Shannon B; Gerkin, Richard C; Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma; Albayay, Javier; Farruggia, Michael C; Bhutani, Surabhi; Fjaeldstad, Alexander W; Kumar, Ritesh; Menini, Anna; Bensafi, Moustafa; Sandell, Mari; Konstantinidis, Iordanis; Di Pizio, Antonella; Genovese, Federica; Öztürk, Lina; Thomas-Danguin, Thierry; Frasnelli, Johannes; Boesveldt, Sanne; Saatci, Özlem; Saraiva, Luis R; Lin, Cailu; Golebiowski, Jérôme; Hwang, Liang-Dar; Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan; Guàrdia, Maria Dolors; Laudamiel, Christophe; Ritchie, Marina; Havlícek, Jan; Pierron, Denis; Roura, Eugeni; Navarro, Marta; Nolden, Alissa A; Lim, Juyun; Whitcroft, Katherine L; Colquitt, Lauren R; Ferdenzi, Camille; Brindha, Evelyn V; Altundag, Aytug; Macchi, Alberto; Nunez-Parra, Alexia; Patel, Zara M; Fiorucci, Sébastien; Philpott, Carl M; Smith, Barry C; Lundström, Johan N; Mucignat, Carla; Parker, Jane K; van den Brink, Mirjam; Schmuker, Michael; Fischmeister, Florian Ph S; Heinbockel, Thomas; Shields, Vonnie D C; Faraji, Farhoud; Santamaría, Enrique; Fredborg, William E A; Morini, Gabriella; Olofsson, Jonas K; Jalessi, Maryam; Karni, Noam; D’Errico, Anna; Alizadeh, Rafieh; Pellegrino, Robert; Meyer, Pablo; Huart, Caroline; Chen, Ben; Soler, Graciela M; Alwashahi, Mohammed K; Welge-Lüssen, Antje; Freiherr, Jessica; de Groot, Jasper H B; Klein, Hadar; Okamoto, Masako; Singh, Preet Bano; Hsieh, Julien W; Abdulrahman, Olagunju; Dalton, Pamela; Yan, Carol H; Voznessenskaya, Vera V; Chen, Jingguo; Sell, Elizabeth A; Walsh-Messinger, Julie; Archer, Nicholas S; Koyama, Sachiko; Deary, Vincent; Roberts, S Craig; Yanık, Hüseyin; Albayrak, Samet; Nováková, Lenka Martinec; Croijmans, Ilja; Mazal, Patricia Portillo; Moein, Shima T; Margulis, Eitan; Mignot, Coralie; Mariño, Sajidxa; Georgiev, Dejan; Kaushik, Pavan K; Malnic, Bettina; Wang, Hong; Seyed-Allaei, Shima; Yoluk, Nur; Razzaghi-Asl, Sara; Justice, Jeb M; Restrepo, Diego; Reed, Danielle R; Hummel, Thomas; Munger, Steven D; Hayes, John E (2021-01-01). "Corrigendum to: More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689756) . Chemical Senses (/wiki/Chemical_Senses) . 46 . Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) (OUP). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/chemse/bjab050 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fchemse%2Fbjab050) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0379-864X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0379-864X) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8689756 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689756) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 245025840 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245025840) . Parma, V., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M., ... Laudamiel, C. (adv. access Dec 2020). Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19: a preregistered, cross-sectional study. Chemical Senses, 2021, Vol 46, 1–12 Ravia, A., Snitz, K., ... Laudamiel, C.,...Sobel N. (2020) A measure of smell enables the creation of olfactory metamers, Nature 588(7836):118-123. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Roto Pharmaceutical scientifically verifies "scent" and pursues new value! The world's first "olfactory communication lab" born from sensuous design" (https://re-how.net/press_releases/27315/) . Japan NEWS . 2019-05-22 . Retrieved 2019-07-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "ECPM Strasbourg – Ecole de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux de Strasbourg" (http://www-ecpm.u-strasbg.fr) . Ecpm.u-strasbg.fr . Retrieved 2012-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) US Patents US-6699823-B2 (https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/image-conversion/convert?url=uspat/US/06/699/823/00000001.tif) US-6740713-B1 (https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/image-conversion/convert?url=uspat/US/06/740/713/00000001.tif) US-6834847-B2 (https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/image-conversion/convert?url=uspat/US/06/834/847/00000001.tif) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Women's Wear Daily , full acknowledgment page from Ralph Lauren, June 13, 2003, https://wwd.com/wp-content/uploads/2003/06/issue-833831.pdf (https://wwd.com/wp-content/uploads/2003/06/issue-833831.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Art and Olfaction Awards › All Judges" (http://www.artandolfactionawards.org/judges/all-judges/) . The Art and Olfaction Awards . Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c ffadmin. "WINNERS" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190622225122/http://www.fragrance.org/fragrance-awards/usa-winners/) . The Fragrance Foundation . Archived from the original (http://www.fragrance.org/fragrance-awards/usa-winners/) on 2019-06-22 . Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "December 2015" (https://colognoisseur.com/2015/12/) . Colognoisseur . Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Art and Olfaction Awards › 2015 Award Ceremony" (http://www.artandolfactionawards.org/archive/2015-award/) . The Art and Olfaction Awards . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Art and Olfaction Awards › 2015 Winners and Finalists" (http://www.artandolfactionawards.org/winners-finalists/2015-winners-and-finalists/) . The Art and Olfaction Awards . Retrieved 2019-08-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Perfume Stories" (http://perfumedplume.com/perfume-stories-2018.html) . perfumedplume.com . Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Sustainable Scented Candles | Made in Brooklyn | Keap ®" (https://www.keapbk.com/) . Keap . Retrieved 2019-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Fragrance Transparency: The incredible artistry behind the creation of a fragrance" (https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-the-incredible-artistry-behind-the-creation-of-a-fragrance-green-market) . Keap . Retrieved 2019-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Fragrance Transparency: Natural vs Synthetics" (https://www.keapbk.com/blogs/keap/fragrance-transparency-natural-vs-synthetic-perfumes-candles-scents-scented-better-safer-sustainable) . Keap . Retrieved 2019-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The Art and Olfaction Awards › 2018 Finalists + Winners" (http://www.artandolfactionawards.org/2018overview/2018-finalists/) . The Art and Olfaction Awards . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Art and Olfaction Awards › 2019 Finalists" (http://www.artandolfactionawards.org/2019overview/2019-finalists/) . The Art and Olfaction Awards . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . "A French chemistry champ who went from MIT to Procter & Gamble to the perfume industry wants to educate your nose – The Boston Globe" (http://www.boston.com/yourlife/articles/2007/02/22/making_perfect_scents/) . Boston.com . 2007-02-22 . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Alter, Alexandra (2009-05-20). "This Opera Hasn't Even Opened, But We Know It Smells – WSJ" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124277733367437141) . Online.wsj.com . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Barry Neild (2008-01-24). "Smelly Davos unveils new world odor" (http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/01/23/davos.perfume/index.html) . CNN.com . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Barwich, A.S. (2020). Smellosophy: What the Nose Tells the Mind . Harvard University Press. pp. 116–118, 126, 272, 286, 292, 297. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0674983694 . "Brainwave: What Does Ecstasy Smell Like? | The New York Academy of Sciences" (http://www.nyas.org/Events/SCDetail.aspx?cid=d6b24906-6500-41da-ad4a-8f9ffae5670a) . Nyas.org . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Бузова, Ольга. Цена Счачтья . pp. 176–179. de Cupere, Peter - curator (2015). The Smell of War . pp. 33–35. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789082251630 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789082251630) Danner, Alexa. "Scents and sensibility: Companies woo consumers with fragrant products — JSCMS" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141102232341/http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2008-05-13/danner-scent.html) . Jscms.jrn.columbia.edu . Archived from the original (http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2008-05-13/danner-scent.html) on 2014-11-02 . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Fairley, Jo (2020). "A Manifesto For Change: Maverick and Magician" (https://perfumesociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/SL44.OnlineIssue-compressed2.pdf) (PDF) . The Scented Letter . pg 36-39: The Perfume Society. {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : CS1 maint: location ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location) ) IFRA UK. (2020). "A nose for discovery." Olfaction: A Journey . pp. 38–39. Jaquet, Chantal - ed. (2015). L'Art olfactive contemporain . Classiques Garnier. pp. 51, 84, 90–91, 156, 245. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2812435515 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |first= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) Laudamiel, Christophe - guest editor (2007). "Parfum issue #26". aRude . {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : |first= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) Parfümerie. "Parfümerie: Jungfrauenduft und Jauchenaroma" (http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/leute/parfuemerie-jungfrauenduft-und-jauchenaroma-570652.html) . Stern.De (in German) . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Shiner, Larry (2020). Art Scents: Exploring the Aesthetics of Smell and the Olfactory Arts . Oxford University Press. pp. 1, 191–192, 167–173, 178–179, 238–241, 246–247, 286. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780190089818 . Burr, Chandler (19 November 2006). "Smellbound" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/19/magazine/19style_perfume.t.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2016-07-09 . Turin, Luca and Sanchez, Tania (2018). Perfumes: The Guide . Perfüümista ÖÜ. pp. 94–97, 126, 236, 257–258. 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Australian shoe manufacturer Aquila Shoes Industry Shoes Founded 1958 ( 1958 ) Founder Tony Longo Headquarters Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Number of locations 30 Area served Australia and New Zealand Key people Vance Dickie Products Shoes, Wallets, Socks, Belts Brands Aquila Website www.aquila.com.au Aquila Shoes is an Australian shoe (/wiki/Shoe) manufacturing company founded in 1958 by Antonio Longo. He was born in San Marco in Lamis (/wiki/San_Marco_in_Lamis) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) on 18 October 1920 before he immigrated to Australia (/wiki/Australia) in 1949. [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] Aquila Shoes began producing Italian men's footwear in a small Melbourne workshop in 1958. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) On 1 December 1964, Aquila opened a new factory and manufacturing plant in the inner Melbourne suburb of North Fitzroy (/wiki/Fitzroy_North,_Victoria) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The factory manufactured 100,000 pairs of shoes per year at full capacity. [ citation needed ] In 1969 the company announced plans to join the Melbourne Stock Exchange (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) via a backdoor listing (/wiki/Backdoor_listing) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The company opened its first retail store in 1975 in Melbourne's central business district (/wiki/Central_business_district) . Later in 1975, a second store was opened in Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) . Over the next few decades, the company expanded its retail operations across Australia and New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) . The founder, Tony Longo, died in 1989 at the age of 68 or 69. The business was continued by his sons. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2012, Aquila expanded into menswear and fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2016, Aquila significantly grew in size, doubling their amount of physical locations via an expansion strategy that included a partnership for in-store concessions with department store chain Myer (/wiki/Myer) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In the same year, Blue Sky Alternative Investments acquired a 70 percent stake in the company for A$25.2 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) As of 2022, Aquila operated 55 retail stores in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , and Perth (/wiki/Perth) . In November 2022, Aquila's ownership began to explore selling the company. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b Sotiropoulos, Dimitri (7 May 2018). "From the source: Luke Longo, CEO, Aquila" (https://insideretail.com.au/news/from-the-source-luke-longo-ceo-aquila-201805) . InsideRetail . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Aquila move for listing" (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/136942762) . Canberra Times . 8 July 1969 . Retrieved 4 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mitchell, Vanessa (28 October 2019). "How Aquila is rebranding for the casual bloke" (https://www.cmo.com.au/article/667784/how-aquila-rebranding-casual-bloke/) . CMO . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Phillips, Jack (18 August 2015). "Aquila On The State Of Australian Menswear" (https://www.gq.com.au/style/aquila-on-the-state-of-australian-menswear/news-story/719413ba380b5906e5ea7308b39f8e10) . gq.com.au . Retrieved 19 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Greenblat, Eli (1 October 2016). "Cashed-up Aquila to double store network" (https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/cashedup-aquila-to-double-store-network/news-story/c108ef8832a4bd44bcb2660795354ab1) . The Australian . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Shapiro, Jonathan (12 April 2018). "Blue Sky's Aquila shoe stake raises more questions" (https://www.afr.com/companies/financial-services/blue-sky-aquila-investment-raises-more-questions-20180412-h0yobx) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 4 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) MacDonald, Anthony; Thompson, Sarah; Sood, Kanika (2 November 2022). "Shoe retailer Aquila hires adviser to explore sale, talks underway" (https://www.afr.com/street-talk/shoe-retailer-aquila-hires-adviser-to-explore-sale-talks-underway-20221102-p5buxy) . The Australian Financial Review . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.aquila.com.au/) This article about an Australian corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Reb'l Fleur Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Released January 25, 2011 Label Parlux Fragrances Tagline (/wiki/Tagline) Bad feels so good Successor Rebelle (/wiki/Rebelle_(fragrance)) Website Perfumes by Rihanna (http://perfumesbyrihanna.com) Reb'l Fleur is the first fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) for women endorsed by Barbadian (/wiki/Barbadians) singer Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . The fragrance was promoted with the accompanying tagline (/wiki/Tagline) "Bad feels so good". Reb'l Fleur was released in the United States on January 25, 2011, and in the United Kingdom on August 19, 2011. The product was positively received upon its release, and it became highly successful. [1] (#cite_note-RS-1) Background [ edit ] In 2009, Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) signed a deal with Parlux Fragrances that involved launching scents for Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) and Rihanna. [2] (#cite_note-MTV2-2) In reference to the deal, Jay-Z stated "We are excited for the opportunity to partner with Parlux and their management team in the launch of these dynamic new brands". [2] (#cite_note-MTV2-2) According to Frederick E. Purches, the founder of Parlux Fragrances, when perfume designers first met with Rihanna, they commented on her "unique scent". [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) Rihanna disclosed to the designers that she had created it by mixing and layering five different scents. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) The perfume designers then analyzed the five fragrances and incorporated them into the final formula for the Reb'l Fleur fragrance. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) Promotion [ edit ] The official promotional and interactive video for Reb'l Fleur was directed by Anthony Mandler and released on February 11, 2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) The commercial features Rihanna taking a walk through a garden maze and interacting with a "tuxedo-clad seducer." James Dinh from MTV (/wiki/MTV) reacted positively to the commercial, which had a duration of two minutes, lauding Rihanna for "creating an ultra-sexy and sleek atmosphere". [5] (#cite_note-5) Billboards advertising the fragrance were scheduled for month-long runs; one began on February 7, 2011, on Sunset Boulevard (/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard) in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , while another began running in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) on February 14, 2011. Beginning in April, 2011, an edited 30-second version of the promotional video for Reb'l Fleur was scheduled to be screened in 363 movie theaters for three months. Representatives for the fragrance had planned to hand moviegoers scented cards as they exited the theaters. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) Rihanna made an in-store appearance at the Macy's Department Store in Lakewood, California (/wiki/Lakewood,_California) , for the official launch of Reb'l Fleur on February 18, 2011. [6] (#cite_note-6) The fragrance was also heavily marketed via social media platforms such as Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) [7] (#cite_note-7) and Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [8] (#cite_note-8) On August 19, 2011, Rihanna officially launched the perfume in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) at the House of Fraser (/wiki/House_of_Fraser) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Information [ edit ] "My grandmother in Barbados used to call me her Rebel Flower, over the years, I layered many different scents to get something that was truly my own. But I wanted…something that said 'Rihanna was here.' Something delicious and special, a fragrance with subtle hints that linger and leave a sexy memory." - Rihanna speaks to People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) about Reb'l Fleur. [10] (#cite_note-People-10) The fragrance bottle was modeled after the design of a stiletto heel. Reb'l Fleur was officially released in the United States on January 25, 2011. [10] (#cite_note-People-10) It was exclusively released at Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) Department Stores. [11] (#cite_note-11) The product is sold in 1.7 and 3.4 fluid ounce bottles at a retail price of $49.00 and $59.00 respectively. The collection also features a bottle of body lotion, which is sold at a retail price of $30.00. [12] (#cite_note-12) Reb'l Fleur products are also available online through Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) official website. [13] (#cite_note-13) Packaging and scent [ edit ] Reb'l Fleur's scent is fresh with ripe fruits and sumptuous florals. It also includes a "musky mix of vanilla, patchouli and amber". [10] (#cite_note-People-10) The bottle, which was designed to be "as dramatically unique as a Rihanna performance", was inspired by the shape of a stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) due to Rihanna's fondness for them. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) The side of the bottle features a twisting matte black "ribbon". [14] (#cite_note-About-14) Reception [ edit ] Reb'l Fleur was positively received by critics upon its release and distribution. Catherine Helbig from About.com (/wiki/About.com) called the fragrance "sexy and memorable," commenting that "Reb’l Fleur is as much in tune with Barbados-born Rihanna’s roots as it is with the glamour of her present life in New York City." [14] (#cite_note-About-14) Helbig concluded her review by praising the fragrance bottle, describing it as "edgy" with "an extra touch of glam." [14] (#cite_note-About-14) Melanie Dee from Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) called the fragrance "a complete winner in [her] book" and concluded that if "Rihanna keeps pumping out scents this good, I will have a new favorite in the celebrity scent department." [15] (#cite_note-Yahoo!-15) According to Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , Reb'l Fleur was a financial success, expecting to gross a total of US$80 million at retail by the end of 2011. [1] (#cite_note-RS-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Nika, Colleen (November 21, 2011). "Rihanna Rebels With New Fragrance, Shocking Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111123011551/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/rihanna-rebels-with-new-fragrance-shocking-shoes-20111121) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . Archived from the original (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/rihanna-rebels-with-new-fragrance-shocking-shoes-20111121) on November 23, 2011 . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Alwill, Cara (April 8, 2009). "Kanye West, Rihanna Releasing Fragrances Via Jay-Z Deal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110113040523/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1608803/kanye-west-rihanna-releasing-fragrances.jhtml) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1608803/kanye-west-rihanna-releasing-fragrances.jhtml) on January 13, 2011 . Retrieved April 14, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "For Rihanna's Perfume, a Video Meant for Rewatching" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/business/media/10adco.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . February 9, 2011 . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Reb'l Fleur by Rihanna" (http://www.rihannareblfleur.com/) . Rihannareblfleur.com . Parlux Fragrances . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dinh, James (February 11, 2011). "Rihanna's Reb'l Fleur Spot: How Does It Compare To Other Pop-Star Fragrance Ads?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110214131819/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1657745/rihanna-rebl-fleur-ad.jhtml) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1657745/rihanna-rebl-fleur-ad.jhtml) on February 14, 2011 . Retrieved April 14, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wilson, Julee (July 16, 2012). "Rihanna's Style Evolution" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/16/rihanna-river-island_n_1677755.html#slide=705535) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rihanna Fragrances on Facebook" (https://www.facebook.com/FragrancesbyRiRi/) . Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rihanna Fragrances on Twitter" (https://twitter.com/perfumesbyriri) . Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Lazarine, Devine (August 19, 2011). "Rihanna Launches Fragrance in the U.K." (http://www.rap-up.com/2011/08/19/rihanna-launches-fragrance-in-the-uk/) Rap-Up (/wiki/Rap-Up) . Retrieved August 19, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Choi, Hana (January 7, 2011). "Rihanna to Launch Her First Fragrance, Reb'l Fleur" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121114114320/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/01/07/rihanna-perfume-rebl-fleur-rebel-fleur/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/01/07/rihanna-perfume-rebl-fleur-rebel-fleur/) on November 14, 2012 . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Reb'l Fleur: Rihanna to Release Signature Scent" (http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2011/01/rebl-fleur-rihanna-to-release-signature-scent/) . The Hollywood Gossip . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Parlux Fragrances, Inc" (http://www.parlux.com/) . Parlux.com . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Reb'l Fleur by Rihanna Fragrance Collection for Women" (http://www1.macys.com/shop/product/rebl-fleur-by-rihanna-fragrance-collection-for-women?ID=531396) . Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) . Retrieved July 16, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Helbig, Catherine. "Review of Rihanna's Perfume Reb'l Fleur" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111007002836/http://beauty.about.com/od/celebrityfragrances/fr/Review-Of-Rihannas-Perfume-Reb-L-Fleur.htm) . About.com (/wiki/About.com) . Archived from the original (http://beauty.about.com/od/celebrityfragrances/fr/Review-Of-Rihannas-Perfume-Reb-L-Fleur.htm) on October 7, 2011 . Retrieved April 14, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Yahoo!_15-0) Dee, Melanie. "Review of Reb'l Fleur by Rihanna, Perfume for Women" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140619185910/http://voices.yahoo.com/review-rebl-fleur-rihanna-perfume-7704238.html) . Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) . Archived from the original (http://voices.yahoo.com/review-rebl-fleur-rihanna-perfume-7704238.html) on June 19, 2014 . Retrieved April 29, 2012 . v t e Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Albums (/wiki/Rihanna_albums_discography) Singles (/wiki/Rihanna_singles_discography) Videography (/wiki/Rihanna_videography) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Rihanna) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Rihanna_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Rihanna) Studio albums Music of the Sun (/wiki/Music_of_the_Sun) A Girl Like Me (/wiki/A_Girl_Like_Me_(Rihanna_album)) Good Girl Gone Bad (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad) Reloaded Rated R (/wiki/Rated_R_(Rihanna_album)) Loud (/wiki/Loud_(Rihanna_album)) Talk That Talk (/wiki/Talk_That_Talk) Unapologetic (/wiki/Unapologetic) Anti (/wiki/Anti_(album)) Soundtrack albums Home (/wiki/Home_(soundtrack)) Black Panther: Wakanda Forever – Music from and Inspired By (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_(soundtrack)#Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_–_Music_from_and_Inspired_By) Remix albums Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad:_The_Remixes) Rated R: Remixed (/wiki/Rated_R:_Remixed) Video albums Good Girl Gone Bad Live (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Live) Loud Tour Live at the O2 (/wiki/Loud_Tour_Live_at_the_O2) Rihanna 777 Documentary... 7Countries7Days7Shows (/wiki/Rihanna_777_Documentary..._7Countries7Days7Shows) Performances Rihanna: Live in Concert (/wiki/Rihanna:_Live_in_Concert) Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Tour) A Girl's Night Out (/wiki/A_Girl%27s_Night_Out) Last Girl on Earth (/wiki/Last_Girl_on_Earth) Loud Tour (/wiki/Loud_Tour) Diamonds World Tour (/wiki/Diamonds_World_Tour) The Monster Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Tour_(Eminem_and_Rihanna)) Anti World Tour (/wiki/Anti_World_Tour) Super Bowl LVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVII_halftime_show) Retail Rihanna (book) (/wiki/Rihanna_(book)) Reb'l Fleur Rebelle (/wiki/Rebelle_(fragrance)) Nude (/wiki/Nude_by_Rihanna) Rogue (/wiki/Rogue_by_Rihanna) Fenty X Puma (/wiki/Fenty_X_Puma) Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) Fenty (fashion house) (/wiki/Fenty_(fashion_house)) Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) Savage X Fenty Show (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty_Show) Related topics Clara Lionel Foundation (/wiki/Clara_Lionel_Foundation) Styled to Rock British TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(British_TV_series)) American TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(American_TV_series)) Category (/wiki/Category:Rihanna) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐5n5c2 Cached time: 20240716042412 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.334 seconds Real time usage: 0.389 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1386/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43625/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2852/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 68484/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4015772/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 344.356 1 -total 47.36% 163.078 1 Template:Reflist 38.45% 132.388 13 Template:Cite_web 28.16% 96.960 1 Template:Rihanna 27.56% 94.913 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 16.55% 57.002 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 15.88% 54.685 1 Template:Infobox 4.91% 16.898 1 Template:Quote_box 2.86% 9.835 1 Template:Icon 2.70% 9.302 1 Template:URL Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30702857-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716042412 and revision id 1231360113. 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German peaked cap Prince Henry corduroy cap Prince Henry's original cap (left) in Kiel (/wiki/Kiel) city museum The Prince Henry cap ( German (/wiki/German_language) : Prinz-Heinrich-Mütze ), sometimes Prince Henry hat or Prince Heinrich cap , is a peaked cap (/wiki/Peaked_cap) which is named after the Imperial German Grand Admiral (/wiki/Grand_Admiral) Prince Henry of Prussia (/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Prussia_(1862%E2%80%931929)) (1862–1929), the younger brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II (/wiki/Wilhelm_II_(German_Empire)) ("Kaiser Bill"). The Prince Henry cap goes back to the headgear of the Imperial Yacht Club (/wiki/Kiel_Yacht_Club) , which in turn was based on the uniform cap of the German Imperial Navy (/wiki/German_Imperial_Navy) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The body of the cap used to be made of pure wool (/wiki/Wool) , today it is often replaced by synthetic fibre components; corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) has also been a common material since the 1950s. Oak (/wiki/Oak) leaf embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) as well as braided (/wiki/Braid) or twisted hat cord (/wiki/Hat_cord) usually adorn the hat band and peak. The colours of the caps usually range from dark blue to gray to black. Other primary colours, such as brown and green, are produced less frequently. The characteristics of the Prince Henry cap that distinguish it from other similar caps such as e.g. the mariner's cap (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) , are the high hat band and the stiff, relatively small crown. Its diameter is only slightly larger than that of the hat band and is approximately the same size on all sides. Examples [ edit ] Helmut Schmidt (/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt) and Erich Honecker (/wiki/Erich_Honecker) with typical headgear. Schmidt wears a Helgoland pilot's cap (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) , which is very similar to a Prince Henry cap. The German chancellor, Helmut Schmidt (/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt) , made the cap popular in Germany because he wore a Hanseatic (/wiki/Hanseatic) hat, actually a Heligoland pilot's cap (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) from Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , which was often called a Prince Henry cap because of its similar shape. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Stadtmuseum sucht das Vorbild der legendären Prinz-Heinrich-Mütze ["City Museum Looks for the Prototype of the Legendary Prince Henry Cap"] dated 10 May 2013, retrieved 13 June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Website of the Hamburg cap maker Eisenberg (//www.muetzenmacher-hamburg.de/kleine-koenige.php) , retrieved 15 April 2015. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐c5hp6 Cached time: 20240710210222 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.147 seconds Real time usage: 0.197 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 198/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1134/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 274/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 978/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.105/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14244932/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 167.677 1 -total 59.42% 99.634 1 Template:Lang-de 40.51% 67.922 1 Template:Short_description 25.04% 41.987 2 Template:Pagetype 8.29% 13.895 2 Template:Main_other 6.75% 11.321 1 Template:SDcat 1.33% 2.227 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73376564-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710210222 and revision id 1217304166. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_cap&oldid=1217304166 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Henry_cap&oldid=1217304166) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Caps (/wiki/Category:Caps) Prussian princes (/wiki/Category:Prussian_princes) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing German-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text) |
Pakistani model and a film actor This article is about the Pakistani actor. For the Pakistani cricketer, see Ahmed Butt (cricketer) (/wiki/Ahmed_Butt_(cricketer)) . For the actor and singer-songwriter, see Ahmad Ali Butt (/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Butt) . Ahmed Butt Born 18 November 1975 Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , Pakistan Occupation(s) Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , Film (/wiki/Film) Actor (/wiki/Actor) Spouse Humaira Arshad (/wiki/Humaira_Arshad) ( m. 2004–2019) Ahmed Butt is a Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistani) model (/wiki/Model_(person)) and a film actor (/wiki/Film_actor) . Early life and career [ edit ] Ahmed Butt was born at Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , Pakistan on 18 November, 1975 into an ethnic Kashmiri family. [1] (#cite_note-247news-1) Ever since they got married in 2004, their turbulent relationship has been in the news with many separations and then marital reconciliations later. On 2 November 2016, their latest reconciliation was reported in Pakistani newspapers. [2] (#cite_note-Tribune-2) [3] (#cite_note-DunyaNews-3) Ahmed Butt denied the allegation by his wife, Humaira, that he was demanding 30 million rupees from her. He claimed that she owed that money to him in exchange of a flat among them. [3] (#cite_note-DunyaNews-3) Finally in April 2019, both Humaira Arshad (/wiki/Humaira_Arshad) and her husband Ahmad Butt were able to agree to a divorce after mutual understanding. Ahmed Butt got the custody of their young son and had plans to move to the United States with him in the future, whereas Humaira Arshad would be able to focus on her singing career in Pakistan. [4] (#cite_note-4) Filmography [ edit ] Year Movie 2004 Salakhain (/wiki/Salakhain) [5] (#cite_note-5) 2006 Gunahon Ka Sheher (/wiki/Gunahon_Ka_Sheher) 2006 Mein Ek Din Laut Kay Aaoon Ga (/wiki/Mein_Ek_Din_Laut_Kay_Aaoon_Ga) 2012 Sher Dil References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-247news_1-0) Sana Fatima (2 February 2014). "Ahmad Butt also got hair transplant surgery for all new look" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140203165430/http://news247.com.pk/4014/fashion/ahmad-butt-also-got-hair-transplant-surgery-for-all-new-look.html) . NEWS 247.com.pk website . Archived from the original (http://news247.com.pk/4014/fashion/ahmad-butt-also-got-hair-transplant-surgery-for-all-new-look.html) on 3 February 2014 . Retrieved 11 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tribune_2-0) "Reconciliation: Humaira Arshad, Ahmad Butt back together" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/1218778/reconciliation-humaira-arshad-ahmad-butt-back-together/) . The Express Tribune (newspaper) . 2 November 2016 . Retrieved 11 May 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Humaira filed bogus case against me of kidnapping my son: Ahmed Butt" (http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Entertainment/277132-Humaira-filed-bogus-case-against-me-of-kidnapping-) . Dunya TV News website. 3 May 2015 . Retrieved 11 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Singer Humaira Arshad moves on after 14 years of marriage (https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/04/23/singer-humaira-arshad-moves-on-after-14-years-of-marriage/) Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 23 April 2019, Retrieved 11 May 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Film review of Salakhain (2004)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111011235548/http://cineplot.com/salakhain/) . Cineplot.com website . Archived from the original (http://cineplot.com/salakhain-2004-review/) on 11 October 2011 . Retrieved 15 July 2022 . External links [ edit ] Ahmed Butt (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2951615/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) This article about a Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistan) actor is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Trinidadian-American fashion stylist (1957–2021) Derek Khan Born ( 1957-08-21 ) August 21, 1957 [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) Arima (/wiki/Arima) , Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) Died February 15, 2021 (2021-02-15) (aged 63) [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) Nationality Trinidadian, American [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) Occupation Fashion stylist Derek Khan (August 21, 1957 – February 15, 2021) was a Trinidadian (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) -American fashion stylist (/wiki/Fashion_stylist) . He was known for his styling of hip-hop (/wiki/Hip-hop) artists in the 1990s and 2000s. [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Green, Penelope (February 28, 2021). "Derek Khan, Onetime Stylist for Hip-Hop Stars, Dies at 63" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/28/fashion/derek-khan-dead.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wilson, Eric (April 17, 2008). "A Jewel Thief's Audacious Comeback" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/fashion/17CROOK.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ogunnaike, Lola (September 21, 2003). "Tumbling From the Hip-Hop Heights" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/21/style/tumbling-from-the-hip-hop-heights.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Elan, Priya (March 4, 2021). "Hip-hop stars and fashion industry mourn stylist Derek Khan" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/mar/04/derek-khan-hip-hop-stylist-fashion-tributes-salt-n-pepa) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Turner, Megan (July 28, 2000). "From 'hoochie mama' to Chanel... Stylist puts pop divas in drop-dead duds" (https://nypost.com/2000/07/28/from-hoochie-mama-to-chanel-stylist-puts-pop-divas-in-drop-dead-duds/) . New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Gabrillo, James (July 3, 2012). "Derek Khan is getting a second bite of the cherry" (https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/derek-khan-is-getting-a-second-bite-of-the-cherry-1.437872) . The National (/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Saulny, Susan (September 4, 2003). "Fashion Stylist Sentenced In Jewelry Theft" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-fashion-stylist-sentenced-in-jewelry-theft.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . This article about an American person related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Belgium portal (/wiki/Portal:Belgium) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐gpb95 Cached time: 20240712195918 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.033 seconds Real time usage: 0.044 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 708/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.018/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 630291/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 36.383 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 36.383 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60708519-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712195918 and revision id 896143815. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. B Belgian milliners (/wiki/Category:Belgian_milliners) (2 P) Pages in category "Belgian businesspeople in fashion" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Natalia Alaverdian (/wiki/Natalia_Alaverdian) D Paul Deneve (/wiki/Paul_Deneve) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Belgian_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896143815 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Belgian_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896143815) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Belgian businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Belgian_businesspeople) Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion) |
This article is about the social historian. Not to be confused with Georgiana Hill (/wiki/Georgiana_Hill_(cookery_book_writer)) , the cookery book writer. Georgiana Hill (8 December 1858 – 29 March 1924), was a British social historian, journalist, and women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) activist. Early life [ edit ] Georgiana Hill was born on 8 December 1858, at 9 Mount View, Lambeth (/wiki/Lambeth) , London, the younger of two daughters of George Hill (/w/index.php?title=George_Hill_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1822–1897), a master printer, journalist, and newspaper publisher, and his wife, Emily, née Kitson (1815–1894). [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) George Hill was the founder and editor of the local newspaper, the Westminster and Lambeth Gazette (/w/index.php?title=Westminster_and_Lambeth_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1) , and was a local political activist, including being the representative for Lambeth on the Metropolitan Board of Works (/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works) . [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) Career [ edit ] Neither Hill nor her older sister, Emily Hill (1851/52–1936) ever married, and they worked and lived together until Hill's death in 1924. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) Georgiana and Emily Hill were active in an extensive array of social and philanthropic movements, and actively participated in their father's business. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) They worked as journalist, and also trained other women in composition, proof-reading, journalism, and such like connected matters. Georgiana and Emily wrote the "Woman's Page" in the Westminster and Lambeth Gazette up until their father's retirement in 1891. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) Georgiana published A History of English Dress from the Saxon Period to the Present Day in 1893, a "classic example of the cultural and social history publications characteristic of late nineteenth-century amateur women historians", in which she consistently criticised fashions that were uncomfortable, ostentatious or impractical. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) In 1896 Georgiana published Women in English Life from Medieval to Modern Times , which examined the experience of women of all classes over time, within an overall liberal and progressive viewpoint. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) However, she noted that there was "no unvarying progress from age to age", and that there were losses as well as gains over time. [2] (#cite_note-Alberti2014-2) Georgiana was a suffragist. [2] (#cite_note-Alberti2014-2) She has been called a "successor to the Strickland sisters and Mary Anne Everett Green (/wiki/Mary_Anne_Everett_Green) , and the foremother of Alice Clark (/wiki/Alice_Clark_(historian)) and Eileen Power (/wiki/Eileen_Power) ". [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) Publications [ edit ] A History of English Dress from the Saxon Period to the Present Day (1893) Women in English Life from Medieval to Modern Times (1896) Later life [ edit ] Hill died on 29 March 1924, at her home at 3 Blenkarne Road, Wandsworth (/wiki/Wandsworth) , London, of pneumonia. [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) She is buried in Wandsworth Cemetery (/w/index.php?title=Wandsworth_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-oxforddnb.com-1) Identity [ edit ] For much of the twentieth century Hill's identity and work was conflated with that of her namesake, Georgiana Hill (/wiki/Georgiana_Hill_(cookery_book_writer)) , the cookery book writer: [3] (#cite_note-ONDB-3) the historian Joan Thirsk (/wiki/Joan_Thirsk) , in her introduction to Women in English Society, 1500–1800 (1985) discusses the social historian as having "extraordinary success as an author [that] started with her cookery books which sold cheaply ... and in very large numbers". [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2014 the historian Rachel Rich wrote the entry for Georgiana Hill (the cookery book writer) for inclusion in the Dictionary of National Biography . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Mitchell, Rosemary (2004). "Hill, Georgiana (1858–1924)" (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/46558) . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) (online ed.). ODNB. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/46558 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F46558) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780198614111 . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.) ^ Jump up to: a b Johanna Alberti (10 July 2014). Gender and the Historian . Routledge. p. 3. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-87710-3 . Retrieved 19 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-ONDB_3-0) Rich, Rachel (2014). "Hill, Georgiana (1825–1903)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/106198 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F106198) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Thirsk, Joan (/wiki/Joan_Thirsk) (1985). "Introduction". In Prior, Mary (ed.). Women in English society, 1500–1800 . London: Routledge. p. xvi. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-4150-7901-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Braithwaite, Carrie (18 September 2014). "Victorian cookery writer's life revealed for first time" (https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/news/0914-victorian-cookery-writers-life-revealed-for-first-time/) . Leeds Beckett University . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . 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Glandular secretion used in perfume Civet ( Zibeth ; Zibet ; Zibetum ), also known as civet musk (/wiki/Musk) and civet oil , is the glandular (/wiki/Gland) secretion produced by both sexes of Viverridae (/wiki/Viverridae) species (/wiki/Species) . Production [ edit ] The African civet is one of the species that secretes civet fluid. A number of viverrid species secrete civet oil in their perineal glands, including the African civet (/wiki/African_civet) ( Civettictis civetta ), large Indian civet (/wiki/Large_Indian_civet) ( Viverra zibetha ), and small Indian civet (/wiki/Small_Indian_civet) ( Viverricula indica ). Most civet is produced in African farms, where African civets are kept in cages for this purpose. [1] (#cite_note-fnf-1) [2] (#cite_note-fc-2) African civets typically produce three to four grams of civet per week. In 2000, civet sold for about five hundred dollars per kilogram. [3] (#cite_note-3) Civet is a soft, almost liquid material. It is pale yellow when fresh, darkening in the light and becoming salve (/wiki/Salve) -like in consistency. Its odor is strong, even putrid as a pure substance, but once diluted it is pleasantly and sweetly aromatic. It is prepared for use in perfumery by solvent extraction (/wiki/Solvent_extraction) to yield either a tincture (/wiki/Tincture) (10 or 20 percent), an absolute (/wiki/Absolute_(perfumery)) , or a resinoid (/wiki/Resinoid_(perfumery)) . [1] (#cite_note-fnf-1) [2] (#cite_note-fc-2) Composition [ edit ] The chemical in civet oil that gives it most of its distinctive odor is civetone (/wiki/Civetone) , at a concentration of between 2.5 and 3.4%. The oil also includes various other ketones (/wiki/Ketone) such as cyclopentadecanone (/w/index.php?title=Cyclopentadecanone&action=edit&redlink=1) , cyclohexadecanone (/wiki/Cyclohexadecanone) , cycloheptadecanone (/w/index.php?title=Cycloheptadecanone&action=edit&redlink=1) , and 6- (/w/index.php?title=6-cis-Cycloheptadecenone&action=edit&redlink=1) cis -cycloheptadecenone (/w/index.php?title=6-cis-Cycloheptadecenone&action=edit&redlink=1) . The animal scent is reinforced by the presence of smaller amounts of indole (/wiki/Indole) and skatole (/wiki/Skatole) , which in African civet are present at a concentration of about 1%. [1] (#cite_note-fnf-1) [2] (#cite_note-fc-2) Uses [ edit ] Civet has a distinctly different odor from musk (/wiki/Musk) and was formerly a versatile ingredient of fine fragrances. It is being displaced by 5-cyclohexadecen-1-one (/wiki/5-Cyclohexadecenone) (Ambretone) which is more easily synthesized. [1] (#cite_note-fnf-1) Civet absolute (/wiki/Absolute_(fragrance)) ( CAS# (/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number) 68916-26-7) is used as a flavor and in perfumery. [4] (#cite_note-fca-4) [5] (#cite_note-ifra-5) Safety [ edit ] The United States does not allow civets to be imported, as the species can transmit the SARS (/wiki/SARS) virus. [6] (#cite_note-6) The US does however permit the importation of civet oil, as long as it has been treated to ensure it is noninfectious. [7] (#cite_note-7) Name [ edit ] The name derives from the Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) زباد zabād or سنور الزباد sinnawr al-zabād , civet cat ( Viverra civetta ), by way of Old Italian (/wiki/Old_Italian) zibetto and Middle French (/wiki/Middle_French) civette and Ethiopian name ዝባድ (Zibad) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) History [ edit ] The 10th-century Arab historian al-Masudi (/wiki/Al-Masudi) mentioned civet ( zabāda ) as a spice in his book Murū dj al- dh ahab ('Meadows of Gold'). [10] (#cite_note-10) Civet was among the many trade items that caravans, controlled by the Ghana empire (/wiki/Ghana_empire) , carried from the Niger valley (/wiki/Niger_River) to North Africa, including Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) . [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Fahlbusch, Karl-Georg; et al. (2007). "Flavors and Fragrances". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). Wiley. p. 86. ^ Jump up to: a b c George A. Burdock (2010), "CIVET", Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients (6th ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 326 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Shalu, Tuteja (2000), Civettictis Civetta African Civet , Animal Diversity Web (/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web) ^ (#cite_ref-fca_4-0) George A. Burdock (2010), "CIVET ABSOLUTE", Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients (6th ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 326‒327 ^ (#cite_ref-ifra_5-0) Transparency List , International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) , 2011, archived from the original (http://www.ifraorg.org/en/ingredients) on 2014-09-11 , retrieved 2014-09-12 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bringing a Civet into the United States , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) , 31 October 2022 , retrieved 26 February 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bringing Animal Products into the United States , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 September 2022 , retrieved 26 February 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "civet" (http://cheetah.eb.com/dictionary/civet) , Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) F. Viré (1997), "SINNAWR", The Encyclopaedia of Islam , vol. 9 (2nd ed.), Brill, p. 653b ^ (#cite_ref-10) A. Dietrich (2004), "AFĀWĪH", The Encyclopaedia of Islam , vol. 12 (supplement) (2nd ed.), Brill, p. 42b ^ (#cite_ref-11) Willie F. Page; R. Hunt Davis, Jr., eds. (2005), "civets", Encyclopedia of African history and culture , vol. 1 (revised ed.), Facts on File, p. 58 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐7bm47 Cached time: 20240709023556 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.220 seconds Real time usage: 0.282 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 881/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18057/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1343/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39283/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.136/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4596766/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 256.970 1 -total 71.17% 182.880 1 Template:Reflist 32.90% 84.535 1 Template:Cite_book 25.99% 66.777 1 Template:Short_description 17.91% 46.023 10 Template:Citation 15.38% 39.521 2 Template:Pagetype 12.11% 31.125 1 Template:Dead_link 10.36% 26.618 1 Template:Fix 9.17% 23.553 2 Template:Category_handler 6.04% 15.511 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43733152-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709023556 and revision id 1177600241. 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1885 essay by Oscar Wilde The Philosophy of Dress is an essay by Oscar Wilde (/wiki/Oscar_Wilde) that appeared in The New-York Tribune (/wiki/New-York_Tribune) in 1885. The essay remained unknown to scholarship until 2012 when it was rediscovered and published for the first time in book form by Wilde historian John Cooper in Oscar Wilde On Dress (CSM Press, 2013), making it the only previously unknown work that Wilde intended for publication to have been released since he died in 1900. The essay is Wilde's treatise on Victorian Dress Reform (/wiki/Victorian_dress_reform) and its relationship to art in which he expands on his public lecture entitled Dress , which was one of several lectures given in Great Britain and Ireland between 1883 and 1888. [1] (#cite_note-1) A significance of The Philosophy of Dress is that Wilde's only previously published prose works had been a handful of short reviews and letters that appeared in journals or newspapers. With this essay Wilde announced himself as a commercial writer: it was the first work by him prepared as a composition for specific and separate publication, and it is the only piece of his journalism (out of over 150 examples) that was copyrighted. [2] (#cite_note-2) In the essay is the first occurrence in print of Wilde's quotation: "A fashion is merely a form of ugliness so absolutely unbearable that we have to alter it every six months!" [3] (#cite_note-3) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) For UK lectures see Oscar Wilde: A Vagabond with a Mission , Geoff Dibb, Oscar Wilde Society, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-2) John Stokes and Mark Turner, Editors: The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde: Volume VII: Journalism II , Oxford University Press ^ (#cite_ref-3) Oscar Wilde In America/Quotations. (http://oscarwildeinamerica.org/quotations/fashion-a-form-of-ugliness.html) External links [ edit ] The Philosophy Of Dress by Oscar Wilde available on Archive.org (//archive.org/details/ThePhilosophyOfDress) The Victorian Web: The Roots of Oscar Wilde’s Dress Philosophy (http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/wilde/cooper2.html) (excerpt from Oscar Wilde On Dress ). Fashion a Form of Ugliness (http://www.oscarwildeinamerica.org/quotations/fashion-a-form-of-ugliness.html) Women of Homer (http://oscarwildesociety.co.uk/publications/publications-books/) This article about an essay (/wiki/Essay) or essay collection is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Philosophy_of_Dress&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐d4r9q Cached time: 20240713172945 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.128 seconds Real time usage: 0.176 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 286/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4132/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 432/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6148/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1503377/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 160.043 1 -total 43.44% 69.522 1 Template:Short_description 41.28% 66.065 1 Template:Essay-stub 39.98% 63.979 1 Template:Asbox 24.63% 39.412 2 Template:Pagetype 12.39% 19.836 1 Template:Reflist 11.94% 19.102 3 Template:Main_other 10.69% 17.112 1 Template:SDcat 1.35% 2.168 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39695736-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713172945 and revision id 1185408793. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Philosophy_of_Dress&oldid=1185408793 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Philosophy_of_Dress&oldid=1185408793) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Works by Oscar Wilde (/wiki/Category:Works_by_Oscar_Wilde) Essay stubs (/wiki/Category:Essay_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles) |
Belgian fashion designer Ann Salens Born 12 February 1940 Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) Died 7 September 1994 Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) Nationality Belgian Ann Salens (12 February 1940 – 7 September 1994) was a Belgian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . She is considered to be the first Belgian international fashion designer. She pioneered the use of light, music, and art during her fashion shows. Her biggest success is the "fringed dress", a simple knitted dress in which long loops are crocheted (/wiki/Crochet) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Salens was popular in hippie (/wiki/Hippie) culture. In Belgium, the general public got to know Salens' clothing through Ann Christy (/wiki/Ann_Christy_(singer)) , in France through Juliette Gréco (/wiki/Juliette_Gr%C3%A9co) . Life and work [ edit ] Salens was born on 12 February 1940 in Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) as the youngest of six children. [2] (#cite_note-SmetHuybrechts2015-2) The family moved from Ostend to Neerpelt (/wiki/Neerpelt) shortly after the Second World War, and in 1958 she moved to Antwerp. She met Fluxus (/wiki/Fluxus) artist Ludo Mich and was married to him between 1965 and 1972. The couple had chronic money problems. To make ends meet, they made paintings that they sold to friends and family, witches from fabric, fabric cloths, and greeting cards. Salens bought second-hand clothing that she disassembled and made new creations to sell them for a profit. After working for a while in the Twenty Boutique in Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) , she opened her own boutique in the Wijngaardstraat, which soon became the "place to be" for those looking for trendy clothes. The first dresses that Salens made were simple stitched creations in curtain fabric, mainly because she had not followed fashion training. The crocheted of her mother inspired her to make crocheted creations herself. Crocheted dresses, jackets and trouser suits in daring shades of color became Salens' trademark. [3] (#cite_note-Steele2005-3) Her happenings at unusual locations earned her the title of "Belgian Fashion's Bird of Paradise". [2] (#cite_note-SmetHuybrechts2015-2) She took over the design shop "De Cirkel" in the Wolstraat in Antwerp, where her shop windows quickly became controversial and her collection became successful. The production remained artisanal: Salens almost hired her entire family in Neerpelt. After her international breakthrough – she worked in Paris together with Denise Bourillon as production could no longer keep up with demand. Salens changed from crocheted to (machine) knitting, with crocheted accents. In 1974 she made the costumes for the Belgian movie "Where the birds cough" from Frans Buyens (/w/index.php?title=Frans_Buyens&action=edit&redlink=1) . In the late seventies, her business started to decline. Salens was part of the Miss Belgium jury in 1977 and the candidates wore her creations during the closing ceremony. Her clothing was successful, but she refused to cash it in commercially. Although connoisseurs agreed that Salens' designs were timeless, her style did not catch on with the 1980s fashion. She went bankrupt in 1987, the same year she was diagnosed with cancer. [2] (#cite_note-SmetHuybrechts2015-2) In 1992 she started a new collaboration with Geert Bruloot (/w/index.php?title=Geert_Bruloot&action=edit&redlink=1) , the man behind the Antwerp Six (/wiki/Antwerp_Six) . [4] (#cite_note-4) She died from cancer on 7 September 1994. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blondeel, Claude (29 July 2013). "Ann Salens — Gehaakt kleedje" (http://cobra.canvas.be/cm/cobra/projecten/bazaar_belgie/1.1658131) . Cobra.be (in Dutch) . Retrieved 2018-01-06 . ^ a b c De Smet, Tom; Huybrechts, Felix (29 November 2015). "Ann Salens: de ferre grignard van de mode". Luchtschippers, wereldsterren en weekendhippies: een halve eeuw café De Muze in woord en beeld . Vrijdag, Uitgeverij. pp. 90–97. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6001-379-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-Steele2005_3-0) Steele, Valerie (2005). Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion . Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 142. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-684-31395-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pourhashemi, Philippe (8 August 2012). "An interview with Antwerp's fashion retail pioneer Geert Bruloot – The Word Magazine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210928073443/https://thewordmagazine.com/neighbourhood-life/geert-bruloot/) . thewordmagazine.com . Archived from the original (http://thewordmagazine.com/neighbourhood-life/geert-bruloot/) on 2021-09-28 . Retrieved 2018-01-06 . Bibliography [ edit ] Adriaens, Manu (1995). Ik wil niet aan deze wereld wennen: over Ann Salens, modeontwerpster (1940–1994) . Berchem: EPO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 90-6445-936-3 . External links [ edit ] Ann Salens, a portret on Cobra.be (http://www.cobra.be/cm/cobra/videozone/rubriek/nog-videozone/130729-mv-annsalens-portret) Homage to Ann Salens, Modemuseum Antwerpen (https://web.archive.org/web/20130801091937/http://blog.momu.be/2011/exhibition/ann-salens-knitted-dresses/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/391626/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000035046042) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/16508912) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyh64T863KHJrYvRPChHC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97049958) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p143046810) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5c9ff5b4d5‐d45nb Cached time: 20240715231351 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.405 seconds Real time usage: 0.568 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1726/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17187/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 719/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25189/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5562690/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 547.044 1 -total 36.63% 200.376 1 Template:Reflist 28.26% 154.588 1 Template:Cite_news 23.97% 131.108 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 20.95% 114.600 1 Template:Authority_control 15.64% 85.582 1 Template:Short_description 8.32% 45.497 16 Template:Main_other 8.23% 45.001 2 Template:Pagetype 4.90% 26.822 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.59% 25.112 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56229127-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715231351 and revision id 1173043878. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Salens&oldid=1173043878 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Salens&oldid=1173043878) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Belgian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Belgian_fashion_designers) Belgian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Belgian_women_fashion_designers) 1994 deaths (/wiki/Category:1994_deaths) 1940 births (/wiki/Category:1940_births) Hidden categories: CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with FAST identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_FAST_identifiers) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with NTA identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NTA_identifiers) |
German fashion designer (born 1972) Bernhard Willhelm (born 3 November 1972 in Ulm (/wiki/Ulm) ) is a German fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Education and first season [ edit ] Bernhard Willhelm studied fashion design at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Antwerp)) , [2] (#cite_note-2) during which he assisted Walter van Beirendonck (/wiki/Walter_van_Beirendonck) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) and Dirk Bikkembergs (/wiki/Dirk_Bikkembergs) . In 1998, he established his namesake fashion house, together with Jutta Kraus. They debuted their first womenswear collection in 1999 [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) and their first menswear collection was introduced in 2000. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) In 2002, Bernhard Willhelm moved their design studio from Antwerp to Paris, at which time Willhelm also became creative director for the fashion house Capucci (/wiki/Roberto_Capucci) through 2004. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Later work [ edit ] From 2009 up until 2014, Willhem held the position of head of the fashion department at Universität für Angewandte Kunst (/wiki/University_of_Applied_Arts_Vienna) in Vienna, Austria. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2011, Willhelm relocated his team temporarily to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, [6] (#cite_note-6) and later in 2013 to Los Angeles, where the company has been based since. [7] (#cite_note-7) Style [ edit ] Dress by Bernhard Willhelm with trainers by Camper, Spring-Summer 2013. ( PMA (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) [8] (#cite_note-8) ) Wilhellm's clothing has been described as being typified by craftsmanship, eclecticism, and irony. [9] (#cite_note-9) His inspirations range from South German folklore (/wiki/German_folklore) , historical costume to sport and traditional Japanese dress as well as questions of diversity, the human condition, facets of culture and perceptions of reality. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Eccentric silhouettes, for both men and women, are additional characteristic features of Willhelm's work. [11] (#cite_note-11) Wilhelm is known for his unconventional approach to presenting seasonal collections, preferring installations, performances and tableaux (/wiki/Tableau_vivant) vivants over the fashion runway. [12] (#cite_note-12) His career has been marked by collaborations with artists and creatives across disciplines, including Bjork (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , Olaf Breuning (/wiki/Olaf_Breuning) , Cutler X, Joe Dallesandro (/wiki/Joe_Dallesandro) , Carsten Fock (/w/index.php?title=Carsten_Fock&action=edit&redlink=1) , William Forsythe (/wiki/William_Forsythe_(choreographer)) , Carmen Freudenthal (/w/index.php?title=Carmen_Freudenthal&action=edit&redlink=1) , Item Idem (/wiki/Item_Idem) , [13] (#cite_note-sterlacci-2017-13) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) , Nikolaus Schafhausen (/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Schafhausen&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rade Petrasevic (/w/index.php?title=Rade_Petrasevic&action=edit&redlink=1) , Elle Verhagen (/w/index.php?title=Elle_Verhagen&action=edit&redlink=1) , Tony Ward (/wiki/Tony_Ward_(model)) , and Lukas Wassmann (/w/index.php?title=Lukas_Wassmann&action=edit&redlink=1) . [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Special projects [ edit ] In 2001 Willhelm posed naked in the first issue of magazine Butt (/wiki/Butt_(magazine)) , in a pictorial shot by Turner Prize-winning photographer Wolfgang Tillmans (/wiki/Wolfgang_Tillmans) . In 2013, Willhelm presented his men / women AW13-14 collection, in the form of a dance performance in collaboration with Josh Johnson and The William Forsythe (/wiki/William_Forsythe_(choreographer)) Company, Frankfurt. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Willhelm has worked on a number of films, including Men In Tights , a collaboration with fashion photographer Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) , which was shown in conjunction with his AW08-9 Menswear Collection [14] (#cite_note-14) and Red Rose Pink Donkey, made in collaboration with Dirk Bonn and screened at Athens Biennale (/wiki/Athens_Biennale) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Willhelm created costumes for Bjork (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , used for her Volta album cover and her 2007 World Tour, [16] (#cite_note-16) as well as for R.W. Fassbinder (/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder) ’s play Die bitteren Tränen der Petra von Kant (/wiki/The_Bitter_Tears_of_Petra_von_Kant) , shown at Deutsches Theater (/wiki/Deutsches_Theater_(Berlin)) in Berlin. [17] (#cite_note-17) Commercial collaborations [ edit ] Willhelm has engaged in a number of commercial collaborations. From 2008 to 2015 he worked with Spanish footwear company CAMPER (/wiki/Camper_(company)) on a line of men and women's shoes. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2009, he commenced a partnership with German eyewear brand MYKITA (/wiki/Mykita) . His collection of sunglasses featured color gradient lenses. [19] (#cite_note-19) Willlhelm has also worked with Swedish rug manufacturer Henzel Studio on a collection of rugs and pillows that feature proclaiming statements drawn from the exhibition BERNHARD WILLHELM 3000: When Fashion Shows The Danger Then Fashion Is The Danger at the Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles (MOCA). [20] (#cite_note-20) Exhibitions [ edit ] 2015: BERNHARD WILLHELM 3000: WHEN FASHION IS THE DANGER, THEN FASHION IS THE DANGER at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles) [21] (#cite_note-21) 2009 Bernhard Willhelm Jutta Kraus at Groninger Museum (/wiki/Groninger_Museum) , Groninger, The Netherlands. [22] (#cite_note-22) 2007 BERNHARD WILLHELM: HET TOTAAL RAPPEL at MOMU Fashion Museum (/w/index.php?title=MOMU_Fashion_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1) , Antwerp, Belgium. [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:3_1-0) "Printing - The Art of Sexualizing Fashion - Interview Magazine" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/bernhard-willhelm-moca-la/print/) . www.interviewmagazine.com . Retrieved 2016-04-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Fashion Department Royal Academy of Fine Arts" (http://www.antwerp-fashion.be/about.html) . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . ^ a b Alstin, Clare. "Bernhard Willhelm" (http://www.russhmagazine.com/profiles/designers/bernhard-willhelm/) . RUSSH . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_4-0) "Bernhard Willhelm" (http://showstudio.com/contributor/bernhard_willhelm) . showstudio.com . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dazed. "Bernhard Willhelm x University of Applied Arts Vienna" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/10661/1/bernhard-willhelm-x-university-of-applied-arts-vienna) . Dazed . Retrieved 2016-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Stagg, Natasha. "Bernhard Willhelm Knows The Future" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160315035147/http://www.vman.com/site/content/3474/bernhard-willhelm-knows-the-future) . V Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.vman.com/site/content/3474/bernhard-willhelm-knows-the-future) on 2016-03-15 . Retrieved 2016-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mcgarry, Kevin (2015-06-29). "A Paris Designer Sets up a Creative Commune in the Hollywood Hills" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/29/t-magazine/a-paris-designer-sets-up-a-creative-commune-in-the-hollywood-hills.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Staff writer. "Woman's Ensemble: Dress, Socks, and Shoes" (https://www.philamuseum.org/collection/object/331131) . philamuseum.org . Philadelphia Museum of Art . Retrieved 11 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Szmydke, Paulina. "Bernhard Willhelm to Show at MOCA" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bernhard-willhelm-to-show-at-moca-8050256/) . WWD . Retrieved 2016-04-20 . ^ a b c Gronninger Museum. Bernhard Wilhelm and Jutta Kraus . NAi Publishers. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Singer, Maya. "Bernhard Willhelm Spring 2016 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show - Vogue" (http://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2016-ready-to-wear/bernhard-willhelm) . Vogue . Retrieved 2016-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Blanks, Tim. "Bernhard Willhelm Fall 2015 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show - Vogue" (http://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2015-ready-to-wear/bernhard-willhelm) . Vogue . Retrieved 2016-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-sterlacci-2017_13-0) Sterlacci, Francesca; Arbuckle, Joanne (30 June 2017). Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 530. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Men In Tights" (http://showstudio.com/project/men_in_tights) . showstudio.com . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220112724/http://showstudio.com/blog/post/red_rose_pink_donkey_by_bernhard_willhelm_and_dirk_bonn) 'Red Rose Pink Donkey' by Bernhard Willhelm and Dirk Bonn" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220112724/http://showstudio.com/blog/post/red_rose_pink_donkey_by_bernhard_willhelm_and_dirk_bonn) . showstudio.com . Archived from the original (http://showstudio.com/blog/post/red_rose_pink_donkey_by_bernhard_willhelm_and_dirk_bonn) on 2016-12-20 . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Cochrane, Lauren (2015-05-16). "Björk's stage fashions through the years – in pictures" (https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2015/may/16/bjorks-stage-fashions-through-the-years-in-pictures) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Schmeller, Johanna (2007-01-24). "Bernhard Willhelm weiß, was Mode mit Theater verbindet" (https://www.welt.de/kultur/article711092/Bernhard-Willhelm-weiss-was-Mode-mit-Theater-verbindet.html) . Welt Online . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Walsh, Rachel. "Bernhard Wilhelm X Camper" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/8644/1/bernhard-willhelm-x-camper) . Dazed Digital . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "MYKITA & Bernhard Willhelm: The Mirrored Series Expands | Mykita's Visual Portfolio | BoF Careers | The Business of Fashion" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/community/companies/mykita/portfolio/album/57033) . www.businessoffashion.com . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Rothman, Tibby. "Apocalyptic Future: Bernhard Wilhelm takes us to the year 3000 with his A/W 2015 collection on show at LA's MOCA" (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/apocalyptic-future-bernhard-willhelm-takes-us-to-the-year-3000-with-his-aw-2015-collection-on-show-at-las-moca) . Wallpaper* . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Singer, Maya. " (http://www.vogue.com/13268401/bernhard-willhelm-fall-2015-collection-moca-pacific-design-center/) "We Never Played It Safe": Bernhard Willhelm Swaps Paris for L.A." (http://www.vogue.com/13268401/bernhard-willhelm-fall-2015-collection-moca-pacific-design-center/) Vogue . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Villarreal, Ignacio. "Major Exhibition for Bernhard Willhelm and Jutta Kraus at Groninger Museum" (http://artdaily.com/news/34922/Major-Exhibition-for-Bernhard-Willhelm-and-Jutta-Kraus-at-Groninger-Museum#.VvwbUMfo7-Q) . artdaily.com . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Archive - ModeMuseum Provincie Antwerpen" (http://www.momu.be/fr/tentoonstelling/archief1.html) . ModeMuseum Provincie Antwerpen . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Willhelm&oldid=1189043357 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Willhelm&oldid=1189043357) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : German expatriates in Mexico (/wiki/Category:German_expatriates_in_Mexico) German fashion designers (/wiki/Category:German_fashion_designers) 1972 births (/wiki/Category:1972_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with MoMA identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MoMA_identifiers) Articles with NGV identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NGV_identifiers) Articles with RKDartists identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_RKDartists_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers) |
Traditional Korean hairstyle for married men A sangtu (on top of head) The sangtu ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 상투 ) was a Korean topknot (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topknot) hairstyle worn by married men. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) The hairstyle was widely worn from around the 57 BC – 68 AD Three Kingdoms of Korea (/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea) period until the late 19th century, during the Joseon (/wiki/Joseon) period. Its practice in Korea has since virtually ceased. By the Joseon period, the haircut was seen as essential for a man's honor. As Korea attempted to Westernize (/wiki/Westernization) in the late 19th century, efforts to ban the haircut were fiercely resisted. History [ edit ] Men can be seen wearing sangtu in this c. 1780 painting by Kim Hong-do (/wiki/Kim_Hong-do) The hairstyle is presumed to have been common during the 57 BC – 68 AD Three Kingdoms (/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea) period. It is depicted in tomb murals of Goguryeo (/wiki/Goguryeo) and in equestrian figures on pottery from Silla (/wiki/Silla) . There is reportedly no known evidence of its wearing in Baekje (/wiki/Baekje) , although it is still assumed to have been common there. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Depictions in this period had topknots of varying sizes and shapes. Merchants are depicted with larger ones and not wearing hats, while officials who wore hats wore smaller ones. The nobility were generally depicted as wearing topknots. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In a 12th century Song dynasty record called Koryŏ togyŏng (/w/index.php?title=Kory%C5%8F_togy%C5%8Fng&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ko (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4%EB%8F%84%EA%B2%BD) ] , it is reported that the citizens of Goryeo (/wiki/Goryeo) , from the king down to the common people, wore hats that were typically worn over topknots. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 1278, by order of King Chungnyeol (/wiki/Chungnyeol_of_Goryeo) , officials wore a Mongolian-style queue haircuts (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) tied at the back of the head, leaving only the hair on the top of the head. However, under King Gongmin (/wiki/Gongmin_of_Goryeo) , topknots were again worn, and during the Joseon Dynasty (/wiki/Joseon) , the use of topknots can be seen in both portraits and genre paintings. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Korean officials during the United States expedition to Korea (/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea) ; the one on the right has a sangtu visible (1871) To create a sangtu , the hair on the crown of the head was shaved and the remaining hair combed up. This was to dissipate heat because without shaving, the heat became unbearable. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) There was discrimination between married people and unmarried people: thus even young children who got married were treated as adults with a topknot, and unmarried people, even if they were older, were treated with contempt. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) People unable to be married (due to apoor family background or a physical defect) whether or not they were old, used to receive negative comments. To avoid this, men sometimes wore topknots to make it appear they were married. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) "No matter how old one is, without a top-knot he is never considered a man, addressed with high endings, or treated with respect. After assuming the top-knot, no matter how young, he is invested with the dignities and duties of a man of the family, takes his share in making the offerings and prayers at the ancestral shrines, and is recognized by his ancestors' spirits as one of the family who is to do them honor, and whom they are to protect and bless." [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) Decline [ edit ] Under the Eulmi reforms (/w/index.php?title=Eulmi_reforms&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ko (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%84%EB%AF%B8%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81) ] of 1895, the Short Hair Ordinance (/w/index.php?title=Short_Hair_Ordinance&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ko (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%9C%EB%A0%B9) ] was issued, banning topknots. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) King Gojong (/wiki/Gojong_of_Korea) 's topknot was removed on December 30, 1895, two days before the reform came into effect. [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) Before a small audience of Korean and Japanese officials, a Japanese barber (no Korean could be found willing to undertake such a distasteful act) removed the king's top-knot. Despite the audience having been warned that any outburst of protest would be dealt with severely (fatally), many began to weep and protest, but their efforts were in vain. [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) Cutting the top knot was seen a mechanism for emasculating Korean men. [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) Koreans in Mexico (/wiki/Koreans_in_Mexico) in the early 20th century, who were pressed into functional indentured servitude to Mexican masters, had their sangtu forcibly cut off. [3] (#cite_note-3) Sangtu visible in this predecessor to Namdaemun Market (/wiki/Namdaemun_Market) (1904) Seoul residents had their topknots forcibly shorn. However, outside the city gates, men kept theirs. This resulted in merchants and porters refusing to enter the city. With worsening weather, supplies of wood and rice dwindled and prices soared. Hence, after about two weeks a further edict was issued, proclaiming haircutting to be no longer compulsory ("rather than have the citizens freeze or starve"). This created problems for those who no longer had topknots, because they couldn't go beyond the city for fear of being attacked by the more rural population. [2] (#cite_note-newsarticle-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i 김, 정자. "상투" (https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0027380) [Sangtu]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture) (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies (/wiki/Academy_of_Korean_Studies) . Retrieved 2023-09-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Neff, Robert (2020-01-05). "The politics of hair" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2023/09/721_281346.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . Retrieved 2023-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) 정, 연화 (2006-01-16). "멕시코 이민 100돌 특집 시리즈- 멕시코 한인을 찾아서" (http://www.dongponews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=7393) . 재외동포신문 (in Korean) . Retrieved 2024-05-31 . 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1911 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1911) 1912 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1912) 1913 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1913) 1914 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1914) 1915 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1915) 1916 1917 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1917) 1918 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1918) 1919 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1919) 1920 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1920) 1921 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1921) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐7686884f77‐kx7fz Cached time: 20240718073442 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.117 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.063/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 109.263 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 109.263 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44734597-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718073442 and revision id 974959438. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1916" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . K Kappa (brand) (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Karhu (sports brand) (/wiki/Karhu_(sports_brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) O Oxxford Clothes (/wiki/Oxxford_Clothes) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1916&oldid=974959438 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1916&oldid=974959438) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1910s fashion (/wiki/Category:1910s_fashion) Manufacturing companies established in 1916 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1916) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century) Design companies established in 1916 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1916) |
This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Obrey_(watches)&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Obrey+%28watches%29&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Obrey+%28watches%29) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Obrey_(watches)) for suggestions. ( April 2016 ) Obrey Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Jewellery manufacturing Watchmaking Founded Paris, France (1951 ( 1951 ) ) Founder Émile Obrey Headquarters Paris , France Area served Worldwide Website obrey-paris (http://obrey-paris.com) .com (http://obrey-paris.com) Obrey watches is a luxury watch (/wiki/Luxury_watch) manufacturer that distributes and sales jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) and watches (/wiki/Watches) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) since 1951. History [ edit ] Obrey watches in solid silver Émile Obrey opened his first shop in the 1930s. After being part of the French resistance (/wiki/French_resistance) during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , the company founded its branch on rue Tronchet, Paris (/wiki/Paris) , in 1951. The Obrey company launched a collection of solid silver (/wiki/Silver) watches in 1966. The company became popular during the 1960s-1970s. [1] (#cite_note-1) During this period, the company grew significantly, becoming an international firm, and selling its products worldwide, especially in the US and Germany (/wiki/Germany) . The house Obrey has always been administered by the Obrey family. Today, Émile Obrey's son is the current manager of the company. The house Obrey uses quartz (/wiki/Quartz) mechanisms ( Swiss (/wiki/Switzerland) mechanisms, mainly ETA (/wiki/ETA_SA) ). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McColl, Pat; Tribune, International Herald (1998-10-17). "In France, Creating The Look That Lasts" (https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/17/news/in-france-creating-the-look-that-lasts.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-02-03 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐54gdn Cached time: 20240712204216 Cache expiry: 1653466 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.268 seconds Real time usage: 0.474 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1246/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16901/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2029/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8779/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.163/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3592817/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 439.991 1 -total 41.52% 182.685 1 Template:Infobox_company 39.13% 172.165 1 Template:Infobox 37.52% 165.102 1 Template:Reflist 34.08% 149.955 1 Template:Cite_news 19.00% 83.598 1 Template:Orphan 14.93% 65.709 1 Template:Draft_other 14.39% 63.294 1 Template:Ambox 2.92% 12.828 1 Template:Ubl 2.61% 11.484 1 Template:URL Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40512946-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712204216 and revision id 1201269703. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obrey_(watches)&oldid=1201269703 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obrey_(watches)&oldid=1201269703) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Watch brands (/wiki/Category:Watch_brands) Retail companies of France (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_France) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) French brands (/wiki/Category:French_brands) French companies established in 1951 (/wiki/Category:French_companies_established_in_1951) Manufacturing companies established in 1951 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1951) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Jewellery retailers of France (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_retailers_of_France) Watch manufacturing companies of France (/wiki/Category:Watch_manufacturing_companies_of_France) Hidden categories: Orphaned articles from April 2016 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_April_2016) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) |
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Venera Cosmetics" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Venera+Cosmetics%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venera_Cosmetics&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Venera Cosmetics is a Bulgarian (/wiki/Bulgaria) distributor of branded perfumery and cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) . It was founded in 1992 in Plovdiv (/wiki/Plovdiv) , Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Hand-painted advertising for the company in Plovdiv. Venera Cosmetics was founded with the opening of its first perfumery shop in Plovdiv (/wiki/Plovdiv) in 1992. [2] (#cite_note-2) Three years later it opened a warehouse with wholesale distribution to most parts of Bulgaria. [ citation needed ] It became an official distributor for brands such as Henkel (/wiki/Henkel) , Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) , Unilever (/wiki/Unilever) , and Malizia in 1998 and later became an official representative for L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) and Garnier (/wiki/Garnier) for southern Bulgaria. [3] (#cite_note-3) By 2002, the company had six company stores and a well-established distribution and sales network throughout southern Bulgaria and parts of northern Bulgaria. Venera Cosmetics has focused on the branded perfumery sector since 2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) Commercial activity [ edit ] Commerce [ edit ] The company distributes more than 2,000 products (/wiki/Product_(business)) for over 100 brands. [5] (#cite_note-5) The company's warehouse and main store are located in Plovdiv (/wiki/Plovdiv) , and it employs a team of 12 employees (/wiki/Employees) . [6] (#cite_note-6) E-commerce [ edit ] The company launched its online shop in 2011. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "History of Venera Cosmetics" (https://veneracosmetics.com/en/about-us/#history) . veneracosmetics.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) " (http://www.zarata.info/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81-%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5/) "Венера Козметикс" – една от водещите фирми за маркова парфюмерия празнува 25 години!" (http://www.zarata.info/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81-%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5/) (in Bulgarian). zarata.info. 15 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Историята на един успешен бизнес, създаден със сърце и душа" (https://www.lifehack.bg/business/brandvoice/venera-perfume/) (in Bulgarian). lifehack.bg. 28 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "20 години Venera Cosmetics" (http://www.podtepeto.com/pod-nebeto/20-godini-venera-cosmetics/) (in Bulgarian). podtepeto.com. 12 November 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Оригинални маркови парфюми предназначени за пътешественици" (https://www.blagoevgrad.eu/originalni-markovi-parfyumi-prednaznacheni-za-pteshestvenitsi.html) (in Bulgarian). blagoevgrad.eu. 1 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Малка пловдивска фирма се превърна в лидер на парфюмерийния пазар" (http://mediacafe.bg/novini/biznes-predpriemachestvo/Malka-plovdivska-firma-se-prevyrna-v-lider-na-parfjumerijnija-pazar-14015) (in Bulgarian). mediacafe.bg. 14 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Управителят на "Венера Козметикс" дава съвети как да се предпазим от фалшиви парфюми" (http://potv.eu/439145.html) (in Bulgarian). potv.eu. 21 June 2013. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "America's Next Top Model season 15" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Season of television series America's Next Top Model Season 15 Judges Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) No. of contestants 14 Winner Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) No. of episodes 13 Release Original network The CW (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) Original release September 8 ( 2010-09-08 ) – December 1, 2010 ( 2010-12-01 ) Additional information Filming dates June 8 ( 2010-06-08 ) – July 18, 2010 ( 2010-07-18 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) Next → Season 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) List of episodes (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) The fifteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) premiered on September 8, 2010 and was the ninth cycle to be aired on The CW network (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) . [1] (#cite_note-RTW-1) Several changes were made to the show in a bid to place greater emphasis on high fashion, including a lineup of prominent fashion industry guest judges and photographers as well as a change in prizes. All three permanent judges from the previous cycle, Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editor-at-large André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) , photographer Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) and Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , remained in place. The prizes for this cycle included a modeling contract with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) , a fashion spread in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and both the cover and a spread (/wiki/Spread_(typography)) in Beauty In Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , along with an editorial feature on Vogue.it , and a US$ 100,000 contract with CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) cosmetics. The international destinations for this cycle are Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Como (/wiki/Como) , all in Italy (/wiki/Italy) . The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) from Dallas, Texas (/wiki/Dallas,_Texas) with Chelsey Hersley placing as the runner up. [2] (#cite_note-2) Cast Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) [3] (#cite_note-3) Contestant Age Height Hometown Finish Place Anamaria Mirdita 18 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Queens, New York (/wiki/Queens) Episode 2 14 Terra White 24 5 ft 8.5 in (1.74 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 3 13 Sara Blackamore 21 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Menifee, California (/wiki/Menifee,_California) 12 Rhianna Atwood 20 6 ft 1.5 in (1.87 m) San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) Episode 4 11 Alexia 'Lexie' Tomchek 18 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Geneva, Illinois (/wiki/Geneva,_Illinois) Episode 5 10 Kacey Leggett 20 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Palmdale, California (/wiki/Palmdale,_California) Episode 6 9 Kendal Brown 23 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) Northport, Alabama (/wiki/Northport,_Alabama) Episode 7 8 Esther Petrack 18 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston) Episode 8 7 Lyzbeth 'Liz' Williams 21 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 9 6 Christin 'Chris' White 20 5 ft 10.5 in (1.79 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 10 5 Kayla Ferrel 19 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Rockford, Illinois (/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois) Episode 11 4–3 Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) 19 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Baltimore, Maryland (/wiki/Baltimore) Chelsey Hersley 22 5 ft 10.75 in (1.80 m) Boise, Idaho (/wiki/Boise,_Idaho) Episode 13 2 Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) 19 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Dallas, Texas (/wiki/Dallas,_Texas) 1 Judges Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) Other cast members J. Alexander – runway coach Jay Manuel – creative director Episodes No. overall No. in season Title Original air date US viewers (millions) 174 1 "Welcome to High Fashion" September 15, 2010 ( 2010-09-15 ) 2.88 [4] (#cite_note-Premiere15-4) 32 semi-finalists arrived in Los Angeles, California to begin the fifteenth cycle. Contestants included sisters Chris and Terra – the first sibling contestants since Amanda and Michelle ( cycle 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) ). Kacey, who had been a semi-finalist from cycle 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) , and Vanessa Johnston, Miss Minnesota Teen USA (/wiki/Miss_Minnesota_Teen_USA) 2009. Some notable participants shortly after the episode began. The girls met Mr. & Ms. J in Palm Springs; later, they met Tyra. Their first challenge was a runway walk modeling clothes from Cynthia Rowley. The girls were split into categories as defined by the fashion industry – "quirky," "sexy," "strong bone structure," "browns," "blonds" and "brunettes" – and were tasked to stand out from their competition. Tensions rose when Kacey instigated Lexie to verbalize Jordan's supposed lack of desire for the competition, when it was in fact, just a misunderstanding, causing Lexie to be deemed malicious by some of the girls. Also, Emily was questionably accused of being a racist. Later, the interviews commenced, and the group was pared down to 20 who moved on to a Cynthia Rowley garden party where they were paired up for a photo shoot. Later that night, the final 14 girls were chosen. Special guest: Cynthia Rowley (/wiki/Cynthia_Rowley) 175 2 "Diane von Furstenberg" September 15, 2010 ( 2010-09-15 ) 2.88 [4] (#cite_note-Premiere15-4) The chosen 14 girls arrived at Venice Beach, California, where they met Venice Beach icon Harry Perry, who passed them the keys to their new loft. Amongst the first few conversations in the house, Ann's awkwardness raised eyebrows, Anamaria admitted to taking a carbohydrate-restricted diet in order to remain thin, and Kayla revealed she was a lesbian. Afterwards, they were taken to the Hollywood and Highland Center (/wiki/Hollywood_and_Highland_Center) , and were tasked to walk in a Diane von Furstenberg runway that is hoisted 4 storeys in the air; they also had to do their own hair and makeup. Kacey faced some trouble when she was unable to see the end of the runway because of her myopia, but put on a strong performance nevertheless; and Anamaria fell on her way backstage. This week's photo shoot takes place at Smashbox Studios, themed on "Teen Bullying." Tyra and singer/actress Demi Lovato dropped by at the shoot to offer advice and raise awareness. Each girl was drawn with a word that hurt her the most as a victim of bullying, as well as a "power word" that made her overcome it. At the photo shoot, Ann, Kayla and Chelsey were lauded for their performance, whilst Sara and Terra were criticized for looking plain and nervous respectively. Anamaria on the other hand was castigated for her overt thinness showing on film, which she ignored. At panel, Diane von Fürstenberg sat in as the guest judge. Ann, Kayla, Chelsey and Lexie's pictures received universal praise, and while Kendal's photo was deemed as not doing justice to her beauty, Diane would still hire her in an instant. In the end, Terra landed in the bottom two, but it was Anamaria's lack of regard for how thin she was that got her eliminated. Featured photographer: Deborah Anderson Special guests: Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , Harry Perry (/wiki/Harry_Perry_(musician)) , Isaac Prado, Anita Patrickson, Marky Andrews, Damien Carney 176 3 "Patricia Field" September 22, 2010 ( 2010-09-22 ) 2.82 [5] (#cite_note-5) Tyra dropped by at the house and informed the girls that they would receive makeovers. Tyra also giving some clues for the girls and which makeovers they will have, such as: Kayla will be given a new look that is fire like, Kendal will given "more sensuality and sexuality," Sara is getting darker than she is, both of Ann and Rhianna will given a look that make their edgy and quirky look more sophisticated, while Chris will given something that "flows her up." Panic ran through the house when Liz found a list of fantasy makeovers created by Ann, Lexie and Rhianna and assumed the credulous makeovers as genuine. However, their excitement quickly faded when they are told that whoever performed the worst at the post-makeover shoot would be eliminated. A large majority of girls were satisfied by their new looks, except Liz and Terra, who were both averse to having a shorter hairstyle. Sara and Lexie struggled at the makeover shoot, but Terra was deemed the worst and was sent home. This week's photo shoot took place on the beaches of Malibu, where the girls posed as fallen angels while evoking different kinds of emotions. At panel, Patricia Field sat as the guest judge. A large majority of the photos receive mixed to negative critiques, with only Ann, Kayla, Chelsey and Chris photos standing out. Sara and Lexie landed in the bottom two for having the most unsatisfactory photos. Tyra cited Sara's inability to translate her beauty in photos (despite a drastic makeover) for her elimination. Featured photographers: Keith Major (makeovers), Anne Menke (photoshoot) Special guests: Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) , Matthew Preece, Edgardo Falcon Jr., Ryan Stybel, Michael Kanyon, Marco Berardini 177 4 "Matthew Rolston" September 29, 2010 ( 2010-09-29 ) 2.91 [6] (#cite_note-6) Kacey invited the male models from the previous photo shoot over for dinner. The next day, the girls arrived at Knott's Berry Farm (/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm) for their first reward challenge – they evoked an emotion while riding the park's, Silver Bullet roller coaster. Most of the girls struggled, most notably Chris, who was petrified by the ride. Liz was deemed the best and she won a feature on Tyra.com, photographed by Tyra herself. She chose Chris and Kayla to accompany her, and all three were surprised by a tea party with Tyra. Back at the house, the girls ganged up on Kacey because of the latter's inability to clean up her own kitchen mess and pretentious demeanor. This week's photo shoot required the girls to portray underwater goddesses while modeling sea creatures, jewelry from Martin Katz, Neil Lane and Mikimoto. Jay was very impressed by Esther who brought emotion and her beauty to the shot, but very annoyed with Liz who kept complaining about her makeup sticking to her contact lenses. Rhianna was castigated because her "flower-child" posing style do not fit well with the concept of the shoot. At panel, Ann's photo blew away again the judges. Kendal, Esther, Kacey, Chris, and Kayla also shone in their pictures. Lexie was cautioned not to rely on having profile shots. Rhianna's lack of versatility and Liz's constant complaining landed them in the bottom two. In the end, Tyra handed the last photo to Liz, sending Rhianna home. Featured photographer: Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) Special guests: Valente Frazier, Julie Matos, Troy Jensen, Michael Kanyon 178 5 "Karolina Kurkova" October 6, 2010 ( 2010-10-06 ) 2.85 [7] (#cite_note-7) Miss. J. led the girls into 2nd Street Tunnel (/wiki/2nd_Street_Tunnel) in Downtown Los Angeles (/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles) where they were challenged to walk on a conveyor belt runway while wearing designs by Hervé Leger (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Leger) . While a majority of the girls stumbled through the catwalk, Kacey was deemed the best, and was awarded Lisa Freede jewelry. Andre and supermodel Karolína Kurková dropped by the house, and Karolina taught the girls about personality and watchful eating. Back at the house, Kacey again clashed with Lexie and Liz. This week's photo shoot had the girls pose with Lucha libre (/wiki/Lucha_libre) wrestlers. At judging, Ann admitted that she struggled in her photo shoot, but the judges nevertheless loved her photograph, and she was called first for the fourth successive time. Jane landed in the bottom two for her apparent lack of presence, which the judges felt the kept her photos satisfactory, while Lexie was lambasted for her stifled posing, resulting in mediocre photos. Despite a vivacious personality, Lexie was sent home. Featured photographers: Eddie Brakha, Moshe Brakha ("Brakha Squared") Special guests: Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) , Robert Steinken, Sunnie Brook Jones, Charlie Altuna, Jany Stanley 179 6 "Patrick Demarchelier" October 13, 2010 ( 2010-10-13 ) 2.95 [8] (#cite_note-8) The girls were split into threes for a CoverGirl challenge at Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , where Esther, Kacey and Kayla had the overall best sales pitch; Kacey received the most votes from the public while Ann had the lowest. The trio won a shopping spree at Walmart's CoverGirl aisle, but Esther won an additional US$1,000 Walmart gift card for having the best makeup look. The girls went to Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) for this week's photo shoot with photographer Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) . They were joined by male models as they strutted down Rodeo Drive while posing in clothing hand-picked for them by fashion stylist Lori Goldstein. The shoot was divided in three parts – a group shot with a man, a moving shot and solo beauty shot, leaving Chris to do solo. At panel, while Kendal and Jane received tremendous praise, but it was Ann, whose all three photos were again deemed the best, making a record of five consecutive first call-outs. Kayla's move in air photo (which she blamed on the discomfort caused by her undersized shoes) landed her in the bottom two, but it was Kacey, despite being deemed by the judges as having a great runway walk and spokesperson ability, who was eliminated for producing consistently lackluster photographs. Featured photographer: Patrick Demarchelier Special guests: Lori Goldstein, Derek Blasberg (/wiki/Derek_Blasberg) , Molly Stern 180 7 "Francesco Carrozzini" October 20, 2010 ( 2010-10-20 ) 3.00 [9] (#cite_note-9) The girls arrived at the Grammy Museum (/wiki/Grammy_Museum) , where they meet Neil Portnow (/wiki/Neil_Portnow) , CEO of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (/wiki/The_Recording_Academy) . They split into four teams of two and were tasked to create a Grammy worthy look for their partner. Ann gave Chelsey a severely oversized dress, much to the latter's chagrin, whilst Kendal's dress for Chris was likened to that from a strip, and Kayla went against Liz' desire for a fancy gown and instead got her sequined pants. Nonetheless, Mr. Jay deemed Kayla and Liz the best and they won the challenge, but Neil ultimately picked Kayla to win the reward of being a presenter at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) in February 2011. This week's photo shoot required the girls to portray notable celebrated fashion designers. At panel, Liz' portrayal was deemed the best, thus breaking Ann's five consecutive first call-outs. Kendal's shoot was deemed weak, while Esther failed to bring enough masculinity in her portrayal of a man, and they both landed in the bottom two. Although the judges felt that Kendal had a more unique look for the industry, they also felt that she needed more experience and development, thus sending her home. Featured photographer: Francesco Carrozzini (/wiki/Francesco_Carrozzini) Special guests: Neil Portnow, Rushka Bergman (/wiki/Rushka_Bergman) , Amy Orseman, Johnny Stuntz 181 8 "Zac Posen" October 27, 2010 ( 2010-10-27 ) 2.66 [11] (#cite_note-11) Miss. J made a surprise visit at the house, where he brought along famed fashion designer Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) . Zac informed the girls that they will be in his Fall 2010 Z-Spoke collection fashion show. The girls' professionalism were challenged when few of the working models they worked with constantly tried to break their confidence. After the show, it was revealed that the brutish demeanor that the other models had shown was an additional test. Chelsey was selected as the winner, and she won five looks from the collection. Instead of a photo shoot, the girls were filming their first commercial for a fictitious H2T energy drink while riding roller skates with Nigel as their director. Most of the girls struggled. In particular, Ann fell numerous times while Kayla struggled feeling intimate around her male model due to a sexual assault that occurred during her childhood. Liz frustrated Nigel for failing to take the shoot seriously and laughing whenever she stumbled. At panel, Chris's confident performance won her a clear first call-out. All the other girls struggled to some degree, although Jane and Chelsey are told they improved as the shoot went on. Ann and Esther were deemed the worst, but Ann was saved on the sheer strength of her photos, eliminating Esther. Featured commercial director: Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) Special guests: Zac Posen, Johnny Stuntz, Joanna Konjevod, Amanda Fields [10] (#cite_note-10) 182 9 "Margherita Missoni" November 3, 2010 ( 2010-11-03 ) 2.96 [12] (#cite_note-12) Miss J. brought the girls cycling to Venice (/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles) , where they met Tyra sitting on a gondola. Tyra informed them that they would be traveling to the namesake city in Italy (/wiki/Venice) for the remainder of the competition. This week’s photo shoot took place in the Grand Canal (/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Venice)) , with the girls posing in period couture gowns while lounging on a gondola by a group of three. Ann struggled to find her sexiness, while Chris and Liz struggled with numerous awkward actions and scenes. After the shoot was prematurely ended because of the rain, Jay announced that the girls would be headed to Milan (/wiki/Milan) for the rest of the competition. The girls were surprised about how their house was not as lavish as per previous seasons. Tyra arrived and explained that this was done intentionally to give the girls a taste of how new models actually lived. The next day, the girls visited the Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) Fashion House in Milan and walked for CEO Angela Missoni (/wiki/Angela_Missoni) as well as her daughter and heiress to the fashion line, Margherita (/wiki/Margherita_Missoni) , in their Fall collection. At judging, Chelsey and Liz nearly passed out due to the Italian summer heat, prompting Tyra to allow the contestants to sit down during the photo evaluations. Kayla received universal praise, Jane received praise for pushing through even with her hair in her face, while the rest all received mixed reviews. Chris landed in the bottom two because her vivacious personality did not match up to the photographs she took, but the judges once again cited Liz’s "excuses" and she was eliminated. Featured photographer: Simone Falcetta Special guests: Margherita Missoni, Angela Missoni, Lidia Permunian, Fabio D'Onofrio, Mario D'Amico, Alessandro Possati 183 10 "Kyle Hagler" November 10, 2010 ( 2010-11-10 ) 2.69 [13] (#cite_note-13) Before sending the girls to the streets of Milan for go-sees, Tyra helped them organize their portfolios. Amongst their four appointments was Versace (/wiki/Versace) – and all the girls naturally headed there first. After the four visited Versace, Chelsey decided to separate from the others, while Chris injured her ankle on the way back. Everybody only managed to visit one go-see, except for Chelsey for visited two. Jane, Chris and Chelsey all managed to get back in time. Ann managed to get back just a few minutes after the time ends, while Kayla really lost and ended up late several hours. Ann was the only one who booked Versace, but Chelsey won the challenge for visited two go-sees and came back in time. This week's photo shoot took place at Lake Como, where the girls were to portray statues that came to life. Ann, Chelsey and Kayla all performed well, whilst Chris’s ankle injury caused her some pain, and Jane struggled to be passionate with her male model, causing her to break down. IMG Models executive manager Kyle Hagler is this week's guest judge. While receiving critique, Jane again became emotional about her being unable to show her personality in front of them. Before deliberations, Tyra castigated all the girls for doing poorly at their go-sees. Jane's consistent lack of presence and Chris's lack of high fashion ability landed them in the bottom two. However, Jane’s meltdown during the photo shoot and at panel made the judges see a crack of her personality, and Chris was eliminated. Featured photographer: Nigel Barker Special guests: Kyle Hagler, Giovanni Di Corrinto, Andrea Cairo, Angelo Azzena, Danilo Di Pasquale, Vincenzo Cavicchi, Simone Bredariol 184 11 "Franca Sozzani" November 17, 2010 ( 2010-11-17 ) 2.49 [14] (#cite_note-14) The girls met Miss J. and acting coach Barbara Terrinoni, who taught them about acting and emoting. Later, their personalities and confidence were put to the test when they met one-on-one with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) 's editor-in-chief, Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) . Franca was impressed by Ann’s pictures, but ultimately chose Chelsey to win the prize of a private viewing of Leonardo da Vinci (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) ’s The Last Supper (/wiki/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)) with André Leon Talley, as well as an overnight stay at a seven star Milan hotel called the Town House Galleria (/wiki/Town_House_Galleria) , which she shared with Kayla. The girls arrived in Verona, where Jay informed them that two of them will be eliminated at the next panel. Tyra directed the girls during a motion editorial challenge that requires them to bring their poses to life with movement and emotion. At panel, Franca sat as the guest judge. Jane received the highest praise by the judges, praised for embraced her wild and dark side through the motion editorial and seemed to has mastered her angles. Ann and Chelsey also received good reviews, Ann was praised for looked the sexiest she ever has on the show and Chelsey was recommended for her strong presence, but the judges criticized the former for her lack of charisma in front of the camera and the latter for consistently did the same expression every frames. Kayla, on the other hand, received the most critique of the week, severely criticized for hasn't mastered her angles yet even after so many weeks on the competition, her lack of presence, and the judges curious that she only can translate her beauty features on photos. After a very hard deliberation, Ann, for her super strong portfolio, ability to learn and great work on set, created an all-time high record after receiving her sixth collective first call-out of the cycle, leaving Chelsey, Jane and Kayla in the bottom three. Chelsey was noted for her passion in modeling, but her photos was never the best. Kayla was praised for her strong portfolio, but criticized for performing the worst and she hasn't mastered her angles yet weeks after weeks, and Jane was strongly warned by Tyra for her lack of presence in front of the judges, despite having improved greatly for the past weeks and has the best motion editorial work of the week. Tyra handed Chelsey the final photo, thus eliminating both Jane and Kayla. After the credits, Tyra premiered her directorial debut of Modelli Folli (“Model Madness”). Featured director: Tyra Banks Special guests: Franca Sozzani, Barbara Terrinoni, Valentina Serra, Francesca Berardi 185 12 "High Fashion Highlights" November 24, 2010 ( 2010-11-24 ) 1.84 [15] (#cite_note-15) This is the recap episode of the cycle chronicling the first eleven episodes, and included some unbroadcast footage. Catfights between Kayla and Lexie; Chris and Kacey. Chelsey's 23rd birthday, Jane's makeover to a thug and her potential plan to Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) concert (/wiki/My_World_Tour) tickets, Chris' unseen departure from the competition and many more. 186 13 "Roberto Cavalli" December 1, 2010 ( 2010-12-01 ) 3.36 [16] (#cite_note-16) Ann and Chelsey were sent to do their Vogue Italia cover shots, where the photographer lauded them both. They arrived at Orta San Giulio (/wiki/Orta_San_Giulio) and were sent to shoot their CoverGirl commercial, where instead of memorizing lines, they were instructed to do voice-overs. After the shoot, their families made a surprise appearance, where it was revealed that they would be sitting at the front row during their final fashion show. The next day, the final two met IMG Models executive Ivan Bart, where Ivan was pleased with Chelsey's personality and modeling experience, while Ann was advised to work on her personality, though her photos impressed. Ann and Chelsey were joined by cycle 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) winner Krista White (/wiki/Krista_White) and eliminated girls Chris, Kayla, Jane and Liz as they walked for Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) 's Just Cavalli line. At panel, Jay Manuel and Roberto Cavalli sat as guest judges. Chelsey's walk was deemed focused but stiff, while Ann's was much improved but was chastised for her "scared" facial expressions. For their voice-overs, Chelsey's natural smile was universally praised but the judges thought she was an actress more than a model; Ann's voice was castigated but she looked stunning in the commercial. Chelsey's CoverGirl ad was unanimously deemed beautiful, although it may have been too pretty for a makeup ad, although her ease during the shoot itself was praised. Though Ann's photo was deemed beautiful, it was chastised for being too editorial, which made the judges worry if she could do commercial modelling. During deliberations, the judges were torn over the "breakout star" Ann and her rare high fashion look, and "professional model" Chelsey's all-American girl-next-door persona, as well as her immense knowledge of the fashion industry. Ann was named the winner of America's Next Top Model . Featured photographers: Vincent Peters, Federico De Angelis Special guests: Valentina Serra, Roberto Cavalli, Ivan Bart, Krista White Summaries Call-out order Order Episodes 1 [a] (#cite_note-17) 2 3 [b] (#cite_note-18) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [c] (#cite_note-19) 13 1 Anamaria Ann Ann Ann Ann Ann Liz Chris Kayla Kayla Ann Ann 2 Kendal Kayla Kayla Kacey Chris Jane Kayla Jane Jane Chelsey Chelsey Chelsey 3 Rhianna Chelsey Chelsey Esther Chelsey Kendal Ann Chelsey Chelsey Ann Jane Kayla 4 Chris Kendal Chris Chris Kayla Esther Chelsey Kayla Ann Jane 5 Jane Lexie Rhianna Kendal Liz Chris Chris Liz Chris Chris 6 Chelsey Liz Liz Lexie Esther Chelsey Jane Ann Liz 7 Liz Jane Jane Kayla Kacey Liz Esther Esther 8 Sara Esther Kacey Jane Kendal Kayla Kendal 9 Lexie Chris Kendal Chelsey Jane Kacey 10 Esther Rhianna Esther Liz Lexie 11 Kacey Kacey Lexie Rhianna 12 Kayla Sara Sara 13 Ann Terra Terra 14 Terra Anamaria The contestant was eliminated The contestant was eliminated outside of the judging panel The contestant won the competition Bottom two Episode Contestants Eliminated 2 Anamaria & Terra Anamaria 3 Lexie & Sara Sara 4 Liz & Rhianna Rhianna 5 Jane & Lexie Lexie 6 Kacey & Kayla Kacey 7 Esther & Kendal Kendal 8 Ann & Esther Esther 9 Chris & Liz Liz 10 Chris & Jane Chris 11 Chelsey, Jane & Kayla Jane Kayla 13 Ann & Chelsey Chelsey The contestant was eliminated after their first time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their second time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their third time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated in the final judging and placed as the runner-up Average call-out order Casting call-out order and final two are not included. Rank by average Place Model Call-out total Number of call-outs Call-out average 1 1 Ann 22 10 2.20 2 3–4 Kayla 34 3.40 3 2 Chelsey 38 3.80 4 5 Chris 40 9 4.44 5 3–4 Jane 50 10 5.00 6 6 Liz 46 8 5.75 7 8 Kendal 37 6 6.17 8 7 Esther 45 7 6.43 9 9 Kacey 37 5 7.40 10 10 Lexie 32 4 8.00 11 11 Rhianna 26 3 8.67 12 12 Sara 24 2 12.00 13 13 Terra 13 1 13.00 14 14 Anamaria 14 14.00 Photo shoots Episode 1 photo shoot: Paired up wearing Cynthia Rowley (/wiki/Cynthia_Rowley) designs (casting) Episode 2 photo shoot: Teen bullying Episode 3 photo shoot: Fallen angels Episode 4 photo shoot: Underwater beauty shots Episode 5 photo shoot: Lucha Va Voom (/wiki/Lucha_libre) Episode 6 photo shoot: Walking down Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) Episode 7 photo shoot: Portraying iconic fashion designers Episode 8 commercial: H2T water on roller skates Episode 9 photo shoot: Gondola (/wiki/Gondola) group shoot with a casanova (/wiki/Casanova) Episode 10 photo shoot: Marble statues coming to life Episode 11 motion editorial: Modelli folli ("Model Madness") Episode 13 photo shoot and commercial: CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) Lash Blast Fusion print ad and commercial; beauty In Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) spreads Makeovers Terra – Cut short and dyed black Sara – Cut to shoulder length and dyed chocolate brown with bleached eyebrows Rhianna – Long wavy brown extensions with blonde highlights Lexie – Dyed light brown Kacey – Long black weave and contacts instead of glasses Kendal – Long, straight middle-part black weave Esther – Dyed black Liz – Pixie cut Chris – Long wavy dark brown weave Kayla – Cut to shoulder length with bangs and dyed bright red with bleached eyebrows Jane – Dyed light brown with blonde highlights Chelsey – Trimmed, dyed ice blonde and tooth gap accentuated Ann – Long copper brown extensions Post- Top Model careers Anamaria Mirdita has taken test shots. [17] (#cite_note-20) Terra White has pursued modeling but has not been signed by an agency. [18] (#cite_note-21) Sara Blackamore did not state a desire to continue modeling after the show. [19] (#cite_note-22) Rhianna Atwood was signed by Paragon Model Management in Mexico City [20] (#cite_note-23) and appeared in Refix Magazine. [21] (#cite_note-24) Lexie Tomchek has done test shots but declared a hesitancy about continuing to model after the show, [22] (#cite_note-25) and declared a desire to pursue acting in Chicago. [23] (#cite_note-26) Kacey Leggett has continued to model, including at Miami Swim Week in 2018 [24] (#cite_note-27) and in an advertisement for Mia Beccar. She is represented by TNG Models in Las Vegas. [25] (#cite_note-28) Kendal Brown declared a desire to continue modeling in Atlanta after the show. [26] (#cite_note-29) Esther Petrack studied Hebrew at Hebrew University in Jerusalem after appearing on the show. [27] (#cite_note-30) She emigrated to Israel in 2012 [28] (#cite_note-31) and joined the IDF. [29] (#cite_note-32) Liz Williams declared a desire to continue modeling [30] (#cite_note-33) or be a television host after the show and pursued a degree in architecture. [31] (#cite_note-34) She has taken test shots. [32] (#cite_note-35) Chris White declared a desire to start acting again after the show. [33] (#cite_note-36) Jane Randall signed with IMG Models. She has appeared in Vogue Italia , the New York Times Magazine, and on the cover of Women's Wear Daily . She has models for Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale's, and other retailers online, and walked in runway shows at New York Fashion Week in 2011 and 2012. In 2017, she started to run "The Jersey Report," a New Jersey-focused right wing blog. [34] (#cite_note-37) Kayla Ferrel signed with a modeling agency in Japan and participated in season 17 of Top Model . [35] (#cite_note-38) Chelsey Hersley signed with Passport Model Management in San Francisco and Urban Talent Management in Boise. [36] (#cite_note-39) Ann Ward won a contract with CoverGirl, a contract with IMG Models, and a spread in Vogue Italia. [37] (#cite_note-40) Since then, she has booked some ad campaigns with small designers, [38] (#cite_note-41) appeared in Velvet Magazine , [39] (#cite_note-42) and walked in some high fashion runway shows. [40] (#cite_note-43) She also posts artwork online. [41] (#cite_note-44) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-17) The pool of 32 girls was reduced to 14. This call-out order does not reflect their performances that week. ^ (#cite_ref-18) In episode 3, Terra was eliminated after the makeover shoot for having the worst reaction to her makeover and performing the worst at the shoot. ^ (#cite_ref-19) In episode 11, Chelsey, Jane and Kayla were called forward as the bottom three. Tyra handed the last photo to Chelsey, eliminating the other two. 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"Exclusive: Liz Williams talks about 'America's Next Top Model' (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-liz-williams-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11700.php) " (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-liz-williams-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11700.php) . Reality TV World . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101111235158/http://www.realitytvworld.com:80/news/exclusive-liz-williams-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11700.php) from the original on November 11, 2010 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Eby, Margaret (November 4, 2010). " (https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/11/americas-next-top-model-liz-rocks-the-boat.html) 'America's Next Top Model': Liz rocks the boat" (https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/11/americas-next-top-model-liz-rocks-the-boat.html) . LA Times Blogs - Show Tracker . 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Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Friedman, Matt. "New Jersey gets its own version of the Drudge Report" (https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2017/01/new-jersey-gets-its-own-version-of-the-drudge-report-109043) . Politico PRO . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Kayla Ferrel" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475354/Kayla-Ferrel) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Chelsey Hersley" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475349/Chelsey-Hersley) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Finn, Natalie (December 2, 2010). "America's Next Top Model Winner Reaches New Heights" (https://www.eonline.com/news/213961/americas_next_top_model_winner_reaches) . E! Online . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Boardman, Madeline (July 27, 2017). " (https://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/) 'America's Next Top Model': Where Are They Now?" (https://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/) . EW.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151205200128/http://www.ew.com:80/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now) from the original on December 5, 2015 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Ann Ward" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475345/Ann-Ward) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Sander, Brice (March 6, 2015). "Here's What Every "America's Next Top Model" Winner Looks Like Today" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/bricesander/wanna-be-on-top-top-top-top) . BuzzFeed . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150307115135/http://www.buzzfeed.com/bricesander/wanna-be-on-top-top-top-top) from the original on March 7, 2015 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Nikas, Joanna (December 4, 2015). " (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html) 'America's Next Top Model' Winners: Where Are They Now?" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . External links Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20070115234652/http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/) v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) 10 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) 12 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_12) 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_13) 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) 15 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) 17: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_17) All-Stars 18: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_18) British Invasion 19: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_19) College Edition 20: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_20) Guys & Girls 21: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_21) Guys & Girls 22: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_22) Guys & Girls 23 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_23) 24 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_24) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Adrianne Curry (/wiki/Adrianne_Curry) Yoanna House (/wiki/Yoanna_House) Eva Pigford (/wiki/Eva_Marcille) Naima Mora (/wiki/Naima_Mora) Nicole Linkletter (/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter) Danielle Evans (/wiki/Dani_Evans) CariDee English (/wiki/CariDee_English) Jaslene Gonzalez (/wiki/Jaslene_Gonzalez) Saleisha Stowers (/wiki/Sal_Stowers) Whitney Thompson (/wiki/Whitney_Thompson) McKey Sullivan (/wiki/McKey_Sullivan) Teyona Anderson Nicole Fox (/wiki/Nicole_Fox) Krista White Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) Brittani Kline (/wiki/Brittani_Kline) Lisa D'Amato (/wiki/Lisa_D%27Amato) Sophie Sumner (/wiki/Sophie_Sumner) Laura James (/wiki/Laura_James) Jourdan Miller (/wiki/Jourdan_Miller) Keith Carlos (/wiki/Keith_Carlos) Nyle DiMarco (/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco) India Gants (/wiki/India_Gants) Kyla Coleman Other alumni Elyse Sewell (/wiki/Elyse_Sewell) Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (/wiki/Mercedes_Scelba-Shorte) Yaya DaCosta (/wiki/Yaya_DaCosta) Toccara Jones (/wiki/Toccara_Jones) Bre Scullark (/wiki/Bre_Scullark) Kim Stolz (/wiki/Kim_Stolz) Cassandra Whitehead (/wiki/Cassandra_Jean) Jade Cole (/wiki/Jade_Cole) Eugena Washington (/wiki/Eugena_Washington) Anchal Joseph (/wiki/Anchal_Joseph) Renee DeWitt (/wiki/Renee_Alway) Heather Kuzmich (/wiki/Heather_Kuzmich) Fatima Siad (/wiki/Fatima_Siad) Lio Tipton (/wiki/Lio_Tipton) Marjorie Conrad (/wiki/Marjorie_Conrad) Isis King (/wiki/Isis_King) Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) Natalie Pack (/wiki/Natalie_Pack) Laura Kirkpatrick (/wiki/Laura_Kirkpatrick) Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) Eboni Davis (/wiki/Ebonee_Davis) AzMarie Livingston (/wiki/AzMarie_Livingston) Jasmia Robinson (/wiki/Jasmia_Robinson) Leila Goldkuhl (/wiki/Leila_Goldkuhl) Cory Wade Hindorff (/wiki/Cory_Wade_Hindorff) Chantelle Young (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Khrystyana Kazakova (/wiki/Khrystyana_Kazakova) Related series Modelville (/wiki/Modelville) (2008) Stylista (/wiki/Stylista) (2008) True Beauty (/wiki/True_Beauty_(American_TV_series)) (2009–2010) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐8698f5b84d‐xqk54 Cached time: 20240717210204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.005 seconds Real time usage: 1.225 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8005/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 292392/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14702/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 183892/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.648/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 25569648/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1102.928 1 -total 29.26% 322.704 2 Template:Reflist 24.70% 272.400 40 Template:Cite_web 20.69% 228.232 1 Template:Infobox_television_season 18.37% 202.638 2 Template:Infobox 15.98% 176.276 1 Template:Episode_table 14.14% 155.928 13 Template:Episode_list/sublist 13.16% 145.106 3 Template:Ambox 8.78% 96.867 1 Template:Multiple_issues 8.45% 93.192 1 Template:America's_Next_Top_Model Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28430520-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717210204 and revision id 1232434111. 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This article is about the opopanax of perfumery. For the true opopanax, see Opopanax (genus) (/wiki/Opopanax_(genus)) . Bisabol, the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii Opopanax is the commercial name of bisabol or bissabol , the fragrant oleo (/wiki/Oleoresin) - gum (/wiki/Natural_gum) - resin (/wiki/Resin) of Commiphora guidottii (/wiki/Commiphora_guidottii) . It has been a major export article from Somalia (/wiki/Somalia) since ancient times, and is called hebbakhade , habaghadi or habak hadi ( habbak haddi ) in Somali (/wiki/Somali_language) . It is an important ingredient in perfumery (/wiki/Perfumery) and therefore known as scented myrrh , sweet myrrh , perfumed myrrh or perfumed bdellium . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Sometimes the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora holtziana (/w/index.php?title=Commiphora_holtziana&action=edit&redlink=1) (often treated as a synonym of C. erythraea or C. kataf ), called habak hagar , habaq hagar ad [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) or habbak harr [2] (#cite_note-2) in Somali, is also sold under the name of opopanax. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Etymology [ edit ] Main article: Opopanax (genus) § Etymology (/wiki/Opopanax_(genus)#Etymology) "Opopanax" originally refers to the gum resin from plants of the genus Opoponax (/wiki/Opopanax_(genus)) which is used in herbal medicine (/wiki/Herbal_medicine) rather than perfumery. In the early 20th century, the name "opopanax" was misapplied to bisabol in perfumery. Nowadays the true opopanax is seldom used and the commercial opopanax is almost exclusively bisabol. To distinguish bisabol from the true opoponax, it is often alternatively spelled opoponax , and sometimes referred to as the opopanax of perfumery or perfumery's opopanax . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Botanical origin [ edit ] The true botanical origin of perfumery's opopanax is a tree native to Somalia and Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) , Commiphora guidottii (/wiki/Commiphora_guidottii) Chiov. ex Guid. , known as hadi in Somali. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It has been mistakenly believed that the opopanax of perfumery comes from Commiphora erythraea (/w/index.php?title=Commiphora_erythraea&action=edit&redlink=1) (Ehrenb.) Engl. or Commiphora kataf subsp. erythraea (Ehrenb.) J.B.Gillett , owing to historical misidentification. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) C. erythraea sensu stricto is narrowly distributed in the coastal region of the Red Sea, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) but C. erythraea sensu lato incorporates Commiphora holtziana (/w/index.php?title=Commiphora_holtziana&action=edit&redlink=1) Engl. which is widely distributed in East Africa, [3] (#cite_note-3) known as hagar ad or hagar in Somali. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The oleo-gum-resin of hagar ad is sometimes sold under the name of opopanax or perfumed bdellium. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) This is not only because of historical misidentification, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) but also attributable to their similar scents. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The oleo-gum-resin of hagar ad ( C. holtziana or C. erythraea ) is considered the second strongest-scented bdellium after that of hadi ( C. guidottii ). [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Uses [ edit ] A resinoid (/wiki/Resinoid) is prepared from the oleo-gum-resin by solvent extraction (/wiki/Solvent_extraction) . Steam distillation (/wiki/Steam_distillation) of the resin gives the essential oil (/wiki/Essential_oil) , which has a warm, sweet, balsamic odor. Opopanax oil and resinoid are used in perfumes with oriental (/wiki/Oriental) characteristics. An IFRA (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) recommendation exists. [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] L'Opoponax (/wiki/L%27Opoponax) , a 1964 novel by Monique Wittig (/wiki/Monique_Wittig) Opopanax (genus) (/wiki/Opopanax_(genus)) Myrrh (/wiki/Myrrh) Bdellium (/wiki/Bdellium) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thulin, Mats; Claeson, Per (1991). "The botanical origin of scented myrrh (bissabol or habak hadi)" (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02930711) . Economic Botany . 45 (4): 487–494. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/BF02930711 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02930711) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0013-0001 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0001) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 4255391 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4255391) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 22229398 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22229398) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cufodontis, Georg (1956). "Supplement: Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia)" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3666927) . Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles . 26 (3): 345–440. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3666927 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3666927) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0374-6313 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0374-6313) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3666927 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3666927) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Gillett, Jan Bevington (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa: Burseraceae . Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press. p. 81. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-6191-355-9 . ^ a b c Drake-Brockman, Ralph E. (1912). British Somaliland . London, England: Hurst & Blackett, Ltd. pp. 312–313. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Karl-Georg Fahlbusch; et al. (2007), "Flavors and Fragrances", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.), Wiley, pp. 107–108 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐648b78d466‐bwmp9 Cached time: 20240624224936 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.135 seconds Real time usage: 0.186 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 357/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10517/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21573/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.089/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4346791/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 153.520 1 -total 50.58% 77.657 2 Template:Cite_journal 33.05% 50.733 1 Template:About 5.57% 8.554 2 Template:Cite_book 3.27% 5.023 1 Template:Citation 2.75% 4.216 1 Template:Main Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42308148-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624224936 and revision id 1131255643. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opopanax_(perfumery)&oldid=1131255643 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opopanax_(perfumery)&oldid=1131255643) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Resins (/wiki/Category:Resins) Perfume ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Incense material (/wiki/Category:Incense_material) |
Late 2000s-early 2010s aesthetic trend GQ (/wiki/GQ) described Pete Doherty (/wiki/Pete_Doherty) as "the original indie sleaze pin-up (/wiki/Pin-up_model) " Indie sleaze was a fashion style popular in the United States and United Kingdom from approximately 2006 to 2012. Characterised by an affordable, messy and lethargic take on vintage (/wiki/Vintage_(design)) fashion styles, especially the 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) , the style was particularly popular amongst the hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) subculture and indie rock (/wiki/Indie_rock) bands. Originating in the late 1990s and early 2000s amongst New York City indie rock bands like the Strokes (/wiki/The_Strokes) , Yeah Yeah Yeahs (/wiki/Yeah_Yeah_Yeahs) and Interpol (/wiki/Interpol_(band)) , the style began as a way for bands to visually reference the 1960s and 1970s artists they were musically influenced by. In the following years, the style was adopted by English musicians, models and internet personalities including Pete Doherty (/wiki/Pete_Doherty) , Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) and Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) , who brought the style into mainstream popularity while expanding it into a more maximalist style which also embraced elements of 1980s and 1990s fashion. Indie sleaze's embrace by the mainstream in the mid–2000s was an optimistic response to the Great Recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) and led to a rise in amateur flash photography and hedonistic partying and drug use. It experienced a resurgence in the early 2020s, when the style was first named and became popular on social media platforms such as Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) and TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Fashion [ edit ] A woman in indie sleaze fashion Indie sleaze fashion was characterized by traits of 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) and 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) fashion, in addition to grunge fashion (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) , [2] (#cite_note-Kearney,_2023-2) which Daniel Rodgers of Dazed (/wiki/Dazed_(magazine)) described as "grubby, maximalist, and performatively vintage" [3] (#cite_note-bvogue-3) and by NME (/wiki/NME) ' s El Hunt as being defined by a sense of "chaotic spontaneity", [4] (#cite_note-nme-4) The style was particularly popular amongst the hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) subculture. [5] (#cite_note-vogue1-5) [6] (#cite_note-britishgq-6) [7] (#cite_note-nylon-7) [8] (#cite_note-harpbazaar-8) Vice (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)) ' s Arielle Richards described indie sleaze as a combination of other trends and styles, such as twee (/wiki/Twee_pop) , scene (/wiki/Scene_(subculture)) , and electropop (/wiki/Electropop) ; NME (/wiki/NME) ' s El Hunt wrote that indie sleaze was defined by a sense of "chaotic spontaneity". [9] (#cite_note-vice-9) [4] (#cite_note-nme-4) Clothes including metallic bodysuits (/wiki/Bodysuit) , studded Lita boots manufactured by shoe company Jeffrey Campbell, lamé leggings (/wiki/Shiny_leggings) , shutter shades (/wiki/Shutter_shades) , ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) , [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) chunky gold jewelry, tight t-shirts with ironic slogans, cropped leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jacket) , striped shirts, lensless glasses (/wiki/Lensless_glasses) , [5] (#cite_note-vogue1-5) sheer tops, big belts, plaid pants, [11] (#cite_note-elle-11) tennis skirts, high-top (/wiki/High-top) Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) sneakers, [7] (#cite_note-nylon-7) multiple necklaces, [12] (#cite_note-loffish-12) fedoras, the Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) Motorcycle Bag, stockings with shorts, wired headphones, [13] (#cite_note-marieclaire-13) band T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , and skinny jeans (/wiki/Slim-fit_jeans) , [3] (#cite_note-bvogue-3) as well as other elements such as galaxy prints, "Aztec" prints, [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) side-swept bangs, [7] (#cite_note-nylon-7) "waif-thin" bodies, [14] (#cite_note-stylist-14) grown out roots of bleached hair, [5] (#cite_note-vogue1-5) smudged eyeliner, amateur flash photography (/wiki/Flash_photography) , cigarettes, and drug use have all been listed as hallmarks of indie sleaze. [11] (#cite_note-elle-11) Oftentimes, clothes were bought from American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) . [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) [12] (#cite_note-loffish-12) [15] (#cite_note-15) History [ edit ] Around 2001, a wave of bands including the Strokes (/wiki/The_Strokes) , Yeah Yeah Yeahs (/wiki/Yeah_Yeah_Yeahs) and Interpol (/wiki/Interpol_(band)) began gaining popularity performing a style of indie rock (/wiki/Indie_rock) indebted to 1960s and 1970s groups like the Velvet Underground (/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground) and Television (/wiki/Television_(band)) . With these groups came a cultural nostalgia (/wiki/Nostalgia) for analog technology and fashions of the past. To fit their music, the indie rock bands of the time began to wear clothes which too emulated the fashions of 1970s rock bands, particularly New York's early punk rock scene (/wiki/Punk_rock#New_York_City) . [16] (#cite_note-Tashjian,_2022-16) El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) credited this style as being revived through the influence of Hedi Slimane (/wiki/Hedi_Slimane) 's late 1990s designs for Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(fashion_house)) 's Rive Gauche line. [17] (#cite_note-Rodríguez,_2023-17) In a 2009 interview with GQ (/wiki/GQ) , the Strokes' vocalist Julian Casablancas (/wiki/Julian_Casablancas) explained their clothing style by saying "When [the band] first started playing gigs, instead of getting into a costume for the shows, we talked about how we should dress every day, in real life, like we’re playing onstage, I don’t care about clothes, but it’s about wearing something that gives you social confidence. Or maybe helps you pick up chicks." [18] (#cite_note-18) In the United Kingdom, this style was then adopted by indie rock musician Pete Doherty (/wiki/Pete_Doherty) ; models Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) and Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) ; and fashion blogger Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) , who all combined it with elements of 1980s high fashion and 1990s grunge fashion (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Doherty, in particularly, has been cited by publications including Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , El País and Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) as the person who largely popularised indie sleaze fashion. [17] (#cite_note-Rodríguez,_2023-17) [3] (#cite_note-bvogue-3) [20] (#cite_note-20) Indie rock band the Noisettes (/wiki/The_Noisettes) in 2006 Indie sleaze became embraced by the mainstream around 2006, which led to its adoption by electroclash (/wiki/Electroclash) and electronic music (/wiki/Electronic_music) -influenced indie rock groups including Klaxons (/wiki/Klaxons) , Late of the Pier (/wiki/Late_of_the_Pier) , MGMT (/wiki/MGMT) , Peaches (/wiki/Peaches_(musician)) , LCD Soundsystem (/wiki/LCD_Soundsystem) and Crystal Castles (/wiki/Crystal_Castles) . [4] (#cite_note-nme-4) As this took place, it was embraced by various celebrities and public figures, including singers M.I.A. (/wiki/M.I.A._(rapper)) , [21] (#cite_note-21) Sky Ferreira (/wiki/Sky_Ferreira) , [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) and Beth Ditto (/wiki/Beth_Ditto) ; [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) photographers the Cobrasnake (/wiki/Mark_Hunter_(photographer)) and Terry Richardson (/wiki/Terry_Richardson) , [24] (#cite_note-24) [11] (#cite_note-elle-11) actresses Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Mary-Kate_and_Ashley_Olsen) ; [13] (#cite_note-marieclaire-13) designers Henry Holland (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) and Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) ; and models Cory Kennedy (/wiki/Cory_Kennedy_(model)) , [5] (#cite_note-vogue1-5) Pixie Geldof (/wiki/Pixie_Geldof) [14] (#cite_note-stylist-14) L'Officiel USA (/wiki/L%27Officiel) named the character Effy Stonem (/wiki/Effy_Stonem) from the British television series Skins (/wiki/Skins_(British_TV_series)) "the perfect representative" for [indie sleaze]. [12] (#cite_note-loffish-12) This popularity was also notably tied to the popularity of MySpace (/wiki/MySpace) and the early days of Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) , where many participants posted photographs of their outfits, generally at parties. [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) Samantha Maxwell of Paste (/wiki/Paste_(magazine)) wrote that indie sleaze "feels like a reaction to the early years of Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) 's presidency: The economy may have crashed, but there was still a sense of sparkling optimism in the air." [25] (#cite_note-paste-25) Olivia V similarly stated that indie sleaze began before the Great Recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) , allowing for a sense of optimism. [4] (#cite_note-nme-4) Welsh singer Gwenno (/wiki/Gwenno_Saunders) stated that the indie sleaze period was "very debauched, and probably the last moment where kids had been able to do whatever they want." [26] (#cite_note-26) In the late 2000s, the soft grunge (/wiki/Soft_grunge) fashion style evolved directly from indie sleaze trend, once Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) users began to merge it with darker fashion elements like fishnets, chokers and combat boots. [2] (#cite_note-Kearney,_2023-2) [27] (#cite_note-Zhou,_2022-27) The term "indie sleaze" was coined in 2021, the same year that the style became popular again through TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) , by an Instagram account dedicated to the aesthetic, @indiesleaze, launched by a woman named Olivia V. [8] (#cite_note-harpbazaar-8) The term was inspired by indie music (/wiki/Independent_music) , the 2000s magazine Sleaze , and the Uffie (/wiki/Uffie) lyric "I'll make your sleazy dreams come true." [28] (#cite_note-28) Searches on Google for "indie sleaze" spiked in early 2022. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) This revived interested in indie sleaze in the early 2020s was attributed by publications including Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) and Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) to the style's affordability, carefree nature and post- pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) partying. [10] (#cite_note-dazed1-10) [11] (#cite_note-elle-11) Criticism [ edit ] Arielle Richards of Vice criticized the alleged resurgence of indie sleaze as fake, writing that it was "created by a bunch of overworked millennials trawling Instagram, TikTok, and Google, in a bid to provide the winning take on something that isn't really happening." [9] (#cite_note-vice-9) Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) ' s Naomi May similarly wrote in 2022 that indie sleaze as a trend was a "myth", pointing to the retirement of key figures of indie sleaze, such as Deyn, Holland, Chung, and Doherty, and the body positivity (/wiki/Body_positivity) movement as evidence. [14] (#cite_note-stylist-14) Daniel Dylan Wray of The Quietus (/wiki/The_Quietus) wrote that indie sleaze itself was "contrived into existence as a genre/label" despite having "never existed to begin with", adding, "With indie sleaze, there appears to be little else going on other than some people wallowing in the past while trying to convince themselves that it, or maybe even them, possesses some sort of contemporary relevance." [31] (#cite_note-31) See also [ edit ] Scene (subculture) (/wiki/Scene_(subculture)) Hipster subculture (/wiki/Hipster_subculture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "BBC Radio 6 Music - 6 Music's Indie Forever, Indie Sleaze's NYE House Party - 'Indie Sleaze' is back: the unexpected revival of a 2000s trend" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/lZXRVMKsrZW0KYf747n0xd/indie-sleaze-is-back-the-unexpected-revival-of-a-2000s-trend) . BBC . Retrieved February 25, 2024 . ^ a b Kearney, Michael (June 19, 2023). "Nostalgia in trends: The 2014 Tumblr aesthetic has returned" (https://sbpress.com/2023/06/nostalgia-in-trends-the-2014-tumblr-aesthetic-has-returned/) . Retrieved October 21, 2023 . ^ a b c Kessler, Alex (January 17, 2022). "Are You Ready For The Return Of Indie Sleaze?" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/indie-sleaze-trend-comeback) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220610215550/https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/indie-sleaze-trend-comeback) from the original on June 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022 . ^ a b c d Hunt, El (February 15, 2022). " (https://www.nme.com/features/indie-sleaze-revival-the-maccabees-the-horrors-white-heat-3162006) "There was a sense of optimism": how '00s indie sleaze made a massive comeback" (https://www.nme.com/features/indie-sleaze-revival-the-maccabees-the-horrors-white-heat-3162006) . NME (/wiki/NME) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810054905/https://www.nme.com/features/indie-sleaze-revival-the-maccabees-the-horrors-white-heat-3162006) from the original on August 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ a b c d George, Cassidy (June 2, 2022). "Revisiting Indie Sleaze, as It Happened" (https://www.vogue.com/article/the-cobrasnake-y2ks-archive-mark-hunter-book-indie-sleaze) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220815053646/https://www.vogue.com/article/the-cobrasnake-y2ks-archive-mark-hunter-book-indie-sleaze) from the original on August 15, 2022 . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-britishgq_6-0) Renwick, Finlay (January 21, 2022). "Here's what the rise of "Indie Sleaze" means for your wardrobe" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/indie-sleaze-menswear) . British GQ (/wiki/British_GQ) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220610025428/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/indie-sleaze-menswear) from the original on June 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ a b c Roby, India (October 26, 2021). "The Late-2000s Hipster Era Is Due For A Fashion Comeback" (https://www.nylon.com/fashion/indie-sleaze-2000s-fashion-comeback) . Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220828002257/https://www.nylon.com/fashion/indie-sleaze-2000s-fashion-comeback) from the original on August 28, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022 . ^ a b Slone, Isabel (January 12, 2022). "The Return of Indie Sleaze Style" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a38746992/the-return-of-indie-sleaze/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220807215128/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a38746992/the-return-of-indie-sleaze/) from the original on August 7, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022 . ^ a b Richards, Arielle (March 7, 2022). "The Indie Sleaze 'Revival' Isn't Real – It's Just An Echo Chamber" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/jgmkdp/the-indie-sleaze-revival-isnt-real-its-just-an-echo-chamber) . Vice (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220809201705/https://www.vice.com/en/article/jgmkdp/the-indie-sleaze-revival-isnt-real-its-just-an-echo-chamber) from the original on August 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022 . ^ a b c d e f Rodgers, Daniel (October 29, 2021). "WTF is Indie Sleaze and is it actually making a comeback?" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/54603/1/wtf-is-indie-sleaze-comeback-tiktok-trend-y2k-chanel-saint-laurent-cobrasnake) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211205044449/https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/54603/1/wtf-is-indie-sleaze-comeback-tiktok-trend-y2k-chanel-saint-laurent-cobrasnake) from the original on December 5, 2021 . Retrieved December 5, 2021 . ^ a b c d Hyland, Véronique (May 5, 2022). "How Indie Sleaze Went High Fashion" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a39906578/indie-sleaze-trend-high-fashion/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220809201615/https://www.elle.com/fashion/a39906578/indie-sleaze-trend-high-fashion/) from the original on August 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022 . ^ a b c Lee, Sophie (November 4, 2021). "The Return Of Early 2010s Indie Sleaze" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/the-return-of-early-2010s-indie-sleaze-aesthetic-tumblr) . L'Officiel USA (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810180435/https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/the-return-of-early-2010s-indie-sleaze-aesthetic-tumblr) from the original on August 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ a b Gilchrist, Ava (June 28, 2022). "Allow Us To Reacquaint You With 2008's Most Questionable Trend, Indie Sleaze" (https://www.marieclaire.com.au/indie-sleaze) . Marie Claire Australia (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220422171734/https://www.marieclaire.com.au/indie-sleaze) from the original on April 22, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ a b c May, Naomi (April 20, 2022). "TikTok, Indie Sleaze is a myth, stop trying to make it happen" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/tiktok-indie-sleaze-trend/645794) . Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810054906/https://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/tiktok-indie-sleaze-trend/645794) from the original on August 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Scarabelli, Taylore (February 8, 2022). "The Indie Sleaze Revival Is a Hot Mess" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/the-indie-sleaze-revival-is-a-hot-mess) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220531181258/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/the-indie-sleaze-revival-is-a-hot-mess) from the original on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tashjian,_2022_16-0) Tashjian, Rachel (December 9, 2022). "Indie Sleaze Pioneer Hedi Slimane Embraces His Roots" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a42203438/celine-indie-sleaze-hedi-slimane-fw23-review/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved January 4, 2024 . ^ a b Rodríguez, Rafa (September 9, 2023). "Thin, sloppy, addicted and tyrannical: The most controversial fashion trend returns" (https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-09-09/thin-sloppy-addicted-and-tyrannical-the-most-controversial-fashion-trend-returns.html) . El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) . Retrieved January 4, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Welch, Will (October 15, 2009). "A Different Stroke" (https://www.gq.com/story/julian_casablancas_the_strokes_rebel_style) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Retrieved January 4, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Holland, Henry (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) (October 7, 2022). "How Should Brands Tap into the Indie Sleaze Revival?" (https://www.creativereview.co.uk/brands-indie-sleaze-revival/) . Creative Review (/wiki/Creative_Review) . Retrieved June 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) SMITH, MORGAN (November 18, 2022). "IT'S GONNA BE AN INDIE SLEAZE GIRL SUMMER FOR CELINE" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/celine-spring-summer-2023-show/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . Retrieved January 4, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Kendall, Zoë (July 15, 2022). "7 of M.I.A.'s most iconic outfits" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/5d3bxb/mia-style) . i-D (/wiki/I-D) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220815053647/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/5d3bxb/mia-style) from the original on August 15, 2022 . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Pauly, Alexandra (May 5, 2022). "Sky Ferreira? At the Met Gala? Indie Sleaze Is About to Go High Fashion" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/sky-ferreira-met-gala-2022-indie-sleaze/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220912201123/https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/sky-ferreira-met-gala-2022-indie-sleaze/) from the original on September 12, 2022 . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Russell, Kim (January 28, 2022). "How to get the indie sleaze look" (https://theface.com/style/how-to-look-indie-sleaze-the-kimbino-rihanna-pixie-geldof-fashion-y2k-style) . The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220128083857/https://theface.com/style/how-to-look-indie-sleaze-the-kimbino-rihanna-pixie-geldof-fashion-y2k-style) from the original on January 28, 2022 . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Wickes, Jade (May 17, 2022). "The Cobrasnake's Mark Hunter on indie sleaze and his new photobook" (https://theface.com/culture/mark-hunter-the-cobrasnake-indie-sleaze-photography-book-y2ks-archives-rizzoli-music-glastonbury-coachella-troubadour-los-angeles-new-york) . The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810180432/https://theface.com/culture/mark-hunter-the-cobrasnake-indie-sleaze-photography-book-y2ks-archives-rizzoli-music-glastonbury-coachella-troubadour-los-angeles-new-york) from the original on August 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 10, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-paste_25-0) Maxwell, Samantha (April 27, 2022). "Nostalgia for the Mid-2010s Froyo Shop in the Midst of the Indie Sleaze Revival" (https://www.pastemagazine.com/food/restaurants/frozen-yogurt-froyo-nostalgia-revival-indie-sleaze/) . Paste (/wiki/Paste_(magazine)) . 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American fashion designer Abi Ferrin Nationality American Occupation Fashion designer Abi Ferrin is a fashion designer based out of Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Texas. Biography [ edit ] Ferrin spent her childhood in Wyoming, and eventually majored in government and broadcast journalism. Inspired by her major, Abi moved to Washington D.C. (/wiki/Washington_D.C.) to pursue a career along the lines of her collegiate studies. Disillusioned with the political environment and career opportunities in Washington D.C., she resolved instead, to follow her dream into the fashion industry and moved to California (/wiki/California) landing in Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) . An avid sewer since a young age, and with little money after her move, she began designing and making clothes of her own design. [1] (#cite_note-1) Her gamble paid off, and she was discovered at an industry party. This led to her big break, designing clothing for the show Extra , where she broke into the Hollywood scene with several "new looks." Eventually Abi tired of the fickle fashion industry of the Hollywood scene, and despite incurring $50,000 in debt, again took a gamble, this time by relocating to Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) in 2006. [2] (#cite_note-2) Accomplishments [ edit ] Abi Ferrin was named "Texas' Next Top Designer" by Stanley Korshak (/wiki/Stanley_Korshak) in 2007. Along with the title came $25,000 to start her company, a loft in downtown Dallas and a business grant to start her business in Dallas. Since 2007 Abi Ferrin has been well known in the Dallas fashion scene and the business has continued to grow each year. In 2009, Abi Ferrin the company has grown 25%, and even in the times of economic downturn the company continues to grow each year. Her clothing is sold in Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) and boutique stores nationwide as well as online. Abi Ferrin's designs have been seen in many editorials including D Fashion, London Financial Times, Inmag.com, Papercity, and Dallas Morning News. Many celebrities have also been seen wearing Abi's fashions, including Perry Reeves, Molly Sims, Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) , Claudia Jordan, Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) and Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2010, Abi Ferrin appeared in Elle Magazine's Spring Ready to Wear line. After appearing at the 2010 Spring Fashion Week in New York. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2011 Abi Ferrin was chosen to design the clothing for the 10th Annual Off the Fields Players Wives Fashion Show. Abi's designs were worn on the runway by many NFL (/wiki/NFL) wives, both past and present. [5] (#cite_note-5) Freedom Project [ edit ] Abi lives and works by her motto, "Fashion with Freedom and Purpose", Abi Ferrin incorporates handmade buttons into each of her designs, buys them at fair market value, and donates an additional 600% of the asking price to an organization in Nepal for women rescued from the sex trade. [6] (#cite_note-6) These buttons are handmade by the women who are rescued from the sex trade, and are given work at a place in Nepal called Guardian Vision Handcrafts. [7] (#cite_note-Presenting-7) Abi Ferrin says that she feels as if these "custom made adornments" will "give women a feeling of authenticity, while each button holds a greater value". [7] (#cite_note-Presenting-7) Abi Ferrin is also teaming up with her sister Kelly, who has worked as a humanitarian for her whole career, and is getting involved with the organization Vision Trust, to expand their involvement in global organizations. October 2009. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Stillo, Laura. February, 2011. You Plus Dallas Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110718143317/http://abiferrin.youplusdallas.com/) July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rolon, Rosalind de. Dec. 2010. "Abi Ferrin Fashioning a Revolution: Part Two" (http://www.goodnewsgirlz.com/story/abi-ferrin-part2) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110320114854/http://www.goodnewsgirlz.com/story/abi-ferrin-part2) 2011-03-20 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Official website (http://www.abiferrin.com/press.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110707074430/http://www.abiferrin.com/press.html) July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Elle Magazine, "Spring 2010 RTW" (http://www.elle.com/Runway/Ready-to-Wear/Spring-2010-RTW/ABI-FERRIN/ABI-FERRIN#mode=base;slide=0) , Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110710182500/http://www.elle.com/Runway/Ready-to-Wear/Spring-2010-RTW/ABI-FERRIN/ABI-FERRIN#mode=base;slide=0) July 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Edwards, Courtney and Allison. January 2011. "Off the Field with Abi Ferrin" PinkMemo (http://www.pinkmemo.com/dallas/blog/off-the-field-with-abi-ferrin/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110326004032/http://www.pinkmemo.com/dallas/blog/off-the-field-with-abi-ferrin/) March 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-6) AbiFerrin.com "Freedom Project" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110707074454/http://www.abiferrin.com/freedom-project.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.abiferrin.com/freedom-project.html) on July 7, 2011 . Retrieved March 2, 2011 . ^ a b Wilsonfoundation. "Presenting Abi Ferrin" (http://wilsonfoundation.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/presenting-abi-ferrin/) . October 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Eco Designer Abi Ferrin partners with GGA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110711103835/http://www.godsgreenamerica.com/pt/Eco-Designer-Abi-Ferrin-partners-with-GGA/blog.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.godsgreenamerica.com/pt/Eco-Designer-Abi-Ferrin-partners-with-GGA/blog.htm) on July 11, 2011 . Retrieved March 2, 2011 . 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1887 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1887) 1888 1889 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1889) 1890 1891 1892 1893 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1893) 1894 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1894) 1895 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1895) 1896 1897 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1897) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐xc964 Cached time: 20240718083002 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.177 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 42/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1962/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 19/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.062/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933349/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 171.579 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 171.579 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49046680-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083002 and revision id 974951132. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1892" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) B Betts Group (/wiki/Betts_Group) C CM Almy (/wiki/CM_Almy) Corgi Socks (/wiki/Corgi_Socks) F Florsheim Shoes (/wiki/Florsheim_Shoes) L Lewis Leathers (/wiki/Lewis_Leathers) Lovikkavante (/wiki/Lovikkavante) M Melville Shoe Corporation (/wiki/Melville_Shoe_Corporation) P Patrick (sportswear company) (/wiki/Patrick_(sportswear_company)) U United States Rubber Company (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1892&oldid=974951132 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1892&oldid=974951132) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1890s fashion (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) Design companies established in 1892 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1892) Manufacturing companies established in 1892 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1892) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Clothing companies established in the 19th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_19th_century) |
British perfumer Lyn Harris is a British independent perfumer who created the fragrance lines Miller Harris (/wiki/Miller_Harris) , [1] (#cite_note-1) and Perfumer H. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Harris grew up in Yorkshire (/wiki/Yorkshire) and Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She trained in perfumery with Monique Schlienger in Paris [3] (#cite_note-3) and then worked with Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) in Grasse (/wiki/Grasse) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2000, Harris created the Miller Harris perfume and candle line with her partner Christophe Michel, [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) and the line became known for fragrances like L'Air de Rien (which Harris originally created as a bespoke fragrance for Jane Birkin (/wiki/Jane_Birkin) ), Citron Citron, [5] (#cite_note-5) Tea Tonique, [6] (#cite_note-6) and Rose Silence. [7] (#cite_note-7) London-based private equity fund (/wiki/Private_equity_fund) Neo Capital took a stake in the company in 2012 [8] (#cite_note-8) and in 2014 Harris, though remaining a consultant and shareholder in Miller Harris, [9] (#cite_note-9) turned her focus to a new venture, Perfumer H, which she launched in 2015. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Diner, Jessica (20 February 2016). "This London Perfume Shop Is Reimagining the Signature Scent" (http://www.vogue.com/article/best-perfume-shop-london-perfumer-h-lyn-harris) . Vogue . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ a b c d McCarthy, Fiona (5 October 2015). "Lyn Harris launches Perfumer H bespoke fragrances" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/lyn-harris-launches-perfumer-h-bespoke-fragrances/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tyler, Janet. "Uncommon scents" (http://www.marylebonevillage.com/marylebone-journal/uncommon-scents) . Marylebone Journal . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Bentley, Vicci (24 September 2015). "Lyn Harris talks personal taste: Part Two" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/travel/91561-lyn-harris-talks-personal-style-part-two) . Financial Times . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Rivkin, Annabel (10 January 2014). "You beauty! Miller Harris Citron Citron eau de parfum" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/you-beauty-miller-harris-citron-citron-eau-de-parfum-9049600.html) . Evening Standard . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Niven, Lisa (18 September 2015). "10 New Autumn Fragrances" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/10-of-the-best-new-autumn-2015-fragrances-perfumes) . British Vogue . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) McCarthy, Emma (19 December 2016). "50 best perfumes, candles and fragrances for Christmas" (https://www.standard.co.uk/beauty/50-best-perfumes-candles-and-fragrances-for-him-and-for-her-this-christmas-a3423761.html) . Evening Standard . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Stocks, Christopher (2 June 2016). "Miller Harris reinvents itself with two new perfumes and new packaging" (http://www.wallpaper.com/lifestyle/miller-harris-reinvents-itself-with-new-perfumes-and-packaging) . Wallpaper . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bousquet, Elodie (9 April 2015). "Fragrance fixette d'avril: Poirier d'un soir de Miller Harris" (http://blogs.lexpress.fr/styles/aparte-beaute/fragrance-fixette-davril-poirier-dun-soir-de-miller-harris/) . L'Express (in French) . Retrieved 8 March 2017 . External links [ edit ] Miller Harris (https://www.millerharris.com/) Perfumer H (https://www.perfumerh.com/) This English biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyn_Harris&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Latvian-born Finnish model Angelika Kallio Born ( 1972-09-15 ) 15 September 1972 (age 51) Riga (/wiki/Riga) , Latvian SSR (/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) (now Latvia (/wiki/Latvia) ) Years active 1990–present Children 1 Modeling information Height 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Website Angelikakallio.com (archived) (https://web.archive.org/web/20110209182207/http://angelikakallio.com/) Angelika Kallio (born 15 September 1972) is a Finnish (/wiki/Finns) model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , living and working abroad since the early 1990s. [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) Background [ edit ] Born in Riga (/wiki/Riga) , Latvian SSR (/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) , Kallio moved to Finland (/wiki/Finland) with her mother as a child, attending the Finnish-Russian School in Helsinki (/wiki/Helsinki) . At the age of 15, she was signed by Paparazzi, the biggest modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) in Finland. [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) Career [ edit ] Kallio began her international modelling career in 1990 with an editorial shoot for British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . She was soon noticed by Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , who became her patron, and Kallio started an intense collaboration with the designer and the prestigious fashion house of Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) Throughout the 1990s, Kallio graced the covers of various international fashion magazines, including Amica , Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , and Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , in addition to numerous editorial shoots in other magazines like Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , and W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Kallio also worked with many fashion houses and designers such as Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Alaia) , Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Celine (/wiki/Celine_(brand)) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(fashion_brand)) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , appearing in advertisements and fashion shows. Additionally, Kallio also appeared in advertisements for Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) . [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) [2] (#cite_note-angelika-2) As an international top model, Kallio worked all around the world, living in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , and Miami (/wiki/Miami) , and being featured in various news and entertainment programmes, including WABC-TV's (/wiki/WABC-TV#News_operation) Eyewitness News and Hard Copy (/wiki/Hard_Copy) . [2] (#cite_note-angelika-2) She also had a small cameo appearance in the 1993 romantic comedy film For Love or Money (/wiki/For_Love_or_Money_(1993_film)) , starring Michael J. Fox (/wiki/Michael_J._Fox) and Gabrielle Anwar (/wiki/Gabrielle_Anwar) . [2] (#cite_note-angelika-2) In the 2000s, Kallio worked for Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) for ten years, [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) also having her own lingerie design business. [2] (#cite_note-angelika-2) As of 2010, Kallio models among others for J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) , and appeared on the cover of Finnish (/wiki/Finland) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) for its 2nd anniversary issue. [1] (#cite_note-elle-1) Kallio is represented by Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) in New York. [2] (#cite_note-angelika-2) Personal [ edit ] Kallio lives in New York. She also has a grown son from a previous relationship. [3] (#cite_note-3) In addition to modeling, Kallio works as a real estate agent (/wiki/Real_estate_broker/agent) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Kallio's autobiography Huippumallin päiväkirja ( Top Model's Diary ) was published by Tammi (/wiki/Tammi_(publishing_company)) in Finland in 2005. Bibliography [ edit ] Angelika Kallio: Huippumallin päiväkirja (Angelika Kallio: Top Model's Diary ), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-951-31-3376-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-31-3376-4) , Tammi, 2005. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Elle (FIN), May 2010. ^ a b c d e Angelika Kallio Official Website, angelikakallio.com, 25 April 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Angelika Kallio erostaan Annassa: "En halunnut olla pelkkä rikkaan miehen kaunis koriste" (https://kotiliesi.fi/terveys/parisuhde-ja-seksi/angelika-kallio-erostaan-annassa-en-halunnut-olla-pelkka-rikkaan-miehen-kaunis-koriste/) " (https://kotiliesi.fi/terveys/parisuhde-ja-seksi/angelika-kallio-erostaan-annassa-en-halunnut-olla-pelkka-rikkaan-miehen-kaunis-koriste/) . Kotiliesi (/wiki/Kotiliesi) (in Finnish). August 17, 2017 . Retrieved November 10, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Banks, Libby (November 8, 2017). "Life After Victoria's Secret: Seven Models Who Made Surprising Career Changes" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/career-changes-victorias-secret-models) . Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved November 10, 2018 . 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Canadian model Kate Bock Bock in 2016 Born Kate Lynne Bock ( 1988-01-30 ) 30 January 1988 (age 36) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia, Canada Occupations Model entrepreneur Spouse Kevin Love (/wiki/Kevin_Love) ( m. 2022) Children 1 Modelling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair colour Blonde [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) Eye colour Blue [3] (#cite_note-eliteLA-3) Agency The Society Management (/wiki/The_Society_Management) (New York) Why Not Model Management (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Management) (Milan) Storm Management (/wiki/Storm_Management) (London) [4] (#cite_note-models-4) Website www (http://www.katebock.com) .katebock (http://www.katebock.com) .com (http://www.katebock.com) Kate Lynne Bock [5] (#cite_note-maxim-5) (born 30 January 1988) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) is a Canadian model. She is known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) since 2013. [9] (#cite_note-huff-9) In 2020, she appeared on the cover, alongside Olivia Culpo (/wiki/Olivia_Culpo) and Jasmine Sanders (/wiki/Jasmine_Sanders) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Early life [ edit ] Bock was born in Vancouver. [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) She studied at a French immersion school (/wiki/French_immersion_in_Canada) in Canada and speaks fluent French. [5] (#cite_note-maxim-5) [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Growing up in Canada, she was into sports, including swimming, soccer, baseball and field hockey. [13] (#cite_note-13) Bock is Jewish. [14] (#cite_note-14) Career [ edit ] Bock was discovered aged 12 at a local swimming pool in Vancouver. She subsequently signed a modeling contract and traveled to Santa Barbara (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) to shoot for Abercrombie Kids (/wiki/Abercrombie_Kids) . [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) At age 18, she moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Bock appeared in numerous magazines such as Germany's Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Hungary's Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) and Italy's Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) She has been featured in magazine covers of the US' Ocean Drive (/wiki/Ocean_Drive_(magazine)) and Fitness (/wiki/Fitness_(magazine)) , Australia's Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) , [16] (#cite_note-16) UK's Glow , Canada's Elle [4] (#cite_note-models-4) and Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) . [17] (#cite_note-auto-17) [17] (#cite_note-auto-17) She has been featured in advertisements by a number of major brands including Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) , L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , Kérastase (/wiki/K%C3%A9rastase) , Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) [18] (#cite_note-18) and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) . [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) In 2011, Bock appeared as a character parodying Elvira Hancock (/wiki/Elvira_Hancock) in the music video for the song " Jack Sparrow (/wiki/Jack_Sparrow_(song)) " by comedy troupe The Lonely Island (/wiki/The_Lonely_Island) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In December 2021, Bock launched a swimwear capsule collection with Australian brand Bond-Eye, which included five styles. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) She has also designed a jewelry line called Cattura. [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) In 2021, she started working as a chief brand officer (/wiki/Chief_brand_officer) for hard sparkling water brand Pompette and a creative consultant (/wiki/Creative_consultant) for the shopping application Verishop. [22] (#cite_note-22) Personal life [ edit ] Bock had been dating professional basketball player Kevin Love (/wiki/Kevin_Love) for "nearly five years" in 2020, [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) before her engagement with him on 31 January 2021. [25] (#cite_note-Engaged-25) They got married in late June 2022 at the New York Public Library (/wiki/New_York_Public_Library) inspired by The Great Gatsby (/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby) . [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) In June 2023, Bock gave birth to the couple's first child, during the 2023 NBA Finals (/wiki/2023_NBA_Finals) . [28] (#cite_note-28) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "KATE BOCK | Iconic Management" (https://www.iconicmanagement.com/women/155-kate-bock/) . Iconic Management . Retrieved 25 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kate Bock (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/kate_bock/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) ^ (#cite_ref-eliteLA_3-0) "Kate Bock" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150525025153/http://eliteny.themode.net/div/losangeleselite/model/kate-bock_4_miami_mia/p/6236/c/-1/) . Elite Models. Archived from the original (http://eliteny.themode.net/div/losangeleselite/model/kate-bock_4_miami_mia/p/6236/c/-1/) on 25 May 2015 . Retrieved 10 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Kate Bock" (https://models.com/models/kate-bock) . models . Retrieved 10 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tannenbaum, Rob (8 December 2014). "Swimsuit Beauty Kate Bock Is A Star" (http://www.maxim.com/women/models/article/swimsuit-beauty-kate-bock-star) . Maxim Magazine . Retrieved 10 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kate Bock Chills Out in Our Favorite Boxer Shorts" (https://www.gq.com/gallery/kate-bock-best-boxer-shorts-2014) . GQ . 13 May 2014 . Retrieved 3 February 2024 . This is the first time the twenty-six-year-old Bock has done a shoot wearing menswear. ^ (#cite_ref-7) @si_swimsuit (30 January 2022). "Happy Birthday @katebock! What's your favorite Kate Bock memory?" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CZXgBz3PB0w/) . Retrieved 3 February 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Kevin Love and Kate Bock Share First Photos of Newborn Baby, Born During NBA Finals" (https://people.com/kevin-love-kate-bock-share-first-photos-baby-born-during-nba-finals-7551666) . People . 22 June 2023 . Retrieved 3 February 2024 . Bock, 35, later shared the photo on her Instagram Story, writing, "Mine." ^ (#cite_ref-huff_9-0) Schmunk, Rhianna (28 April 2015). "Kate Bock, Sports Illustrated Model From Vancouver, Shoots In The Hamptons" (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/04/28/kate-bock-swimsuit-hamptons_n_7163326.html) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 10 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Giunta, Joanna (13 July 2020). "Your Sports Illustrated Swimsuit 2020 Cover Models Are Kate Bock, Jasmine Sanders and Olivia Culpo" (https://swimsuit.si.com/swim-daily/2020/07/13/si-swimsuit-2020-cover-kate-jasmine-olivia) . Sports Illustrated Swimsuit . Retrieved 13 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Shore, Rebecca (30 January 2015). "Happy Birthday to the lovely Kate Bock" (https://www.si.com/swim-daily/2015/01/30/kate-bock-turns-22-outtakes-gallery) . Sports Illustrated Swimsuit . Retrieved 11 January 2019 . Swim Daily's resident Canadian Kate Bock turns 22 [recte 27] today, and we're celebrating with a gallery of 15 never-before-seen outtakes from her 2014 shoot in Switzerland. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Kate Bock Is Maxim's March/April Cover Model" (https://www.maxim.com/women/maxim-cover-model-kate-bock-2020-2/) . Maxim . 19 February 2020 . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Salao, R. P. (27 August 2021). "Kevin Love's Girlfriend: Kate Bock" (https://clutchpoints.com/kevin-loves-girlfriend-kate-bock/) . ClutchPoints . Retrieved 25 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Bock, Kate (21 July 2020). "SI Swimsuit 2020 Model: Kate Bock" (https://swimsuit.si.com/news/kate-bock-si-swimsuit-2020-model) . Sports Illustrated Swimsuit (Interview). Interviewed by Hendrix, Kelsey. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Kate Bock SI Swimsuit Model Page" (https://swimsuit.si.com/swimsuit/model/kate-bock) . Sports Illustrated Swimsuit . Retrieved 26 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Kate Bock on 'The Exploration Issue' cover of Grazia Australia" (https://hoodcouturemag.com/editorials/kate-bock-on-the-exploration-issue-cover-of-grazia-australia/) . HCM . Hood Couture Magazine. 13 October 2018 . Retrieved 22 May 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Freeman, Thomas. "Kate Bock Is Maxim's March/April Cover Model" (https://www.maxim.com/women/maxim-cover-model-kate-bock-2020-2) . Maxim . Retrieved 1 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Frey, Kaitlyn (1 September 2017). "NBA Star Kevin Love Stars Alongside Girlfriend Kate Bock in Intimate New Banana Republic Campaign" (https://people.com/style/kevin-love-new-banana-republic-campaign/) . People . Retrieved 26 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Kate Bock Is Sports Illustrated Rookie Of The Year 2013" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/11/kate-bock-sports-illustrated-rookie-of-the-year-2013_n_2852093.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/HuffPost) . New York. 11 March 2013 . Retrieved 2 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kate Bock Collection" (https://www.bond-eye.com/collections/kate-bock-collection) . bond-eye US . Retrieved 26 May 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lippe-McGraw, Jordi (7 December 2021). "Kate Bock Shares the Inspiration Behind Her New Swimwear Collection" (https://swimsuit.si.com/swimlife/kate-bock-launches-swimwear-line-with-bondeye) . Sports Illustrated Swimsuit . Retrieved 26 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "A Drink With Live! Hosted by Catt Sadler Invitation // Special Guest Kate Bock" (https://adrinkwith.com/ep-10-katie-bock-invitation/) . A Drink With . 31 August 2021 . Retrieved 25 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Struby, Tim. "Kevin Love On How His Fight For Mental Health Awareness Is Changing The NBA" (https://www.maxim.com/sports/kevin-love-fight-for-mental-health-awareness-nba-2020-2) . Maxim . Retrieved 26 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "NBA Star Kevin Love Stars Alongside Girlfriend Kate Bock in Intimate New Banana Republic Campaign" (https://people.com/style/kevin-love-new-banana-republic-campaign/) . People . Retrieved 26 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Engaged_25-0) "NBA Star Kevin Love and SI Swimsuit Model Kate Bock Are Engaged" (https://people.com/style/nba-star-kevin-love-model-kate-bock-engaged/) . People . Retrieved 1 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Kevin Love Marries Kate Bock in Great Gatsby-Inspired Wedding" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1335846/kevin-love-marries-kate-bock-in-great-gatsby-inspired-wedding) . E! Online . 26 June 2022 . Retrieved 29 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Macon, Alexandra (28 June 2022). "Inside Kate Bock and Kevin Love's Wedding—A (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/inside-kate-bock-and-kevin-love-wedding/) Great Gatsby -Inspired Ceremony at the New York Public Library" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/inside-kate-bock-and-kevin-love-wedding/) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Andaloro, Angela (22 June 2023). "Kevin Love and Kate Bock Share First Photos of Newborn Baby, Born During NBA Finals" (https://people.com/kevin-love-kate-bock-share-first-photos-baby-born-during-nba-finals-7551666) . People . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.katebock.com/) Kate Bock (https://twitter.com/katebock?lang=en) on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) Kate Bock (https://www.si.com/swimsuit/2015/models/kate-bock/photos/1) at Sports Illustrated Swimsuit (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) v t e 2010–2019 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) 2010 Sarah Brandner (/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Brandner&action=edit&redlink=1) * Abigail Clancy (/wiki/Abigail_Clancy) * Sonia Dara (/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Dara&action=edit&redlink=1) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Bethany Dempsey (/w/index.php?title=Bethany_Dempsey&action=edit&redlink=1) * Cintia Dicker (/wiki/Cintia_Dicker) Zoe Duchesne (/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Duchesne&action=edit&redlink=1) Esti Ginzburg (/wiki/Esti_Ginzburg) Jessica Gomes (/wiki/Jessica_Gomes) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) Damaris Lewis (/wiki/Damaris_Lewis) Genevieve Morton 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Korean_beauty_standards) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Korean_beauty_standards) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may lend undue weight (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight) to the region's beauty standards of the 21st century only . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_beauty_standards&action=edit) by rewriting it in a balanced fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance) that contextualizes different points of view. ( April 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The neutrality (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) of this article is disputed (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Korean_beauty_standards##) . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met (/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove) . ( April 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The physical appearances of K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) idols, with slim bodies and pale skin, impacts Korean beauty standards. Korean beauty standards have become a well-known feature of Korean culture (/wiki/Korean_culture) . In 2015, a global survey by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (/wiki/Plastic_surgery) placed South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) in the top ten of countries who had the highest rate of cosmetic surgeries. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Korean beauty standards prioritize maintaining a youthful appearance, rather than looking matured. A combination of clear skin and even skin complexion, slim v shaped jawline, and pronounced puffy Aegyo-Sal (fatty, bag-like, deposits under the eye. common in children; rare in adults.) contribute to the desirable youthful aesthetic and personal presentation. Increase in influence of Korean media, such as K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) , Korean dramas (/wiki/Korean_drama) and advertisements, throughout Korea, presents this softer appearance to the public as the desirable norm. Even in men, this softer and a more androgynous appearance is preferred in both romantic interests, and shown more in media, as compared to men with traditionally 'masculine' (/wiki/Male_beauty) features. Cultural pressure [ edit ] A study from 2008 determined that 20 percent of young Korean girls have undergone cosmetic surgery. This is significantly above the average rate in other countries. [3] (#cite_note-3) A recent survey from Gallup Korea (/wiki/Gallup_Korea) in 2015 determined that approximately one-third of South Korean women between 19 and 29 have claimed to have had plastic surgery. [4] (#cite_note-4) In South Korea, there is immense societal pressure to conform to the community and societal expectations placed on the individual. This is evident in the theorization of what influences both Korean men and women to want to strive to achieve a strict beauty standard. A study by Lin and Raval from Miami University shows that the pressure for the "perfect" appearance may stem from feelings of inferiority if they perceive themselves as less attractive within their community. [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) The result from this particular study supports the previous evidence from Keong Ja Woo, who analyzed how beauty standards in Korea, in regard to one's height, weight, and facial preference, impacted their chances of employment. [6] (#cite_note-6) The pressure to uphold a standard of beauty is even felt within the job market. Companies require a photo, height, and sometimes the family background of applicants as a part of the hiring process. [7] (#cite_note-7) Beauty is often seen as a means for socioeconomic (/wiki/Socioeconomic_status) success in the rapidly modernized post-war economy of South Korea (/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea) , which has seen a sluggish job growth rate after its economic boom. This has left Korea with a highly skilled (/wiki/Skilled_worker) and educated workforce competing for a short supply of job opportunities and chances for upward social mobility (/wiki/Upward_social_mobility) . Some Koreans view investments in beauty, such as cosmetic products and medical beauty treatments, such as plastic surgery, dermatology (/wiki/Dermatology) , and cosmetic dentistry, as a means of cultural capital (/wiki/Cultural_capital) to get an edge over peers for social and economic advancement. [8] (#cite_note-8) The theorization of the impact of Western beauty standards for the Korean society is highly controversial in the West. Some Western authors attribute modern Korean beauty standards to Western influence, while others point out that Caucasian features are in many cases considered unattractive by Korean beauty standards, and that Korean beauty standards portray a traditional ethnic "look" that is seen in pre-colonial Korean art. [9] (#cite_note-Widdows-9) Some studies have reported a higher incidence of body dissatisfaction among Korean boys and girls than among boys and girls living in the United States, [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-auto2-11) while noting that these studies fail to control for the slimmer and smaller size of Koreans as compared with Westerners. [12] (#cite_note-12) In addition to this, Jung and Lee observed that there were more models that conformed to thin beauty ideals in South Korean magazines than that of U.S. magazines. [13] (#cite_note-13) Higher cultural pressure to conform to thin body ideals in South Korea may be responsible for the higher rate of body dysmorphia and eating disorders among Korean men and women. [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) Since South Korea has seen more than a twenty-fold increase in real per capita income and is currently ranked within the top twenty economies in the world with continual growth, there has been a paralleled increase in visibility for women's rights within South Korea. [14] (#cite_note-Kim2014-14) However, with this growth in visibility and social change for women, there is an interesting observation that this change is "immediately accompanied by increases in body dissatisfaction and eating disorders". [14] (#cite_note-Kim2014-14) This could be explained by a sociocultural theory, namely objectification theory (/wiki/Objectification_theory) , that asserts: "Any movement toward gender equality that threatens the stability of the patriarchy is followed inevitably by a heightened emphasis on unrealistic beauty standards and increasing pressure to meet these standards. Such pressure may be effectively applied as a means to oppress women and maintain patriarchal control, as unrealistic standards such as these undermine women's self-confidence and materially shift their focus away from their individual capabilities to more generalized and superficial aspects of their physical appearance." [15] (#cite_note-Fredrickson1997-15) Other cultural factors such as the hardened Confucianism in Korean society has been quoted as a prominent factor. The philosophy of Confucius highly influenced the gender roles and norms in Korea, and some of his teachings have been sustained even through modern Korea. The emphasis on gender roles, with women being submissive and men being dominant, caused a patriarchal society from these philosophical teachings which may have had an impact on the beauty standard. [11] (#cite_note-auto2-11) Women are more likely to examine and make changes to their bodies and face in order to adhere to the beauty standards projected by the objectification theory that views women as "objects". [15] (#cite_note-Fredrickson1997-15) This raises the observation that impractical beauty standards could be caused by highly patriarchal societies that only promote unbending gender roles which is then reflected by the influence of Confucianism in Korean history. There could be another cultural factor such as certain facial features leading to bad luck encourages the Korean individual to plastic surgery. [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) Cosmetics [ edit ] Main article: Cosmetics in Korea (/wiki/Cosmetics_in_Korea) In 2023, South Korea's cosmetic industry was valued at over five trillion South Korean won. In 2015, South Korea exported $2.64 billion of cosmetic goods, [16] (#cite_note-16) $730 million more than in 2014. South Korea still continues to be the 3rd largest exporter of beauty products and cosmetic goods. [17] (#cite_note-17) Some of the most popular products used in Korean beauty are blemish balm (BB) creams, color correction (CC) creams, serums, essences, ampoules (/wiki/Ampoule) , seaweed face masks, and scrubs. [18] (#cite_note-18) Korean beauty products contain ingredients not commonly found in Western products such as snail extract. In 2011, BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) , which was previously only found in China, hit the shelves in America, and by 2014, the US market for BB cream was around $164 million. Makeup in Korea doesn't tend to be gendered. Many more younger men are choosing to use light makeup everyday and or for special occasions, to cover up blemishes, redness, and, irritation. Male beauty standards around makeup prefer a matte look, to convey a natural, desirable image, rather than bold, bright colors, and styles The increase in utilization by male Kpop idols, and advertisements directed to a male audience has lead more Korean men to apply light makeup, as compared to men in the west. The ideal for Korean women is to have "dewy" skin, meaning smooth, hydrated, clear, resilient, and shiny. [19] (#cite_note-KBS2015-19) Chok-Chok refers to skin that is bouncy and moist; taeng-taeng describes skin that is firm and smooth. [19] (#cite_note-KBS2015-19) The dewy skincare routines are quite different from the Western concept of using makeup to conceal flaws. While Western makeup uses facial contouring (/wiki/Facial_contouring) to try and change the appearance of one's facial bone structure, Korean dewy makeup seeks to enhancing the skin's appearance, creating a "natural" look. [20] (#cite_note-20) Plastic surgery [ edit ] Main article: Cosmetic surgery in South Korea (/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery_in_South_Korea) Example of Korean double-eyelid surgery South Korea is often called "plastic surgery capital of the world" due in part to its status as an affordable destination for Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) , Russian (/wiki/Russians) and United States (/wiki/Americans) cosmetic tourists, [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-BI2018-23) however a large number of countries in the Western hemisphere (/wiki/Western_hemisphere) have also been dubbed the "plastic surgery capital of the world". [24] (#cite_note-24) Plastic surgery (/wiki/Plastic_surgery) in South Korea is not as stigmatized as in the west and is even a common graduation gift. [25] (#cite_note-25) The most common plastic surgery among Koreans is eye surgery and wrinkle removal surgery, whereas Caucasians in Korea tended to get their noses reduced in size, followed by eye surgery. [26] (#cite_note-26) The appeal of common cosmetic procedures among South Koreans are sometimes attributed to Western influence, however other authors reject this view and suggest that they represent the pursuit of a distinctly Korean ethnic "look". [9] (#cite_note-Widdows-9) V-line surgery (jaw and chin reduction) and cheekbone ( zygoma (/wiki/Zygomatic_bone) ) reduction surgeries are used to change the facial contour (/wiki/Facial_Contouring) . These surgeries are especially common amongst celebrities who are often required to undergo these changes in their cheekbones (/wiki/Cheekbones) , jaw, and chin with the ultimate goal being to create an oval face. [27] (#cite_note-27) It has been noted that many foreigners of Western origin have sought plastic surgery in Korea to look like Korean celebrities. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Motivation for plastic surgery has been debated throughout Korean society. Holliday and Elfving-Hwang suggest that the pressure of success in work and marriage is deeply rooted in one's ability to manage their body which is influenced by beauty. [30] (#cite_note-30) As companies helping with matchmaking for marriage and even job applications require a photo of the individual, it is inevitable that the Korean population feels pressure to undergo plastic surgery to achieve the "natural beauty". [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) South Korea has also seen an increase in medical tourism (/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_South_Korea) from people who seek surgeon expertise in facial bone contouring. Korean surgeons have advanced facial bone contouring with procedures like the osteotomy technique [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) and have published the first book on facial bone contouring surgeries. [33] (#cite_note-33) There was a 17 percent increase in the sales of cosmetic surgery from 1999 to 2000, reaching almost ₩170 billion ( South Korean won (/wiki/South_Korean_won) ) which is $144 million US dollars (/wiki/United_States_dollar) . [34] (#cite_note-34) The group that receives the most plastic surgery in Korea is idol trainees, and there is a culture in which entertainment agencies force plastic surgery regardless of their will. As a result of hearing opinions from plastic surgeons in downtown Seoul, the answer came out, "90% of idol singers and trainees appearing on TV seem to have had plastic surgery." Won-jun Yoon, director of Migo Plastic Surgery Clinic, said, "Now, plastic surgery has become an essential course that teenagers who dream of becoming celebrities must go through before their debut. The most common surgeries they receive are facial contouring and fat removal. Director Bae Jun-seong of JK Plastic Surgery said, "For the face, there are many cases of receiving a discount on the eyes, nose, and facial contouring surgery as a set." [35] (#cite_note-35) History [ edit ] David Ralph Millard, who graduated from Yale College and Harvard Medical School, had been employed by the U.S. Marine Corps as the chief plastic surgeon in South Korea. [36] (#cite_note-auto1-36) Desiring a similar path to his mentor, Sir Harold Gillies, he wanted to provide reconstructive plastic surgery for wounded soldiers, children, and other civilians that were injured by the Korean War. Millard was observing ways to perform reconstructive surgeries on burn victims in order to reforming eyebrows on the patients in which he had an unusual interest to the study of the eye, the eye socket, and the eyelid fold. [36] (#cite_note-auto1-36) He wanted to modify the structure of the "oriental" eye into a more "western" look. Millard was unable to find a consenting patient until a Korean translator requested undergo the operation for eyes that had a more "round appearance", stating that the "because of the squint in his slant eyes, Americans could not tell what he was thinking and consequently did not trust him" in which Millard agreed with his sentiment. [36] (#cite_note-auto1-36) Millard then found inspiration to pave the way to conduct his own research on performing double-eyelid surgery when he could not find any journals translated in English. Although the double-eyelid surgery was already performed in small bulks in Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea, Millard's incorporation had changed the motivation and techniques for plastic surgery in Korea. Millard stated he wanted to reduce the "Asian-ness" by making a higher nose bridge by implanting more cartilage to the nose and widening the eyes by tearing the inner fold of the eye for a look of a longer eye, removed the fat in the eyelid that causes the monolid, and sutured the skin on the eyelid to create the double-eyelid fold. [36] (#cite_note-auto1-36) There were many plastic surgeries of this nature performed on various Koreans during this era and before he left the country, trained numerous local doctors on his techniques. Break the corset movement [ edit ] Further information: MeToo movement in South Korea (/wiki/MeToo_movement_in_South_Korea) and Gender inequality in South Korea (/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_South_Korea) In 2015, participants in the feminist movement Megalia (/wiki/Megalia) began to use the word " corset (/wiki/Corset) " as a metonym (/wiki/Metonymy) for the restraints women place on themselves (/wiki/Internalized_sexism) in order to conform to the expectations of a male-centered society, especially expectations about physical appearance. [37] (#cite_note-Singh-37) [38] (#cite_note-kim154-38) Having to deal with societal oppression was compared to being bound up in a corset. Korean women took to social media in a backlash against unrealistic beauty standards that requires them to spend hours applying makeup and performing extensive skincare regimes, which often involve ten steps or more. [39] (#cite_note-auto-39) After the #MeToo movement (/wiki/Me_Too_movement) , when women shared their sexual assault (/wiki/Sexual_assault) and harassment stories, this became known as the "break (or free) the corset" movement. [39] (#cite_note-auto-39) Some Korean women have destroyed their makeup, cut their hair, and rejected the pressures of getting surgery. [40] (#cite_note-ClaireLee-40) [39] (#cite_note-auto-39) [41] (#cite_note-41) The purpose of the movement is to create space for Korean women to feel comfortable with themselves and not have social pressures limit their identity. [42] (#cite_note-42) Critics argue that by criticizing women who still apply makeup, supporters of the movement are just imposing more constraints on women's freedom of choice. [43] (#cite_note-43) Male beauty standards [ edit ] While expectations of female beauty usually outweigh male expectations, South Korea is notable for the standards placed on men. South Korea has become one of the beauty capitals of the world for male beauty. In contrast to the West, it is still a misconception that the South Korean beauty industry exclusively focuses on women. Make-up is not seen as a gendered product and South Korea itself is proud to advertise many brands and products that are available to men. One of the reasons for this standard is the Korean Pop music culture or K-Pop. In the Western hemisphere, the population has a different understanding when it comes to the attractiveness of males. It is very common for Korean men to care about clear, smooth and fair skin. It is also usual to dye and style hair on a regular basis. [44] (#cite_note-44) The body shape is expected to appear rather androgyne than too muscular. Men wear sharply stylish cut outfits and double eyelids are very common as a result of cosmetic surgery. Korean men often choose to get surgery to achieve a higher nose along with smaller and slender facial features. [45] (#cite_note-45) "Over the past decade South Korean men have become the world's biggest male spenders on skincare and beauty products." Between 2011 and 2017, the market grew by 44%. [46] (#cite_note-:1-46) South Koreas's cosmetics industry earns nearly $10 billion in annual sales. The industry is trying to expand its appeal to young men in their twenties. The cosmetic companies' marketing teams have also developed strategies to win new costumers for their always changing product lines. Major sports events such as baseball games air advertisements for skincare due to the large attendance of potential customers making it a good commercial opportunity to do so. In 2015, Korean cosmetics brand Innisfree released a line of warpaint for serving soldiers that contained added skincare benefits. [47] (#cite_note-47) See also [ edit ] Tattooing in South Korea (/wiki/Tattooing_in_South_Korea) Women in South Korea (/wiki/Women_in_South_Korea) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2015 | isaps.org" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170807054032/https://www.isaps.org/Media/Default/global-statistics/2016%20ISAPS%20Results.pdf) (PDF) . isaps org . Archived from the original (https://www.isaps.org/Media/Default/global-statistics/2016%20ISAPS%20Results.pdf) (PDF) on 7 August 2017 . Retrieved 4 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Unrealistic Beauty Standards: Korea's Cosmetic Obsession" (http://seoulbeats.com/2015/03/unrealistic-beauty-standards-koreas-cosmetic-obsession/) . seoulbeats.com . 26 March 2015 . Retrieved 26 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Holliday, Ruth; Elfving-Hwang, Joanna (1 June 2012). "Gender, Globalization and Aesthetic Surgery in South Korea". Body & Society . 18 (2): 58–81. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1357034X12440828 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1357034X12440828) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1357-034X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1357-034X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 146609517 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146609517) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet the South Korean women rejecting intense beauty standards" (https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2185037/meet-south-korean-women-rejecting-their-countrys-intense-beauty) . South China Morning Post . Associated Press. 5 February 2019 . Retrieved 22 May 2019 . ^ a b c d Lin, Kathy L.; Raval, Vaishali V. (2020). "Understanding Body Image and Appearance Management Behaviors Among Adult Women in South Korea Within a Sociocultural Context: A Review". International Perspectives in Psychology . 9 (2). Hogrefe Publishing Group: 96–122. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1037/ipp0000124 (https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fipp0000124) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2157-3883 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2157-3883) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 218815239 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218815239) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Woo, K. J. (2004). The Beauty Complex and the Plastic Surgery Industry. Korea Journal, 44, 52– 82. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Maguire, Ciaran. "Stress dominates every aspect of life in South Korea" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/generation-emigration/stress-dominates-every-aspect-of-life-in-south-korea-1.2837362) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 24 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why is plastic surgery so popular in South Korea?" (https://myseoulsecret.com/why-is-plastic-surgery-popular-korea/) . My Seoul Secret - Korean Plastic Surgery Trip Advisor . 26 October 2017 . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . ^ a b Widdows, Heather (25 February 2020). Perfect Me: Beauty as an Ethical Ideal . Princeton University Press. p. 92. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-691-19714-2 . "For example, the Asian trends in facial surgery are given as examples of the westernization of global beauty. However, some reject the westernization claim and look to local influences ... Ruth Holiday and colleagues similarly argue that this is not a Western look but a distinctively "Korean look." ^ (#cite_ref-10) Jung, J. (2006). "Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Appearance Self-Schema, Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Dieting Behavior Between Korean and U.S. Women". Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal . 34 (4): 350–365. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1077727X06286419 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077727X06286419) . ^ a b Jung, J; Forbes, GB; Lee, Y (2009). "Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating among Early Adolescents from Korea and the U.S." (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225871728) Sex Roles . 61 (1–2): 42–54. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/s11199-009-9609-5 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11199-009-9609-5) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 144938127 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144938127) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Jung, Forbes & Lee 2009 (#CITEREFJungForbesLee2009) , p. 44"Unfortunately, the available studies are difficult to interpret because most of them have one or more important limitations. First, comparison groups from other cultures have been absent from most studies. This means it is extremely difficult to identify cross-cultural differences. Second, most studies have failed to control for body size. Because body dissatisfaction is related to body size(Grogan 1999), and Korean and other East Asian groups typically have bodies that are smaller and slimmer than Western bodies (Jung and Lee 2006), controls for body size are essential." ^ (#cite_ref-13) Jung, J., & Lee, Y. J. (2009). Cross-cultural Examination of Women's Fashion and Beauty Magazine Advertisements in the United States and South Korea. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 27, 274–286. ^ a b Kim, S. Y., Seo, Y. S., & Baek, K. Y. (2014). Face consciousness among South Korean women: A culture-specific extension of objectification theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(1), 24–36. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1037/a0034433 (https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0034433) ^ a b Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Korean skincare, cosmetics exports hit USD 2.6 bil" (http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Business/view?articleId=131805) . Korea.net (/wiki/Korea.net) . Retrieved 28 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "South Korea - Cosmetics" (https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/south-korea-cosmetics) . www.trade.gov . 5 December 2023 . Retrieved 28 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Asian Beauty Standards and Products Make Way for Innovation and Influence Markets in the West" (http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA460483622&v=2.1&u=lincclin_ecc&it=r&p=GRGM&sw=w&authCount=1) . go.galegroup.com . Retrieved 11 April 2017 . ^ a b Thompson, Kerry; Park, Coco (3 November 2015). Korean Beauty Secrets: A Practical Guide to Cutting-Edge Skincare & Makeup . Simon and Schuster. p. 23. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5107-0119-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Khedun-Burgoine, Brittany; Kiaer, Jieun (16 September 2022). Korean Wave in World Englishes: The Linguistic Impact of Korea's Popular Culture . Taylor & Francis. p. 89. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-57569-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) DeMicco, Frederick J.; Poorani, Ali A. (27 October 2022). Medical Travel Brand Management: Success Strategies for Hospitality Bridging Healthcare (H2H) . CRC Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-000-56578-2 . "By some accounts, South Korea is the plastic surgery capital of the world. However, this South Korean specialty has become controversial in the last few years. In 2014, the national health ministry reports, one in four Chinese patients came for cosmetic surgery. So did 28% of Russians and 23% of Americans." ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Forever young, beautiful and scandal-free: The rise of South Korea's virtual influencers" (https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/south-korea-virtual-influencers-beauty-social-media-intl-hnk-dst/index.html) . CNN. 31 July 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-BI2018_23-0) Jacobs, Harrison (28 June 2018). "People have the wrong idea about the 3 most popular procedures in South Korea, the plastic surgery capital of the world" (https://www.businessinsider.nl/south-korea-plastic-surgery-gangnam-biggest-misconception-2018-6/) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved 29 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Lindstrom, Martin (23 February 2016). Small Data: The Tiny Clues That Uncover Huge Trends . Macmillan. p. 124. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-250-08068-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Marx, Patricia (16 March 2015). "The World Capital of Plastic Surgery" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/23/about-face) . The New Yorker . Retrieved 21 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Most plastic surgery types" (https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/22287454#home) . joongang . 15 January 2018. "It was found that the most frequent plastic surgery site for Koreans is 'eyes→wrinkles→nose→chest'." ... "Patients in Western countries such as the United States and Europe and Middle Eastern countries also increased significantly compared to the previous year. According to Banobagi Medical Group, 'rhinoplasty' was the most common, followed by 'eye surgery', 'fat transplant', 'filler botox', and 'contouring'. Western and Middle Eastern patients are said to be too smart and often go to hospitals to trim their large noses." ^ (#cite_ref-27) Park, Sanghoon (14 June 2017), "Why Facial Bone Contouring Surgery?: Backgrounds", Facial Bone Contouring Surgery , Springer Singapore, pp. 3–6, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/978-981-10-2726-0_1 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-10-2726-0_1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789811027253 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Faktor, Steve (27 October 2011). Econovation: The Red, White, and Blue Pill for Arousing Innovation . John Wiley & Sons. p. 102. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-18243-7 . "Not known for attracting tourists, South Korea suddenly found that rich foreigners were flocking to Gangnam's 430 clinics to get plastic surgery to look like their favorite Korean celebrities...By 2015 Gangnam expects over 400,000 visitors" ^ (#cite_ref-29) Cain, Geoffrey. "I wanted to look like a K-pop star so I went to a South Korean plastic surgery clinic" (https://www.businessinsider.com/i-wanted-to-look-like-a-k-pop-star-so-i-went-to-a-south-korean-plastic-surgery-clinic-2015-3) . Business Insider . "South Koreans get more nip and tucks per capita every year than most anywhere else on Earth. There are endless stories here of crazed fans taking their passion too far, disfiguring their faces with self-administered cooking oil injections, or enduring garish makeovers to turn their seemingly imperfect foreign faces into perfect Korean ones." ^ (#cite_ref-30) Holliday, R., & Elfving-Hwang, J. (2012). Gender, Globalization and Aesthetic Surgery in South Korea. Body and Society, 18, 58– 81. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Lee, Tae Sung; Kim, Hye Young; Kim, Tak Ho; Lee, Ji Hyuck; Park, Sanghoon (March 2014). "Contouring of the Lower Face by a Novel Method of Narrowing and Lengthening Genioplasty". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . 133 (3): 274e–282e. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/01.prs.0000438054.21634.4a (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.prs.0000438054.21634.4a) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0032-1052 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0032-1052) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24572871 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24572871) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 2679583 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2679583) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Lee, Tae Sung; Kim, Hye Young; Kim, Takho; Lee, Ji Hyuck; Park, Sanghoon (October 2014). "Importance of the Chin in Achieving a Feminine Lower Face". The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery . 25 (6): 2180–3. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/scs.0000000000001096 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fscs.0000000000001096) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1049-2275 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1049-2275) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 25329849 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25329849) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 27463104 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27463104) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Facial bone contouring surgery : a practical guide . Park, Sanghoon. Singapore: Springer. 2017. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789811027260 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1004601615 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1004601615) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Ja, Woo Keong (2004). "The beauty complex and the cosmetic surgery industr" (http://www.ekoreajournal.net/issue/view_pop.htm?Idx=3297) . Korea Journal . 44 (2): 52. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "['위험한 꿈' 아이돌 연습생] [下] '성형 강박증' 시달리는 아이들" (https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/03/18/2010031800156.html) . 2 August 2020. ^ a b c d Kurek, L. (2015). Eyes Wide Cut: The American Origins of Korea's Plastic Surgery Craze: South Korea's Obsession with Cosmetic Surgery can be traced back to an American Doctor, Raising Uneasy Questions about Beauty Standards. The Wilson Quarterly, 39(4). ^ (#cite_ref-Singh_37-0) Singh, Emily (30 July 2016). "Megalia: South Korean Feminism Marshals the Power of the Internet" (https://koreaexpose.com/megalia-south-korean-feminism-marshals-the-power-of-the-internet/) . Korea Exposé . Retrieved 17 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-kim154_38-0) Kim, Donna Do-own (2020). "Mirroring the Misogynistic Wor(l)d: Civic Imagination and Speech Mirroring Strategy in Korea's Online Feminist Movement". In Jenkins, Henry; Peters-Lazaro, Gabriel; Shresthova, Sangita (eds.). Popular Culture and the Civic Imagination: Case Studies of Creative Social Change . New York: New York University Press (/wiki/New_York_University_Press) . p. 154. ^ a b c Pressigny, Clementine de; Chan, Keira (30 October 2018). "why a new generation of women are challenging south korea's beauty standards" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/yw9yxw/why-a-new-generation-of-women-are-challenging-south-koreas-beauty-standards) . ^ (#cite_ref-ClaireLee_40-0) Lee, Claire (18 November 2018b). " (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181118000177) 'Isu station' assault case triggers online gender war in South Korea" (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181118000177) . Korea Herald (/wiki/Korea_Herald) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Alejo, Aubrey (28 November 2018). "Koreans Are Ditching Beauty Standards to Escape The Corset" (https://mega.onemega.com/south-korea-escape-the-corset/) . MEGA . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "A corset-free movement" (http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3049006) . Korea JoongAng Daily (/wiki/Korea_JoongAng_Daily) . 6 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Bizwire, Korea (12 June 2018). " (http://koreabizwire.com/free-corset-movement-gathers-steam/119857) "Free Corset" Movement Gathers Steam" (http://koreabizwire.com/free-corset-movement-gathers-steam/119857) . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Balen, Cara (13 February 2019). "Gendered Beauty: How South Korea is challenging our perception of male beauty standards" (https://londonrunway.co.uk/2019/02/13/gendered-beauty-how-south-korea-is-challenging-our-perception-of-male-beauty-standards/) . London Runaway . Retrieved 13 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) B., Elsa. "What are the beauty standards for men in South Korea?" (https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/207718/20150604/plastic-surgery-south-korea-men-beauty.htm) . Kpopstarz . Retrieved 4 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_46-0) The Thaiger (25 January 2019). "Will the West embrace the South Korean male beauty product industry?" (https://thethaiger.com/thai-life/well-being/will-the-west-embrace-the-south-korean-male-beauty-product-industry) . The Thaiger . Retrieved 25 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Shim, Elizabeth. "South Korean men buying into cosmetics craze, wearing makeup to improve image" (https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/05/11/South-Korean-men-buying-into-cosmetics-craze-wearing-makeup-to-improve-image/3851431359613/) . UPI NewsTrack . Retrieved 11 May 2015 . 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DC Fashion Week Status Active Genre Fashion Frequency Biannual Location(s) D.C. Country United States Inaugurated 2003 Most recent 2022 Next event 2023 Website dcfashionweek (https://dcfashionweek.org/) .org (https://dcfashionweek.org/) DC Fashion Week is a biennial event in the District of Columbia (/wiki/District_of_Columbia) , United States, held by fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designers) who convene to dress local models who have auditioned for the event. Besides the preview, DCFW consists of four shows, each focusing on a different fashion grouping. In 2018, the four shows were Eco Fashions (/wiki/Eco_fashion) and Next Generation Designers, the Haiti (/wiki/Haiti) Fashion Designer Showcase, the Metropolitan Emerging Designers and Indie Artists Showcase, and the 28th International Couture Collections show. [1] (#cite_note-1) Background [ edit ] DCFW was founded in 2003 by Ean Williams, a menswear designer for his brand Corjor International. It is known for being the cheapest fashion week for new designers to showcase their designs. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2014, Williams described the goal of DC Fashion week making "DC a center of international fashion." [3] (#cite_note-3) This goal is furthered by continually featuring international designers; for example the March 2008 show featured designers from Africa, Italy, Atlanta, Colombia, and the Ukraine. [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) List of fashion events in the United States (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events_in_the_United_States) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Registration – DC Fashion Week" (https://www.dcfashionweek.org/registration/) . www.dcfashionweek.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628062254/https://www.dcfashionweek.org/registration/) from the original on 2023-06-28 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Finn, Maddie (2018-02-27). "DC Fashion Week Highlights International Designs" (https://thehoya.com/dc-fashion-week-highlights-international-designs/) . The Hoya . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628061640/https://thehoya.com/dc-fashion-week-highlights-international-designs/) from the original on 2023-06-28 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Nicks, Denver (September 24, 2014). "Before You Laugh at the Idea of 'DC Fashion Week' Read This" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628061936/https://time.com/3423241/washington-dc-fashion-week/) . Time . Archived from the original (https://time.com/3423241/washington-dc-fashion-week/) on 2023-06-28 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Touton, Jasmine (March 4, 2008). "DC Fashion Week Returns" (https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/03/04/dc-fashion-week-returns/) . The Washingtonian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628061815/https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/03/04/dc-fashion-week-returns/) from the original on 2023-06-28 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.dcfashionweek.org/) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DC_Fashion_Week&action=edit) . v t e This District of Columbia (/wiki/District_of_Columbia) related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Lubica Born ( 1983-04-27 ) 27 April 1983 (age 41) Lučenec (/wiki/Lu%C4%8Denec) , Czechoslovakia Nationality Slovakian Education Ryerson University (/wiki/Ryerson_University) Label Lubica Height 181 cm (5 ft 11 in) Awards The Jamaica Observer (/wiki/The_Jamaica_Observer) designer of the year Lubica Kucerova (born 27 April 1983), also known as Lubica Slovak , is a Slovakian-born fashion designer, Ryerson University (/wiki/Ryerson_University) graduate and founder of Lubica, clothing company based in Jamaica. [1] (#cite_note-jamaica-gleaner.com-1) Lubica's early childhood influence was her grandmother who was a seamstress. [2] (#cite_note-2) She debuted her self-titled fashion line Lubica in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) at the LG Fashion Week (/wiki/LG_Fashion_Week) in 2005 and has created several collections under her brand: Blue, Bliss, Bloom, Toucan, Trinity, Beyond and Dream. [3] (#cite_note-lubica.com-3) The Lubica line includes bikinis, resort contemporary women's wear and is inspired by the tropics. [4] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-4) Lubica is also recognized for her partnership with international recording artist Tami Chynn (/wiki/Tami_Chynn) in opening a female boutique named Belle in Kingston, Jamaica (/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica) [5] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-5) and also their collaboration in designing the award-winning Anuna collection. [6] (#cite_note-struttmodels.wordpress.com-6) [7] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver.com-7) Biography [ edit ] Education [ edit ] After moving from Slovakia at age fourteen to live with her father in Canada, Lubica attended Loretto College School (/wiki/Loretto_College_School) before graduating to the University of Toronto (/wiki/University_of_Toronto) where she studied arts management before transferring to Ryerson University (/wiki/Ryerson_University) to study fashion design. [8] (#cite_note-8) She graduated from Ryerson in 2006 with a Bachelor of Design (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Design) . [1] (#cite_note-jamaica-gleaner.com-1) Other [ edit ] In 2004, Lubica debuted in her first credited featured film in Canadian drama Saint Ralph (/wiki/Saint_Ralph) , [9] (#cite_note-9) directed by Michael McGowan (/wiki/Michael_McGowan_(director)) , starring Adam Butcher (/wiki/Adam_Butcher) and Campbell Scott (/wiki/Campbell_Scott) . The film premiered at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival (/wiki/2004_Toronto_International_Film_Festival) , and was officially released to theaters in 2005. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2009, Lubica played her first starring role in New Caribbean Cinema Jamaica short movie Coast , [13] (#cite_note-13) written and produced by Nile Saulter, [14] (#cite_note-14) younger brother to famed Jamaican producer and Betta mus Come [15] (#cite_note-15) movie director Storm Saulter (/wiki/Storm_Saulter) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2012, Lubica once again teamed up with the Saulter brothers to produce Jamaica's first fashion film Beyond . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2010 Lubica made a cameo appearance in Jamaican Reggae (/wiki/Reggae) - Dancehall (/wiki/Dancehall) music video Messing with my Heart [19] (#cite_note-19) performed by Wayne Marshall (deejay) (/wiki/Wayne_Marshall_(deejay)) featuring multi award-winning dancehall act Mavado (singer) (/wiki/Mavado_(singer)) . [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) On the Jamaican version of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , Mission Catwalk Season 1, Lubica was featured as a guest judge. [22] (#cite_note-22) She shared judging responsibilities with The Jamaica Observer (/wiki/The_Jamaica_Observer) 's fashion editor Novia McDonald-Whyte, [23] (#cite_note-23) famed Jamaican designers Sandra Kennedy [24] (#cite_note-24) & Carlton Brown, [25] (#cite_note-25) and the shows host and executive producer, Keenea Linton-George. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) The series was directed by famed Jamaican director Mykal Cushnie (/wiki/Mykal_Cushnie) . [28] (#cite_note-28) She also freelances as an overseas journalist for Pravda (Slovakia) (/wiki/Pravda_(Slovakia)) newspaper and has written several published articles, including an article on Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt (/wiki/Usain_Bolt) , [29] (#cite_note-29) who she formerly was in a relationship with. [30] (#cite_note-30) Career [ edit ] In 2004 Lubica hosted her first fashion show at The Distillery District (/wiki/Distillery_District) in Toronto, showcasing famed Canadian designer Zoran Dobric [31] (#cite_note-31) while she was still a fashion student at Ryerson University (/wiki/Ryerson_University) . [32] (#cite_note-180mag.ca-32) In 2005, Lubica worked backstage at Caribbean Fashion Week [33] (#cite_note-33) which would inspire her to launch her self-titled Lubica line at the LG Fashion Week (/wiki/LG_Fashion_Week) in Toronto. [34] (#cite_note-Lubica-34) In 2006 Lubica debuted her Lubica line in Jamaica at Caribbean Fashion Week. [4] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-4) By 2007 at Rock the World Fashion show held in Kingston, Jamaica (/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica) Lubica would present a full swimsuit crochet (/wiki/Crochet) collection, [35] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-35) which she also introduced at Caribbean Fashion Week in the same year. For Caribbean Fashion Week 2008, Lubica presented her Blue collection, launching her signature Lubica flower applique, [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) where she closed the show with International pop recording artist Tami Chynn (/wiki/Tami_Chynn) . [38] (#cite_note-38) 2008 would also mark the year that Lubica returned to Canada to participate in Fashion Art Toronto: FAT and has since participated in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. [39] (#cite_note-39) In 2012, Lubica debuted her Beyond line at The Collection fashion series. [40] (#cite_note-40) Audi Jamaica, the event's title sponsor, signed Lubica as their exclusive fashion face, giving the designer an AUDI A1 sports motorcar. [41] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver3-41) She later showcased the updated Beyond collection in September at Kingston Bridal Week (/wiki/Kingston_Bridal_Week) 2012 in Kingston, Jamaica (/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica) [42] (#cite_note-42) and again in November at Bratislavke Modne DNI 2012 in Bratislava, Slovakia (/wiki/Bratislava,_Slovakia) . [43] (#cite_note-tumblr1-43) In 2013 Lubica debuted her "Dream" collection at The Collections Moda fashion show in Kingston, Jamaica among other local talented favorites, Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) designers – Korto Momolu (/wiki/Korto_Momolu) , Jerell Scott, Gordana Gehlhausen (/wiki/Gordana_Gehlhausen) , and a NYC based designer for House of Sukeina, Omar Salaam. Lubica was in the Top 3 pick from the 10 designers by Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Jamaica_Gleaner) [44] (#cite_note-44) In 2017 Lubica returned to her swimwear design with her Fever Collection which featured several one piece swimsuits and monokinis alongside her resort wear. The collection debuted at the Allure Cayman Fashion & Jazz weekend in Grand Cayman and was shot on location by photographer Cortez Vernon for Ellements Magazine. [45] (#cite_note-45) In 2018 Lubica created her first all swimwear collection called Island. The collection consisted mainly of one piece and high waisted swimsuits both of which became Lubica's specialty. [46] (#cite_note-46) Partnerships [ edit ] In 2010, Lubica partnered the international recording artist Tami Chynn (/wiki/Tami_Chynn) to launch a new collection called Anuna . [7] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver.com-7) In April, of the same year, the Anuna collection would debut in Canada at Fashion Art Toronto: Toronto Alternative Art and Fashion. Week. [47] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver1-47) In 2011 both Tami and Lubica would collaborate again to launch Belle, the female clothing counterpart to Base Kingston male boutique. [5] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-5) [48] (#cite_note-48) In September 2010, at the fourth annual The Jamaica Observer (/wiki/The_Jamaica_Observer) Style Awards, Lubica and Tami Chynn (/wiki/Tami_Chynn) were awarded Designer of the Year for their Anuna Collection. [6] (#cite_note-struttmodels.wordpress.com-6) [49] (#cite_note-49) In December 2010, in partnership with Mini Countryman (/wiki/Mini_Countryman) , Lubica launched her Toucan (/wiki/Toucan) inspired collection simultaneously with Mini (/wiki/Mini) 's new SUV (/wiki/SUV) . [50] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver2-50) In 2012, Audi Jamaica, one of The Collections sponsors, signed Lubica as their exclusive fashion face, giving the designer an AUDI A1 sports motorcar. [41] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver3-41) Lubica teamed up with the award-winning director Storm Saulter and Nile Saulter ("Better Mus Come") and produced Jamaica's first fashion film called Beyond, which was featured by FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) worldwide. [51] (#cite_note-51) Fashion shows [ edit ] The Distillery 2004 [32] (#cite_note-180mag.ca-32) LG Fashion Week 2005 [3] (#cite_note-lubica.com-3) Cayman Ice Models Fashion show 2006 Caribbean Fashion Week 2006 [52] (#cite_note-52) Rock the World 2007 [35] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-35) Caribbean Fashion Week 2007 Fashion Art Toronto:Toronto Alternative Art and Fashion Week 2008 Fashion Art Toronto:Toronto Alternative Art and Fashion Week 2009 Anuna Launch 2010 [7] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver.com-7) Fashion Art Toronto:Toronto Alternative Art and Fashion Week 2010 [47] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver1-47) Toucan & Countryman mini Launch 2010 [50] (#cite_note-jamaicaobserver2-50) Fashion Art Toronto: Toronto Alternative Art Fashion Week 2011 [53] (#cite_note-53) The Collections 2012: Kingston, Jamaica [54] (#cite_note-54) Kingston Bridal Week 2012: Kingston, Jamaica [55] (#cite_note-55) Bratislavske Modne DNI 2012: Bratislava, Slovakia [43] (#cite_note-tumblr1-43) [56] (#cite_note-56) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Ellis, Tanya (30 March 2008). "Lubica brings sophisticated style to Jamaica" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121008174549/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080330/ent/ent2.html) . Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Gleaner_Company) . Archived from the original (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080330/ent/ent2.html) on 8 October 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Conversation with Jamaican Based Fashion Designer, Lubica (Jamaica)" (http://www.jamaicans.com/articles/primeinterviews/ConversationLubica.shtml) . Jamaicans.com . 25 April 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lubica fashion design" (http://www.lubica.com) . Lubica.com . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Henry, Krista (2 June 2006). "Lubica comes in from the cold" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121008174620/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060602/ent/ent5.html) . Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Gleaner_Company) . Archived from the original (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060602/ent/ent5.html) on 8 October 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hansen, Erin (20 November 2010). "Belle adds flair at Base Kingston" (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20101120/ent/ent2.html) . Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Gleaner_Company) . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion Bio: Month 1 Lubica" (http://struttmodels.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/fashion-bio-month-1-lubica/) . Strutt Central Blog . 25 May 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tami Chynn launches new fashion line – Business" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120812195432/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/TAMI-CHIN_7517577) . The Jamaica Observer (/wiki/The_Jamaica_Observer) . 1 April 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/TAMI-CHIN_7517577) on 12 August 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ľubica Kučerová: Nová hviezda Karibiku je z Lučenca" (http://hn.hnonline.sk/ekonomika-a-firmy-117/lubica-kucerova-nova-hviezda-karibiku-je-z-lucenca-256071) [Lubica Kucerova: New Caribbean Star from Lučenec]. Hospodárske noviny (/wiki/Hospod%C3%A1rske_noviny) (in Slovak) . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Library by Theatrical" (http://homepage.mac.com/jmccoy/DVDs/page6.html) . Homepage.mac.com . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lubica Kucerova (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1993645/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lubica Kucerova Filmography" (http://www.fandango.com/lubicakucerova/filmography/p442658) . Fandango (/wiki/Fandango_(ticket_service)) . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lubica Kucerova – About This Person" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121105004213/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/442658/Lubica-Kucerova) . Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 2012. Archived from the original (https://movies.nytimes.com/person/442658/Lubica-Kucerova) on 5 November 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Coast Clip HD: Coloured" (https://vimeo.com/11751847) . New Caribbean Cinema. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "New Caribbean Cinema: Shorts" (http://newcaribbeancinema.wordpress.com/new-directors-new-faces-2/) . wordpress.com. 16 August 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Betta mus Come on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Hosay Festival in Jamaica" (http://www.expeditionjamaica.com/en/item/8-better-mus-come-a-jamaican-story) . ExpeditionJamaica . Retrieved 24 May 2012 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-17) Beyond (https://vimeo.com/44169296) on Vimeo (/wiki/Vimeo) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Silvera, Janet (27 April 2012). "Lubica opens her trunk" (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120427/social/social1.html) . Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Gleaner_Company) . 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Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Kingston Bridal Week – All Woman" (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/Kingston-Bridal-Week_12369528) . The Jamaica Observer (/wiki/The_Jamaica_Observer) . 3 September 2012 . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Grandison, Garfene (8 October 2012). "Lubica's fashion days in Slovakia – Flair" (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20121008/flair/flair8.html) . Jamaica Gleaner (/wiki/Gleaner_Company) . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.lubica.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐2zqdj Cached time: 20240712144019 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.576 seconds Real time usage: 0.685 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4456/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 93082/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3874/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 193281/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.362/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10135156/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 637.665 1 -total 59.16% 377.229 1 Template:Reflist 27.72% 176.765 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 22.56% 143.872 42 Template:Cite_web 18.67% 119.072 10 Template:Cite_news 8.28% 52.770 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.43% 40.986 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 6.00% 38.284 3 Template:Dead_link 5.40% 34.438 3 Template:Fix 4.97% 31.683 1 Template:Infobox_person/height Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32767516-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712144019 and revision id 1217209714. 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German fashion designer (born 1967) Michael Michalsky Michalsky in 2005 Born ( 1967-02-23 ) 23 February 1967 (age 57) Göttingen (/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen) , West Germany (/wiki/West_Germany) Occupation(s) Fashion designer, product and interior designer Labels Michalsky, Lascana, Protect, MCM Awards Red Dot Design Team of the Year 2005 (/wiki/Red_Dot) GQ German National Designer of the Year Award 2003 (/wiki/GQ) Website michalsky (http://michalsky.com) .com (http://michalsky.com) Michael Michalsky (born 23 February 1967) is a German fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . He is the founder and head designer of the fashion label Michalsky . He is also the creative director of the luxury handbag manufacturer MCM (/wiki/Modern_Creation_Munich) since 2005. [1] (#cite_note-1) Besides his fashion business, Michalsky runs the agency Michalsky DesignLab, which offers design services. Today, Michalsky is considered one of Germany's most influential designers. [2] (#cite_note-2) His StyleNite (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week#StyleNite) at Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) is followed by the global fashion scene. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life and influences [ edit ] Michalsky was born on 23 February 1967 in Göttingen and grew up in Rümpel (/wiki/R%C3%BCmpel) near Bad Oldesloe (/wiki/Bad_Oldesloe) where he graduated from the Theodor Mommsen (/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen) secondary school in 1987. Until 1992, he studied at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . [4] (#cite_note-4) After his graduation, Michalsky kept his promise to work in the hospice (/wiki/Hospice) Lighthouse : "It was shocking, my first experience with death and AIDS (/wiki/AIDS) . It was there that I realised: fashion, being hip and knowing famous people is completely unimportant if you don't have an emotional base". Michalsky's main source of inspiration is music. He was heavily influenced by London's youth culture during the 1980s, when the rise of music videos and the success of MTV (/wiki/MTV) strengthened the link between music and fashion. Until today, Michalsky admires the 1980s pop icon Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) : "I am a true fan of Madonna. She has inspired me with her looks and her music for almost all my life." Besides music, Michalsky is also passionate about photography: "I collect photos of Yva (/wiki/Yva) , the famous fashion photographer from Berlin during the 1920s and 1930s who also taught Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) , of Edmund Kesting, Herbert List (/wiki/Herbert_List) and F.C. Gundlach with his fashion portraits of the 1950s. And I am also fascinated by architecture (/wiki/Architecture) ." Career [ edit ] A catwalk design for the Michalsky StyleNite (/wiki/StyleNite) at Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Michalsky and German fashion model Eva Padberg (/wiki/Eva_Padberg) at Frankfurt Hair and Beauty show, 2014 After university, Michalsky started his career as design manager at Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) in Germany. From 1995 until early 2006, he worked at adidas AG (/wiki/Adidas) where he held the position as Global Creative Director for six years. [5] (#cite_note-5) During this time, Michalsky initiated and developed cooperations and product lines with the fashion designers Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) and Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) as well as with rap musician Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) . He was also responsible for the re-launch of older adidas products in a " Retro (/wiki/Retro_style) -look". [6] (#cite_note-6) In May 2005, Michalsky was approached by the Korean luxury group Sungjoo (/wiki/Kim_Sung-joo_(entrepreneur)) with the task to revive the tarnished fashion brand MCM (/wiki/Mode_Creation_Munich) . [7] (#cite_note-7) He holds the position as creative director at the luxury goods brand with German heritage until today. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2006, Michalsky founded fashion and lifestyle company Michalsky Holding GmbH in Berlin. In January 2007, he launched his first fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) in the city hall Rotes Rathaus (/wiki/Rotes_Rathaus) . In 2014, Michalsky appeared on America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) ; he became the director when cycle 21 of ANTM models did a MCM bags photoshoot in Seoul City Hall. The designer presents the latest collection of his label Michalsky twice a year during Mercedes Benz Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Besides working for his own label and the brand MCM, Michalsky also designs sportswear collections for the company Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(company)) China since 2009. Kapa China belongs to the Chinese (/wiki/China) sporting goods group Dongxiang (/wiki/China_Dongxiang) . [11] (#cite_note-11) On July 5, 2021, the television station RTL announced that Michalsky would be part of the jury for Das Supertalent in 2021 alongside Lukas Podolski and Chantal Janzen. [12] (#cite_note-12) Awards and honors [ edit ] 2003 "National Designer of the Year" awarded by GQ Germany (/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Quarterly) 2004 "Sportstyle Designer of the Year" awarded by the ISPO VISION 2005 Red Dot Design Team of the Year (/wiki/Red_dot_design_award) together with his adidas (/wiki/Adidas) -designteam [13] (#cite_note-13) 2006 Featured in the exhibition "100 Heads of Tomorrow" (German: 100 Köpfe von Morgen ) which was commissioned by the government initiative "Germany – Land of Ideas" (German: Deutschland – Land der Ideen ) Fashion [ edit ] Michalsky's fashion range is broad and diverse as he creates fashion for various segments: premium apparel, sportswear, bags and accessories. His own collection Michalsky belongs to the high fashion segment and combines classic styles with streetwear influences. Michalsky sees himself not as an artist, but as a lifestyle designer . [14] (#cite_note-14) With his designs, he wants to address a wide range of people and encourage a joyful approach to fashion. This mindset is expressed in the claim "Real Clothes for Real People". [15] (#cite_note-15) Overview of current design works: Label Period Collections Description MCM since 2005 Bags and accessories (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter) Luxury accessories for women Michalsky since 2007 Women, men, accessories (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter) High fashion Kappa China since 2009 Various sportswear collections (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter) Sportswear and streetwear Protect since 2010 Collection in cooperation with the WWF Germany (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter) T-shirts and basics Lascana since 2012 Women's beachwear (One collection per year) Beachwear and swimwear Michalsky DesignLab [ edit ] Bags inspired in Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) by Michalsky In 2009, Michalsky founded the agency Michalsky Designlab in 2009, offering design services in the areas of product and interior design. Work examples of Michalsky DesignLab: 2009: Summer Mobile Collection 2009 for Sony (/wiki/Sony) [16] (#cite_note-16) 2009: Leather collection for the world premiere of the concept car BMW (/wiki/BMW) Vision EfficientDynamics, presented during IAA (/wiki/Internationale_Automobil-Ausstellung) 2010: 500 costumes for the revue show YMA at Friedrichstadt-Palast (/wiki/Friedrichstadt-Palast) in Berlin [17] (#cite_note-17) 2010: Design of the product packaging of the laundry detergent Ariel (/wiki/Ariel_(laundry)) [18] (#cite_note-18) 2011: Design of the Catwalk-Bar in Berlin's Marriott (/wiki/Marriott_International) Hotel at Potsdamer Platz (/wiki/Potsdamer_Platz) , Germany's first fashion bar [19] (#cite_note-19) 2012: Product Design for Spreequell - Michael Michalsky created an exclusive, elegant bottle design - Q Spreequell Premium [20] (#cite_note-20) Licences [ edit ] Perfume [ edit ] In September 2010, Michalsky presented his first two fragrances, Michalsky for Men and Michalsky for Women . The perfume (/wiki/Perfume) was created in cooperation with the fragrance house Mäurer & Wirtz (/wiki/M%C3%A4urer_%26_Wirtz) . [21] (#cite_note-21) The launch of the perfume was accompanied by an advertising campaign (/wiki/Advertising_campaign) which caused a sensation in public due to its erotic character. The campaign theme pictures a man and a woman in a highly provocative position. [22] (#cite_note-22) In September 2011, the second perfume series Michalsky Urban Nomads for men and women was launched. The theme corresponds to the inspiration of the Michalsky Fall/Winter 2011 collection. [23] (#cite_note-23) Eyewear [ edit ] Since 2008, the Michalsky eyewear collection is produced and marketed by the company Nigura Metzler . The collection consists of sunglasses, correctional frames and a limited edition. The latest eyewear collection is presented bi-annually at the Michalsky fashion show. [24] (#cite_note-24) Living Collection [ edit ] In October 2012, Michalsky presented his first METROPOLIS by MICHALSKY LIVING Sofa Collection produced and marketed by the company Polipol. [25] (#cite_note-25) Actually he has expanded his successful LIVING Collection with wallpapers by A.S. Création and carpets by Reinkemeier Rietberg - out at the stores in fall 2013 [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Michalsky Stylenite [ edit ] Main article: Berlin Fashion Week § StyleNite (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week#StyleNite) The Michalsky fashion shows gradually evolved to the Stylenite (/wiki/Stylenite) , a cultural event organised by the designer taking place twice a year during Berlin Fashion Week. Besides the women and men fashion shows, the event schedule includes performances in the areas of music, film and art. Among the artists who have performed at previous StyleNites were: Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Spandau Ballet (/wiki/Spandau_Ballet) , Hurts (/wiki/Hurts_(duo)) , Mirrors (/wiki/Mirrors_(band)) , OMD (/wiki/Orchestral_Manoeuvres_in_the_Dark) , Nadja Michael (/wiki/Nadja_Michael) , Alphaville (/wiki/Alphaville_(band)) , Icona Pop (/wiki/Icona_Pop) , MS MR (/wiki/MS_MR) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "성주그룹" (http://www.sungjoogroup.com/en/brand/mcm.asp) . Sungjoogroup.com . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Berlin Fashion Week Official Website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120425092555/http://www.fashion-week-berlin.com/en/last-season/july-2011/highlights/july_2011/M/Michalsky/michalsky/) . Archived from the original (http://www.fashion-week-berlin.com/en/last-season/july-2011/highlights/july_2011/M/Michalsky/michalsky/) on 25 April 2012 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) StyleNite by Michalsky website (http://www.michalsky.com/en/stylenite/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141023131246/http://www.michalsky.com/en/stylenite/) 23 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "London College of Fashion – Michael Michalsky" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120330161012/http://www.fashion.arts.ac.uk/alumni/profiles/michaelmichalsky/) . Fashion.arts.ac.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.fashion.arts.ac.uk/alumni/profiles/michaelmichalsky/) on 30 March 2012 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "red dot online: Michael Michalsky leaves adidas" (http://en.red-dot.org/1741.html?&L=1red) . En.red-dot.org. 17 March 2006 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "index magazine interview" (http://www.indexmagazine.com/interviews/michael_michalsky.shtml) . Indexmagazine.com . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "After Adidas, designer sports own aesthetic" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/style/07iht-fmichal.2409523.html?pagewanted=all) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "MCM - Meet the Key Players Behind-the-Scenes" (http://blog.mcmworldwide.com/view/?category=0&keyword=&keyword2=texi&pageSeq=1&seq=316) . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Michalsky Rocks Berlin's City Hall (http://www.fashionwiredaily.com/first_word/runway/article.weml?id=882) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "MICHALSKY: Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080204150832/http://www.mercedes-benzfashionweek.com/shows/michalsky.html) . Mercedes-benzfashionweek.com. Archived from the original (http://www.mercedes-benzfashionweek.com/shows/michalsky.html) on 4 February 2008 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Michael Michalsky X Kappa P-A.C series officially launched(91612)" (http://news.everychina.com/wz413a20/michael_michalsky_x_kappa_p_a_c_series_officially_launched.html) . News.everychina.com. 20 May 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Online, R. T. L. (28 September 2021). "Supertalent 2021: Michael Michalsky & Chantal Janzen machen die Jury komplett" (https://www.rtl.de/cms/supertalent-2021-michael-michalsky-chantal-janzen-machen-die-jury-komplett-4790248.html) . RTL Online (in German) . Retrieved 3 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "red dot online: adidas chosen as design team of the year" (http://en.red-dot.org/1354.html) . En.red-dot.org. 24 June 2005 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The pack leader" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101220150804/http://fashion.sugarhigh.de/the-pack-leader) . Archived from the original (http://fashion.sugarhigh.de/the-pack-leader) on 20 December 2010 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Michalsky Keeps It Real - WSJ.com" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126411349523732869) . Online.wsj.com. 22 January 2010 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "confashion - confashion.com - moving confessions, runway shows" (http://www.confashion.com/ss2010/michalsky7-2009.htm) . confashion.com. 3 July 2009 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Yma « Friedrichstadt-Palast Berlin" (http://www.show-palace.eu/en/shows/yma/) . Show-palace.eu . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Michael Michalsky for Ariel "City Style - Because You Love It Clean" (http://youarebestdressed.blogspot.com/2011/07/michael-michalsky-for-ariel-city-style.html) " (http://youarebestdressed.blogspot.com/2011/07/michael-michalsky-for-ariel-city-style.html) . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Fashion Designer Michael Michalsky Creates Bar | Home | Deutsche Welle" (http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14801553,00.html) . Dw-world.de . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Q Spreequell Premium" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130828231853/http://www.spreequell-premiumq.de/designkompetenz/flaschendesign/) . spreequell-premiumq.de. Archived from the original (http://www.spreequell-premiumq.de/designkompetenz/flaschendesign/) on 28 August 2013 . Retrieved 16 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Mãurer & Wirtz signs new fragrance licences - 19/11/09" (http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=29&doc_id=22425) . TheMoodieReport.com . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Eugen Bauder for Michalsky" (http://www.malemodelscene.net/eugen-bauder/eugen-bauder-michalsky/) . Malemodelscene.net. 8 September 2010 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Michael Michalsky Urban Nomads, New Perfumes" (http://www.perfumediary.com/new-perfumes/michael-michalsky-urban-nomads-new-perfumes/) . 13 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Nigura Metzler: The Michalsky Eyewear Collection successfully launched" (http://www.nigura-metzler.de/en/about-nigura-metzler/press/press-reports/detail/2011/02/17/michalsky-eyewear-kollektion-erfolgreich-auf-der-internationalen-optik-trendmesse-praesentiert.html) . Nigura-metzler.de. 17 February 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "MICHALSKY LIVING Sofa Collection" (https://archive.today/20130816085839/http://www.michalsky.com/michalsky-living/die-sofas/) . 16 August 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.michalsky.com/michalsky-living/die-sofas/) on 16 August 2013 . Retrieved 24 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "MICHALSKY LIVING wallpaper Collection" (http://www.as-creation.de/tapeten/brands/michalsky-living.html) . 16 August 2013 . Retrieved 16 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "MICHALSKY LIVING carpet Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130828141502/http://www.reinkemeier-rietberg.de/startseite/handel/marken/metropolis-by-michalsky-living/) . 16 August 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.reinkemeier-rietberg.de/startseite/handel/marken/metropolis-by-michalsky-living/) on 28 August 2013 . Retrieved 16 August 2013 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Michalsky (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Michalsky) . Michalsky's website (https://www.michalsky.com/) StyleNite website (https://web.archive.org/web/20141023131246/http://www.michalsky.com/en/stylenite/) Michael Michalsky TV channel (http://www.michalsky.tv) Bottes Michalsky (http://www.les-bottes-me-bottent.fr/michalsky-bottes-beige/) MCM fashion label website (http://www.mcmworldwide.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000019448375) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/52885480) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqbrwGyt6F9qmcgyqgYfq) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/133726118) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐2jpzg Cached time: 20240720194718 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.556 seconds Real time usage: 0.970 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3059/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53891/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3780/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 98313/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.343/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7801266/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 645.350 1 -total 35.88% 231.571 1 Template:Reflist 26.88% 173.485 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 25.79% 166.409 25 Template:Cite_web 13.78% 88.926 1 Template:Authority_control 11.04% 71.246 1 Template:Short_description 7.15% 46.170 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.28% 40.554 21 Template:Main_other 6.14% 39.605 2 Template:Pagetype 6.01% 38.800 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33332530-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720194718 and revision id 1218359054. 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1980s women's business fashion style Born in the second half of the 1970s and developed in the 1980s, power dressing is a fashion style that enables women to establish their authority in a professional and political environment traditionally dominated by men. History [ edit ] The term power dressing relates to a fashion style typical of the business and politics environment of the 1970s and 1980s. Today, the expression "power dressing" is no longer commonly used, but the style is still popular. Power dressing arose in the United States in the second half of the 1970s. Power dressing could be analyzed through visual sociology (/wiki/Visual_sociology) , which studies how fashion operates in the relationship between social systems and the negotiation of power. [1] (#cite_note-1) The concept of power dressing was brought to popularity by John T. Molloy's manuals Dress for success (/wiki/Dress_for_Success_(book)) (1975) and Women: dress for success (1977), which suggest a gender specific professional dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) . Molloy's manuals addressed a new kind of female workers entering in a typical masculine environment recommending the skirted suit as a "uniform" that would help them to acquire authority, respect and power at work. [2] (#cite_note-2) Features [ edit ] Initially power dressing consisted in a conservative style recalling directly the male wardrobe including tailored suits, jackets with padded shoulders, roll-neck sweaters and knee length skirts. With the power dressing uniform, the female body was divided in two parts: The upper part covered by a jacket to de-emphasize breasts, the bottom covered with a skirt that was a reminder of femininity. [3] (#cite_note-3) These outfits were usually matched with feminine accessories such as silk scarves and discreet pieces of jewelry like brooches and pearl necklaces. Elaborate patterns such as floral prints were rejected in favor of pinstripes, houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) , and plaids. As far as colors were concerned, sober, neutral shades such as blue, black, navy, and grey were commonly preferred to bright or pastel colors ones like purple, red, and pink. Origins [ edit ] The origins of power dressing can be found in the Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) suit of the 1920s. The Chanel suit was composed by a tight skirt and by a wool, collarless button-up jacket, usually with braid trim, metallic buttons and fitted sleeves. [4] (#cite_note-4) This suit represented a turning point in the way women dressed. In fact, it was the very first professional suit specifically thought for women, which enabled them to look modern and feminine while feeling comfortable. It included traditionally masculine elements which gave women a very authoritative appearance, but at the same time it left space for a refined and sophisticated look. [5] (#cite_note-5) The most important innovation of the Chanel suit was that it was deliberately designed to adapt to the changing lifestyle of women that, during and after World War I, were slowly entering previously all-male environments. This suit encouraged women to try to reach their professional goals giving them comfort and mobility to fit with their independent and active lifestyles. According to the costume historian Harold Koda (/wiki/Harold_Koda) [6] (#cite_note-6) the Chanel suit allowed women of the time to de-sex their feminine look and to have a more masculine appearance in order to be accepted as equals in the professional sphere. The shoulder pad designs of Claude Montana (/wiki/Claude_Montana) were also credited for defining the 1980s power-dressing era. [7] (#cite_note-7) Evolution [ edit ] It was only when enough women were clearly established as authoritative in the work environment, that it was possible to renovate the women's suit: no more feminized imitations of men's professional garments but suit different in fabric, cut, color and ornament, helping women to show both their authority and their femininity. Wearing a suit did not represent an effort to blend in with men but an effort to stand out and define a clear visual presence. [8] (#cite_note-8) In fact, it was only in the second half of the 1980s that more feminine garments were introduced in the "power uniform". For instance blouses were worn with intricate cravat effect neck wrappings, made up in silk or polyester satin foulard. Social meaning [ edit ] Power dressing discourse was significant in building a new type of working woman appearing in the society at the time. The notion of career woman stepped into contemporary society as women reached high powered job positions, which previously were intended to men. With the help of an empowering self-presentation such as power suits, women were trying to break through the glass ceiling (/wiki/Glass_ceiling) . The development of power dressing was pivotal in bringing to public visibility women in executive or business position. It served as a way to construct their image and to make them recognizable at public society's eyes. Women saw this new clothing style as way to detach from the classical feminine meaning of fashion, mainly associated with aesthetics and frivolity. Power dressing locates power at body level giving a message about women and their profession, enclosing at the same time something about self-esteem and confidence. [9] (#cite_note-9) Sexuality [ edit ] One of the main purposes of power dressing was to reduce the female body's sexuality to gain authority in the workplace. According to Entwistle, [10] (#cite_note-10) in western culture female dress is considered to be more sexual than male dress. The feminine body has historically been associated with nature, nurturing, and reproduction, something that can be problematic in most workplaces, where manifesting such sexuality is considered inappropriate. According to some sociologists and psychologists, the primary function by which most women choose clothes and accessories is to look sexually appealing so that they may attract a partner. Feminists and even Freud (/wiki/Freud) have spoken out against this theory, since it has been well observed that both men and women take pleasure in being looked at by others, as well as take pleasure in looking at others, in a sexual context. However, it is only the female body which remains overly sexualized culturally. [11] (#cite_note-11) Power dressing thus attempts to counterbalance a woman's natural femininity and inherent sexuality, with the goal of preventing the sexual misinterpretation through her clothes that might otherwise allow. [12] (#cite_note-12) In the media [ edit ] Icons [ edit ] Margaret Thatcher wearing a typical power dressing outfit Power dressing, as a new fashion phenomenon, has its symbols in public figures such as Margaret Thatcher (/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher) , Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) , Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) , and many more. [13] (#cite_note-13) Margaret Thatcher above all was one of the first to incorporate the spirit of power suits [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) and had a "reputation as the original female power-dresser". [17] (#cite_note-17) Her personal style was, according to Vogue, reinvented following Molloy's suggestions in order to make her appearance appropriate for the role of Prime Minister. [ citation needed ] Margaret Thatcher's style sets the rules on how female politicians should dress, which is a conservative, powerful but simultaneously feminine way. [18] (#cite_note-18) Her typical power suits consisted in a skirt (/wiki/Skirt) suit with wide shoulder (/wiki/Shoulder) , a pussy-bow blouse and the Asprey (/wiki/Asprey) handbag (/wiki/Handbag) , which, thanks to her, became famous. Her signature style was to be expressed in the very famous pearl necklace. [19] (#cite_note-19) She was able to pave the way for all those careers-motivated women who were trying to succeed in a male dominated world and like her, they could find support in clothes and accessories to communicate authority and power. Hillary Clinton is a contemporary icon of power dressing: with her pantsuits she is a follower of the Thatcher style. [20] (#cite_note-20) Television shows [ edit ] Main references to power dressing in popular culture are to be found in 1980's soap operas such as Dallas (/wiki/Dallas_(1978_TV_series)) (1978–1991) and Dynasty (/wiki/Dynasty_(1981_TV_series)) (1981–1989). In these TV series typical elements of power dressing, such as padded shoulders and costume jewelry, are easily recognizable. In Dallas , together with the typical features of power dressing more bright colors were to be seen. This TV show contributed to the return of strong colors, like fuchsia pinks, sea greens, purples, royal blue and red in a women's wardrobe. Also women's fashion and business shoes were revisited during that period, changing the pointed toes and spiked heels, popular in the 1950s and early 1960s, with some fashion shoes covered with white satin or canvas and dyed to the customer's favorite color. [21] (#cite_note-21) Films [ edit ] Working Girl (/wiki/Working_Girl) : In this movie power dressing is embodied in the figures of Katherine, the superboss, and Tess, the secretary. Katherine symbolizes a model of business elegance in mid-grey collarless silk jacket with padded shoulders. Her style shows important features of power dressing, but she also wears vivid red dresses, symbol of power and respect. Tess is stylistically the opposite. She adapts power dressing to her personal style making it more feminine. For instance during a business cocktail meeting, Tess wears a long black sparkly dress and a dark brown fur coat, attracting people's attention. Tess is "the first woman […] that dresses like a woman, not like a woman would think a man would dress if he was a woman" . [22] (#cite_note-22) On the contrary, the other secretaries in the movie have a different style. They appear as young and energetic girls and their clothes are the example of some quite bad taste outfits, including leopard skin print jackets, black stripe tights and copious baggy leather outerwear, often worn with gaudy hoop earrings or all gold accessories. The Iron Lady (/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)) : The movie tells the story of the British politician and icon of power dressing Margaret Thatcher. Starting from her youth and going through all her life, it shows her transformation to become the first British female prime minister. [23] (#cite_note-23) See also [ edit ] 1980s portal (/wiki/Portal:1980s) 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) Shoulder pads (fashion) (/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(fashion)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashioning Power – Visual self-presentation in Social Life", Anna Akbari, Submitted to The New School for Social Research in May 2008 - Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jeffrey Goldfarb, Dr. Elzbieta Matynia, Dr. Jacho Kang, Dr. Marshall Blonsky) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Buy this Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption", Mica Nava, Andrew Blake, Iain MacRury, Barry Richards – Routledge, 1997 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Fashioned body – Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory", Joanne Entwistle, Polity Press, 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Gurjot New York, Luxury Custom, Bespoke, and Ready-to-Wear Businesswear for Women" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130928064453/http://www.gurjotnewyork.com/blog/the-history-of-the-suit-coco-chanel-and-the-first-womens-suit) . www.gurjotnewyork.com . Archived from the original (http://www.gurjotnewyork.com/blog/the-history-of-the-suit-coco-chanel-and-the-first-womens-suit/) on 2013-09-28. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Chanel" by Harold Koda, Andrew Bolton, Olivier Saillard, Rhonda Garelick (Contribution by), Karl Lagerfeld (Contributor), Caroline Rennolds Milbank (Contributor), Nancy J. Troy (Contributor) - Published June 11th 2005 by Metropolitan Museum of Art ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Chanel" by Harold Koda, Andrew Bolton, Olivier Saillard, Rhonda Garelick (Contribution by), Karl Lagerfeld (Contributor), Caroline Rennolds Milbank (Contributor), Nancy J. Troy (Contributor) - Published June 11th 2005 by Metropolitan Museum of Art ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Claude Montana, troubled fashion designer known in the 1980s as 'King of the Shoulder Pad' – obituary" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2024/02/23/claude-montana-fashion-designer-obituary/) . The Telegraph. 23 February 2024 . Retrieved 24 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashioning Power – Visual self-presentation in Social Life", Anna Akbari, Submitted to The New School for Social Research in May 2008 - Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jeffrey Goldfarb, Dr. Elzbieta Matynia, Dr. Jacho Kang, Dr. Marshall Blonsky) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Buy this Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption", Mica Nava, Andrew Blake, Iain MacRury, Barry Richards – Routledge, 1997 ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Fashioned body – Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory", Joanne Entwistle, Polity Press, 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Fashioned body – Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory", Joanne Entwistle, Polity Press, 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The Fashioned body – Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory", Joanne Entwistle, Polity Press, 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Dressing the Iron Lady" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/dressing-the-iron-lady/97518) . Stylist . 2012-01-05 . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Menkes, Suzy (2013-04-09). "For Margaret Thatcher, a Wardrobe Was Armor" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/fashion/for-margaret-thatcher-a-wardrobe-was-armor.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Phelan, Hayley. "Margaret Thatcher Set the Bar for Power Dressing" (https://fashionista.com/2013/04/margaret-thatcher-set-the-bar-for-power-dressing) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "No style icon but an image-maker: why Margaret Thatcher was the wrong fit for the V&A" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/nov/03/no-style-icon-but-an-image-maker-why-margaret-thatcher-was-the-wrong-fit-for-the-va) . the Guardian . 2015-11-03 . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Leaper, Caroline (2016-12-14). "Margaret Thatcher's fashion influence is confirmed as her outfits go on display at the V&A" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/margaret-thatchers-fashion-influence-confirmed-new-va-display/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Phelan, Hayley. "Margaret Thatcher Set the Bar for Power Dressing" (https://fashionista.com/2013/04/margaret-thatcher-set-the-bar-for-power-dressing) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Phelan, Hayley. "Margaret Thatcher Set the Bar for Power Dressing" (https://fashionista.com/2013/04/margaret-thatcher-set-the-bar-for-power-dressing) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The New Power Dressing" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/power-dressing) . British Vogue . 31 October 2014 . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Power Dressing" (http://1980sfashion.weebly.com/power-dressing.html) . Fashion in the 1980s . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Working Girl: The Culture of Power Dressing" (http://clothesonfilm.com/working-girl-the-culture-of-power-dressing/) . Clothes on Film . 2013-09-27 . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Team, Stylist (2012-01-05). "Dressing the Iron Lady" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/dressing-the-iron-lady/97518) . Stylist . Retrieved 2021-03-23 . Bibliography [ edit ] Akbari, Anna (2008). Fashioning Power: Visual Self-presentation in Social Life . The New School for Social Research. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Entwistle, J. (2000). The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory . Polity Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0745620078 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0745620078) . Koda, Bolton, Saillard, Garelick (2005). Chanel . Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300107135 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300107135) . John T. Molloy (1975). New Dress for Success . Warner Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0446385522 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0446385522) . John T. Molloy (1980). New Women's Dress for Success . Business Plus. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0446672238 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0446672238) . Nava, Blake, MacRury, Richards (1996). Buy This Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415141311 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415141311) . Wilson, E. (2003). Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity . London: Virago. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0813533333 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813533333) . 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American fashion designer from New York Dapper Dan Dan during an interview in December 2019 Born Daniel Day ( 1944-08-08 ) August 8, 1944 (age 79) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Other names "Dap" Occupations Businessman fashion designer tailor Years active 1982–present Known for Dapper Dan's Boutique, Dapper Dan's of Harlem Daniel R. Day (born August 8, 1944), known as Dapper Dan , is an American fashion designer and haberdasher (/wiki/Haberdasher) from Harlem (/wiki/Harlem) , New York. [1] (#cite_note-newyorker-1) His store, Dapper Dan's Boutique, operated from 1982 to 1992 and is most associated with introducing high fashion to hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) culture; its clientele includes Mike Tyson (/wiki/Mike_Tyson) , Eric B. & Rakim (/wiki/Eric_B._%26_Rakim) , Salt-N-Pepa (/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa) , LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) , and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) . In 2017, he launched a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) line with Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , with whom he opened a second store and atelier (/wiki/Atelier) , Dapper Dan's of Harlem, in 2018. [2] (#cite_note-nytimes-2) [3] (#cite_note-gq-3) Dan is included in Time ' s 100 (/wiki/Time_100) Most Influential People of 2020. [4] (#cite_note-4) Early life [ edit ] Dan was born in Harlem (/wiki/Harlem) , New York, in 1944, and he was born at home with his grandmother as a midwife. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) He grew up on 129th and Lexington Avenue (/wiki/Lexington_Avenue) with three brothers and three sisters. His father, Robert, was a civil servant and his mother, Lily, a homemaker. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes2017-6) All nine of them lived in a three bedroom apartment. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) He recalls horses and buggies still on the streets in his early childhood, in the post- World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) days of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . By age 13, he was a skilled gambler; his success as a gambler helped him finance his first store. [7] (#cite_note-interview-7) Dapper Dan became tired of the street life after listening to a Malcolm X (/wiki/Malcolm_X) speech. Malcolm X said, "If you want to understand the flower, study the seed." This prompted Dan to indulge in studying at the Countee Cullen Library (/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture) . He soon went back to school and entered into an academic program sponsored by the Urban League (/wiki/Urban_League) and Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) . [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In the 1960s, Dan worked for a Harlem newspaper called Forty Acres and a Mule, as he initially wanted to become a writer. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) During this time he went through a life-style change and became a vegetarian. In 1968–74, he toured Africa as part of the Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) and the Urban League (/wiki/Urban_League) academic program. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes2017-6) Career [ edit ] Dapper Dan's Boutique [ edit ] When Dan returned to New York in 1974, he decided to be a clothier, and first sold shoplifted (/wiki/Shoplifting) items out of his car. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes2017-6) Dapper Dan's Boutique, located on 125th Street (/wiki/125th_Street_(Manhattan)) between Madison (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) and Fifth Avenues (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) , opened in 1982, and at times was open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. [7] (#cite_note-interview-7) Dan approached his designs through personal experience, specifically from his previous jobs. Being a professional gambler taught him that what you wear will influence how people interact with you, so he used this unspoken language in his designs. Dan's previous disciplines are also what prepared him to simultaneously be a creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) and businessman. Additionally, he was an observer and approached his designs from a psychological point of view. When working with a new client, he would ask himself "Who are they?" and "What do they want?" [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Dan originally planned to be a clothing wholesaler (/wiki/Wholesaler) but soon faced prejudice as he ventured out. He struggled to buy the textiles (/wiki/Textile) and furs (/wiki/Fur) he needed, as most companies refused to do business with him because of his race or location. Instead of purchasing outfits to sell, he began teaching himself as much as he could about the industry so he could create his own designs from scratch. [10] (#cite_note-dazed-10) He would go to the public library in Midtown to study fashion and symbols, thus where he became inspired by the power of timeless logos. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Selling his own furs was a way for Dan to get away from his old lifestyle, and he began designing furs specifically because they were a Harlem (/wiki/Harlem) fashion staple. Irving Chaiken, Dapper Dan's friend, taught Dan different manufacturing techniques for furs, ranging from chinchilla (/wiki/Chinchilla) to fox (/wiki/Fox) . Fred the Furrier became Dan's fur wholesale supplier, and Fred's brother was the one that persuaded Dan to expand into leather goods. He noticed designers like Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) were only designing bags, wallets and luggage out of leather, but he wanted to make garments out of leather. This is what essentially inspired him to make his infamous jacket for Diane Dixon (/wiki/Diane_Dixon) . [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Despite his connections, Dapper Dan struggled finding pattern makers and seamstresses that could properly execute his designs. Dan himself couldn't sew and did not consider himself a tailor, despite how the media depicted him, but eventually he found a team he worked well with. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Dapper Dan referred to his designer inspired designs as knock-ups, as he felt they were too extravagant to be called knock-offs. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Dan states that he would never design anything that the luxury fashion houses would think of because his designs were too cutting edge. [12] (#cite_note-12) He used fabrics he designed himself after teaching himself textile printing. [7] (#cite_note-interview-7) Notably, he invented a new process for screen printing (/wiki/Screen_printing) onto leather (/wiki/Leather) , and would later also design jewelry and car interiors for luxury automobiles. [13] (#cite_note-therake-13) The opening of his store in the early 1980s coincided with the crack cocaine epidemic (/wiki/Crack_cocaine_epidemic) and the rise of hip-hop music (/wiki/Hip-hop_music) , both of which boosted his clientele. Dan's trademark was his bold usage of logos from high-end luxury brands like Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) and Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) . [10] (#cite_note-dazed-10) [13] (#cite_note-therake-13) His first boutique was about the size of a grocery store, where clients would come in late after clubbing/partying. Dan even had security that would stand outside of a gate, while they monitored the entrance. Dan would regularly sleep in his makeshift apartment in the back of the boutique. He would do this not only because the boutique was sometimes opened 24/7, but also because some clients would request a 24-hour turnaround on their garments. One of Dan's clients further sparked his interest in logos, when she came in with a new Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) clutch. He had never seen one in person before and this is what changed the game for him. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Dapper Dan's original boutique is now a chain school called Harlem Children's Zone Academy. [14] (#cite_note-14) Though his clothing was often referred to as streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) , Day's early clients in the 1980s were inspired significantly by the fashion flamboyance of Rat Pack (/wiki/Rat_Pack) icons like Frank Sinatra (/wiki/Frank_Sinatra) and Sammy Davis Jr. (/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr.) His main clientele were "hustlers and street people" [10] (#cite_note-dazed-10) —including drug kingpin Alpo Martinez (/wiki/Alpo_Martinez) —some of whom even requested bullet-proof (/wiki/Bullet-proof) parkas and hats. [13] (#cite_note-therake-13) [10] (#cite_note-dazed-10) [15] (#cite_note-complex-15) Day ventured into hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) in 1985, when he first styled LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) , and Day has since been associated with hip-hop royalty. Eric B. & Rakim (/wiki/Eric_B._%26_Rakim) who wore Dapper Dan's designs on the cover of their iconic albums Paid in Full (/wiki/Paid_in_Full_(album)) (1987) and Follow The Leader (/wiki/Follow_the_Leader_(Eric_B._%26_Rakim_album)) (1988). [13] (#cite_note-therake-13) He also created looks for The Fat Boys (/wiki/The_Fat_Boys) , Salt-N-Pepa (/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa) , KRS-One (/wiki/KRS-One) , Bobby Brown (/wiki/Bobby_Brown) , Jam Master Jay (/wiki/Jam_Master_Jay) and Big Daddy Kane (/wiki/Big_Daddy_Kane) , as well as sports stars such as boxers Mike Tyson (/wiki/Mike_Tyson) and Floyd Mayweather (/wiki/Floyd_Mayweather) , and athlete Diane Dixon (/wiki/Diane_Dixon) . [16] (#cite_note-wsj-16) Day's illegal use of logos in his custom-made designs led to counterfeiting raids and litigation, and ultimately the demise of his first store. In 1988, Tyson got into a brawl with Mitch Green (/wiki/Mitch_Green) outside his store, which put Dapper Dan's in the media spotlight for the first time. After Tyson was photographed wearing a "knock off" Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) jacket from Dapper Dan—which was referred to as "an all-night clothing store that caters to performers" in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) —interest in the store eventually brought his usage of European luxury fashion logos to the attention of the European luxury companies. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 1992, after legal action by Fendi and then-U.S. Attorney Sonia Sotomayor (/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor) , Dapper Dan's was shut down for good. [16] (#cite_note-wsj-16) He was shunned by the mainstream fashion world for decades, though he continued to work "underground" as a designer. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes2017-6) [15] (#cite_note-complex-15) He began outfitting undefeated boxer Floyd Mayweather (/wiki/Floyd_Mayweather) in 1999. [10] (#cite_note-dazed-10) Resurgence [ edit ] In September 2006 to February 2007 the Museum of the City of New York Fashion, showcased Dapper Dan's samples in an exhibition called Black Styles Now . [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Day's career has been revitalized in the 2010s, and he has found mainstream success since 2017. [18] (#cite_note-fast-18) In mid-2017, in a homage to Dapper Dan, Gucci's creative director Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) designed a jacket based on a well-known Dapper Dan design for Diane Dixon (/wiki/Diane_Dixon) in 1989. The original was a fur-lined jacket with balloon sleeves covered in the Louis Vuitton logo, which Michele replaced with the double-G Gucci logo. Social media reacted when Dixon shared a photo of the Gucci jacket next to her in the original one, with Dixon requesting that Dapper Dan get credit for his original; many believed that Gucci had stolen the Dapper Dan design, especially due to Gucci not stating it to be a homage until after they drew criticism. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes2017-6) [19] (#cite_note-19) Furthermore, this would lead to Diane Dixon proposing a Gucci and Dapper Dan collaboration. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Michelle and Dapper Dan used a subcultural when seeking out inspiration for their collection, to ensure a unique aesthetic. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2017, with the support of Michele and Gucci CEO Marco Bizzarri (/wiki/Marco_Bizzarri) , Day and the Italian brand partnered for a line of men's wear. [16] (#cite_note-wsj-16) [18] (#cite_note-fast-18) In 2018, Day opened a new atelier on Lenox Avenue (/wiki/Lenox_Avenue) in partnership with Gucci, Dapper Dan of Harlem, the first luxury house fashion store in Harlem. [2] (#cite_note-nytimes-2) [21] (#cite_note-telegraph-21) In May 2019, Gucci released a limited edition of Dapper Dan's Harlem . [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Gucci Garden Gallery in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , references Dapper Dan and the infamous jacket. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Dapper Dan is now a board member for reviewing applications for the Gucci Changemakers North America Scholarship program. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) In December 2023, Dapper Dan collaborated with American retailer Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) on a collection. [22] (#cite_note-22) In popular culture [ edit ] Dapper Dan has worked with musicians like Bobby Brown (/wiki/Bobby_Brown) , Eric B. & Rakim (/wiki/Eric_B._%26_Rakim) , LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) , Big Daddy Kane (/wiki/Big_Daddy_Kane) and Salt-N-Pepa (/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa) , essentially bridging the gap between hip-hop culture and luxury fashion. [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2001, Dapper Dan was referenced in a Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) lyric in his song "U Don't Know" from his album The Blueprint (/wiki/The_Blueprint) . [24] (#cite_note-chicagotribune-24) In 2002, he was referenced multiple times in the Alpo Martinez (/wiki/Alpo_Martinez) crime film Paid in Full (/wiki/Paid_in_Full_(2002_film)) . [13] (#cite_note-therake-13) Additionally in 2019, he was referenced in the poem Dapper Dan Meets Petey Shooting Cee-lo by Willie Perdomo (/wiki/Willie_Perdomo) . [25] (#cite_note-25) In September 2016, prior to the premiere of the Netflix original series Luke Cage (/wiki/Luke_Cage_(TV_series)) , Dapper Dan was featured in part of the "Street Level Hero" digital social video series to discuss Luke Cage , which is set in Harlem. [26] (#cite_note-26) He subsequently appeared in two episodes of the series, one in the first season and one in the second, playing himself. In November 2017, he appeared in a segment on Conan (/wiki/Conan_(talk_show)) for Conan O'Brien (/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien) 's stay at the Apollo Theater (/wiki/Apollo_Theater) in which he styled the talk show host. [27] (#cite_note-27) Day's memoir was published by Random House (/wiki/Random_House) in 2019. Sony Pictures (/wiki/Sony_Pictures) has already bought the rights to a film adaptation, with comedian Jerrod Carmichael (/wiki/Jerrod_Carmichael) attached as screenwriter and producer. [28] (#cite_note-28) Day will serve as executive producer of the film. [29] (#cite_note-29) Spanish singer, Rosalía (/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa) , referenced Mr. Dan in the track, 'Combi Versace (/wiki/Versace) ', from her third studio album, MOTOMAMI (/wiki/MOTOMAMI) . In 2019 Dapper Dan was a guest judge on Project Runway for the street wear challenge; Season 17 Episode 5. Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) references Dan in her verse on the Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) track "Endless Fashion". Personal life [ edit ] Dapper Dan's first racial experience was hearing his parents talk about how the structure of white society was affecting them. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Dan has had eight children with seven women: William Long, Daniel Day Jr., Danique Day, Aisha Day, Danielle Day, Malik Day, Tiffany White and Jelani Day, who is the brand manager for his father. [3] (#cite_note-gq-3) See also [ edit ] Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-newyorker_1-0) Sanneh, Kelefa (March 25, 2013). "Harlem Chic" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/03/25/harlem-chic) . The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001032848/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/03/25/harlem-chic) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Safronova, Valeriya (March 20, 2018). "Inside Dapper Dan and Gucci's Harlem Atelier" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-atelier-harlem.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031255/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-atelier-harlem.html) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Houghton, Edwin Stats (March 5, 2018). "Dapper Dan Talks His Gucci Partnership, Dressing Harlem's Notorious Gangsters, and Getting Busted by Sonia Sotomayor (Exclusive)" (https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031205/https://www.gq.com/story/dapper-dan-gucci-harlem-atelier-exclusive-interview) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Dapper Dan: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020" (https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888496/dapper-dan/) . Time . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200924085313/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888496/dapper-dan/) from the original on 2020-09-24 . Retrieved 2020-09-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b Day, Daniel R. (7 July 2020). Dapper Dan : made in Harlem : a memoir . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-525-51053-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1246171384 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1246171384) . [ page needed ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cooper, Barry Michael (June 3, 2017). "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070456/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Dapper Dan on Gucci, gangsters, and his unstoppable fashion empire" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . May 5, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001034140/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/dapper-dan-gucci-interview) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cooper, Barry Michael (2017-06-03). "The Fashion Outlaw Dapper Dan" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220525021312/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/fashion/dapper-dan-harlem-gucci.html) from the original on 2022-05-25 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Elia, Ariele (2021), "Dapper Dan: The Original Streetwear Designer and Influencer" (https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350138506.ch-009) , Black Designers in American Fashion , Bloomsbury Visual Arts, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781350138506.ch-009 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781350138506.ch-009) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-3501-3846-9 , S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 242222465 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242222465) , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240223021021/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5040%2F9781350138506.ch-009) from the original on 2024-02-23 , retrieved 2022-05-21 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Brumfitt, Stuart (September 25, 2014). "Dapper Dan: natural born hustler" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070400/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21390/1/dapper-dan-natural-born-hustler) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Paulicelli, Eugenia (2021-10-22). " (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163) Made in Italy : Translating Cultures from Gucci to Dapper Dan and Back" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163) . Textile . 20 (2): 216–230. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14759756.2021.1963163) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1475-9756 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1475-9756) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 248157700 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248157700) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240223021020/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14759756.2021.1963163) from the original on 2024-02-23 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Schneier, Matthew (2017-05-31). "Did Gucci Copy 'Dapper Dan'? Or Was It 'Homage'?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220710185954/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html) from the original on 2022-07-10 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Brown, Benedict (September 2017). "Dapper Dan: Harlem's Hip Hop Tailor" (https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/) . The Rake . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070222/https://therake.com/stories/icons/dapper-dan-harlems-hip-hop-tailor/) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Smith, Gareth Dylan; Hall, Clare (September 2018). "Introduction to the Special Issue: The International Symposium on the Sociology of Music Education, and the MayDay Group Action Ideals" (https://dx.doi.org/10.22176/act17.3.1) . Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education . 17 (3): 1–11. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.22176/act17.3.1 (https://doi.org/10.22176%2Fact17.3.1) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1545-4517 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1545-4517) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 149931588 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149931588) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240223021023/http://act.maydaygroup.org/volume-17-issue-3/act-17-3-1-11/) from the original on 2024-02-23 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hairston, Tahirah (July 27, 2018). "Dapper Dan Is Finally Getting His Props" (https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031519/https://www.complex.com/style/2018/07/dapper-dan-gucci-interview) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Gallagher, Jacob (May 14, 2018). "Dapper Dan Used to Knock Off Gucci. Now, He's Collaborating With Them" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031151/https://www.wsj.com/articles/dapper-dan-used-to-knock-off-gucci-now-hes-collaborating-with-them-1526310035) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Gucci Enlists Dapper Dan For Its New Campaign" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a12222689/gucci-enlists-dapper-dan-for-its-new-campaign/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . September 11, 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211222003655/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a12222689/gucci-enlists-dapper-dan-for-its-new-campaign/) from the original on December 22, 2021 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How Dapper Dan, Harlem's Tailor, Mainstreamed "Ghetto Couture" (https://www.fastcompany.com/40533205/how-dapper-dan-harlems-tailor-mainstreamed-ghetto-couture) " (https://www.fastcompany.com/40533205/how-dapper-dan-harlems-tailor-mainstreamed-ghetto-couture) . Fast Company . March 1, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001104249/https://www.fastcompany.com/40533205/how-dapper-dan-harlems-tailor-mainstreamed-ghetto-couture) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Schneier, Matthew (May 31, 2017). "Did Gucci Copy 'Dapper Dan'? Or Was It 'Homage'?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070517/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/fashion/gucci-dapper-dan-jacket.html) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) F, José Blanco; Reilly, Andrew (2021-01-28). Fashion, Dress and Post-postmodernism . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-11517-0 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240223022109/https://books.google.com/books?id=DZcXEAAAQBAJ&dq=dapper+dan&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q=dapper%20dan&f=false) from the original on 2024-02-23 . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-telegraph_21-0) Bilmes, Alex (March 10, 2018). "Hip-hop-tailor turned Gucci collaborator Dapper Dan on hustling, Harlem style and how he went from reviled to revered" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/mens-style/dapper-dan-interview-gucci-collaboration-harlem-style/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031000/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/mens-style/dapper-dan-interview-gucci-collaboration-harlem-style/) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Bateman, Kristen (2023-12-05). "Dapper Dan's Newest Gap Collaboration Is Here—And It's His Biggest One Yet" (https://www.vogue.com/article/dapper-dan-gap-collection) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231229195657/https://www.vogue.com/article/dapper-dan-gap-collection) from the original on 2023-12-29 . Retrieved 2023-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Smith, Sterling (2020-05-01). "The Fusion of Fashion and Rap Music" (https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ampduht/12) . Apparel Merchandising and Product Development Undergraduate Honors Theses . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174004/https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ampduht/12/) from the original on 2021-11-28 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-chicagotribune_24-0) Janssen, Kim (October 17, 2017). "Fashion counterfeiter turned design icon Dapper Dan: Rappers gave me bouncing checks" (http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-met-dapper-dan-1018-chicago-inc-20171017-story.html) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070233/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-met-dapper-dan-1018-chicago-inc-20171017-story.html) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Perdomo, Willie (2019). "Dapper Dan Meets Petey Shooting Cee-Lo". Black Renaissance . 19 (1): 124, 181. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 2241267847 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/2241267847) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Watch Hip-Hop Legends Talk the 'Luke Cage' Netflix Series" (https://www.bet.com/article/hp38hc/watch-hip-hop-legends-talk-the-luke-cage-netflix-series) . BET.com. September 28, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181004144957/https://www.bet.com/celebrities/news/2016/09/27/hip-hop-legends-luke-cage.html) from the original on October 4, 2018 . Retrieved October 4, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Wright, Megh (November 7, 2017). "Conan O'Brien Gets a Harlem Swag Makeover by Dapper Dan" (http://www.vulture.com/2017/11/conan-obrien-gets-a-harlem-swag-makeover-by-dapper-dan.html) . Vulture (/wiki/Vulture_(website)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001070325/http://www.vulture.com/2017/11/conan-obrien-gets-a-harlem-swag-makeover-by-dapper-dan.html) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Galuppo, Mia (March 7, 2018). "Dapper Dan Biopic in the Works From Sony, Jerrod Carmichael (Exclusive)" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dapper-dan-biopic-works-sony-jerrod-carmichael-1092914) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001030956/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/dapper-dan-biopic-works-sony-jerrod-carmichael-1092914) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved September 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Grant, Jasmine (March 7, 2018). "A Dapper Dan Biopic Is in Development" (https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/03/dapper-dan-biopic-in-development) . Complex . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181001104306/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/03/dapper-dan-biopic-in-development) from the original on October 1, 2018 . Retrieved October 1, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://dapperdanofharlem.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/41154196796020112222) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1193467888) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hw9gd Cached time: 20240713012306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.916 seconds Real time usage: 1.343 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3554/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 74768/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2424/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 131662/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.602/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7843273/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 995.166 1 -total 49.15% 489.106 1 Template:Reflist 26.01% 258.862 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.10% 140.322 19 Template:Cite_news 13.42% 133.593 2 Template:Cite_magazine 11.28% 112.254 1 Template:Short_description 9.41% 93.678 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 8.25% 82.080 1 Template:Authority_control 6.76% 67.293 1 Template:Page_needed 6.60% 65.711 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58618974-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713012306 and revision id 1234184523. 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(Redirected from Coronation gown of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/w/index.php?title=Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon&redirect=no) ) 1937 coronation in the United Kingdom Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in their coronation robes, 1937 Date 12 May 1937 ; 87 years ago ( 1937-05-12 ) Location Westminster Abbey (/wiki/Westminster_Abbey) , London, England Budget £454,000 Participants King George VI (/wiki/King_George_VI) Queen Elizabeth (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) Great Officers of State (/wiki/Great_Officer_of_State) Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the Church of England (/wiki/Church_of_England) Garter Principal King of Arms (/wiki/Garter_Principal_King_of_Arms) Peers (/wiki/Peerage) of the Realm Mistress of the Robes (/wiki/Mistress_of_the_Robes) The coronation (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch) of George VI (/wiki/George_VI) and his wife, Elizabeth (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) , as king (/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom) and queen (/wiki/List_of_British_royal_consorts) of the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and the Dominions (/wiki/Commonwealth_realm) of the British Commonwealth (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations) , Emperor and Empress consort of India (/wiki/Emperor_of_India) took place at Westminster Abbey (/wiki/Westminster_Abbey) , London, on Wednesday 12 May 1937. George VI ascended the throne upon the abdication of his brother (/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII) , Edward VIII (/wiki/Edward_VIII) , on 11 December 1936, three days before his 41st birthday. Edward's coronation (/wiki/Abandoned_coronation_of_Edward_VIII) had been planned for 12 May and it was decided to continue with his brother and sister-in-law's coronation on the same date. Although the music included a range of new anthems and the ceremony underwent some alterations to include the Dominions (/wiki/Dominion) , it remained a largely conservative affair and closely followed the ceremonial of George V's coronation (/wiki/George_V%27s_coronation) in 1911. The ceremony began with the anointing (/wiki/Anointing) of the King, symbolising his spiritual entry into kingship, and then his crowning (/wiki/Crown_(headgear)) and enthronement, representing his assumption of temporal powers and responsibilities. The peers of the realm then paid homage (/wiki/Homage_(feudal)) to the King before a shorter and simpler ceremony was conducted for the Queen's coronation. The return procession to Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) was over six miles (9.7 km) in length, making it the longest coronation procession up to that time; crowds of people lined the streets to watch it, over 32,000 soldiers and sailors took part, and 20,000 police officers lined the route. The coronation was commemorated by the issuing of official medals (/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal) , coinage and stamps, by military parades across the Empire, and by numerous unofficial celebrations, including street parties and the production of memorabilia. The event was designed to be not only a sacred anointing and formal crowning, but also a public spectacle, which was also planned as a display of the British Empire. May 1937 included a programme of royal events lasting nearly the entire month to commemorate and mark the occasion. As a preliminary to the coronation, guests from across the Empire and around the world assembled at Buckingham Palace and official receptions were held to welcome them; among those attending were Indian (/wiki/India) princes and, for the first time, native African (/wiki/Africa) royalty. For the event itself, the prime ministers (/wiki/Prime_minister) of almost every Dominion took part in the procession to the abbey, while representatives of nearly every country attended. Contingents from most colonies and each Dominion participated in the return procession through London (/wiki/London) 's streets. The media played an important part in broadcasting this show of pageantry and imperialism to the Empire. The coronation procession was an important event in the history of television (/wiki/History_of_television) , being the country's first major outside broadcast (/wiki/Outside_broadcast) , although the ceremony inside the abbey was not televised. It was also the first coronation to be filmed, as well as the first to be broadcast on radio. Background [ edit ] Accession [ edit ] Main articles: Proclamation of accession of George VI (/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_George_VI) and Abdication of Edward VIII (/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII) A commemorative glass tumbler (/wiki/Tumbler_(glass)) , produced for the coronation of King Edward VIII, planned for 12 May 1937 In January 1936, King George V (/wiki/George_V) died and his eldest son, Edward VIII (/wiki/Edward_VIII) , succeeded him as king-emperor of the British Empire. He was unmarried at that time, but the American socialite Wallis Simpson (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) had accompanied him on numerous social occasions in years leading up to 1936; she was married to the shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson (/wiki/Ernest_Aldrich_Simpson) and had previously been divorced. The relationship had not been reported in the British press, but was receiving considerable media attention in the United States; it was controversial due to her being divorced with her previous spouse still living, a status considered incompatible with the King's position as the nominal head of the Church of England (/wiki/Church_of_England) , which did not at that time permit remarriage after divorce if the previous spouse was still living. [1] (#cite_note-1) In October 1936 Simpson filed for divorce (which, when final, would result in two previous spouses still living), and the King informed the Prime Minister (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom) , Stanley Baldwin (/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin) , that he intended to marry her. Baldwin and several leading imperial administrators advised the King that popular opinion in the dominions was hostile to the proposed marriage; at home, the King also faced opposition from the Church of England and from factions in Parliament (/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom) . The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King's consort, and Edward's refusal to give her up, led to his abdication in December 1936. [2] (#cite_note-2) He was succeeded by his next younger brother, George VI (/wiki/George_VI) . Before his accession, George had been known as Prince Albert, Duke of York (/wiki/Duke_of_York) ; his regnal name (/wiki/Regnal_name) was chosen in honour of his late father. In 1923, he had married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) , the daughter of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (/wiki/Claude_Bowes-Lyon,_14th_Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne) . Coronation ceremony [ edit ] Further information: Coronation of the British monarch (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch) Although the reign of the British monarch begins on his or her succession to the throne, the coronation service marks their formal investiture. In 1937, the ceremony was organised by a Coronation Committee, established by the Privy Council (/wiki/Privy_Council) and chaired by the Lord President of the Council (/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council) , a political appointment; its central component, the Executive Committee, was chaired by the Duke of Norfolk (/wiki/Bernard_Fitzalan-Howard,_16th_Duke_of_Norfolk) , who inherited the office of Earl Marshal (/wiki/Earl_Marshal) , which carries with it, by convention, the responsibility for the organisation and coordination of the coronation ceremony. [3] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._421-3) [4] (#cite_note-Queen_Elizabeth_pp._16-17-4) Preparation [ edit ] Planning [ edit ] The Coronation Committee had been delayed when it met for the first time on 24 June 1936: Ramsay MacDonald (/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald) , the Lord President of the Council (/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council) , met the Duke of Norfolk to discuss the proceedings; MacDonald would chair the Coronation Committee as a whole, and the Duke would chair the Executive Committee. While Edward VIII was away, cruising on the Nahlin (/wiki/Nahlin_(yacht)) with Wallis Simpson, his brother, Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) sat in his place on the committees. [3] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._421-3) Edward VIII had initially been reluctant to have a coronation at all (asking the Archbishop of Canterbury whether it could be dispensed with), but conceded that a shorter service would be acceptable; his desire for a lower-key event led to the planned abandonment of the royal procession through London the following day, the thanksgiving service at St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) and the dinner with London dignitaries. [5] (#cite_note-5) After the abdication of Edward VIII, the coronation committee continued to plan the event for George VI with minimal disruption; according to Sir Roy Strong (/wiki/Roy_Strong) , at the next meeting after the abdication "no reference was made at all to the change of sovereign, everything immediately being assumed to have been done for the new king." [6] (#cite_note-6) After the abdication, though, many of the traditional elements that Edward VIII cared less for were restored, with Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) taking an interest in the design of furniture and insisting on a more traditional appearance; indeed, much of the service and the furnishings were to closely resemble those of the 1911 coronation of George V (/wiki/Coronation_of_George_V_and_Mary) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Archbishop of Canterbury [ edit ] Archbishop Cosmo Lang, painted in 1937 with his coronation cope (/wiki/Cope) and mitre (/wiki/Mitre) by Philip de László (/wiki/Philip_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3) Although the Executive Committee was chaired by the Earl Marshal, the Archbishop of Canterbury (/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury) , Cosmo Lang (/wiki/Cosmo_Lang) , was also a driving force behind the preparations for the 1937 coronation; and many of the decisions about the order of service were made by or with him. He was an ex officio member of both the Executive Committee and the Coronation Committee, which dealt with the detail and, as such, he attended all of the rehearsals. He tended to take a leading role in the planning process, becoming a key mediator when queries arose, and dealing with questions of how the service should be broadcast by the media. [8] (#cite_note-8) Lang also spoke to the nation through the BBC services in the run-up to Coronation Day; he saw the Coronation as an opportunity for the spiritual renewal of the nation, and he organised a campaign of evangelism (/wiki/Evangelism) called Recall to Religion , which he launched on 27 December 1936 with an address on BBC radio. He was also keen to ensure that the King and Queen understood the religious nuances of the service, and held two meetings with the couple beforehand. [9] (#cite_note-Beaken,_2012,_pp._132-9) The Archbishop met the King and Queen on the evening before their coronation, running through the ceremony and explaining the most important parts. He was also concerned about King George's stutter (/wiki/Speech_impediment) and discussed the matter with Lord Dawson of Penn (/wiki/Bertrand_Dawson,_1st_Baron_Dawson_of_Penn) and Lord Wigram (/wiki/Clive_Wigram,_1st_Baron_Wigram) ; Lionel Logue (/wiki/Lionel_Logue) was then the King's speech therapist and the Archbishop discussed replacing him, but decided to monitor the King's improvement and Logue remained his therapist. As it happened, the King delivered his speech without stuttering. [9] (#cite_note-Beaken,_2012,_pp._132-9) Construction [ edit ] The coronation cost £454,000, which was more than three times the cost of the 1911 ceremony. [10] (#cite_note-10) This cost included the construction of the annexe, which was built as a temporary add-on at the entrance of the abbey for each coronation. In previous years, it had taken the form of an imitation Gothic entrance, but, as a remnant of Edward VIII's modernising attitude, it was now an art-deco (/wiki/Art-deco) design, adorned with stylised heraldic beasts and tapestries belonging to the Duke of Buccleuch (/wiki/Walter_Montagu_Douglas_Scott,_8th_Duke_of_Buccleuch) . [11] (#cite_note-11) For each coronation, special seating was also constructed to accommodate the large number of guests; 1937 was the first year to make use of metal structures to support the seats, in the form of tubular steel. Four hundred tons were used alongside 72,000 cubic feet (2,000 cubic metres) of wood, with 400 men working on the construction. The theatre (the area in the transept (/wiki/Transept) for the first part of the ceremony) and sacrarium (the space in front of the high altar) were at floor level for the first time since the Restoration (/wiki/Stuart_Restoration) , having traditionally been raised on a platform. [12] (#cite_note-12) Imperial considerations [ edit ] See also: 1937 Imperial Conference (/wiki/1937_Imperial_Conference) Eaton's (/wiki/Eaton%27s) department store window in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) displaying mannequins of George and Elizabeth wearing their crowns and holding orbs In 1911, standards of the Dominions (/wiki/Dominion) —autonomous communities of the British Empire—were borne during the procession. But, after the 1931 Statute of Westminster (/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931) , which established legislative equality between the Dominions and the United Kingdom, the actual service and coronation rite needed to be updated to reflect this change in political power within the Empire, which itself was beginning to be known as the Commonwealth (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations) . Furthermore, the fact that the service was an Anglican rite excluded other faiths and denominations; in 1937, several Dominions had premiers who were Catholic (/wiki/Catholic) and, by that time, laws which previously excluded people from public office on religious grounds had been repealed. [13] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._442-13) The Coronation Committee altered the rite to reflect this change; the King now swore to maintain "the Protestant Reformed Religion only as established by law in the United Kingdom." [13] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._442-13) During Edward VIII's reign, a committee was established and chaired by the Duke of York to investigate how colonial representatives might be included within the ceremony. The committee failed, though, to implement any changes, except to the Coronation Oath (/wiki/Coronation_Oath) . This was the first amendment to the oath since the coronation of King William III (/wiki/William_III_of_England) and Queen Mary II (/wiki/Mary_II_of_England) in 1689. [14] (#cite_note-14) Although 1937 saw an increase in the colonial contingents partaking in the procession and an official lunch in Westminster Hall (/wiki/Westminster_Hall) was given to parliamentary representatives of Empire states for the first time, the service itself was barely altered to reflect the new status of the Dominions. [15] (#cite_note-15) Guests [ edit ] King George VI and Queen Elizabeth coronation invitation The ceremony was attended by the King's and Queen's daughters, Princesses Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) and Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) , as well as by the King's mother, Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) . [16] (#cite_note-Abbey-16) When Mary attended the coronation, she became the first British dowager queen (/wiki/Dowager_queen) to do so. [17] (#cite_note-17) Members of the extended royal family attended and all peers and members of parliament were invited. Leading colonial administrators, ambassadors, Indian princes [18] (#cite_note-18) and premiers of the dominions were also on the guest list. [19] (#cite_note-19) Working-class representatives included representatives of the trade unions and co-operative societies, [20] (#cite_note-20) while native Africans were allowed to attend for the first time. [21] (#cite_note-21) British royal family [ edit ] Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , the King and Queen's daughter Princess Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) , the King and Queen's daughter Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) , the King's mother The Princess Royal (/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood) and the Earl of Harewood (/wiki/Henry_Lascelles,_6th_Earl_of_Harewood) , the King's sister and brother-in-law Viscount Lascelles (/wiki/George_Lascelles,_7th_Earl_of_Harewood) , the King's nephew The Hon. Gerald Lascelles (/wiki/Gerald_David_Lascelles) , the King's nephew The Duke (/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester) and Duchess of Gloucester (/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Duchess_of_Gloucester) , the King's brother and sister-in law The Duke (/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent) and Duchess of Kent (/wiki/Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , the King's brother and sister-in law Princess (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife) and Prince Arthur of Connaught (/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught) , the King's first cousin and her husband, the King's first cousin once removed Earl of Macduff (/wiki/Alastair_Windsor,_2nd_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn) , the King's first cousin once removed Lady Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk) and Lord Carnegie (/wiki/Charles_Carnegie,_11th_Earl_of_Southesk) , the King's first cousin and her husband The Queen of Norway (/wiki/Maud_of_Wales) , the King's paternal aunt The Crown Prince (/wiki/Olav_V) and Crown Princess of Norway (/wiki/Princess_M%C3%A4rtha_of_Sweden) , the King's first cousin and second cousin (representing his father, the King of Norway (/wiki/Haakon_VII) ) Princess Helena Victoria (/wiki/Princess_Helena_Victoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein) , the King's first cousin once removed Princess Marie Louise (/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) , the King's first cousin once removed Lady Patricia Ramsay (/wiki/Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) , the King's first cousin once removed Alexander Ramsay (/wiki/Alexander_Ramsay_of_Mar) , the King's second cousin The Earl of Athlone (/wiki/Alexander_Cambridge,_1st_Earl_of_Athlone) and Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Countess_of_Athlone) , the King's maternal uncle and aunt (also first cousin once removed) Lady May (/wiki/Lady_May_Abel_Smith) and Henry Abel Smith (/wiki/Henry_Abel_Smith) , the King's first cousin and her husband The Marquess (/wiki/Alexander_Mountbatten,_1st_Marquess_of_Carisbrooke) and Marchioness of Carisbrooke (/wiki/Irene_Mountbatten,_Marchioness_of_Carisbrooke) , the King's first cousin once removed and his wife Lady Iris Mountbatten (/wiki/Lady_Iris_Mountbatten) , the King's second cousin The Marquess (/wiki/George_Mountbatten,_2nd_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven) and Marchioness of Milford Haven (/wiki/Nadejda_Mountbatten,_Marchioness_of_Milford_Haven) , the King's second cousin and his wife Lady Tatiana Mountbatten, the King's second cousin once removed Earl of Medina (/wiki/David_Mountbatten,_3rd_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven) , the King's second cousin once removed Lord (/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma) and Lady Louis Mountbatten (/wiki/Edwina_Mountbatten,_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma) , the King's second cousin and his wife Patricia Mountbatten (/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma) , the King's second cousin once removed The Marquess (/wiki/George_Cambridge,_2nd_Marquess_of_Cambridge) and Marchioness of Cambridge, the King's first cousin and his wife Lady Mary Cambridge (/wiki/Lady_Mary_Whitley) , the King's first cousin once removed The Duchess (/wiki/Mary_Somerset,_Duchess_of_Beaufort_(sportswoman)) and Duke of Beaufort (/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_10th_Duke_of_Beaufort) , the King's first cousin and her husband Lady Helena Gibbs (/wiki/Lady_Helena_Gibbs) , the King's first cousin Lord Frederick Cambridge (/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Cambridge) , the King's first cousin Bowes-Lyon/Cavendish-Bentinck families [ edit ] The Earl (/wiki/Claude_Bowes-Lyon,_14th_Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne) and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne (/wiki/Cecilia_Bowes-Lyon,_Countess_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne) , the Queen's parents The Lady (/wiki/Mary_Elphinstone,_Lady_Elphinstone) and Lord Elphinstone (/wiki/Sidney_Buller-Fullerton-Elphinstone,_16th_Lord_Elphinstone) , the Queen's sister and brother-in-law The Duke (/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_6th_Duke_of_Portland) and Duchess of Portland (/wiki/Winifred_Cavendish-Bentinck,_Duchess_of_Portland) , the Queen's first cousin once removed and his wife Lady Margaret Cavendish-Bentinck, the Queen's second cousin once removed Andrew Erskine-Wemyss, the Queen's second cousin once removed Foreign royalty [ edit ] Sirdar Shah Wali Khan (/wiki/Sardar_Shah_Wali_Khan) (representing his nephew, the King of Afghanistan (/wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah) ) The Count of Flanders (/wiki/Prince_Charles,_Count_of_Flanders) , the King's third cousin once removed (representing his brother, the King of the Belgians (/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium) ) The Prince of Preslav (/wiki/Kiril,_Prince_of_Preslav) , the King's third cousin once removed (representing his brother, the Tsar of the Bulgarians (/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria) ) The Crown Prince (/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark) and Crown Princess of Denmark and Iceland (/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden) , the King's second cousins (representing his father, the King of Denmark and Iceland (/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark) ) Prince Mohammed Abdul Moneim (/wiki/Muhammad_Abdel_Moneim) (representing his first cousin once removed, the King of Egypt (/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt) ) The Crown Prince of Greece (/wiki/Paul_of_Greece) , the King's double second cousin (representing his brother, the King of the Hellenes (/wiki/George_II_of_Greece) ) The Prince (/wiki/Yasuhito,_Prince_Chichibu) and Princess Chichibu (/wiki/Setsuko,_Princess_Chichibu) (representing his brother, the Emperor of Japan (/wiki/Hirohito) ) The Prince Consort of Luxembourg (/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Bourbon-Parma) , husband of the King's third cousin (representing his wife, the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg) ) Princess Juliana (/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands) and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld) , the King's fifth cousin and her husband (representing her mother, the Queen of the Netherlands (/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands) ) The Grand Voevod of Alba Julia (/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania) , the King's double second cousin once removed (representing his father, the King of the Romanians (/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania) ) The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia) (representing his father, the King of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Ibn_Saud) ) Prince Chula Chakrabongse (/wiki/Chula_Chakrabongse) (representing his first cousin, the King of Siam (/wiki/Ananda_Mahidol) ) The Crown Prince (/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf) and Crown Princess of Sweden (/wiki/Louise_Mountbatten) , the King's fourth cousin (also widower of the King's first cousin once removed (/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) ) and the King's second cousin (representing his father, the King of Sweden (/wiki/Gustaf_V) ) Seif Al Islam Hussein (/wiki/Hassan_ibn_Yahya) (representing his brother, the King of Yemen (/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din) ) Princess Paul of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Greece_and_Denmark) and the Prince Regent of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia) , the King's second cousin and her husband (representing his first cousin once removed, the King of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia) ) Rulers of British protectorates [ edit ] The Emir of Transjordan (/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan) The Sultan of Zanzibar (/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Harub_of_Zanzibar) The Sultan of Johor (/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Johor) The Sultan of Terengganu (/wiki/Sulaiman_Badrul_Alam_Shah_of_Terengganu) The Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan (/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_of_Negeri_Sembilan) The Sultan of Pahang (/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Pahang) The Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar (/wiki/Digvijaysinhji_Ranjitsinhji_Jadeja) The Maharaja of Jodhpur (/wiki/Umaid_Singh) The Maharaja of Ratlam (/wiki/Sajjan_Singh_of_Ratlam) Other foreign dignitaries [ edit ] Ekrem Bey Libohova (/wiki/Eqrem_Libohova) (representing the King of the Albanians (/wiki/Zog_I_of_Albania) ) Dejazmatch (/wiki/Dejazmatch) Makonnen Endelkachew (/wiki/Makonnen_Endelkachew) (representing the Emperor of Ethiopia (/wiki/Haile_Selassie) ) Hassan Esfandiary (/wiki/Mirza_Hassan_Khan_Esfandiary) (representing the Shahinshah of Iran (/wiki/Reza_Shah) ) Sayid Raouf Al Chadirji (representing the King of Iraq (/wiki/Ghazi_of_Iraq) ) Conte Grandi (/wiki/Dino_Grandi) (representing the King of Italy (/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III) ) Comte Henri de Maleville (representing the Prince of Monaco (/wiki/Louis_II,_Prince_of_Monaco) ) Sir Kaiser Shumshere Jung Bahadur Rana (/wiki/Kaiser_Shumsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana) (representing the Maharajadhiraja of Nepal (/wiki/Tribhuvan_of_Nepal) ) James W. Gerard (/wiki/James_W._Gerard) John J. Pershing (/wiki/John_J._Pershing) Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg (/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg) Maxim Litvinov (/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov) Vladimir Mitrofanovich Orlov (/wiki/Vladimir_Mitrofanovich_Orlov) Yvon Delbos (/wiki/Yvon_Delbos) Alexis Leger (/wiki/Saint-John_Perse) İsmet İnönü (/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC) Kâzım Orbay (/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Orbay) Józef Beck (/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Beck) H. H. Kung (/wiki/H._H._Kung) Julián Besteiro (/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Besteiro) The abbey's doors were closed to guests at 8.30 on the morning of the coronation. The official record of the ceremonial, published in the London Gazette (/wiki/London_Gazette) , describes the seating plan: "The Lords Spiritual were seated on the North side of the Area, or Sacrarium, the Lords Temporal in the South Transept, and the Dowager Peeresses and Peeresses in the North Transept." [22] (#cite_note-LG-7037-22) Procession to the abbey [ edit ] A crowd in Parliament Square (/wiki/Parliament_Square) waits to watch the coronation procession rehearsal, two days before the coronation ceremony, 10 May 1937 See also: List of participants in the coronation processions of George VI § Procession to the abbey (/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_processions_of_George_VI#Procession_to_the_abbey) Before the coronation ceremony begins, there is traditionally a lengthy procession to the abbey. The procession left Buckingham Palace and headed up The Mall (/wiki/The_Mall,_London) , though Admiralty Arch (/wiki/Admiralty_Arch) , and down Whitehall (/wiki/Whitehall) , before entering Westminster Abbey. [4] (#cite_note-Queen_Elizabeth_pp._16-17-4) The first to take part in the procession were lesser members and relatives of the Royal Family and the representatives of foreign royalty and heads of state; they departed Buckingham Palace by car between 08:40 and 08:45 and arrived at the abbey ten minutes later; British and Dominion prime ministers (/wiki/Prime_minister) followed half an hour later, leaving at 09:15. At 09:49, members of the Royal Family left the palace (Queen Mary's carriage left Marlborough House shortly afterwards at 10:13). The King and Queen then travelled in the Gold State Coach (/wiki/Gold_State_Coach) from Buckingham Palace at 10:43; their procession was by far the longest and included numerous military contingents and delegates from Britain, the Dominions, and the colonies, as well as members of the War Office (/wiki/War_Office) , the Army, Naval and Air Boards and the personal aides-de-camp. [23] (#cite_note-23) Procession into the abbey [ edit ] See also: List of participants in the coronation processions of George VI (/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_processions_of_George_VI) Foreign representatives [ edit ] The first to arrive in procession were the royalty and foreign representatives; they arrived ten minutes after departing the palace. The royal members were led in by two officers of arms—the Bluemantle Pursuivant (/wiki/Bluemantle_Pursuivant) ( R.P. Graham-Vivian (/wiki/Richard_Graham-Vivian) ) and the Portcullis Pursuivant (/wiki/Portcullis_Pursuivant) ( A.R. Wagner (/wiki/Anthony_Wagner) )—followed by two Gentleman Ushers (/wiki/Lady_and_Gentleman_Usher) (Captain Humphrey Lloyd and Colonel Vivian Gabriel (/wiki/Edmund_Vivian_Gabriel) ), and were led to their seats in the royal gallery. [22] (#cite_note-LG-7037-22) The foreign representatives followed in at roughly 09:00 and were greeted by senior members of the Royal Household and the Diplomatic Corps. [nb 1] (#cite_note-25) Led in by the Rouge Croix Pursuivant (/wiki/Rouge_Croix_Pursuivant) (P.W. Kerr) and the Rouge Dragon Pursuivant (/wiki/Rouge_Dragon_Pursuivant) ( E.N. Geijer (/wiki/Eric_Neville_Geijer) ); they were escorted to their seats in the choir. [24] (#cite_note-LG-7038-24) Regalia [ edit ] Following tradition dating back to the reign of King Charles II (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) , the regalia (/wiki/Crown_Jewels) were brought to the Deanery of Westminster (/wiki/Deanery_of_Westminster) the night before the coronation. Staff started working at 4 a.m., while guests began arriving two hours later. The Imperial State Crown (/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown) had been remade for the occasion by the Crown Jewellers, Garrard & Co (/wiki/Garrard_%26_Co) . [25] (#cite_note-26) Queen Elizabeth's crown (/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) was new and made from platinum (/wiki/Platinum) ; it featured the Koh-i-Noor (/wiki/Koh-i-Noor) diamond from the crown of Queen Mary (/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Mary) . [26] (#cite_note-27) Queen Elizabeth wore a gown made of silk satin (/wiki/Satin) , with pure gold thread embroidery in a rose and thistle pattern. The ermine-lined velvet robe had a floral pattern with a gold outline. [27] (#cite_note-Tierney2001-28) The goldwork on the gown and the robe was embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework (/wiki/Royal_School_of_Needlework) . [28] (#cite_note-RSN-29) The gown and the robe also featured designs patriotic to the British Empire. Created by Elizabeth Handley-Seymour (/wiki/Elizabeth_Handley-Seymour) , the toile featured the embroidered emblems of the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the other dominions (/wiki/Dominions) . [28] (#cite_note-RSN-29) The national flowers that appeared on the robe included the South African protea (/wiki/Protea) and the Indian lotus flower (/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera) . [28] (#cite_note-RSN-29) Intertwined letter Es (/wiki/File:Intertwined_letter_Es_below_a_Tudor_crown.svg) for Elizabeth were also embroidered on the robe. [29] (#cite_note-30) Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) dressed the maids of honour. [30] (#cite_note-31) While the litany (/wiki/Litany) was sung, the Choir led the Dean and Prebendaries (/wiki/Prebendary) of Westminster down from the High Altar at 09:55; they were carrying the Crown Jewels and regalia, which they then deposited at the Vestibule. The Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office (/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Office) then handed the regalia to the Lord High Constable (/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_of_England) , who in turn handed them to the Lord Great Chamberlain (/wiki/Lord_Great_Chamberlain) ; the items were then handed over to individual peers, who are listed below. [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) show Bearers of the Regalia Regalia Bearer Ref. King's Regalia St Edward's Staff (/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Staff) The Viscount Halifax (/wiki/E._F._L._Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sceptre with the Cross (/wiki/Sceptre_with_the_Cross) The Duke of Somerset (/wiki/Evelyn_Seymour,_17th_Duke_of_Somerset) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Golden Spurs (/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Spurs) The Lord Hastings and The Lord Churston (/wiki/Richard_Yarde-Buller,_4th_Baron_Churston) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sword of Temporal Justice The Viscount Trenchard (/wiki/Hugh_Trenchard,_1st_Viscount_Trenchard) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sword of Spiritual Justice The Lord Milne (/wiki/George_Milne,_1st_Baron_Milne) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sword of Mercy (/wiki/Sword_of_Mercy) The Earl of Cork and Orrery (/wiki/William_Boyle,_12th_Earl_of_Cork) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sword of State The Marquess of Zetland (/wiki/Lawrence_Dundas,_2nd_Marquess_of_Zetland) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sceptre with the Dove (/wiki/Sceptre_with_the_Dove) The Duke of Richmond and Gordon (/wiki/Frederick_Gordon-Lennox,_9th_Duke_of_Richmond) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sovereign's Orb (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Orb) The Duke of Sutherland (/wiki/George_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_5th_Duke_of_Sutherland) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) St Edward's Crown (/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown) The Marquess of Salisbury (/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Paten Bishop of Norwich [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Chalice Bishop of Winchester [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Bible Bishop of Norwich [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Queen's Regalia Ivory Rod with the Dove (/wiki/Queen_Consort%27s_Ivory_Rod_with_the_Dove) The Earl of Haddington (/wiki/George_Baillie-Hamilton,_12th_Earl_of_Haddington) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Sceptre with the Cross (/wiki/Queen_Consort%27s_Sceptre_with_the_Cross) The Duke of Rutland (/wiki/John_Manners,_9th_Duke_of_Rutland) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) The Queen's Crown (/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) The Duke of Portland (/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_6th_Duke_of_Portland) [31] (#cite_note-LG-7043-32) Entrance of the Royal Family [ edit ] Led by two officers of arms—the Rouge Croix Pursuivant (/wiki/Rouge_Croix_Pursuivant) and the Rouge Dragon Pursuivant (/wiki/Rouge_Dragon_Pursuivant) —and two Gentleman Ushers (/wiki/Lady_and_Gentleman_Usher) (Rear-Admiral Arthur Bromley and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry De Satgé), the senior members of the Royal Family arrived at 10:15 and formed their procession into the abbey. The Princess Royal (/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood) was flanked by The Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, and they were followed by the Duchesses of Gloucester (/wiki/Alice,_Duchess_of_Gloucester) and Kent (/wiki/Princess_Marina,_Duchess_of_Kent) and then, in pairs, Prince (/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught) and Princess Arthur of Connaught (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_Duchess_of_Fife) ; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Countess_of_Athlone) and Lady Patricia Ramsay (/wiki/Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) ; and Princess Marie Louise (/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) and Princess Helena Victoria (/wiki/Princess_Helena_Victoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein) , each with an attendant, train-bearer, or coronet carrier, as applicable. [32] (#cite_note-LG-7044-33) Twenty minutes later, the Queen of Norway (/wiki/Maud_of_Wales) and Queen Mary arrived, being received by the Earl Marshal. Their procession took a different form to that of other members. The York (/wiki/York_Herald) and Windsor Heralds (/wiki/Windsor_Herald) led, followed by G.A. Ponsonby [nb 2] (#cite_note-34) (Comptroller of Queen Maud's Household) and then the Queen of Norway, attended by Miss von Hanno and followed by the Richmond (/wiki/Richmond_Herald) and Chester Heralds (/wiki/Chester_Herald) . Then, Queen Mary's Lord Chamberlain ( the Marquess of Anglesey (/wiki/Charles_Paget,_6th_Marquess_of_Anglesey) ) led Queen Mary, whose train was borne by four pages (the Earl of Dalkeith, the Marquess of Lansdowne, Gerald Lascelles, and Viscount Errington) and who was attended by the Mistress of the Robes (the Duchess of Devonshire), two ladies of the bedchamber in waiting, her private secretary, comptroller, and three equerries (two ordinary and one extra). [33] (#cite_note-LG-7044-5-35) Entrance of the King and Queen [ edit ] A guard of honour had formed at the vestibule and at the entrance, and the King and Queen arrived at 11:00. On their entry, they were greeted by the great officers of state, the archbishops, and the peers bearing the regalia. They then formed their procession, which was led by the King's chaplain and the Chapter at Westminster, who were followed by representatives of the Free Churches and the Church of Scotland. The procession involved all of the great officers of state, the archbishops of Canterbury and York, the lord mayor of London, the officers of arms of England and Scotland, the standards of each dominion, the prime ministers of the UK and of each of the dominions, and the most senior and highest-ranking officials in the Royal Household. They were followed by twelve members of the Yeoman of the Guard and six of its officials. The King and Queen walked surrounded by their regalia, borne by the designated peers; King George wore his great robes of state, which had to be carried by nine pages of honour (/wiki/Pages_of_honour) : [34] (#cite_note-36) Alexander Ramsay (/wiki/Alexander_Ramsay_of_Mar) (1919–2000), son of Lady Patricia Ramsay (/wiki/Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) George Haig, 2nd Earl Haig (/wiki/George_Haig,_2nd_Earl_Haig) (1918–2009) George Edward Charles Hardinge (1921–1997), son of Alec Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (/wiki/Alec_Hardinge,_2nd_Baron_Hardinge_of_Penshurst) . George Lascelles (/wiki/George_Lascelles,_7th_Earl_of_Harewood) (1923–2011), later 7th Earl of Harewood (nephew of the King) George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe (/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe) (1918–2007) Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener (/wiki/Henry_Kitchener,_3rd_Earl_Kitchener) (1919–2011) Major (George) Raymond Seymour (1923–2010), grandson of Lord Ismay (/wiki/Hastings_Ismay,_1st_Baron_Ismay) , and later an assistant private secretary and equerry to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Montague Robert Vere Eliot (1923–1994), son of the Earl of St Germans (/wiki/Montague_Eliot,_8th_Earl_of_St_Germans) Rognvald Herschell, 3rd Baron Herschell (/wiki/Rognvald_Herschell,_3rd_Baron_Herschell) (1923–2008). The Queen was attended by six maids of honour (/wiki/Maids_of_honour) : [35] (#cite_note-37) Lady (Victoria) Margaret Cavendish-Bentinck) (1918–1955), daughter of the Duke of Portland (/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_7th_Duke_of_Portland) ; she later married Gaetano Parente, Principe di Castel Viscardo. Lady Diana Legge (1910–1970), daughter of the Earl of Dartmouth (/wiki/William_Legge,_7th_Earl_of_Dartmouth) . Lady Elizabeth Hester Mary Paget (1916–1980), daughter of the Marquess of Anglesey (/wiki/Charles_Paget,_6th_Marquess_of_Anglesey) . She later married Raimund von Hofmannsthal (/wiki/Raimund_von_Hofmannsthal) . Lady Elizabeth Ivy Percy (1916–2008), daughter of the Duke of Northumberland (/wiki/Alan_Ian_Percy,_8th_Duke_of_Northumberland) ; she later became the Duchess of Hamilton (/wiki/Douglas_Douglas-Hamilton,_14th_Duke_of_Hamilton) . Lady Iris Mountbatten (/wiki/Lady_Iris_Mountbatten) (1920–1982), daughter of the Marquess of Carisbrooke (/wiki/Alexander_Mountbatten,_1st_Marquess_of_Carisbrooke) . Lady Ursula Manners (/wiki/Lady_Ursula_d%27Abo) (1916–2017), daughter of the Duke of Rutland (/wiki/John_Manners,_9th_Duke_of_Rutland) . The royal couple walked past the choir, in which sat the foreign representatives and delegates, before passing through the screen; after this, they sat or stood in their designated area and the King and Queen took their seats in the Chairs of State in front of the royal box. As the King and Queen and the procession proceeded, the choir sang I was glad (/wiki/I_was_glad) with the traditional acclamations of Vivat Regina Elizabetha and Vivat Rex Georgius by the King's Scholars (/wiki/King%27s_Scholar_(Westminster_School)) of Westminster School (/wiki/Westminster_School) . Service [ edit ] An artist's impression of the coronation service by Henry Charles Brewer (/wiki/Henry_Charles_Brewer) (1866–1943) and published in The Illustrated London News (/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News) The coronation service itself began once the procession into the abbey was over and the King and Queen were seated. Beginning with the recognition, the King then took an oath and was anointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, before being crowned king. As a remnant of the coronation ceremony's feudal origins, the King then received homage from the peers and peeresses of the realm in attendance. There were few departures from the services conducted at previous coronations. Efforts were made to shorten the lengthy proceedings: the litany (/wiki/Litany) was sung during the regalia procession before the start of the service, and the sermon (/wiki/Sermon) was omitted entirely. [36] (#cite_note-38) Even so, the service itself lasted for two and a half hours, [37] (#cite_note-39) excluding the preliminary processions. Recognition, oath, and anointing of the King [ edit ] The first part of the service was the recognition, where the Archbishop of Canterbury called for those present to proclaim their recognition of the sovereign as their rightful king. The King was conducted by the Garter King of Arms to St Edward's Chair (/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Chair) , and the Archbishop, as tradition dictates, asked: "Sirs, I here present unto you King George, your undoubted King: wherefore all you who are come this day to do your homage and service, are you willing to do the same?" The people replied loudly at each repetition "God save King George". The king then sat in the Chair of Estate and the regalia, except the swords, were laid on the altar. [38] (#cite_note-LG-7054-40) The King then knelt before the altar and swore on the Bible his coronation oath (/wiki/Coronation_oath_of_the_British_monarch) , a copy of which he then signed. [38] (#cite_note-LG-7054-40) The canopy being moved over the King in preparation for the anointing The Archbishop of Canterbury then began the Communion Service, while the Bishop of London (/wiki/Arthur_Winnington-Ingram) read the Epistle and the Archbishop of York the Gospel; after the Service concluded, the King and Queen knelt while the choir sang " Veni, Creator Spiritus ". This marked the beginning of the anointing of the monarch, when the Archbishop of Canterbury marks the monarch's head with oil to symbolise the introduction of the Holy Spirit. The Choir sang Handel (/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel) 's Zadok the Priest (/wiki/Zadok_the_Priest) and the Archbishop prayed, before the King was disrobed and sat in St Edward's Chair, with the Canopy borne by four knights of the Garter placed over him. The Archbishop then anointed him with oil from the Ampulla (/wiki/Ampulla) , which had been poured onto the Anointing Spoon (/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Spoon) . Crowning the King [ edit ] The King's crowning In preparation for his crowning, the King, still on St Edward's Chair, was invested with the two coronation robes, the Colobium Sindonis (/wiki/Colobium_Sindonis) and the Supertunica (/wiki/Supertunica) by the Dean of Westminster. Next, he was invested with the regalia, each of which symbolised his progress to kingship. First, the Lord Great Chamberlain touched the King's heels with the Golden Spurs (/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Spurs) ; the Great Sword of State was deposited in St Edward's Chapel and the Jewelled Sword of Offering was passed to the King by the Archbishops and Bishops, who said "With this sword do justice"; the King then offered this sword at the altar. Seated again, the Lord Great Chamberlain fastened the Armills (/wiki/Armill) and the Dean invested the King with the Robe Royal (/wiki/Robe_Royal) ; the Archbishop passed him the Sovereign's Orb (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Orb) , put the Sovereign's Ring (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Ring) on his fourth finger and handed to him the two sceptres— with the cross (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Sceptre_with_Cross) (for Royal power) and with the dove (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Sceptre_with_Dove) (for "mercy and equity"). The Earl of Lincoln (/wiki/Henry_Pelham-Clinton-Hope,_9th_Duke_of_Newcastle-under-Lyne) , as Deputy of the Lord of the Manor of Worksop (/wiki/Manor_of_Worksop) , then handed over a glove (/wiki/Coronation_glove) , which the King wore. [39] (#cite_note-41) Once adorned with his regalia and seated in St Edward's Chair, King George was crowned with St Edward's Crown (/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown) by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the people in the abbey proclaimed loudly "God save the King"; the peers and peeresses wore their coronets (the only time that this happens) and the guns in the Royal Parks were fired to mark the crowning. [40] (#cite_note-42) The ceremony appeared to run smoothly, although there were a few inconspicuous mishaps: the Archbishop of Canterbury almost placed the crown on the King's head the wrong way, one bishop stepped on the King's train, and another obscured the words of the Oath with his thumb while the King was reading it. [16] (#cite_note-Abbey-16) Enthronement and homage to the King [ edit ] A 1938 painting by Frank O. Salisbury (/wiki/Frank_O._Salisbury) , depicting the coronation service In the text of the service, this part of the ceremony was described using the archaic term "inthronization". The Archbishop of Canterbury presented the Bible to the King and the King returned it to him, who gave it to the Dean, who placed it on the Altar. The King handed the glove over to the Lord Chamberlain of the Household and the Sceptre with the Cross to the Lord of the Manor of Worksop. The Benediction followed and then the King moved over to the other throne, accompanied by the Bishops of Bath and Wells and of Durham, the Great Officers of State, the Lords carrying the swords and the Lords who had carried the regalia. The Archbishop knelt and paid homage to the King; the Archbishop of York did so next, followed by each of the Bishops. The Dukes of the Blood Royal then did homage, followed by the Lords Temporal (Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts, Barons); [41] (#cite_note-43) six anthems were sung by the Choir during the homage: "O come ye servants of the Lord", " Hear my prayer, O Lord (/wiki/Hear_my_prayer,_O_Lord_(Purcell)) ", "O clap your hands together, all ye people", "All the ends of the world shall remember themselves", "O praise God in His holiness" and "Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace". [42] (#cite_note-London_Gazette_1937-44) The Queen [ edit ] Queen Elizabeth being crowned (/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) The Queen was crowned and anointed in a much smaller and simpler ceremony. This began immediately after the homage to the King finished, when the Queen knelt in prayer before the altar. She then went to the Faldstool (/wiki/Faldstool) , which had been placed before the altar, where she knelt under a canopy, which was held by the Duchesses of Norfolk, Rutland (/wiki/Kathleen_Manners,_Duchess_of_Rutland) , Buccleuch (/wiki/Mary_Montagu_Douglas_Scott,_Duchess_of_Buccleuch) , and Roxburghe (/wiki/Mary_Innes-Ker,_Duchess_of_Roxburghe) . The Archbishop anointed her, placed on her fourth finger on her right hand the Queen Consort's Ring (/wiki/Queen_Consort%27s_Ring) , and then crowned her, at which point the Princesses and peeresses donned their coronets. She was then handed the Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross (/wiki/Queen_Consort%27s_Sceptre_with_Cross) and the Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove (/wiki/Queen_Consort%27s_Ivory_Rod_with_Dove) , before walking over to her own throne beside the King, where she sat. [42] (#cite_note-London_Gazette_1937-44) End of the service [ edit ] The Offertory followed, in which the King and Queen offered their regalia on the Altar. They then received Holy Communion (/wiki/Holy_Communion) from the Archbishop and were passed their crowns before returning to their thrones where they were also given their sceptres back. Te Deum (/wiki/Te_Deum) was sung by the choir. A recess followed, during which the King and Queen proceeded to St Edward's Chapel. There, the King delivered the Sceptre with the Dove to the Archbishop who laid it on the altar. The bearers of the Orb, the Golden Spurs and St Edward's Staff delivered these to the Dean of Westminster, who laid them on the altar in the chapel. The King was disrobed of his Royal Robe of State by the Lord Great Chamberlain and put on the Robe of Estate. The King, now wearing the Imperial State Crown (/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown) , was then given the Orb by the Archbishop. While the King and Queen were in the chapel, the Officers of Arms arranged the procession out of the abbey, which was similar in form to the procession into the abbey. The King and Queen then joined the procession, with the King carrying the Sceptre with the Cross in his right hand and the Orb in his left, while the Queen carried her Sceptre with the Cross in her right hand and the Ivory Rod with the Dove in her left. [43] (#cite_note-45) They proceeded to the West Door of the Abbey as the National Anthem, " God Save the King (/wiki/God_Save_the_King) ", was sung. State Procession to Buckingham Palace [ edit ] See also: List of participants in the coronation processions of George VI § Procession from the Abbey to Buckingham Palace (/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_processions_of_George_VI#Procession_from_the_Abbey_to_Buckingham_Palace) The King and Queen in the Gold State Coach (/wiki/Gold_State_Coach) during the procession As in the 1902 and 1911 events, the coronation was followed by a procession through London's streets from Westminster Abbey to the Royal residence, allowing the public to view the new king and queen. In 1937, this return route was extended significantly. [44] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._452-46) From Westminster Abbey, it passed around Parliament Square and up the Victoria Embankment (where 40,000 schoolchildren were waiting) [44] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._452-46) and then along Northumberland Avenue, into Trafalgar Square (/wiki/Trafalgar_Square) , up Cockspur Street through to Pall Mall (/wiki/Pall_Mall,_London) ; from there, the procession went up St James' Street, joining Piccadilly, then up Regent Street, then west along Oxford Street (/wiki/Oxford_Street) , before turning past Marble Arch (/wiki/Marble_Arch) and then down East Carriage Road, alongside Hyde Park (/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London) ; from there, the procession passed through Hyde Park Corner (/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner) and then through Wellington Arch (/wiki/Wellington_Arch) , on to Constitution Hill (/wiki/Constitution_Hill,_London) and then back into Buckingham Palace. [4] (#cite_note-Queen_Elizabeth_pp._16-17-4) The progression included a large number of military personnel from across the Empire. There were representative detachments from all the elements of the British armed forces (/wiki/British_armed_forces) and the reserve forces (/wiki/Military_reserve_force#United_Kigdom) , the British Indian Army (/wiki/British_Indian_Army) and Royal Indian Navy (/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy) , contingents from the British Dominions and a contingent representing the defence forces of the Colonial Empire. Contingents taking part represented the following sections of the Empire: India (/wiki/British_Indian_Empire) , the dominions of Canada (/wiki/Canada) , Australia (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia) , New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) , Burma (/wiki/Burma) , Newfoundland (/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland) and South Africa (/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa) , and the Colonies of Southern Rhodesia (/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia) , Kenya (/wiki/Kenya_Colony) , Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) , Tanganyika (/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)) , Nyasaland (/wiki/Nyasaland) , the Gambia (/wiki/Gambia) , the Gold Coast (/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)) , Sierra Leone (/wiki/Sierra_Leone) , Somalia (/wiki/British_Somaliland) , Aden (/wiki/Aden_Protectorate) , Transjordan (/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan) , Malta (/wiki/Malta) , the West Indies (/wiki/British_West_Indies) , British Guiana (/wiki/British_Guiana) , Honduras (/wiki/British_Honduras) , Ceylon (/wiki/Ceylon) , the Falklands (/wiki/Falkland_Islands) and Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . [45] (#cite_note-47) In total there were 32,500 officers and men either marching or lining the route. Overall, the procession was 2.0 miles (3.2 km) in length and took 40 minutes to pass any given point. [46] (#cite_note-Hansard-48) The route of the procession was the longest on record, at six and a quarter miles (10.1 kilometres). [47] (#cite_note-49) Before and after the event, the British and Dominion troops were accommodated in temporary camps at Kensington Gardens (/wiki/Kensington_Gardens) , Regent's Park (/wiki/Regent%27s_Park) , Primrose Hill (/wiki/Primrose_Hill) , Olympia (/wiki/Olympia_(London)) and Hampton Court (/wiki/Hampton_Court) ; the Colonial troops were housed in various London barracks (/wiki/Barracks) . [46] (#cite_note-Hansard-48) Music [ edit ] The musical director for the service was Ernest Bullock (/wiki/Ernest_Bullock) , who was organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey, in consultation with the Master of the King's Musick (/wiki/Master_of_the_King%27s_Musick) , Henry Walford Davies (/wiki/Henry_Walford_Davies) . The Abbey choir was supplemented by choirs from the Chapel Royal (/wiki/Children_of_the_Chapel#The_Children_of_the_Chapel_Royal) , St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) , St George's Chapel, Windsor (/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor) and the Temple Church (/wiki/Temple_Church) . An orchestra composed of musicians from London's main orchestras was conducted by Sir Adrian Boult (/wiki/Adrian_Boult) . [48] (#cite_note-50) Tradition demanded the inclusion of George Frederick Handel (/wiki/George_Frederick_Handel) 's Zadok the Priest (/wiki/Zadok_the_Priest) (1727) and Hubert Parry (/wiki/Hubert_Parry) 's I was glad (/wiki/I_was_glad) (1902). New work written for the occasion included Confortare (Be strong and play the Man) by Walford Davies and the Festival Te Deum (/wiki/Te_Deum) in F Major by Ralph Vaughan Williams (/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams) . [49] (#cite_note-51) Perhaps the best known work from the 1937 coronation is Crown Imperial , an orchestral march (/wiki/March_(music)) by William Walton (/wiki/William_Walton) . [50] (#cite_note-52) It was the desire of Bullock and Davies that the programme should include music from 'Tudor times to the present day' and so new pieces were composed by Arnold Bax (/wiki/Arnold_Bax) , Arthur Bliss (/wiki/Arthur_Bliss) and Granville Bantock (/wiki/Granville_Bantock) , as well as Walton and Vaughan Williams. [51] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._468-53) Walton's Crown Imperial was played while the King and Queen progressed up the nave; Edvard Grieg (/wiki/Edvard_Grieg) 's Homage March from Sigurd Jorsalfar (/wiki/Sigurd_Jorsalfar_(Grieg)) and Edward German (/wiki/Edward_German) 's Coronation March were played when the Princes and Princesses, and then Queen Mary arrived, respectively. [51] (#cite_note-Strong,_2005,_p._468-53) Choral works included the traditional plainsong (/wiki/Plainsong) Veni, Creator Spiritus (/wiki/Veni,_Creator_Spiritus) , William Byrd (/wiki/William_Byrd) 's Creed (/wiki/Credo) and Sanctus (/wiki/Sanctus) , Christopher Tye (/wiki/Christopher_Tye) 's O Come ye Servants of the Lord , Henry Purcell (/wiki/Henry_Purcell) 's Hear My Prayer , Samuel Sebastian Wesley (/wiki/Samuel_Sebastian_Wesley) 's Thou Wilt Keep Him in Perfect Peace , Sir George Dyson (/wiki/George_Dyson_(composer)) 's O Praise God in His holiness , Sir Edward Bairstow (/wiki/Edward_Bairstow) 's Let My Prayer Come Up into Thy Presence and Dr William Henry Harris (/wiki/William_Henry_Harris) 's Offertorium . [52] (#cite_note-54) List of music played at the Coronation Service show Title of piece Composer Music before the Service Concerto in D (entrance of the Royal Family) George Frederick Handel (/wiki/George_Frederick_Handel) (arranged by Hamilton Harty (/wiki/Hamilton_Harty) ) Marching Song Gustav Holst (/wiki/Gustav_Holst) French Military March (entrance of the Foreign Representatives) Camille Saint-Saëns (/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns) Prelude Khovanchtchina Modest Mussorgsky (/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky) Italiana arranged by Ottorino Respighi (/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi) Entracte III in B flat from Rosamunde (/wiki/Rosamunde) Franz Schubert (/wiki/Franz_Schubert) Finale of the Symphony No. 1 (/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Brahms)) Johannes Brahms (/wiki/Johannes_Brahms) Slow movement from the Symphony No. 3 (/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Bax)) Sir Arnold Bax (/wiki/Arnold_Bax) Prelude in C minor (organ only) Johann Sebastian Bach (/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach) " Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott (/wiki/Ein_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott) " (Regalia procession in the cloister) Martin Luther (/wiki/Martin_Luther) Hymn: "Oh most merciful" (Regalia procession in the Abbey) Charles Wood (/wiki/Charles_Wood_(composer)) The Litany (/wiki/Litany) for Five Voices: "O God the Father of Heaven" (Regalia Procession from Theatre to West Door) Thomas Tallis (/wiki/Thomas_Tallis) Canticum Fidei (Regalia Procession) Thomas Dunhill (/wiki/Thomas_Dunhill) King’s Herald Herbert Howells (/wiki/Herbert_Howells) Finale of the Enigma Variations (/wiki/Enigma_Variations) Sir Edward Elgar (/wiki/Edward_Elgar) Huldigungs March (entry of the Princes and Princesses) Edvard Grieg (/wiki/Edvard_Grieg) Minuet from Saul (/wiki/Saul_(Handel)) George Frederick Handel Coronation March (/wiki/Coronation_March_(Edward_German)) (entry of Queen Mary) Sir Edward German (/wiki/Edward_German) Crown Imperial Coronation March William Walton (/wiki/William_Walton) Minuet from Arminius (/wiki/Arminius) George Frederick Handel Gavotte from Otho (/wiki/Otho) George Frederick Handel Trumpet tune from Diocletian Henry Purcell (/wiki/Henry_Purcell) Imperial March (/wiki/Imperial_March_(Elgar)) (entry of the King and Queen) Sir Edward Elgar Music during the Service Fanfare A Sir Ernest Bullock (/wiki/Ernest_Bullock) [53] (#cite_note-55) Anthem: "I was glad" Hubert Parry (/wiki/Hubert_Parry) Introit (/wiki/Introit) : "Let my prayer come up" Edward Bairstow (/wiki/Edward_Bairstow) Credo William Byrd (/wiki/William_Byrd) " Veni Creator Spiritus (/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus) " (Original VIII Mode Melody) Traditional Anthem: "Zadok the Priest" George Frederick Handel Confortare: "Be strong" Henry Walford Davies (/wiki/Henry_Walford_Davies) Anthem: "O clap your hands together" Orlando Gibbons (/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons) Anthem: "All the ends of the world" William Boyce (/wiki/William_Boyce_(composer)) Anthem: "O Praise God in his holiness" George Dyson (/wiki/George_Dyson_(composer)) Anthem: "Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace" Samuel Sebastian Wesley (/wiki/Samuel_Sebastian_Wesley) Offertorium: "O hearken thou" William Henry Harris (/wiki/William_Henry_Harris) Sanctus (/wiki/Sanctus) William Byrd Pater Noster (/wiki/Pater_Noster) John Merbecke (/wiki/John_Merbecke) [54] (#cite_note-westminster-abbey-56) Gloria in Excelsis in B-flat (/wiki/Service_in_B-flat_major,_Op._10_(Stanford)) Charles Villiers Stanford (/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford) [55] (#cite_note-57) Threefold Amen (/wiki/Amen) Orlando Gibbons Festal Te Deum (/wiki/Te_Deum) in F Ralph Vaughan Williams (/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams) God Save the King (/wiki/God_Save_the_King) Traditional Music after the Service Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1 (/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance_Marches) Sir Edward Elgar Pomp and Circumstance March No. 4 Sir Edward Elgar [54] (#cite_note-westminster-abbey-56) Commentary [ edit ] Despite a number of hitches, described above, the coronation ran relatively smoothly. It has been somewhat overshadowed in history by the larger Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II) in 1953; the Abbey's sacrist, Jocelyn Perkins, said that the 1953 event was "out and away the most impressive" of the 1953, 1937 and 1911 coronations. [56] (#cite_note-58) Nonetheless, a number of those present, the King included, commented privately on the spirituality of the ceremony. Despite recalling it as being "inordinately long" and remembering how heavy the crown and robes were, the Queen said that it was "wonderful and there is a great sense of offering oneself". [57] (#cite_note-59) The King wrote to Lang thanking him for his support and, although he said it was an "ordeal", he also wrote that "I felt I was being helped all the time by Someone Else as you said I would". [58] (#cite_note-60) Media coverage [ edit ] The front cover of the coronation edition of the Radio Times (/wiki/Radio_Times) with a depiction of a commentator's vantage point by C. R. W. Nevinson (/wiki/C._R._W._Nevinson) Radio [ edit ] On the eve of the coronation, the King made a live broadcast (/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch) from Buckingham Palace which was heard throughout the British Empire. [59] (#cite_note-royal-archives-61) The Coronation ceremony itself was not televised, but it was the first coronation service to be broadcast on radio; 28 microphones were placed around the Abbey to capture the music and speech. There was no commentary, but the Reverend Frederic Iremonger (/wiki/Frederic_Iremonger) , Director of Religion at the BBC and Honorary Chaplain to the King (/wiki/Honorary_Chaplain_to_the_King) , read out the rubrics (/wiki/Rubrics) or written directions from the service book from a seat high in the triforium (/wiki/Triforium) over Saint Edward (/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor) 's Chapel. During the most sacred parts of the service, the consecration (/wiki/Consecration) and the Holy Communion (/wiki/Holy_Communion) , the microphones were turned off and listeners heard hymns being sung by the choir in the Church of St Margaret, Westminster (/wiki/St_Margaret,_Westminster) . [60] (#cite_note-62) The ability to project the service to citizens of the Empire allowed the Coronation to further Britain's imperial ambitions; as Range wrote, "with the twentieth century there also came a heightened awareness of ... the propagandistic qualities of the event". [61] (#cite_note-63) The BBC (/wiki/BBC) and CBC (/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation) jointly transmitted the proclamation of George VI. In the lead up to the Coronation, the BBC organised talks by Ministers to be broadcast under the name Responsibilities of Empire , and also broadcast The Empire's Homage featuring messages from colonial officers and citizens from across the Empire. [62] (#cite_note-64) The BBC's Empire Service (/wiki/BBC_World_Service) broadcast the whole service, lasting two-and-a-half hours. [63] (#cite_note-65) Television [ edit ] The procession was broadcast on the BBC Television Service (/wiki/BBC_Television_Service) , which had only been operating since the previous November. Several tons of television cables, measuring 8 miles (13 km), were laid across central London, [64] (#cite_note-BBC-66) so that the images from three Emitron (/wiki/Iconoscope) television cameras (/wiki/Television_camera) could be sent to the transmission centre at Alexandra Palace (/wiki/Alexandra_Palace) . Commentary was by Frederick Grisewood (/wiki/Frederick_Grisewood) , who was with the cameras at Hyde Park Corner (/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner) . The coverage of the procession is regarded as being the BBC's first outside broadcast (/wiki/Outside_broadcast) . [64] (#cite_note-BBC-66) In reviewing the broadcast, The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) commented: "Horse and foot, the Coronation procession marched into English homes yesterday," while the Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) said: "When the King and Queen appeared the picture was so vivid that one felt that this magical television is going to be one of the greatest of all modern inventions." [64] (#cite_note-BBC-66) Newsreels [ edit ] The coronation service of George VI was the first to be filmed; the 40 camera crew inside the Abbey were required to wear evening dress (/wiki/Black_tie) . It was later shown in edited form as a newsreel (/wiki/Newsreel) in cinemas across the British Empire (/wiki/British_Empire) . The service was later broadcast from these recordings, with the authorities censoring only one small section: a clip of Queen Mary wiping a tear from her eye. [65] (#cite_note-67) Honours and official commemorations [ edit ] Programme of celebrations and royal events [ edit ] The Ribbon of King George's Coronation Medal Aside from the Coronation ceremony itself, a 23-day-long programme of official events spanned most of May 1937. The 1902 Coronation was the first to see such a programme implemented, but 1937 was nearly twice as long, and, building on similar developments in 1911, it was a very public spectacle; Sir Roy Strong argues that the month-long festivities were designed to "recapture the confidence of the nation" following the abdication crisis. [66] (#cite_note-68) The first week saw receptions for foreign visitors and delegates, while a State Banquet was held on 10 May, but the weeks following the coronation saw more public spectacles; the following day included a royal drive through north London, 16 May included a luncheon at Guildhall (/wiki/Guildhall) with London dignitaries and the 'Empire Service of Youth' in Westminster. On 20 and 21 May the King and Queen inspected fleets and visited flagships, while, on 22 May the Queen visited Hyde Park (/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London) to inspect St John's ambulances (/wiki/St_John%27s_Ambulance) and then drove through another area in North London. [67] (#cite_note-69) Coronation honours, medals, coinage and stamps [ edit ] See also: 1937 Coronation Honours (/wiki/1937_Coronation_Honours) and King George VI Coronation Medal (/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal) Commemorative stamp, issued in New Zealand Another stamp, issued by Swaziland The King marked the occasion of his coronation by conferring honours on a select group of his subjects; in all, thirteen peerages and seven baronetcies were created, while appointments were made to the Privy Council and to the Orders of the Garter (/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter) , Thistle (/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle) , Bath (/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath) , Merit (/wiki/Order_of_Merit) , Star of India (/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India) , St Michael and St George (/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George) and the Royal Victorian Order (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) . [68] (#cite_note-70) An official medal was also struck to mark the occasion, as is customary; however, unlike his father's and grandfather's coronation medals, it was produced in one class. [69] (#cite_note-71) The medal was issued to 90,279 people from across the Empire. [70] (#cite_note-ca-vet-aff-72) Canada, for instance, was allowed just over 10,000, with many being issued to commanding officers in the military, cabinet ministers, senators and their staff and the staff of the Governor-General (/wiki/Governor-General_of_Canada) . [70] (#cite_note-ca-vet-aff-72) The Royal Mint (/wiki/Royal_Mint) issued two special 1937 coin sets comprising the coinage for that year and commemorative issues. 5,501 gold Sovereigns (/wiki/Sovereign_(British_coin)) and half-Sovereigns (/wiki/Half_Sovereign) were minted (the only ones of George VI's reign). Additionally, over 400,000 Coronation crowns (/wiki/Crown_(British_coin)) were issued, plus over 26,000 at proof grade. [71] (#cite_note-73) The Post Office (/wiki/Post_Office) had planned to issue special commemorative stamps to mark the coronation of Edward VIII (/wiki/Planned_coronation_of_Edward_VIII) , but, on his abdication, were uncertain as to whether a new design could be prepared in time, but invited Eric Gill (/wiki/Eric_Gill) to submit designs for a 1½d stamp. Another artist, Edmund Dulac (/wiki/Edmund_Dulac) , also submitted two plans. The King accepted Dulac's and they were printed in brown with a hint of violet the day after the Coronation. [72] (#cite_note-74) Other celebrations and commemorations [ edit ] United Kingdom [ edit ] The streets along the procession route were crowded with people, with women estimated by one newspaper to outnumber men two-to-one. In all, 20,000 police officers were deployed to line the route and keep the crowds calm and, apart from a "dense crush" in Trafalgar Square, which the police dispersed, there were few problems with managing the public in London. [73] (#cite_note-75) In London and elsewhere across Britain, [74] (#cite_note-76) the Coronation became a social occasion, with street parties taking place, in which inhabitants and communities closed off roads, decorated their streets with bunting and flags, and laid on a celebratory lunch; the Pearly Kings and Queens (/wiki/Pearly_Kings_and_Queens) , a traditional part of working-class culture in London, turned out, joining in with festivities and theatrically mocking the Royal Family. [75] (#cite_note-77) Mass Observation (/wiki/Mass_Observation) , a research programme aimed at curating a record of everyday life in Britain, had been launched in January 1937. Contributors across the country were invited to record the details of the day of the Coronation in a diary for the project, whether the events of the Coronation were part of this day for them or not. The same exercise was repeated every 12 May in following years, and again when Mass Observation was relaunched in 1981. It continues to be an annual initiative into the 2020s, open to anyone to contribute. [76] (#cite_note-78) Commemorative rail services [ edit ] The Coronation Scot (/wiki/Coronation_Scot) and The Coronation (/wiki/The_Coronation_(train)) were trains operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway) and the London and North Eastern Railway (/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway) respectively, in order to celebrate the coronation. Both were uniquely constructed streamlined express trains, with the intent of matching the level of luxury surrounding the event and the royal family. Commemorative clock towers [ edit ] Kuala Kangsar Clock Tower at Kuala Kangsar, Perak commemorating the coronation. Completed in 1939. Two clock towers were built in Malaya (/wiki/British_Malaya) (now Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) ) to commemorate the coronation. One is located at Medan Pasar, Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) , and was erected in 1937. The clock tower still exists today; however, the memorial plaques were removed following the independence of Malaya (1957). The other tower is located at Kuala Kangsar, Perak (/wiki/Kuala_Kangsar_(town)) , and was completed in 1939. It still exists today and is popular among tourists. Empire [ edit ] The National Archives released photographs of celebrations for the Coronation from across the British Empire where various commemorations were held. These included military parades, athletics events and religious services, and the gallery below shows examples of these commemorative events: [77] (#cite_note-79) United Religious Service, High Court building, Accra United Religious Service, Gold Coast Coronation Day Parade, Saltpond Athletics event, possibly in Accra Jamestown, Gold Coast Ceremonial parade, Kumasi Distribution of souvenirs to schoolchildren Memorabilia [ edit ] An Empire flag showcasing all the realms of the newly-crowned King The coronation was capitalised on by manufacturers as a means of selling commemorative material. Recordings of the service were put up for sale, while glassware and pottery were also made to commemorate the event. [78] (#cite_note-80) In Canada, for instance, at least five cookbooks were printed to mark the Coronation. [79] (#cite_note-81) British Empire flags (/wiki/British_Empire_flag) featuring the emblems of the dominions and India were also produced to celebrate their role in a united empire. The ones dating back to 1937 were based on a design previously used for the coronation of George V in 1911. [80] (#cite_note-:1-82) The Coronation Review of the Fleet [ edit ] The final coronation event was the Review of the Fleet (/wiki/Fleet_review_(Commonwealth_realms)) , held on 20 May at Spithead (/wiki/Spithead) off the coast at Portsmouth (/wiki/Portsmouth) . The largest assembly of warships since the coronation review of 1911, it has been described by military historian (/wiki/Military_historian) Hedley Paul Willmott as "the last parade of the Royal Navy as the world's greatest and most prodigious navy". Ten British battleships (/wiki/Battleship) and battlecruisers (/wiki/Battlecruiser) were present, and for the first time at a coronation review, four aircraft carriers (/wiki/Aircraft_carrier) . [81] (#cite_note-83) Altogether, there were 101 surface warships, 22 submarines (/wiki/Submarine) and 11 auxiliaries (/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary) drawn from the Home (/wiki/Home_Fleet) , Mediterranean (/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet) and Reserve Fleets (/wiki/Reserve_Fleet_(United_Kingdom)) . The Review Procession included the royal yacht (/wiki/Royal_yacht) , HMY (/wiki/HMY_Victoria_and_Albert_(1899)) Victoria and Albert , two minesweepers (/wiki/Minesweeper) and a survey ship (/wiki/Survey_ship) . The Commonwealth and Empire were represented by two warships from Canada and one each from New Zealand and India. A large complement of British merchant ships ranging from ocean liners (/wiki/Ocean_liner) to paddle steamers (/wiki/Paddle_steamer) were also present. [82] (#cite_note-Willmott34-84) By tradition, foreign navies were invited to send a single warship each to the review and seventeen were present. [82] (#cite_note-Willmott34-84) Notable among them were the USS (/wiki/USS_New_York_(BB-34)) New York , the new French battleship (/wiki/French_battleship_Dunkerque) Dunkerque and the elderly Soviet (/wiki/USSR) Marat . Also present were the formidable looking German " pocket battleship (/wiki/Pocket_battleship) " Admiral Graf Spee , the Argentine battleship ARA (/wiki/ARA_Moreno) Moreno , the Greek cruiser Georgios Averof and the Japanese heavy cruiser (/wiki/Heavy_cruiser) Ashigara . [83] (#cite_note-85) Following the review, in which the King and Queen on the royal yacht passed along seven lines of moored ships, there was a flypast (/wiki/Flypast) by the Fleet Air Arm (/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm) , however a planned second pass had to be abandoned because of the misty weather. [84] (#cite_note-86) That night, the assembled ships were illuminated by their own searchlights (/wiki/Searchlight) ; the spectacle was famously described on BBC Radio by commentator Lieutenant-Commander Thomas Woodrooffe (/wiki/Thomas_Woodrooffe) , who had enjoyed too much naval hospitality and was very drunk. [85] (#cite_note-87) The battleship HMS (/wiki/HMS_Nelson_(28)) Nelson off Spithead for the 1937 Fleet Review Admiral Graf Spee at Spithead in 1937; HMS (/wiki/HMS_Hood) Hood and Resolution lie in the background Ashigara at the Spithead Naval Review, Portsmouth, May 1937 USS New York at the Spithead Naval Review Marat at Spithead (/wiki/Spithead) for the 1937 Fleet Review Averof at Coronation Naval Review, Spithead, 1937 See also [ edit ] Coronation of the British monarch (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch) Coronation Scot (/wiki/Coronation_Scot) The Coronation (train) (/wiki/The_Coronation_(train)) Canadian Coronation Contingent (/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-25) Lieutenant-Colonel T.E.G. Nugent (/wiki/Terence_Nugent,_1st_Baron_Nugent) , Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Department (/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Office) , Lieutenant-General Sir Sidney Clive (/wiki/Sidney_Clive) , Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps, J.B. Monck, Vice-Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps, Major Norman Gwatking, Assistant Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Department and Captain Sir John Dashwood (/wiki/Dashwood_baronets) , Assistant Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps. [24] (#cite_note-LG-7038-24) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Sir George Arthur KCVO, see Debrett's Peerage , 1963, p. 155 for his full details References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Divorce" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110205105525/http://www.churchofengland.org/our-views/marriage,-family-and-sexuality-issues/divorce.aspx) . Archived from the original (https://www.churchofengland.org/our-views/marriage,-family-and-sexuality-issues/divorce.aspx) on 5 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Matthew, "Edward VIII (later Prince Edward, duke of Windsor) (1894–1972)", The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , 2004 ^ Jump up to: a b Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 421 ^ Jump up to: a b c The Coronation Book of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , n.d., pp. 16-17 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 421–422 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 422 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 423 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Beaken, Cosmo Lang: Archbishop in War and Crisis, 2012, pp. 132–133 ^ Jump up to: a b Beaken, Cosmo Lang: Archbishop in War and Crisis , 2012, pp. 132–133 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 458 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 423, 459–460 and 462 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 462–463 ^ Jump up to: a b Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 442 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Coronation Oath: form announced" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17305392) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 20 February 1937. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 443–444 ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/george-vi/) "George VI", Westminster Abbey (official website)" (https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/george-vi/) . westminster-abbey.org . Retrieved 12 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) According to custom, crowned heads do not attend coronations of other kings and queens. Pope-Hennessy, James (/wiki/James_Pope-Hennessy) (1959), Queen Mary , London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., p. 584 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Ramusack 2004, p. 125 ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Plans for the Coronation Broadcast" (http://www.radiotimesarchive.co.uk/pdf/RT-TV-SUPP-1937.pdf) , Radio Times , 7 May 1937, p. 10 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 428 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Hobsbawn and Ranger, The Invention of Tradition , 1983 (2012 reprint), p. 241 ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7037/) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937 issue no. 34453, p. 7037" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7037/) . Retrieved 26 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue 34453, pp. 3071–3077 ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7038/) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937 issue no. 34453, p. 7038" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7038/) . Retrieved 26 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The Imperial State Crown" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/31701) . Royal Collection Trust (/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust) . Inventory no. 31701. ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/31703) . Royal Collection Trust (/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust) . Inventory no. 31703. ^ (#cite_ref-Tierney2001_28-0) Tierney, Elizabeth the Queen Mother Paper Dolls , 2001, p. 71 ^ Jump up to: a b c "Queen Mother's Coronation Gown" (https://royal-needlework.org.uk/kensington-palace-exhibition-queen-mothers-coronation-gown/) . Royal School of Needlework . 26 May 2021 . Retrieved 2 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "What is a queen consort" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/Trails/what-is-a-queen-consort) . Royal Collection Trust . Retrieved 28 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Vickers, Hugo (2013). Elizabeth, The Queen Mother . Random House. pp. 63, 178. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781448150724 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q " (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7043/) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937 issue no. 34453, p. 7043" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7043/) . Retrieved 26 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-LG-7044_33-0) " (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7044/) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937 issue no. 34453, p. 7044" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7044/) . Retrieved 26 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-LG-7044-5_35-0) " (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7044/) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937 issue no. 34453, pp. 7044–45" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7044/) . Retrieved 26 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Wrightson, Hay. "King George VI with page boys, 12 May 1937" (https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw168238/King-George-VI-with-page-boys) . National Portrait Gallery . Retrieved 13 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Wrightson, Hay. "Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother at the coronation with her six maids of honour, May 1937" (https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw168239/Queen-Elizabeth-the-Queen-Mother-at-the-coronation-with-her-six-maids-of-honour?LinkID=mp162239&search=sas&sText=lady+ivy&role=sit&rNo=0) . National Portrait Gallery . Retrieved 13 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Range, Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II , 2003, p. 243 ^ (#cite_ref-39) Lacey, Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II , p. 111 ^ Jump up to: a b Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, p. 7054 ^ (#cite_ref-41) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, pp. 7055–56 ^ (#cite_ref-42) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, p. 7056 ^ (#cite_ref-43) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, pp. 7056–57 (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34453/supplement/7056/) ; list of peers pp. 7057–73 ^ Jump up to: a b Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, p. 7073 ^ (#cite_ref-45) Supplement to the London Gazette , 10 November 1937, issue no. 34453, pp. 7073–74 ^ Jump up to: a b Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 452 ^ (#cite_ref-47) The Central Queensland Herald , 20 May 1937, p. 21 ^ Jump up to: a b "Coronation" (https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1937/mar/16/the-coronation) , HC Deb 16 March 1937 vol 321 cols 1833–1836 (Hansard) ^ (#cite_ref-49) The Advocate (Burnie, Tasmania) – Wednesday 19 August 1936 – (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68076536) Coronation Procession Route: LONGEST ON RECORD (p. 1) (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68076536) ^ (#cite_ref-50) Richards, Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953 , p. 113 ^ (#cite_ref-51) "British Choral Tradition Volume Two – Choirs Royal – Choral Music from the 1937 Coronation" (http://www.amphion-recordings.com/phicd183.html) . Amphion Recordings. ^ (#cite_ref-52) Petrocelli, William Walton and the Violin Concerto in England between the 1900 and 1940 , 2007, p. 32 ^ Jump up to: a b Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 468 ^ (#cite_ref-54) Richards p. 114 ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Music played at the C20th Coronations" (https://studylib.net/doc/6833732/music-played-at-the-c20th-coronations) . studylib.net . StudyLib . Retrieved 5 October 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Coronation of George VI, May 12 1937" (https://www.westminster-abbey.org/media/5355/george-vi-coronation-music.pdf) (PDF) . www.westminster-abbey.org . Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey . Retrieved 27 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Range, p. 288 ^ (#cite_ref-58) Strong, Coronation , 2005, p. 494 ^ (#cite_ref-59) Beaken, Cosmo Lang: Archbishop in War and Crisis , 2012, p. 135 ^ (#cite_ref-60) Beaken, Cosmo Lang: Archbishop in War and Crisis , 2012, pp. 134–35 ^ (#cite_ref-royal-archives_61-0) "Coronations and the Royal Archives" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230418214713/https://www.royal.uk/royal-archives-coronation) . www.royal.uk . The Royal Family. Archived from the original (https://www.royal.uk/royal-archives-coronation) on 18 April 2023 . Retrieved 5 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Plans for the Coronation Broadcast" (http://www.radiotimesarchive.co.uk/pdf/RT-TV-SUPP-1937.pdf) , Radio Times , 7 May 1937, pp. 10–11 ^ (#cite_ref-63) Range, Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations , 2012, p. 31 ^ (#cite_ref-64) Potter, Broadcasting Empire , 2012, p. 99 ^ (#cite_ref-65) Potter, Broadcasting Empire , 2012, p. 94 ^ Jump up to: a b c "The story of BBC Television – Television out and about" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc/resources/tvhistory/out.shtml) . bbc.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-67) S. Bates, "King Edward VIII abdication: the newspaper that never was" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/dec/09/king-edward-viii-abdication-london-news) , The Guardian , 9 December 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-68) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 446–447 ^ (#cite_ref-69) Strong, Coronation , 2005, pp. 447–448 ^ (#cite_ref-70) The London Gazette , 11 May 1937, issue no. 34396, pp. 3074–3105 ^ (#cite_ref-71) Joslin, The Standard Catalogue of British Orders and Decorations , 1976, p. 36 ^ Jump up to: a b "King George VI Coronation Medal (1937)" (http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/medals-decorations/commemorative-medals/kgvicm) , Veterans Affairs of Canada (official site), veterans.gc.ca (accessed on 30 May 2014) ^ (#cite_ref-73) Mussell (ed.) et al., Coin Yearbook 2010 , 2010, pp. 170, 173, 179 and 256 ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Coronation", The British Postal Museum and Archive Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124301/http://www.postalheritage.org.uk/page/3359/Coronation) 31 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (accessed on 30 May 2014). ^ (#cite_ref-75) The Central Queensland Herald , 20 May 1937, p. 20 ^ (#cite_ref-76) See, for instance, photographs at "George VI Coronation street party, Southgate Street, Neath, 1937" (http://education.gtj.org.uk/en/item1/36087) Archived (https://archive.today/20140529171609/http://education.gtj.org.uk/en/item1/36087) 29 May 2014 at archive.today (/wiki/Archive.today) at Gathering the Jewels: the Website for Welsh Cultural History (accessed on 29 May 2014), and newspaper clippings at "Coronation of King George VI 12th May 1937" (http://www.historyofwallasey.co.uk/wallasey/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_May_12th_1937/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064321/http://www.historyofwallasey.co.uk/wallasey/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_May_12th_1937/) 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) at History of Wallasey (accessed on 29 May 2014) ^ (#cite_ref-77) P. Conrad, "The big picture: a coronation street party in Islington, London, 1937" (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2010/may/16/big-picture-coronation-party-1937) , The Observer , 16 May 2010, and newspaper clippings at "Coronation of King George VI 12th May 1937" (http://www.historyofwallasey.co.uk/wallasey/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_May_12th_1937/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064321/http://www.historyofwallasey.co.uk/wallasey/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_May_12th_1937/) 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) at History of Wallasey (accessed on 29 May 2014) ^ (#cite_ref-78) "12th May" (http://www.massobs.org.uk/write-for-us/12th-may) . Mass Observation . University of Sussex . Retrieved 13 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-79) See also: 'Coronation Souvenir', 1937 (https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalarchives/sets/72157631318277748/) , The National Archives profile of Flickr (accessed 29 May 2014) ^ (#cite_ref-80) Market Lavington Museum Blog (http://marketlavingtonmuseum.wordpress.com/2012/03/30/george-vi-coronation-memorabilia/) , 30 March 2012 (accessed on 29 May 2014) ^ (#cite_ref-81) Driver, Culinary Landmarks: A Bibliography of Canadian Cookbooks , 2008, pp. 800–01 ^ (#cite_ref-:1_82-0) Kelly, Ralph (8 August 2017). "A flag for the Empire" (https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ICV27-B8-Kelly.pdf) (PDF) . The Flag Institute . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230813214957/https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ICV27-B8-Kelly.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023 . Retrieved 13 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-83) Willmott, H P (2010) The Last Century of Sea Power: From Washington to Tokyo, 1922–1945 , Indiana University Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-253-35214-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35214-9) (pp. 24–25) ^ Jump up to: a b Willmott, p. 34 ^ (#cite_ref-85) Willmott, p.28 ^ (#cite_ref-86) F E M (August 1937). "The Naval Review: Vol. xxv. No. 3 (pp. 417–418)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141021191924/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1930s/1937-3.pdf) (PDF) . www.naval-review.com . The Naval Review. Archived from the original (http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1930s/1937-3.pdf) (PDF) on 21 October 2014 . Retrieved 17 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-87) "History of the BBC - Thomas Woodrooffe at the [sic] Coronation Fleet Review 20 May 1937" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0208j3q) . www.bbc.co.uk . BBC. 3 June 2014. Bibliography [ edit ] The Coronation Book of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , n.d., Odham's Press Ltd., London Beaken, R. (2012). Cosmo Lang: Archbishop in War and Crisis (https://books.google.com/books?id=twRag8SDtRIC&pg=PA132) , I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78076-355-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-355-2) ) Driver, E. (2008). Culinary Landmarks: A Bibliography of Canadian Cookbooks , University of Toronto Press Inc. ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8020-4790-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-4790-8) ) Hobsbawn, E. and Ranger, T. (1983) The Invention of Tradition , 20th printing (2012; first pub. 1983), Cambridge University Press ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-60467-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60467-4) ) Joslin, E.C. (1976). The Standard Catalogue of British Orders and Decorations , 3rd Edition, Spink & Son Ltd. Lacey, R. (2003) Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II , Free Press ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7432-3559-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-3559-2) ) Matthew, H.C.G. "Edward VIII (later Prince Edward, duke of Windsor) (1894–1972)" (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/31061) , The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , first published: 2004, online edition: Jan 2011 Mussell, J.W. (ed.) and Coin News editorial staff (eds.) (2010). Coin Yearbook 2010 , Token Publishing ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-870192-93-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870192-93-4) ) Petrocelli, P. (2007). William Walton and the Violin Concerto in England between the 1900 and 1940 , Universal Publishers ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-59942-654-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59942-654-4) ) Potter, S.J. (2012). Broadcasting Empire , Oxford University Press ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-956896-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956896-3) ) Ramusack, Barbara N (2004) The Indian Princes and their States , Cambridge University Press, ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-26727-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26727-4) ) Range, M. (2012). Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II , Cambridge University Press ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-02344-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02344-4) ) Richards, Jeffrey (2001). Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953 , Manchester University Press ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7190-4506-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-4506-1) ) Strong, Sir R. (2005). Coronation: a History of Kingship and the British Monarchy (//archive.org/details/coronationhistor0000stro) , Harper Collins ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007160549 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007160549) ) Tierney, Tom (2001). Elizabeth the Queen Mother Paper Dolls , Courier Dover Publications ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-41771-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-41771-4) ) External links [ edit ] Order of Service of the Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (https://www.oremus.org/coronation/1937/) The Coronation , newsreel from British Movietone News (/wiki/British_Movietone_News) Coronation Special 1937, reel 5 , newsreel from British Pathé Archives. Royal Naval Review Aka His Majesty Review His Fleet 1937 (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/the-royal-review-at-spithead) , newsreel from British Pathé Archives. 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French fashion designer (born 1974) Ramdane Touhami 2019, by Ethelborsoi Born ( 1974-09-23 ) September 23, 1974 (age 49) Montauban (/wiki/Montauban) , France Nationality French-Moroccan Occupation(s) Creative director, entrepreneur Known for Officine Universelle Buly (/wiki/Officine_Universelle_Buly) 1803, Art Recherche Industrie, L'Épicerie, Cire Trudon (/wiki/Trudon) Spouse Victoire de Taillac-Touhami Children 3 Website http://www.ramdane.com/ (http://www.ramdane.com/) Ramdane Touhami (born 23 September 1974 in Montauban (/wiki/Montauban) , France) is a French-Moroccan artist, creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) and entrepreneur. [1] (#cite_note-1) Often called " a multi-disciplinary and polymath entrepreneur " [2] (#cite_note-2) by the international press, he has created different companies in the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , art, PR (/wiki/Public_relations) , and beauty industry since the early 90s. He is also known for revamping the world's oldest wax manufacturer Cire Trudon (/wiki/Trudon) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Alongside his wife Victoire de Taillac (https://www.lisez.com/auteur/victoire-de-taillac/144134) , he is behind the 19th-century Parisian beauty brand, l’ Officine Universelle Buly (/wiki/Officine_Universelle_Buly) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life [ edit ] Ramdane Touhami was born to a French Moroccan family of six [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) in Montauban (/wiki/Montauban) , a commune in the Occitanie (/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)) region in southern France (/wiki/France) . At the age of 12, he was selected for an interview with the French President Chirac (/wiki/Jacques_Chirac) . [7] (#cite_note-7) He spent his childhood in the countryside, [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) and while he was still in school, he created his own T-shirt brand, Teuchiland, [8] (#cite_note-8) parodied Timberland (/wiki/The_Timberland_Company) with a reference to cannabis. He made a fortune out of it, but then was kidnapped and robbed of all the revenue. [9] (#cite_note-9) Then he dropped out of the boarding school, found himself on the wrong side of a Toulouse gang and escaped to Paris, where he was homeless for a year. [10] (#cite_note-10) He was stabbed and bears the scar to this day. [11] (#cite_note-11) From there, he started his first concept store L’Epicerie in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , a trendy “park” where clothes, embodying the anti- Colette (/wiki/Colette) attitude, quickly gaining attention of the press such as Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed) , Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) , Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Career [ edit ] Creative director [ edit ] Ramdane has worked as a creative director for various brands, helping fashion boutiques and luxury fragrances to revamp their stores and brand images. He started by rebooting And A. in 2000, a fashion brand owned by the Japanese Group Sazaby (https://www.sazaby-league.co.jp/about_us/company/?language=en) , by reimagining interior of the store, the visual identity and marketing materials, purchasing, display, the creation of clothing collections, and even the musical selection. The journey continues later in 2003 when he was invited by Liberty (/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)) , the famous London department store to renovate their men's sector, while he reconceived the entire line and merchandising, assembling 56 small trendy brands to create a walk-in chic closet for men's wear, followed by his new concept design in 2010 for Santa Eulalia Barcelona, [12] (#cite_note-12) realizing a " bar à eaux de cologne " (perfume bar) as a perfume palette. One of his major revamping projects [13] (#cite_note-13) involves Cire Trudon (/wiki/Cire_Trudon) , a historical French candle maker established in 1643, while it had been asleep for more than 350 years. To bring forth the lost history, he went back to the original name, reimagined the boutique, improved the original formula using vegetable wax, and created 20 perfumes for the line of scented candles, with each one having its own story that are often linked to the history of the brand or the larger one of France. In June 2019, he established his own creative agency called Art Recherche Industrie (https://www.a-r-i.ch/en/) , an art direction office in major aesthetic fields, distinguishing itself by "an original modus operandi: advocating home-made and zero-outsourcing". [14] (#cite_note-14) It works closely with his own beauty brand, Officine Universelle Buly, Buly 1803 in short, as well as other partners, such as Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) . Entrepreneur [ edit ] Despite his experience in art direction, Ramdane identifies himself more with "the logic of an entrepreneur". [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2003, he started his own tailor-made menswear brand R.T., [16] (#cite_note-16) for which he drew and developed his own fabrics and prints, followed by Résistance with a more urban style, honoring some of the most important historic and political icons. R.T. & Résistance has been sold in 180 retail stores around the world: " Maria Luisa (/wiki/Maria_Luisa) " in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , " Nom de guerre (/wiki/Nom_de_guerre) " in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , " Isetan (/wiki/Isetan) " in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , among others, and seen collaborations such as with the Black Panther Party (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) for its 40th anniversary. [17] (#cite_note-17) As his attention shifted from fashion to fragrances, Ramdane started his own scent studio Architecture Olfactive right after his work at Cire Trudon (/wiki/Cire_Trudon) in 2010. The studio has designed numerous signature scents for various brands and companies, such as The Kooples (/wiki/The_Kooples) in Paris, Barney's and the Mercer Hotel (/wiki/Mercer_Hotel) in New York, Santa Eulalia (/w/index.php?title=Santa_Eulalia_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) in Barcelona, as well as the Shangri-La hotels (/wiki/Shangri-La_Hotels_and_Resorts) and palaces, together with imagination of scents for events. In 2014, he established his own beauty brand Officine Universelle Buly (/wiki/Officine_Universelle_Buly) [18] (#cite_note-18) at 6 rue Bonaparte (/wiki/Rue_Bonaparte) in the 6th district in Paris with his wife, Victoire de Taillac-Touhami. The brand was initially founded by Jean-Vincent Bully in 1803, later revived by the duo, [19] (#cite_note-19) and now operates in several countries and regions selling a wide range of products including water-based perfumes, scented candles, etc. [20] (#cite_note-20) Personal life [ edit ] Ramdane is married to Victoire de Taillac-Touhami, a beauty expert and ex-director of public relations for emblematic concept store Colette (https://www.colette.fr/) . They have been close partners since their meeting in the 90s, [21] (#cite_note-21) both romantically and professionally. [22] (#cite_note-22) The couple now live in Paris, France, with their three children. [23] (#cite_note-23) Awards and honours [ edit ] In December 2020, Touhami was granted Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres (/wiki/Chevalier_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres) (Knight of Arts and Letters). Books and publications [ edit ] 2003: Participation at " Hello Kitty's 30th birthday " exhibit at Mori Museum (https://www.mori.art.museum/jp/) , in Tokyo. 2006: " View of the sea ", first movie directed with French graphic artist Artus de Lavilléon. 2013: Launching of the independent beauty magazine " Corpus " alongside Victoire de Taillac. 2017: Publishing of: An Atlas of Natural Beauty (the U.K. edition), Ebury Press. (ISBN 978-1-785-03494-7) [24] (#cite_note-24) Atlas de la beauté au naturel (French), edition originale Ebury Press. (ISBN 978-2-232-14494-3) [25] (#cite_note-25) 2018: Publishing of: An Atlas of Natural Beauty (the U.S. edition), Simon & Schuster. (ISBN 978-1-501-19735-2) [26] (#cite_note-26) 2020: Launching of WAM Magazine, Ramdane Touhami's egocentric magazine, published by Art Recherche Industrie Атлас естественной красоты (Russia edition), Azbooka. (ISBN 978-5-389-16265-5) [27] (#cite_note-27) 2021: Publishing of: The Beauty of Time Travel, The Work of Ramdane Touhami and the Agency Art Recherche Industrie for Officine Universelle Buly , gestalten. (ISBN 978-3-96704-019-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) #50 Ramdane Touhami (Officine Universelle Buly) , retrieved 21 February 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Former Cire Trudon Co-Owner Revives Historic Beauty Brand" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/with-lofficine-universelle-buly-ramdane-touhami-revives-historic-beauty-brand) . The Business of Fashion . 26 March 2014 . Retrieved 16 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kazakina, Katya (16 November 2010). "Whiff of Marie Antoinette at 367-Year-Old Candle Maker's Shop" (http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-11-16/whiff-of-marie-antoinette-at-367-year-old-candle-maker-s-shop.html) . Bloomberg BusinessWeek . Retrieved 7 May 2011 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) Thomas, Dana (4 July 2017). "Ramdane Touhami's New French Empire" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/04/fashion/ramdane-touhami-buly-1803.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 16 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ramdane Touhami" (https://pen-online.com/film/ramdane-touhami/) . Pen Magazine International . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Grazia.fr (2 September 2019). "Ramdane Touhami : "Ce que j'aime, c'est entrer dans une boite... – Grazia" (https://www.grazia.fr/news-et-societe/societe/ramdane-touhami-ce-que-j-aime-c-est-entrer-dans-une-boite-en-changer-le-business-930031) . www.grazia.fr (in French) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Montauban. Les "années collège" de Ramdane Touhami" (https://www.ladepeche.fr/2019/11/28/les-annees-college-de-ramdane-touhami,8567883.php) . ladepeche.fr (in French) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Works" (http://www.ramdane.com/works_contain.php?work_cat_id=NDE=) . ramdane.com . Retrieved 16 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Day in The Life: Ramdane Touhami" (https://www.kinfolk.com/day-life-ramdane-touhami/) . Kinfolk . 20 February 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Inverser la courbe du destin – Ép. 2/4 – Voyage transclasse, histoires de ceux qui ont quitté leur milieu d'origine" (https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/lsd-la-serie-documentaire/voyage-transclasse-histoires-de-ceux-qui-ont-quitte-leur-milieu-dorigine-24-inverser-la-courbe-du) . France Culture (in French) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Day in The Life: Ramdane Touhami" (https://www.kinfolk.com/day-life-ramdane-touhami/) . Kinfolk . 20 February 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Santa Eulalia. Modern luxury shop based in Barcelona. Online Store" (https://www.santaeulalia.com/eu/) . santaeulalia.com . Retrieved 17 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Ramdane Touhami, franc-tireur du luxe à la française" (https://www.lemonde.fr/m-actu/article/2018/04/20/ramdane-touhami-franc-tireur-du-luxe-a-la-francaise_5288283_4497186.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). 20 April 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Art Recherche Industrie – Agence de direction artistique créée par Ramdane Touhami. Architecture, typographie, graphisme, photographie, écriture, création de produits, identité & philosophie de marque" (https://www.a-r-i.ch/en/) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Info" (http://www.ramdane.com/info.php) . www.ramdane.com . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Voight, Rebecca (2006). "A neo-rebel cool" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/19/style/a-neorebel-cool.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 16 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Limnander, Armand (12 March 2006). "The Remix; Spirit of '66" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/magazine/style/the-remix-spirit-of-66.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) buly1803.com/en/ ^ (#cite_ref-19) Fetto, Funmi (2 September 2018). "Sweet smell of success: the couples making scents" (https://www.theguardian.com/global/2018/sep/02/sweet-smell-of-success-the-couples-making-scents) . the Guardian . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Thomas, Dana (4 July 2017). "Ramdane Touhami's New French Empire" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/04/fashion/ramdane-touhami-buly-1803.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Victoire de Taillac & Ramdane Touhami · MKRS" (https://mkrs.family/makers/victoire-de-taillac-ramdane-touhami) . MKRS . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Cook, Grace (5 December 2019). "Buly 1803 picks playful stocking fillers" (https://www.ft.com/content/feecffb2-15f1-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385) . www.ft.com . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) " (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/20/paris-home-creative-couple-colourful-apartment) 'Paris is home': a creative couple's colourful apartment | Homes" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/20/paris-home-creative-couple-colourful-apartment) . the Guardian . 20 January 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Taillac, Victoire de (2017). An atlas of natural beauty : botanical ingredients for retaining and enhancing beauty . Ramdane Touhami. London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78503-494-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1011147170 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1011147170) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-25) Taillac, Victoire de (2017). Atlas de beauté au naturel : secrets botaniques pour conserver et sublimer votre beauté . Ramdane Touhami, Isaure de Benque, L'Officine Universelle Buly. Paris. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-232-14494-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1130898395 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1130898395) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-26) de Taillac, Victoire (2018). An atlas of natural beauty : botanical ingredients for retaining and enhancing beauty . Ramdane Touhami (hardcover ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5011-9735-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1045640565 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1045640565) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) De Taillac, Victoire (2020). Атлас естественной красоты . Russia: Azbooka. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-5-389-16265-5 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.ramdane.com/) Officine Universelle Buly official website (https://www.buly1803.com/en/) Art recherche industrie official website (https://www.a-r-i.ch/en/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000480309314) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/22152329262202672465) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1245642197) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2018017812) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812392124005606) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/241453844) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7d7597bbf4‐zx45c Cached time: 20240711121506 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.477 seconds Real time usage: 0.577 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2964/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57101/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2402/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 101915/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.320/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7758925/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 542.956 1 -total 43.46% 235.962 1 Template:Reflist 25.43% 138.098 1 Template:Infobox_person 15.31% 83.103 1 Template:Authority_control 13.76% 74.696 1 Template:Citation 9.73% 52.834 1 Template:Short_description 9.49% 51.531 14 Template:Cite_web 7.46% 40.517 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.58% 35.700 2 Template:Pagetype 6.11% 33.166 7 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31615057-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711121506 and revision id 1233885826. 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Australian artist Mathu Andersen Occupations Make-up artist costume designer photographer Mathu Andersen is a make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) , [1] (#cite_note-1) costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , [2] (#cite_note-2) and photographer. [3] (#cite_note-3) Andersen has collaborated with RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul) [4] (#cite_note-4) and was previously in a relationship with fashion designer Zaldy (/wiki/Zaldy) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Andersen has a background in fashion and textile design (/wiki/Textile_design) . [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) He and RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul) collaborated for many years, until the show's ninth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_9)) ; Andersen initially did RuPaul's hair and make-up (/wiki/Cosmetics) , and later directed challenges and became a creative producer of Drag Race . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) He was a guest judge on season two (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_2)) 's "Here Comes the Bride" (2010), and he was a special guest on the fourth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_4)) 's " The Final Three (/wiki/The_Final_Three) " (2012), the fifth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_5)) 's " The Final Three, Hunty (/wiki/The_Final_Three,_Hunty) " (2013), the sixth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_6)) 's " Sissy That Walk (/wiki/Sissy_That_Walk_(RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race)) " (2014), and the seventh season's (2015) premiere episode (" Born Naked (/wiki/Born_Naked_(RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race)) ") and twelfth episode (" And the Rest Is Drag (/wiki/And_the_Rest_Is_Drag) "). Andersen was nominated in the Outstanding Makeup for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Makeup_for_a_Variety,_Nonfiction_or_Reality_Program) category at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/67th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) in 2015 for his work on " ShakesQueer (/wiki/ShakesQueer) ", the seventh season's third episode. [ citation needed ] The reasons for his departure from the show are unknown. [9] (#cite_note-9) Personal life [ edit ] Andersen is originally from Australia. He moved to New York in 1986 and, according to Queerty (/wiki/Queerty) , "teamed up with Zaldy Goco and became a fixture of NYC nightlife". [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Andersen moved to Los Angeles in 2002. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mathu Andersen: 'I Am the Wig Whisperer' (https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/art/photography/2014/11/11/mathu-andersen-i-am-wig-whisperer) " (https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/art/photography/2014/11/11/mathu-andersen-i-am-wig-whisperer) . www.advocate.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231001122855/https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/art/photography/2014/11/11/mathu-andersen-i-am-wig-whisperer) from the original on 2023-10-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Miller, Colin; Mock, Ray (2019-11-12). Hotel Chelsea: Living in the Last Bohemian Haven . The Monacelli Press, LLC. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58093-525-8 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240304204750/https://books.google.com/books?id=yBmtDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA200&dq=%22Mathu+Andersen%22&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Mathu%20Andersen%22&f=false) from the original on 2024-03-04 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bruney, Gabrielle (2015-11-04). "Hello, Hunty: Meet Mathu Andersen, Instagram's Drag Icon" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkwe5m/hello-hunty-meet-mathu-andersen-instagrams-drag-icon) . Vice . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240228101841/https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkwe5m/hello-hunty-meet-mathu-andersen-instagrams-drag-icon) from the original on 2024-02-28 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Raven Dedicates Emmy for 'Drag Race' Work to Mathu Andersen" (https://www.out.com/drag/2021/1/23/raven-emmy-makeup-rupaul-drag-race-mathu-andersen) . www.out.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240206152849/https://www.out.com/drag/2021/1/23/raven-emmy-makeup-rupaul-drag-race-mathu-andersen) from the original on 2024-02-06 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Delta Work Reveals 'Drag Race' Behind-the-Scenes Drama With RuPaul" (https://www.out.com/gay-tv-shows/delta-work-rupaul-fired-hair) . www.out.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240224085457/https://www.out.com/gay-tv-shows/delta-work-rupaul-fired-hair) from the original on 2024-02-24 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Allen, Timothy (2014-10-22). "40 Amazing Makeup Creations by Artist Mathu Andersen" (https://www.queerty.com/mathu-andersen-amazing-makeup-instagram-art-installation-world-of-wonder-storefront-gallery-november-13-20141022) . Queerty . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531154828/https://www.queerty.com/mathu-andersen-amazing-makeup-instagram-art-installation-world-of-wonder-storefront-gallery-november-13-20141022) from the original on 2023-05-31 . Retrieved 2024-04-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Raven Dedicates Emmy for 'Drag Race' Work to Mathu Andersen" (https://www.out.com/drag/2021/1/23/raven-emmy-makeup-rupaul-drag-race-mathu-andersen) . Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1062-7928 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1062-7928) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240206152849/https://www.out.com/drag/2021/1/23/raven-emmy-makeup-rupaul-drag-race-mathu-andersen) from the original on 2024-02-06 . Retrieved 2024-03-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "This Is the Wig Master RuPaul Uses on 'Drag Race' Season 12" (https://www.out.com/drag/2020/4/17/wig-master-rupaul-uses-drag-race-season-12) . www.out.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231209065342/https://www.out.com/drag/2020/4/17/wig-master-rupaul-uses-drag-race-season-12) from the original on 2023-12-09 . Retrieved 2024-04-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Raven Shares Rare Photo Touching Up RuPaul's Face for 'Drag Race' (https://uk.news.yahoo.com/raven-shares-rare-photo-touching-200143335.html) " (https://uk.news.yahoo.com/raven-shares-rare-photo-touching-200143335.html) . Yahoo News . 2022-07-08. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220713192055/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/raven-shares-rare-photo-touching-200143335.html) from the original on 2022-07-13 . Retrieved 2024-04-18 . 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Find sources: "Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vladimir+Restoin+Roitfeld%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld is a French-American businessman and President of CR Fashion Book Ltd., the media company that publishes the namesake biannual style magazine founded by his mother, Carine Roitfeld. He leads business strategy, business development, partnerships, and extensions of the CR Fashion Book brand across publishing, licensing, and consulting, including an international partnership with Hearst Communications Inc. Under his leadership, CRFB has revitalized its companion men's publication, CR MEN, launched its first international edition, CR Fashion Book Japan, and produced special projects, including an annual calendar CR Women. Roitfeld is also President of CR Studio, a creative and production agency that he launched with clients ranging from Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Chanel to Yeezy and Philipp Plein. Early life [ edit ] Roitfeld was born in Paris, France. He is the son of Christian Restoin (/w/index.php?title=Christian_Restoin&action=edit&redlink=1) and Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) , French journalist, fashion stylist, and the former editor-in-chief of French Vogue (/wiki/French_Vogue) . He has an older sister, Julia Restoin Roitfeld (/wiki/Julia_Restoin_Roitfeld) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Roitfeld's godfather is photographer Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) . [ citation needed ] Education [ edit ] Roitfeld moved to New York City at age 17 to study at NYU [ citation needed ] before graduating from the University of Southern California School of International Relations and Cinematic Arts in 2007. [ citation needed ] Subsequently, he worked as an assistant producer for Paramount Pictures (/wiki/Paramount_Pictures) , before making the transition into the art world. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Prior to CRFB, Restoin Roitfeld served as the founder and director of Feedback Ltd., a Manhattan-based private art dealership that staged exhibitions with artists such as Andy Warhol, Peter Lindbergh, Tom Wesselmann, and Richard Hambleton. He is a graduate of the University of Southern California, where he earned degrees in business, International Relations, and Cinema & Television. [ citation needed ] Roitfeld was inspired by "pop-up" galleries, in which museum-style exhibitions have been installed in industrial spaces in New York, London (/wiki/London) , Paris, and Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [ citation needed ] He has worked on exhibitions with the Moscow Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Moscow_Museum_of_Modern_Art) , [3] (#cite_note-bloomberg-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-vanityfair-5) Sotheby's S2 Gallery and Phillips de Pury. In 2012 Roitfeld created a private art dealership headquartered in New York. [ citation needed ] At the 17th annual Cinema Against Aids amfAR gala (/wiki/AmfAR_gala) in Cannes in 2010, Roitfeld collaborated with amfAr-supporter Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) on contributing to the organization's auction tent, which included an exhibition of works by Richard Hambleton (/wiki/Richard_Hambleton) . Roitfeld and Andy Valmorbida curated the collection and donated two rare pieces to the event. Auctioneer Simon de Pury moderated the bidding and the lots brought a combined total of $920,000. [3] (#cite_note-bloomberg-3) [5] (#cite_note-vanityfair-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Restoin Roitfiled is interviewed on screen in the 2017 documentary on Hambleton, Shadowman (/w/index.php?title=Shadowman_(2017_film)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Natalie Joos" (http://www.iwanttobearoitfeld.com/julia-restoin-roitfelds-favori/) . October 3, 2011 . Kellina de Boer . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "22 Questions for Art Dealer and Curator Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld" (http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/123811/22-questions-for-art-dealer-and-curator-vladimir-restoin) . Louise Blouin Media (/wiki/Louise_Blouin_Media) . May 18, 2011 . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ a b Kazakina, Katya. "French Vogue Scion Corrals Guinness, Rosen in Art Opening Night" (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=aIPPyisadW0Q) . November 30, 2009 . Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.) . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Artnet News" (http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/news/artnetnews/georgia-okeeffe9-3-09.asp) . September 3, 2009 . Artnet (/wiki/Artnet) . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ a b Scheyer, Kate. "Richard Hambleton's Art Draws a Crowd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110615035429/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2009/09/richard-hambletons-art-draws-a-crowd.html) . September 16, 2009 . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.vanityfair.com/online/style/2009/09/richard-hambletons-art-draws-a-crowd.html) on June 15, 2011 . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "amfAR Holds 17th Annual Cinema Against AIDS Gala During Cannes Film Festival" (http://www.amfar.org/spotlight/article.aspx?id=8781) . May 21, 2010 . amfAR (/wiki/AmfAR) . Retrieved October 6, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Shadowman is as Intense and Infuriating as Its Protagonist" (https://www.riotmaterial.com/shadowman-is-as-intense-and-infuriating-as-its-protagonist/) . 8 December 2017. 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Dress worn by Uma Thurman at the 1995 Academy Awards Lavender Prada dress of Uma Thurman Designer Barbara Tfank (/wiki/Barbara_Tfank) for Prada (/wiki/Prada) Year 1995 ( 1995 ) Type Lavender dress American actress Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) wore a Prada (/wiki/Prada) dress in lavender chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) to the 67th Academy Awards (/wiki/67th_Academy_Awards) on March 27, 1995, at which she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for Pulp Fiction (/wiki/Pulp_Fiction) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The dress was designed by American designer Barbara Tfank (/wiki/Barbara_Tfank) . [2] (#cite_note-Cosgrave2006-2) The dress was well-received by contemporary critics, and in retrospect is considered one of Thurman's most memorable red carpet looks. [2] (#cite_note-Cosgrave2006-2) Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) magazine's 2003 Complete Book of Oscar Fashion described it as "the gown that launched a thousand imitations"; and indeed, a year later, Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) wore a Prada dress of an identical colour at the 68th Academy Awards (/wiki/68th_Academy_Awards) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In a 2011 retrospective of Oscars dresses, CNN (/wiki/CNN) called the color "exquisite" and highlighted the delicacy of the chiffon. [5] (#cite_note-cnn._Tend-5) The appearance of the dress on the red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) has been credited with bringing Prada's clothing into the mainstream in America. [6] (#cite_note-Seeling2000-6) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) [5] (#cite_note-cnn._Tend-5) The brand had previously been relatively obscure, best known for making high-end accessories, particularly their black backpacks. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress of Uma Thurman (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "How Uma Thurman's 1995 Oscar Dress Changed the Red Carpet Forever" (http://stylecaster.com/uma-thurman-oscars-prada-1995/) . Stylecaster.com (/wiki/Stylecaster.com) . 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161130020737/http://stylecaster.com/uma-thurman-oscars-prada-1995/) from the original on November 30, 2016 . Retrieved April 29, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cosgrave, Bronwyn (December 15, 2006). Made for each other: fashion and the Academy Awards . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 253. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59691-087-4 . Retrieved May 24, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Reeve., Chace (2003). The complete book of Oscar fashion : Variety's 75 years of glamour on the red carpet . New York, NY: Reed Press. p. 48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1594290016 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 53233868 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53233868) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cosgrave, Bronwyn (December 15, 2006). Made for each other: fashion and the Academy Awards . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 222. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59691-087-4 . Retrieved May 24, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Ten dresses you'll never forget" (http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/27/showbiz/ten-unforgettable-dresses-instyle/) . CNN . October 27, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150613051222/http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/27/showbiz/ten-unforgettable-dresses-instyle) from the original on June 13, 2015 . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Seeling2000_6-0) Seeling, Charlotte (April 2000). Fashion: the century of the designer 1900–1999 . Könemann. p. 192. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-8290-2980-3 . Retrieved May 24, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Callahan, Maureen (2014). Champagne Supernovas: Kate Moss, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, and the '90s Renegades Who Remade Fashion . New York. pp. 119–120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-4053-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 852226384 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/852226384) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kendall, Zoë. "Uma Thurman's most iconic outfits" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/93ywv3/uma-thurmans-style-best-outfits-fashion) . i-d.vice.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221113091258/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/93ywv3/uma-thurmans-style-best-outfits-fashion) from the original on November 13, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2022 . v t e Notable red carpet outfits (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) 1950s White floral Givenchy dress (/wiki/White_floral_Givenchy_dress_of_Audrey_Hepburn) ( Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , 1954) 1990s Red Versace dress (/wiki/Red_Versace_dress_of_Cindy_Crawford) ( Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , 1991) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Elizabeth_Hurley) ( Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) , 1994) Lavender Prada dress ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 1995) American Express Gold card dress (/wiki/American_Express_Gold_card_dress_of_Lizzy_Gardiner) ( Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) , 1995) Chartreuse Dior dress (/wiki/Chartreuse_Dior_dress_of_Nicole_Kidman) ( Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , 1997) Pink Ralph Lauren dress (/wiki/Pink_Ralph_Lauren_dress_of_Gwyneth_Paltrow) ( Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) , 1999) 2000s Early Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) ( Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , 2000) Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 2000) Black and white Valentino dress (/wiki/Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) ( Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , 2001) Swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) ( Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , 2001) Elie Saab net dress (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) ( Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , 2002) Red Ben de Lisi dress (/wiki/Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet) ( Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) , 2002) Red Tarvydas dress (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) ( Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) , 2004) White Marc Bouwer dress (/wiki/White_Marc_Bouwer_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2004) Late Navy blue Guy Laroche dress (/wiki/Navy_blue_Guy_Laroche_dress_of_Hilary_Swank) ( Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) , 2005) Yellow Valentino dress (/wiki/Yellow_Valentino_dress_of_Cate_Blanchett) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2005) Plum Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Plum_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Keira_Knightley) ( Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , 2006) Saffron Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Saffron_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Michelle_Williams) ( Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)) , 2006) Pink feathered Versace dress (/wiki/Pink_feathered_Versace_dress_of_Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) ( Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , 2007) Swarovski crystal mesh Armani dress (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal_mesh_Armani_Priv%C3%A9_gown) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2007) Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress (/wiki/Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) ( Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) , 2008) 2010s Meat dress (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) ( Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , 2010) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2012) Blue Prada dress (/wiki/Blue_Prada_dress_of_Lupita_Nyong%27o) ( Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , 2014) Black Christian Siriano tuxedo gown (/wiki/Black_Christian_Siriano_gown_of_Billy_Porter) ( Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) , 2019) 2020s Autograph suit (/wiki/Autograph_suit_of_Sandy_Powell) ( Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) , 2020) Other notable dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Category (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Israeli fashion designer and reality television personality Pnina Tornai פנינה טורנה Tornai in 2008 Born ( 1962-11-25 ) November 25, 1962 (age 61) Ramat HaSharon (/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) Occupation(s) Fashion designer, reality and daytime television personality Known for Starring on TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_channel)) 's Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) and on American daytime television Height 1.54 m (5 ft 1 in) Children 1 Website pninatornai (http://PninaTornai.com) .com (http://PninaTornai.com) Pnina Tornai ( Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : פנינה טורנה ; born November 25, 1962) is an Israeli fashion and wedding dress designer, reality and daytime TV personality. Tornai and her wedding gowns have appeared on TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) 's reality television show Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) . Tornai's dresses have been top sellers at Kleinfeld Bridal. [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) Personal life [ edit ] Pnina Tornai was born in Ramat HaSharon (/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) , to Mizrahi Jewish (/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish) parents Shaul and Ruth Assis; [2] (#cite_note-pearlskleinfeld-2) she is the eldest of four girls. At birth, Tornai was given her grandmother's name, Pearl. In Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew) , Pearl translates to Pnina, thus she was called Pnina. [2] (#cite_note-pearlskleinfeld-2) Her father was an Israeli (/wiki/Israelis) diplomat from Alexandria (/wiki/Alexandria) , Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) , and her mother was from Tangier (/wiki/Tangier) , Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) . As a child, Tornai dreamed of being an actress (/wiki/Actress) , but instead went on to finish her high school (/wiki/High_school) education. Upon graduating, she enlisted in Israel's mandatory (/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel) military service. Once she completed her military service Tornai decided to pursue her acting career by enrolling in acting school in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) . [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) There she married and had her son, David. In addition to a decade of her guest appearances and television specials for the long-running Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) [3] (#cite_note-SYTTD-3) Tornai stars in several other television shows internationally including 10 Years Younger (/wiki/10_Years_Younger_(U.S._TV_series)) . She has also contributed to segments on ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) , on What Would You Do? (/wiki/What_Would_You_Do%3F_(2008_TV_program)) [4] (#cite_note-abc-4) and on VH1 (/wiki/VH1) . [5] (#cite_note-vh1-5) Tornai appeared on the Israeli version of the reality television show Big Brother (/wiki/Big_Brother_(franchise)) VIP (/wiki/Very_Important_Person) in 2009. [6] (#cite_note-bigbrother-6) She is also a gourmet (/wiki/Gourmet) cook and appeared on the reality TV show MasterChef (/wiki/MasterChef) VIP (/wiki/Very_Important_Person) in 2015. Tornai has a love for entertaining, she is an avid gardener and a collector of vintage (/wiki/Antique) couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fashion - a passion she developed while living in Paris (/wiki/Paris) for ten years. Career [ edit ] After Tornai's time in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , she returned to Israel (/wiki/Israel) with her son. She opened a small store in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) , with only one seamstress (/wiki/Seamstress) to help her. [7] (#cite_note-israel21c-7) The two began creating day and evening gowns (/wiki/Gowns) . [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) Tornai began making wedding dresses in 1992, when a woman asked if she could make her a wedding dress that mirrored an evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) that she had seen in the shop window. Tornai accepted the challenge, and when the woman got married, the photo of their wedding made the front page of an Israeli newspaper. When other brides-to-be saw the picture, they came to Tornai asking if she could replicate the dress, which then launched her career. Tornai turned her store into a wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) salon. [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) In 2005, Tornai first showed her dresses to Kleinfeld Bridal, but her designs were initially rejected by the famous bridal salon for being too sexy. [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) Tornai did not give up, and slightly altered her dresses and returned a while later. When she returned, one of her dresses caught the eye of many, and she soon became one of Kleinfeld's wedding dress designers. [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) [9] (#cite_note-PeopleS-9) [10] (#cite_note-People-10) A Pnina Tornai bridal boutique (/wiki/Boutique) was then opened in-store for Tornai's dresses. After only two years she became the store's top vendor. Tornai is the only designer to have her own boutique within Kleinfeld. [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) Women from all over the world travelled to meet with Tornai at her boutique inside Kleinfeld, New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) . [11] (#cite_note-fashionwiredaily-11) Tornai takes personal interest in each and every one of her brides, and feels truly honored to be dressing them on the most important day of their lives. [12] (#cite_note-pninaSYTTD-12) Tornai now spends two weeks out of every month in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , where she meets with clients to help make the dress of their dreams [13] (#cite_note-huffpost-13) and also holds monthly trunk shows. [14] (#cite_note-wwd-14) Although she has hired seamstresses since the start, she still has a say in every dress that is sold. Along with visiting the New York City store, she spends the rest of her time traveling and visiting her other stores. Her creations are sold around the world, including the United States (/wiki/United_States) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) , Bahamas (/wiki/Bahamas) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) , Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) , Angola (/wiki/Angola) , South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) , and China (/wiki/China) . Much of Tornai's design inspiration comes from her travels to exotic places where she takes in new cultures and beautiful surroundings, and is able to "see things differently, as though I am experiencing them for the very first time." Tornai includes her family in her business; her husband, David Levinshtein, [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) is her business manager; her sister, Kochav, is her makeup artist; [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) and her son is her graphic designer. Retail [ edit ] Tornai creates dresses while she is dreaming . [15] (#cite_note-foxradio-15) She works hard to bring out the "inner princess" in every bride, which inspires the fabrics she uses and her designs. [1] (#cite_note-Kadesh-1) After she completes the designs, her ultra-feminine wedding gowns are hand sewn using fabrics directly imported from Europe (/wiki/Europe) . Tornai's signature body-hugging corsets (/wiki/Corset) are embellished with Swarovski crystals (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal) and precious stones. According to The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , Tornai's dresses are considered "vixenish". [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) Her passion for design was inspired by her Moroccan (/wiki/Moroccan_people) mother and Egyptian (/wiki/Egyptians) father who exposed her to elaborate cultural ceremonies and celebrations from a young age. Her love for beauty and intricate details grew into a desire to create gowns (/wiki/Gowns) that reflected her unique heritage (/wiki/Kinship) and today she has a line of dresses that are specialized for religious Jewish (/wiki/Jewish) and Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) brides. She made a customized red dress for an Indian (/wiki/Indian_people) bride who wanted a traditional Indian dress. Tornai does her best to meet the needs of the customer, which is reflected in many episodes of Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) [3] (#cite_note-SYTTD-3) . [16] (#cite_note-foxfriends-16) The Pnina Tornai product line has expanded to include footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) , headpieces (/wiki/Headpieces) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) and fragrance (/wiki/Aroma_compound) , all befitting the brand's couture aesthetic . [17] (#cite_note-glamour-17) She recently added evening gowns (/wiki/Gowns) to her collection, and also designs kaftans (/wiki/Kaftan) , which closely represents her heritage (/wiki/Cultural_heritage) . Collections [ edit ] New collections are shown at international bridal fairs and bridal fashion shows [18] (#cite_note-Ministry-18) [19] (#cite_note-Fox5-19) . [20] (#cite_note-ABC-20) The lines are also shown in bridal magazines. Tornai's 2016 runway collection was shot in the dry desert (/wiki/Desert) where water is most needed. This collection is an ode to water (/wiki/Water) , the way it flows and intertwines with wind (/wiki/Wind) and sand to create new spirit and energy. Inspired by how wind moves water, creating breathtaking reflections of light, and how waves break and fluff as they hit the sand. Tornai has combined water-like crystals (/wiki/Crystals) , coral lace (/wiki/Lace) , wavy ruffles (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) and water-like pearls (/wiki/Pearls) to mimic the magic of wind upon water. From flowing chiffons (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , to dripping water-like details and coral-inspired lace (/wiki/Lace) , each gown (/wiki/Gown) 's details echo the elemental rhythm of the world. Beginning again, in a new decade, with this collection represents her resolve to re-energize and empower the environment. Tornai's 2012 collection featured gowns made of silk (/wiki/Silk) , satin (/wiki/Satin) , lace (/wiki/Lace) and were topped with pearls (/wiki/Pearls) and jewels (/wiki/Jewels) . Tornai used pearls (/wiki/Pearl) because she recalled that her late mother and grandmother always wore pearls when they left the house. [11] (#cite_note-fashionwiredaily-11) After the passing of her mother, a friend helped her through her grief by comparing tears to pearls, thus the idea for that collection emerged. The collection was based on tears of joy, which translates to pearls of joy for a bride on her wedding day. [2] (#cite_note-pearlskleinfeld-2) Tornai's 2008 bridal collection was infused with floral (/wiki/Floral) designs on the corsets, silk pantsuits, and spaghetti-strapped dress that had scalloped hemlines (/wiki/Hemline) . All of these dresses were inspired by the love song " La Vie en rose (/wiki/La_Vie_en_rose) " by Édith Piaf (/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf) . In popular culture and clients [ edit ] Tornai's clients include royalty, celebrities and pop icons. Eva Bryan, NASCAR (/wiki/NASCAR) driver Kurt Busch (/wiki/Kurt_Busch) 's wife, sported a Pnina Tornai wedding gown at their wedding. [21] (#cite_note-21) Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) ' s meteorologist, Ginger Zee (/wiki/Ginger_Zee) said "I do" to her NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) correspondent fiancé Ben Aaron with a Pnina Tornai dress. [22] (#cite_note-ginger-22) Real Housewife (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives) and actress NeNe Leakes (/wiki/NeNe_Leakes) remarried her husband wearing a Pnina Tornai wedding gown covered in Swarovski crystals. [23] (#cite_note-tami-23) Danielle Deleasa (/wiki/Danielle_Deleasa) Jonas, celebrated six-year wedding anniversary with her husband Kevin Jonas (/wiki/Kevin_Jonas) , a member of the Jonas Brothers (/wiki/Jonas_Brothers) , wearing a Pnina Tornai evening dress. [10] (#cite_note-People-10) Several movies and television shows have mentioned Tornai's works. Singer Ashanti (/wiki/Ashanti_(singer)) wore a Pnina Tornai dress on MTV (/wiki/MTV) 's TRL (/wiki/Total_Request_Live) . [24] (#cite_note-24) Kim Cattrall (/wiki/Kim_Cattrall) wore Tornai's wedding dress in the movie Sex and the City 2 (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Tornai's gowns have been photographed and featured in publications such as People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) Magazine, [9] (#cite_note-PeopleS-9) [10] (#cite_note-People-10) [22] (#cite_note-ginger-22) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) Fashion & Style Magazine, [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) Fashion Wire Daily , [11] (#cite_note-fashionwiredaily-11) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) (WWD) Fashion Magazine, [14] (#cite_note-wwd-14) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Magazine, [17] (#cite_note-glamour-17) Talking with Tami . [23] (#cite_note-tami-23) She has been interviewed by The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) Canada Style Magazine, [13] (#cite_note-huffpost-13) by Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) at Fox & Friends (/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends) TV show, [16] (#cite_note-foxfriends-16) by Fox Business (/wiki/Fox_Business_Network) , [26] (#cite_note-foxbusiness-26) by Fox News Radio (/wiki/Fox_News_Radio) [15] (#cite_note-foxradio-15) and by ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . [4] (#cite_note-abc-4) [20] (#cite_note-ABC-20) Her work has been seen on television in many episodes of TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) 's Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) [3] (#cite_note-SYTTD-3) [12] (#cite_note-pninaSYTTD-12) and on the fifth episode of the Love & Hip Hop (/wiki/Love_%26_Hip_Hop) Live web series "Yandy & Mendeecees Are Getting Married!" on VH1 (/wiki/VH1) . [5] (#cite_note-vh1-5) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i Kadesh, Avigayil (8 May 2011). "Every bride wants a Pnina Tornai" (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Pages/Every_bride_wants_Pnina_Tornai-May_2011.aspx) . mfa.gov.il website . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Retrieved 2 November 2011 . ^ a b c Kleinfeld Blog (4 November 2011). "Pearl's are a girl's best friend" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150815121840/http://www.kleinfeldbridal.com/blog.cfm?postid=1175&posttitle=The-2012-Pnina-Tornai-Collection) . kleinfeldbridal.com . Archived from the original (http://kleinfeldbridal.com/blog.cfm?postid=1175&posttitle=The-2012-Pnina-Tornai-Collection) on 15 August 2015 . Retrieved 9 November 2011 . ^ a b c Say Yes to the Dress. "Best of Pnina Tornai" (http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress/videos/best-of-pnina-tornai/?mkcpgn=twtlc3) . TLC . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b ABC News (8 July 2014). "Pnina Tornai Appears On 'What Would You Do?' (https://abcnews.go.com/WhatWouldYouDo/video/pnina-tornai-appears-24474268) " (https://abcnews.go.com/WhatWouldYouDo/video/pnina-tornai-appears-24474268) . ABC News . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ a b Carroll, Shirea L. (20 May 2015). "Love & Hip Hop Live: The Wedding – Get A First Glimpse At Yandy's Wedding Dress Choices" (https://www.vh1.com/news/iea2f5/love-hip-hop-live-the-wedding-get-a-first-glimpse-at-yandys-wedding-dress-choices) . VH1 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122101/https://www.vh1.com/news/iea2f5/love-hip-hop-live-the-wedding-get-a-first-glimpse-at-yandys-wedding-dress-choices) from the original on July 3, 2022 . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-bigbrother_6-0) Harkov, Lahav (20 March 2012). " (http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Big-Brother-contestants-testify-over-scandal) 'Big Brother' contestants testify over scandal" (http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Big-Brother-contestants-testify-over-scandal) . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 20 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-israel21c_7-0) Leichman, Abigail (11 May 2011). "And the bride wore...a Pnina Tornai dress" (https://www.israel21c.org/people/and-the-bride-wore-a-pnina-tornai-dress) . israel21c.org . Retrieved 10 November 2011 . ^ a b c La Ferla, Ruth (21 February 2008). "The Bride Wore Very Little" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/21/fashion/21brides.html?adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1317410271-D/V3YBXP+uMZkTDyVFuAyw) . The New York Times . Retrieved 10 November 2011 . ^ a b People style (2 September 2015). "How Amy Purdy Chose Her 'Angelic' Wedding Dress (EXCLUSIVE PHOTOS)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160206154426/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2015/09/02/amy-purdy-wedding-dress-exclusive-photos/) . People . Archived from the original (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2015/09/02/amy-purdy-wedding-dress-exclusive-photos/) on 6 February 2016 . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ a b c People style (23 December 2015). "Danielle Jonas Shops at Kleinfeld for Her Ultra-Glam Anniversary Gown - and Takes Us With Her" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035327/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2015/12/23/danielle-kevin-jonas-dress-shop-for-wedding-anniversary-date/) . People . Archived from the original (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2015/12/23/danielle-kevin-jonas-dress-shop-for-wedding-anniversary-date) on 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ a b c Goller, Simone (18 October 2011). "A Pearl: Pnina Tornai for Kleinfeld" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144603/http://www.fashionwiredaily.com/first_word/fashion/article.weml?id=3691) . Fashion Wire Daily . Archived from the original (http://www.fashionwiredaily.com/first_word/fashion/article.weml?id=3691) on 13 April 2014 . Retrieved 3 November 2011 . ^ a b TLC Shows. Say Yes to the Dress. About Pnina. "Pnina Tornai, Exclusive Kleinfeld Designer" (http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress/say-yes-to-the-dress-about-pnina.htm) . TLC . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b Tejada, Chloe (8 October 2014). "Pnina Tornai Talks Angelina Jolie's Wedding Dress And Who You Shouldn't Bring Gown Shopping" (http://m.huffpost.com/ca/entry/5947696) . The Huffington Post Canada . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ a b Feitelberg, Rosemary (12 October 2015). "Kevin Jonas, Devon Still Turn Up at Pnina Tornai" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kevin-jonas-devon-still-pnina-tornai-10260620/) . WWD . Retrieved 15 February 2016 . ^ a b Berger, Crystal (11 December 2015). "AFMW: Pnina Tornai, Fashion Designer and Star of Say Yes To The Dress" (http://radio.foxnews.com/2015/12/11/afmw-pnina-tornai-fashion-designer-and-star-of-say-yes-to-the-dress/) . Fox News Radio . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b Fox & Friends.Lifestyle expert from 'Say Yes to the Dress' shares advice (28 December 2015). "Tying the knot: Tips for engaged couples" (http://video.foxnews.com/v/4677511627001/tying-the-knot-tips-for-engaged-couples/?playlist_id=930909787001#sp=show-clips.) . Fox News . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b Fusaro, Kim (19 October 2015). "New Pnina Tornai Wedding Dresses: See a Real Bride Model 6 Hot-Off-the-Runway Gowns" (http://www.glamour.com/weddings/blogs/save-the-date/2015/10/pnina-tornai-wedding-dresses) . Glamour . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ministry_18-0) Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (18 October 2015). "Israeli fashion designers at New York Bridal show" (http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Lifestyle/Pages/Israeli-fashion-designers-at-New-York-Bridal-18-Oct-2015.aspx) . mfa.gov.il website . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fox5_19-0) Fox 5 (5 November 2015). "Bridal fashion show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170511033449/http://www.fox5ny.com/good-day/44892318-story.) . FOX 5 NY . Archived from the original (http://www.fox5ny.com/good-day/44892318-story.) on 11 May 2017 . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ a b Pflum, Mary (12 October 2015). "Pnina Tornai Premieres New Collection During Bridal Fashion Week" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/video/pnina-tornai-premieres-collection-bridal-fashion-week-34430688) . ABC News . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Player Wives (3 December 2013). "Kurt Busch's wife Eva Busch" (http://www.playerwives.com/nascar/kurt-buschs-wife-eva-busch/.) . Player Wives . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b Strohm, Emily (7 June 2014). "Ginger Zee Marries Ben Aaron" (http://www.people.com/article/ginger-zee-marries-ben-aaron) . People . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ a b Reed, Tami (15 September 2013). "Spotted: NeNe Leakes in Boracci & Pnina Tornai Gown Plus SuperTrailer Released!" (http://www.talkingwithtami.com/spotted-nene-leakes-in-boracci-pnina-tornai-gown-plus-supertrailer-released.) . Talking with Tami . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Stars shine. "Ashanti" (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/372743306632923696/) . Stars shine . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Celebrity (18 September 2009). "Wedding Bells Keep Ringing For the Ladies of SATC" (http://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Photos-Sarah-Jessica-Parker-Kim-Cattrall-Wedding-Dress-Set-Sex-City-2-NYC-5096179) . Popsugar . Retrieved 10 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-foxbusiness_26-0) Fox Business (18 January 2016). "Birkin a better investment than gold" (http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4710073348001/birkin-a-better-investment-than-gold/?#sp=show-clips) . Fox Business . Retrieved 16 February 2016 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.pninatornai.co.il/eng/) Kleinfeld Bridal (https://www.kleinfeldbridal.com/designers/pnina-tornai/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐8698f5b84d‐hr5zb Cached time: 20240717210422 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.513 seconds Real time usage: 0.666 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3025/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 54716/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2400/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 105693/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.326/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23284201/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 582.533 1 -total 33.51% 195.202 1 Template:Reflist 32.06% 186.740 1 Template:Infobox_person 29.02% 169.059 26 Template:Cite_web 16.81% 97.927 1 Template:Lang-he 11.26% 65.574 1 Template:Short_description 8.16% 47.532 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.43% 37.473 2 Template:Pagetype 6.39% 37.232 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 5.50% 32.048 18 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33302199-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717210422 and revision id 1235136201. 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A traditional-style Chinese wedding dress composed of pleated skirt with pendulum and a top Xiuhefu Type Traditional Chinese wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) in aoqun (/wiki/Ruqun) fashion Place of origin China (/wiki/China) Xiuhefu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 秀禾服 ) is a two-piece garment set of attire which was designed to look like a style of traditional Chinese wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) and follows the traditional Chinese yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) clothing system. The Xiuhefu is a modern recreation version of the Qing dynasty wedding aoqun (/wiki/Aoqun) , a form of Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , which was worn by the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women, [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) composed of a qun (/wiki/Qun) as lower garment and an ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) as an upper garment. [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) It was developed in modern China (/wiki/History_of_China) and became popular in 2001 when it was popularized by when Zhou Xun (/wiki/Zhou_Xun) , the actress who played the role of Xiu He, in the Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) Juzi Hongle ( 橘子紅了 ; 'Orange turned red'), thus gaining its contemporary name from name of the television drama character. [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) It is often confused with another traditional Chinese wedding dress known as qungua (/wiki/Qungua) due to their similarities in appearance. [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) Origins [ edit ] Precursors of the xiuhefu c. 19th century c. 1900 Wedding aoqun of the Qing dynasty The direct precursor of the Xiuhefu originated from the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) -style wedding aoqun (/wiki/Aoqun) which was worn by the Han Chinese women, [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) composed of a mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) (a specific type of qun (/wiki/Qun) ) as lower garment and an liling dajin (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Standing_collar_with_right_closure) changao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) as an upper garment. [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) In 2001, the prototype of the modern Xiuhefu was a guzhuang-style (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) wedding dress costume which was designed by costume designer Ye Jintian for the role of drama female character Xiu He, played by Chinese actress Zhou Xun (/wiki/Zhou_Xun) , in the 2002 Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) Juzi Hongle ( 橘子紅了 ), also known as Ripening Orange in English, [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) a drama set in the Republican era of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) . [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The wedding dress costume worn by Xiu He, thus, became known as Xiuhefu . [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) While basing himself on the clothing of the Qing dynasty, Ye Jintian, however, did not fully respected the historical accuracy of the dress and instead mixed several elements together from similar eras in his costume design. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) As it gives a feeling of dignity and beauty, the Xiuhefu designed by Ye Jintian became progressively popular and eventually became a form of wedding dress chosen by brides during their marriage. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) It especially became popular among several Chinese female celebrities. [8] (#cite_note-8) Construction and design [ edit ] A bride in Xiuhefu near Xiehemen In general, the design and construction of the Xiuhefu is not bound by any traditional clothing making rules. [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) However, as a set of attire, it follows the traditional yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) system being typically composed of a waist-length liling dajin (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Standing_collar_with_right_closure) ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , a form of ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) (a form of Chinese coat) which has front lapel overlapping across the chest and closing on the right side with a liling ( lit. 'standing collar'), and a long-length qun (/wiki/Qun) , which looks similar to a mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) as it is one of its derivative. [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) The upper garment is not always a liling dajin (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Standing_collar_with_right_closure) ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) ; it can also be a yuanling ao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , which is an ao with a round collar. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) The sleeves are horn sleeves, which are relatively wide; the sleeves can sometimes be double-layered. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Mamianqun [ edit ] The qun (/wiki/Qun) used in the Xiuhefu is influenced by the historical mamianqun of the Qing dynasty, especially those used in the late years of the Qing dynasty in the 1910s, [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) which was used as part of the bridal attire. [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) This wedding skirt is also called mamianqun . [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) The mamianqun used in the Xiuhefu can either be an A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) , pleated skirt [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) or a pleated circle skirt (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) . [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) [9] (#cite_note-:32-9) It has panels of flat fabric, which is embellished with decorative designs which uses an embroidery technique known as Chaoxiu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 潮绣 ; lit. 'Chao embroidery'). [3] (#cite_note-:27-3) Compared to the historical mamianqun which has qunmen ( 裙门 ; 'skirt door') or mamian ( 马面裙 ; 'horse face') created by the overlapping characteristics of the skirt, the flat and straight panels of fabric used in the Xiuhefu are added on top of the pleated skirt, like a pendulum; it can also have more than two visible flat panels. [1] (#cite_note-:02-1) [9] (#cite_note-:32-9) The skirt is long enough to touch the top of its wearer's feet. Embroidery [ edit ] See also: Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) The Xiuhefu is typically embroidered with flowers (e.g. peonies [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) ) and birds (e.g. peacocks [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) ) to symbolize love for whole seasons. [2] (#cite_note-:110-2) It can also be embroidered with pairs of butterflies, and auspicious Chinese characters. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Related content [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) See also [ edit ] Traditional Chinese wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) Traditional Chinese marriage (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Gallery [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Xiu He Fu | Traditional Chinese Wedding Costume" (https://www.jinweddings.com/xiu-he-fu) . Jin Weddings . Retrieved 2022-08-09 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Li, Yuling (2019). New meaning in traditional wedding dresses – Xiu He Fu and Long Feng Gua – in contemporary China / Li Yuling (masters thesis). University of Malaya. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g JNTT (2020-07-30). "SAME SAME BUT DIFFERENT" (https://www.theredwedding.com/post/same-same-but-different) . The Red Wedding . Retrieved 2022-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ju Zi Hong Le (Drama, History, Romance), Beijing Bainian Zhongshi Yingshi, 2001-07-08 , retrieved 2022-08-22 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ho, Wing Shan (2015). Screening post-1989 China : critical analysis of Chinese film and television (First ed.). New York, NY. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-51760-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 898206188 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/898206188) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b "Chinese wedding dresses: Are we wearing cultural heritage or inventions of film and television dramas?" (https://min.news/en/entertainment/a3a173a0210c59af7f6f85b0a8694ff9.html) . iMedia . 2022-08-18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "What is the difference between Xiuhefu and Fengguanxiapi?" (https://inf.news/en/culture/dec4593d68de6026d51ee84b36c32e0f.html) . iNews . 2022-08-18. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "3 Types of Wedding Dresses in Costume Dramas - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/32212.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2022-06-10 . Retrieved 2022-08-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Xiuhe cheongsam, a wedding dress, Xu Yishiqing" (https://inf.news/en/fashion/4f55841e1f60426c3cda9b00139756cb.html) . iNews . 2021-02-17. 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(Redirected from Edwin Hardy Amies (/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Hardy_Amies&redirect=no) ) English fashion designer This article is about the fashion designer. For the fashion house he founded, see Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) . Amies in October 1961. Sir Edwin Hardy Amies KCVO (/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order) (17 July 1909 – 5 March 2003) was a British fashion designer, founder of the Hardy Amies label (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) and a Royal Warrant holder as designer to Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . Early life [ edit ] Hardy Amies was born Edwin Amies on 17 July 1909 in Maida Vale (/wiki/Maida_Vale) , London. His father was an architect for the London County Council (/wiki/London_County_Council) . His mother was a saleswoman for Madame Gray at Machinka & May, London, and then Madame Durant on Dover Street, London. In his teens, he adopted his mother's maiden name, Hardy—and always cited her as the inspiration for his chosen professional path. Pre-War career [ edit ] Amies was educated at Brentwood School, Essex (/wiki/Brentwood_School,_Essex) , leaving in 1927. Although his father wanted him to attend Cambridge University (/wiki/Cambridge_University) , it was then his ambition to become a journalist. His father relented and arranged for a meeting between his son and R. D. Blumenfeld (/wiki/R._D._Blumenfeld) , the editor of the Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) . His father was mortified when Blumenfeld suggested his son travel around Europe to gain some worldly experience. Amies spent three years in France and Germany, learning the languages, working for a Customs Agent (/wiki/Customs_officer) and then as an English-language tutor in Antibes (/wiki/Antibes) in France and later Bendorf (/wiki/Bendorf) in Germany. Amies returned to England where, in 1930, he became a sales assistant in a ceramic wall-tile (/wiki/Tile) factory. After that, he secured a trainee position as a weight machine (/wiki/Weighing_scale) salesman with W & T Avery Ltd. (/wiki/W_%26_T_Avery_Ltd.) in Birmingham. It was Amies' mother's contacts in the fashion world, and his flair for writing, that secured him his first job in fashion. It was his vivid description of a dress, written in a letter to a retired French seamstress, that brought Hardy to the attention of the owner of the Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) couture house Lachasse (/wiki/Lachasse) on Farm Street, Berkeley Square (/wiki/Berkeley_Square) , as the wearer of the dress was the owner's wife. He became managing director, in 1934, at the age of 25. His most notable innovation during this epoch was to lower the waistline of women's suits. He placed it at the top of the hip instead of at the natural waistline, giving a more feminine look. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 1937, he scored his first success with a Linton tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) suit in sage green with a cerise overcheck called "Panic". "Panic" was to be his debut into the fashion bible Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) , photographed by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) . By the late 1930s, Hardy was designing the entire Lachasse collection – succeeding Digby Morton (/wiki/Digby_Morton) . [2] (#cite_note-FE_Woram-2) His second celebration creation was "Made in England", a biscuit-coloured checked suit for the Hollywood ingénue Mildred Shay (/wiki/Mildred_Shay) . He left Lachasse in 1939 and joined the House of Worth (/wiki/House_of_Worth) in 1941. Second World War [ edit ] At the outbreak of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , with his language experience, Amies was called to serve in the Special Operations Executive (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) (SOE). He was commissioned as a second lieutenant (/wiki/Second_lieutenant) from Officer Cadet Training Company on to the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) General List (/wiki/General_List) on 18 May 1940. [3] (#cite_note-3) He was transferred from the General List (/wiki/General_List) to the Intelligence Corps (/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)) on 15 July 1940. [4] (#cite_note-4) Amies suspected that SOE's commander Major General (/wiki/Major_General) Colin Gubbins (/wiki/Colin_Gubbins) did not regard a dressmaker as suitable military material; but his training report stated: [5] (#cite_note-TelgSOE-5) This officer is far tougher both physically and mentally than his rather precious appearance would suggest. He possesses a keen brain and an abundance of shrewd sense. His only handicap is his precious appearance and manner, and these are tending to decrease. Posted to Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) , Amies worked with the various Belgian resistance groups (/wiki/Resistance_group) and adapted names of fashion accessories for use as code words, while he organised sabotage (/wiki/Sabotage) assignments and arranged for agents to be parachuted with radio equipment behind enemy lines, into the Ardennes (/wiki/Ardennes) . Amies rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel (/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel) , [6] (#cite_note-6) but outraged his superiors in 1944 by engaging famed photographer Lee Miller (/wiki/Lee_Miller) and setting up a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) photo shoot in Belgium after D-Day (/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy) . [5] (#cite_note-TelgSOE-5) In 1946, he was knighted in Belgium, being made an Officer of the Order of the Crown (/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)) on 17 September 1948 by the prince regent (/wiki/Prince_Charles,_Count_of_Flanders) of Belgium. Amies was an integral part of Operation Ratweek (/wiki/Operation_Ratweek) , an assassination project developed by SOE (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) to eliminate double agents (/wiki/Double_agent) and Nazi sympathizers in Belgium. In 2000, a BBC 2 (/wiki/BBC_2) documentary entitled Secret Agent named Amies as one of the men who helped to plan the killing of dozens of Nazi collaborators (/wiki/Collaborationism) , but Amies disclaimed all knowledge of the matter. [7] (#cite_note-7) Amies was quirky, yet conservative; for example, having his British Army (/wiki/British_Army) uniform tailored on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . Years later, Hardy recalled that Kim Philby (/wiki/Kim_Philby) was in his mess (/wiki/Mess) ; and, on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of me—most significantly the name of my tailor." Hardy Amies Ltd: № 14 Savile Row [ edit ] Main article: Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) In late 1945, Virginia (/wiki/Virginia_Cherrill) , Countess of Jersey (/wiki/George_Child-Villiers,_9th_Earl_of_Jersey#Marriages_and_issue) , who had been a client during his tenure at Lachasse, financed Hardy Amies' move to 14 Savile Row. The following January, Amies established his own couture fashion house (/wiki/Couturier) business: Hardy Amies Ltd. Although Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) is the home of English bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) tailoring, the Hardy Amies brand became known for its classic and beautifully tailored clothes for both men and women. Hardy's business quickly took off in the postwar years when customers, who had been deprived of couture for the preceding years, snapped up his elegant, traditional designs. Hardy was quoted at the time as saying, "A woman's day clothes must look equally good at Salisbury Station (/wiki/Salisbury_railway_station) as the Ritz Bar (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris#Bars) ". Amies was Vice-Chairman of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (/wiki/Incorporated_Society_of_London_Fashion_Designers) (1954–56) and chairman (1959–60). Starting in 1946, [8] (#cite_note-8) the fashion house was located at 14 Savile Row. It changed ownership several times over the course of its history. In 1950, Amies established a ready-to-wear boutique with suits, sweaters, coats and accessories. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2018, the company went into administration for a second time and was attempting to sell its assets in 2019. The Savile Row store was closed in March 2019 and the space taken over by Hackett London (/wiki/Hackett_London) in June as its flagship store. The Label is continuing to prosper in Australia (/wiki/Australia) . The brand is run by Austico apparel and has an online presence. [a] (#cite_note-9) Their products are available at Hardy & Harper, David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_(retailer)) , and other private retailers across Australia. [9] (#cite_note-10) [10] (#cite_note-11) Commercial success [ edit ] Amies was successful in business by being able to extract value from his designs, while not replicating his brand to the point of exploitation. In 1959, Amies was one of the first European designers to venture into the ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) market when he teamed up with Hepworth & Son (/wiki/Next_plc#History) to design a range of menswear. In 1961, Amies made fashion history by staging the first men's ready-to-wear catwalk (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) shows, at the Savoy Hotel (/wiki/Savoy_Hotel) , London. The runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) show was a first on many levels, as it was both the first time music was played and that the designer accompanied models on the catwalk. Menswear designing [ edit ] In 1959, Amies was one of the first women's couturiers to design for men. He used to be more conservative than other menswear designers. His designs were characterized by an emphasis on youthful and rich-looking clothing. He signed numerous licensing agreements to produce popular garments in various countries. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Sports [ edit ] Amies also undertook design for in-house work wear, which developed from designing special clothes for the England 1966 World Cup (/wiki/1966_World_Cup) team, the 1972 British Olympic squad (/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics) , [11] (#cite_note-BBCBank-12) and such groups as the Oxford University Boat Club (/wiki/Oxford_University_Boat_Club) and the London Stock Exchange (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) . In the mid-1970s, he ventured into interior design, including designs for Crown Wallpaper (/wiki/Crown_Wallpaper) . Films [ edit ] In 1967, Amies was commissioned by director Stanley Kubrick (/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick) to design the costumes for 2001: A Space Odyssey (/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)) (1968). [12] (#cite_note-13) Amies' work was seen in a handful of other films of the 1960s: He dressed Albert Finney (/wiki/Albert_Finney) in Two for the Road (/wiki/Two_for_the_Road_(1967_film)) (1967), Tony Randall (/wiki/Tony_Randall) in The Alphabet Murders (/wiki/The_Alphabet_Murders) (1965), Joan Greenwood (/wiki/Joan_Greenwood) in The Amorous Prawn (/wiki/The_Amorous_Prawn) (1962), and Deborah Kerr (/wiki/Deborah_Kerr) in The Grass is Greener (/wiki/The_Grass_is_Greener) (1960). Queen Elizabeth II [ edit ] Amies is best known to the British public for his work for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . The association began in 1950, when Amies made several outfits for the then-Princess Elizabeth's royal tour of Canada (/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada#Elizabeth_II) . In 1955, the queen appointed him as one of her three official dressmakers. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) He established the monarch's crisp, understated style of dress. "I don't think she feels clothes which are too chic are exactly very friendly," he told one fashion editor (/wiki/Fashion_editor) . "The Queen's attitude is that she must always dress for the occasion". Knighted (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) in 1989, Amies held the warrant until 1990, when he gave it up so that younger designers could create for the Queen, although the House of Hardy Amies was still designing for her under Design Director Jon Moore until 2002. ABC of Men's Fashion [ edit ] Having written a regular column for Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) on men's fashion, in 1964, Amies published the book ABC of Men's Fashion . Amies's strict male dress code included commandments on everything from socks to the summer wardrobe. [13] (#cite_note-ABCGuard-14) When, in July 2009, the Hardy Amies Designer Archive was opened on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) reissued the book. [13] (#cite_note-ABCGuard-14) [14] (#cite_note-VicAlb-15) He stated, "A man should look as if he has bought his clothes with intelligence, put them on with care and then forgotten all about them." In 1974, Amies was entered into the Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) International Best Dressed List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List) Hall of Fame. [15] (#cite_note-16) Later life [ edit ] In May 1973, Hardy Amies Ltd. was sold to Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) , which had already purchased Hepworths who distributed the Hardy Amies line. In 1981, Amies purchased the business back. In May 2001, Amies sold his business to the Luxury Brands Group and retired at the end of the year, when Moroccan-born designer Jacques Azagury became head of couture. In November 2008, after going bankrupt, [11] (#cite_note-BBCBank-12) the Hardy Amies brand was acquired by Fung Capital, the private investment arm of Victor (/wiki/Victor_Fung) and William Fung (/wiki/William_Fung) , who together control the Li & Fung (/wiki/Li_%26_Fung) Group. [16] (#cite_note-17) Honours [ edit ] He received the 1939–1945 Star (/wiki/1939%E2%80%931945_Star) , the France and Germany Star (/wiki/France_and_Germany_Star) , the Defence Medal (/wiki/Defence_Medal_(United_Kingdom)) and the War Medal (/wiki/War_Medal_1939%E2%80%931945) for service with the Special Operations Executive (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) (KCVO) awarded 17 June 1989. [17] (#cite_note-18) Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) (CVO) awarded 10 June 1977. [18] (#cite_note-19) He was made an Officer of the Order of the Crown (/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)) by the Kingdom of Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) awarded 17 September 1948. [19] (#cite_note-20) Personal life [ edit ] Initially discreet about his homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality) , Amies became more candid in his old age and, when speaking of Sir Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) , another renowned dressmaker to the Queen, he commented: "It's quite simple. He was a silly old queen and I'm a clever old queen." [20] (#cite_note-21) Amies and his partner, Ken Fleetwood, Design Director of Hardy Amies Ltd, were together for 43 years until Fleetwood's death in 1996. Amies died at home in 2003, aged 93. He is buried in the village churchyard at Langford, Oxfordshire (/wiki/Langford,_Oxfordshire) . [21] (#cite_note-22) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) hardyamies.com.au References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kellogg, Ann (2002). In an influential fashion : an encyclopedia of nineteenth-and twentieth-century fashion designers and retailers who transformed dress . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 6. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-31220-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 47216469 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47216469) . ^ (#cite_ref-FE_Woram_2-0) Woram, Catherine. "Morton, Digby" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ma-Mu/Morton-Digby.html) . fashionencyclopedia.com . Fashion Encyclopedia . Retrieved 6 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "No. 34855" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34855/supplement/3101) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 21 May 1940. p. 3101. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "No. 35046" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35046/supplement/397) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 17 January 1941. p. 397. ^ Jump up to: a b Day, Peter (29 April 2003). "How secret agent Hardy Amies stayed in Vogue during the war" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1428645/How-secret-agent-Hardy-Amies-stayed-in-Vogue-during-the-war.html) . London: The Telegraph . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cole, Shaun (2003). Amies, Sir Hardy (1909-2003) (http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/am_z_ies_h_A.pdf) Article for glbtq Encyclopedia (/wiki/Glbtq.com) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lister, David (24 August 2000). "Queen's tailor Hardy Amies was a wartime hitman" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/queens-tailor-hardy-amies-was-a-wartime-hitman-710804.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . London . Retrieved 20 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) The Daily Telegraph (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/7533975/Hardy-Amies-Queens-favourite-dressmaker-abandons-to-its-heritage.html) Hardy Amies: Queen's favorite dressmaker 'abandons its heritage' ^ (#cite_ref-10) https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2019/06/hackett-flagship-replace-hardy-amies-londons-savile-row/ (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2019/06/hackett-flagship-replace-hardy-amies-londons-savile-row/) , Hackett flagship to replace Hardy Amies on Savile Row ^ (#cite_ref-11) https://www.drapersonline.com/news/hardy-amies-savile-row-store-closes (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/hardy-amies-savile-row-store-closes) , Exclusive: Hardy Amies Savile Row store closes ^ Jump up to: a b "No rescue for Hardy Amies company" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7664113.stm) . BBC News. 10 October 2008 . Retrieved 8 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hardy Amies (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0024868/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ Jump up to: a b Chilvers, Simon (31 July 2009). "How to dress like Hardy Amies" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-style-advice) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-VicAlb_15-0) "Hardy Amies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090504111734/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) . Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) . Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) on 4 May 2009 . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Best Dressed Men (http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_men) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120601052941/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_men) 1 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Hardy Amies UK stores to close following sale to Fung Capital" (http://www.retail-week.com/hardy-amies-uk-stores-to-close-following-sale-to-fung-capital/1920101.article) . Retail Week. 11 November 2008 . Retrieved 8 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "No. 51772" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/51772/page/4) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) . 16 June 1989. p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "No. 47234" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/47234/supplement/7084) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 10 June 1977. p. 7084. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "No. 38459" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38459/supplement/6061) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 16 November 1948. p. 6061. ^ (#cite_ref-21) John Ezard, 'Death of the Queen's couturier', The Guardian , 6 March 2003 [1] (https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/mar/06/monarchy.johnezard) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons , 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 1102). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. External links [ edit ] Hardy Amies (http://hardyamies.com.au/) Official website Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20110226063150/http://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/080422-hardy-amies-biography.aspx) designer profile at Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Hardy Amies Style Advice (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-style-advice) article at The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) Hardy Amies' Guide to Men's Fashion (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-guide-mens-fashion) reviewed inside The Guardian Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20090504111734/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) at the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134856/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/175035/Hardy-Amies/biography) designer profile at the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) Hardy Amies (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1098069.ece) obituary at The Times (/wiki/The_Times) Hardy Amies (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0024868/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Further reading [ edit ] Here Lived… , Cambridge, 1948. Just So Far , London, 1954. The ABC of Men's Fashion , London, 1964. Still Here , London, 1984. The Englishman's Suit , London, 1994. Hardy Amies . Michael Pick. ACC Publications, 2012. 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British photographer (1929–1979) John Cowan Born John Anthony Cowan ( 1929-04-22 ) 22 April 1929 Gillingham, Kent (/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent) , England (/wiki/England) Died 26 September 1979 (1979-09-26) (aged 50) Nationality British (/wiki/British_nationality_law) Known for Photography (/wiki/Photography) John Anthony Cowan (22 April 1929 – 26 September 1979) [1] (#cite_note-NPG-1) was a British fashion photographer (/wiki/Fashion_photographer) known for his dynamic photographic style when picturing the fashion icons of 1960s London. Early life [ edit ] John Anthony Cowan was born on 22 April 1929 at Gillingham, Kent (/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent) , the only child of Irving Cowan and his wife, Elizabeth Edith Cowan (née Cobley). [2] (#cite_note-ODNB-2) Career [ edit ] Flying High , 1966, exemplifies Cowan's energetic photographic style. Cowan was known for his dynamic photographic style which reflected the energetic atmosphere of 1960s Swinging London (/wiki/Swinging_London) . The Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) say, "John Cowan ... epitomised the playful, graphically dynamic style of commercial photography practised in London during the period. His partnership with model and photographer Jill Kennington (/wiki/Jill_Kennington) sparked an exciting period of high-octane image-making for numerous magazines." [3] (#cite_note-V&A-3) Among the magazines and newspapers Cowan worked for were Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Queen (/wiki/Queen_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) , the Sunday Times (/wiki/Sunday_Times) , the Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) and the Sunday Express (/wiki/Sunday_Express) , the Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) , and the Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . [2] (#cite_note-ODNB-2) Cowan's London studio was one of the main sets for Michelangelo Antonioni (/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni) 's 1966 film Blow-Up (/wiki/Blowup) [4] (#cite_note-Van-4) and Cowan was one of the photographers, with David Bailey (/wiki/David_Bailey) , Terence Donovan (/wiki/Terence_Donovan_(photographer)) , Brian Duffy (/wiki/Brian_Duffy_(photographer)) and others, who were used to create the composite character of Thomas in the film. [4] (#cite_note-Van-4) Cowan's energy and unconventional approach inspired the memorable scene in Blow-Up where David Hemmings as Thomas kneels over Veruschka as he photographs her. In a 2011 interview for Vanity Fair , Kennington commented "The David Hemmings–and-Veruschka scene for Blow-Up was pure Cowan. Antonioni must have seen him working—I never saw anyone else take pictures quite that way. The shooting on the floor downwards, completely fluid, unhindered by tripods, etc., was typical Cowan." [4] (#cite_note-Van-4) Kennington recalled the physical nature of her shoots with Cowan, saying "he clambered anywhere, including onto his Land Rover roof, to achieve a great angle. Luckily, I was born a mountain goat, and many photographic adventures involved jumping or hanging off buildings." According to the Daily Telegraph (/wiki/Daily_Telegraph) , the Hemmings–and-Veruschka scene "came to symbolise the film". [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) Personal life [ edit ] Cowan was married twice. His first wife was a nurse, Joyce Gordon (b. 1929). They married in June 1950 at Bearstead, Kent, and their daughter Nicola was born on 13 July 1954. They divorced in 1954. [2] (#cite_note-ODNB-2) On 19 September 1959, Cowan married his second wife, Sydney Smith (b. 1934), and they separated in February 1963 and divorced on 4 July 1967. They had three daughters: Carolyn Cowan (/wiki/Carolyn_Cowan) (born 7 February 1960, therapist, fashion designer and photographer), Atalanta (born 20 June 1962, who married Philip Knatchbull, son of John, Baron Brabourne (/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne) , and his wife Patricia, Countess Mountbatten of Burma (/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma) , and is the mother of Daisy Knatchbull (/wiki/Daisy_Knatchbull) ) and Justine (born 31 July 1963). [2] (#cite_note-ODNB-2) On 26 September 1979, he died of cancer in East Hagbourne (/wiki/East_Hagbourne) , Oxfordshire. [2] (#cite_note-ODNB-2) Books [ edit ] Dahlgren, Anna (2020). Fashioned in the North: Nordic Histories, Agents and Images of Fashion Photography . Nordic Academic Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789188661937 . Quant, Mary (2011). Mary Quant: My Autobiography . Headline Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780755360178 . Further reading [ edit ] Garner, Philippe. (/wiki/Philippe_Garner) (1999) John Cowan: Through the Light Barrier. Schirmer/Mosel. Selected exhibitions and shows [ edit ] ‘Swinging Sixties London: Photography in the Capital of Cool Past’ an exhibition at FOAM Museum in Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) (2015). [6] (#cite_note-Foam-6) ‘Mary Quant’ an exhibition at The V & A Museum in London (/wiki/London) (2019, 2020). [7] (#cite_note-Quant-7) ‘John Cowan’ photographs are part of an ongoing collection at the National Portrait Gallery in London (/wiki/London) . [8] (#cite_note-National-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-NPG_1-0) John Cowan: National Portrait Gallery – Person – John Cowan (http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp61947/john-cowan) , accessdate: 27/08/2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e oxforddnb.com: Oxford DNB article: Cowan, John Anthony (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/74936?docPos=2) , accessdate: 27 August 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-V&A_3-0) V&A Search the Collections: What happens when a photographer plans to shoot swimsuits outdoors and it rains?, 1963 | Cowan, John | V&A Search the Collections (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O98687/what-happens-when-a-photographer-photograph-cowan-john/) , accessdate: 28 August 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c Photos: Antonioni's Blow-Up and Swinging 1960s London. (http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/04/the-making-of-blow-up-201104_slideshow_item3_4) Philippe Garner & Jill Kennington, Vanity Fair , 15 April 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_5-0) Blanchard, Tamsin (12 November 2010). "Blow-Up is still a blast" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-blog/8126389/Blow-Up-is-still-a-blast.html) . Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 3 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Foam_6-0) "Swinging Sixties London" (http://foam.org/museum/programme/swinging-sixties-london) . Foam.org . Retrieved 20 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Quant_7-0) "Mary Quant" (http://vam.ac.uk/exhibitions/mary-quant) . VAM.ac.uk . Retrieved 10 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-National_8-0) "Cowan" (http://npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp61947/john-cowan) . npg.org.uk . Retrieved 5 June 2020 . External links [ edit ] Photographs by John Cowan (https://web.archive.org/web/20121127110513/http://www.corbisimages.com/Search#pg=john+cowan) at Corbis (/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/404682/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000083583504) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/13165015) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMxdmD8RQybcxXg3fXh3) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/121483088) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97860215) Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/387566) RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/402651) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐k6lw7 Cached time: 20240624023615 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.359 seconds Real time usage: 0.486 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2261/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20920/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1678/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28866/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.262/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5759844/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 451.988 1 -total 35.69% 161.325 1 Template:Infobox_artist 18.55% 83.862 1 Template:Authority_control 17.13% 77.436 2 Template:Cite_book 15.68% 70.886 1 Template:Short_description 8.98% 40.606 2 Template:Pagetype 7.51% 33.960 1 Template:Reflist 7.24% 32.717 18 Template:Main_other 5.91% 26.729 1 Template:Birth_date 4.68% 21.170 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43676293-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624023615 and revision id 1145007919. 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Children's clothing (/wiki/Children%27s_clothing) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Children's clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐xjmjr Cached time: 20240721104757 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.072 seconds Real time usage: 0.108 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 150/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3077/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.039/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180324/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 94.208 1 -total 61.47% 57.907 1 Template:Commons_category 59.29% 55.860 1 Template:Sister_project 57.36% 54.034 1 Template:Side_box 38.41% 36.183 1 Template:Cat_main 34.20% 32.222 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5114113-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721104757 and revision id 928321376. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. B Children's clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing_brands) (1 C, 23 P) C Children's clothing designers (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing_designers) (14 P) Children's clothing retailers (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing_retailers) (8 P) Children's underwear (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_underwear) (1 C, 6 P) I Infants' clothing (/wiki/Category:Infants%27_clothing) (1 C, 17 P) Pages in category "Children's clothing" The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Children's clothing (/wiki/Children%27s_clothing) A Alice band (/wiki/Alice_band) B Baby bumper headguard cap (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Bib (garment) (/wiki/Bib_(garment)) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Bonnet (headgear) (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Breeching (boys) (/wiki/Breeching_(boys)) Buster Brown suit (/wiki/Buster_Brown_suit) C Cloth diaper (/wiki/Cloth_diaper) Coif (/wiki/Coif) D Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) F Fauntleroy suit (/wiki/Fauntleroy_suit) G Gymslip (/wiki/Gymslip) K Kkachi durumagi (/wiki/Kkachi_durumagi) L Limited Too (/wiki/Limited_Too) Little Lord Fauntleroy (/wiki/Little_Lord_Fauntleroy) P Peter Pan collar (/wiki/Peter_Pan_collar) R Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) S Sailor dress (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Sailor suit (/wiki/Sailor_suit) School uniform (/wiki/School_uniform) School uniforms by country (/wiki/School_uniforms_by_country) Skeleton suit (/wiki/Skeleton_suit) T T-bar sandal (/wiki/T-bar_sandal) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Children%27s_clothing&oldid=928321376 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Children%27s_clothing&oldid=928321376) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Childhood (/wiki/Category:Childhood) Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) |
Beauty YouTuber and activist Nyma Tang Born Gambela (/wiki/Gambela_(city)) , Ethiopia Occupation Beauty vlogger (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) YouTube information Channel Nyma Tang (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCroDJPcFCf6DBmHns6Xeb8g) Years active 2013–present Genres Vlog (/wiki/Vlog) makeup (/wiki/Makeup) beauty (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) Subscribers 1.34 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsNyma_Tang-1) Total views 157.19 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsNyma_Tang-1) Creator Awards (/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards) 100,000 subscribers 1,000,000 subscribers Last updated: 14 Jul 2022 Nyma Tang ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ n i m ə ˈ t æ ŋ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ) is an American beauty vlogger (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) and activist against discrimination based on skin color (/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_color) and best known for her YouTube channel (/wiki/YouTube_channel) of the same name. She gained online popularity in 2017 for her YouTube series The Darkest Shade , in which she reviews the darkest shades of products from different makeup brands and highlights the under-representation of deeper skin tones in the beauty industry. Early life [ edit ] Tang was born in Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) to South Sudanese (/wiki/South_Sudan) parents; [2] (#cite_note-2) her native language is Nuer (/wiki/Nuer_language) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She is the oldest of seven sisters and her family moved to the US when she was three years old. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) She has spoken openly about her experiences of bullying at school due to her skin colour. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) She started training as a nurse (/wiki/Nursing) before dropping out at 21 to become a full time beauty vlogger. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Career [ edit ] Tang's interest in makeup was sparked after watching America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , where she saw Black women models being publicly celebrated for this first time. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) She started her Youtube channel when she was 25 years old and in 2017, she began recording the series The Darkest Shade , in which she reviews the darkest shades of products from different makeup brands. [7] (#cite_note-7) She uses this series and her platform to help women with darker skin tones find good matches in various makeup products, to educate people about colourism (/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_color) and to lobby cosmetics brands to make more inclusive shade ranges. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) On her channel, she has also shared her experiences with natural hair. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2018, Tang created her own shade of MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) lipstick called 'Nyma Tang'. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) She has collaborated on sponsored content with brands like Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) , Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) and Pat McGrath (/wiki/Pat_McGrath_(make-up_artist)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Awards [ edit ] Year Title Award Nominated work Result 2018 (/wiki/10th_Shorty_Awards) Shorty Awards (/wiki/Shorty_Awards) Best in Beauty Herself Won [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "About Nyma Tang" (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCroDJPcFCf6DBmHns6Xeb8g/about) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Strugatz, Rachel (April 2, 2019). "The Shady Truth About Inclusive Beauty (And How Brands Can Improve)" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/the-shady-truth-about-inclusive-beauty-and-how-brands-can-improve) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Manning, Charles (November 19, 2019). "Nyma Tang on What the Beauty Industry Still Gets Wrong About Dark Skin" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/nyma-tang/) . Daily Front Row . Retrieved July 23, 2020 . I try to use my native language, Neur, [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] whenever I am home ^ Jump up to: a b Pina, Tanisha (March 6, 2020). "Nyma Tang Is The Influencer We Need — Whether Or Not We Deserve Her" (https://www.nylon.com/life/nyma-tang-beauty-youtube) . Nylon . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Connell, Alle. "Nyma Tang tries the darkest shades in makeup for an important reason" (https://www.revelist.com/bloggers/nyma-tang/8404) . Revelist.com . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Manning, Charles (November 19, 2019). "Nyma Tang on What the Beauty Industry Still Gets Wrong About Dark Skin" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/nyma-tang/) . Daily Front Row . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gant, Essence (July 20, 2017). "This Dark-Skinned Beauty Vlogger Had To Go To Four Stores To Find Her Shade And It Was Still Too Light" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/essencegant/this-beauty-vlogger-tried-the-darkest-shade-in-mul) . BuzzFeed . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Narasaki, Rosie (April 4, 2017). "A woman reviewed the darkest shades of makeup to make a powerful statement about the beauty industry" (https://www.businessinsider.com/beauty-blogger-challenging-the-beauty-industry-2017-7) . Business Insider . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Abelman, Devon (July 18, 2017). "This Woman Tests the Darkest Shades of Foundation From Different Brands to Show How Inclusive They Really Are" (https://www.allure.com/story/nyma-tang-the-darkest-shade) . Allure . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Evans, Shalwah. "Beauty Guru Nyma Tang Does A Style Tutorial For Low Porosity Natural Hair" (https://www.essence.com/hair/nyma-tang-natural-hair-tutorial/) . Essence . Retrieved June 21, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) McMeekin, Samantha (January 19, 2018). "Remember that blogger who couldn't find a foundation dark enough for her skin tone? She made her own lipstick with MAC" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/nyma-tang-mac-lipstick) . Glamour UK . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Decker, Megan (September 13, 2018). "This MAC x Nyma Tang Lipstick Will Replace Your Ruby Woo" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/09/209831/nyma-tang-red-mac-lipstick-launch) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Nyma Tang Finally Revealed Her MAC Collab, And You Can Buy It Now" (https://www.revelist.com/beauty-news-/nyma-tang-mac-lipstick/13480) . Revelist.com . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hardy, Alyssa (January 24, 2018). "This Vlogger Is Teaming Up With MAC to Make Your "Dream Red" Lipstick" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/mac-cosmetics-nyma-tang-dream-red-lipstick) . Teen Vogue . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Beauty Vlogger Nyma Tang Shares What the Industry Still Gets Wrong About Inclusivity" (https://www.createcultivate.com/blog/beauty-nyma-tang-create-cultivate-100) . Create + Cultivate . January 20, 2020 . Retrieved June 21, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Pat McGrath Skin Fetish Review || Nyma Tang" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8M6fGG6lRk) . Youtube . Retrieved June 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Best in Beauty" (https://shortyawards.com/10th/nymatang#menu) . Shorty Awards . Retrieved June 19, 2020 . External links [ edit ] The Darkest Shade YouTube NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7c8d5dd4db‐tfxzc Cached time: 20240708182508 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.427 seconds Real time usage: 0.547 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3353/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42456/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3807/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72279/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.248/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7778245/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 516.004 1 -total 54.46% 281.015 1 Template:Infobox_person 38.90% 200.729 1 Template:Infobox_YouTube_personality 37.73% 194.676 1 Template:Infobox 28.20% 145.533 17 Template:Cite_web 20.26% 104.562 8 Template:Br_separated_entries 16.72% 86.251 1 Template:Reflist 13.78% 71.108 1 Template:Short_description 8.43% 43.500 2 Template:Pagetype 7.22% 37.242 2 Template:Flatlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64340542-0!canonical and timestamp 20240708182508 and revision id 1210878515. 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Fashion To Figure Company type Privately held (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail Founded 2002 Founder Michael Kaplan Nicholas Kaplan Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Number of locations 26 (as of 2016) Key people Michael Kaplan, CEO Nicholas Kaplan, COO Frances Freixas, Chief Merchant Products Plus-size clothing (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) , related accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Website www (http://www.FTF.com) .ftf (http://www.FTF.com) .com (http://www.FTF.com) Fashion To Figure is a United States (/wiki/United_States) retailer focusing on plus-size clothing (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) and related accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . In November 2017, its parent company, B. Lane Inc., filed for bankruptcy. [1] (https://www.chainstoreage.com/finance-0/plus-size-womens-apparel-retailer-sets-liquidation-sales/) Founding [ edit ] Fashion To Figure was co-founded by brothers Michael and Nicholas Kaplan, two of Lena Bryant (/wiki/Lena_Himmelstein) 's great-grandsons. [1] (#cite_note-HBS-1) Their father, Steven, was president of Lane Bryant (/wiki/Lane_Bryant) until the company was sold to The Limited Inc. (/wiki/The_Limited) in 1982. [2] (#cite_note-record-2) Nicholas Kaplan previously served as a Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) department manager and buyer, general merchandise manager at Bluefly, and co-founder of the Designer Warehouse liquidation chain. [3] (#cite_note-WWD-3) [2] (#cite_note-record-2) Michael Kaplan served as an analyst at Lazard (/wiki/Lazard) and co-founded an online shopping community for plus-sized women with RRE Ventures (/wiki/RRE_Ventures) . [3] (#cite_note-WWD-3) The Kaplan brothers grew up hearing stories about how their widowed great-grandmother supported herself by selling the first maternity (/wiki/Maternity_clothing) and full-figure dresses available to American women, which inspired them to carry on their family's tradition. [4] (#cite_note-record2-4) Expansion & Locations [ edit ] The first Fashion To Figure store opened at the Palisades Center Mall (/wiki/Palisades_Center_Mall) in West Nyack, New York (/wiki/West_Nyack,_New_York) in October 2004. [1] (#cite_note-HBS-1) The second store opened in 2005 at the Livingston Mall (/wiki/Livingston_Mall) in Livingston, New Jersey (/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey) . [5] (#cite_note-rockland-5) By 2011, the store opened in seven locations in New York and New Jersey. Two more stores were opened in 2011. The company launched its online store in 2010. The store targets women and teenagers sized 12 to 26. [3] (#cite_note-WWD-3) The chain is named after famous a quote by Lena Bryant (/wiki/Lena_Himmelstein) , founder of the plus-sized women's clothing chain. Asked in 1950 by a Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazine interviewer about the secret of her success, Bryant said, "You should never ask women to conform their figures to fashion, but rather bring fashion to the figure." [1] (#cite_note-HBS-1) [5] (#cite_note-rockland-5) Fashion To Figure is not a vertically integrated (/wiki/Vertical_integration) retailer, [6] (#cite_note-chainstore-6) but sources its inventory from more than one hundred vendors. [5] (#cite_note-rockland-5) The company's CEO, Michael Kaplan, believes this allows it to provide plus-sized consumers with more choices. [6] (#cite_note-chainstore-6) In 2010, Fashion To Figure opened a store in the Cross County Shopping Center (/wiki/Cross_County_Shopping_Center) co-branded with P.S. and Wet Seal (/wiki/Wet_Seal) . It was later demolished in 2017 for Ulta Beauty (/wiki/Ulta_Beauty) and Sprint (/wiki/Sprint_Corporation) . As of March 29, Fashion to Figure stores has reported that it had to let 263 employees go due to store closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. [7] (#cite_note-7) Bankruptcy [ edit ] In November 2017, Fashion To Figure's parent company, B. Lane Inc., filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. [2] (https://www.chainstoreage.com/finance-0/plus-size-womens-apparel-retailer-sets-liquidation-sales/) In August 2020, Fashion to Figure was sold for $40 million to Saadia Group after its second bankruptcy. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Perfection's Price" (http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/2005/september/notebook.html) . Harvard Business School Alumni Bulletin . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Planning Their Big Plus: Lane Bryant Kin Building Business by the Book". The Bergen County Record . 8 September 2006. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Lena Bryant Descendants Continue Family Tradition" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/lena-bryant-descendants-continue-family-tradition-572701) . Women's Wear Daily. 3 June 2005 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-record2_4-0) "Inheriting the Girth: Plus-Sized Store Inspired by 'Gram' ". The Bergen County Record . 21 December 2004. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Plus Size Retailer Looks to Open Westchester Stores". The Journal News Rockland . 17 January 2007. ^ Jump up to: a b "In Family Tradition, Lena Bryant's Descendants Launch Plus-Sized Concept". Chain Store Age . 5 October 2005. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mirabella, Lorraine (10 April 2020). "Reports of layoffs in Maryland increase in past week, including Pandora, New York & Co. and Medieval Times" (https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-md-layoffs-maryland-20200410-th4wmt5p4vfxlnoai2ivq7is2y-story.html) . baltimoresun.com . Retrieved 2020-04-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Al-Muslim, Aisha (2020-08-31). "New York & Co., Fashion to Figure to Sell for $40 Million" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-co-fashion-to-figure-to-sell-for-40-million-11598891947) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 2022-06-17 . 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American milliner (1919–2022) Vanilla Beane Born Vanilla Powell ( 1919-09-13 ) September 13, 1919 Wilson, North Carolina (/wiki/Wilson,_North_Carolina) , U.S. Died October 23, 2022 (2022-10-23) (aged 103) Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , U.S. Occupations Milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) fashion designer Vanilla Powell Beane (born Vanilla Powell ; September 13, 1919 – October 23, 2022), known as " DC's Hat Lady ", was an American milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) and businesswoman. One of her hats was displayed and is in the collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture (/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture) (NMAAHC). Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) observes Vanilla Beane Day on September 13. Early life [ edit ] Beane was born in Wilson, North Carolina (/wiki/Wilson,_North_Carolina) , on September 13, 1919, to Martha Hagans Powell and James Powell, the sixth of seven children. She worked on local farms which grew tobacco and cotton, and attended a single room school in Nash County, North Carolina (/wiki/Nash_County,_North_Carolina) . [1] (#cite_note-wtop-1) She graduated from Charles H. Darden High School in 1940, but as part of the class of 1938. [2] (#cite_note-wilson-2) Career [ edit ] Beane moved to Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) in the 1940s to follow her two sisters since there were more jobs available there. She married Willie George Beane in 1942, which she remarked on, at 99 years old, "I married a fellow, Willie Beane, and by my named [ sic ] being Vanilla, I came up with Vanilla Beane". [1] (#cite_note-wtop-1) [2] (#cite_note-wilson-2) While working as an elevator operator at the Washington Millinery and Supply Company, she began making clothing – including hats – since she was around fabric, and was hired in 1955 as a seamstress. [3] (#cite_note-3) While working at the millinery shop she also had a job as mail clerk at the General Services Administration (/wiki/General_Services_Administration) . [4] (#cite_note-canvas-4) Dr. Dorothy Height in a Vanilla Beane hat In 1975, she was inducted into the hall of fame of the National Association of Fashion and Accessory Designers, a trade group founded in 1949 in New York City for Black fashion professionals. [4] (#cite_note-canvas-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1979, when the millinery shop she worked at moved to Gaithersburg, Maryland (/wiki/Gaithersburg,_Maryland) , she bought its remaining supplies and fixtures and opened Bené Millinery & Bridal Supplies. [4] (#cite_note-canvas-4) In the Manor Park (/wiki/Manor_Park_(Washington,_D.C.)) neighborhood in Ward 4, she served the local African American community. [6] (#cite_note-southern-6) She continued working at her store multiple times a week even after her 100th birthday. [7] (#cite_note-wusa-7) [2] (#cite_note-wilson-2) Throughout her career she made custom hats for local and national figures, including poet Maya Angelou (/wiki/Maya_Angelou) and civil rights activist Dorothy Height (/wiki/Dorothy_Height) ; one of Beane's hats is featured on Height's USPS (/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service) Forever stamp. [8] (#cite_note-wapo_obit-8) [2] (#cite_note-wilson-2) [6] (#cite_note-southern-6) [9] (#cite_note-usps-9) One of her hats is in the permanent collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture (/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture) . [10] (#cite_note-10) The NMAAHC also features a detailed 3D scan (/wiki/3D_scanning) of a green velveteen wrap hat from the 1950–1960s. [11] (#cite_note-11) The government of Washington, D.C. designated September 13 Vanilla Beane Day in her honor. [6] (#cite_note-southern-6) Death [ edit ] Beane died on October 23, 2022, at age 103, in Washington, D.C. [8] (#cite_note-wapo_obit-8) [1] (#cite_note-wtop-1) Mayor Muriel Bowser (/wiki/Muriel_Bowser) announced her passing in a statement and said [12] (#cite_note-12) Ms. Vanilla Beane embodied Black excellence. ... She was DC's Hat Lady. She was a mother, a grandmother, and a great grandmother. She was an inspiration for generations of Black women and for anyone who ever thought about turning their talent into a business that you love so much you stay at it into your hundreds. She had three children; the eldest died in 1980, and her husband died in 1993. [1] (#cite_note-wtop-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jessica Kronzer (October 25, 2022). "DC fashion icon and milliner Vanilla Beane dies at 103 – WTOP News" (https://wtop.com/dc/2022/10/dc-fashion-icon-and-milliner-vanilla-beane-dies-at-103/) . WTOP News . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Drew C. Wilson (September 12, 2019). "Centenarian celebrity hat maker honored – Document – Gale General OneFile" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599227427/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=fa45cd7f) . go-gale-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Staff, TheGrio (June 15, 2010). "Dorothy Height's hatmaker still going at 90" (https://thegrio.com/2010/06/15/dorothy-heights-hatmaker-still-going-at-90/) . TheGrio . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Audrey Hoffer (September 27, 2019). "Portraits of the hat lady: An artist captures a 'living legend' of D.C. on canvas – Document – Gale Academic OneFile" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A601416842/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=ab423eee) . The Washington Post . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "National Association of Fashion and Accessory Designers (NAFAD) Collection An inventory of the collection at Syracuse University" (https://library.syracuse.edu/digital/guides/n/nat_assoc_fash_acc.htm) . library.syracuse.edu . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . a trade group founded in 1949 in New York City for Black fashion professionals ^ Jump up to: a b c Betsy Cribb (July 4, 2022). "Meet Washington, D.C., Milliner Vanilla Beane" (https://www.southernliving.com/culture/vanilla-beane-washington-dc-milliner) . Southern Living . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-wusa_7-0) Matt Pusatory (October 25, 2022). "DC icon Vanilla Beane dies at the age of 103" (https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/local/dc/vanilla-beane-dc-hat-lady-passes-away/65-b228afac-4d5d-46e1-a57e-e675f2bf8f19) . wusa9.com . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Michael S. Rosenwald (October 25, 2022). "Vanilla Beane, the District's 'Hat Lady,' dies at 103" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2022/10/25/vanilla-beane-dc-hatmaker-for-more-than-50-years-died-at-age-103/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-usps_9-0) "Women's, civil rights legend Dorothy Height honored with Forever stamp" (https://about.usps.com/news/national-releases/2017/pr17_006.htm) . about.usps.com. February 1, 2017 . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Green wrap hat made by Vanilla Beane" (https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2013.141.1) . National Museum of African American History and Culture . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Green wrap hat made by Vanilla Beane" (https://3d.si.edu/object/3d/green-wrap-hat-made-vanilla-beane%3Acddb0bd1-c30c-4804-9fb7-8c0efa854628) . 3D Digitization (3d.si.edu) . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Statement from Mayor Bowser on the Passing of Vanilla Beane | mayormb" (https://mayor.dc.gov/release/statement-mayor-bowser-passing-vanilla-beane) . mayor.dc.gov . October 25, 2022 . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . 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American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American milliners (/wiki/Category:American_milliners) People from Wilson, North Carolina (/wiki/Category:People_from_Wilson,_North_Carolina) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from October 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2022) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) |
Supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) wearing a tent dress A tent dress is a dress (/wiki/Dress) that hangs loose from shoulder to below the hips, and does not have a waistline (/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) They are worn without belts. The tent dress was one of the trends in 2007. [2] (#cite_note-2) They are sold in most department stores or clothes-carrying supermarkets, and may also be home-made or tailor-made. Design [ edit ] Tent dresses may be made from a variety of fabrics, including solid, striped, polka dotted, or floral prints (and sometimes even a combination), and are often in bright colors which would not normally be matched (e.g. orange, purple, and neon green). They vary in sleeve (/wiki/Sleeve) and dress length, and can be greatly altered with fringe, lace, buttons (particularly large ones), and other embellishments such as fake jewels, sequins or glitter. They are usually long-sleeved, fluffy-sleeved, or sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless) . They are often worn with skinny jeans or leggings (/wiki/Leggings) , as many tent dresses are so short as to leave the crotch visible. They are normally worn as mini dresses (/wiki/Mini_dress) ; but can be longer, or so short as to be little different from a shirt. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) tent dress definition – Dictionary – MSN Encarta (https://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861719092/tent_dress.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080110090157/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861719092/tent_dress.html) 2008-01-10 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Top 10 Fashion Must-Haves - 50 Top 10 Lists of 2007 - TIME (https://web.archive.org/web/20071212161512/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/top10/article/0,30583,1686204_1686303_1691754,00.html) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "leggings" (https://www.amazon.com/90-Degree-Reflex-Womens-Power/dp/B00IDHFYVM/) . Amazon . 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Submission declined on 21 February 2024 by HitroMilanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:HitroMilanese) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:HitroMilanese) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Buttons+of+the+Finnish+Armed+Forces%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Buttons_of_the_Finnish_Armed_Forces) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Buttons_of_the_Finnish_Armed_Forces&defaults=y) Declined by HitroMilanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:HitroMilanese) 4 months ago. Last edited by Paradroid1793 (/wiki/User:Paradroid1793) 22 minutes ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Paradroid1793&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Finnish Defense/Armed Forces Buttons The Finnish Defense Forces (/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces) , established 1918, has issued several buttons (/wiki/Button) for uniforms (/wiki/Uniforms) since its foundation. The most known type being with a snowflake (/wiki/Snowflake) in the center, buttons are made out of iron (/wiki/Iron) . References [ edit ] [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Written by Samuel Seka (/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Seka&action=edit&redlink=1) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: MILITARY UNIFORMS, PART 4" (https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/UNIFORMS4.htm) . www.jaegerplatoon.net . Retrieved 2024-07-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Finnish Army Buttons" (https://www.hastur.fi/en/category/231224) . 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Australian model (born 1993) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Montana Cox" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Montana+Cox%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Montana+Cox%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Montana+Cox%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Montana+Cox%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Montana+Cox%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Montana+Cox%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Montana Cox Montana Cox at Australian Fashion Week (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) 2021 Born ( 1993-09-02 ) 2 September 1993 (age 30) Melbourne, Victoria (/wiki/Melbourne,_Victoria) , Australia Nationality Australian (/wiki/Australia) Occupation Model Years active 2011–present Modeling information Height 5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (179 cm) Hair color Brown Eye color Blue Agency IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) (Worldwide) [1] (#cite_note-1) Uno Models (Barcelona) Seeds Management GmbH (Berlin) UNIQUE DENMARK (Copenhagen) Stockholmsgruppen (Stockholm) [2] (#cite_note-2) Montana Cox (born 2 September 1993) is an Australian model, best known for being the winner of cycle 7 of (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_7) Australia's Next Top Model . [3] (#cite_note-3) Australia's Next Top Model [ edit ] Cox was announced the winner of Australia's Next Top Model , Cycle 7 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_7) at the Sydney Opera House (/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House) on 25 October 2011, defeating Liz Braithwaite and Simone Holtznagel in the final. She is the second winner hailing from Victoria (/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)) , with the previous Victorian winner being Alice Burdeu (/wiki/Alice_Burdeu) of Cycle 3 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_3) . In episode 1, Cox was singled out for her potential in the natural beauty photo shoot. She made it into the top 20 and travelled to Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) where photographer Jez Smith (/wiki/Jez_Smith) stated, "the face is just so beautiful". [ citation needed ] In episodes 5 and 6, Cox was declared a frontrunner after being the first girl to gain two consecutive first call-outs. In episode 9, Cox became a contender again after photographer Simon Upton stated, "I was really impressed with Montana. She is the one to beat in this competition". In episode 10, Cox gained her third first call-out for her vintage lingerie photo shoot. [ citation needed ] In episode 11, Cox won the go-see challenge after designer Fernando Frisoni stated, "I would book her with my eyes closed. I'd consider her opening my show". In the same episode, she was the first girl through to the finale at the Sydney Opera House (/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House) . In episode 12, the final three flew to Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) where they participated in two high-fashion photo shoots. [ citation needed ] During the final judging, Sarah Murdoch (/wiki/Sarah_Murdoch) , Charlotte Dawson (/wiki/Charlotte_Dawson) and Antoni gave their verdict that Cox should be the winner, with Murdoch calling her "a supermodel in the making." In episode 13, designer Alex Perry (/wiki/Alex_Perry) likened her to Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) and stated "she is the caliber of girl you would see in an international fashion magazine". After winning, Harper's Bazaar Australia (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) editor Edwina McCann stated Cox was, "the greatest discovery for Australia's Next Top Model or any Next Top Model series." [4] (#cite_note-4) Cox is the second winner of the show to have never made a bottom two appearance and is also the first winner of the show to have never made a bottom three appearance. Whilst being on the show, Cox won a national campaign with Blackmores (/wiki/Blackmores) as well as a spread in the Telegraph's Sunday magazine. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Cox at the David Jones Autumn Winter Launch in Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) As the winner, Cox appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar Australia (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , as well as an eight-page spread in the magazine. Her other prizes included a modelling contract with Chic Model Management, twenty thousand dollars in cash, a Ford Fiesta (/wiki/Ford_Fiesta) and an overseas trip to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to meet with NEXT Model Management (/wiki/NEXT_Model_Management) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Cox has since gone on to be one of the celebrity faces of FOXTEL. It was also announced that Cox would appear in the campaign for David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_(department_store)) department stores for the 2012 Autumn/Winter collection [6] (#cite_note-6) alongside models Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) and Samantha Harris (/wiki/Samantha_Harris_(model)) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Cox has also appeared in campaigns for Betts Shoes, Lovisa, Witchery's A/W 2012 campaign and Maurie and Eve Winter 2012 campaign. [8] (#cite_note-8) In February 2012, she signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) Paris, IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) New York, IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) Milan, and IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) London. Subsequently, Cox made her runway debut at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Fall 2012, walking for a total of 5 shows which included Aquilano Rimondi, Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) , Etro (/wiki/Etro) and Jo No Fui. At Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Fall 2012, she walked for 11 shows including Andrew Gn, Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) , Carven, Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_Takada) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) , Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , Sacai and closed Felipe Oliveira Baptista (/wiki/Felipe_Oliveira_Baptista) and Vanessa Bruno (/wiki/Vanessa_Bruno) . [ citation needed ] In March 2012, Cox closed her first David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_Limited) show at the Melbourne Fashion Festival (/wiki/Melbourne_Fashion_Festival) . [ citation needed ] In April 2012, she made her Australian Fashion Week (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) debut walking for Carla Zampatti (/wiki/Carla_Zampatti) , Flannel, Manning Cartell, Ksubi (/wiki/Ksubi) , Toni Matičevski (/wiki/Toni_Mati%C4%8Devski) , Magdalena Veleveska, Jayson Brusdon, Camilla Franks, Lisa Ho (/wiki/Lisa_Ho) , Ellery, WatsonxWatson, as well as opening Life with Bird and Ginger & Smart and closing Romance Was Born and Gary Bigeni. In May 2012, Cox walked for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) 's 2013 Cruise presentation in Versailles (/wiki/Versailles_(city)) . In June 2012, Cox appeared in a campaign for Pink Lou Lou and editorials for Madison Magazine & Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Australia magazine. During Resort 2013, Cox modelled for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Oscar De La Renta (/wiki/Oscar_De_La_Renta) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) and Bassike [9] (#cite_note-9) In July 2012, Cox made her debut at the Fall/Winter Haute Couture Fashion Week 12/13 in Paris. Cox walked for Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) , Alexis Mabille, Valentino and Worth. [10] (#cite_note-10) Cox appeared in Spring/Summer 2012 campaigns for Dion Lee and David Jones and was featured in issue 47 of Russh magazine. In August 2012, Cox was featured in Vogue Australia, for the 3rd time as well as campaigns for Colette by Colette Dinnigan, LIFEwithBIRD's 10th anniversary show and the Spring/Summer look book for Gary Bigeni. In September 2012, Cox was featured for the 4th time in Australian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) as well as Vogue Italia in a campaign for Valentino Haute Couture. Cox returned to the runway for the debut of David Jones' Spring/Summer launch alongside Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) and Samantha Harris (/wiki/Samantha_Harris) . Due to this, Cox missed New York Fashion Week but appeared at London Fashion Week Spring RTW 2013 for Antonio Berardi, Bernard Chandran, Willow, Dion Lee, Jean-Pierre Braganza and opened for Felder Felder. At Milan Fashion Week Spring RTW 2013, Cox walked for 9 shows including DSquared2, Alviero Martini 1A Classe (/wiki/Alviero_Martini) , Roccobarocco (/wiki/Rocco_Barocco) , Les Copains, Antonio Marras (/wiki/Antonio_Marras) , Genny (/wiki/Genny) , Maurizio Pecoraro and Laura Biagiotti (/wiki/Laura_Biagiotti) . [11] (#cite_note-11) At Paris Fashion Week Spring RTW 2013, Cox walked for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) , Mugler, Carven, Vionnet (/wiki/Vionnet) , AF Vandervorst, Shiatzy Chen (/wiki/Shiatzy_Chen) and Maison Rabih Kayrouz by Rabih Kayrouz (/wiki/Rabih_Kayrouz) . In February 2014, Cox walked as a Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) exclusive at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Fall 2014. In October 2015, Cox was ranked by Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) as one of the most successful contestants of the Top Model franchise. [12] (#cite_note-12) Cox joined the cast of Neighbours (/wiki/Neighbours) in 2021 for a stint as Britney Barnes (/wiki/Britney_Barnes) , [13] (#cite_note-13) until her character was killed off the following year. [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Cox was house captain of the Nillumbik house at Eltham College (/wiki/Eltham_College_(Victoria)) , [15] (#cite_note-15) and finished year twelve (/wiki/Year_Twelve) in 2011. She attended Warrandyte Primary School and graduated 2005. [16] (#cite_note-16) Her hobbies include netball (/wiki/Netball) , basketball (/wiki/Basketball) , running (/wiki/Running) and going to the gym (/wiki/Gym) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Her father, Darryl Cox (/wiki/Darryl_Cox_(footballer)) , is a former professional Australian rules footballer (/wiki/Australian_rules_football) , [19] (#cite_note-19) and her younger brother Nikolas (/wiki/Nikolas_Cox) is a current player for Essendon (/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club) . [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Montana Cox - IMG Models" (https://www.imgmodels.com/montanacox/milan/women) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Montana Cox - Model" (https://models.com/models/montana-cox) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Next Top Montana" (http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/next-top-montana-20111025-1mieg.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . SMH. 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Melbourne beauty Montana Cox wins Australia's Next Top Model" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/tv-radio/melbourne-beauty-montana-cox-wins-australias-next-top-model/story-e6frf9ho-1226176660771) . Herald Sun . Fairfax Media. 26 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Moran, Jonathon; Halliwell, Ellie (16 January 2011). "Oz's Next Top Agency" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/sunday-telegraph/ozs-next-top-agency/story-e6frewt9-1225988419567) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Montana Cox will give Miranda Kerr a run for her money on the David Jones catwalk" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/insider/montana-cox-will-give-miranda-kerr-a-run-for-her-money-on-the-david-jones-catwalk/story-e6frewt9-1226193481849) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Montana Cox the centre of attention" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/montana-cox-the-centre-of-attention/story-fn7x8me2-1226224721363) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) https://www.facebook.com/pages/Montana-Cox/247886161910514?sk=photos (https://www.facebook.com/pages/Montana-Cox/247886161910514?sk=photos) [ user-generated source ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Style.com" (http://www.style.com/search/?cx=010858178366868418930%3Aiiy4mfznaiq&q=montana+cox&cof=FORID%3A11&x=0&y=0) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Farfetch - For the Love of Fashion" (http://www.style.com/peopleparties/modelsearch/person14333) . www.style.com . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Style.com" (http://www.style.com/peopleparties/modelsearch/person14333) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Rees, Alex (20 October 2015). "12 times "Top Model" actually found, you know, a top model" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/news/a47929/top-model-tyra-banks-successful-models/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Alexander, Susannah (14 June 2021). "Neighbours casts Australian model Montana Cox in new role" (https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/neighbours/a36713433/neighbours-cast-montana-cox/) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved 14 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kilkelly, Daniel (19 January 2022). "Neighbours confirms who died in devastating storm disaster" (https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/neighbours/a38812836/neighbours-spoilers-who-died-storm/) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved 20 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "House Music 2011" (http://ec-web.elthamcollege.vic.edu.au/bwebs/pdf/handbook2011.pdf) (PDF) . ELTHAM College of Education . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Australia's Next Top Model favourite Montana Cox in line for testing times" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/australias-next-top-model-favourite-montana-cox-in-line-for-testing-times/story-e6frf7jx-1226174755630) . Confidential . Herald Sun. 24 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Australia's Next Top Model Blackmores Challenge Winner Montana Cox reveals real beauty comes from within" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111025194445/http://www.blackmores.com.au/learning-centre/article/australias-next-top-model-blackmores-challenge) . Blackmores . 13 September 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.blackmores.com.au/learning-centre/article/australias-next-top-model-blackmores-challenge) on 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Australia's Next Top Model crowned" (http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/entertainment/a/-/television/10872248/australias-next-top-model-crowned/) . The West Australian . West Australian Newspapers Limited. 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Te Koha, Nui (7 September 2014). "Darryl Cox has Father's Day pride for his supermodel girl Montana" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/darryl-cox-has-fathers-day-pride-for-his-supermodel-girl-montana/story-fnn7ma1h-1227050163256) . Sunday Herald Sun . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Ryan, Peter (8 December 2020). "Nik Cox: Australia's next top footballer?" (https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/nik-cox-australia-s-next-top-footballer-20201208-p56lng.html) . The Age . Retrieved 27 March 2021 . External links [ edit ] Montana Cox (https://www.instagram.com/montanacox1/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) Montana Cox (https://www.imgmodels.com/model/sydney/women/19184) at IMG Models Montana Cox (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/montana_cox/) at the Fashion Model Directory Preceded by Amanda Ware (/wiki/Amanda_Ware) Australia's Next Top Model (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model) winner Cycle 7 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_7) (2011) Succeeded by Melissa Juratowitch v t e Australia's Next Top Model (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) Hosts Erika Heynatz (/wiki/Erika_Heynatz) Jodhi Meares (/wiki/Jodhi_Meares) Sarah Murdoch (/wiki/Sarah_Murdoch) Jennifer Hawkins (/wiki/Jennifer_Hawkins) Judges Alex Perry (/wiki/Alex_Perry) Charlotte Dawson (/wiki/Charlotte_Dawson) Jez Smith (/wiki/Jez_Smith) Didier Cohen (/wiki/Didier_Cohen) Megan Gale (/wiki/Megan_Gale) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Gemma Sanderson (/wiki/Gemma_Sanderson) Alice Burdeu (/wiki/Alice_Burdeu) Demelza Reveley (/wiki/Demelza_Reveley) Tahnee Atkinson (/wiki/Tahnee_Atkinson) Amanda Ware (/wiki/Amanda_Ware) Montana Cox Melissa Juratowitch (/wiki/Melissa_Juratowitch) Brittany Beattie (/wiki/Brittany_Beattie) Aleyna FitzGerald (/wiki/Aleyna_FitzGerald) Other alumni Sarah Lawrence (/wiki/Sarah_Lawrence_(actress)) Samantha Downie (/wiki/Samantha_Downie) Cassi Van Den Dungen (/wiki/Cassi_Van_Den_Dungen) Sophie Van Den Akker (/wiki/Sophie_Van_Den_Akker) Simone Holtznagel (/wiki/Simone_Holtznagel) Madeline Cowe (/wiki/Madeline_Cowe) Duckie Thot (/wiki/Duckie_Thot) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.canary‐6565cf4bc8‐v94h5 Cached time: 20240713180541 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.594 seconds Real time usage: 0.752 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5066/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 79948/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8543/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81920/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.408/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11180647/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 691.186 1 -total 28.58% 197.558 1 Template:Infobox_model 25.17% 173.991 1 Template:Reflist 17.68% 122.189 16 Template:Cite_web 12.05% 83.261 1 Template:Australia's_Next_Top_Model 11.95% 82.606 2 Template:Navbox 9.88% 68.281 1 Template:Infobox 7.92% 54.750 1 Template:BLP_sources 7.82% 54.068 1 Template:Short_description 7.30% 50.452 7 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33532902-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713180541 and revision id 1173815712. 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American photographer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fadil_Berisha) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fadil_Berisha) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . 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Find sources: "Fadil Berisha" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fadil+Berisha%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fadil+Berisha%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fadil+Berisha%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fadil+Berisha%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fadil+Berisha%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fadil+Berisha%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fadil Berisha is an Albanian-American fashion photographer living in New York City. He was once the official photographer for Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) , Miss USA (/wiki/Miss_USA) , [1] (#cite_note-elanecdotario.com-1) and Rolex (/wiki/Rolex) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-elanecdotario.com_1-0) "elanecdotario.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090105173002/http://www.elanecdotario.com/2005/ene05/17/ene17ai.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.elanecdotario.com/2005/ene05/17/ene17ai.html) on 2009-01-05 . Retrieved 2009-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yuja Wang at the Salle Pleyel" (https://www.classictic.com/en/yuja-wang-at-the-salle-pleyel/27434/) . www.classictic.com . Retrieved 2024-01-17 . 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