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England portal (/wiki/Portal:England) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Clothing manufacturers of England (/wiki/England) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐gp8j7 Cached time: 20240629154135 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.042 seconds Real time usage: 0.063 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1106/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.020/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 666993/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 51.725 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 51.725 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39511352-0!canonical and timestamp 20240629154135 and revision id 914640634. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. L Clothing companies based in London (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_London) ‎ (1 C, 69 P) Pages in category "Clothing companies of England" The following 83 pages are in this category, out of 83 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Adams Kids (/wiki/Adams_Kids) Admiral Sportswear (/wiki/Admiral_Sportswear) Alexander McQueen (fashion house) (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Alexon Group (/wiki/Alexon_Group) AllSaints (/wiki/AllSaints) AmpleBosom (/wiki/AmpleBosom) Ann Summers (/wiki/Ann_Summers) Aquascutum (/wiki/Aquascutum) Arcadia Group (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) Arckiv (/wiki/Arckiv) B Bellville Sassoon (/wiki/Bellville_Sassoon) Ben Sherman (/wiki/Ben_Sherman) Benson & Clegg (/wiki/Benson_%26_Clegg) Blue Inc (/wiki/Blue_Inc) Bonmarché (/wiki/Bonmarch%C3%A9) Boxfresh (/wiki/Boxfresh) Bravissimo (company) (/wiki/Bravissimo_(company)) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) Burton (retailer) (/wiki/Burton_(retailer)) C Cad and the Dandy (/wiki/Cad_and_the_Dandy) Chester Barrie (/wiki/Chester_Barrie) Cornelia James (company) (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(company)) Cricket Fashion (/wiki/Cricket_Fashion) D Dandie Fashions (/wiki/Dandie_Fashions) Deborah & Clare (/wiki/Deborah_%26_Clare) Dege & Skinner (/wiki/Dege_%26_Skinner) Dents (/wiki/Dents) Dorothy Perkins (/wiki/Dorothy_Perkins) Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) Duchamp (clothing) (/wiki/Duchamp_(clothing)) E Ethel Austin (/wiki/Ethel_Austin) F Finisterre (retailer) (/wiki/Finisterre_(retailer)) The Fold (brand) (/wiki/The_Fold_(brand)) Fred Perry (clothing label) (/wiki/Fred_Perry_(clothing_label)) Freed of London (/wiki/Freed_of_London) Freemans (/wiki/Freemans) French Connection (clothing) (/wiki/French_Connection_(clothing)) G Garment Quarter (/wiki/Garment_Quarter) Ghost (fashion brand) (/wiki/Ghost_(fashion_brand)) Gieves & Hawkes (/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes) Goat Fashion (/wiki/Goat_Fashion) Granny Takes a Trip (/wiki/Granny_Takes_a_Trip) Grattan plc (/wiki/Grattan_plc) Greenwoods (/wiki/Greenwoods) H Harding, Howell & Co. (/wiki/Harding,_Howell_%26_Co.) Hardware LDN (/wiki/Hardware_LDN) Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) Hawes & Curtis (/wiki/Hawes_%26_Curtis) The Hemp Trading Company (/wiki/The_Hemp_Trading_Company) Hield (/wiki/Hield) High and Mighty (clothing) (/wiki/High_and_Mighty_(clothing)) Hobbs Ltd (/wiki/Hobbs_Ltd) Hung On You (/wiki/Hung_On_You) H. Huntsman & Sons (/wiki/H._Huntsman_%26_Sons) I I Was Lord Kitchener's Valet (/wiki/I_Was_Lord_Kitchener%27s_Valet) International Clothing Designs (/wiki/International_Clothing_Designs) J Jack Wills (/wiki/Jack_Wills) Jaeger (clothing) (/wiki/Jaeger_(clothing)) JD Sports (/wiki/JD_Sports) Jigsaw (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Jigsaw_(clothing_retailer)) Jones Bootmaker (/wiki/Jones_Bootmaker) K Kukhareva London (/wiki/Kukhareva_London) L Lavish Alice (/wiki/Lavish_Alice) Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) Lucy & Yak (/wiki/Lucy_%26_Yak) M Merchant Archive (/wiki/Merchant_Archive) N Norton & Sons (/wiki/Norton_%26_Sons) P Henry Poole & Co (/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co) R Rab (company) (/wiki/Rab_(company)) Ralph & Russo (/wiki/Ralph_%26_Russo) Regatta (clothing) (/wiki/Regatta_(clothing)) Richard James (tailor) (/wiki/Richard_James_(tailor)) S S.E.H Kelly (/wiki/S.E.H_Kelly) Shrewsbury Drapers Company (/wiki/Shrewsbury_Drapers_Company) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sunspel (/wiki/Sunspel) Superdry (/wiki/Superdry) Susan Small (fashion) (/wiki/Susan_Small_(fashion)) T Thresher & Glenny (/wiki/Thresher_%26_Glenny) Turnbull & Asser (/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser) U Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) W Wall Luxury Essentials (/wiki/Wall_Luxury_Essentials) Wolsey (clothing) (/wiki/Wolsey_(clothing)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_England&oldid=914640634 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_England&oldid=914640634) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies of England by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_England_by_industry) English fashion (/wiki/Category:English_fashion) Textile industry of England (/wiki/Category:Textile_industry_of_England) Clothing companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐56946c98f9‐znh7w Cached time: 20240712080748 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.049 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38663650-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712080748 and revision id 972637798. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Fashion events in Argentina" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B BAFWEEK (/wiki/BAFWEEK) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Argentina&oldid=972637798 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Argentina&oldid=972637798) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Argentine fashion (/wiki/Category:Argentine_fashion) Fashion events by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_by_country) Entertainment events in Argentina (/wiki/Category:Entertainment_events_in_Argentina)
Aesthetic of nostalgia popular among youths Cottage gardens (/wiki/Cottage_garden) typify the 'cottagecore' aesthetic. Cottagecore (sometimes referred to as Countrycore or Farmcore ) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) is an internet aesthetic (/wiki/Internet_aesthetic) idealising rural life. Originally based on a rural European life, [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) it was developed throughout the 2010s and was first named cottagecore on Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) in 2018. [4] (#cite_note-VoxWLWclothes-4) The aesthetic centres on traditional rural clothing, interior design, and crafts such as drawing, baking, and pottery, and is related to similar aesthetic movements such as grandmacore, goblincore (/wiki/Goblincore) , gnomecore and fairycore. Some sources describe cottagecore as a subculture of Millennials (/wiki/Millennials) and Generation Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) . Economic forces and other challenges facing these young people may be a significant driver of this trend, along with these generations' emphasis on sustainability, and the trend to work from home (initially during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) ). Aesthetic and lifestyle elements [ edit ] An embroidery design with colorful floral prints (2016) The tenets of cottagecore can help its proponents satisfy a desire for "an aspirational form of nostalgia" as well as an escape from many forms of stress and trauma. [5] (#cite_note-NYT-5) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) described it as a reaction to hustle culture and the advent of personal branding. [5] (#cite_note-NYT-5) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) called it a "visual and lifestyle movement designed to fetishize the wholesome purity of the outdoors." [6] (#cite_note-twsGuardian111-6) Cottagecore emphasizes simplicity (/wiki/Simple_living) and the soft peacefulness of the pastoral life as an escape from the dangers of the modern world. [7] (#cite_note-twsTeenVogue111-7) It became highly popular on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [6] (#cite_note-twsGuardian111-6) [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Fashion [ edit ] An early inspiration for cottagecore fashion is mori girl (/wiki/Mori_girl) , which reached popularity in Japan in the late 2000s. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) , another Japanese street fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) with a soft silhouette and a Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) -inspired look might have been another early inspiration. While homemade clothing is a feature of cottagecore, [12] (#cite_note-:5-12) products including the 'strawberry dress', a $490 tea dress by Lirika Matoshi (/wiki/Lirika_Matoshi) , are also associated with the aesthetic. [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) [14] (#cite_note-:11-14) Due to the high price of the Matoshi dress, a number of people produced their own versions of the product. [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) Cottagecore clothing often includes long layered dresses. [14] (#cite_note-:11-14) Analytics (/wiki/Analytics) company Edited identified that besides floral prints and stripes "Old-world, feminine shapes and details are integral to this aesthetic—milkmaid necklines, puff sleeves, ruffles and prairie-inspired midi dresses." [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-SJ-16) Marketing commentators noted that the trend fits with already available '70s-inspired dresses, lace trim, and denim, and complemented the slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) trend. [16] (#cite_note-SJ-16) Brands like Batsheva, Doen, and the Vampire's Wife became popular for their frilly, whimsical flowy dresses that fit perfectly to the cottagecore aesthetic. [17] (#cite_note-17) Food and gardening [ edit ] Self-sufficiency, such as baking one's own bread, is integral to cottagecore. Growing one's own food in one's own garden and baking one's own bread all reflect the philosophy of self-sufficiency of cottagecore, though the aesthetic does not demand living in the countryside. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) [18] (#cite_note-:2-18) Cottagecore gardening is intended to be environmentally friendly, often including permacultural (/wiki/Permaculture) farming practices. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-:4-20) For example, the cultivation of a variety of perennial (/wiki/Perennial) and annual (/wiki/Annual_plant) native plants (/wiki/Native_species) (i.e. plants endemic (/wiki/Endemic) to the areas near one's home) helps attract insects, including bees, and as such promotes biodiversity and increases pollination of food-producing crops. [20] (#cite_note-:4-20) Other aspects [ edit ] The aesthetic encourages taking care of oneself physically and mentally. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Followers of cottagecore typically purchase secondhand or vintage furniture. [18] (#cite_note-:2-18) [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) They may take up hobbies including knitting, crochet, painting, and reading. [22] (#cite_note-22) Antecedents and cultural context [ edit ] Arts and Crafts (/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement) design for Trellis wallpaper (1862) by William Morris (/wiki/William_Morris) Pastoral Recreation (1868) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau) While cottagecore arose as a named aesthetic in 2018, similar aesthetics and ideals existed prior to its inception. The ancient Greeks (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) characterised Arcadia (/wiki/Arcadia_(utopia)) as a representation of an idyllic pastoral setting. The Greek poet Theocritus (/wiki/Theocritus) wrote poems about shepherds and shepherdesses in the third century BC, leading to him being often cited as the inventor of pastoral poetry (/wiki/Pastoral_poetry) . [23] (#cite_note-JSTOR-23) The market for Theocritus’ work was primarily the educated urban class of Alexandria (/wiki/Alexandria) , Egypt, seeking an escape from the filth, crowding and disease of city life. In the first century BC the Roman (/wiki/Roman_people) poet Virgil (/wiki/Virgil) ’s pastoral poetry was written in response to the violence and chaos of war. However, he expanded the genre by acknowledging contemporary moral and political issues such as war whilst maintaining a distance through the pastoral trope. [23] (#cite_note-JSTOR-23) Pastoral escapism continued to be produced for the courtly audience of the Roman Empire (/wiki/Roman_Empire) in the format of novels such as Daphnis and Chloe (/wiki/Daphnis_and_Chloe) from the second century AD. [23] (#cite_note-JSTOR-23) The fourteenth-century Italian Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) poet Petrarch (/wiki/Petrarch) was known for his hill-walking and gardening as well as his pastoral poetry. [23] (#cite_note-JSTOR-23) English playwright William Shakespeare (/wiki/William_Shakespeare) wrote two pastoral plays: As You Like It (/wiki/As_You_Like_It) and A Winter’s Tale (/wiki/A_Winter%E2%80%99s_Tale) . Christopher Marlowe (/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe) ’s renowned poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love (/wiki/The_Passionate_Shepherd_to_His_Love) inspired a poetic response written by Walter Raleigh (/wiki/Walter_Raleigh) , The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd (/wiki/The_Nymph%27s_Reply_to_the_Shepherd) , in which the speaker observes that Arcadian ideas were fallacies (/wiki/Fallacy) . [23] (#cite_note-JSTOR-23) In eighteenth-century Europe it was fashionable to build follies (/wiki/Folly) , ornamental structures often built in the style of classical architecture or to mimic rustic villages. [24] (#cite_note-24) Marie Antoinette's (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) Hameau de la Reine (/wiki/Hameau_de_la_Reine) , a rustic model village, is a primary example of a folly in a pastoral style. The Arts and Crafts movement (/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement) of the nineteenth century was an approach to art, architecture, and design that embraced 'folk' styles and techniques as a critique of industrial production. [6] (#cite_note-twsGuardian111-6) The counterculture of the 1960s (/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s) provides perhaps the most significant source of influence for the contemporary cottagecore movement. Many of the subcategories of cottagecore directly invoke the aesthetic of environmentally conscious architectural projects (/wiki/Earthship) and communes (/wiki/Intentional_community) of the era such as Drop City (/wiki/Drop_City) , and embody the radically sustainable, hands-on ethos of publications such as the Whole Earth Catalog (/wiki/Whole_Earth_Catalog) . Thrifted furniture and art pieces from the 1960s and '70s are often used to create a comforting, cozy interior space, as are patterns of the era such as paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) and mushroom prints. [25] (#cite_note-Financial_Times-25) There have been similar aesthetics in different countries, such as iki (/wiki/Iki_(aesthetics)) , or detached elegance, from Japan, fernweh (/wiki/Fernweh) , or longing to be somewhere far away and mysterious, from Germany, or hygge (/wiki/Hygge) , or satisfying comfort, from Denmark. [26] (#cite_note-:8-26) Contemporary popularity [ edit ] Prior to the Great Recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) , Thomas Kinkade (/wiki/Thomas_Kinkade) sold millions of copies of his paintings of idyllic cottages. [27] (#cite_note-Pickering-27) Cottagecore is an ideal. It creates a warm feeling when one thinks about how wonderful it would be to live a simpler, more bucolic existence. I started thumbing through my book on Thomas Kinkade, poring over his paintings of cottages and small-town life. I think his tremendous success was related to the feelings these paintings evoke in us. — Corky Pickering, "The cottagecore dream during the pandemic" [27] (#cite_note-Pickering-27) The movement gained further traction in many online spheres and on social media in 2020 due to the mass quarantining in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [6] (#cite_note-twsGuardian111-6) [28] (#cite_note-NPR_cottage-28) Networks such as the blogging site Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) had a 150% increase in cottagecore posts in the three months from March to May 2020. [16] (#cite_note-SJ-16) It spread on Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) , a platform for sharing visual ideas. [29] (#cite_note-29) It became popular on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) as well, [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) with numerous cottagecore enthusiasts sharing videos of themselves living in rural areas, bathing in the forest, or baking bread. [31] (#cite_note-:7-31) On TikTok the LGBTQIA+ (/wiki/LGBTQIA%2B) community has been particularly fond of cottagecore, especially lesbians. [32] (#cite_note-AS_2021-32) Many young women have found a sense of femininity through dressing in a cottagecore aesthetic while still feeling aligned with a modern, in-control woman archetype. [33] (#cite_note-33) The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) asserted that such videos had "evoked a mood of calm, enlightened, prettified productivity." [26] (#cite_note-:8-26) Vox (/wiki/Vox_(website)) characterized the trend as "the aesthetic where quarantine is romantic instead of terrifying." [4] (#cite_note-VoxWLWclothes-4) Living in the style of cottagecore or simply looking at others doing the same on the Internet was seen as something that could help people de-stress. [34] (#cite_note-34) Speaking to CNN, psychologist Krystine Batcho noted that it should be no surprise nostalgia in general and cottagecore in particular was in vogue during such a stressful time. "Longing for simpler situations, simpler time periods or simpler ways of living is an effort to balance out and to counteract the effects of high intense stress," she said. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) This was a period when many urban residents questioned whether it was worth living in the cities, and rural life stood up as an appealing alternative. [31] (#cite_note-:7-31) Taylor Swift enhanced the popularity of cottagecore in 2020 with her eighth studio album, Folklore (/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)) . A New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) article compared cottagecore to the social simulation (/wiki/Social_simulation_game) video game series Animal Crossing (/wiki/Animal_Crossing) being acted out in real life, coinciding with the success of the then-newest entry in the franchise Animal Crossing: New Horizons (/wiki/Animal_Crossing:_New_Horizons) . [5] (#cite_note-NYT-5) [6] (#cite_note-twsGuardian111-6) In July 2021 The Sims 4 (/wiki/The_Sims_4) released an expansion pack called "Cottage Living", which focuses on floral prints, gardening and tending to animals like chickens and llamas. [35] (#cite_note-35) In July 2020, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) released her eighth studio album, Folklore (/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)) , a critical and commercial success. [36] (#cite_note-cottage_bbc-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) It features songs written during the lockdown. [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) The album's use of cottagecore in its visuals and lyrics has been credited with increasing the aesthetic's popularity. [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) She continued the aesthetic with its follow-up record, Evermore (2020), [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-:9-42) and applied it to her performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/63rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . [43] (#cite_note-43) The music videos for " Cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(song)) " and " Willow (/wiki/Willow_(song)) " both incorporate cottagecore imagery. [44] (#cite_note-44) Other public figures who embraced this style include British actress Millie Bobby Brown (/wiki/Millie_Bobby_Brown) , [45] (#cite_note-45) American musician Hayley Kiyoko (/wiki/Hayley_Kiyoko) , [46] (#cite_note-46) American model Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) , [47] (#cite_note-47) and English footballer David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) . [48] (#cite_note-48) In the United States cottagecore became a decorating trend for the 2020 holiday season while the sales of needlework kits skyrocketed. [12] (#cite_note-:5-12) According to the Royal Horticultural Society (/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society) of the United Kingdom, cottage gardening is a trend for 2021. [20] (#cite_note-:4-20) China has its own version of cottagecore. Even though the country is rapidly urbanising as part of economic development, many young people have decided to leave the cities after their university studies for their hometowns in the countryside, where the quality of life has improved thanks to, among other things, the availability of fast Internet access, new roads, and high-speed railways. [49] (#cite_note-49) Among the returning youths are cottagecore-minded architects. [50] (#cite_note-50) Critiques [ edit ] According to critics, cottagecore offers an unrealistic, romanticised view of rural life. [5] (#cite_note-NYT-5) [18] (#cite_note-:2-18) [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) [51] (#cite_note-:13-51) Critics note the contrast between idyllic depictions of rural life constructed by the aesthetic and some of the realities of such spaces, such as the effects of rural poverty (/wiki/Rural_poverty) [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) or sanitation. [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) Lara Prendergast of The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) said "[P]rivileged humans have always hankered for the simple and rustic", and recalled that Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) reportedly wanted to be a milkmaid. [52] (#cite_note-52) Rebecca Jennings of Vox magazine described cottagecore and dark academia (/wiki/Dark_academia) as "historical aesthetics that evoke conservative values and gender roles". [53] (#cite_note-:16-53) Jennings and others also noted themes of Eurocentrism (/wiki/Eurocentrism) and heteronormativity (/wiki/Heteronormativity) . [53] (#cite_note-:16-53) [54] (#cite_note-:15-54) Mudra Judkis of The Washington Post noted that its fanbase seemed to be composed mainly of white women. [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) See also [ edit ] 2010s portal (/wiki/Portal:2010s) 2020s portal (/wiki/Portal:2020s) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Internet portal (/wiki/Portal:Internet) Society portal (/wiki/Portal:Society) 1960s decor (/wiki/1960s_decor) Agrarianism (/wiki/Agrarianism) Back-to-the-land movement (/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement) Food forest (/wiki/Food_forest) Slow movement (/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)) Tradwife (/wiki/Tradwife) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McGrath, Meadhbh (April 14, 2020). "Back to nature: Why cottagecore is the perfect escapism" (https://www.independent.ie/life/back-to-nature-why-cottagecore-is-the-perfect-escapism/39125784.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . Archived (https://archive.today/20230917170341/https://www.independent.ie/life/back-to-nature-why-cottagecore-is-the-perfect-escapism/39125784.html) from the original on September 17, 2023 . Retrieved September 17, 2023 . ... dubbed "cottagecore" (also "countrycore" and "farmcore"), it offers a romanticised vision of country life. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Edwards, Rachel (January 19, 2023). "How to achieve an authentic cottagecore aesthetic direct from the countryside" (https://www.countryliving.com/uk/homes-interiors/interiors/a38311077/cottagecore-aesthetic/) . Country Living (/wiki/Country_Living) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230902091051/https://www.countryliving.com/uk/homes-interiors/interiors/a38311077/cottagecore-aesthetic/) from the original on September 2, 2023 . Retrieved September 17, 2023 . Occasionally referred to as farmcore or countrycore, cottagecore romanticises the idea of living off the land ... ^ a b Tiffany, Kaitlyn (February 5, 2021). "Cottagecore Was Just the Beginning" (https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/02/aesthetics-wiki-cottagecore-tumblr-tiktok/617923/) . The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210427003538/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/02/aesthetics-wiki-cottagecore-tumblr-tiktok/617923/) from the original on April 27, 2021 . Retrieved May 8, 2021 . ^ a b Jennings, Rebecca (August 3, 2020). "Cottagecore, Taylor Swift, and our endless desire to be soothed" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/8/3/21349640/cottagecore-taylor-swift-folklore-lesbian-clothes-animal-crossing) . Vox (/wiki/Vox_(website)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210105192155/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/8/3/21349640/cottagecore-taylor-swift-folklore-lesbian-clothes-animal-crossing) from the original on January 5, 2021 . Retrieved May 8, 2020 . ^ a b c d Slone, Isabel (March 10, 2020). "Escape Into Cottagecore, Calming Ethos for Our Febrile Moment" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/style/cottagecore.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200310092146/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/style/cottagecore.html) from the original on March 10, 2020 . Retrieved May 23, 2020 . ^ a b c d e Hall, Amelia (April 15, 2020). "Why is 'cottagecore' booming? Because being outside is now the ultimate taboo" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/15/why-is-cottagecore-booming-because-being-outside-is-now-the-ultimate-taboo) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220318160644/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/15/why-is-cottagecore-booming-because-being-outside-is-now-the-ultimate-taboo) from the original on March 18, 2022 . Retrieved April 23, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-twsTeenVogue111_7-0) Bergado, Gabe (April 22, 2020). "Cottagecore Offers an Escape From Today's Stressful World" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/cottagecore-escape-coronavirus-pandemic) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210109050614/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/cottagecore-escape-coronavirus-pandemic) from the original on January 9, 2021 . Retrieved April 23, 2020 . ^ a b Sunder, Kalpana (September 21, 2020). "Pie, flowers, pottery, knitting: why Taylor Swift loves cottagecore and how it's taking over social media during Covid-19" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/article/3101928/pie-flowers-pottery-knitting-why-taylor-swift-loves) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210508214633/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/article/3101928/pie-flowers-pottery-knitting-why-taylor-swift-loves) from the original on May 8, 2021 . Retrieved May 8, 2021 . ^ a b c d e Marples, Megan (February 7, 2021). 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Model wearing a Braagaard hat, 1948, Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) 10 West 56th Street (/wiki/10_West_56th_Street) in 2011 ( Erik store on the ground floor by 1949) Karl Erik Braagaard (24 Aug 1912 – 25 May 2004) was a Danish-born American milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) , who had Erik stores in Paris, New York and London from the 1930s to 1950s. Braagaard was born in Copenhagen on 24 August 1912, the son of Georg and Mary Braagaard. By 1949, he had a showroom at 10 West 56th Street (/wiki/10_West_56th_Street) in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-p105618236-1) Adolfo Sardiña (/wiki/Adolfo_(designer)) (1933–2021) worked as a designer for Braagaard in the early 1950s, before joining Emme as head designer in 1953. [2] (#cite_note-VFG-2) The fashion designer Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) began her career as an apprentice milliner for Erik in London's Brook Street (/wiki/Brook_Street) in 1955. [3] (#cite_note-V&A-3) His work is in the permanent collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , London, including a c. 1941 hat made in New York City for Marie Cecile Wooster, the daughter of Baron Gustav Von Springer, who was married to Baron Eugene Fould. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) holds at least three hats, dating from 1938, [5] (#cite_note-5) 1940 [6] (#cite_note-6) and 1950. [7] (#cite_note-7) Braagaard died in New York City on 25 May 2004. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-p105618236_1-0) "Small Hats in Pot-Pourri of Color Form Display Recalling Cloche Era" (http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/07/15/85645990.pdf) (PDF) . The New York Times . July 15, 1949. p. 22. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 105618236 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/105618236) . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-VFG_2-0) "Adolfo" (https://vintagefashionguild.org/label-resource/adolfo/) . Vintage Fashion Guild . 1 July 2010 . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-V&A_3-0) "Introducing Mary Quant" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/introducing-mary-quant) . Victoria and Albert Museum, London . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hat ca. 1941 (made)" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O140109/hat-erik-braagaard/) . Victoria and Albert Museum, London . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hat Erik American ca. 1938" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/169890) . Met . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hat Braagaard American 1940" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/168989) . Met . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Hat Braagaard American Textile by Flamand ca. 1950" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/169146) . Met . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists KulturNav (http://kulturnav.org/5823a100-296d-483d-8f92-df4ae12e9ef8) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐7fd59bbbf6‐kbllz Cached time: 20240711110737 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.312 seconds Real time usage: 0.497 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 377/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12219/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 87/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32509/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.228/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3835860/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 398.870 1 -total 56.02% 223.437 1 Template:Reflist 44.48% 177.417 2 Template:Cite_news 43.96% 175.331 1 Template:Authority_control 14.37% 57.319 1 Template:ProQuest 13.60% 54.266 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 5.37% 21.406 5 Template:Cite_web 0.55% 2.180 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73538986-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711110737 and revision id 1189282131. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erik_Braagaard&oldid=1189282131 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erik_Braagaard&oldid=1189282131) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American milliners (/wiki/Category:American_milliners) 1912 births (/wiki/Category:1912_births) 2004 deaths (/wiki/Category:2004_deaths) Hidden category: Articles with KULTURNAV identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_KULTURNAV_identifiers)
South African model Lauren Mellor Born ( 1985-12-29 ) 29 December 1985 (age 38) Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) , South Africa Modeling information Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) Hair color Brown Eye color Blue Agency Union Models, Outlaws Management, PMA Models, Fashion Models, Metropolitan Models, Wilhelmina Models, Unique Models Website http://lauren-mellor.com/ (http://lauren-mellor.com/) Lauren Mellor (born 29 December 1985) is a South African fashion model best known for appearing in the South African and American Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Editions. [2] (#cite_note-rookiereveal-2) Career [ edit ] Mellor first signed with Star Model Management in Johannesburg, Storm Model Management (/wiki/Storm_Model_Management) in London (/wiki/London) , England, Outlaws Models in Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) , South Africa, and Modelwerk (/w/index.php?title=Modelwerk&action=edit&redlink=1) in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , Germany. Her first known work was the cover of Top Billing Magazine (/w/index.php?title=Top_Billing_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1) in April 2005. In 2007, Mellor landed a John Lewis campaign which caught the attention of several media outlets when the brand proclaimed they would only use healthy sized models. [ citation needed ] That same year, she appeared on the cover of FHM in South Africa and Essentials Magazine. Despite the initial success, Mellor focused on her studies and graduated from the University of Cape Town (/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town) with a degree in psychology. After graduation, Mellor moved to Germany and signed to Union Models, PMA Models in Hamburg, and AMT Models in Vienna. [3] (#cite_note-lm-3) In 2008, Mellor landed two international campaigns for Freya (/wiki/Freya) Swimwear and Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2009, she appeared in a campaigns for Renault (/wiki/Renault) Grand Scenic and Storm in a D Cup as well as the cover of Healthy Magazine. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2010, Mellor appeared on the October cover of Mother & baby, Stuff Magazine UK in August, and You & Your Wedding. [6] (#cite_note-fmdcovers-6) She also shot the Spring/Summer 2010 Expresso campaign in South Africa. Prior to 2011, her major clients included Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) , Freya (/wiki/Freya) , Daniel Hechter Paris (/wiki/Daniel_Hechter_Paris) for Truworths (/wiki/Truworths) , Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) , Mr. Price (/wiki/Mr._Price) , Soviet Jeans (/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Jeans&action=edit&redlink=1) , Royal Secret Fragrance, She Magazine, Essentials Magazine, Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Top Billing Magazine, FHM Magazine, Mother & Baby, You & Your Wedding, and Healthy Magazine. [8] (#cite_note-bellazon-8) After living in Germany, Mellor moved to London where she quickly became a regular on the British e-commerce circuit appearing on clothing websites such as Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) , Figleaves.com (/wiki/Figleaves.com) , Next.co.uk (/wiki/Next.co.uk) , Littlewoods (/wiki/Littlewoods) , Very.co.uk, and Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [3] (#cite_note-lm-3) In 2011, she posed for the covers Essentials Magazine, Stuff Magazine twice, Mother & Baby Magazine, and Für Sie (/wiki/F%C3%BCr_Sie) Magazine as well as appeared in editorials for Top Billing Magazine (/w/index.php?title=Top_Billing_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1) , She Magazine, Woman Magazine and Lingerie Buyer. [10] (#cite_note-10) [6] (#cite_note-fmdcovers-6) Mellor also landed campaigns with La Senza (/wiki/La_Senza) lingerie, The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) , Gin & Tonic, and Rage. [8] (#cite_note-bellazon-8) In 2012, Mellor continued working for online retailers such as Debenhams, Figleaves.com, and Marks & Spencers. She also did catalog work for JD Williams of London and K&Co. [11] (#cite_note-11) By March 2012, she signed with Joy Models in Milan. By May 2012, Mellor began doing more editorial and fashion work that was not lingerie inspired including several editorials for Woman Magazine, More Magazine (/wiki/More!) , and Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) Magazine UK. In July 2012, she signed with Metropolitan Models in Paris. Mellor also started landing more fashion orientated campaigns including the Fall/Winter 2012 Dranella Lookbook, the Spring/Summer 2013 Yumi Lookbook, and the Spring/Summer 2013 Peppercorn Lookbook. [12] (#cite_note-12) In November 2012, Mellor appeared in the South African Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit edition. [13] (#cite_note-13) Following that success, she quickly signed with Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) in Los Angeles. [14] (#cite_note-14) Her first job in the United States was catalog work for Wacoal (/wiki/Wacoal) USA. That same year, Mellor landed a campaign for Rosafia by Anita and switched to Fashion Model Management in Milan and Unique Models in Copenhagen. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In January 2013, Mellor signed with Francina Models in Barcelona as well as Wilhelmina Models in New York and Miami. [17] (#cite_note-17) In Spring of 2013, Mellor moved to New York to pursue her modeling career in the United States. [18] (#cite_note-18) During which time, she went on a casting for Sports Illustrated. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2013, she landed campaigns with the Dranella, Peppercorn, Undone Lingerie, Hunters, Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Bloomingdales (/wiki/Bloomingdales) , BareNecessities (/wiki/Bare_Necessities_(company)) , Littlewoods, Oriflame (/wiki/Oriflame) , Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) , Schwarzkopf (/wiki/Hans_Schwarzkopf_GmbH) , Halens, The Body Shop, Azure, and Freya Lingerie. [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) She also appeared on her first American magazine cover for Long Island Pulse Magazine in July. In December 2013, it was announced that Mellor would appear in the January 2014 edition of Stuff Magazine France. On 7 February 2014, Sports Illustrated announced that Lauren Mellor, although an alum, would be featured as rookie in the magazine. [2] (#cite_note-rookiereveal-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD -. "Lauren Mellor - Fashion Model - Models - Photos, Editorials & Latest News - The FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Lauren_Mellor/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ Jump up to: a b "Sports Illustrated" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191207124019/https://www.si.com/2014/02/07/lauren-mellor-rookie-reveal) . Si.com . Archived from the original (https://www.si.com/2014/02/07/lauren-mellor-rookie-reveal) on 7 December 2019 . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "lauren-mellor.com" (https://archive.today/20140210175830/http://lauren-mellor.com/) . lauren-mellor.com . Archived from the original (http://lauren-mellor.com/) on 10 February 2014 . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Paradise, Production. "Cape Town Issue 145, Showcase Jan 2009 magazine - Production Paradise" (http://www.productionparadise.com/showcase/cape-town-issue-145-225.html) . Productionparadise.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216223508/http://www.eurydicepr.co.uk/press/healthy_jul_09_cover.jpg) . Archived from the original (http://www.eurydicepr.co.uk/press/healthy_jul_09_cover.jpg) on 2013-12-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-16 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ Jump up to: a b FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD -. "Lauren Mellor - Covers Gallery with 6 photos - Models - The FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/lauren_mellor/photos/covers.htm) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paradise, Production. "Gavin O'Neill from Cape Town: photo gallery" (http://www.productionparadise.com/photos/cape_town/gavin-oneill.html) . Productionparadise.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lauren Mellor" (http://www.bellazon.com/main/topic/35319-lauren-mellor/) . Bellazon . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Login" (http://forum.usemycomputer.com/index.php?topic=36628.25;wap2) . forum.usemycomputer.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Stuff France - Buy Single Issues - Zinio - The World's Largest Newsstand" (http://www.zinio.com/www/browse/issue.jsp?skuId=416201742&prnt=&offer=&categoryId=) . Zinio . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lauren Mellor Portfolio" (https://metromodels.com/lauren-mellor/) . Retrieved 2017-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lauren Mellor - the Fashion Spot" (http://forums.thefashionspot.com/f52/lauren-mellor-143407.html) . forums.thefashionspot.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "(1) Lauren Mellor Sports Illustrated Swimwear" (https://www.facebook.com/LaurenMellorSportsIllustratedSwimwear) . archive.ph . 2015-02-11. Archived (https://archive.today/20150211022535/https://www.facebook.com/LaurenMellorSportsIllustratedSwimwear) from the original on 2015-02-11 . Retrieved 2021-12-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Global, cDs. "Error 500" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141110002444/http://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=la&sexid=2&subid=8674&mainsubid=8674&modelid=627412&spec=0) . Wilhelmina.com . Archived from the original (https://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=la&sexid=2&subid=8674&mainsubid=8674&modelid=627412&spec=0) on 10 November 2014 . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Lauren Mellor - Unique Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216234931/http://www.unique.dk/female/models/lauren-mellor/) . Archived from the original (http://www.unique.dk/female/models/lauren-mellor/) on 2013-12-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) ".F \| Lauren Mellor \| Fashion Model Management S.p.A." (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216221200/http://www.fashionmodel.it/it/women/lauren-mellor) Archived from the original (http://www.fashionmodel.it/it/women/lauren-mellor) on 2013-12-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Global, cDs. "Error 500" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140413090324/http://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=ny&sexid=2&subid=8673&mainsubid=8673&modelid=627412&spec=0) . Wilhelmina.com . Archived from the original (https://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=ny&sexid=2&subid=8673&mainsubid=8673&modelid=627412&spec=0) on 13 April 2014 . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Lauren Mellor- Street Style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216232345/http://thefashioninterview.com/posts/street-style/south-african-beauty-street-style/) . Archived from the original (http://thefashioninterview.com/posts/street-style/south-african-beauty-street-style/) on 2013-12-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Sports Illustrated" (https://www.si.com/2013/04/26/casting-call-lauren-mellor) . Si.com . Retrieved 10 August 2017 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://archive.today/20140210175830/http://lauren-mellor.com/) Union Models in London (http://www.unionmodels.com/women/lauren-mellor) Unique Models in Copenhagen (http://www.unique.dk/female/models/lauren-mellor/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216234931/http://www.unique.dk/female/models/lauren-mellor/) 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Fashion Model Management in Milan (http://www.fashionmodel.it/it/women/lauren-mellor) Outlaws Management Cape Town (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216214831/http://www.outlawsmodels.com/portfolio.aspx?modelID=85781&subid=3441&sexid=2) Wilhelmina Models Los Angeles (https://web.archive.org/web/20141110002444/http://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=la&sexid=2&subid=8674&mainsubid=8674&modelid=627412&spec=0) Wilhelmina Models New York (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216231240/http://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=ny&sexid=2&subid=8673&mainsubid=8673&modelid=627412&spec=0) Francina Models in Barcelona (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216225533/http://www.francinamodels.com/en/woman/mainboard/portfolio-1930-lauren-mellor) Metropolitan Models in Paris (http://www.metropolitanmodels.com/metropolitan/) PMA Models in Hambburg (http://www.pmamodels.com/) v t e 2010–2019 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) 2010 Sarah Brandner (/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Brandner&action=edit&redlink=1) * Abigail Clancy (/wiki/Abigail_Clancy) * Sonia Dara (/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Dara&action=edit&redlink=1) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Bethany Dempsey (/w/index.php?title=Bethany_Dempsey&action=edit&redlink=1) * Cintia Dicker (/wiki/Cintia_Dicker) Zoe Duchesne (/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Duchesne&action=edit&redlink=1) Esti Ginzburg (/wiki/Esti_Ginzburg) Jessica 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Fragrance endorsed by Tommy Hilfiger The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(music)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "True Star" perfume (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22True+Star%22+perfume) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22True+Star%22+perfume+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22True+Star%22+perfume&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22True+Star%22+perfume+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22True+Star%22+perfume) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22True+Star%22+perfume&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) True Star Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Released 2004 Successor Tommy Girl Website tommyhilfiger (http://tommyhilfiger.com) .com (http://tommyhilfiger.com) True Star is a fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) endorsed by American fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) released in 2004. The release was followed with a revised version of Beyoncé Knowles (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles) ' original cover of " Wishing on a Star (/wiki/Wishing_on_a_Star) " and a limited edition EP (/wiki/Extended_play) also titled True Star: A Private Performance . The fragrance's commercial shows the singer Beyoncé Knowles singing a capella the song. Knowles was a poster girl of the perfume. She received $250,000 for this campaign. [1] (#cite_note-1) True Star was followed by one additional release, the True Star Gold . Reception [ edit ] In 2005, the fragrance True Star won a FiFi Award (/wiki/FiFi_Award) for Best New Fragrance Commercial. [2] (#cite_note-2) True Star: A Private Performance [ edit ] True Star: A Private Performance EP (/wiki/Extended_play) by Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Released 2004 ( 2004 ) Genre (/wiki/Music_genre) R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) Length 7 : 57 Label (/wiki/Record_label) Tommy Hilfiger Columbia (/wiki/Columbia_Records) [3] (#cite_note-swapacd1-3) Producer (/wiki/Record_producer) Beyoncé Knowles Chink Santana (/wiki/Chink_Santana) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) chronology Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) (2003) True Star: A Private Performance (2004) Live at Wembley (/wiki/Live_at_Wembley_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2004) True Star: A Private Performance is a two-track extended play (/wiki/Extended_play) (EP) by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé. Produced by herself and Tommy Hilfiger, it was released exclusively in 2004, solely available with limited edition purchases of her fragrance by Hilfiger entitled True Star. [4] (#cite_note-amazon1-4) The EP's packaging consists of a fold-out digipak picture sleeve, including advertisement for the perfume and a built in picture booklet with lyrics for "Wishing on a Star". [3] (#cite_note-swapacd1-3) The EP was only released as a five-inch CD single (/wiki/CD_single) , usually included with the purchase of the preceding EP's perfume. [5] (#cite_note-5) The EP consists of two tracks. [4] (#cite_note-amazon1-4) "Wishing on a Star" was originally covered by Beyoncé Knowles in 2004, for the live album Live at Wembley (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9:_Live_at_Wembley) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The song was than used to promote the Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) fragrance. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2005, the song was included on the soundtrack of the movie Roll Bounce (/wiki/Roll_Bounce) . [8] (#cite_note-8) At the 48th Grammy Awards (/wiki/48th_Grammy_Awards) (2006), Knowles' version was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Knowles released the song as a promotional single on August 17, 2010. [10] (#cite_note-ITU-10) The song that appears on the EP was credited originally from Live at Wembley . [11] (#cite_note-freecodesource1-11) The song "Naïve", which is a duet between Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) and Beyoncé, featuring Da Brat (/wiki/Da_Brat) , was included on Solange Knowles' debut studio album Solo Star (/wiki/Solo_Star) (2002) as the twenty-first track, tentatively untitled. [12] (#cite_note-12) Track listing [ edit ] Credits adapted from the EP's liner notes. [4] (#cite_note-amazon1-4) [11] (#cite_note-freecodesource1-11) No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length 1. " Wishing on a Star (/wiki/Wishing_on_a_Star#Beyoncé_version) " Billie Ray Calvin Beyoncé Knowles Chink Santana (/wiki/Chink_Santana) 4:07 2. "Naïve" (with Solange (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) featuring Da Brat (/wiki/Da_Brat) ) B. Knowles HR Crump Mathew Knowles (/wiki/Mathew_Knowles) Da Brat (/wiki/Da_Brat) B. Knowles Santana 3:45 Total length: 7:57 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jessen, Monique; M. Silverman, Stephen (June 22, 2004). "Beyoncé Launches New True Star Fragrance" (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,656036,00.html) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Time Inc (/wiki/Time_Inc.) . Retrieved April 22, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FiFi Awards 2005 (http://www.fragrancefoundation.org.uk/fifi-awards/fifi-awards-2005.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120526105112/http://www.fragrancefoundation.org.uk/fifi-awards/fifi-awards-2005.htm) 2012-05-26 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ Jump up to: a b "Beyonce Knowles - True Star A Private Performance +Used CD available for Swap" (http://www.swapacd.com/Beyonce-Knowles-True-Star-Private/cd/13267288/) . Swapacd.com . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "True Star: A Private Performance: Beyonce Knowles: Music" (https://www.amazon.com/True-Star-Performance-Beyonce-Knowles/dp/B00185P5PG) . Amazon . 2009-09-09 . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Beyonce Knowles True Star - A Private Performance - Sealed Austrian 5" Cd Single AB74628 True Star - A Private Performance - sealed Beyonce Knowles 022548109991 991 338411" (http://991.com/Buy/ProductInformation.aspx?StockNumber=338411) . 991.com . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Live at Wembley" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-wembley-main-entry-r687130) . Allmusic . Retrieved 3 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Hilfiger believes Beyonce is a True Star" (http://www.cosmeticsdesign.com/Market-Trends/Hilfiger-believes-Beyonce-is-a-True-Star) . Cosmetics Design . Retrieved 3 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Roll Bounce - Original Soundtrack" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/roll-bounce-r793613) . Allmusic . Retrieved 3 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Complete list of Grammy Award nominations" (https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2005-12-08-grammy-list-nominations_x.htm) . USA Today. 8 February 2006 . Retrieved 18 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-ITU_10-0) "Wishing On a Star - Single by Beyoncé" (https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/wishing-on-a-star-single/id386245252) . iTunes Store (/wiki/ITunes_Store) (US). Apple Inc (/wiki/Apple_Inc.) . Retrieved November 3, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Beyonce Knowles True Star: A Private Performance Album Cover, Beyonce Knowles True Star: A Private Performance CD Cover, Beyonce Knowles True Star: A Private Performance Cover Art" (http://www.freecodesource.com/album-covers/B00185P5PG--beyonce-knowles-true-star:-a-private-performance-album-cover.html) . Freecodesource.com . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ruhlmann, William (2003-01-21). "Solo Star - Solange" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/solo-star-r625601/review) . AllMusic . Retrieved 2012-05-03 . 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Italian entrepreneur and philanthropist This article is about the fashion designer. For his company, see Brunello Cucinelli (company) (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(company)) . "Cucinelli" redirects here. For the politician, see Cuccinelli (/wiki/Cuccinelli) . Brunello Cucinelli ( Italian pronunciation: [bruˈnɛllo (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) kutʃiˈnɛlli] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ; born 3 September 1953 in Castel Rigone (/wiki/Castel_Rigone) ) is an Italian (/wiki/Italians) luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) creative director and the chief executive of his eponymous made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) brand, Brunello Cucinelli (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(company)) . [1] (#cite_note-affirms_double-1) He donates (/wiki/Philanthropy) 20% of his profits (/wiki/Profit_(accounting)) through the Brunello Cucinelli Foundation. He has been described as a "philosopher-designer". [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Cucinelli grew up in a rural agricultural community outside of Perugia (/wiki/Perugia) . [3] (#cite_note-Cashmere_King-3) His childhood home had no electricity or running water. [4] (#cite_note-4) Cucinelli dropped out of engineering (/wiki/Engineering) school at age 24, [5] (#cite_note-cashmere_utopia-5) choosing instead to read philosophical texts on his own. [5] (#cite_note-cashmere_utopia-5) Career [ edit ] Cucinelli's first product was cashmere wool (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) sweaters (/wiki/Sweater) in bright colors. [5] (#cite_note-cashmere_utopia-5) In 1977 he started making dyed cashmere in a small workshop. He founded Brunello Cucinelli SpA (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_SpA) in 1978 with the Italian lira (/wiki/Italian_lira) equivalent of about $550; [6] (#cite_note-Cucinelli_Becomes_Billionaire-6) after the initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) of Brunello Cucinelli SpA his personal net worth (/wiki/Net_worth) exceeded $1 billion. [6] (#cite_note-Cucinelli_Becomes_Billionaire-6) In June 2021, due to the ownership of 50.05% of the shares of his namesake company, Cucinelli had a personal net worth of approximately $2.2 billion. [7] (#cite_note-7) Architecture [ edit ] Cucinelli believes that architecture "needs to symbolize higher meanings besides serving a material purpose." [8] (#cite_note-8) He collaborated on the re-design and expansion of Solomeo with Italian architect Massimo de Vico. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2021, Cucinelli announced that he would again be partnering with de Vico to transform one of Solomeo (/wiki/Solomeo) 's 18th-century villas into a "Universal Library" that will carry books on philosophy, architecture, literature, poetry and craftsmanship. [10] (#cite_note-10) Philanthropy [ edit ] In 2018, Cucinelli raised €100 million for charity by selling 6% of his shares. [11] (#cite_note-11) His company gives about 20% of the profits to charity, with which he restored many works of art throughout Umbria (/wiki/Umbria) , and he bought many lands around Solomeo, the town where he lives and where his company is based. [12] (#cite_note-12) Awards and honors [ edit ] Leonardo Prize [5] (#cite_note-cashmere_utopia-5) Honorary degree in philosophy and human relationships ethics from University of Perugia (/wiki/University_of_Perugia) [13] (#cite_note-13) Cavaliere del lavoro – Italian Order of Merit for Labour (/wiki/Order_of_Merit_for_Labour) in 2010 [14] (#cite_note-14) Premio Guido Carli, 2011 [15] (#cite_note-15) Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) Uomo prize Fashion Group International, Fashion Star Honoree Award, October 2014 [16] (#cite_note-16) Global Economy Prize for “Honorable Merchant” from the Government of Germany (/wiki/Government_of_Germany) [17] (#cite_note-17) America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation (/wiki/Italy-USA_Foundation) in 2019 Personal life [ edit ] Cucinelli is married to his hometown sweetheart Federica, [18] (#cite_note-Life_By_Design-18) and the couple have two daughters: Camilla and Carolina. [19] (#cite_note-Country_Home-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-affirms_double_1-0) "Brunello Cucinelli affirms double-digit 2014 sales and profit growth" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brunellocucinelli-results-idUSBREA291H020140310) . reuters.com (/wiki/Reuters.com) . March 10, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331040046/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-brunellocucinelli-results-idUSBREA291H020140310) from the original on March 31, 2014 . Retrieved March 30, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Why Brunello Cucinelli Is Worth the Price (Hint: It’s Not Just the Cashmere) (https://www.gq.com/story/brunello-cucinelli-buying-for-value) Michael Williams, GQ (/wiki/GQ_(magazine)) SEPTEMBER 18, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-Cashmere_King_3-0) "Cashmere King Brunello Cucinelli: The Italian fashion designer on style, philosophy and wearing corduroys 24-7" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304066504576341251329702820) . wsj.com (/wiki/Wsj.com) . May 27, 2011 . Retrieved March 30, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Imran Amed, CEO Talk \| Brunello Cucinelli, Founder and Chief Executive, Brunello Cucinelli (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/ceo-talk/ceo-talk-brunello-cucinelli-founder-chief-executive-brunello-cucinelli) July 1, 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Mead, Rebecca (March 29, 2010). "The Prince of Solomeo: The cashmere utopia of Brunello Cucinelli" (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/03/29/100329fa_fact_mead) . New Yorker . Retrieved March 30, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Tom (May 9, 2013). "Cucinelli Becomes Billionaire Knitting $1,920 Cardigans" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-08/cucinelli-becomes-billionaire-knitting-1-920-cardigans.html) . bloomberg.com (/wiki/Bloomberg.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Share capital \| Shareholders \| Brunello Cucinelli" (http://investor.brunellocucinelli.com/en/shareholders/share-capital) . investor.brunellocucinelli.com . Retrieved November 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Restoration: Designing with soul \| CLAD" (https://www.cladglobal.com/architecture-design-features?codeid=33812&source=home) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Brunello Cucinelli celebrates forty years of 'humanistic capitalism' in Solomeo, Italy" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/brunello-cucinelli-celebrates-forty-years-of-humanistic-capitalism-in-solomeo-italy,1011588.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Brunello Cucinelli Presents Next Project for Humanity" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/brunello-cucinelli-presents-next-project-humanity-1234985804/) . October 28, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Sanderson, Rachel (January 10, 2018). "Brunello Cucinelli sells €100m stake for charitable foundation" (https://www.ft.com/content/5a0abc66-f620-11e7-8715-e94187b3017e) . Financial Times . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Brunello Cucinelli (https://www.italiansongs.org/2014/03/italian-billionaires-brunello-cucinelli-solomeo.html) italiansongs.org March 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Cucinelli: "Io, il cashmere e l'etica del lavoro" (http://www.luxury24.ilsole24ore.com/ModaStili/2010/11/cucinelli-brunello-filosofo-honoris-causa-sostenibilita_1.php) " (http://www.luxury24.ilsole24ore.com/ModaStili/2010/11/cucinelli-brunello-filosofo-honoris-causa-sostenibilita_1.php) . Il Sole 24 Ore. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Brunello Cucinelli, cavaliere del lavoro" (http://www.cavalieridellavoro.it/cavaliere.php?numero_brevetto=2663) . Federazione nazionale dei cavalieri del lavoro. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Premiazione Brunello Cucinelli" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140814155445/http://www.associazioneguidocarli.it/seconda-edizione/9-premiazione/detail/774-01423050.html) . Associazione Guido e Maria Carli. Archived from the original (http://www.associazioneguidocarli.it/seconda-edizione/9-premiazione/detail/774-01423050.html) on August 14, 2014 . Retrieved July 31, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Brunello Cucinelli: philosophy (http://www.brunellocucinelli.com/en/philosophy#/page/21) ^ (#cite_ref-17) LAURA RYSMAN, How to Host a Relaxed Dinner Party Like an Italian (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/t-magazine/food/brunello-cucinelli-italian-dinner-party-tips.html) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) 2017/06/15 ^ (#cite_ref-Life_By_Design_18-0) Nalley, Richard (April 25, 2013). "Brunello Cucinelli: Life By Design" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardnalley/2013/03/28/brunello-cucinelli-life-by-design/) . forbes.com (/wiki/Forbes.com) . Retrieved March 30, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Country_Home_19-0) "Brunello Cucinelli's Italian Country Home" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/interiors-entertaining/brunello-cucinelli-italian-home-pictures#slide-2) . harpersbazaar.com (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . March 22, 2011 . Retrieved March 30, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikiquote has quotations related to Brunello Cucinelli (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli) . Official site (http://www.brunellocucinelli.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000433350859) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/305986262) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1175914835) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UM1V029776) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2019073981) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/031382433) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19826425?l=en) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/174934262) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐lfqz6 Cached time: 20240720164733 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.483 seconds Real time usage: 0.642 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1215/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33450/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1103/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61038/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.369/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15525009/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 609.355 1 -total 29.84% 181.855 1 Template:Reflist 25.25% 153.858 13 Template:Cite_web 21.09% 128.512 1 Template:IPA-it 20.86% 127.083 1 Template:IPA 18.98% 115.654 1 Template:Authority_control 12.87% 78.428 1 Template:Short_description 6.53% 39.777 2 Template:Pagetype 5.26% 32.075 1 Template:About 4.44% 27.083 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42355209-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720164733 and revision id 1225063430. 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Fashion event in Mongolia Goyol ( Mongolian (/wiki/Mongolian_language) : гоёл , decoration or adornment ) is an annual fashion (/wiki/Fashion) event held in Ulaanbaatar (/wiki/Ulaanbaatar) , Mongolia (/wiki/Mongolia) . It started in 1988 and the last 21st event took place on 13-15 of December 2008. [1] (#cite_note-1) Foreign designers (/wiki/Designer) and models (/wiki/Model_(person)) participate in the show since 2000. The grand prix of Goyol-2007 was won by designer of Gobi company B. Nyamsuren, and model G. Tumenjargal was selected as the best model. At the Goyol-2008 event, the designs (/wiki/Design) of 50 designers and 18 companies were featured by 15 male and 55 female models on the catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) . Nominations of Goyol-2008 [ edit ] Best abstract design – B. Nomungerel Best ethnic design – Ts. Enhtuya Best daily wear design – O. Bold, Torgo saloon Best knitwear design – G. Baasandash, Lats company Best leather and fur design – Mönhsaihan & Möngönsor, Monstick company Best sewing design – Ts. Uyanga, Shilmel zagvar company Best fashion house – Mongoljingoo Institute Grand Prix – N. Solyolmaa, Goyo company Promising model – O. Purevdulam Photo model – J. Bayarmaa Second prize – B. Batceceg Best female model – M. Garvasuren Best male model – M. Bayarjargal Best top model – B. Alimaa Best top model - B. Dulamsuren Nominations of Goyol-2009 [ edit ] Goyol-2009 was organised on the 12-13 December 2008. It featured collections of 50 designers demonstrated by 80 models with more than 500 fashion designs. In addition to the local designers, new collections were also presented by designers from France (/wiki/France) , the Russian Federation (/wiki/Russian_Federation) and Korea (/wiki/Korea) . Top model of the Festival - O. Uyanga Grand Prix - Alimaa, Evseg agency Best model of the year – E. Selenge Best fashion house – Shilmel zagvar agency Best male model - D. Samjmyatav Second prize - J. Munkhdalai Second prize - J. Munkhtsatsaral Special prize - S. Ariunbileg Photo model - O. Purevdulam Designers: Best ethnic design - D. Unubolor, Shilmel Zagvar agency Best daily wear design – Ishdorj, University of Science and Technology Best fantasy design - Enkh-Och, City Institute Best sewing design – Undraa Best knitwear design – Soninjargal, Altai Cashmere LLC New material design - Ovdogmid, independent designer Special prize - Ganchimeg, City Institute Special prize - Ononbayar, Usleg Edlel Zagvar agency Special prize - Svetlana Bakyorova, Russian Federation Nominations of Goyol-2010 [ edit ] Goyol-2010 took place on the 17-19 December 2009. Sixty models participated in the show . [2] (#cite_note-2) Top model of the Festival - Ch. Uranbileg References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The 20th event took place on 11-13, December 2007 ^ (#cite_ref-2) http://www.news.mn/news/section=home/page=index#0.2725265928626096 (http://www.news.mn/news/section=home/page=index#0.2725265928626096) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123510/http://www.news.mn/news/section=home/page=index#0.2725265928626096) 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (in Mongolian) Ch. Uranbileg becomes top model Best top model - B.Dulamsuren External links [ edit ] http://news.gogo.mn/r/47107 (https://news.gogo.mn/r/47107) http://www.news.mn/news/section=news/page=show/content=news/id=31824#0.9359854249091131 (http://www.news.mn/news/section=news/page=show/content=news/id=31824#0.9359854249091131) v t e Mongolia (/wiki/Mongolia) articles (/wiki/Index_of_Mongolia-related_articles) History (/wiki/History_of_Mongolia) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history) Prehistoric Mongolia (/wiki/Prehistoric_Mongolia) Proto-Mongols (/wiki/Proto-Mongols) Xiongnu (/wiki/Xiongnu) Xianbei (/wiki/Xianbei) Rouran Khaganate (/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate) Eastern Turkic Khaganate (/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate) Liao dynasty (/wiki/Liao_dynasty) Medieval tribes (/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans) Mongol Empire (/wiki/Mongol_Empire) Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) Northern Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty) Four Oirat (/wiki/Four_Oirat) Dzungar Khanate 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French fashion brand Comptoir des Cotonniers Industry Fashion Key people Nancy Pedot (CEO) Lars Nilsson (artistic director) Owner Fast Retailing (/wiki/Fast_Retailing) Comptoir des Cotonniers is a French (/wiki/Culture_of_France) contemporary fashion (/wiki/Fashion) brand established in 1995. Comptoirs des Cotonniers was bought by Fast Retailing (/wiki/Fast_Retailing) Group in 2005. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Founded in 1995 by Tony and Georgette Elicha in Toulouse, Comptoir des Cotonniers stemmed from the idea of mothers and daughters borrowing one another’s clothes, originally with matching collections for women and children. The family sold the company after a decade, with the children subsequently founding The Kooples (/wiki/The_Kooples) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In November 2013, Fast Retailing (/wiki/Fast_Retailing) appointed Nancy Pedot the new CEO (/wiki/CEO) of Comptoir des Cotonniers and Princesse Tam Tam. [3] (#cite_note-Nancy_Pedot_Named_CEO_of_Comptoir_des_Cotonniers-3) Creative directors [ edit ] 2013: Amélie Gillier [4] (#cite_note-Comptoir_des_Cotonniers,_Amélie_Gillier_Part_Ways-4) 2014–2016: Anne Valérie Hash (/wiki/Anne_Val%C3%A9rie_Hash) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Theory and Comptoir des Cotonniers Opening Retail Spaces in UNIQLO TOKYO - Realizing the UNIQLO TOKYO concept of "All of LifeWear Is Here" (https://www.fastretailing.com/eng/group/news/2010141100.html) 2020.10.14 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Christine Ajudua (3 April 2013), Global Branding in Their Blood (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/04/fashion/the-kooples-is-latest-foray-in-us-from-fashion-family.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-Nancy_Pedot_Named_CEO_of_Comptoir_des_Cotonniers_3-0) Socha, Miles (6 November 2013). "Nancy Pedot Named CEO of Comptoir des Cotonniers" (http://www.wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/nancy-pedot-named-ceo-of-comptoir-des-cottonniers-7265162?module=Business-latest) . WWD . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Comptoir_des_Cotonniers,_Amélie_Gillier_Part_Ways_4-0) Miles Socha and Joelle Diderich (December 19, 2013). "Comptoir des Cotonniers, Amélie Gillier Part Ways" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/creative-differences-7319994?src=nl/mornReport/20131219) . WWD . Retrieved 19 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Miles Socha (10 June 2014), Comptoir des Cotonniers Names Creative Director (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/comptoir-des-cotonniers-names-creative-director-7722082/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Laure Guilbault (17 February 2016), Anne-Valérie Hash, Comptoir des Cotonniers to Part Ways (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/anne-valerie-hash-comptoir-des-cotonniers-10355574/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . v t e Fast Retailing (/wiki/Fast_Retailing) Brands Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) Theory (/wiki/Theory_(clothing_retailer)) Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(fashion_brand)) J Brand (/wiki/J_Brand) Princesse Tam Tam GU (/wiki/GU_(retailer)) Comptoir des Cotonniers People Tadashi Yanai (/wiki/Tadashi_Yanai) This French corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Brazilian model and actress Renata Kuerten Kuerten in 2015 Born 14 September 1988 ( 1988-09-14 ) (age 35) Braço do Norte (/wiki/Bra%C3%A7o_do_Norte) Relatives Gustavo Kuerten (/wiki/Gustavo_Kuerten) (distant cousin) Renata Kuerten (born 14 September 1988) is a Brazilian model and TV presenter. Kuerten was raised in Braço do Norte (/wiki/Bra%C3%A7o_do_Norte) , Santa Catarina (/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She decided to become a model when she was ten years old and realized that dream when she was 16 years old. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Renata is the presenter for the programs, Conexão Models and Chega Mais , of RedeTV (/wiki/RedeTV!) in Brazil. [3] (#cite_note-3) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Personal life [ edit ] Kuerten, a practising Roman Catholic, is in a long-term relationship with lawyer, Beto Senna, with whom she has a daughter. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She is a distant cousin to the tennis player, Gustavo Kuerten (/wiki/Gustavo_Kuerten) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Júnior, Gilberto (10 December 2018). "Renata Kuerten fala sobre preparação para Sapucaí: 'Vontade de fazer algo diferente' (https://oglobo.globo.com/ela/gente/renata-kuerten-fala-sobre-preparacao-para-sapucai-vontade-de-fazer-algo-diferente-23284894) " (https://oglobo.globo.com/ela/gente/renata-kuerten-fala-sobre-preparacao-para-sapucai-vontade-de-fazer-algo-diferente-23284894) . O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 31 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tamanaha, Nádia (December 2013). "Renata Kuerten relembra carreira e fala sobre corpo: 'não mudaria nada' (https://www.terra.com.br/vida-e-estilo/moda/renata-kuerten-relembra-carreira-e-fala-sobre-corpo-nao-mudaria-nada,7238e6dbaf9c2410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html) " (https://www.terra.com.br/vida-e-estilo/moda/renata-kuerten-relembra-carreira-e-fala-sobre-corpo-nao-mudaria-nada,7238e6dbaf9c2410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html) . Terra (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 31 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Batista Jr., João (26 February 2017). "Programa 'Chega Mais' muda de nome e terá apenas Renata Kuerten no comando" (https://vejasp.abril.com.br/blog/terraco-paulistano/programa-8216-chega-mais-8217-muda-de-nome-e-tera-apenas-renata-kuerten-no-comando/) . Veja (/wiki/Veja_(magazine)) (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 31 March 2019 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Renata Kuerten (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Renata_Kuerten) . Renata Kuerten (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5561620/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) This biographical article about a Brazilian model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Estonian Fashion Designer Roberta Einer (born on March 1992 (/wiki/1992) ) is an Estonian (/wiki/Estonia) creative director and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She has worked for luxury fashion houses Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) and Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , prior to starting her eponymous brand. She is known for her contemporary knitwear virtuosity, [2] (#cite_note-2) and the use of crystals (/wiki/Swarovski_crystals) in her dresses, including one design with over 30,000 crystals applied by hand. [3] (#cite_note-3) She entered the North American (/wiki/North_America) market in 2021, at The Webster Miami (/wiki/The_Webster) . [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Early life [ edit ] Einer grew up in Tallinn (/wiki/Tallinn) , Estonia and hand made her first collection at age 12. [5] (#cite_note-5) She spent her childhood learning how to sew, crochet and embroider with her grandma. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Career [ edit ] In 2012, Einer at age 16 started working, alongside Irina Fedotova (/wiki/Irina_Fedotova_(model)) and Olivier Rousteing (/wiki/Olivier_Rousteing) , as an embroidery assistant at the Parisian heritage brand Balmain. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2017, she won the inaugural Saks (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) Emerging Designer Showcase, [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) and was invited to present at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) one year after founding her own brand, bypassing the usual requirement of three years of establishment set by the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Her entire Spring 2019 collection was featured in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine. [12] (#cite_note-12) Her brand has been worn by Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) , Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Jorja Smith (/wiki/Jorja_Smith) , Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) , and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) . [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) In 2020, she was featured in the Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) List. [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) Personal life [ edit ] Einer completed a foundation from Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) , and a fashion degree from University of Westminster (/wiki/University_of_Westminster) . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) She is a campaigner for gender equality in Estonia, [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) and has collaborated with Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) and Care Bears in the past on public-benefit projects. [15] (#cite_note-15) [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Lula Meets: Roberta Einer" (https://lulamag.com/lula-meets-roberta-einer/) . Lulamag . 2021-07-18 . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Roberta Einer Explores Knit Sensuality for SS23" (https://vmagazine.com/article/roberta-einer-explores-knit-sensuality-for-ss23/) . V Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Roberta Einer Revisits" (https://www.fashionsfinest.com/fashion/item/5724-roberta-einer-revisits) . www.fashionsfinest.com . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Webster Unveils Roberta Einer North American Exclusive" (https://vmagazine.com/article/the-webster-unveils-roberta-einer-north-american-exclusive/) . V Magazine . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Weinstock, Tish (2017-02-27). "10 things you need to know about roberta einer" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/pagea9/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-roberta-einer) . i-D . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ Jump up to: a b Weinstock, Tish (2017-02-27). "Ten things you need to know about roberta einer" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/pagea9/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-roberta-einer) . i-D . Retrieved 2022-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Uk, Elle (2016-06-02). "Roberta Einer, The Balmain Alumna Reinventing Eveningwear" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/roberta-einer-the-balmain-alumna-reinventing-eveningwear) . ELLE . Retrieved 2022-01-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "balmain alum roberta einer makes clothes for sophisticated barbie girls - i-D" (https://i-d.vice.com/amp/en_uk/article/xwx5pw/balmain-alum-roberta-einer-makes-clothes-for-sophisticated-barbie-girls) . i-d.vice.com . Retrieved 2022-01-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "London Fashion Week Celebrates Diversity with a Deconstructive Edge" (https://observer.com/2017/02/london-fashion-week-celebrates-diversity-with-a-deconstructive-edge/) . Observer . 2017-02-21 . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Westminster graduate Roberta Einer wins Saks Fifth Avenue competition \| University of Westminster" (https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/westminster-graduate-roberta-einer-wins-saks-fifth-avenue-competition) . www.westminster.ac.uk . Retrieved 2022-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Meet the 24-Year-Old Designer Who's Already Worked With Balmain and McQueen" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/roberta-einer-london-fashion-week-designer) . Teen Vogue . 2017-02-23 . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Roberta Einer Spring 2019 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2019-ready-to-wear/roberta-einer) . Vogue . 2018-09-18 . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Roberta Einer" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/roberta-einer/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tambur, Silver (2020-03-18). "Two Estonians included in the Forbes top young entrepreneurs in Europe list" (https://estonianworld.com/business/two-estonians-included-in-the-forbes-top-young-entrepreneurs-in-europe-list/) . Estonian World . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "LFW Roberta Einer S/S 2020" (https://www.dailymood.it/2019/09/17/lfw-roberta-einer-s-s-2020/) . Daily Mood (in Italian). 2019-09-17 . Retrieved 2022-01-05 . External links [ edit ] Roberta Einer official website (https://www.robertaeiner.com/) This Estonian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion designer Robert L. Spencer (1920–2014) was an American fashion designer, best known as longtime partner of Richard Blackwell (/wiki/Richard_Blackwell) for nearly 60 years. Spencer was born in 1920 in Indianapolis. [1] (#cite_note-1) During the 1950s, Spencer took up professional hairdressing and became a hairdresser in Beverley Hills. He was a dear friend of actors Cary Grant (/wiki/Cary_Grant) and Randolph Scott (/wiki/Randolph_Scott) , and even finalized their hair in certain movies. While visiting Spencer, Grant and Scott introduced Richard Blackwell to Spencer. Soon after, the pair established the first Blackwell fashion company in 1958. As Spencer and Blackwell became more popular throughout Los Angeles, Spencer produced the Blackwell's ABC Radio show and The Mr. Blackwell Show in 1964. Throughout the entire 60s, 70s and 80s, Spencer and Blackwell designed clothing for many celebrities, including Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) , Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) and Jane Russell (/wiki/Jane_Russell) . Once Blackwell had died in 2008, he gave away Blackwell's last and final designed dress to Kate Linder (/wiki/Kate_Linder) . Spencer died from a heart attack in Los Angeles on March 1, 2014, aged 94. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Longtime Partner of Mr. Blackwell, Robert L. Spencer Dies in LA" (http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Longtime-Partner-of-Mr-Blackwell-Robert-L-Spencer-Dies-in-LA-20140302#.UyRp_T9_vqo) . Broadway World . Retrieved 15 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "ROBERT L. SPENCER, PARTNER OF LATE FASHION ICON MR. BLACKWELL, IS DEAD" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/robert-l-spencer-partner-late-684850) . The Hollywood Reporter. 2 March 2014 . Retrieved 15 March 2014 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐77ccb7d944‐h5gbs Cached time: 20240709145204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.142 seconds Real time usage: 0.228 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 288/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4489/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 430/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8150/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.095/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3485976/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 218.092 1 -total 45.06% 98.273 1 Template:Reflist 38.51% 83.986 2 Template:Cite_web 33.03% 72.046 1 Template:Short_description 21.01% 45.811 1 Template:Authority_control 18.18% 39.656 2 Template:Pagetype 9.65% 21.049 3 Template:Main_other 8.67% 18.898 1 Template:SDcat 0.88% 1.911 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42210441-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709145204 and revision id 1165068517. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Spencer&oldid=1165068517 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Spencer&oldid=1165068517) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920 births (/wiki/Category:1920_births) 2014 deaths (/wiki/Category:2014_deaths) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Artists from Indianapolis (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Indianapolis) LGBT fashion designers (/wiki/Category:LGBT_fashion_designers) People from Beverly Hills, California (/wiki/Category:People_from_Beverly_Hills,_California) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) American modeling and acting school Barbizon Modeling and Acting School Location Tampa, Florida (/wiki/Tampa,_Florida) Information Type Acting and modeling school Established 1939 (85 years ago) ( 1939 ) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , United States Website www (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) .barbizonmodeling (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) .com (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) Barbizon Modeling and Acting School is an international modeling (/wiki/Model_(person)) and acting (/wiki/Acting) school headquartered in Tampa, Florida (/wiki/Tampa,_Florida) . The school provides instructional courses in the domain of modeling and personal development. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The first Barbizon School of Modeling and Acting was opened in 1939 on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , by Helen Fraser, [5] (#cite_note-5) a fashion model and teacher with her husband, Dr. Fraser, a dentist. The Barbizon name was developed from the Fraser's vacations to France where they became interested in the town of Barbizon (/wiki/Barbizon) , a village outside of Paris known for the 19th-century Barbizon school (/wiki/Barbizon_school) of painters. She wrote a book Assignment in Modeling: A Guide to a Career in Fashion and Photographic Modeling". [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1950, Helen met Ronald Reagan (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) , who would later become President of the United States (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) , and awarded him with the Best-Dressed Man in America award she established. In 1951, Helen acted as a celebrity judge for the Miss Brooklyn Pageant, alongside actress Denise Darcel (/wiki/Denise_Darcel) and comedian Steve Allen (/wiki/Steve_Allen) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Locations [ edit ] Barbizon Modeling and Acting Centers are located in more than 200 markets across the United States. International locations include Bangkok, Toronto, Santo Domingo and Japan. College scholarship [ edit ] In 1992, Barbizon initiated a college scholarship (/wiki/Scholarship) program, paying up to $100,000 of tuition [8] (#cite_note-8) to scholarship recipients for any college or university in the United States (/wiki/United_States) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Notable alumni [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Barbizon_Modeling_and_Acting_School) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Barbizon Modeling and Acting School" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Nicole Gale Anderson (/wiki/Nicole_Gale_Anderson) David Archuleta (/wiki/David_Archuleta) ( American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) contestant) Moisés Arias (/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Arias) Drew Tyler Bell (/wiki/Drew_Tyler_Bell) Haley Bennett (/wiki/Haley_Bennett) Caressa Cameron (/wiki/Caressa_Cameron) – ( Miss America (/wiki/Miss_America) 2010) Carmen Electra (/wiki/Carmen_Electra) (thanked Barbizon in her self-help book (/wiki/Self-help_book) ) Sean Faris (/wiki/Sean_Faris) Lyndsy Fonseca (/wiki/Lyndsy_Fonseca) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) (model) June Kirby (/wiki/June_Kirby) - actress and model [10] (#cite_note-10) Karen Montell (/wiki/Karen_Montell) - politician and model [11] (#cite_note-11) Gena Lee Nolin (/wiki/Gena_Lee_Nolin) – named Miss Barbizon [12] (#cite_note-12) Condoleezza Rice (/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice) – former U.S. Secretary of State (/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State) ; referenced Barbizon in her autobiography as one of her early stepping stones [13] (#cite_note-13) Zach Roerig (/wiki/Zach_Roerig) Sofia Vassilieva (/wiki/Sofia_Vassilieva) Ryan Phillippe (/wiki/Ryan_Phillippe) Giuliana Rancic (/wiki/Giuliana_Rancic) (entertainment journalist) Audrey Marie Anderson (/wiki/Audrey_Marie_Anderson) Tera Patrick (/wiki/Tera_Patrick) (pornographic actress and model) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) Schools portal (/wiki/Portal:Schools) Lists of schools (/wiki/Lists_of_schools) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jackson, Shaaron (2010). Teen Age Guide to Self-Development and Modeling: Start Working Toward A Better You . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781453504390 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bumiller, Elisabeth (2009). Condoleezza Rice: An American Life . Random House (/wiki/Random_House) . p. 64 (https://archive.org/details/condoleezzaricea00bumi_0/page/64) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Figueroa-Jones, Madeline. "Interview With PLUS Model Magazine Cover Model… Valerie Lefkowitz" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145429/http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=715000518) . Plus Model Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=715000518) on June 26, 2015 . Retrieved November 5, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Barbizon Advantage" (http://www.pageantrymagazine.com/magazine/Modeling_and_Talent/Barbizon/2006/d06/d06_Barbizon_advantage.htm) . Pageantry Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Barbizon Modeling and Agency 1939 to Unveil Audience on Demand Crowd Placement Service" (http://www.prunderground.com/barbizon-modeling-and-agency-1939-to-unveil-audience-on-demand-crowd-placement-service/0034368/) . Retrieved April 26, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fraser, Helen (1950). Assignment in modeling: A Guide to a Career in Fashion and Photographic Modeling . Whittlesey House (/wiki/Whittlesey_House) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Brooklyn Daily Eagle" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/52859584/) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Peterson's (August 15, 2012). Scholarships, Grants & Prizes 2012 . Peterson's (/wiki/Peterson%27s) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780768935813 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Houpt, Paige. "Allen Park: High School Student Earns $100,000 Scholarship" (http://www.thenewsherald.com/articles/2011/05/21/news/doc4dd6b2e38408e593606502.txt) . The News Herald (/wiki/The_News-Herald_(Southgate,_Michigan)) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Samuel Claesson (March 31, 2023). Top Models . Sequoia Press. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9798889921806 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Karen Montell" (https://ballotpedia.org/Karen_Montell) . Ballotpedia . Retrieved February 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Nolin, Gena Lee (/wiki/Gena_Lee_Nolin) (October 8, 2013). Beautiful Inside and Out: Conquering Thyroid Disease with a Healthy, Happy, "Thyroid Sexy" Life . p. 19. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781451687224 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Bumiller, Elisabeth (2009). Condoleezza Rice: An American Life . 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Polish fashion designer (born 1977) Dawid Woliński Born ( 1977-03-12 ) 12 March 1977 (age 47) Włocławek (/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek) , Poland (/wiki/Poland) Nationality Polish Education Artistic Occupation Fashion designer Website http://www.dawidwolinski.com/ (http://www.dawidwolinski.com/) Dawid Woliński (born 1977 in Włocławek (/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek) , Poland (/wiki/Poland) ) is a Polish fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . His clothes are worn by celebrities such as Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , Nicole Richie (/wiki/Nicole_Richie) , Dita von Teese (/wiki/Dita_von_Teese) , Michelle Rodriguez (/wiki/Michelle_Rodriguez) or Zuzanna Czerniej (/w/index.php?title=Zuzanna_Czerniej&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-topmodeltvn-2) Biography [ edit ] Having approached fashion (/wiki/Fashion) for the first time when still in high school, he went on to study at the Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im. Władysława Strzemińskiego (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademia_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_im._W%C5%82adys%C5%82awa_Strzemi%C5%84skiego) in Łódź (/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA) . Woliński designed his first collection in 2003. His second collection was presented at the Lisbon Fashion Week 2005. That collection was later featured on the covers of the German (/wiki/Germany) and Portugal (/wiki/Portugal) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2006 Dawid Woliński signed a contract with Tracey Ross and Maxfield in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [2] (#cite_note-topmodeltvn-2) His last collection was presented in Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) on December 15, 2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) He founded an online flower shop. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) He has been a host on the Polish Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model) until 2011 where he once caused a stir when he checked, on stage and by himself, if a participant's breasts were real. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Personal life [ edit ] He has a daughter, Olivia, with his ex-partner Barbara. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] List of Poles (/wiki/List_of_Poles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Wywiady zobacz viewpointer 1 artykul dawid wolinski uwielbiam robic dekonstrukcje - Wyniki wyszukiwania - Gala.pl" (http://www.gala.pl/gwiazdy/wywiady/zobacz/viewpointer/1/artykul/dawid-wolinski-uwielbiam-robic-dekonstrukcje.html) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Top Model, program - oficjalna strona stacji TVN" (http://topmodel.tvn.pl/ekipa,dawid-wolinski,157.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Moda - Styl.pl - Twoja inspiracja" (http://www.styl.pl/moda/projektanci/projektant-dawid-wolinski,dId,254) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Top Model, program - oficjalna strona stacji TVN" (http://topmodel.tvn.pl/16673,ania-kontra-olga-ktora-poradzila-sobie-lepiej-na-wybiegu,1,news.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Top model na pokazie Wolińskiego" (http://www.fakt.pl/Top-model-na-pokazie-Wolinskiego,artykuly,140092,1.html) . 16 March 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b "Dawid Woliński kończy 45 lat. Tych rzeczy mogliście nie wiedzieć o jurorze "Top Model" (https://plejada.pl/programy/dawid-wolinski-konczy-45-lat-corka-skandale-nagie-zdjecia/z2pffhz) " (https://plejada.pl/programy/dawid-wolinski-konczy-45-lat-corka-skandale-nagie-zdjecia/z2pffhz) . Plejada (in Polish). 2022-03-12 . Retrieved 2024-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Woliński nie pozwala córce mówić do siebie "tato" (https://archive.today/20150910185853/http://www.tvnstyle.pl/aktualnosci,1865,n/wolinski-nie-pozwala-corce-mowic-do-siebie-tato,99814.html) " (https://archive.today/20150910185853/http://www.tvnstyle.pl/aktualnosci,1865,n/wolinski-nie-pozwala-corce-mowic-do-siebie-tato,99814.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.tvnstyle.pl/aktualnosci,1865,n/wolinski-nie-pozwala-corce-mowic-do-siebie-tato,99814.html) on 2015-09-10 . Retrieved 2019-04-02 . 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Malawi portal (/wiki/Portal:Malawi) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐lfrn6 Cached time: 20240715054307 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.048 seconds Real time usage: 0.122 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1496/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 736571/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 52.485 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 52.485 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38713511-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715054307 and revision id 1050932480. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Malawian fashion designers" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Lily Alfonso (/wiki/Lily_Alfonso) K Lillian Koreia (/wiki/Lillian_Koreia) N Vanessa Nsona (/wiki/Vanessa_Nsona) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Malawian_fashion_designers&oldid=1050932480 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Malawian_fashion_designers&oldid=1050932480) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : African fashion designers (/wiki/Category:African_fashion_designers) Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Malawian fashion (/wiki/Category:Malawian_fashion) Malawian designers (/wiki/Category:Malawian_designers)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is 2010s in fashion (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) . See also: Category:2010s clothing (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1970s (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) 2010s 2020s (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) 2030s 2040s 2050s 2060s 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ktz56 Cached time: 20240720170636 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.183 seconds Real time usage: 0.309 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 557/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30678/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3034/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 24/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10470/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.112/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1681212/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 291.392 1 -total 41.97% 122.286 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 30.32% 88.359 1 Template:Commons_category 29.31% 85.398 1 Template:Sister_project 28.69% 83.588 1 Template:Side_box 16.64% 48.486 2 Template:If_then_show 11.83% 34.459 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 11.17% 32.552 2 Template:Category_other 10.40% 30.291 1 Template:Cat_main 9.60% 27.971 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25651160-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170636 and revision id 1131804587. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. 0–9 2010 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2010_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 9 P) 2011 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2011_in_fashion) ‎ (7 P) 2012 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2012_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 6 P) 2013 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2013_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 7 P) 2014 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2014_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 9 P) 2015 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2015_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 6 P) 2016 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2016_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 9 P) 2017 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2017_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 3 P) 2018 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2018_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 7 P) 2019 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2019_in_fashion) ‎ (6 P) G Goth subculture (/wiki/Category:Goth_subculture) ‎ (11 C, 77 P) Pages in category "2010s fashion" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 347 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&pagefrom=Mall+goth#mw-pages) ) 2010s in fashion (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) 0–9 7 for All Mankind (/wiki/7_for_All_Mankind) A A-line (clothing) (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Adidas Campus (/wiki/Adidas_Campus) Adidas Forum (/wiki/Adidas_Forum) Adidas Gazelle (/wiki/Adidas_Gazelle) Adidas Handball Spezial (/wiki/Adidas_Handball_Spezial) Adidas NMD (/wiki/Adidas_NMD) Adidas Superstar (/wiki/Adidas_Superstar) Adidas Top Ten (/wiki/Adidas_Top_Ten) Adidas Ultraboost (/wiki/Adidas_Ultraboost) Adidas Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Aéropostale (company) (/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(company)) Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) Ally Capellino (/wiki/Ally_Capellino) Alo Yoga (/wiki/Alo_Yoga) Alternative fashion (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) American Eagle Outfitters (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) American fiber helmet (/wiki/American_fiber_helmet) Animal hat (/wiki/Animal_hat) Anti Social Social Club (/wiki/Anti_Social_Social_Club) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) Arckiv (/wiki/Arckiv) Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) Arm warmer (/wiki/Arm_warmer) Armani Exchange (/wiki/Armani_Exchange) Asics Gel-Kayano 14 (/wiki/Asics_Gel-Kayano_14) Asics Gel-Lyte III (/wiki/Asics_Gel-Lyte_III) Askov Finlayson (/wiki/Askov_Finlayson) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Aviator sunglasses (/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses) B Baby Phat (/wiki/Baby_Phat) Baguette (bag) (/wiki/Baguette_(bag)) Bandage dress (/wiki/Bandage_dress) Bearpaw (brand) (/wiki/Bearpaw_(brand)) Beats Electronics (/wiki/Beats_Electronics) Belber (/wiki/Belber) Sara Berman (fashion designer) (/wiki/Sara_Berman_(fashion_designer)) Bermuda shorts (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Black Versace dress of Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) Blackstock & Weber (/wiki/Blackstock_%26_Weber) Blue Prada dress of Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Blue_Prada_dress_of_Lupita_Nyong%27o) Body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) Bodysuit (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bon chic bon genre (/wiki/Bon_chic_bon_genre) Boyfriend (fashion) (/wiki/Boyfriend_(fashion)) Brideside (/wiki/Brideside) Brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) BRWNGRLZ (/wiki/BRWNGRLZ) Bucket hat (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Bucketfeet (/wiki/Bucketfeet) Buckle (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Buckle_(clothing_retailer)) Bumpits (/wiki/Bumpits) Jon Buscemi (/wiki/Jon_Buscemi) C Cactus Plant Flea Market (/wiki/Cactus_Plant_Flea_Market) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Capelli Sport (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Cardigan (sweater) (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) Carhartt (/wiki/Carhartt) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Cavalier boot (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Charles & Keith (/wiki/Charles_%26_Keith) Chav (/wiki/Chav) Che Guevara in fashion (/wiki/Che_Guevara_in_fashion) The Chelsea Cobbler (/wiki/The_Chelsea_Cobbler) Cherokee Inc. (/wiki/Cherokee_Inc.) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Christmas jumper (/wiki/Christmas_jumper) Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) Circa (company) (/wiki/Circa_(company)) Clements Ribeiro (/wiki/Clements_Ribeiro) Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) Comptoir des Cotonniers (/wiki/Comptoir_des_Cotonniers) Converse (brand) (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Country bohemian style (/wiki/Country_bohemian_style) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) Crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) Cutler and Gross (/wiki/Cutler_and_Gross) Cybergoth (/wiki/Cybergoth) D DC Shoes (/wiki/DC_Shoes) Denim skirt (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Designer stubble (/wiki/Designer_stubble) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) Digital fashion (/wiki/Digital_fashion) DL1961 (/wiki/DL1961) Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) The dress (/wiki/The_dress) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) DSTLD (/wiki/DSTLD) DVS Shoes (/wiki/DVS_Shoes) E E-kid (/wiki/E-kid) The Elder Statesman (brand) (/wiki/The_Elder_Statesman_(brand)) Element Skateboards (/wiki/Element_Skateboards) Elite Model Look International 2013 (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look_International_2013) Elite Model Look International 2016 (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look_International_2016) Emmett London (/wiki/Emmett_London) EMU Australia (/wiki/EMU_Australia) Engagement dress of Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Engagement_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) Etnies (/wiki/Etnies) Everlane (/wiki/Everlane) Exercise dress (/wiki/Exercise_dress) F Faherty Brand (/wiki/Faherty_Brand) By Far (/wiki/By_Far) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Fashion Nova (/wiki/Fashion_Nova) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) FEED Projects (/wiki/FEED_Projects) Fenty (fashion house) (/wiki/Fenty_(fashion_house)) Fenty X Puma (/wiki/Fenty_X_Puma) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Flannel (/wiki/Flannel) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Flipsters (/wiki/Flipsters) Fluffy (footwear) (/wiki/Fluffy_(footwear)) Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) FUBU (/wiki/FUBU) G Galvan (fashion brand) (/wiki/Galvan_(fashion_brand)) Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Gattinoni (/wiki/Gattinoni) Geek (/wiki/Geek) Gel bracelet (/wiki/Gel_bracelet) Genderless fashion in Japan (/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan) General Eyewear (/wiki/General_Eyewear) Gilly Hicks (/wiki/Gilly_Hicks) Go-go boot (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Goggle jacket (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Gothic fashion (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) Gothic Western (/wiki/Gothic_Western) Granny hair trend (/wiki/Granny_hair_trend) Grunge fashion (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) Gypsy Sport (/wiki/Gypsy_Sport) H H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) Harem pants (/wiki/Harem_pants) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Heavy metal fashion (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) Heelys, Inc. (/wiki/Heelys,_Inc.) Heidi.com (/wiki/Heidi.com) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) High-rise (fashion) (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) Hollister Co. (/wiki/Hollister_Co.) Holzweiler (/wiki/Holzweiler) Horn-rimmed glasses (/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses) Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) Hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) Hurley International (/wiki/Hurley_International) I Inamorata (brand) (/wiki/Inamorata_(brand)) Indie sleaze (/wiki/Indie_sleaze) Internet Girl (/wiki/Internet_Girl) ISKO (clothing company) (/wiki/ISKO_(clothing_company)) Island Company (/wiki/Island_Company) Nomination bracelet (/wiki/Nomination_bracelet) Ivy League (haircut) (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Ivy Park (/wiki/Ivy_Park) J Jeggings (/wiki/Jeggings) Jenni Rivera Fashion (/wiki/Jenni_Rivera_Fashion) Jennifer Lopez Collection (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_Collection) The Jessica Simpson Collection (/wiki/The_Jessica_Simpson_Collection) Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) John Varvatos (company) (/wiki/John_Varvatos_(company)) Joules (clothing) (/wiki/Joules_(clothing)) Juicy Couture (/wiki/Juicy_Couture) K Kappa (brand) (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kate Spade New York (/wiki/Kate_Spade_New_York) Keds (/wiki/Keds) Kering (/wiki/Kering) Kiks Tyo (/wiki/Kiks_Tyo) Kotn (/wiki/Kotn) L L.E.I. (/wiki/L.E.I.) Lampshade hat (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Lee (brand) (/wiki/Lee_(brand)) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Lensless glasses (/wiki/Lensless_glasses) Leotard (/wiki/Leotard) Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) Lightweight Helmet (/wiki/Lightweight_Helmet) List of Alexander McQueen collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Longchamp (company) (/wiki/Longchamp_(company)) Lotto Sport Italia (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Lucky Brand Jeans (/wiki/Lucky_Brand_Jeans) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) M M JO (/wiki/M_JO) Mackinaw cloth (/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&pagefrom=Mall+goth#mw-pages) ) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&oldid=1131804587 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2010s_fashion&oldid=1131804587) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 21st-century fashion (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 2010s in the arts (/wiki/Category:2010s_in_the_arts) 2010s fads and trends (/wiki/Category:2010s_fads_and_trends) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 301–600 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_301%E2%80%93600_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
1902 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1902) 1903 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1903) 1904 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1904) 1905 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1905) 1906 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1906) 1907 1908 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1908) 1909 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1909) 1910 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1910) 1911 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1911) 1912 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1912) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐b7jvt Cached time: 20240718083056 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.174 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.062/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 165.011 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 165.011 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55561643-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083056 and revision id 974955923. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1907" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . K Kaufman Footwear (/wiki/Kaufman_Footwear) T Troentorp Clogs (/wiki/Troentorp_Clogs) W White Stag (clothing) (/wiki/White_Stag_(clothing)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1907&oldid=974955923 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1907&oldid=974955923) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1900s fashion (/wiki/Category:1900s_fashion) Design companies established in 1907 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1907) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1907 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1907) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
(Redirected from Go to hell pants (/w/index.php?title=Go_to_hell_pants&redirect=no) ) Type of slacks that have garish colors or patterns Go-to-hell pants Type trousers Go-to-hell pants are a type of slacks that have garish colors or patterns. The trousers have a classic cut. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) They are worn as casual dress, but typically the only outlandish piece in an outfit. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) Lime green is a popular color, but other colors are common. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) Patterns or embroidered figures are common as well, as long as they are not too transgressive. [1] (#cite_note-Birnbach-1) The term dates to the 1910s and refers to fashion disregarding norms of good taste. [2] (#cite_note-Glenn-2) The pants became very popular among east-coast (/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States) elites in the 1950s. [3] (#cite_note-Shapira-3) They came back into fashion in 2021. [4] (#cite_note-Hyland-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Birnbach, Lisa (1980). The official preppy handbook . New York: Workman Publishing. p. 193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780894801402 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 6762701 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6762701) . Retrieved 2 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glenn_2-0) Glenn, Joshua; Kingwell, Mark (29 September 2021). The Adventurer's Glossary . McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780228009481 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1246250152 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1246250152) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231101212327/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Adventurer_s_Glossary/rPYrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) from the original on 1 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Shapira_3-0) Shapira, J.A. (17 August 2015). "Go To Hell Pants: A Game of Sartorial Chicken" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/go-to-hell-pants/) . Gentleman's Gazette . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231101212320/https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/go-to-hell-pants/) from the original on 1 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hyland_4-0) Hyland, Véronique (28 June 2021). "The Impolite Return of "Go-To-Hell Pants" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) " (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) . Elle . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173218/https://www.elle.com/fashion/a36827582/printed-pants-trend-fall-2021/) from the original on 10 August 2022 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Go-to-hell_pants&oldid=1223551160 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Go-to-hell_pants&oldid=1223551160) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Trousers and shorts (/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts) American fashion (/wiki/Category:American_fashion) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from November 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2023) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Single sock in a pair of socks known or perceived to be missing Not to be confused with One Sock Missing (/wiki/One_Sock_Missing) . A single sock in the "lost items" basket of a laundromat A missing sock , lost sock , or odd sock (primarily British English (/wiki/British_English) ) [1] (#cite_note-hawking-penrose-1) [2] (#cite_note-samsung-2) is a single sock in a pair of socks known or perceived (/wiki/Perception) to be permanently or temporarily missing. Socks are usually perceived to be lost immediately before, during, or immediately after doing laundry (/wiki/Laundry) . According to popular media (/wiki/News_media) articles regarding missing socks, people almost always report losing one sock in a pair, and hardly ever the entire pair of two socks. Various explanations or theories (/wiki/Theory) —some scientific or pseudo-scientific (/wiki/Pseudoscience) and others humorous or facetious—have been proposed to show how or why single socks go missing or are perceived to have gone missing. The terms odd sock or mismatched sock may instead refer to the remaining "orphaned" sock in a pair where the other matching sock is missing or lost. Plausible explanations [ edit ] Two common plausible (/wiki/Plausible_reasoning) explanations for missing socks are that they are lost in transit to or from the laundry (/wiki/Laundry) , or that they are trapped inside, between, or behind components of ("eaten by") washing machines (/wiki/Washing_machine) or clothes dryers (/wiki/Clothes_dryer) . Due to the high rotational (/wiki/Rotation) speeds of modern front-loading washing machines and dryers, it may be possible for small clothes items such as socks to slip through any holes or tears in the rubber (/wiki/Rubber) gasket (/wiki/Gasket) between either machine's spinning drums and their outer metal or plastic cases. Socks may also bunch up or unravel and get caught in the water drain pipe of washing machines or in the lint (/wiki/Lint_(material)) trap of dryers. [3] (#cite_note-lowe-3) [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In 2008, American science educator (/wiki/Science_education) and writer (/wiki/Science_journalism) George B. Johnson (/wiki/George_B._Johnson) proposed several hypotheses (/wiki/Hypothesis) for why socks go missing: during the drying cycle, socks are caught inside other clothing (/wiki/Clothing) such as trousers (/wiki/Trousers) or long- sleeved (/wiki/Sleeve) shirts (/wiki/Shirt) due to static cling (/wiki/Static_cling) ; socks are lost somewhere in the home or elsewhere while being transported to or from the laundry; socks are lost during washing, getting stuck inside components of the washing machine; or; socks are lost during drying, getting stuck inside components of the dryer. [5] (#cite_note-johnson-5) In his particular case, Johnson rejected all hypotheses except the last one, as it was possible for small items like socks to slip behind the dryer's spinning drum because of gaps between the drum and the dryer's outer metal case. [5] (#cite_note-johnson-5) A 2016 pseudo-scientific consumer study commissioned by Samsung Electronics (/wiki/Samsung_Electronics) UK (to advertise their new washing machines where users could add more laundry to a load one piece at a time) referenced multiple human errors (/wiki/Human_error) —including errors of human perception (/wiki/Human_perception) or psychology (/wiki/Psychology) —to explain why socks go missing: they may become mismatched by poor folding and sorting of laundry, be intentionally misplaced or stolen, fall in hard-to-reach or hard-to-see spaces behind furniture (/wiki/Furniture) or radiators (/wiki/Radiator) , or blow off of clothes lines (/wiki/Clothes_line) in high wind. [2] (#cite_note-samsung-2) Diffusion of responsibility (/wiki/Diffusion_of_responsibility) , poor heuristics (/wiki/Heuristic) , and confirmation bias (/wiki/Confirmation_bias) were the cited psychological reasons. [2] (#cite_note-samsung-2) For example: people may not search for lost socks because they assume others are searching; people search for lost socks in the likeliest places they could have been lost but not in the places where they are actually lost; or people may believe socks are or are not lost because they want to believe so despite evidence (/wiki/Evidence) to the contrary, respectively. [2] (#cite_note-samsung-2) The authors of the Samsung study developed an equation (/wiki/Equation) called the "sock loss formula" or "sock loss index" which claims to predict the frequency of sock loss for a given individual: Sock loss index = ( L + C ) − − ( P × × A ) {\displaystyle {\text{Sock loss index}}=(L+C)-(P\times A)} , where L equals laundry size (number of people in a household multiplied by the number of weekly laundry loads), C equals "washing complexity" (the number of types of laundry loads such as dark clothes versus white clothes done in a week multiplied by the total number of socks in those loads), P equals the positive or negative attitude of the individual toward doing laundry on a scale of 1 (most negative) to 5 (most positive), and A equals the "degree of attention" the individual has when doing laundry (the sum of whether the individual checks pockets (/wiki/Pocket) , unrolls sleeves, turns clothes the right way if they have been turned inside out, and unrolls socks). [2] (#cite_note-samsung-2) Complementary to the previous explanations, it was also suggested that other small clothes (of which people usually have many items and that get washed often) such as underpants, are lost as often as socks, but people do not notice that as often because they don't come in matching pairs. The existence of the non-paired remaining sock draws attention to the lost sock in a way that cannot happen with clothes that naturally come in singles and not pairs. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Another suggestion made in this context is that since most people usually take off their socks, but not their underpants, when going to sleep, [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) there is a higher chance for socks to get lost in the bedroom (e.g. pushed under the bed or taken by a pet as a toy). [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Prevention [ edit ] Home appliance (/wiki/Home_appliance) repair and design (/wiki/Industrial_design) specialists from Sears (/wiki/Sears) and GE (/wiki/General_Electric) suggest not overloading laundry machines and repairing any holes in the gaskets between the spinning drums and the rest of the machines to avoid losing socks in them. [3] (#cite_note-lowe-3) Other practical suggestions include: Keeping the sock pairs together: Before throwing the socks in the dirty clothes bin securely attach each pair of matching socks together with a safety pin or a rugged clothespin, or a plastic ring. There are also commercial products dedicated for this purpose. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Separating the socks and other small items from other types of laundry, either by washing them is a separate load or by putting them in the machine in a mesh-bag: This will prevent the small items from getting lost inside larger things such as blanket covers. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Giving up on preventing the loss of socks and buying many pairs of exactly the same socks. Thus, even if some socks will get lost over time it wouldn't matter so much (or won't even be noticed). [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Alternatively one can get used to wearing mismatched socks. [9] (#cite_note-9) [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Humorous explanations [ edit ] Some explanations for the phenomenon jokingly suggest that socks have some innate propensity for going missing, and that this may be a physical property (/wiki/Physics) of the universe (/wiki/Universe) . For example, in the 1996 book The Nature of Space and Time (/wiki/The_Nature_of_Space_and_Time) by the physicists Stephen Hawking (/wiki/Stephen_Hawking) and Nobel laureate Roger Penrose (/wiki/Roger_Penrose) , they posit that spontaneous black holes (/wiki/Black_hole) are responsible for lost socks. [1] (#cite_note-hawking-penrose-1) In his 2008 examination of the phenomenon, George B. Johnson (/wiki/George_B._Johnson) also rejected two humorous hypotheses (/wiki/Hypothesis) for why socks go missing: that an " intrinsic property (/wiki/Intrinsic_and_extrinsic_properties_(philosophy)) " of the socks themselves predisposes or causes them to go missing; and that the socks transform into something else, such as clothes hangers (/wiki/Clothes_hanger) . [5] (#cite_note-johnson-5) In popular culture [ edit ] Humorous prohibitory traffic sign (/wiki/Prohibitory_traffic_sign) referencing the missing sock phenomenon The Bobs (/wiki/The_Bobs) ' 1988 song "Where Does the Wayward Footwear Go?", asks where lost socks disappear to, asking "To the bottom of the ocean? Or to China? Or to Cuba? Or Aruba?". A 1993 album by the American indie rock (/wiki/Indie_rock) band Grifters (/wiki/Grifters_(band)) is titled One Sock Missing (/wiki/One_Sock_Missing) . In the 2001 American children's film Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge (/wiki/Halloweentown_II:_Kalabar%27s_Revenge) , lost objects including socks are magically transported to the home of a character named Gort, who is a compulsive hoarder (/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding) . American illustrator and voice actor Harry S. Robins (/wiki/Harry_S._Robins) wrote and illustrated a book titled The Meaning of Lost and Mismatched Socks . In the British children's book series Oddies (/wiki/Oddies) , odd socks are transported to a planet called Oddieworld by a magical washing machine. The online sock subscription service (/wiki/Subscription_service) and retailer Blacksocks (/wiki/Blacksocks) was supposedly started after its founder wore mismatched socks to a Japanese tea ceremony (/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony) . See also [ edit ] Abductive reasoning (/wiki/Abductive_reasoning) Effort heuristic (/wiki/Effort_heuristic) Guesstimate (/wiki/Guesstimate) Smelly socks (/wiki/Smelly_socks) Spherical cow (/wiki/Spherical_cow) Viral phenomenon (/wiki/Viral_phenomenon) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hawking, Stephen; Penrose, Roger (1996). The Nature of Space and Time (2010 Thirteenth reprinting ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (/wiki/Princeton_University_Press) . p. 59. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781400834747 . Retrieved 11 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Moore, Simon; Ellis, Geoff (25 April 2016). "Sock, Horror – Mystery of Missing Socks is Solved! Scientists Reveal Why Socks Go Missing in the Wash and How Likely it is to Happen" (https://news.samsung.com/global/sock-horror-mystery-of-missing-socks-is-solved-scientists-reveal-why-socks-go-missing-in-the-wash-and-how-likely-it-is-to-happen) . Samsung Newsroom . Samsung Electronics UK . Retrieved 11 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lowe, Lindsay (4 May 2018). "Do washing machines and dryers eat your missing socks?" (https://www.today.com/home/do-washing-machines-dryers-eat-your-missing-socks-t127915) . TODAY . NBC . Retrieved 11 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "How to Solve the Mystery of the Missing Sock" (https://www.cnet.com/home/how-to-solve-the-mystery-of-the-missing-sock/) . CNET . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Johnson, George B. (8 November 2008). "On Science: The Case of the Missing Socks" (https://news.stlpublicradio.org/health-science-environment/2008-11-18/on-science-the-case-of-the-missing-socks) . St. Louis Public Radio . St. Louis Public Radio (/wiki/KWMU) ( NPR (/wiki/NPR) ) . Retrieved 11 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fishler, Doron (24 October 2023). Where do socks really disappear into? (https://www.osimhistoria.com/theanswer/ep148--socks) (in Hebrew). Making History Network . Retrieved 12 March 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sun, Mengqi. " (https://www.wsj.com/health/wellness/sleep-tips-wear-socks-to-bed-benefits-5d99a2c3) 'If You Sleep in Socks You're a Psychopath.' Health Tip Kicks Up Controversy" (https://www.wsj.com/health/wellness/sleep-tips-wear-socks-to-bed-benefits-5d99a2c3) . WSJ . Retrieved 2024-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "POLL: American Sex Survey" (https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/PollVault/story?id=156921&page=1) . ABC News . Retrieved 2024-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Spencer, Ben (2024-03-24). "Where do all the socks disappear to? A scientific investigation" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/where-do-all-the-socks-disappear-to-a-scientific-investigation-3dwbczbz3) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . 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Biannual fashion week in Berlin, Germany Escada Sport show opening look at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin Season Spring/Summer 2013 Berlin Fashion Week 2013 Berlin Fashion Week ( Berliner Modewoche ) is a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held twice annually (in January and July) in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) . Since its establishment in July 2007 it has gained great international attention for its many creative young designers who are flourishing in the fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) of Berlin. [1] (#cite_note-1) Since July 2011, the event has taken place part in front of the Brandenburg Gate (/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate) . Mercedes-Benz (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) is the main sponsor of the fashion week. Young fashion [ edit ] Since the Spring/Summer 2012 season, Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week features young international talents in an exclusive show in cooperation with Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Fashion entrepreneurs (/wiki/Entrepreneur) can vie in the Start your Fashion Business competition. Another important event for young designers is the Designer for Tomorrow Award , which is held every summer season. A jury, which famous designer Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) belongs to, chooses a winner who will be able to present his own show in the next winter season. Another specialty is the Berlin U-Bahn (/wiki/Berlin_U-Bahn) fashion show, that takes place in a chartered train of the U5 line (/wiki/U5_(Berlin_U-Bahn)) . Fashion fairs [ edit ] Different trade fairs are an essential part of the Berlin Fashion Week, such as Bread & Butter (/wiki/Bread_%26_Butter_(tradeshow)) , Premium Fair , Bright Tradeshow , (capsule) , Show&Order , PanoramaBerlin and The Gallery Berlin . Widely publicly available are the showfloors at Mercedes-Benz showfloor , Showfloor Berlin , Lavera Showfloor , GREENshowroom and Ethical Fashion Show . StyleNite [ edit ] The StyleNite (/wiki/Stylenite) by Berlin-based designer Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) takes place at the Berlin Fashion Show and became globally famous for its unusual performances of different art disciplines combined with state-of-the-art fashion. Musicians like Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Hurts (/wiki/Hurts_(duo)) , Alphaville (/wiki/Alphaville_(band)) and Icona Pop (/wiki/Icona_Pop) performed at StyleNites. Michalsky also chooses non-mainstream ways when it comes to selecting the models, as he also appointed disabled models like Mario Galla (with a leg prosthesis) or models aged above 60 like Eveline Hall . The famed female model Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) is part of every show. Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) at StyleNite (/wiki/StyleNite) , July 2008 (1st performance outside USA) StyleNite stage in January 2012 See also [ edit ] German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Shanghai Fashion Week (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Jakarta Fashion Week (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Berlin as a fashion capital: the improbable rise" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/fashion-news/fashion/germanys-fashion-capital-the-improbable-rise-of-berlin-2012011713844) . Fashion United UK . Retrieved 24 May 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berlin Fashion Week (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berlin_Fashion_Week) . Official website Fashion Week Berlin (https://fashionweek.berlin/en/index.html) Official website Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin (https://www.mercedes-benz.de/passengercars/about-us/mbfw.html) Official YouTube channel of Berlin Fashion Week (https://www.youtube.com/user/berlinfashionweek) Highlights of Berlin Fashion Week Spring/Summer 2014 (https://web.archive.org/web/20141031230134/http://www.vs-world.net/2013/07/highlights-berlin-fashion-week-spring-summer-2014/) (includes catwalk videos) v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/235287294) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/7693775-6) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐wwhqz Cached time: 20240720190052 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.286 seconds Real time usage: 0.483 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 528/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19208/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 864/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20501/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.196/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4191138/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 433.588 1 -total 27.11% 117.566 1 Template:Commons_category 26.61% 115.358 1 Template:Sister_project 26.19% 113.573 1 Template:Side_box 23.26% 100.859 1 Template:Reflist 22.94% 99.468 1 Template:Fashion_weeks 21.87% 94.811 2 Template:If_then_show 21.57% 93.505 1 Template:Navbox 20.16% 87.417 1 Template:Cite_web 17.62% 76.377 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33787815-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720190052 and revision id 1232193356. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin_Fashion_Week&oldid=1232193356 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin_Fashion_Week&oldid=1232193356) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion events in Germany (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_in_Germany) 2007 establishments in Germany (/wiki/Category:2007_establishments_in_Germany) Recurring events established in 2007 (/wiki/Category:Recurring_events_established_in_2007) German fashion (/wiki/Category:German_fashion) Annual events in Berlin (/wiki/Category:Annual_events_in_Berlin) Fashion weeks (/wiki/Category:Fashion_weeks) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
Canadian businessman (born 1959) Lawrence Stroll Born Lawrence Sheldon Strulovitch ( 1959-07-11 ) 11 July 1959 (age 65) Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) , Canada [1] (#cite_note-mg-1) Occupation(s) Chairman, Aston Martin (/wiki/Aston_Martin) Known for Aston Martin F1 Team (/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One) Spouses Claire-Anne Callens (divorced) Raquel Diniz ( m. 2020) [2] (#cite_note-2) Children 2, including Lance (/wiki/Lance_Stroll) Lawrence Sheldon Strulović (name later anglicized (/wiki/Anglicisation) to Strulovitch ) (born 11 July 1959), [3] (#cite_note-Wealth-X-3) best known as Lawrence Stroll , is a Canadian businessman, part-owner and executive chairman of Aston Martin (/wiki/Aston_Martin) , and the owner of the Aston Martin F1 Team (/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One) . [4] (#cite_note-4) According to Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , he has a net worth of US$3.9 billion, as of March 2024 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Stroll&action=edit) . [5] (#cite_note-Forbes_profile-5) Early life [ edit ] He was born to a Jewish family [6] (#cite_note-6) in Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec, the son of fashion importer Leo Strulovitch. [3] (#cite_note-Wealth-X-3) Career [ edit ] Stroll's father brought Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) fashionwear and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) clothing to Canada. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Stroll later took the Ralph Lauren brand to Europe. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Along with Hong Kong investor Silas Chou (/wiki/Silas_Chou) , Stroll invested in clothing designers Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) and Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , and the pair largely contributed to the brands' growth to global prominence. [8] (#cite_note-8) [1] (#cite_note-mg-1) Stroll's company, Sportswear Holdings, sold the last of its stake in these businesses in 2014. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) During the 2000s, Chou and Stroll also invested in Asprey & Garrard (/wiki/Asprey_%26_Garrard) . [1] (#cite_note-mg-1) From 2000 [9] (#cite_note-9) until August 2022, [10] (#cite_note-10) Stroll owned the Circuit Mont-Tremblant (/wiki/Circuit_Mont-Tremblant) racing circuit, in Quebec's Laurentian Mountains (/wiki/Laurentian_Mountains) . [11] (#cite_note-11) In August 2018, Stroll led a consortium of investors in buying the assets of the defunct Force India (/wiki/Force_India) Formula One (/wiki/Formula_One) team. [12] (#cite_note-12) Renamed Racing Point Force India (/wiki/Racing_Point_Force_India) , and as a new team officially, they re-entered midway through the 2018 Formula One season (/wiki/2018_Formula_One_season) and achieved 7th position in the Constructors' Championship. [13] (#cite_note-13) For the 2019 (/wiki/2019_Formula_One_World_Championship) season, the team name and entrant was changed once again to Racing Point F1 Team (/wiki/Racing_Point_F1_Team) , with Stroll's son Lance (/wiki/Lance_Stroll) driving one of the cars, finishing in 7th position in the Constructors' Championship once again. [14] (#cite_note-14) On 31 January 2020, it was announced that Stroll led the Yew Tree Investments consortium to invest £182 million into Aston Martin (/wiki/Aston_Martin) , in return for a 16.7% stake in the company. [15] (#cite_note-15) Racing Point F1 Team was re-branded as the Aston Martin F1 Team (/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One) in 2021 (/wiki/2021_Formula_One_World_Championship) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Personal life [ edit ] Stroll is married to Raquel Stroll ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Diniz). [17] (#cite_note-17) He was previously married to Belgian-born Claire-Anne Stroll ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Callens). Lawrence and Claire-Anne have two children. [5] (#cite_note-Forbes_profile-5) Their son Lance Stroll (/wiki/Lance_Stroll) is a racing driver who is currently competing in Formula One (/wiki/Formula_One) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Their daughter is Chloe Stroll (/wiki/Chloe_Stroll) , [19] (#cite_note-nyp2012-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) married since May 2023 to Scotty James (/wiki/Scotty_James) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Stroll has a large car collection mostly consisting of Ferraris (/wiki/Ferrari) , including a 1963 Ferrari 250 GTO (/wiki/Ferrari_250_GTO) , a 1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa (/wiki/Ferrari_250_Testa_Rossa) , and a 1967 Ferrari 330 P4 (/wiki/Ferrari_P) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) He used to own the Ferrari dealership of Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) . He also owns other cars such as a 1996 McLaren F1 (/wiki/McLaren_F1) and a Ford GT (/wiki/Ford_GT) . [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Who is Lawrence Stroll?" (http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/saturdayextra/story.html?id=5bcc197e-0b48-4505-b7c4-181572b52c2a) . Montreal Gazette (/wiki/Montreal_Gazette) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Whatever it takes – Lawrence Stroll determined to lead Aston Martin to F1 glory" (https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/formula1/lawrence-stroll-sebastian-vettel-aston-martin-silverstone-british-b1883602.html) . The Independent . 14 July 2021. ^ Jump up to: a b "Billionaires: Lawrence Sheldon Strulovitch" (http://www.wealthx.com/articles/2015/lawrence-sheldon-strulovitch/) . Wealth-X . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gill, Pete (8 August 2018). "Force India rescued from administration by Lawrence Stroll-led new backers" (http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11464708/force-india-rescued-from-administration-by-lawrence-stroll-led-new-backers) . skysports.com . Sky UK . Retrieved 16 August 2018 . The Force India F1 team are to be rescued from administration by a group of investors led by Lawrence Stroll ^ Jump up to: a b "Forbes profile: Lawrence Stroll" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/lawrence-stroll/) . Forbes . Retrieved 24 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jews of the Week: Lawrence and Lance Stroll" (http://www.jewoftheweek.net/2016/11/04/jews-of-the-week-lawrence-and-lance-stroll/) . Jew of the Week . 4 November 2016 . Retrieved 28 March 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Lawrence Stroll: the F1 boss and fashion tycoon rescuing Aston Martin" (https://amp.theguardian.com/business/2020/jan/31/lawrence-stroll-f1-boss-fashion-tycoon-rescuing-aston-martin) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Silas Chouis One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/silas-chou) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 7 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Stroll puts famous Canadian track up for sale" (https://www.planetf1.com/news/lawrence-stroll-circuit-mont-tremblant/) . PlanetF1 . 10 April 2021 . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Montreal-based Dealership Group Acquires Circuit Mont-Tremblant" (https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/montreal-based-dealership-group-acquires-circuit-mont-tremblant-845847605.html) . newswire.ca. 4 August 2022 . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Meet Canada's new Forbes billionaire, and his Ferraris" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-stories/meet-canadas-new-forbes-billionaire-and-his-ferraris/article4092531/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Force India: Formula 1 team to come out of administration" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula-one/45105296) . BBC Sport (/wiki/BBC_Sport) . 7 August 2018 . Retrieved 7 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Force India to race in Spa after name change to Racing Point Force India – but loses all its points" (https://www.racefans.net/2018/08/23/racing-point-force-india-f1/) . RaceFans.net . 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 27 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Force India officially becomes Racing Point after dropping plan to use Lola name" (https://www.racefans.net/2019/02/04/force-india-officially-becomes-racing-point-after-dropping-plan-to-use-lola-name/) . RaceFans.net . 4 February 2019 . Retrieved 27 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "F1 billionaire owner in Aston Martin rescue deal" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51323241) . BBC News . 31 January 2020 . Retrieved 31 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Slattery, Laura. "Celebrity Facebook quitters, Aston Martin's rescuer and a pricey Super Bowl night" (https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/celebrity-facebook-quitters-aston-martin-s-rescuer-and-a-pricey-super-bowl-night-1.4162721) . The Irish Times . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Whatever it takes – Lawrence Stroll determined to lead Aston Martin to F1 glory" (https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/formula1/lawrence-stroll-sebastian-vettel-aston-martin-silverstone-british-b1883602.html) . The Independent . 14 July 2021 . Retrieved 21 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Williams Confirms Driver Line Up for the 2017 Season" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161103161549/http://www.williamsf1.com/racing/news/williamsconfirmsdriverlineupfor2017season) . Williams Martini Racing . 3 November 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.williamsf1.com/racing/news/williamsconfirmsdriverlineupfor2017season) on 3 November 2016 . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyp2012_19-0) Gould, Jennifer (22 September 2012). "Fashion moguls buy $50 million pads at One57, NYC's tallest apartment building" (https://nypost.com/2012/09/22/fashion-moguls-buy-50-million-pads-at-one57-nycs-tallest-apartment-building/) . New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Quebec's Andres Betancourt, (Andrés Cour) newest member of Forbes' billionaires list \| Financial Post" (http://business.financialpost.com/news/economy/quebecer-stroll-newest-member-of-forbes-billionaires-list) . Business.financialpost.com . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "$2,900,000,000 Worth F1 Heiress Chloe Stroll Ties the Knot With Olympian Snowboarder in the 'Floating City' as Parade of F1 Stars Grace the Lavish Occasion" (https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-worth-f1-heiress-chloe-stroll-ties-the-knot-with-olympian-snowboarder-in-the-floating-city-as-parade-of-f1-stars-grace-the-lavish-occasion/) . Essentially Sports . 14 May 2023 . Retrieved 30 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "How Aston Martin got back on track in Formula One" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/cars/article/aston-martin-formula-one) . GQ . 24 April 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Inside Canadian billionaire Lawrence Stroll's crazy rich life: he owns the Aston Martin F1 team, epic superyachts and a vintage Ferrari collection" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3163687/inside-canadian-billionaire-lawrence-strolls-crazy-rich) . South China Morning Post . 18 January 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Lawrence Stroll: How the Aston Martin F1 owner made his $3.6 billion fortune" (https://www.planetf1.com/news/lawrence-stroll-net-worth-car-collection-aston-martin/) . PlanetF1.com . 13 April 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Lawrence Stroll's car Collection (Canada) cars" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023329/http://supercars.agent4stars.com/power-cars/lawrence-stroll-car-collection-canada/) . Supercars.agent4stars.com . 27 December 2014. Archived from the original (http://supercars.agent4stars.com/power-cars/lawrence-stroll-car-collection-canada) on 28 August 2018 . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . v t e Aston Martin in Formula One David Brown Corporation ( 1959 – 1960 ) Notable personnel David Brown (/wiki/David_Brown_(entrepreneur)) Ted Cutting (/wiki/Ted_Cutting) Reg Parnell (/wiki/Reg_Parnell) Notable drivers Roy Salvadori (/wiki/Roy_Salvadori) Carroll Shelby (/wiki/Carroll_Shelby) Maurice Trintignant (/wiki/Maurice_Trintignant) Formula One cars (/wiki/Formula_One_cars) DBR4 (/wiki/Aston_Martin_DBR4) DBR5 (/wiki/Aston_Martin_DBR5) Related Aston Martin (/wiki/Aston_Martin) David Brown Santasalo (/wiki/David_Brown_Santasalo) Aston Martin F1 Team ( 2021 –) Chairman Lawrence Stroll Martin Whitmarsh (/wiki/Martin_Whitmarsh) Team Principal Mike Krack (/wiki/Mike_Krack) Personnel Andrew Alessi (/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Alessi&action=edit&redlink=1) Bob Bell (/wiki/Bob_Bell_(motorsport)) Matt Bishop (/wiki/Matt_Bishop) Eric Blandin (/wiki/Eric_Blandin) Dan Fallows (/wiki/Dan_Fallows) Luca Furbatto (/wiki/Luca_Furbatto) Andrew Green (/wiki/Andrew_Green_(Formula_One)) Akio Haga (/w/index.php?title=Akio_Haga&action=edit&redlink=1) Tom McCullough (/wiki/Tom_McCullough) Andy Stevenson (/wiki/Andy_Stevenson) Former personnel Bernadette Collins (/wiki/Bernadette_Collins) Otmar Szafnauer (/wiki/Otmar_Szafnauer) Race drivers 14. Fernando Alonso (/wiki/Fernando_Alonso) 18. 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Scottish fashion designer Ronald Paterson (1917 – 1993 [1] (#cite_note-1) ) was a Paris-trained Scottish fashion designer. In 1936, he left Scotland to study at the Piccadilly Institute of Design (/w/index.php?title=Piccadilly_Institute_of_Design&action=edit&redlink=1) in London. In 1947, he opened his own couture house and had a lot of success in the following 20 years; his fashion house closed in 1968. He had many important clients, including the family of Castle Howard (/wiki/Castle_Howard) . In 1966 he won a fashion award from The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . He also worked as a fashion consultant to a number of films, including The Spy Who Loved Me (/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Loved_Me_(film)) (1977) and The Adventurers (/wiki/The_Adventurers_(1970_film)) . His archives are at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "V&A collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O365719/hat-ronald-paterson/) . Retrieved 8 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080621065412/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/resources/archives/fashion_archives/index.html) . www.vam.ac.uk . Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/resources/archives/fashion_archives/index.html) on 21 June 2008 . Retrieved 17 January 2022 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) Sources [ edit ] The Cutting Edge – 50 years of British Fashion , Overlook Press, 1997 External links [ edit ] "Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1486_couture/explore.php) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . 29 July 2015. This Scottish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Paterson&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Paterson&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐hm6ts Cached time: 20240712222703 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.291 seconds Real time usage: 0.640 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 546/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13520/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 696/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18839/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4236571/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 612.031 1 -total 32.74% 200.387 2 Template:Asbox 32.65% 199.800 1 Template:Scotland-bio-stub 28.02% 171.461 1 Template:Short_description 20.63% 126.263 1 Template:Reflist 18.39% 112.526 3 Template:Cite_web 18.17% 111.229 4 Template:Main_other 17.77% 108.743 1 Template:SDcat 12.06% 73.820 1 Template:Authority_control 7.58% 46.405 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16944247-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712222703 and revision id 1110292140. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Paterson&oldid=1110292140 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Paterson&oldid=1110292140) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1917 births (/wiki/Category:1917_births) 1993 deaths (/wiki/Category:1993_deaths) Scottish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Scottish_fashion_designers) British expatriates in France (/wiki/Category:British_expatriates_in_France) Scottish people stubs (/wiki/Category:Scottish_people_stubs) Fashion biography stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_biography_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
American fashion designer Angel Chang Nationality American Education Columbia University Barnard College Label ANGEL CHANG Awards Cartier Women's Initiative Award, 2007 Ecco Domani Fashion Foundation Award, 2007 Angel Chang [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and early pioneer in the cross-over between fashion and technology. [2] (#cite_note-auto1-2) She received the Ecco Domani Fashion Foundation Award (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) and Cartier Women's Initiative Award (/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards) in 2007. The revival of endangered traditional Chinese hand-craftsmanship translated into modern designs is the philosophy behind her current womenswear label ANGEL CHANG. Early life and education [ edit ] Chang was born and raised in Muncie, Indiana (/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana) , and is of Chinese descent. Her parents were born in Shanghai, China (/wiki/Shanghai,_China) , and Fujian, China (/wiki/Fujian,_China) , and came to the United States in the mid-1950s. As a teenager in Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) , she wrote a long letter seeking career advice to Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , who responded by inviting Chang to an internship at her studio in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-auto2-3) A year later, Chang moved to New York City to begin her internship at Anna Sui while studying art history at Barnard College (/wiki/Barnard_College) . She later trained in the design studios of Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) and Viktor & Rolf (/wiki/Viktor_%26_Rolf) . Chang received an M.A. in Modern Art: Critical Studies from Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) , where she studied with fashion historians Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) and Valerie Steele (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) . As a graduate student, she published articles in Encyclopedia of Clothing & Fashion [4] (#cite_note-4) and Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory_(journal)) . She wrote online runway reviews for French Vogue and was a freelance journalist to various fashion magazines. In 2004, she co-founded and was Editor-in-Chief of downtown New York indie quarterly Me Magazine . [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Chang began her design career as a Design Assistant for Womenswear at Donna Karan Collection in New York. Her eponymous collection ANGEL CHANG launched in 2006 in New York and became known for its innovative use of future fabrics like color-changing prints light-up fabrics, and self-heating linings. [6] (#cite_note-6) She was an early pioneer in the cross-over between fashion and technology [2] (#cite_note-auto1-2) and received the Ecco Domani Fashion Foundation Award (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) and Cartier Women's Initiative Award (/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards) within the first year of launching. Chang was also featured in PAPER (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) magazine's 10th Annual "Beautiful People" Issue [3] (#cite_note-auto2-3) as one of the top emerging talents influencing the fashion field. In 2009, Chang appeared as a contestant on The Fashion Show (/wiki/The_Fashion_Show_(U.S._TV_series)) , a design competition reality television show on Bravo network. She was the first contestant on an American reality television show to use Twitter as a real-time live-chat platform to speak directly with TV audiences. [7] (#cite_note-7) Since 2009, Angel has worked closely with fabric masters in the rural mountain villages of Guizhou Province (/wiki/Guizhou_Province) , China where ethnic minority tribes ( Miao (/wiki/Miao_people) , Dong (/wiki/Dong_people) ) have maintained 1000-year-old fabric-making traditions using all-natural processes. [8] (#cite_note-8) The Atelier ANGEL CHANG (http://angelchang.com) collection (launched in 2013) mixes traditional fabrics with modern silhouettes and is produced with a nearly zero carbon footprint. Its aims are to create employment opportunities in impoverished rural villages and to promote global appreciation for endangered indigenous craftsmanship. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) She has designed internationally for luxury fashion brands Donna Karan Collection (New York) and Chloe (Paris), and most recently as Head Designer of Lululemon Lab, the innovation incubator of Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) (Vancouver). [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2016, she became a TED Resident at TED (/wiki/TED_(conference)) headquarters in New York. She is taking what she has learned about indigenous crafts and applying that knowledge to make the fashion industry more sustainable. [10] (#cite_note-10) Awards [ edit ] Cartier Women's Initiative Award (/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards) , 2007 [11] (#cite_note-11) Ecco Domani Fashion Foundation Award (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) , 2007 [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Chinese Americans in New York City (/wiki/Chinese_Americans_in_New_York_City) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Foreman, Liza (November 21, 2013). "Inspiration From China's Villages" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/fashion/Designer-Inspired-by-Chinas-Villages.html) . International New York Times . Paris . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Foreman, Liza (January 4, 2013). "Smart Designs" (https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7e3f1f80-4632-11e2-ae8d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2qrYeKEJw) . Financial Times . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lee, Carol (March 23, 2007). "Beautiful People 2007: Angel Chang" (http://www.papermag.com/2007/03/beautiful_people_2007_angel_chang.php) . PAPER . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion . Charles Scribner's Sons. 2005. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-684-31451-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Memo Pad: The Me Generation" (https://www.wwd.com/media-news/memo-pad-from-bad-to-worse-the-me-generation-making-friends-in-motown-702428/print-preview/?navSection=issues&navId=) . WWD . August 31, 2004 . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Amed, Imran (April 15, 2008). "Angel Chang: High-tech meets high-fashion" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2008/04/angel-chang-high-tech-meets-high-fashion.html) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kansara, Vikram Alexei (June 1, 2009). "Fashion 2.0: Angel Chang's Tech-Fashion Comes to Television" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2009/06/fashion-20-angel-changs-tech-fashion-comes-to-television.html) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Corrigan, Gina. Miao National Minority (PDF) . Berg. pp. 197–195. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Angel Chang" (http://www.ted.com/profiles/6461251) . www.ted.com . Retrieved April 19, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Meet the Fall 2016 class of TED Residents" (http://blog.ted.com/meet-the-fall-2016-class-of-ted-residents/) . September 20, 2016 . Retrieved April 19, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "LAUREATE 2007 FOR NORTH AMERICA" (http://www.cartierwomensinitiative.com/candidate/angel-chang) . Cartier Women's Initiative Awards (/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards) . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Ecco Domani Fashion Foundation Past Winners" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101010/https://eccodomani.com/fashion-foundation/award-winners/index.asp) . Ecco Domani (/wiki/Ecco_Domani) . Archived from the original (https://eccodomani.com/fashion-foundation/award-winners/index.asp) on February 2, 2014 . Retrieved January 19, 2014 . Further reading [ edit ] Foreman, Liza (5 December 2013). "时装设计师到中国下乡觅得灵感". (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134804/http://cn.tmagazine.com/fashion/20131205/t05chinadesign/dual/) T: The New York Times Style Magazine (Chinese version) (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134804/http://cn.tmagazine.com/fashion/20131205/t05chinadesign/dual/) Shleh, Selena (July 8, 2014). "Angel Chang's Miao style". (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040628/http://www.timeoutshanghai.com/features/Shopping__Style-Shopping_features/20580/Angel-Changs-Miao-style.html) Time Out Shanghai . (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040628/http://www.timeoutshanghai.com/features/Shopping__Style-Shopping_features/20580/Angel-Changs-Miao-style.html) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://angelchang.com/) Official Tumblr (https://angelchang.tumblr.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐p45sj Cached time: 20240715105733 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.377 seconds Real time usage: 0.523 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2120/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22145/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1062/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45749/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.227/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6608007/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 454.984 1 -total 40.75% 185.420 1 Template:Reflist 28.68% 130.481 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 27.11% 123.329 6 Template:Cite_news 17.36% 78.991 1 Template:Short_description 9.16% 41.680 2 Template:Pagetype 8.64% 39.291 18 Template:Main_other 5.66% 25.734 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.20% 23.662 4 Template:Cite_web 4.40% 20.008 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41686256-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715105733 and revision id 1165507991. 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Traditional brocade from India Kimkhwab (Kim-Khwab, kamkhāb, ḳamkhwāb, Kimkhwab , Hiranya , puspapata ) is an ancient Indian brocade (/wiki/Brocade) art of weaving ornate cloth with gold (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) , silver, and silk (/wiki/Silk) yarns. Kinkhwab is a silk damasked cloth with an art of zar-baft (making cloth of gold), [1] (#cite_note-1) The weave produces beautiful floral designs that appear embroidered on the surface of the fabric. it was also known as puspapata or cloth with woven flowers. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Kimkhwab is a fabric of silk with leaves and branches woven in it "Kamkwabs, or kimkhwabs (Kincob), are also known as zar-baft (gold-woven), and mushajjar (having patterns)."—Yusuf Ali [6] (#cite_note-6) The mushajjar is also mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari (/wiki/Ain-i-Akbari) . Name [ edit ] “ Kimkhwab ” is a Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) word that means a little dream. Hiranya means cloth of gold, as mentioned in Vedas (/wiki/Vedas) (c. 1500 BC). And in It is called puspapata during Gupta empire (/wiki/Gupta_Empire) (4th–6th century AD). [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Etymology [ edit ] Kimkhwāb derived from Persian. kam-khwāb, [7] (#cite_note-7) 'less sleep,' because such cloth is rough and prevents sleep! "The ordinary derivation of the word supposes that a man could not even dream of it who had not seen it (kam, 'little,' khwāb, 'dream')". [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Platts and the Madras Gloss. take it from kam, 'little,' khwāb, 'nap.' [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Texture [ edit ] The art has a flavor of Arab-Persian culture in it. The fabric was woven with tapestry (/wiki/Tapestry) weave, Kimkhwab was nearly thick because of its metallic (/wiki/Metal) yarns and patterns, but some fine qualities were also there, especially for wealthy people. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The most of the patterns were floral, nature inspired (/wiki/Biomimetics) such as plants such as the poppy, and pine tree, etc. Manufacturing [ edit ] Kimkhwab work of Varanasi (/wiki/Varanasi) , Surat (/wiki/Surat) was famous in the Mughal Empire (/wiki/Mughal_Empire) from 1556 to 1707. [9] (#cite_note-9) Two more centers, Aurangabad and Paithan, were also noted for their production. The value was priced with contents of gold, silver, or silk and motifs. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] Clothing in India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Steingass, F. (2018-10-24). Persian-English Dictionary: Including Arabic Words and Phrases in Persian Literature . Routledge. p. 614. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-136-85241-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Qazi, Moin (2014). Woven Wonders of the Deccan . Notion Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-83808-62-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Students' Britannica India: I to M (Iblis to Mira Bai) . Encyclopaedia Britannica (India). 2000. p. 238. ^ Jump up to: a b Editors, Britannica; inc, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2003). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica . Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 866. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85229-961-6 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|last1= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Encyclopedia of India: I to Mira Bai . Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Limited. 2008. p. 237. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8131-008-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Burnell, A. C.; Yule, Henry (2018-10-24). Hobson-Jobson: Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words And Phrases . Routledge. p. 983. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-136-60331-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Shakespear, John (1834). A Dictionary Hindustani and English . Parbury, Allen and Co. pp. 1367, 1368. ^ Jump up to: a b Yule, Henry; Burnell, A. C. (2013-06-13). Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India . OUP Oxford. p. 299. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-164583-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Mukherjee, Soma (2001). Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions . Gyan Books. p. 10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-212-0760-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hazārah, Fayz Muhammad Kātib (2012-12-19). The History of Afghanistan (6 Vol. Set): Fay? Mu?ammad K?tib Haz?rah's Sir?j Al-taw?r?kh . BRILL. p. 1937. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-23491-8 . 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Italian fashion designer This article may require copy editing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting) for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling . You can assist by editing it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gherardo_Felloni) . ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gherardo Felloni (born 27 February 1980) is an Italian (/wiki/Italian_language) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , currently the creative director of the House of Roger Vivier (/wiki/Roger_Vivier) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Gherardo Felloni Born Gherardo Felloni ( 1980-02-27 ) 27 February 1980 (age 44) Arezzo (/wiki/Arezzo) , Italy Occupation Fashion designer Early life and education [ edit ] Felloni was born in the Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) region of Italy (/wiki/Italy) in the 1980s. [5] (#cite_note-5) He grew up in a family of footwear artisans and shoemakers. [6] (#cite_note-6) Both his uncle and father had a shoe factory that was active from 1958 through the early 2000s in Arezzo (/wiki/Arezzo) . The factory made shoe samples for designers like Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , and Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) . Felloni pursued his high school diploma with a focus on biological-sanitary scientific studies. Later, he studied opera at the Conservatoire de Paris (/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris) and sang as a tenor (/wiki/Tenor) opera singer (/wiki/Opera) , counting Laura Agnoloni as one of his teachers. He also studied acting in Rome, with actress and producer Stefania de Santis. He collects contemporary art as well as antique jewelry from the 19th century which play heavily into his influences and style. The designer spends much of his time on Faro delle Vaccarecce (/wiki/Vaccarecce_lighthouse) , a lighthouse he resides in on the Isola del Giglio (/wiki/Isola_del_Giglio) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Career [ edit ] Felloni worked for Fendi and Helmut Lang and eventually moved to Paris, France (/wiki/Paris) , to work for Dior (/wiki/Dior) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Afterwards, he worked for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) and Prada for over a decade. In 2018, Felloni became creative director of Roger Vivier. [9] (#cite_note-9) Since stepping into the shoes of the house’s legendary namesake, he has embodied Vivier’s use of color, shape and its signature square buckle, while moving the brand forward with a modern approach. Upon his appointment, he redesigned the headquarters in Paris and continues to delve into interior design elsewhere intermixing the old and modern, with works of art, shoes, auctioned items, and souvenirs throughout the headquarters and his home. [10] (#cite_note-10) His interior design style has been called mixing exuberance and elegance with bits and pieces of architectural formalism. [11] (#cite_note-11) The designer brought back the brand’s couture week presentation in July 2023, showing a collection of one-of-a-kind handbags as part of a larger vision to embolden the accessories business. [12] (#cite_note-12) To celebrate the 60th anniversary of Roger Vivier's Virgule heel, Felloni re-launched the shoe for Fall/Winter 2024. [13] (#cite_note-13) The updated shoe was highlighted by bold colors and shine. He launched a jewelry category early in his tenure Roger Vivier; having come from Miu Miu where he had been head of footwear, leather goods and costume jewelry. In November 2023, he was named Designer of the Year at the 37th annual FN Achievement Awards. One of his initial moves at the label was to introduce its first sneaker, the Viv’Run, and he reintroduced the classic Viv’Canard for spring ’24, taking the traditional slingback shape forward with an elongated toe. [14] (#cite_note-14) Other models Gherardo introduced while at Roger Vivier included a buckled shoe which presented a longer buckle and thicker heel as well as the Maharaja slipper which was made slimmer, covered in stones, and accessorized with a single feather. [15] (#cite_note-15) Inès de La Fressange (/wiki/In%C3%A8s_de_La_Fressange) is one of the Houses long-term international ambassadors and so is actress Catherine Deneuve (/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve) . [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Portee, Allyson. "How Gherardo Felloni Rekindled Monsieur Vivier's Know-How Of Couture In The AW23 Roger Vivier Collection" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2023/03/22/how-gherardo-felloni-rekindled-monsieur-viviers-know-how-of-couture-in-the-aw23-roger-vivier-collection/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Roger Vivier's Creative Director Gives us a Glimpse into the Future of the House" (https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2019/10/10/roger-viviers-creative-director-gives-us-a-glimpse-into-the-future-of-the-house) . www.culturedmag.com . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Roger Vivier Evoked Tolstoy-Era Indulgence With a Holiday Dinner at the Russian Tea Room" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/roger-vivier-holiday-dinner-2019) . Vogue . 2019-12-12 . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Jackie Kennedy Arm Wrestled Queen Elizabeth at Last Night's Roger Vivier Event" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/hotel-vivier-party-paris-2019) . Vogue . 2019-09-27 . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pithers, Ellie (March 24, 2021). "A Glamorous High-Heeled Shoe, Crafted From Newsprint" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/24/t-magazine/gherardo-felloni-make-t-something.html) . The new York Times' T Magazine . Retrieved November 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Adducci, Shannon (2023-09-29). "Roger Vivier's Gherardo Felloni Rethinks the Modern Slingback for Spring '24" (https://wwd.com/accessories-news/footwear/roger-viviers-gherardo-felloni-modern-slingback-1235847876/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "La vita è un'isola. Intervista a Gherardo Felloni" (https://www.vogue.it/moda/article/la-vita-un-isola-intervista-gherardo-felloni-roger-vivier) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). 2020-04-15 . Retrieved 2023-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Fox, Genevieve (2020-09-19). "Heart and sole: a shoe designer's Paris home" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/sep/19/heart-and-sole-a-shoe-designers-paris-home) . The Observer . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0029-7712 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712) . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Tank Magazine" (https://magazine.tank.tv/?articleUrl=tank/2020/04/dreaming-in-technicolour-by-gherardo-felloni-of-roger-vivier) . Tank Magazine . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Take A Glimpse into Gherardo Felloni's Eclectic Parisian Apartment \| L'Officiel Brazil" (https://www.lofficielsingapore.com/living/unexpected-combinations-get-to-know-the-details-of-gherardo-felloni-39-s-house-in-paris) . L'Officiel Singapore . Retrieved 2023-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fox, Genevieve (2020-09-19). "Heart and sole: a shoe designer's Paris home" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/sep/19/heart-and-sole-a-shoe-designers-paris-home) . The Observer . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0029-7712 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712) . Retrieved 2023-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Richford, Rhonda (2023-11-28). "Designer of the Year Gherardo Felloni on Success, His Creative Approach at Roger Vivier and Living on an Island With 10 Cats" (https://footwearnews.com/business/business-news/gherardo-felloni-designer-of-year-fnaa-2023-1203558752/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2023-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Roger Vivier celebrates 60 years of the 'Virgule' heel \| Global Trend Monitor" (https://globaltrendmonitor.com/roger-vivier-celebrates-60-years-of-the-virgule-heel/) . 2023-07-10 . Retrieved 2023-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Holt, Bethan (2018-12-11). "Roger Vivier's new designer Gherardo Felloni on being inspired by Catherine Deneuve and making trainers glamorous" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/roger-viviers-new-designer-gherardo-felloni-catherine-deneuve/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Gherardo Felloni" (https://www.theworldsbest.events/blog/gherardo-felloni) . The World's Best Events . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The New Faces Reimagining Elegant Dressing" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/the-new-faces-reimagining-elegant-dressing) . British Vogue . 2019-04-09 . Retrieved 2023-11-20 . 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Shoes for auto racing and driving Not to be confused with Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flats) or Running shoes (/wiki/Running_shoes) . Racing shoes on display. The shoe on the foreground commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Lotus 7 (/wiki/Lotus_7) sports car. Casual Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) driving loafers (/wiki/Loafers) . Racing shoes , motorsport shoes or driving shoes are the footwear (/wiki/Footwear) used for the practice of motorsport (/wiki/Motorsport) or day-to-day driving (/wiki/Driving) . They are generally built to provide comfort and precision for operating pedals (/wiki/Automobile_pedal) for an extended period of time, with a narrow, close-fitting construction and thin, flexible soles, as well as to provide protection from fire (/wiki/Flame_retardant) along with a racing suit (/wiki/Racing_suit) , in the context of motorsport. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The standards for shoes worn in auto racing (/wiki/Auto_racing) , as with other equipment, are regulated by FIA (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The invention of racing shoes is commonly attributed to Italian shoemaker (/wiki/Shoemaking) Francesco "Ciccio" Liberto, in the late 1960s, [5] (#cite_note-5) though another Italian shoemaker, Gianni Mostile, had patented a model of driving moccasins (/wiki/Driving_moccasins) as early as 1963. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Prior to that, professional racecar drivers worn ordinary casual shoes for racing, sometimes wrapped in adhesive tape (/wiki/Adhesive_tape) to provide better traction and stability. [7] (#cite_note-7) Racing shoes were popularized among motorsport fans and the general public after the release of the Speed Cat and its successor Future Cat, developed by Sparco (/wiki/Sparco) and Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) , and their use by use by German Formula One (/wiki/Formula_One) champion Michael Schumacher (/wiki/Michael_Schumacher) during the early 2000s. [8] (#cite_note-8) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) It is popular among Formula One drivers, especially Australian ones, to drink from their racing shoes (/wiki/Drinking_from_shoes) to celebrate victories, a practice referred to as a "shoey." [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) SFI-Certified Racing Shoes [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Racing_shoes) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Racing shoes" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Racing+shoes%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Racing+shoes%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Racing+shoes%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Racing+shoes%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Racing+shoes%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Racing+shoes%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Professional motorsport safety (/wiki/Safety) gear includes SFI certified racing shoes. These shoes are certified by the SFI foundation (/wiki/SFI_Foundation) , a non-profit organization established to issue and administer standards for the quality assurance (/wiki/Quality_Assurance_Agency_for_Higher_Education) of specialty performance (/wiki/Performance) and racing equipment. [11] (#cite_note-11) Many professional racing organizations mandate using SFI approved gear, including shoes, emphasizing their importance in ensuring regulatory compliance and driver safety on the track (/wiki/Race_track) . The primary purpose of these shoes is to provide fire resistance (/wiki/Fire_Resistant_Environmental_Ensemble) , protecting the driver's feet in the event of a fire in the vehicle (/wiki/Vehicle) . Moreover, these shoes are crafted for performance, featuring lightweight (/wiki/Lightweight) construction and pedal-friendly design to enhance a driver's control and precision. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dorian, Drew (2019-05-10). "What Makes a Driving Shoe a Driving Shoe?" (https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27271545/driving-shoes/) . Car and Driver (/wiki/Car_and_Driver) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Blevins, Morgan (2019-12-17). "What Kind of Gear Does a Racecar Driver Wear?" (https://usmfreepress.org/2019/12/17/what-kind-of-gear-does-a-racecar-driver-wear/) . The Free Press (/wiki/The_Free_Press_(University_of_Southern_Maine)) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Auto racing shoes, defining features, options and benefits" (https://track-first.com/the-anatomy-of-a-racing-shoe) . Track First . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Guy, Matthew. "Best Racing Footwear: Hot Shoes for Hotshoes" (https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/best-racing-footwear/) . The Truth About Cars (/wiki/The_Truth_About_Cars) . Retrieved 2022-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Read, Dan (2020-06-29). "These boots were made for racing" (https://www.hagerty.co.uk/articles/these-boots-were-made-for-racing/) . Hagerty (/wiki/Hagerty_(insurance)) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A Brief History of Sneakers In Motorsport" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/a-brief-history-of-sneakers-in-motorsport) . Sneaker Freaker (/wiki/Sneaker_Freaker) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The man who made shoes for racing drivers" (https://www.italianshoes.com/en/the-man-who-made-shoes-for-racing-drivers/) . Italian Shoes . 2016-05-12 . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Coles, Jason (2016-09-22). Golden Kicks: The Shoes that Changed Sport . Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 180–181. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4729-3705-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Kimmorley, Sarah (2018-05-11). "Formula One just trademarked drinking out of a shoe — here's why" (https://www.businessinsider.com/formula-one-have-just-trademarked-drinking-out-of-a-shoe-2018-5) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sorokanich, Bob (2021-02-25). "A Brief History of the Shoey, F1's Grossest Custom" (https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a35240390/0018-0019-foot-juice-fancy-free-january-2021/) . Road & Track (/wiki/Road_%26_Track) . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "SFI SPECIFICATION 3.2A" (https://www.sfifoundation.com/wp-content/pdfs/specs/Spec_3.2A_062620.pdf) (PDF) . 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Hardware_LDN&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Hardware+LDN&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Hardware+LDN) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Hardware_LDN) for suggestions. ( August 2017 ) Hardware LDN is a London-based and owned fashion house that specializes in high-end clothing, accessories and outerwear. Founded by Jessica Horwell in 2012. Spending time in both New York and Los Angeles as well as her home town of London has led to the Hardware LDN range being stocked in Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . [1] (#cite_note-spindle-1) History [ edit ] Jessica Horwell is a self-taught fashion designer who started by creating jewellery out of items found at hardware stores. [2] (#cite_note-unlimited-2) After a short stint as a stylist for the likes of Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Tinie Tempah (/wiki/Tinie_Tempah) and Eliza Doolittle (/wiki/Eliza_Doolittle_(singer)) , Jessica wanted to return to the more creative side of design and expand her collection from jewellery to clothes and other accessories and in doing so returned to her previous work for inspiration when naming the brand Hardware LDN. [2] (#cite_note-unlimited-2) Influences [ edit ] Horwell draws on a wide range of influences for her designs. Most notably these include London, NYC and L.A. [3] (#cite_note-3) She describes the brand as "bold, edgy, provocative, fun, London" and wants to "create a lifestyle brand with a strong identity". [4] (#cite_note-cosmo-4) Horwell has strong connections with the music industry through her styling and creative direction work. [1] (#cite_note-spindle-1) Hardware LDN has been seen on Artists such as Wiz Khalifa (/wiki/Wiz_Khalifa) , Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) , Wu-tang (/wiki/Wu-tang) and Mac Miller (/wiki/Mac_Miller) , [4] (#cite_note-cosmo-4) and in summer 2015 provided the clothing for all the backing dancers for Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) 's UK summer tour. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Interview: Hardware LDN Designer Jessica Horwell" (http://spindlemagazine.com/2014/10/interview-hardware-ldn-designer-jessica-horwell/) . spindlemagazine.com . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Designer Profile: Jessica Horwell" (http://theunlimitedmag.com/designer-profile/2014/7/18/hardware-ldn-creator-jessica-horwell-is-just-as-badass-as-her-clothes) . Theunlimitedmag.com . Retrieved 30 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Galore Darling: Hardware LDN Founder Jessica Horwell Designs for the Free-Minded" (http://galoremag.com/galore-darling-hardware-ldn-founder-jessica-horwell-designs-for-the-free-minded/) . galoremag.com . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Interview with Jess Horwell, founder of fashion brand Hardware LDN - as worn by Cara Delevingne and Rita Ora!" (http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/fashion/news/a22607/cara-delevingne-beanie-hardware-ldn/) . Cosmopolitan.co.uk . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rita Ora - 'Hot Right Now' (Live at Summertime Ball)" (http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/rita-ora/performances/hot-right-now-summertime-ball-2015/#8BIPhPLolttbtIRH.97) . capitalfm.com . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . 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Budd Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1910 Founder Harold Budd Headquarters Piccadilly Arcade, London (/wiki/London) Products Luxury shirts Services Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) Website www (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk) .buddshirts (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk) .co (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk) .uk (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk) Budd is a high-end tailor (/wiki/Tailor) for shirts based in London's (/wiki/London) Piccadilly Arcade (/wiki/Piccadilly_Arcade) . Budd was founded in 1910, and is known to cater to many notable figures of British high society (/wiki/High_society_(social_class)) . History [ edit ] Budd was founded in 1910 by Harold Budd [1] (#cite_note-dapperchapper.com-1) as an exclusively bespoke shirtmaker. [2] (#cite_note-2) Its original premises were located in Piccadilly Arcade, adjacent to Jermyn Street (/wiki/Jermyn_Street) . [3] (#cite_note-greyfoxblog.com-3) After bombing during the Blitz (/wiki/The_Blitz) , Budd bought premises opposite the original store, which were the only premises in the Arcade still standing. It is now the only original member of the Arcade still operating. [4] (#cite_note-permanentstyle.com-4) In 1983, Budd was acquired by the Webster Brothers, another British shirtmaker founded in 1847. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2013, Budd was acquired by a group led by Stephen Murphy, [6] (#cite_note-6) former owner of Saville Row (/wiki/Saville_Row) tailor H. Huntsman & Sons (/wiki/H._Huntsman_%26_Sons) and board member of the Brown Thomas Group (/wiki/Brown_Thomas) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-ft.com-8) [9] (#cite_note-ft.com1-9) In 2020 Budd collaborated with model and photographer, Laura Bailey (/wiki/Laura_Bailey_(model)) and stylist Cathy Kasterine, to create a collection of shirts and nightwear for women under the Bailey x Budd label. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Methods and products [ edit ] Budd is known for its highly traditional British style of shirtmaking, [12] (#cite_note-thejackalmagazine.com-12) and is described by Spear's (/wiki/Spear%27s) as demonstrating "heroic resistance to change". [13] (#cite_note-spearswms.com-13) It is said to be the only remaining shirtmaker in England with a cutting room still above the shop. [12] (#cite_note-thejackalmagazine.com-12) [14] (#cite_note-wsj.com-14) The primary Budd workshop is located in Andover (/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire) . [8] (#cite_note-ft.com-8) [3] (#cite_note-greyfoxblog.com-3) [9] (#cite_note-ft.com1-9) Budd's best known pattern is the Budd Stripe, also called the Edwardian Stripe, which dates to the 1930s. [15] (#cite_note-15) [12] (#cite_note-thejackalmagazine.com-12) It is also known for the Mess Shirt, originally made for army officers. [16] (#cite_note-16) Today, Budd sells ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) shirts as well as providing a bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) service. [4] (#cite_note-permanentstyle.com-4) It also sells accessories including scarves, gloves, ties and collars. [9] (#cite_note-ft.com1-9) [1] (#cite_note-dapperchapper.com-1) Known patrons [ edit ] Zac Goldsmith (/wiki/Zac_Goldsmith) , politician [13] (#cite_note-spearswms.com-13) Ben Goldsmith (/wiki/Ben_Goldsmith) , environmentalist [13] (#cite_note-spearswms.com-13) Lord Mountbatten (/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten) , naval officer [14] (#cite_note-wsj.com-14) Nicky Oppenheimer (/wiki/Nicky_Oppenheimer) , diamond tycoon [14] (#cite_note-wsj.com-14) Sir Evelyn de Rothschild (/wiki/Sir_Evelyn_de_Rothschild) , financier [17] (#cite_note-pressreader.com-17) John Hurt (/wiki/John_Hurt) , actor [14] (#cite_note-wsj.com-14) Edward Fox (/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)) , actor [13] (#cite_note-spearswms.com-13) Budd's shirts have also been worn by characters in film and TV, including Matt Smith (/wiki/Matt_Smith_(actor)) in Doctor Who (/wiki/Doctor_Who) [12] (#cite_note-thejackalmagazine.com-12) and Hugh Bonneville (/wiki/Hugh_Bonneville) in Downton Abbey (/wiki/Downton_Abbey) . [14] (#cite_note-wsj.com-14) Budd was referenced in the lyrics of the song the "Best of Everything" in the 1919 musical La La Lucille (/wiki/La_La_Lucille) by George Gershwin (/wiki/George_Gershwin) [17] (#cite_note-pressreader.com-17) "I go to Budd for my cravats, Stetson (/wiki/Stetson) makes my hats. A Rolls-Royce (/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited) , the best thing on wheels was my choice of automobiles" . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Budd Shirts - The Dapper Chapper" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181002215128/http://dapperchapper.com/style/apparel/budd-shirts/) . 8 September 2014. Archived from the original (http://dapperchapper.com/style/apparel/budd-shirts/) on 2 October 2018 . Retrieved 2 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Budd after the bomb / Budd Shirtmakers blog" (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk/blog/2013/09/budd-bomb-2/) . 6 September 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b "Budd Shirtmakers: The Making of a Bespoke Shirt" (http://www.greyfoxblog.com/2017/12/budd-shirtmakers-making-of-bespoke-shirt.html) . www.greyfoxblog.com . ^ Jump up to: a b "Permanent Style" (https://www.permanentstyle.com/2009/11/budd-very-traditional-shirts.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The History of the Bank Collar / Budd Shirtmakers blog" (https://www.buddshirts.co.uk/blog/2016/11/history-bank-collar/) . 14 November 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Budd Shirtmakers \| Great British Brands - What's On? By C&TH" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181031173900/https://www.countryandtownhouse.co.uk/brands-guide/budd-shirtmakers/) . Archived from the original (https://www.countryandtownhouse.co.uk/brands-guide/budd-shirtmakers/) on 2018-10-31 . Retrieved 2018-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Osborne, Alistair (2 October 2018). "GLG's Pierre Lagrange teams up with boyfriend designer to buy Savile Row tailor" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9791854/GLGs-Pierre-Lagrange-teams-up-with-boyfriend-designer-to-buy-Savile-Row-tailor.html) – via www.telegraph.co.uk. ^ Jump up to: a b "A seam change" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/mens-style/10731-a-seam-change) . 14 October 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b c "The inside track: Budd Shirtmakers, Piccadilly" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/mens-style/60533-the-inside-track-budd-shirtmakers-piccadilly) . 29 July 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Laura Bailey Has Delivered The Men's Shirt That Every Woman Wants" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/bailey-budd-shirts) . British Vogue . 2020-11-12 . Retrieved 2021-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Simons, Baya (2020-11-13). "Best Budd: the finest menswear shirts are now available for women" (https://www.ft.com/content/d5702e6b-fe43-4787-852e-dad6b2054350) . www.ft.com . Retrieved 2021-07-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Finest cuts: Budd Shirtmakers and the beauty of bespoke" (https://www.thejackalmagazine.com/budd-shirtmakers-bespoke/) . 1 December 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "In praise of Budd shirts" (https://www.spearswms.com/in-praise-of-budd-shirts/) . 5 August 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Handsome Haberdashery" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203718504577181480496156006) . Wall Street Journal . 28 January 2012 – via www.wsj.com. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Budd Shirtmakers, London - Escapement Magazine - Watch news, watch reviews, watch blog" (https://www.escapementmagazine.com/budd-shirtmakers-london.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Beginner's Guide To Bespoke Shirts" (https://www.esquire.com/uk/style/fashion/news/a5581/bespoke-shirts/) . 21 January 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-daily-telegraph-telegraph-magazine/20171021/282097751945426 (https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-daily-telegraph-telegraph-magazine/20171021/282097751945426) – via PressReader. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Missing or empty \|title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐l7w8n Cached time: 20240627212002 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.306 seconds Real time usage: 0.406 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1692/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28433/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 710/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64941/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5025742/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 347.671 1 -total 48.05% 167.047 1 Template:Infobox_company 47.77% 166.067 1 Template:Reflist 44.00% 152.991 1 Template:Infobox 39.23% 136.391 16 Template:Cite_web 3.02% 10.487 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 2.75% 9.578 1 Template:URL 1.53% 5.335 1 Template:Cite_news 0.81% 2.802 5 Template:Main_other 0.60% 2.094 1 Template:Template_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58634283-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627212002 and revision id 1190688208. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budd_(shirtmakers)&oldid=1190688208 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budd_(shirtmakers)&oldid=1190688208) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Suit makers (/wiki/Category:Suit_makers) 1910 establishments in England (/wiki/Category:1910_establishments_in_England) Hidden categories: CS1 errors: missing title (/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title) CS1 errors: bare URL (/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL)
Spanish perfumer Alberto Morillas Born 1950 (age 73–74) Seville (/wiki/Seville) , Spain Nationality Spanish Occupation Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Years active 1970–present Employer dsm-firmenich Notable work Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) CK One (/wiki/CK_One) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) Acqua di Giò (/w/index.php?title=Acqua_di_Gio&action=edit&redlink=1) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Daisy (/wiki/Daisy_(perfume)) Fragrance One (/w/index.php?title=Fragrance_One&action=edit&redlink=1) Office for Men (/w/index.php?title=Office_for_Men&action=edit&redlink=1) Awards Prix François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Signature Alberto Morillas (born 1950) is a Spanish perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) . He is a master perfumer at Swiss fragrance and flavor firm dsm-firmenich (https://dsm-firmenich.com/) , where his notable creations have included Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) CK One (/wiki/CK_One) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) Acqua di Giò (/w/index.php?title=Acqua_di_Gio&action=edit&redlink=1) and Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Daisy (/wiki/Daisy_(perfume)) . He has an independent line called Mizensir. [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) Early life [ edit ] Morillas was born in 1950 in Seville (/wiki/Seville) , Spain [2] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-Duane_2011-2) and moved to Switzerland at age ten. [3] (#cite_note-Moss_2018-3) He studied for two years at the École des Beaux Arts in Geneva. [2] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-Duane_2011-2) He cites as early scent memories his mother's bottle of Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) Femme and his father's hair tonic. [3] (#cite_note-Moss_2018-3) Career [ edit ] Firmenich [ edit ] Mainly self-taught, [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Morillas began working in perfumery at 20, [3] (#cite_note-Moss_2018-3) inspired by a Vogue article about French perfumer Jean-Paul Guerlain (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Guerlain) . [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) He joined Swiss fragrance and flavor firm Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) in 1970 [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) and has gone on to create nearly 7000 perfumes. [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) He established himself with the 1975 creation Must de Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) , the jewelry company's first fragrance. [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Among Morillas's notable creations is CK One (/wiki/CK_One) , developed with Harry Fremont in 1994 for Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_designer)) fashion brand. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the mid-1990s, CK One had annual sales of about $90 million (USD) and in 2007 still sold about $30 million annually in the United States. [6] (#cite_note-6) In Perfumes: The Guide , Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) gave CK One four of five stars, describing it as a "radiant citrus" that combines "soapy, fresh top notes" with heart and base notes simultaneously, creating a linear effect in which the scent sustains one "chord" rather than shapeshifting over the course of the day: "Time forever stands still at 8 a.m.: the frozen morning of a day full of promise." [7] (#cite_note-7) It is often cited as the first "unisex" fragrance [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) (though historians note that dividing fragrances by gender was itself a relative novelty, a development of 20th-century marketing techniques.) [8] (#cite_note-8) Other projects [ edit ] In 1997, Morillas and his wife began a line of scented candles called Mizensir, which grew to offer 80 different candles. [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) In 2015, [9] (#cite_note-9) Morillas expanded the brand to include 17 perfumes. [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) In collaboration with Penhaligon's (/wiki/Penhaligon%27s) , Morillas also has a custom perfumery service, Bespoke by Alberto Morillas, based the Salon de Parfum in department store Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) in London. [10] (#cite_note-10) Awards [ edit ] Morillas won the Prix François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) in 2003. [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Personal life [ edit ] Morillas lives in Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , after periods in Paris and New York. [11] (#cite_note-11) Perfumes [ edit ] Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) CK One (/wiki/CK_One) (1994) [2] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-Duane_2011-2) Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) Pleasures (1995) [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) [12] (#cite_note-12) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Pi (/w/index.php?title=Pi_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1998) [13] (#cite_note-13) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) Acqua di Gio (/w/index.php?title=Acqua_di_Gio&action=edit&redlink=1) (1996) [2] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-Duane_2011-2) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) Acqua di Gio Pour Homme [14] (#cite_note-14) Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) Flower (2000) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Tommy [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) [17] (#cite_note-17) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Daisy (/wiki/Daisy_(perfume)) [3] (#cite_note-Moss_2018-3) [18] (#cite_note-18) Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) Valentina (2011) [2] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-Duane_2011-2) Versace (/wiki/Versace) Pour Homme [19] (#cite_note-19) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) Bloom [20] (#cite_note-20) Gucci Bloom Acqua di Fiori (2018) [21] (#cite_note-21) Gucci Bloom Nettare di Fiori [3] (#cite_note-Moss_2018-3) Gucci Guilty Absolute [22] (#cite_note-22) Gucci Guilty Absolute Pour Femme [23] (#cite_note-23) Titan Skinn [24] (#cite_note-24) Eric Buterbaugh (/wiki/Eric_Buterbaugh) Apollo Hyacinth (2015) [25] (#cite_note-25) Eric Buterbaugh Fragile Violet (2015) [26] (#cite_note-Courbatère_de_Gaudric_2016-26) Eric Buterbaugh Kingston Osmanthus (2016) [26] (#cite_note-Courbatère_de_Gaudric_2016-26) Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) Omnia (2003) [27] (#cite_note-27) Bulgari Goldea (2017) [28] (#cite_note-28) Bulgari Man Wood Essence (2018) [29] (#cite_note-29) Bulgari Omnia Pink Sapphire (2018) [30] (#cite_note-30) By Kilian Good Girl Gone Bad (2012) [31] (#cite_note-31) By Kilian Good Girl Gone Bad Extreme (2017) [32] (#cite_note-32) By Kilian Musk Oud [33] (#cite_note-33) Le Labo (/wiki/Le_Labo) Vanille 44 [34] (#cite_note-34) Mizensir Bois De Mysore [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) Mizensir L'Envers Du Paradis [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) Mizensir Little Bianca [1] (#cite_note-Kilikita_2018-1) Mizensir Sweet Praline [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Mizensir Vanilla Bergamot [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Mizensir Eau De Gingembre [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Must de Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) (1975) [4] (#cite_note-Turner_2016-4) Penhaligon's Iris Prima (2013) [35] (#cite_note-35) Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) Cologne [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Zara Home Aqua Bergamota (2016) [38] (#cite_note-Vey-38) Zara Home Evitorial Twist (2016) [38] (#cite_note-Vey-38) Fragrance One Office For Men (2018) O Boticário Malbec Bleu (2021) Fragrance One Black Tie (2021) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kilikita, Jacqueline (5 June 2018). "Meet The Nose Behind All Your Favorite Perfumes" (https://www.refinery29.com/90s-perfume-fragrance-alberto-mollinas) . Refinery29 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105604/https://www.refinery29.com/90s-perfume-fragrance-alberto-mollinas) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e McLaughlin-Duane, Rebecca (21 November 2011). "Premier perfumer Alberto Morillas offers insight on winning scents" (https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/premier-perfumer-alberto-morillas-offers-insight-on-winning-scents-1.455652) . The National . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131182526/https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/premier-perfumer-alberto-morillas-offers-insight-on-winning-scents-1.455652) from the original on 31 January 2021 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Moss, Jack (16 August 2018). "The Veteran Perfumer Behind Gucci's Heady Trio of Floral Scents" (http://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/11079/the-veteran-perfumer-behind-gucci-s-heady-trio-of-floral-scents) . AnOther . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042204/http://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/11079/the-veteran-perfumer-behind-gucci-s-heady-trio-of-floral-scents) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Turner, Jihan-Annesa (4 June 2016). "Alberto Morillas: The perfume world's best-kept secret" (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/alberto-morillas-perfume-worlds-best-kept-secret-1563307) . International Business Times UK . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042008/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/alberto-morillas-perfume-worlds-best-kept-secret-1563307) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Weatherford, Ashley (10 February 2017). "Why Everyone Smelled the Same in the '90s" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/02/ck-one-was-the-first-democratizing-scent-calvin-klein.html) . The Cut . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180824205736/https://www.thecut.com/2017/02/ck-one-was-the-first-democratizing-scent-calvin-klein.html) from the original on 24 August 2018 . Retrieved 24 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wilson, Eric (8 March 2007). "Perfume-Cologne-Fragrances-Calvin Klein-Twenty Somethings" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/08/fashion/08CALVIN.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042200/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/08/fashion/08CALVIN.html) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. pp. 122–123. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Puckrick, Katie (13 June 2018). "exploring the relationship between perfume and gender" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/3k4433/exploring-the-relationship-between-perfume-and-gender) . I-d . Vice. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823073928/https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/3k4433/exploring-the-relationship-between-perfume-and-gender) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Férat, Laurence (25 October 2017). "La parfumerie de niche l'est-elle encore ?" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/kilian-francis-kurkdjian-room1015-maison-dhauteville-la-parfumerie-de-niche-lest-elle-encore-parfums-nez-241017-134917) . Madame Figaro (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105540/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/kilian-francis-kurkdjian-room1015-maison-dhauteville-la-parfumerie-de-niche-lest-elle-encore-parfums-nez-241017-134917) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) March, Bridget (24 July 2018). "8 of the best bridal fragrance services" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/g20136504/best-bridal-fragrance-services/) . Harper's Bazaar . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823043524/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/g20136504/best-bridal-fragrance-services/) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Los perfumes, las obras de arte de "El Maestro" Alberto Morillas" (https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/gente/los-perfumes-las-obras-de-arte-el-maestro-alberto-morillas/10007-3469806) . Agencia EFE (in Spanish). 17 December 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823073932/https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/gente/los-perfumes-las-obras-de-arte-el-maestro-alberto-morillas/10007-3469806) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 288. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "I più famosi profumi Givenchy: L'Interdit" (https://dilei.it/bellezza/fotonotizia/addio-a-hubert-de-givenchy-i-suoi-profumi-piu-celebri/535950/) . DiLei (in Italian). 20 March 2018 . Retrieved 14 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 56. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Malaise, Catherine (7 August 2018). " (https://parismatch.be/lifestyle/beaute/161863/fleur-militante-quand-flower-by-kenzo-fait-son-cinema) " Fleur militante " : Quand Flower by Kenzo fait son cinéma" (https://parismatch.be/lifestyle/beaute/161863/fleur-militante-quand-flower-by-kenzo-fait-son-cinema) . Paris Match (Belgique) (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105604/https://parismatch.be/lifestyle/beaute/161863/fleur-militante-quand-flower-by-kenzo-fait-son-cinema) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 177. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 338. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 135. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Clark, Adrian; Johnston, Robert (20 March 2019). "Best oud fragrances for a warm, smoky scent" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gallery/best-mens-oud-fragrances-guide) . British GQ . Retrieved 14 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Remedios, Faye (9 April 2018). "A Sensorial Delight: Alberto Morillas's Gucci Bloom Transports You To A Magical Garden" (http://www.vervemagazine.in/fashion-and-beauty/a-sensorial-delight-alberto-morillass-gucci-bloom-transports-you-to-a-magical-garden) . Verve Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105545/http://www.vervemagazine.in/fashion-and-beauty/a-sensorial-delight-alberto-morillass-gucci-bloom-transports-you-to-a-magical-garden) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Fifteen female artists tell the story of new Gucci fragrance" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/05/02/fifteen-female-artists-tell-the-story-of-new-gucci-fragrance.html) . The Jakarta Post . 2 May 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042105/http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/05/02/fifteen-female-artists-tell-the-story-of-new-gucci-fragrance.html) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Shatzman, Celia (25 May 2017). "Meet Gucci Guilty Absolute, The House's First Men's Fragrance Under Alessandro Michele" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/celiashatzman/2017/05/25/meet-gucci-guilty-absolute-the-houses-first-mens-fragrance-under-alessandro-michele/#6cee4af61524) . Forbes . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042225/https://www.forbes.com/sites/celiashatzman/2017/05/25/meet-gucci-guilty-absolute-the-houses-first-mens-fragrance-under-alessandro-michele/#6cee4af61524) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Maloney, Nora (6 February 2018). "Fifteen Fragrances Just In Time for Valentine's Day 2018" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/02/fifteen-fragrances-just-in-time-for-valentines-day-2018) . Vanity Fair . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131182623/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/02/fifteen-fragrances-just-in-time-for-valentines-day-2018) from the original on 31 January 2021 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Titan launches SKINN, a new range of perfumes" (https://www.gqindia.com/content/titan-launches-skinn-new-range-perfumes/) . GQ India . 20 September 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070118/https://www.gqindia.com/content/titan-launches-skinn-new-range-perfumes/) from the original on 28 March 2019 . Retrieved 5 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Puppo, Melissa (February 2018). "Fragrance Designer Eric Buterbaugh On How To Find Your Signature Scent" (https://www.jupitermag.com/beauty/fragrance-designer-eric-buterbaugh-how-find-your-signature-scent) . Jupiter Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105507/https://www.jupitermag.com/beauty/fragrance-designer-eric-buterbaugh-how-find-your-signature-scent) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Courbatère de Gaudric, Johanne (10 November 2016). "Eric Buterbaugh, du design floral au parfum" (https://serielimitee.lesechos.fr/beaute/parfum/0211480059828-eric-buterbaugh-du-design-floral-au-parfum-2041923.php) . Les Echos (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105740/https://serielimitee.lesechos.fr/beaute/parfum/0211480059828-eric-buterbaugh-du-design-floral-au-parfum-2041923.php) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Perfumes da Calvin Klein e da Bvlgari que você devia comprar" (https://jeonline.com.br/noticia/11649/perfumes-da-calvin-klein-e-da-bvlgari-que-voce-devia-comprar) . Jornal da Economia (in Brazilian Portuguese). 28 August 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105617/https://jeonline.com.br/noticia/11649/perfumes-da-calvin-klein-e-da-bvlgari-que-voce-devia-comprar) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Salibian, Sandra (24 May 2017). "Bulgari Taps Bella Hadid as Face of Its New Fragrance" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bulgari-bella-hadid-face-new-fragrance-10894402/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042012/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bulgari-bella-hadid-face-new-fragrance-10894402/) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Ma, Fiona (12 July 2018). "Bulgari Trumpets Sustainability Commitment With New Fragrance, Man Wood Essence" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bulgari-trumpets-sustainability-commitment-fragrance-man-wood-essence-1202757066/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105610/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bulgari-trumpets-sustainability-commitment-fragrance-man-wood-essence-1202757066/) from the original on 23 August 2018 . 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823075436/http://www.elle.fr/Beaute/Dossiers-beaute/Parfums/Les-nouveaux-spots-parfums-2156572) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Salter, Kate (25 November 2013). "Made in Britain: Penhaligon's – Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG10473179/Made-in-Britain-Penhaligons.html) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170502141331/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG10473179/Made-in-Britain-Penhaligons.html) from the original on 2 May 2017 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Arias, Betzabe (3 April 2018). "¿Te marean los perfumes? Conoce las mejores alternativas con olor delicado" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/de-ultima/te-marean-los-perfumes-conoce-las-mejores-alternativas-con-olor-delicado) . El Universal (in Spanish). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180824063226/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/de-ultima/te-marean-los-perfumes-conoce-las-mejores-alternativas-con-olor-delicado) from the original on 24 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide . Viking. p. 126. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-01865-9 . ^ Jump up to: a b Veyretout, Emilie (6 December 2016). "Zara se met (bien) au parfum" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/zara-se-met-bien-au-parfum-061216-128490) . Madame Figaro (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180823210622/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/zara-se-met-bien-au-parfum-061216-128490) from the original on 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018 . 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Fashion museum in Paris, France Palais Galliera Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris, known as the Palais Galliera, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris Established 1977 ( 1977 ) Location Paris (/wiki/Paris) Collections costumes of the 18th century to today Director Miren Arzalluz Architect Léon Ginain (/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Ginain) Website www (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/) .palaisgalliera (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/) .paris (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/) .fr (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/) The Palais Galliera , also formally known as the Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris (City of Paris Fashion Museum), and formerly known as Musée Galliera , is a museum of fashion and fashion history located at 10, avenue Pierre 1er de Serbie (/wiki/Avenue_Pierre_1er_de_Serbie) , in the 16th arrondissement (/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris) of Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) . When exhibitions are on it is open daily except Mondays and public holidays; an admission fee is charged and varies depending on the exhibition programmed. The museum opened its doors again 28 September 2013 after being closed for major renovation. Until 2021, there is no permanent presentation of the collections for conservation reasons. Palais Galliera is one of the 14 City of Paris museums (/wiki/Paris_Mus%C3%A9es) that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013, in the public institution Paris Musées (/wiki/Paris_Mus%C3%A9es) . History [ edit ] The Duke of Galliera (/wiki/Raffaele_de_Ferrari) was a partner in the urban planning firm Thome & Cie, and owned a large parcel of land in one of the finest neighborhoods in Paris. Upon his death in 1876, his wife, Maria Brignole Sale De Ferrari (/wiki/Maria_Brignole_Sale_De_Ferrari) , the Duchesse de Galliera (/wiki/Duchess_of_Galliera) , became heir to his immense fortune. The duchess decided that she wanted to use the land to build a museum, at her expense, to hold their works of arts. According to her wishes, a notary prepared a deed of gift to give the land parcel to the French state. However, after the gift was registered and accepted by presidential decree on 30 August 1879, it was discovered that the notary had made a serious error. Rather than donating the parcel to France, the deed was written as a gift to the City of Paris. Unable to change the deed at this point, the gift remained as written. Construction of the museum began in 1879, on an opulent design by architect Léon Ginain (/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Ginain) , who also supervised its construction. In 1884, the Duchess gave 6.5 million francs to the City of Paris for work already done as well as funds necessary to complete it. [1] (#cite_note-Palais-1) On 22 June 1886, Jules Grévy (/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy) and Georges Clemenceau (/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau) convened the Chamber of Deputies (/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_France) of the French Third Republic (/wiki/French_Third_Republic) and adopted a law expelling any person who was a direct heir of a royalist dynasty that had reigned in France. The Duchess Galliera, who had descended from the House of Orléans (/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans) , was outraged by the law, no less because she had already donated the Hôtel Matignon (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon) to France. Unable to revoke her gift of the new museum, she abandoned the rest of her planned legacy to Paris. Thus, her collection of paintings and fine art were given to Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) , Italy, where they are now displayed at the Palazzo Rosso (/wiki/Palazzo_Rosso_(Genoa)) and Palazzo Bianco (/wiki/Palazzo_Bianco) . [1] (#cite_note-Palais-1) The Duchess died in December 1888, before the museum was completed, but in May 1889, her heirs gave the City of Paris 1.3 million francs to finish its construction. Léon Ginain completed the museum in February 1894, which was officially received by the city a few months later, in July. In the absence of the Galliera art collection, for which it was designed, the City of Paris used the museum for temporary displays. The first exhibition, devoted to portraits of women and lace, was inaugurated by President Félix Faure (/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure) on 1 March 1895. It became a museum of industrial arts in 1902, and later, it served as space for temporary shows of modern art. The city also rented it to auctioneers for prestigious sales. [1] (#cite_note-Palais-1) The building [ edit ] View of the museum across Brignole Galliera Square. View from Avenue Pierre Ier de Serbie. Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris The Palais Galliera faces Brignole Galliera Square, immediately north of the Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) and one block east of the Musée Guimet (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet) . The architect Léon Ginain based his design on a palace that the Duchess Galliera owned in Genoa. The building is faced in cut stone in the Italian Renaissance style supported by an underframe of steel, constructed by the Eiffel Company. The mosaic floors and domes are the work of Giandomenico Facchina (/wiki/Giandomenico_Facchina) (1826–1904). The statues on the façade that fronts Avenue du President Wilson represent "Painting" by Henri Chapu, "Architecture" by Jules Thomas, and "Sculpture" by Peter Cavelier. In 1916, a fountain was built in front of the museum. [2] (#cite_note-2) Fashion Museum [ edit ] Since 1977, the City of Paris has operated the Palais Galliera as the Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris, a permanent museum devoted to fashion. It displays exhibits of French fashion design and costume from the eighteenth century to the present day. The museum is closed in between exhibitions. In December 2017, the fashion historian Miren Arzalluz (/w/index.php?title=Miren_Arzalluz&action=edit&redlink=1) was named as the director of the Palais Galliera. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The museum's holdings contain about 70,000 items, and are organized as follows: Costumes – from the 18th century to the present, including clothes owned by Marie-Antoinette (/wiki/Marie-Antoinette) , Louis XVII (/wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France) , and the Empress Josephine (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais) , the dress worn by Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) at the Longchamp Hippodrome (1966), and displays of fashions by the leading 19th and 20th century designers including Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) , Anne-Marie Beretta (/w/index.php?title=Anne-Marie_Beretta&action=edit&redlink=1) , Louise Chéruit (/wiki/Louise_Ch%C3%A9ruit) , Sonia Delaunay (/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) , Mariano Fortuny (/wiki/Mariano_Fortuny_(designer)) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , and Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) . Undergarments – an excellent collection of slips, corsets (/wiki/Corset) , crinolines (/wiki/Crinoline) , etc. Accessories – including jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , canes (/wiki/Walking_stick) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , fans (/wiki/Fan_(implement)) , purses (/wiki/Handbag) , scarves (/wiki/Scarf) , gloves (/wiki/Glove) (including a pair owned by Sarah Bernhardt (/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt) ), parasols (/wiki/Parasol) , and umbrellas (/wiki/Umbrella) . Graphic arts and photography – stamps, drawings, photography, advertisements, etc. See also [ edit ] List of museums in Paris (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Paris) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "L'Histoire du bâtiment" (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/le-palais/histoire-du-batiment) (in French). Palais Galliera . Retrieved 15 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "L'architecture" (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/le-palais/architecture) (in French). Palais Galliera . Retrieved 15 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thomas, Dana (5 March 2018). "Paris's Fashion Museum Gets a New Director" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/05/style/palais-galliera-museum-paris.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 26 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Miren Arzalluz, nouvelle directrice du Palais Galliera – 19 décembre 2017 – lejournaldesarts.fr" (https://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/miren-arzalluz-nouvelle-directrice-du-palais-galliera-134827) . Le Journal Des Arts (in French) . Retrieved 26 September 2020 . Hubert Demory, Auteuil et Passy : De l'Annexion à la Grande Guerre , Paris:L'Harmattan, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2296098703 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/2296098703) Béatrice de Andia, Le 16e : Chaillot – Passy – Auteuil : Métamorphose des trois villages , Paris:Délégation à l'Action Artistique de la Ville de Paris, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2-905118-39-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-905118-39-3) External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musée Galliera (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mus%C3%A9e_Galliera) . Official Palais Galliera site (http://palaisgalliera.paris.fr/) (in English) Galliera Museum page on Paris Musées' website (https://archive.today/20130701223725/http://parismusees.paris.fr/en/city-paris-museums/city-paris-museums-network/galliera-museum-fashion) (in English) Paris Musées official website (http://www.parismusees.paris.fr/en) ParisInfo entry (http://en.parisinfo.com/paris-shopping/guide/take-a-fashion-tour-_fashion-on-stage/museum-monuments/294/musee-galliera-musee-de-la-mode-de-la-ville-de-paris) 48°51′56″N 2°17′48″E / 48.86556°N 2.29667°E / 48.86556; 2.29667 Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000122968838) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/167633766) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118649471) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118649471) Catalonia (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514353406706) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4367056-8) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265767705171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50055363) Geographic MusicBrainz place (https://musicbrainz.org/place/063c5fc5-a624-4a94-8af3-3f63d6acf195) Structurae (https://structurae.net/structures/20015076) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09129742?l=en) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/026393638) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐ptqqj Cached time: 20240720185851 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.457 seconds Real time usage: 0.608 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1850/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29215/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2002/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30829/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.326/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17838284/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 554.504 1 -total 19.24% 106.664 1 Template:Reflist 17.95% 99.516 2 Template:In_lang 17.14% 95.015 1 Template:Authority_control 15.58% 86.395 3 Template:Cite_web 14.78% 81.975 1 Template:Infobox_museum 12.73% 70.585 1 Template:Infobox 11.34% 62.888 1 Template:Short_description 7.05% 39.112 2 Template:Pagetype 6.58% 36.463 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18118976-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720185851 and revision id 1220690335. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palais_Galliera&oldid=1220690335 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palais_Galliera&oldid=1220690335) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Museums in Paris (/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Paris) Buildings and structures in the 16th arrondissement of Paris (/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_the_16th_arrondissement_of_Paris) Fashion museums in France (/wiki/Category:Fashion_museums_in_France) Museums established in 1895 (/wiki/Category:Museums_established_in_1895) 1895 establishments in France (/wiki/Category:1895_establishments_in_France) Paris Musées (/wiki/Category:Paris_Mus%C3%A9es) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from March 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2021) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Coordinates on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with CANTICN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_CANTICN_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with MusicBrainz place identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MusicBrainz_place_identifiers) Articles with Structurae structure identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Structurae_structure_identifiers) Articles with CINII identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_CINII_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers) Pages using the Kartographer extension (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension)
Belgian textile company Herringbone woven (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) cloth from Scabal on a jacket. Scabal is a Belgian (/wiki/Economy_of_Belgium) textile (/wiki/Textile) company founded in 1938 by Otto Hertz as a cloth merchant and supplier of fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) . [1] (#cite_note-Scabal_history-1) "Scabal" is an acronym (/wiki/Acronym) for Société Commerciale Anglo Belgo Allemande Luxembourgeoise . [1] (#cite_note-Scabal_history-1) Its headquarters are in Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) and it now operates as a manufacturer and retailer of men's suits (/wiki/Men%27s_suit) , jackets and shirts (/wiki/Shirt) , as well as producing fabrics for tailors (/wiki/Tailor) and the textile (/wiki/Textile) business. [1] (#cite_note-Scabal_history-1) Most of Scabal's cloth is woven at its heritage mill in Huddersfield (/wiki/Huddersfield) , England (/wiki/England) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Stefano Rivera is the current CEO of Scabal. [3] (#cite_note-3) Retail spaces [ edit ] Scabal stores are located in London (/wiki/London) ( Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) ), Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) , Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) and Seoul. (/wiki/Seoul.) In popular culture [ edit ] Marlon Brando (/wiki/Marlon_Brando) wore Scabal in The Godfather (/wiki/The_Godfather) , and Robert De Niro (/wiki/Robert_De_Niro) wore Scabal suits in Casino (/wiki/Casino_(film)) . See also [ edit ] Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Holland & Sherry (/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry) Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) Carlo Barbera (/wiki/Carlo_Barbera) Vitale Barberis Canonico (/wiki/Vitale_Barberis_Canonico) Dormeuil (/wiki/Dormeuil) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "History - World of Scabal" (http://www.scabal.com/en/world-of-scabal/history) . Retrieved 11 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) scabal.com Heritage (http://ww2.scabal.com/en/heritage/) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Interview with Stefano Rivera, CEO, Scabal (http://www.ninedots.be/en/blog/details/i-wasn-t-the-right-fit-for-the-ceo-position-at-scabal-but-nonet) NineDots, 15/03/2014 External links [ edit ] Scabal (https://www.youtube.com/user/scabalfashion) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) v t e Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Types Woven (/wiki/Woven_fabric) Abacá cloth (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles) (Medriñaque) Aertex (/wiki/Aertex) Armazine (/wiki/Armazine) Almerían silk (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk) Barathea (/wiki/Barathea) Barkcloth (/wiki/Barkcloth) Batiste (/wiki/Batiste) Bedford cord (/wiki/Bedford_cord) Bengaline (/wiki/Bengaline) Beta cloth (/wiki/Beta_cloth) Bombazine (/wiki/Bombazine) Brilliantine (/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)) Broadcloth (/wiki/Broadcloth) Buckram (/wiki/Buckram) Bunting (/wiki/Bunting_(textile)) Burlap (/wiki/Hessian_fabric) Byrd Cloth (/wiki/Byrd_Cloth) C change 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American multi-level marketing company A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Market_America) . ( September 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Market America Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Founded 1992 Founders James Howard Ridinger Loren Ridinger Headquarters Greensboro, North Carolina (/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina) , United States Area served Worldwide Key people James Howard Ridinger ( President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) and CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) Revenue USD (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 791.1 million (2016) [1] (#cite_note-Inc500-1) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) USD (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 146.1 million (2010) [2] (#cite_note-2) Number of employees 800 (as of 2016) [1] (#cite_note-Inc500-1) Website www (https://www.marketamerica.com/) .marketamerica (https://www.marketamerica.com/) .com (https://www.marketamerica.com/) Market America is a multi-level marketing (/wiki/Multi-level_marketing) company [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) [4] (#cite_note-BloombergBusinessweek-4) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) [7] (#cite_note-TINA-7) [8] (#cite_note-Taro-8) founded in 1992 by JR and Loren Ridinger. Headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina (/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina) , the company employed around 800 people as of 2016. [1] (#cite_note-Inc500-1) The products offered by the company include household cleaning supplies, jewelry, personal care products, auto care, cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , dietary supplements (/wiki/Dietary_supplements) , custom websites (/wiki/Website) , water purifiers (/wiki/Water_purifier) , and weight management (/wiki/Weight_management) products. A 2017 lawsuit accused the company of being an illegal pyramid scheme (/wiki/Pyramid_scheme) . [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) History [ edit ] Market America was founded in 1992 by former Amway (/wiki/Amway_Global) distributor James Howard Ridinger and his wife Loren Ridinger. [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) [4] (#cite_note-BloombergBusinessweek-4) The company is headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina (/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina) and employed over 800 employees as of 2016. [1] (#cite_note-Inc500-1) Over the years, the company has sold items such as auto care, electronics, apparel, water filtration systems, flowers, coffee, and oral hygiene (/wiki/Oral_hygiene) through affiliations with outside companies that advertise and offer these items on the firm's site. In 2001, the company went private after James and Loren Ridinger purchased all of its outstanding shares. It had initially been publicly traded since 1994. [9] (#cite_note-9) [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) [10] (#cite_note-10) In late 2010, the company bought shopping comparison firm Shop.com for an undisclosed amount. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In July 2021, Market America announced its partnership with Verb Technology, Inc., a company that provides interactive video-based sales enablement applications, including interactive livestream ecommerce. Market America began to use Verb's services to provide its distributors with interactive, live-stream broadcasts that have a “click now” feature that is available to customers interested in purchasing products during the live broadcast. It was to be made available to all company distributors worldwide. [13] (#cite_note-13) In August 2021, Market America announced its partnership with Sezzle (/wiki/Sezzle) , a financial technology and publicly-traded company with a “buy now, pay later” online payment (/wiki/Online_payment) provider, where shoppers can pay for their total purchase in four installments over six weeks with zero interest. [14] (#cite_note-14) Products and services [ edit ] This section needs editing to comply with Wikipedia's Manual of Style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . Please help improve the content (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Market_America&action=edit) . ( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Market America's product categories include health and nutrition (Isotonix), home and garden care (Snap), pet care (Pet Health), automotive care (Autoworks), weight management (TLS), personal care (Royal Spa, Fixx, Skintelligence), cosmetics (Motives by Loren Ridinger), jewelry (Loren Jewels, Yours by Loren Ridinger), and water filter systems (Pure H2O). Services include personal financial management (maCapital Resources) and Internet marketing (/wiki/Internet_marketing) services for small to medium-sized businesses (maWebCenters). The firm's Isotonix line of dietary supplements (/wiki/Dietary_supplements) was introduced in 1993, and came to include more than 20 products. [15] (#cite_note-15) Its Prime line consists of 12 supplement formulations. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2004, the Transitions Lifestyle System (TLS) weight management (/wiki/Weight_management) program was introduced. [17] (#cite_note-17) Business model [ edit ] According to Market America, all of its products are manufactured by other firms and are exclusively marketed by Market America. The company refers to individual persons and business entities as independent distributors or "UnFranchise Business Owners" who may also operate online retail websites called "Partner Stores". [18] (#cite_note-18) Individual distributors pay startup and monthly fees, and are expected to recruit others. [19] (#cite_note-Gaines2009-19) Market America distributors are eligible to earn money from product sales commissions and recruiting new members to their sales team. In June 2017, the startup fee to become a Market America distributor was reportedly $399 plus additional monthly payments of $129. [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) Market America representatives operate as independent contractors, but are required to spend between $130 and $300 on Market America products and attend seminars and training events that are estimated to cost between $20 and $200 each. [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) Market America has been criticized as an "incarnation of multilevel marketing (/wiki/Multilevel_marketing) " whose products are "almost interchangeable with what you could find in your local CVS (/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy) or Duane Reade (/wiki/Duane_Reade) for half the price" and as a business driven by "distributors finding customers, introducing them to Market America products, and then explaining to them that by selling this product, they can become as wealthy as, well, JR Ridinger." [4] (#cite_note-BloombergBusinessweek-4) In 2004, consumer awareness group president Robert FitzPatrick (/wiki/Robert_L._FitzPatrick) commented that based on available figures, the company's growth "could not go on forever" and disputed the claim that "distributors can achieve financial independence". [20] (#cite_note-Hoag-20) In 2010, Market America began acquisition of Shop.com, a shopping comparison site on the Internet. [21] (#cite_note-21) The acquisition combined shop.com's database technology with Market America's Cashback program and network of independent distributors ("Independent Shop Consultants"). Market America was to remain in Greensboro, N.C. and the previous shop.com staff were to remain in Monterey, California and London, UK. In September 2011, the two-step integration process was half-complete. [22] (#cite_note-22) [4] (#cite_note-BloombergBusinessweek-4) Legal actions and lawsuits [ edit ] In a 2017 federal lawsuit, two distributors accused the company of violating the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (/wiki/RICO) and California state law. The lawsuit calls Market America a pyramid scheme (/wiki/Pyramid_scheme) , noting Market America's claim that "the only way to fail under MarketAmerica’s business model is to quit." The suit claims the company targets Chinese-American immigrants to sell products to friends and relatives in Asia. The lawsuit characterizes Market America's business practice as "racketeering" and says that "while the executives tell distributors they can earn more than $560,000, only those at the top make that kind of money. Ninety percent of sellers do not receive a penny". In April 2019, the California case was transferred to a court in North Carolina and consolidated with another suit. [23] (#cite_note-23) [3] (#cite_note-CBS2017-3) [24] (#cite_note-CN2017-24) In 2020, Truth In Advertising (/wiki/Truth_in_Advertising_(organization)) started an investigation into Market America. The investigation found that "in the first nine months of 2020, Market America published more than 450 deceptive income claims across its website, blog and social media pages". According to the organization, "As a 28-year veteran of the MLM industry with seasoned lawyers on staff, Market America should not have to be reminded of the rules. And the rules state that using atypical earnings claims to recruit distributors is not only deceptive, it's against FTC law". The investigation resulted in Market America removing approximately 750 marketing claims from various media. [7] (#cite_note-TINA-7) In popular culture [ edit ] In a 2016 episode of Last Week Tonight (/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight) , host John Oliver (/wiki/John_Oliver) featured Market America in a segment on multi level marketing scams. [25] (#cite_note-Brown-25) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d "The Inc 5000 Market America profile" (http://www.inc.com/profile/market-america) . 2016 . Retrieved 14 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Market America Worldwide, Inc. and Affiliates Consolidated Balance Sheet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111018031444/http://images.marketamerica.com/lib/downloads/USA/corporate/201106015423269.pdf) (PDF) . 31 December 2010. Archived from the original (http://images.marketamerica.com/lib/downloads/USA/corporate/201106015423269.pdf) (PDF) on 18 October 2011 . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ a b c d e f g Berr, Jonathan (7 June 2017). "Market America faces federal racketeering suit" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/marketamerica-federal-racketeering-lawsuit/) . CBS News . CBS (/wiki/CBS) . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . ^ a b c d "Market America's American Dream Machine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140528193145/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_27/b4235068745806.htm) . June 23, 2011 . Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_27/b4235068745806.htm) on 28 May 2014 . Retrieved 1 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_5-0) Druce, Alex (2021-04-29). "As it happened: ASX sets new 14-month high as miners and tech fire" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/markets/asx-to-push-higher-apple-facebook-post-huge-results-20210429-p57nbz.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 2021-07-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_6-0) "What Is Market America?" (https://smallbusiness.chron.com/market-america-43229.html) . Small Business - Chron.com . Retrieved 2021-07-15 . ^ a b "What You Should Know about Market America" (https://www.truthinadvertising.org/what-you-should-know-about-market-america/) . TINA.org . Truth In Advertising . Retrieved 14 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Taro_8-0) Greenfield, Karl Taro. "CEO takes multilevel marketing to a new level" (https://www.pressreader.com/usa/the-dallas-morning-news/20110717/286482909968552) . Dallas Morning News (/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News) (July 2011) . Retrieved 15 July 2021 – via PressReader. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Market America CEO looks to take company private" (http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/stories/2001/10/15/daily28.html?page=all) . Retrieved 26 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kelly, Elise (2021-04-30). "Sezzle (ASX:SZL) to register for U.S. IPO" (https://themarketherald.com.au/sezzle-asxszl-to-register-for-u-s-ipo-2021-04-30/) . The Market Herald . Retrieved 2023-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160505150531/https://www.internetretailer.com/2011/04/04/market-america-plugs-technology-upgrade-shopcom) . Archived from the original (https://www.internetretailer.com/2011/04/04/market-america-plugs-technology-upgrade-shopcom) on 2016-05-05 . Retrieved 2016-04-21 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Shop.com finds a buyer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101217071214/http://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/12/shopcom-backed-by-bill-gates-and.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/12/shopcom-backed-by-bill-gates-and.html) on 17 December 2010 . Retrieved 26 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "VERB to Showcase Interactive Video-based Sales Solutions at Sidoti August Microcap Conference" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/verb-showcase-interactive-video-based-123000863.html) . YAHOO . 2021-08-18 . Retrieved 2021-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Market America Worldwide Launches Sezzle's Top-Rated Buy Now, Pay Later Online Payment Platform on Its Top 100 E-Commerce Site, SHOP.COM" (https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/market-america-worldwide-launches-sezzle-s-top-rated-buy-now-pay-later-online-payment-platform-on-its-top-100-e-commerce-site-shop-com-1030621943) . markets.businessinsider.com . 2021-07-19 . Retrieved 2021-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Isotonix Delivery System" (http://isotonix.marketamerica.com/Corporate/USA/Learn/Delivery) . Retrieved 26 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Prime Anti Aging Nutraceuticals" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100920212241/http://www.marketamerica.com/brands-213/prime.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.marketamerica.com/brands-213/prime.htm#) on 20 September 2010 . Retrieved 29 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Market America 2010 International Convention: Looks to Social Media, Celebrity Partnerships & Technology Enhancements, Scottie Pippen & Kim Kardashian Partner with Market America" (http://www.prweb.com/releases/2010/08/prweb4377234.htm) (Press release). 11 August 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Partner Stores" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110823201756/http://www.marketamerica.com/index.cfm?action=shopping.wpAddStoresSS) . Archived from the original (http://www.marketamerica.com/index.cfm?action=shopping.wpAddStoresSS) on 23 August 2011 . Retrieved 23 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gaines2009_19-0) Steven Gaines (27 January 2009). Fool's Paradise: Players, Poseurs, and the Culture of Excess in South Beach . Crown/Archetype. pp. 6–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-307-45221-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hoag_20-0) Hoag, Christina (16 February 2004). "Direct Sales Company Allows Miami-Area Founders to Enjoy Extravagant Lifestyle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140611135126/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-113313524.html) . The Miami Herald Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-113313524.html) on 11 June 2014 . Retrieved 2014-05-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Market America to buy Shop.com" (http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/news/2010/12/15/market-america-to-buy-shopcom.html) . 15 December 2010 . Retrieved March 26, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Market America completes the heavy lifting of integrating Shop.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110923221415/http://www.internetretailer.com/2011/09/19/market-america-completes-heavy-lifting-integrating-shopc) . September 26, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.internetretailer.com/2011/09/19/market-america-completes-heavy-lifting-integrating-shopc) on September 23, 2011 . Retrieved March 26, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "MarketAmerica" (https://www.truthinadvertising.org/marketamerica/) . Truth In Advertising . 2019-05-09 . Retrieved 2020-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-CN2017_24-0) Reynolds, Matt. "Class Accuses Market America of Racketeering" (https://www.courthousenews.com/class-accuses-market-america-racketeering/) . Courthouse News . Courthouse News Service . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Brown_25-0) Brown, Mike (7 November 2016). "John Oliver: Herbalife and Amway are Pyramid Schemes" (https://www.inverse.com/article/23316-john-oliver-last-week-tonight-herbalife-amway) . inverse.com . Inverse magazine (/wiki/Inverse_(website)) . Retrieved 1 June 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.marketamerica.com/) v t e Multi-level marketing (/wiki/Multi-level_marketing) companies List (/wiki/List_of_multi-level_marketing_companies) Direct selling (/wiki/Direct_selling) Active 5Linx (/wiki/5Linx) ACN Inc. (/wiki/ACN_Inc.) 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This category is for articles on individual bikinis (/wiki/Bikini) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5d694898fb‐6mtg8 Cached time: 20240710091914 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31870391-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710091914 and revision id 766801143. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "Individual bikinis" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . F Fur bikini of Raquel Welch (/wiki/Fur_bikini_of_Raquel_Welch) J Jayne Mansfield's leopard spot bikini (/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield%27s_leopard_spot_bikini) P Princess Leia's bikini (/wiki/Princess_Leia%27s_bikini) W White bikini of Ursula Andress (/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Individual_bikinis&oldid=766801143 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Individual_bikinis&oldid=766801143) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Individual garments (/wiki/Category:Individual_garments) Bikinis (/wiki/Category:Bikinis)
This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pietro_Loro_Piana) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Pietro Loro Piana" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pietro+Loro+Piana%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Pietro Antonio Loro Piana ( Trivero (/wiki/Trivero) , 6 September 1883 – 1941) was an Italian engineer (/wiki/Engineer) and entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) . He founded the textile company Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Biography [ edit ] Pietro Antonio Loro Piana was the son of Giacomo Loro Piana and Clementina Zignone. His family had been in wool-making in the Province of Biella (/wiki/Province_of_Biella) . [1] (#cite_note-history-1) [ non-primary source needed ] In Quarona (/wiki/Quarona) , Province of Vercelli (/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli) , he founded the Lanificio Fratelli Lora e Compagnia and then Lanificio di Quarona di Zignone & C. . [1] (#cite_note-history-1) He then started a new venture, Ing. Loro Piana & C. (/wiki/Loro_Piana) in Corso Rolandi (/w/index.php?title=Corso_Rolandi&action=edit&redlink=1) on 24 April 1924. [2] (#cite_note-italmoda-2) It later became the Loro Piana SpA, one of the largest companies in the world producing clothing in cashmere wool (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) . [2] (#cite_note-italmoda-2) Loro Piana died in 1941. See also [ edit ] Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Cashmere wool (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Loro Piana Company history (http://www.loropiana.com/eng/company/storia.php) , from official website ^ Jump up to: a b Loro Piana: historical background - The Family (http://italmoda.su/eng/piana.shtml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110818175726/http://italmoda.su/eng/piana.shtml) 2011-08-18 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , italmoda.su External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.loropiana.com/) This article about an Italian engineer, inventor or industrial designer is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Loro_Piana&action=edit) . v t e This business-related Italian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Subreddit r/malefashionadvice Type of site Subreddit (/wiki/Subreddit) Founded September 2, 2009 ; 14 years ago ( 2009-09-02 ) Owner Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) URL reddit (https://reddit.com/r/malefashionadvice) .com (https://reddit.com/r/malefashionadvice) /r (https://reddit.com/r/malefashionadvice) /malefashionadvice (https://reddit.com/r/malefashionadvice) Users (/wiki/Registered_user) 5.4 million subscribers r/malefashionadvice is a subreddit for men seeking fashion advice. Founded in September 2009, the subreddit features men providing their outfits and asking for advice. In June 2023, r/malefashionadvice protested (/wiki/2023_Reddit_API_controversy) changes to Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) 's application programming interface (/wiki/Application_programming_interface) (API), and the subreddit's community moved to Discord (/wiki/Discord) and Substack (/wiki/Substack) . Reddit administrators seized control of the subreddit on July 20. History [ edit ] r/malefashionadvice was founded by Jeremy Wagner-Kaiser in September 2009 after discussing men's fashion with other users on Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) . Speaking to Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) , Wagner-Kaiser said, "[r/malefashionadvice] was created explicitly to give advice to people who don't have any idea what they're doing. We want them to have clear, straightforward answers", referring to the elitism of forums such as NikeTalk (/wiki/NikeTalk) , Superfuture, Styleforum, and Ask Andy About Clothes. [1] (#cite_note-EsquireInfo-1) During the 2023 Reddit API controversy (/wiki/2023_Reddit_API_controversy) , r/malefashionadvice voted to become a subreddit to discuss male fashion of the 1700s (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) , including imagery of Jack Sparrow (/wiki/Jack_Sparrow) , as did r/femalefashionadvice. [2] (#cite_note-2) The subreddit went private shortly afterwards as moderators urged members to move to Discord (/wiki/Discord) and Substack (/wiki/Substack) . Reddit administrators informed moderators that they would be removed if the subreddit remained private. [3] (#cite_note-3) On July 20, Reddit took over the subreddit under an account named "ModCodeofConduct". [4] (#cite_note-4) Reddit has called for additional moderators on the subreddit. [5] (#cite_note-5) Content [ edit ] r/malefashionadvice is a community-focused advice subreddit; Wagner-Kaiser attributes the success of the subreddit to its anti-elitist mission, as well as novices and hobbyists. [1] (#cite_note-EsquireInfo-1) Users can run outfits by each other, ask advice, and provide resources. [6] (#cite_note-6) "What I'm Wearing", a regular thread on the subreddit, features users sharing their outfits and asking for advice. [7] (#cite_note-7) "What Are You Wearing Today?" is a biweekly thread in which users share their outfits in pride. [8] (#cite_note-8) Joseph Knowles, a Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) student, was voted twice in a row as the subreddit's best-dressed man for his entries in the thread. [9] (#cite_note-9) The culture of r/malefashionadvice references Internet memes (/wiki/Internet_memes) . The inexpensive, generic "Basic Bastard" attire, a frequent in-joke, has developed from a blue Oxford shirt (/wiki/Oxford_shirt) , khaki chinos (/wiki/Chinos) , and desert boots (/wiki/Desert_boots) from Clarks (/wiki/C._%26_J._Clark) , to a gray crew neck (/wiki/Crew_neck) sweater, denim (/wiki/Denim) , and minimalist white sneakers. The moderators of the subreddit attempt to avoid toxic masculinity (/wiki/Toxic_masculinity) , pickup artists (/wiki/Pickup_artist) , and men complaining about high fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) , such as a Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) runway. [10] (#cite_note-10) Reception and influence [ edit ] Law professor and blogger Ann Althouse (/wiki/Ann_Althouse) praised the subreddit in a 2019 blog post. [11] (#cite_note-11) The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) reporter Jacob Gallagher tested several methods to identify a jacket David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) wore on The Late Late Show with James Corden (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden) , finding asking r/malefashionadvice to be the fastest method; users correctly identified the jacket from RRL, Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) 's rugged brand. [12] (#cite_note-12) r/malefashionadvice and r/malefashion have been used to organically promote products. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2011, fashion brand Outlier appeared on the front page of Reddit through r/malefashionadvice, leading the brand to create its own subreddit. [14] (#cite_note-14) The outfit calculator Twelve70 experienced a surge in popularity after its creators posted the app on r/malefashionadvice, becoming one of the most popular posts on the subreddit. [15] (#cite_note-15) In academia [ edit ] Sociologist J. Slade Lellock analyzed r/malefashionadvice in a 2018 study, finding that the subreddit reflected a shift in masculinity and an acceptance of fashion, though reserved that engagement in fashion is strategically supportive of men's ideals, affirming fashion scholar Ben Barry (/wiki/Ben_Barry) 's assertion. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiner20198-16) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Flammla, Christine (September 6, 2019). "How Reddit's Male Fashion Advice Became One of the Nicest Places on the Internet" (https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a28879542/reddit-male-fashion-advice/) . Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Peters, Jay (June 22, 2023). "Fashion advice subreddits are turning back the clock to protest Reddit" (https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/22/23770056/reddit-fashion-advice-subreddits-female-male-protest) . The Verge (/wiki/The_Verge) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Peters, Jay (July 13, 2023). "One of Reddit's biggest communities is suggesting users move to Discord" (https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/13/23794110/reddit-male-fashion-advice-protest-discord-substack) . The Verge (/wiki/The_Verge) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Peters, Jay (July 21, 2023). "Reddit takes over one of the biggest protesting subreddits" (https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23802370/reddit-over-reopens-subreddit-protest-male-fashion-advice) . The Verge (/wiki/The_Verge) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Harding, Scharon (July 28, 2023). "Reddit calls for "a few new mods" after axing, polarizing some of its best" (https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/07/reddit-calls-for-a-few-new-mods-after-axing-polarizing-some-of-its-best/) . Ars Technica (/wiki/Ars_Technica) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Baragona, Louis (September 19, 2018). "The Reddit Community for Male Fashion Advice Is Full of Helpful Style Hacks" (https://www.menshealth.com/style/a23307359/reddit-male-fashion-advice/) . Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Brandom, Russell (August 7, 2012). "Reddit: Where Nerds Learn to Love Fashion" (https://www.esquire.com/style/a15204/reddit-male-fashion-advice-2012/) . Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wolf, Cam (January 31, 2017). "The Best-Dressed Man on Reddit Is an Expert at Thrifting" (https://www.racked.com/2017/1/31/14402456/best-dressed-man-reddit-thift) . Racked (/wiki/Racked) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hosie, Rachel (February 1, 2017). "How the best-dressed man on the internet spends only £30 a week on clothes" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/best-dressed-man-internet-clothes-budget-reddit-male-fashion-advice-joseph-knowles-a7556801.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Jennings, Rebecca (March 19, 2018). "The Surprising Sweetness of Menswear Reddit" (https://www.vox.com/2018/3/19/17126992/male-fashion-advice-reddit) . Vox (/wiki/Vox_(website)) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Althouse, Ann (/wiki/Ann_Althouse) (September 9, 2019). " (https://althouse.blogspot.com/2019/09/how-reddits-male-fashion-advice-became.html) "How Reddit's Male Fashion Advice Became One of the Nicest Places on the Internet/The popular subreddit turned 10 this week, and it's still helping guys improve their style—sans trolls." (https://althouse.blogspot.com/2019/09/how-reddits-male-fashion-advice-became.html) " (https://althouse.blogspot.com/2019/09/how-reddits-male-fashion-advice-became.html) . Althouse . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Gallagher, Jacob (April 30, 2019). "Does a Shazam for Clothing Exist?" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-a-shazam-like-app-for-clothing-exist-11556640029) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Parisi, Danny (April 30, 2019). "How fashion brands are tapping into the exclusive Reddit community" (https://www.glossy.co/fashion/how-fashion-brands-are-tapping-into-the-exclusive-reddit-community/) . Glossy . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Gayomali, Chris (December 16, 2014). "A Chance Encounter, Reddit Marketing, And Pants You Can Wear Forever: One Startup's Story" (https://www.fastcompany.com/3039516/a-chance-encounter-reddit-marketing-and-pants-you-can-wear-forever-one-) . Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) . Retrieved July 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Darling, Mike (February 3, 2021). "These Brothers Spent 4 Years Building a 'Style Calculator' to Help Men Dress Better" (https://www.menshealth.com/style/a35395439/style-calculator-twelve-seventy-fashion-advice-men/) . Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health) . Retrieved August 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiner20198_16-0) Weiner 2019 (#CITEREFWeiner2019) , p. 8. Works cited [ edit ] Weiner, Nathanie (2019). "Fashion vs style: The repudiation of fashion in online menswear communities" (https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/infs.6.1.3_1) . International Journal of Fashion Studies . 6 (1): 3–23. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1386/infs.6.1.3_1 (https://doi.org/10.1386%2Finfs.6.1.3_1) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2299/21355 (https://hdl.handle.net/2299%2F21355) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 186295495 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186295495) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R/malefashionadvice&oldid=1191544687 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R/malefashionadvice&oldid=1191544687) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Subreddits (/wiki/Category:Subreddits) Fashion websites (/wiki/Category:Fashion_websites) Internet properties established in 2009 (/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_2009) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Use American English from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2023) All Wikipedia articles written in American English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English) Use mdy dates from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2023)
Redback Boot Company Industry Footwear Headquarters Alexandria, New South Wales (/wiki/Alexandria,_New_South_Wales) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Products Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) , Safety boots (/wiki/Safety_boot) and Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Owner Cloros family Website www (http://www.redbackboots.com) .redbackboots (http://www.redbackboots.com) .com (http://www.redbackboots.com) The Australian Terra Combat Boot. Redback Boots is an Australian footwear (/wiki/Footwear) manufacturing company, owned by the Cloros family. [1] (#cite_note-1) It specializes in lightweight work boots (/wiki/Boot) , and has been a supplier of the Australian Army (/wiki/Australian_Army) , [2] (#cite_note-2) with its "Terra" boot at times being standard issue. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since 2000, the Australian Defence Force (/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force) , primarily uses the Redback Terra Combat Boot as a replacement for the Vietnam War-era General Purpose combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) . It was given a limited number of tests in 1999, and was later distributed in 2000. Criticism [ edit ] Despite the boot's general aptitude for the tasks which the ADF had first put it in place for, it still had major flaws. 90% of all negative feedback from soldiers was about its inappropriate sizing, having only 43 different sizes. Many also claimed that its sole would rot under worst-case tropical circumstances. Various military personnel have also used Rossi Boots (/wiki/Rossi_Boots) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Booth, Meredith (18 January 2007). "Boots jobs 'safe' in Adelaide after plant closes" (http://www.news.com.au/national/boots-jobs-safe-in-adelaide-after-plant-closes/story-e6frfkx9-1111112851173) . News.com.au . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131208065147/http://www.news.com.au/national/boots-jobs-safe-in-adelaide-after-plant-closes/story-e6frfkx9-1111112851173) from the original on 8 December 2013 . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wellfare, John (22 April 2004). "In Terra's grip" (http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1095/features/feature03.htm) . Army - The Soldiers' Newspaper . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240721173525/https://www.armynewspaper.defence.gov.au/) from the original on 21 July 2024 . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) McPhedran, Ian (/wiki/Ian_McPhedran) (7 December 2007). "Boots fail army review" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/national/boots-fail-army-review/story-e6freooo-1111115060553) . The Courier-Mail (/wiki/The_Courier-Mail) . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Brooks, Sally (13 July 2014). "Defence gives SA-made shoes the boot for imports" (https://adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/defence-snubs-samade-rossi-boots-in-favour-of-imports-for-defence-workers/news-story/8c5e61c9f93c6a838a03f5ea11129bf6) . Adelaidenow.com.au . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.redbackboots.com/) Football Boots (https://www.prosoccernz.com/) This article about the military of Australia (/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Melodie Monrose Born ( 1992-04-13 ) April 13, 1992 (age 32) Martinique (/wiki/Martinique) , France Nationality French Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Dark brown Eye color Brown Agency Next Model Management (/wiki/Next_Model_Management) (New York, Paris, Milan, London) Uno Models (Barcelona) Seeds Management GmbH (Berlin) Le Management (Copenhagen, Stockholm) NEW Scouting & Management (Queens) [1] (#cite_note-1) Melodie Monrose is a French fashion model from Martinique (/wiki/Martinique) . Career [ edit ] Monrose began her modeling career in 2010 at the age of 18, when she was discovered by Your Angels Models, a local modeling agency in her native Martinique. Just weeks after signing with Your Angels Models [2] (#cite_note-2) Monrose began working with Wilhelmina (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) in New York and Silent models (/wiki/Silent_models) in Paris. [3] (#cite_note-nymag1-3) Debuting during the S/S 2011 collections in New York, Monrose has since walked the runway for top designers including Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [4] (#cite_note-4) After her first runway season Monrose was named a top 10 new face by Style.com, [5] (#cite_note-5) Models.com, [6] (#cite_note-6) and COACD. [7] (#cite_note-7) In July 2011 Monrose left Wilhelmina for Silent models (/wiki/Silent_models) , which now represents her in both New York and Paris. [8] (#cite_note-8) Monrose has appeared in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Vogue Turkey , Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) , and V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) . [9] (#cite_note-9) She was photographed by Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) for the F/W 2011 D&G (/wiki/D%26G) ad campaign. [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life [ edit ] Before becoming a model Monrose dreamed of a career as a designer. [3] (#cite_note-nymag1-3) Deeply interested in fashion, in a January 2011 interview with Vogue Italia she named John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , and Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) as her favorite designers. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Melodie Monrose - Model" (https://models.com/models/Melodie-Monrose) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mélodie – Your Angel Models" (http://yourangelmodels.com/?p=40) . Yourangelmodels.com. 2011-02-12 . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b Lim, James (2011-10-04). "Meet the New Girl: Melodie Monrose, Shy Girl Turned Supermodel? - The Cut" (https://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/10/meet_the_new_girl_melodie_monr.html) . Nymag.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Melodie Monrose Photos on" (http://www.style.com/peopleparties/modelsearch/person13073) . Style.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Top Ten New Models of Spring 2011" (http://www.style.com/trendsshopping/stylenotes/101810_Top_Ten_Models/) . Style.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) wayne (2010-10-18). "Top 10 Newcomer SS11: Melodie (Wilhelmina) - Of The Minute" (http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=22926) . Models.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Collective Shift: Spring Summer 2011 COACD Top Ten New Faces" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101121140222/http://coacdinc.com/collective-shift-spring-summer-2011-coacd-top-ten-new-faces/) . Archived from the original (http://coacdinc.com/collective-shift-spring-summer-2011-coacd-top-ten-new-faces/) on November 21, 2010 . Retrieved September 15, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Melodie Monrose: Wilhelmina -> Silent NY - Switching models" (http://switching-models.over-blog.com/article-melodie-monrose-wilhelmina-silent-ny-79370784.html) (in French). Switching-models.over-blog.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Melodie Monrose - Model Profile - Photos & latest news" (http://models.com/models/Melodie-Monrose) . Models.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "D&G F/W 11 (D&G)" (http://models.com/work/dg-dg-fw-11) . Models.com . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bethann Hardison (2010-12-14). "Melodie Monrose" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110817210612/http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-black/new-faces/2011/01/melodie-monrose) . Vogue.it. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-black/new-faces/2011/01/melodie-monrose) on 2011-08-17 . Retrieved 2011-10-08 . 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MOU Industry Retail Founded 2002 Founder Shelley Tichborne Headquarters London , UK Area served Worldwide Products Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Website www (https://www.mou.com) .mou (https://www.mou.com) .com (https://www.mou.com) Mou is a footwear company founded in 2002 in London (/wiki/London) by Shelley Tichborne. [1] (#cite_note-1) Overview [ edit ] Mou creates hand-crafted footwear in natural fibres. [2] (#cite_note-2) Actor Evan Peters (/wiki/Evan_Peters) , Emma Roberts (/wiki/Emma_Roberts) , Idris Elba (/wiki/Idris_Elba) , Debra Messing (/wiki/Debra_Messing) , Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) , Chloe Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) and Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) were in the news while purchasing Mou boots. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) reported that Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) was dressed up for the Arctic wearing sheepskin boots from Mou and said she loved them. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) As per the article posted in Huffpost (/wiki/HuffPost) , Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) recommended Mou's Antelope Cowboy winter boots. [8] (#cite_note-8) According to a report published by Market Research Place titled "Place Global UGG Boots Market Research Report 2019" the demand for such type of boots is expected to show significant growth in the coming years and focuses on the following brands UGG (/wiki/Ugg_boots) , YellowEarth, JumboUGG, CozySteps, EMU, MOU, Shepherd's Life, JUYI, Yijiabao, EVER, Aukoala, ICCASU, KOALABI, Luxe, LOVE, Blue Mountains, Belle. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) UK, POPSUGAR Fashion (2010-12-02). "A Quick Chat with Mou Boots Designer Shelley Tichborne" (http://www.popsugar.co.uk/fashion/Interview-Mou-boots-designer-Shelley-Tichborne-12139714) . POPSUGAR Fashion UK . Retrieved 2019-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cennamo, Cristina (2018-12-19). "Mou boots, when style meets the love of nature" (https://magazine.michelefranzesemoda.com/mou-boots-when-style-meets-the-love-of-nature/) . Il magazine di Michele Franzese Moda . Retrieved 2019-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bell, Jennie (2018-01-24). "This Boho-Chic Boot Brand Is Winning Over Celebrities at Sundance" (https://footwearnews.com/2018/focus/womens/celebrities-mou-shearling-boots-2018-sundance-film-festival-486020/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2019-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "More Pics of Sarah Jessica Parker Sheepskin Boots" (http://www.stylebistro.com/lookbook/Sheepskin+Boots/ivxho7Ji5Ce/Sarah+Jessica+Parker/angle/_rCiaIW-bsP) . www.stylebistro.com . Retrieved 2019-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Glamour. "Top 100 Winter Boots" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/top-100-autumn-winter-boots-for-women) . Glamour UK . Retrieved 2019-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bussmann, Kate (2019-01-26). "Penélope Cruz on what it's like being half of Hollywood's sexiest couple" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/people/penelopecruz-never-party-person-never-go/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2019-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Groce, Nia (2017-10-16). "What's in the Works for Shearling Brands This Holiday" (https://footwearnews.com/2017/focus/womens/sheepskin-boots-shearling-shoes-445290/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2019-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Gwyneth Paltrow: 'I'm Freezing My A** Off!' (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gwyneth-paltrow-im-freezi_n_794306) " (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gwyneth-paltrow-im-freezi_n_794306) . HuffPost . 2010-12-09 . Retrieved 2019-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Global UGG Boots Market Research Report 2019-2024 - Market Research Place" (https://www.marketresearchplace.com/report/global-ugg-boots-market-research-report-2019-2024-152825.html) . www.marketresearchplace.com . Retrieved 2019-09-06 . 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Elle Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) on the March 2013 cover of Elle Editor Kala Nizampuri Categories Fashion (/wiki/List_of_fashion_magazines) Frequency Monthly Circulation (/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation) 93,000 [1] (#cite_note-1) Publisher Kala Nizampuri First issue December 1996 ( 1996-12 ) Company Ogaan Media Pvt. Ltd. (1996-present) Country India (/wiki/India) Based in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) Language English (/wiki/English_language) Website Elle.in (http://www.elle.in/) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 44005789 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44005789) Elle is the Indian edition of the worldwide lifestyle magazine (/wiki/Lifestyle_magazine) of French origin called Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . History and profile [ edit ] The first issue of the Indian edition of Elle was the December 1996 issue. [2] (#cite_note-2) The magazine is published by Ogaan Publications Pvt. Ltd. Ogaan is based in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) and has offices in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) and Bangalore (/wiki/Bangalore) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Editors [ edit ] The following have served as Editors of Elle India : Neerja Shah Nonita Kalra Aishwarya Subramanium Supriya Dravid Kamna Malik Ainee Ahmedi (Present) See also [ edit ] List of Elle (India) cover models (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ELLE India Editor-in-Chief Nonita Kalra" (http://www.exclusivelyfashionmag.com/stories/stories2010/exstories2010-06nkalra.html) . Exclusively fashion mag . 20 April 2009 . Retrieved 19 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Amrita Madhukalya (19 July 2015). "Of recipes and G-spots: On India's 'magazine era' (http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-of-recipes-and-g-spots-on-india-s-magazine-era-2105879) " (http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-of-recipes-and-g-spots-on-india-s-magazine-era-2105879) . dna . Retrieved 25 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Elle Masthead" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130527205316/http://www.ellenow.com/masthead.html) . Elle Now . Archived from the original (http://www.ellenow.com/masthead.html) on 27 May 2013 . Retrieved 19 March 2013 . 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(Redirected from Jesuit habit (/w/index.php?title=Jesuit_habit&redirect=no) ) Distinctive set of garments worn by members of a religious order This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Religious_habit) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Religious habit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Religious+habit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Religious+habit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Religious+habit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Religious+habit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) St. Anthony the Great (/wiki/Anthony_the_Great) , wearing the habit of a Coptic (/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria) monk. Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) on Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) and corresponding attires (/wiki/Clothing) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) ( full dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) ( half dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) ( undress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) , "dress clothes") Suit (/wiki/Suit) Service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) (anything not above) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Casual Friday (/wiki/Casual_Friday) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) known as Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Supplementary alternatives Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) law courts (/wiki/Court_dress) royal courts (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) , etc. Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , habit , etc. Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) Distinctions Orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) medals (/wiki/Medal) , etc. Legend: = Day (before 6 p.m.) = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) colour = Ladies = Gentlemen Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) worn by members of a religious order (/wiki/Religious_order) . Traditionally some plain garb recognizable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious eremitic (/wiki/Hermit) and anchoritic (/wiki/Anchorite) life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style. Uniformity and distinctiveness by order often evolved and changed over time. Interpretation of terms for clothes in religious rules could change over centuries. Furthermore, every time new communities gained importance in a cultural area the need for visual separation increased for new as well as old communities. Thus, modern habits are rooted in historic forms, but do not necessarily resemble them in cut, colour, material, detail or use. In Christian monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) orders of the Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_church) , Lutheran (/wiki/Lutheranism) and Anglican (/wiki/Anglicanism) Churches, the habit often consists of a tunic (/wiki/Tunic) covered by a scapular (/wiki/Scapular) and cowl (/wiki/Cowl) , with a hood for monks (/wiki/Monk) or friars (/wiki/Friar) and a veil (/wiki/Veil) for nuns (/wiki/Nun) ; in apostolic orders it may be a distinctive form of cassock (/wiki/Cassock) for men, or a distinctive habit and veil for women. Catholic Canon Law (/wiki/Canon_Law) requires only that the garb of their members be in some way identifiable so that the person may serve as a witness of the Evangelical counsels (/wiki/Evangelical_counsels) . In many orders, the conclusion of postulancy (/wiki/Postulant) and the beginning of the novitiate (/wiki/Novitiate) is marked by a ceremony, in which the new novice is accepted as a novice and then clothed in the community's habit by the superior (/wiki/General_superior) . In some cases the novice's habit will be somewhat different from the customary habit: for instance, in certain orders of women that use the veil (/wiki/Veil) , it is common for novices to wear a white veil while professed members wear black, or if the order generally wears white, the novice wears a grey veil. Among some Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) communities of men, novices wear a sort of overshirt over their tunic; Carthusian (/wiki/Carthusian) novices wear a black cloak over their white habit. Buddhism [ edit ] Monks from Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) and China (/wiki/China) wearing traditional kāṣāya; Bezeklik (/wiki/Bezeklik) , Eastern Tarim Basin (/wiki/Tarim_Basin) , China, 9th–10th century Kāṣāya ( Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit_language) : काषाय , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit) : kāṣāya ; Pali (/wiki/Pali) : kasāva; Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袈裟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : jiāshā ; Cantonese Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : gaa 1 saa 1 ; Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) : 袈裟 kesa ; Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 袈裟 가사 gasa ; Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) : cà-sa ), "chougu" ( Tibetan (/wiki/Standard_Tibetan) ) are the robes of Buddhist (/wiki/Buddhism) monks (/wiki/Bhikkhu) and nuns (/wiki/Bhikkhuni) , named after a brown or saffron dye. In Sanskrit and Pali, these robes are also given the more general term cīvara , which references the robes without regard to color. Origin and construction [ edit ] An early representation of the Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) wearing kāṣāya robes, in the Hellenistic (/wiki/Hellenistic) style Buddhist kāṣāya are said to have originated in India (/wiki/India) as set of robes for the devotees of Gautama Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) . A notable variant has a pattern reminiscent of an Asian rice field. Original kāṣāya were constructed of discarded fabric (/wiki/Textile) . These were stitched together to form three rectangular pieces of cloth, which were then fitted over the body in a specific manner. The three main pieces of cloth are the antarvāsa , the uttarāsaṅga , and the saṃghāti . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390-1) Together they form the "triple robe", or tricīvara . The tricīvara is described more fully in the Theravāda (/wiki/Therav%C4%81da) Vinaya (/wiki/Vinaya) (Vin 1:94 289). Uttarāsaṅga [ edit ] A robe covering the upper body. It is worn over the undergarment, or antarvāsa. In representations of the Buddha, the uttarāsaṅga rarely appears as the uppermost garment, since it is often covered by the outer robe, or saṃghāti. Saṃghāti [ edit ] The saṃghāti is an outer robe used for various occasions. It comes over the upper robe ( uttarāsaṅga ), and the undergarment ( antarvāsa ). In representations of the Buddha, the saṃghāti is usually the most visible garment, with the undergarment or uttarāsaṅga protruding at the bottom. It is quite similar in shape to the Greek himation (/wiki/Himation) , and its shape and folds have been treated in Greek style in the Greco-Buddhist art (/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art) of Gandhāra (/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ra) . Additions [ edit ] Other items that may have been worn with the triple robe were: a waist cloth, the kushalaka a buckled belt, the samakaksika Indian depiction of the Buddha wearing red robes; Sanskrit manuscript, Nālandā (/wiki/N%C4%81land%C4%81) , Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , India, Pāla period Kāṣāya in Indian Buddhism [ edit ] In India, variations of the kāṣāya robe distinguished different types of monastics. These represented the different schools that they belonged to, and their robes ranged widely from red and ochre, to blue and black. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) Between 148 and 170 CE, the Parthian (/wiki/Parthia) monk An Shigao (/wiki/An_Shigao) came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí (Ch. 大比丘三千威儀). [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455-3) Another text translated at a later date, the Śariputraparipṛcchā , contains a very similar passage corroborating this information, but the colors for the Sarvāstivāda and Dharmaguptaka sects are reversed. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56-4) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESujato2012i-5) Nikāya Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí Śariputraparipṛcchā Sarvāstivāda (/wiki/Sarvastivada) Deep Red Black Dharmaguptaka (/wiki/Dharmaguptaka) Black Deep Red Mahāsāṃghika (/wiki/Mahasamghika) Yellow Yellow Mahīśāsaka (/wiki/Mahisasaka) Blue Blue Kaśyapīya (/wiki/Kasyapiya) Magnolia Magnolia In traditions of Tibetan Buddhism (/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism) , which follow the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, red robes are regarded as characteristic of the Mūlasarvāstivādins. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266-6) According to Dudjom Rinpoche from the tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, the robes of fully ordained Mahāsāṃghika monastics were to be sewn out of more than seven sections, but no more than twenty-three sections. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) The symbols sewn on the robes were the endless knot (/wiki/Endless_knot) (Skt. śrīvatsa ) and the conch shell (Skt. śaṅkha ), two of the Eight Auspicious Signs (/wiki/Ashtamangala) in Buddhism. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) Jiāshā in Chinese Buddhism [ edit ] In Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is called gāsā (Ch. 袈裟). During the early period of Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the most common color was red. Later, the color of the robes came to serve as a way to distinguish monastics, just as they did in India. However, the colors of a Chinese Buddhist monastic's robes often corresponded to their geographical region rather than to any specific schools. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) By the maturation of Chinese Buddhism, only the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage was still in use, and therefore the color of robes served no useful purpose as a designation for sects, the way that it had in India. Kesa in Japanese Buddhism [ edit ] Japanese Buddhist priest's mantle ( kesa ), 1775–1825, LACMA (/wiki/LACMA) textile collections In Japanese Buddhism (/wiki/Japanese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is known as the kesa ( 袈裟 ) . In Japan, during the Edo (/wiki/Edo_period) and Meiji periods (/wiki/Meiji_period) , kesa were sometimes pieced together from the theatrical kimono (/wiki/Kimono) used in Noh theatre (/wiki/Noh_theatre) . Christianity [ edit ] Religious clothing includes habits Catholicism [ edit ] Pope John Paul II (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) in his post-apostolic Exhortation Vita consecrata (1996) says concerning the religious habit of consecrated (/wiki/Consecrated_life) persons: §25 [...] The Church must always seek to make her presence visible in everyday life, especially in contemporary culture, which is often very secularized and yet sensitive to the language of signs. In this regard the Church has a right to expect a significant contribution from consecrated persons, called as they are in every situation to bear clear witness that they belong to Christ. Since the habit is a sign of consecration, poverty and membership in a particular Religious family, I join the Fathers of the Synod in strongly recommending to men and women religious that they wear their proper habit, suitably adapted to the conditions of time and place. Where valid reasons of their apostolate call for it, Religious, in conformity with the norms of their Institute, may also dress in a simple and modest manner, with an appropriate symbol, in such a way that their consecration is recognizable. Institutes which from their origin or by provision of their Constitutions do not have a specific habit should ensure that the dress of their members corresponds in dignity and simplicity to the nature of their vocation. Nuns [ edit ] A nun of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration (/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Perpetual_Adoration) in her cloister Traditional Catholic nuns The religious habits of Catholic nuns typically consist of the following elements: Tunic : This is the central piece of the habit. It is a loose dress made of serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) fabric pleated at the neck and draping to the ground. It can be worn pinned up in the front or in the back to allow the nun to work. Scapular (/wiki/Scapular) : This symbolic apron hangs from both front and back; it is worn over the tunic, and Benedictine (/wiki/Benedictine) nuns also wear it over the belt, whereas some other orders wear it tied under the belt. Cincture : The habit is often secured around the waist with a belt of leather, wool or a lanyard. The cincture of the Franciscan orders has three (or four) knots standing for the vows. Coif (/wiki/Coif) : This is the garment's headpiece and includes the white cotton cap secured by a bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) and a white wimple (/wiki/Wimple) (to cover the neck and cheeks) and guimpe (/wiki/Guimpe) (to cover the chest, similar to a short cape) of starched linen, cotton, or (today) polyester. It is sometimes covered by a thin layer of black crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) . Veil (/wiki/Black_veil) : This element is worn pinned over the coif head coverings. Some veils can be worn down to cover the face or up to expose it. The veil sometimes includes a white underveil as well. The colour of the veil depends as well from the habit of the order and the status of the sister or nun (novices or postulants wear differently coloured veils than the professed sisters and nuns). The coif and veil were common items of clothing for married women in medieval Europe. [ citation needed ] Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. Sisters [ edit ] Sisters of the Daughters of Mary in traditional habit Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) sisters in Haiti, wearing the order's traditional white sari with blue stripes This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Historically, the religious habit of Catholic sisters (/wiki/Religious_sister) was a visible sign of a woman's consecration to God. [8] (#cite_note-8) Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. For example, in former times, the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) wore a cornette (/wiki/Cornette) instead of a veil. Due the ecclesiastical document Perfectae caritatis (/wiki/Perfectae_caritatis) , many congregations decided to simplify their habits, to conform to the attire of the culture they are working in, or to even discard their use entirely. While styles vary, for those wearing the traditional habit, three pieces are consistently worn: tunic (robe), belt/cincture, veil. The habit of some Dominican Sisters (/wiki/Dominican_Sisters) consists of a tunic, belt (cincture), scapular, veil, rosary, and on formal occasions a cappa (mantle). [9] (#cite_note-9) Even for orders that have chosen not to wear a habit, these sisters often share a common appearance: calf-length skirt, blouse or sweater, visible cross necklace. Monks [ edit ] Carthusian monks of the Chartreuse de Portes Monks in the Catholic church wear a tunic, a cincture (/wiki/Cincture) , a hooded scapular, and, for the Liturgy of the Hours (/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours) , a mantle (novices) or a cowl (professed monks). [ citation needed ] Friars [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Canons regular [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Owing to the different traditions and origins that exist, there is no singular common habit worn by the Canons Regular (/wiki/Canons_Regular) . Historically the common habit was the distinctive white cassock, with white fascia, over time some communities of Canons have changed to wearing the black cassock with black fascia. The only item of the habit that is common to all Canons is the linen rochet (/wiki/Rochet) a mark of the canonical status. In the Netherlands, some wore a cacullae (a small asymmetrical black cope (/wiki/Cope) of cloth or sheepskin.) Some communities of canons, notably in Austria and Switzerland wear a sarotium, coming from the Latin sacrum rochettum , 'the sacred rochet'. It is a thin band of linen worn over the cassock when not in choir. As part of their choir dress, some communities of Canons wear a mozzetta, either black or purple over the rochet. Outdoors Canons wear a black cloak and hood, but again adaptations have been made to this in some of the communities. Canons also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) . Clergy [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) Usually, secular priests (/wiki/Secular_clergy) wear either a black cassock (/wiki/Cassock) or an ordinary men's garb in black or another dark color along with a white clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) . White cassocks or clothes may be worn in hot climates. Also, a ferraiolo (a kind of cope) could be worn along with the cassock. Priests also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) along with the cassock. Deacons, priests, and bishops belonging to religious institutes (/wiki/Religious_institute) wear the habit of their institute. Abbot or cardinal [ edit ] Main article: Pontifical vestments (/wiki/Pontifical_vestments) Latin Church (/wiki/Latin_Church) clergy other than bishops, in particular any who are abbots (/wiki/Abbot) or apostolic prefects (/wiki/Apostolic_prefect) or ordinary of a personal ordinariate, may wear pontifical items. Mitre, crosier and ring are bestowed on an abbot at his blessing and the pectoral cross is a customary part of an abbatial habit. [ citation needed ] Catholic habits gallery [ edit ] The religious habit of the Carmelite Order (/wiki/Carmelites) is brown and includes the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel) (also known as Brown Scapular) The religious habit of the Hieronymite enclosed monks and nuns (/wiki/Hieronymites) is white and includes a brown scapular The religious habit of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd (/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd) (and also of the Sisters from the Order of Our Lady of Charity) is white, with a white scapular, a black veil and a large silver heart on the breast The religious habit of the Sisters of Mary Reparatrix (/wiki/Sisters_of_Mary_Reparatrix) is white, with a blue scapular, a white and blue veil and a large golden heart on the breast The religious habit of the Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) Order of Friars Minor (/wiki/Friars_Minor) and Friars Minor Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) is usually brown or gray; the habit of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (/wiki/Conventual_Franciscans) and Third Order Regular is black, although the Order of Friars Minor Conventual is returning to the grey habit worldwide The religious habit of the Benedictines (/wiki/Benedictines) is black (the style varies depending upon the monastery) The religious habit of the Carthusians (/wiki/Carthusians) is white. A similar habit is used by the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno (/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno) The religious habit of the Dominicans (/wiki/Dominican_Order) is black and white Cistercians (/wiki/Cistercians) in their religious habit (with the black scapular (/wiki/Scapular) ) The religious habit of the Clarisses (/wiki/Clarisses) (also known as Poor Clares (/wiki/Poor_Clares) ) is brown, with a black veil The religious habit of the Sisters of the Annunciation (/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil The religious habit (based on the Indian sari (/wiki/Sari) ) of the Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) , founded by Mother Teresa of Calcutta (/wiki/Mother_Teresa) The religious habit of the Trinitarian Order (/wiki/Trinitarian_Order) is white with a distinctive cross with a blue horizontal bar and a red vertical bar The religious habit of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament (/wiki/Order_of_the_Incarnate_Word_and_Blessed_Sacrament) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil Oratorians (/wiki/Oratory_of_Jesus) wear roughly the same vestments as parish priests (/wiki/Priest) . The distinctive Oratorian clerical collar consists of white cloth that folds over the collar all around the neck. Sisters belonging to the Daughters of Charity (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) with the cornette which used to be common Religious habit of a Trappist (/wiki/Trappists) monk Religious habit of a Premonstratensian (/wiki/Premonstratensian) canon Pauline (/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit) Pius Przeździecki The Mercedarians (/wiki/Mercedarian_Order) wear white The religious habit of a Minims (/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)) friar; it consists of a black tunic, a scapular with a capuche and a black cincture with four knots (four vows) Lutheranism [ edit ] In Lutheranism (/wiki/Lutheranism) , various religious orders (/wiki/Religious_order) have a habit of a different colour. The Daughters of Mary (/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_(Lutheran)) wear a blue habit. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790-10) Anglicanism [ edit ] Further information: Anglican religious order (/wiki/Anglican_religious_order) Eastern Orthodoxy [ edit ] The Analavos , worn by Orthodox monks and nuns of the Great Schema The Eastern Orthodox Church (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church) does not have distinct religious orders such as those in the Catholic Church. The habit ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Σχήμα , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek) : Schēma ) is essentially the same throughout the world. The normal monastic color is black, symbolic of repentance and simplicity. The habits of monks and nuns are identical; additionally, nuns wear a scarf, called an apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) . The habit is bestowed in degrees, as the monk or nun advances in the spiritual life. There are three degrees: (1) the beginner, known as the Rassaphore ('robe bearer') (2) the intermediate, known as the Stavrophore ('cross bearer'), and (3) the Great Schema worn by Great Schema Monks or Nuns. Only the last, the Schemamonk or Schemanun, the monastic of the highest degree, wears the full habit. The habit is formally bestowed upon monks and nuns at the ceremony known as the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) (Greek κουρά ). The parts of the Eastern Orthodox habit are: Inner Rason ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Έσώρασον , Ζωστικὸν or Ἀντερί , Esórason ; Slavonic (/wiki/Church_Slavonic) : Podryásnik ): The inner rason (/wiki/Cassock#Eastern_practice_.28Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic.29) (cassock) is the innermost garment. It is a long, collared garment coming to the feet, with narrow, tapered sleeves. Unlike the Roman cassock, it is double-breasted. The inner rason is the basic garment and is worn at all times, even when working. It is often given to novices (/wiki/Novice) and seminarians (/wiki/Seminarian) , though this differs from community to community. The inner rason is also worn by chanters (/wiki/Chanter) , readers (/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)) , and the married clergy. For monks and nuns, it symbolizes the vow (/wiki/Religious_vows) of poverty (/wiki/Poverty#Relative_poverty) . Belt (Greek: Ζώνη , Zone ; Slavonic: Poyas ): The belt worn by Orthodox monks and nuns is normally leather, though sometimes it is of cloth. In the Russian tradition, married clergy, as well as the higher monastic clergy, may wear a cloth belt that is finely embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) , especially on feast days (/wiki/Great_Feasts) . The belt is symbolic of the vow of chastity (/wiki/Chastity) . Paramand (Greek: Παραμανδύας , Paramandýas ; Slavonic: Paraman ): The Paramand is a piece of cloth, approximately 5 inches (130 mm) square which is attached by ribbons to a wooden cross. The cloth is embroidered with a cross and the Instruments of the Passion (/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)#Instruments_of_the_Passion) . The wooden cross is worn over the chest, then the ribbons pass over and under the arms, like a yoke (/wiki/Yoke) , and hold the square cloth centered on the back. The paramand is symbolic of the yoke of Christ (Matthew 11:29–30). [11] (#cite_note-11) Outer Rason ( a.k.a. , Greek: εξώρασον, exorason or simply ράσο, raso ; Slavonic: ryasa ): Among the Greeks it is worn by readers and all higher clerics; among the Russians it is worn only by monks, deacons, priests, and bishops. Analavos (Greek: Άνάλαβος; Slavonic: Analav ): The distinctive dress of the Great Schema is the analavos, and it is worn only by Schemamonks and Schemanuns. Traditionally made of either leather or wool, the analavos covers the shoulders, and then comes down in the front and back, forming a cross (see illustration, above right). Polystavrion (Greek: Πολυσταύριον, lit. "many crosses"): The polystavrion is a long cord that has been plaited with numerous crosses forming a yoke that is worn over the analavos to hold it in place. Mantle (Greek: Μανδύας, Mandías ; Slavonic: Mantíya ): The Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(vesture)) is a long, full cape, joined at the neck which the monastic wears over the other parts of the habit. St. Tikhon of Moscow (/wiki/Tikhon_of_Moscow) wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion Kalymafki (a.k.a. Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) , Greek: καλυμαύκι; Slavonic: klobuk): The distinctive headdress (/wiki/Headdress) of Eastern Orthodox monks and nuns is the kalymafki, a stiffened hat, something like a fez (/wiki/Fez_(clothing)) , only black and with straight sides, covered with a veil (/wiki/Veil) . The veil has lappets which hang down on each side of the head and a stylized hood falling down the back. For monastics of the Great Schema, the kalymafki takes a very distinctive shape, known as a koukoulion (/wiki/Cowl) (cowl), and is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The koukoulion is also worn by the Patriarchs of several local churches, regardless of whether or not he has been tonsured to that degree. In the Slavic tradition, the koukoulion will be in the form of a cloth hood, similar to that worn on the Western cowl. Outside church, monastics wear a soft hat known as a Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) . Again, for Schemamonks and Schemanuns it is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The portions of the habit worn by the various degrees of monastics is as follows: Rasophore Stavrophore Great Schema Inner Rason Inner Rason Inner Rason Belt Belt Belt Paramand Paramand Outer Rason Outer Rason Outer Rason Analavos Mantle (Russian use only) Mantle Polystavrion Kalymafki Kalymafki Koukoulion Eastern Orthodox habits gallery [ edit ] Inner Rason worn by Polish Orthodox Church (/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church) cleric Monk at the Mount Athos, 1850s Hinduism [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) In Hinduism, religious clothing is a huge element of an individual’s life. [ citation needed ] Most Hindus are known to wear a religious pendant in their daily life to show their faith in God. Hindu women cover their heads with scarf as a sign of respect for not only religion but also their husbands. [ citation needed ] In India, most devoted Hindus are seen wearing a tilak and orange clothing depicting devotion to their religion. [ citation needed ] Most Hindu Pandits (/wiki/Pandit) are either seen in a white or orange (kesari) religious clothing in India. [ citation needed ] Brahmin Hindus are most known for their devotion to the religion among all Hindus. They are seen wearing religious habits at various important moments in their life. [ citation needed ] Islam [ edit ] See also: Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Islam does not have religious habits or monastic orders. Muslim ascetics do not have particular uniforms, but rather dress in humble clothing appropriate to their era and region. [ citation needed ] Jainism [ edit ] Female ascetics and Śvetāmbara (/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara) male monks always wear un-stitched or minimally stitched white clothes. Digambara (/wiki/Digambara) Jain monks do not wear clothes. A loin cloth which reaches up to the shins is called a Cholapattak. Another cloth to cover the upper part of the body is called Pangarani (Uttariya Vastra). A cloth that passes over the left shoulder and covers the body up to a little above the ankle is called a Kïmli. Kïmli is a woolen shawl. They also carry a woolen bed sheet and a woolen mat to sit on. Those who wear clothes have a muhapati (/wiki/Muhapati) , which is a square or rectangular piece of cloth of a prescribed measurement, either in their hand or tied on their face covering the mouth. Śvetāmbara ascetics have an Ogho or Rajoharan (a broom of woolen threads) to clean insects around their sitting place or while they are walking. Digambara ascetics have a Morpichhi and a Kamandal in their hands. This practice may vary among different sects of Jains but essential principle remains the same to limit needs. Shinto [ edit ] In Japan, various types of very traditional dress are worn by Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) priests, often dating to styles worn by nobles during the Nara period (/wiki/Nara_period) or Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) . Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) ( 袴 ) are a type of traditional Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) , originally worn only by men, but today they are worn by both sexes. There are two types, divided umanori ( 馬乗り , "horse-riding hakama ") and undivided andon bakama ( 行灯袴 , "lantern hakama ") . The umanori type have divided legs, similar to trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , but both types appear similar. Hakama are tied at the waist and fall approximately to the ankles, and are worn over a kimono (/wiki/Kimono) (hakamashita), with the kimono then appearing like a shirt. A Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) ( 浄衣 ) is a garment worn in Japan by people attending religious ceremonies and activities, including Buddhist and Shinto related occasions. Not only Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) and Buddhist priests can be found wearing Jōe at rituals, but laymen as well, for example when participating in pilgrimage such as the Shikoku Pilgrimage (/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage) . The garment is usually white or yellow and is made of linen or silk depending on its kind and use. The Shinto priest who wears the jōe is attired in a peaked cap (/wiki/Cap) called tate-eboshi , an outer tunic called the jōe proper, an outer robe called jōe no sodegukuri no o , an undergarment called hitoe , ballooning trousers called sashinuki or nubakama , and a girdle called jōe no ate-obi . See also [ edit ] Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism (/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism) Religious dress (/wiki/Religious_dress) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390_1-0) Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 90. ^ Jump up to: a b Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 89. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455_3-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , p. 55. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56_4-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , pp. 55–56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESujato2012i_5-0) Sujato 2012 (#CITEREFSujato2012) , p. i. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266_6-0) Mohr & Tsedroen 2010 (#CITEREFMohrTsedroen2010) , p. 266. ^ Jump up to: a b Rinpoche 1999 (#CITEREFRinpoche1999) , p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why do nuns (and monks) wear habits?" (https://aleteia.org/2020/07/09/why-do-nuns-and-others-in-religious-life-wear-habits/) . Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture . 2020-07-09 . Retrieved 2024-02-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Our Religious Habit" (https://houstondominicans.org/our-religious-habit) . Dominican Sisters . Retrieved 2021-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790_10-0) DuBois 2017 (#CITEREFDuBois2017) , p. 90. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Matthew 11:29–30 (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2011:29–30&version=nrsv) Bibliography [ edit ] DuBois, Thomas A. (12 December 2017). Sacred to the Touch: Nordic and Baltic Religious Wood Carving . University of Washington Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74242-7 . Hino, Shoun (2004). Three Mountains and Seven Rivers . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-208-2468-3 . Kieschnick, John (2003). The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture . Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Rinpoche, Dudjom (1999). Perfect Conduct: Ascertaining the Three Vows . Wisdom Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861710836 . Sujato, Bhante (/wiki/Bhante_Sujato) (2012). Sects & Sectarianism: The Origins of Buddhist Schools . Santipada. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781921842085 . Mohr, Thea; Tsedroen, Jampa, eds. (2010). Dignity and Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861715886 . Further reading [ edit ] Dwyer-McNulty, Sally (2014). Common Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4696-1409-0 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Religious habits (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_habits) . New Catholic Dictionary (https://web.archive.org/web/20070107022157/https://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd03798.htm) Images of medieval monks and nuns in the dress of their Orders (http://www.historyfish.net/monastics/monasticorders.html) (Public Domain images and text) Many photographs of nuns and sisters in the dress of their respective orders (http://www.nunsandsisters.com/Photographs.html) Catholic Sisters International Collection, University of Dayton Special Collections (http://digital.udayton.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/nuns) (photographs of reproductions of over 130 religious habits) v t e Consecrated life (/wiki/Consecrated_life) in the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) Types (/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life) Consecrated virgin (/wiki/Consecrated_virgin) Hermit (/wiki/Hermit) Religious institute (/wiki/Religious_institute) Orders (/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)) Monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) Cenobitic (/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism) Chapter 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&oldid=1228977842#Christianity (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&oldid=1228977842#Christianity) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Asceticism (/wiki/Category:Asceticism) Byzantine clothing (/wiki/Category:Byzantine_clothing) Christian clothing (/wiki/Category:Christian_clothing) Eastern Christian vestments (/wiki/Category:Eastern_Christian_vestments) Hesychasm (/wiki/Category:Hesychasm) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) History of clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing) History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Monasticism (/wiki/Category:Monasticism) Religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Religious_clothing) Religious practices (/wiki/Category:Religious_practices) Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) Sacramentals (/wiki/Category:Sacramentals) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles containing Sanskrit-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text) Articles containing Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text) Articles containing Korean-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text) Articles containing Vietnamese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text) Articles containing Latin-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021) Articles to be expanded from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_February_2021) All articles to be expanded (/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded) Articles using small message boxes (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_small_message_boxes) Articles to be expanded from March 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_March_2017) Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022) Articles containing Greek-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text) Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter (/wiki/Category:Instances_of_Lang-el_using_second_unnamed_parameter) Articles containing Church Slavonic-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Church_Slavonic-language_text) Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024) Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers)
Study of clothing's interaction with the human body A woman wearing sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) and boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) , conventionally women's sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , but now worn as casuals (/wiki/Casual_attire) or athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) by women in the West Clothing physiology is a branch of science (/wiki/Science) that studies the interaction between clothing (/wiki/Clothing) and the human body (/wiki/Human_body) , with a particular focus on how clothing affects the physiological and psychological responses of individuals to different environmental conditions. The goal of clothing physiology research is to develop a better understanding of how clothing can be designed to optimize comfort, performance, and protection for individuals in various settings, including outdoor recreation, occupational environments, and medical contexts. Purpose of clothing [ edit ] Human (/wiki/Human) clothing motives are frequently oversimplified in cultural (/wiki/Culture_theory) and sociological theories (/wiki/Social_theory) , with the assumption that they are solely motivated by modesty (/wiki/Modesty) , adornment (/wiki/Adornment) , protection, or sex (/wiki/Sex) . However, clothing is primarily motivated by the environment (/wiki/Biophysical_environment) , with its form being influenced by human characteristics and traits, as well as physical and social factors such as sex relations, costume, caste, class, and religion. Ultimately, clothing must be comfortable in various environmental conditions to support physiological behavior. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The concept of clothing has been aptly characterized as a quasi-physiological system that interacts with the human body. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Quasi-physiological systems [ edit ] Clothing can be considered as a quasi-physiological system that interacts with the body in different ways, just like the distinct physiological systems (/wiki/Biological_system) of the human body, such as digestive system (/wiki/Human_digestive_system) and nervous system (/wiki/Nervous_system) , which can be analyzed systematically. [5] (#cite_note-5) Purpose of clothing physiology [ edit ] A baby (/wiki/Infant) wearing many items of winter (/wiki/Winter) clothing: headband (/wiki/Headband) , cap (/wiki/Cap) , fur-lined coat (/wiki/Coat_(clothing)) , scarf (/wiki/Scarf) , and sweater (/wiki/Sweater) The acceptance and perceived comfort of a garment cannot be attributed solely to its thermal properties. Rather, the sensation of comfort when wearing a garment is associated with various factors, including the fit of the garment, its moisture buffering properties, and the mechanical characteristics of the fibers and fabrics used in its construction. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) The field of clothing physiology concerns the complex interplay between the human body, environmental conditions, and clothing. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Through the use of scientific methods, it is possible to accurately measure and quantify the effects of clothing on wearer comfort and overall well-being. [8] (#cite_note-8) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Louis Newburgh (/wiki/Louis_Harry_Newburgh) is widely recognized among thermal physiologists primarily due to his role as the editor of "Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing". [9] (#cite_note-9) From a physiological perspective, the purpose of clothing is to shield the body from extreme temperatures, whether they be hot or cold. [10] (#cite_note-10) The role of clothing in affecting the wearer's comfort can be described as the connection between the body and the surroundings. When engaged in outdoor activities, the individual's comfort level is influenced by various environmental factors, such as air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, atmospheric and ground thermal radiation. The wearer's posture, metabolic rate (/wiki/Metabolism) , sweating rate (/wiki/Perspiration) , and bodily processes such as moisture absorption, sweat evaporation, and heat loss through conduction and convection via blood, are among additional factors that also play a role in determining the individual's comfort level. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) : 285 Skin physiology [ edit ] The contact between clothing and skin facilitates the regulation of body temperature through the control of blood flow and sweat evaporation in localized areas. However, the design of functional fabrics that efficiently regulate skin temperature must take into account crucial factors such as age, gender, and activity level. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) The skin plays a vital role in safeguarding the body's homeostasis (/wiki/Homeostasis) by performing a variety of crucial protective functions. Clothing and other textiles interact dynamically with the skin's functions, and the mechanical properties of the fabric, such as its surface roughness (/wiki/Hand_feel) , can lead to non-specific skin reactions, such as wool (/wiki/Wool) intolerance or keratosis follicularis (/wiki/Keratosis_pilaris) . [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Thermal comfort and insulation [ edit ] It's common to express metabolic activity (/wiki/Metabolism) in terms of heat (/wiki/Heat) production. A resting adult (/wiki/Adult) typically generates 100 W of heat, with a significant amount dissipating through the skin. Heat production per unit area of skin, referred to as 1 met, is around 58 W/m2 for a resting individual, based on the average male (/wiki/Male) European's skin surface area of approximately 1.8 m2. The average female (/wiki/Female) European's skin surface area is 1.6 m2 for comparison. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) Skin temperatures that correspond to comfort during stationary activities range from 91.4°F to 93.2°F (33°C to 34°C), and these temperatures decrease as the level of physical activity increases. Skin temperature that exceeds 45°C or falls below 18°C induces a sensation of pain (/wiki/Pain) . [13] (#cite_note-:5-13) Internal temperatures increase with activity. The brain's (/wiki/Brain) temperature (/wiki/Temperature) regulatory center is around 36.8°C when at rest and rises to about 37.4°C when walking and 37.9°C when jogging (/wiki/Jogging) . A temperature below 28°C can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia, while a temperature above 43°C can result in permanent brain damage. Thus, it's crucial to regulate body temperature carefully for both comfort (/wiki/Comfort) and health (/wiki/Health) . [13] (#cite_note-:5-13) Clothing insulation can be denoted using the unit of measurement called clo. [13] (#cite_note-:5-13) In the absence of clothing, a thin layer of static air known as the boundary layer forms in close proximity to the skin, acting as an insulating layer that restricts heat exchange between the skin and the surrounding environment. This layer typically offers approximately 0.8 clo units of insulation in a motionless state. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) It's difficult to apply this generalization to very thin fabric layers or underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , as they occupy an existing static air layer of no more than 0.5 cm thickness. Consequently, these thin layers offer minimal contribution to the clothing's intrinsic insulation. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) The standard measure for clothing insulation is 1.57 clo·cm-1 in thickness, which is equivalent to 4 clo·inch-1. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) Applications [ edit ] Enhanced moveability with Elastane (/wiki/Elastane) The advancements in fibers (/wiki/Fiber) , textiles (/wiki/Textile) , electronics (/wiki/Electronics) , functional finishing (/wiki/Chemical_finishing_of_textiles) , and clothing physiology are anticipated to improve human life in numerous areas such as medicine (/wiki/Medicine) , military (/wiki/Military) , firefighting (/wiki/Firefighting) , extreme sports (/wiki/Extreme_sport) , and other apparel applications. [14] (#cite_note-14) The study of clothing physiology has been prompted by the need to design effective clothing systems for various specialized environments such as space (/wiki/Outer_space) , polar regions (/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth) , underwater (/wiki/Underwater_environment) operations, and industrial settings (/wiki/Occupational_hazard) . [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Clothing comfort [ edit ] Comfort is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various perceptions, including physiological, social, and psychological needs. After sustenance, clothing is one of the most vital objects that can satisfy comfort requirements. This is because clothing offers a range of benefits, including aesthetic, tactile, thermal, moisture, and pressure comfort. [15] (#cite_note-15) Protection [ edit ] Drug Enforcement Administration (/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration) (DEA) agents wearing Level B hazmat suits (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) The clothing physiology comfort of an athlete is significantly influenced by the compression effect exerted by their garments. The degree of compression load exerted by the clothing has a direct correlation with the intensity of sweating and the resulting elevation in skin temperature. Specifically, a greater compression load on the body results in a higher degree of sweating and increased skin temperature. [16] (#cite_note-16) Testing [ edit ] A thermal manikin being used to test helmet padding Thermophysiological models have become a prevalent tool for forecasting human physiological reactions in varying environmental and clothing conditions. [17] (#cite_note-17) Clothing physiology can be assessed through the utilization of various advanced instruments, including: Sherlock is a thermal manikin test device developed by the Hohenstein Institutes to evaluate clothing physiology, and it is equipped with perspiration simulation capabilities. [18] (#cite_note-18) SpaceTex experiment [ edit ] In the SpaceTex experiment, novel fabrics were evaluated for their ability to enhance heat transfer and manage sweat during physical activity, based on their antibacterial properties. Quick-drying T-shirts made from such fabrics would be advantageous to athletes, firefighters, miners, and military personnel. This marks the first experiment in clothing physiology conducted in microgravity, with sportswear manufacturers aiming to improve their products accordingly. In fact, a modified polyester has already been developed for use by the Swiss military. [19] (#cite_note-19) Certain precautions [ edit ] The integumentary system is a significant immune organ, possessing both specific and non-specific activities related to immunity. Antimicrobial fabrics (/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)#Special_finishes_for_natural_fibers) could potentially disrupt the skin's non-specific defense mechanisms such as antimicrobial peptides or the resident microflora. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Social psychology of clothing [ edit ] The social psychology of dress entails comprehending the interconnections that exist between attire and human conduct. [20] (#cite_note-20) See also [ edit ] Technical textile (/wiki/Technical_textile) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) Personal protective equipment (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dunlap, Knight (1 January 1928). "The Development and Function of Clothing" (https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1928.9923412) . The Journal of General Psychology . 1 (1): 64–78. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00221309.1928.9923412 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00221309.1928.9923412) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0022-1309 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1309) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) www.technicaltextile.net. "Clothing Physiology and Comfort" (http://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/clothing-physiology-and-comfort-6546) . www.technicaltextile.net . Retrieved 10 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Gilligan, Ian (6 January 2010). "The Prehistoric Development of Clothing: Archaeological Implications of a Thermal Model" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-009-9076-x) . Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory . 17 (1): 15–80. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/s10816-009-9076-x (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10816-009-9076-x) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1072-5369 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1072-5369) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 143004288 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143004288) . ^ Jump up to: a b Budd, G. M. (1 September 1981). "Clothing physiology" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-7112%2881%2990006-0) . Fire Safety Journal . 4 (2): 77–81. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/0379-7112(81)90006-0 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0379-7112%2881%2990006-0) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0379-7112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0379-7112) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Defense Technical Information Center (1 June 1969). DTIC AD0703143: THE COMFORT AND FUNCTION OF CLOTHING . p. 37. ^ Jump up to: a b Holmér, Ingvar (1989). "Recent trends in clothing physiology" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40965610) . Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health . 15 : 58–65. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0355-3140 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0355-3140) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40965610 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40965610) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 2692141 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2692141) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Li, Yan; Wong, A. S. W. (24 April 2006). Clothing Biosensory Engineering . Woodhead Publishing. p. 350. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84569-146-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Clothing Physiology - an overview \| ScienceDirect Topics" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/clothing-physiology) . www.sciencedirect.com . Retrieved 5 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Blatteis, Clark M.; Schneider, Suzanne M. (2022), Blatteis, Clark M.; Taylor, Nigel; Mitchell, Duncan (eds.), "Thermal Physiology in the USA: A 100-Year History of the Science and Its Scientists (1880–1980)" (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2362-6_5) , Thermal Physiology: A Worldwide History , New York, NY: Springer, pp. 239–355, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/978-1-0716-2362-6_5 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-0716-2362-6_5) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-0716-2362-6 , retrieved 5 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cutter, John Clarence (1888). Comprehensive Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene: Adapted for Schools, Academies, Colleges, and Families : with Instruction on the Effects of Stimulants and Narcotics, and Brief Directions for Illustrative Dissections of Mammals, for Elementary Work with the Microscope, for Physiological Demonstrations on the Human Body, and for the Management of Emergent Cases . J.B. Lippincott. p. 39. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wollina, U.; Abdel-Naser, M. B.; Verma, S. (2006). "Skin Physiology and Textiles – Consideration of Basic Interactions" (https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/93926) . Biofunctional Textiles and the Skin . Current Problems in Dermatology. 33 : 1–16. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1159/000093926 (https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000093926) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-8055-8121-1 . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 16766877 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16766877) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-106/pdfs/2016-106.pdf (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-106/pdfs/2016-106.pdf) ^ Jump up to: a b c http://arco-hvac.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ASHRAE-Handbook-2016-HVAC-Systems-and-EquipmentIP.pdf (http://arco-hvac.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ASHRAE-Handbook-2016-HVAC-Systems-and-EquipmentIP.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-14) McLoughlin, John; Sabir, Tasneem (18 September 2017). High-Performance Apparel: Materials, Development, and Applications . Woodhead Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-08-100934-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Improving comfort in clothing . Guowen Song. Oxford: Woodhead Pub. 2011. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85709-064-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 742633027 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/742633027) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Halász, Marianna; Geršak, Jelka; Bakonyi, Péter; Oroszlány, Gabriella; Koleszár, András; Nagyné Szabó, Orsolya (27 December 2021). "Study on the Compression Effect of Clothing on the Physiological Response of the Athlete" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746162) . Materials . 15 (1): 169. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2021Mate...15..169H (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Mate...15..169H) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3390/ma15010169 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma15010169) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1996-1944 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1996-1944) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8746162 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746162) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 35009314 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009314) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Song, Guowen; Wang, Faming (7 December 2018). Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment: Performance, Protection, and Comfort . CRC Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-81640-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Tencel fibres for pillows" (https://www.innovationintextiles.com/testing-standards/) . www.innovationintextiles.com . Retrieved 5 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Johnson, Michael (8 March 2019). "Clothes "Made In Space" (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/b4h-3rd/it-clothes-made-in-space) " (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/b4h-3rd/it-clothes-made-in-space) . NASA . Retrieved 7 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Lennon, Sharron J.; Johnson, Kim P.; Rudd, Nancy A. (2017). Social Psychology of Dress . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781501317491 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781501317491) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781501317491 . 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American journalist Serena Sinclair Lesley Serena Sinclair Lesley Born Serena Dunn Kamper [1] (#cite_note-1) ( 1926-03-29 ) March 29, 1926 Santa Barbara, CA (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) Died January 6, 2016 (2016-01-06) (aged 89) Tualatin, OR (/wiki/Tualatin,_Oregon) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Occupation Journalist Education Wellesley College (/wiki/Wellesley_College) Principia College (/wiki/Principia_College) Subject Travel, fashion, youthquake (/wiki/Youthquake_(movement)) Spouse Kenneth Sinclair Earl Lesley [3] (#cite_note-3) Serena Dunn Lesley (née Kamper; formerly Sinclair; March 29, 1926 – January 6, 2016) was an American journalist who was the longest serving fashion editor (/wiki/Fashion_editor) at the London (/wiki/London) The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Writing under the name Serena Sinclair , Lesley covered travel and fashion at The Telegraph from 1960 to 1984. She broadcast on BBC (/wiki/BBC) radio and television, and wrote for the Christian Science Monitor (/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Lesley was known for her reporting about the revolution referred to as youthquake (/wiki/Youthquake_(movement)) that occurred in fashion beginning in the 1960s [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) and for it received Fashion Writer Of The Year Award in 1970. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Her writing also reflected a new view of the consumer with more emphasis on creating a stylish wardrobe while living on a budget. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Early life and education [ edit ] Serena Dunn Kamper was born in Santa Barbara, California (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) to Margaret (Dunn) and Gustav Kamper [6] (#cite_note-6) and lived there during her childhood. Lesley was raised in the Christian Science (/wiki/Christian_Science) faith. She attended Wellesley College (/wiki/Wellesley_College) in Massachusetts and graduated from Principia College (/wiki/Principia_College) in Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , a private college for Christian Scientists. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Career [ edit ] Early career [ edit ] Kamper began her career at the Santa Barbara News-Press (/wiki/Santa_Barbara_News-Press) as a general reporter. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Fashion editor [ edit ] Lesley was known for her reporting about the revolution referred to as youthquake (/wiki/Youthquake_(movement)) that occurred in fashion beginning in the 1960s and subsequent change back to more "pulled together" attire. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Her writing reflected a new view of the consumer of fashion with more emphasis on the practical aspects of dressing for their changing lifestyles. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Her writing about fashion included reflections about the value of the clothes. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Influenced by Lesley, The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) began selling stylish clothes by mail order for women living on a tight budget. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Awards [ edit ] Lesley received the Fashion Writer Of The Year Award in 1970. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Serena Dunn Lesley Obituary (1926 - 2016) The Oregonian" (https://obits.oregonlive.com/us/obituaries/oregon/name/serena-lesley-obituary?id=21470953) . Legacy.com . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Serena Sinclair, fashion editor - obituary" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12129824/Serena-Sinclair-fashion-editor-obituary.html) . Telegraph.co.uk . 29 January 2016 . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Serena Dunn Lesley Obituary (1926 - 2016) The Oregonian" (https://obits.oregonlive.com/us/obituaries/oregon/name/serena-lesley-obituary?id=21470953) . Legacy.com . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hart, Jeffrey (1 April 1973). "Serena, Nora Report Counter-Revolution" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19730401&id=RPgeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Lo0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2816,13864&hl=en) . Sarasota Journal . Retrieved 3 February 2016 – via googlenews.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson, Tim; Shaw, David (2006). The Fashion Handbook . London and New York: Routledge. p. 166. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0415255790 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Serena Dunn Lesley Obituary (1926 - 2016) The Oregonian" (https://obits.oregonlive.com/us/obituaries/oregon/name/serena-lesley-obituary?id=21470953) . Legacy.com . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . 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South African fashion designer Gert-Johan Coetzee Gert-Johan Coetzee (born 18 November 1987), is a South African fashion artist. His fashion atelier is based in Linden, Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) in Gauteng (/wiki/Gauteng) province. He specialises in couture red carpet gowns, he also designs ready-to-wear range . Coetzee is known for dressing South African (/wiki/South_African_people) and international celebrities at red-carpet events. [1] (#cite_note-NWSD-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Coetzee was born in Koster (/wiki/Koster,_North_West) , North West Province. His love for fashion started at a very early age, and when he was in Grade Two he told his mother that one day he was going to be a famous fashion designer. He attended Koster primary school until Grade Four and then was home-schooled. As a young boy in school he used to dress his pencils up in tissue paper and by the age of sixteen he started studying at the North West School of Design. He graduated from NWSD in 2005. [2] (#cite_note-Early_life_n_bio-2) Career and the Gert-Johan Coetzee label [ edit ] During Coetzee's second year at college (2004) he won the High Fashion Award at the annual Vukani Awards. This is where he was spotted by the television personality Sandy Ngema. [3] (#cite_note-Sandy_Ngema_Bernina-3) He dressed her for the red carpet at the Durban July Handicap (/wiki/Durban_July_Handicap) premier horseracing event that year and also went on to dress her for two seasons as presenter of the SABC3 (/wiki/SABC3) reality TV series Strictly Come Dancing (/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing) . In 2006, at the young age of 19, Coetzee was named South Africa's Most Promising Designer at the Cape Town Fashion festival. [4] (#cite_note-bio_GJC-4) His first commercial venture was as partner in the Diamond Face Couture label with businesswoman Uyanda Mbuli which launched in 2006. [5] (#cite_note-DFC-5) He went on his own in 2010 and launched Gert-Johan Coetzee Pty Ltd at the age of 22. He has since shown his collections at South Africa Fashion week [6] (#cite_note-SAFW-6) as well as showcasing his work at international Fashion Week shows in Canada at Vancouver Fashion Week (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) , Angola and Nigeria. His couture designs are worn at all major fashion events including the Durban July Handicap (/wiki/Durban_July_Handicap) , J&B Met, SA Music Awards, Huisgenoot Skouspel, You Spectacular and Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) . His gowns have been worn by presenters of popular TV shows such as Strictly Come Dancing (/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing) and Top Billing (/wiki/Top_Billing_(TV_show)) . [4] (#cite_note-bio_GJC-4) Just a year into establishing his own label Coetzee achieved a celebrity coup when international TV stars Kourteney Kardashian ( Keeping Up with the Kardashians (/wiki/Keeping_Up_with_the_Kardashians) ). [7] (#cite_note-Kardashian-7) and Kristin Cavallari (/wiki/Kristin_Cavallari) ( The Hills (/wiki/The_Hills_(TV_series)) ) [8] (#cite_note-kirstin_cavallari_in_gjc-8) wore GJC dresses on the Hollywood red carpet. He subsequently also dressed soap opera star Arianna Zucker (/wiki/Arianne_Zucker) ( Days of Our Lives (/wiki/Days_of_Our_Lives) ) in 2012, [9] (#cite_note-410mag.co.za-9) and Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) , (in 2013, at the 40th anniversary of the Ms Foundation for Women in Beverly Hills, in honour of its founder Gloria Steinem (/wiki/Gloria_Steinem) . [10] (#cite_note-kelly_rowland-10) Coetzee has a long list of high-end clients and celebrities including such notable figures as Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) Ambassador Bonang Matheba (/wiki/Bonang_Matheba) , Pabi Moloi, Tamara Dey, Lira, Liezel van der Westhuizen, Cindy Nell, Terry Pheto (/wiki/Terry_Pheto) , Tatum Keshwar (/wiki/Tatum_Keshwar) , Kerry McGregor (/wiki/Kerry_McGregor) , Louise Carver, Doreen Morris as well as several influential women in politics and African royalty. [11] (#cite_note-Gertjohancoetzeecom-11) Coetzee is also the first South African Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) brand ambassador. [12] (#cite_note-swarofski-12) Coetzee is interested in technological advances in fashion and constantly pushes the envelope in his collections. In April 2013 he was the first South African fashion designer to utilise hi-tech 3D-printing technology in his SA Fashion Week Spring Summer 2013 "sea urchin" collection. He collaborated with the Vaal University of Technology (/wiki/Vaal_University_of_Technology) on the technical side, to render and print three-dimensional embellishments to incorporate into the garments. [13] (#cite_note-S/S_2013-13) Then in October 2013, at the next SA Fashion Week, he looked to new technologies again and collaborated with photographer Nicole Phillips to captured his all-pink Autumn Winter 2014 collection with never-before seen in South Africa time-slice fashion photography on an intricate set using 40 cameras firing simultaneously. [14] (#cite_note-timeslice-14) Social condition [ edit ] Coetzee believes in "fashion with a conscience" and is known for using his platform and voice as a celebrity designer in the media to bring attention to social issues, mainly concentrating on women. Coetzee first launched this concept in September 2012 when he met Thando Hopa, a prosecutor with the National Prosecuting Authority, who has albinism (/wiki/Albinism) and whom he convinced to become the face of his new collection. Hopa had never modelled before but her appearance on the catwalk at SA Fashion Week in GJC caused a stir in the fashion industry. [15] (#cite_note-thando-15) In the process GJC and Hopa raised awareness of the plight of people with albinism who still face superstition and discrimination in Africa. The partnership between GJC and Thando Hopa endures and she has since become a spokesperson for people with albinism (/wiki/Albinism) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In April 2013 Coetzee partnered up with Shout, the South African anticrime organisation and dedicated his Spring/Summer 2013 "sea urchin" collection to women victims of violence, in protest against the high levels of violence against women in SA society. Inspired by the protective, dangerous spines of the fragile sea urchin, he created 3D-printed spikes which embellished his garments symbolising armour-like wearable protection for women. [17] (#cite_note-shout-17) Then for his "all pink" Auntumn/Winter 2014 SA Fashion week collection he dedicated it to breast cancer awareness (/wiki/Breast_cancer_awareness) . For this collection, Gert-Johan Coetzee partnered up with the organisation The Pink Drive, which is a mobile organisation that brings breast cancer awareness to the public and testing facilities via trucks with built in equipment. The message he wished to convey through this couture range is "take charge of yourself". [18] (#cite_note-pink_drive-18) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-NWSD_1-0) "Students and Graduates Achievements 2012" (http://www.northwestschoolofdesign.co.za/?pid=student_and_graduates_achievements_2012) . North West School of Design . 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Early_life_n_bio_2-0) "GJC – the entrepreneur-Going professional" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212002158/http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) . gertjohancoetzee.com . Archived from the original (http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) on 12 December 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sandy_Ngema_Bernina_3-0) "Profile of Gert-Johan Coetzee" (http://www.bernina.com/en-ZA/Experience-1/Textile-Artists/Gert-Johan-Coetzee) . bernina.com . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet Gert-Johan Coetzee SA's designer to the stars" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212002158/http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) . Archived from the original (http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) on 12 December 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DFC_5-0) Wadami (2013). "Diamond Face Couture" (http://www.hautefashionafrica.com/2011/04/20/diamond-face-couture/) . hautefashionafrica.com . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-SAFW_6-0) "Gert-Johan Coetzee" (http://www.safashionweek.co.za/?cat=161) . safashionweek.co.za . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kardashian_7-0) "Kourtney Kardashian In South African Designer GERT-JOHAN COETZEE Dress" (http://www.shaddersafrica.com/tag/kourtney-kardashian-in-south-african-designer-gert-johan-coetzee-dress/) . shaddersafrica.com . 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-kirstin_cavallari_in_gjc_8-0) "Spotted: Kristin Cavallari in Gert-Johan Coetzee" (http://www.hautefashionafrica.com/2011/01/17/spotted-kristin-cavallari-in-gert-johan-coetzee/) . hautefashionafrica.com . 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-410mag.co.za_9-0) "Fashion Genius Gert-Johan Coetzee" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140305090304/http://www.410mag.co.za/Fashion%20Genius%20Gert-Johan%20Coetzee.htm) . 410mag.co.za . 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.410mag.co.za/Fashion%20Genius%20Gert-Johan%20Coetzee.htm) on 5 March 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-kelly_rowland_10-0) Buick, Kirstin (2013). "Kelly Rowland wore a Gert-Johan Coetzee dress in Hollywood!" (http://you.co.za/news/kelly-rowland-wore-a-gert-johan-coetzee-dress-in-hollywood/) . you.co.za . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gertjohancoetzeecom_11-0) gertjohancoetzee.com, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-swarofski_12-0) "Swarovski selects first South Africa brand ambassador" (http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/469/103563.html) . bizcommunity.com . 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-S/S_2013_13-0) "SA Fashion Week S/S 2013 [Day 3, Trio 3] Rubicon \| Funduzi by Craig Jacobs \| Gert Johan Coetzee" (http://www.hautefashionafrica.com/2013/04/14/sa-fashion-week-ss-2013-day-3-trio-3-rubicon-funduzi-by-craig-jacobs-gert-johan-coetzee/) . hautefashionafrica.com . 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-timeslice_14-0) "Designer Gert-Johan Coetzee collaborated with photographer Nicole Phillips for a fashion timeslice" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140118014656/http://www.studiof64photography.com/apps/blog/) . Nicole Phillips Studio f/64 Photography - Commercial Photography . 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.studiof64photography.com/apps/blog/) on 18 January 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-thando_15-0) "GJC – the social conscience Fashion activism on the catwalk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212002158/http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) . gertjohancoetzee.com . Archived from the original (http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) on 12 December 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Crawford, Alex (2014). "Albinism: Model Thando Hopa Fights Taboos" (http://news.sky.com/story/1189012/albinism-model-thando-hopa-fights-taboos) . news.sky.com/ . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-shout_17-0) "Gert-Johan Coetzee brings anticrime message to the catwalk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212002158/http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) . gertjohancoetzee.com . Archived from the original (http://www.gertjohancoetzee.com/index.php/about-us-1) on 12 December 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-pink_drive_18-0) "Gert-Johan's heart of pink" (http://you.co.za/news/gert-johans-heart-of-pink/) . you.co.za . 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2014 . 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French former model Victoire Doutreleau (nee Jeanne Devis , born 1934) is a French former model, who worked extensively for Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . Early life [ edit ] Doutreleau was born in 1934. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Career [ edit ] Doutreleau began working for Christian Dior in the early 1950s, aged 18, and he renamed her as Victoire Doutreleau. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) reportedly said that she had "the most beautiful breasts in the world". [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) In 1960, she joined YSL after Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) started his own atelier. [2] (#cite_note-auto1-2) In 2014, she published a memoir, Et Dior Créa Victoire (And Dior Created Victoire). [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Personal life [ edit ] She had a three year relationship with Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) . [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) She was involved with Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) at the same time, a ménage à trois (/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois) , and was "the only woman the designer considered marrying". [3] (#cite_note-3) [2] (#cite_note-auto1-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Guilbault, Laure (29 December 2014). "Q&A With Victoire Doutreleau at 80" (https://wwd.com/eye/people/victoire-doutreleau-at-80-8085481/) . wwd.com . Retrieved 23 April 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Berker, Elsa de (1 August 2018). "YSL Muses Throughout History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210927171812/https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g13987059/ysl-muses-throughout-history/) . CR Fashion Book . Archived from the original (https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g13987059/ysl-muses-throughout-history/) on 27 September 2021 . Retrieved 23 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Samuel, Henry (20 January 2010). "Yves Saint Laurent 'didn't love women, he used them' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/7029671/Yves-Saint-Laurent-didnt-love-women-he-used-them.html) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/7029671/Yves-Saint-Laurent-didnt-love-women-he-used-them.html) . Retrieved 23 April 2019 – via www.telegraph.co.uk. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/444407/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000002326734X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/51807980) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgcXrhHwThvR6KfmkCvpP) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12569637q) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12569637q) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/120631377) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00092476) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/035006374) This French biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoire_Doutreleau&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bbd8l Cached time: 20240712183620 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.228 seconds Real time usage: 0.351 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 516/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16302/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 437/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21538/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.166/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4241534/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 331.136 1 -total 40.58% 134.379 1 Template:Reflist 36.14% 119.658 3 Template:Cite_web 30.22% 100.058 1 Template:Authority_control 17.58% 58.228 1 Template:Short_description 10.48% 34.697 1 Template:France-bio-stub 9.95% 32.942 1 Template:Asbox 9.79% 32.402 2 Template:Pagetype 4.91% 16.260 3 Template:Main_other 4.39% 14.521 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60568082-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712183620 and revision id 1144295172. 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American fashion designer Conner Ives (born 1996) is an American fashion designer. He was raised in Bedford, New York (/wiki/Bedford_(town),_New_York) by a dentist mother and pastor and psychotherapist father. He is a graduate of Central St. Martin's (/wiki/Central_St._Martin%27s) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) While still at CSM he dressed model Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) for the 2021 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) from which he gained the notice of Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) who hired him to help create her first Fenty (/wiki/Fenty_(fashion_house)) collection. [3] (#cite_note-3) He also put out his own first collection while still in school. He is especially known for the t-shirt dresses he was hired by the London fashion boutique Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) to design for them. [4] (#cite_note-4) Ives work is included in the 2021 exhibition "In America: A Lexicon of Fashion" (part one of a two part exhibition) at the Anna Wintour Costume Center (/wiki/Anna_Wintour_Costume_Center) at New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) including a piece from his 2021 collection. In the show he is heralded for his stance on sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) . At the gala opening for the exhibition his design was worn by model Natalia Bryant. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mower, Sarah (July 29, 2019). "Conner Ives—Central Saint Martins Student and Fenty "Intern"—Is Now Selling His Upcycled Clothes" (https://www.vogue.com/article/conner-ives-central-saint-martins-collection) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved September 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Davidson, Emma Elizabeth (August 31, 2021). "Conner Ives' fashion journey has been anything but normal" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/53980/1/conner-ives-new-website-fenty-rihanna-designer-lvmh-prize-met-gala) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Retrieved September 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Yotka, Steff (May 3, 2017). "Meet the 21-Year-Old Designer Who Dressed Model Adwoa Aboah for the Met Gala" (https://www.vogue.com/article/met-gala-2017-adwoa-aboah-conner-ives) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved September 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Theodosi, Natalie (February 13, 2018). "Browns Taps Central Saint Martins Design Student Conner Ives for Range of T-shirt Dresses" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/browns-central-saint-martins-design-student-conner-ives-t-shirt-dresses-1202559469/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved September 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kim, Yerin (September 14, 2021). "Natalia Bryant Couldn't Sit Down at the Met Gala, but That Gorgeous Dress Makes It All Worth It" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/natalia-bryant-connor-ives-dress-met-gala-2021-48504375) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Retrieved September 25, 2021 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐7t7n9 Cached time: 20240706031527 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.130 seconds Real time usage: 0.181 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 412/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10392/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 408/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19559/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.085/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4184816/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 170.375 1 -total 60.00% 102.226 1 Template:Reflist 51.25% 87.317 5 Template:Cite_web 38.33% 65.299 1 Template:Short_description 22.36% 38.104 2 Template:Pagetype 10.05% 17.127 3 Template:Main_other 8.95% 15.256 1 Template:SDcat 1.02% 1.743 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68815461-0!canonical and timestamp 20240706031527 and revision id 1186038681. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conner_Ives&oldid=1186038681 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conner_Ives&oldid=1186038681) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1996 births (/wiki/Category:1996_births) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Alumni of Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Central_Saint_Martins) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
American businesswoman Sophia Amoruso Amoruso in 2014 Born Sophia Christina Amoruso ( 1984-04-20 ) April 20, 1984 (age 40) San Diego (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) , California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Occupation Entrepreneur Spouse Joel DeGraff ( m. 2015; div. 2017) Sophia Christina Amoruso (born April 20, 1984) [1] (#cite_note-1) is an American businesswoman. Amoruso founded Nasty Gal (/wiki/Nasty_Gal) , a women's fashion retailer, which went on to be named one of "the fastest growing companies" by Inc. Magazine (/wiki/Inc._Magazine) in 2012. [2] (#cite_note-fenn-2) In 2016, she was named one of the richest self-made women in the world by Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . [3] (#cite_note-3) However, Nasty Gal filed for bankruptcy. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2017, Amoruso founded Girlboss Media, [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) a company that creates content for women in the millennial generation to progress as people in their personal and professional life. Her 2014 autobiography #GIRLBOSS was adapted into a television series of the same name (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) for Netflix. Early life [ edit ] Amoruso was born In 1984 in San Diego, California at Sharp Memorial Hospital. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) She was an only child. She grew up in the suburbs and wanted to get out of her home because her parents didn't get along. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) She is of Greek (/wiki/Greek_people) , Italian (/wiki/Italian_people) , and Portuguese (/wiki/Portuguese_people) descent. [8] (#cite_note-greek-8) She was raised in the Greek Orthodox (/wiki/Greek_Orthodox) church. [8] (#cite_note-greek-8) After being diagnosed with depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in her adolescence, she dropped out of school and began homeschooling to help cope with these issues. Her first job as a teenager was at a Subway (/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)) restaurant, [9] (#cite_note-9) followed by various odd jobs, including working in a bookstore and a record shop. [10] (#cite_note-10) After high school, her parents divorced and she moved to Sacramento, California (/wiki/Sacramento,_California) [11] (#cite_note-mj-11) to live a more free lifestyle. As a young adult, Amoruso lived a nomadic lifestyle, hitchhiking on the West Coast, dumpster diving, and stealing. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) In 2003, while living in Portland, Oregon (/wiki/Portland,_Oregon) , she stopped stealing after being caught shoplifting. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) She left Portland and relocated to San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) , shortly after she discovered she had a hernia (/wiki/Hernia) in her groin. To get the health insurance for surgery, she worked in the Academy of Art University lobby checking student IDs. [11] (#cite_note-mj-11) [13] (#cite_note-13) Career [ edit ] eBay store [ edit ] At age 22 while working as a security guard at San Francisco's Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Amoruso opened an online eBay (/wiki/EBay) store, which she called Nasty Gal Vintage, named after the 1975 album by funk singer and style icon Betty Davis (/wiki/Betty_Davis) . [11] (#cite_note-mj-11) [15] (#cite_note-perlroth-15) The store consisted of used vintage clothing and other items. The first item she sold was a book she had stolen as a teenager. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) She styled, photographed, captioned, and shipped the products herself using what she was taught in a photography class. [15] (#cite_note-perlroth-15) Amoruso began her business working out of her bedroom. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2006, her eBay store Nasty Gal Vintage grew considerably, turning into a 1 million dollar yearly revenue business after 6 years and continuing to grow. [17] (#cite_note-:1-17) Amoruso claims to have been banned from eBay in 2008 for posting hyperlinks (/wiki/Hyperlink) in feedback to customers. Following this, she launched Nasty Gal (/wiki/Nasty_Gal) as its own retail website, [18] (#cite_note-18) continuing to grow the business as a stand-alone online store. She has previously stated that she left voluntarily because of the rules preventing sellers from leaving negative feedback for customers. [19] (#cite_note-19) Amoruso was also accused of artificially inflating bids, which she has denied. [20] (#cite_note-20) Nasty Gal [ edit ] Nasty Gal developed an online following of young women on social media (/wiki/Social_media) . It quickly grew with revenues increasing from $223,000 in 2008 to almost $23 million in 2011. [2] (#cite_note-fenn-2) At the peak of Nasty Gal, it was pulling in 100 million in annual sales, with over 200 employees. [21] (#cite_note-observer.com-21) The New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) has called her "a Cinderella of tech". [15] (#cite_note-perlroth-15) In 2013, Inc. Magazine named her to its 30 under 30 list. [22] (#cite_note-22) Also, in 2013, Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) named Sophia Amoruso one of the sexiest CEOs alive. [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2014, Amoruso's autobiography #GIRLBOSS was published by Portfolio, a Penguin (/wiki/Penguin_Group) imprint that specializes in books about business. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2016, it was announced that Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) would be adapting her autobiography into a television series called Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) . [26] (#cite_note-26) Amoruso confirms most of the show was accurate to her life. It was cancelled after one season, as it got a sour response from viewers, saying it was a call to millennial narcissists. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In an interview with Dan Schawbel of Forbes , Amoruso admitted that she was unprepared for the demands of being a CEO, having had no previous leadership experience, and advised that people seeking to launch a business first gain managerial experience at established companies. [29] (#cite_note-29) On January 12, 2015, Amoruso announced she was stepping down as CEO of Nasty Gal, knowing the company could not continue under the current leadership. [30] (#cite_note-30) In November 2016, the company was reported to be filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) , with Amoruso resigning as executive chairwoman. [31] (#cite_note-31) The reason for this bankruptcy can be pointed to leadership changes, a "toxic work culture", and poor communication, among other faults. [32] (#cite_note-32) February 2017, Boohoo Group (/wiki/Boohoo_Group) purchased Nasty Gal for $20 million, with Nasty Gal remaining in Los Angeles and continuing to produce apparel, shoes, and accessories under its own brand. [33] (#cite_note-33) Girlboss Media [ edit ] In December 2017, Amoruso founded Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss) Media(#girlboss), a company that creates editorial content, videos, and podcasts aimed at a female audience. [34] (#cite_note-34) Since 2017, Amoruso has held Girlboss Rallies, which are weekend-long instructional events for young entrepreneurs for around $500-$1400. [35] (#cite_note-35) Filmography [ edit ] Television and film roles Year Title Role Notes 2012 House of Style (/wiki/House_of_Style) Herself 2 episodes 2015 Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) Herself / Guest Judge Episode: "Some Like It Hot Dog" 2015 Pop Culture Underground Herself Episode: "Style" Other credits Year Title Role Notes 2017 Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) Executive producer and writer 13 episodes; Based upon the book #Girlboss Bibliography [ edit ] Amoruso, Sophia (2014). Girlboss . Penguin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780241217931 . Amoruso, Sophia (2016). Nasty Galaxy . Penguin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780241290507 . Amoruso also has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss (/wiki/Tim_Ferriss) ' book Tools of Titans (/wiki/Tools_of_Titans) . [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sophia Christina Amoruso" (http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/sophia_christina_amoruso_born_1984_16164751) . California Birth Index . Retrieved September 11, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fenn, Donna. "Unselfconsciously Sexy Style" (http://www.inc.com/30under30/donna-fenn/nasty-gal-sophia-amoruso-2013.html) . Inc. Magazine . Retrieved December 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) O'Connor, Clare (June 1, 2016). "Nasty Gal's Sophia Amoruso Hits Richest Self-Made Women List With $280 Million Fortune" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2016/06/01/nasty-gal-sophia-amoruso-richest-women-net-worth/#7684777044e1) . Forbes . Retrieved September 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) O'Connor, Clare. "As Nasty Gal Files Bankruptcy, Founder Sophia Amoruso's Fortune Decimated" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2016/11/11/as-nasty-gal-files-bankruptcy-founder-sophia-amorusos-fortune-decimated/#43ed54a96da8) . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-08-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Johnson, Eric (2018-03-02). "What did Nasty Gal founder Sophia Amoruso learn from failure?" (https://www.vox.com/2018/3/2/17069550/sophia-amoruso-girlboss-nasty-gal-entrepreneurship-kara-swisher-lauren-goode-too-embarrassed-podcast) . Vox . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Segran, Elizabeth (2019-12-17). "Exclusive: Sophia Amoruso is selling Girlboss to a holding startup that wants to fix media" (https://www.fastcompany.com/90443544/exclusive-sophia-amoruso-sells-girlboss-to-a-media-startup-with-aims-to-be-the-next-conde-nast) . Fast Company . Retrieved 2021-02-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b NastyGal Founder: I Was A Stripper! A Shoplifter! Then Built A $400m Business! Sophia Amoruso \| E239 , retrieved 2023-07-21 ^ Jump up to: a b Pappas, Gregory (May 7, 2014). "The Greek in Nasty Gal's Sophia Amoruso Deconstructed" (http://www.pappaspost.com/greek-nasty-gals-sophia-amoruso-deconstructed/) . Pappas Post . Retrieved September 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Barret, Victoria (June 29, 2012). "Styling Tips With Nasty Gal's Sophia Amoruso" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/victoriabarret/2012/06/29/styling-tips-with-nasty-gals-sophia-amoruso/#2bcc1752c468) . Forbes . Retrieved September 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Sophia Amoruso Discusses Her Book, "Nasty Galaxy" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djgJH3oYIoE) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djgJH3oYIoE) . America Online . BUILD. October 15, 2016 . Retrieved October 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Morning Joe Staff (May 28, 2014). "Sophia Amoruso is taking your questions" (http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/excerpt-sophia-amorusos-girlboss) . MSBC . Retrieved October 15, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Amoruso, Sophia (2014). #GIRLBOSS . New York: the Penguin Group. pp. 3 (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780399169274/page/3) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-399-16927-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Duffty, Keanan. "The #GIRLBOSS of Nasty Gal" (http://www.fashionschooldaily.com/index.php/2014/07/07/the-girlboss-of-nasty-gal/) . Fashion School Daily . Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) . Retrieved 17 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Duffty, Keanan. "Cool Boutiques" (http://www.somamagazine.com/cool-boutiques/) . SOMA Magazine . Retrieved 23 April 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Perlroth, Nicole (25 March 2013). "Naughty in Name Only" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/technology/nasty-gal-an-online-start-up-is-a-fast-growing-retailer.html?_r=0) . The New York Times . Retrieved December 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "A Conversation With Sophia Amoruso, the 'Girlboss' Founder of Nasty Gal" (https://observer.com/2018/10/sophia-amoruso-girlboss-nasty-gal/) . Observer . 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2024-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_17-0) "Sophia Amoruso, L.A.'s millennial 'Girlboss,' is busy with her second act" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-sophia-amoruso-girlboss-media-nasty-gal-business-millennial-20190703-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 2019-07-03 . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Barrett, Victoria (June 28, 2012). "Nasty Gal's Sophia Amoruso: Fashion's New Phenom" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/victoriabarret/2012/06/28/nasty-gals-sophia-amoruso-fashions-new-phenom/2/) . Forbes . Retrieved December 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Steiner, Ina. "Nasty Gal Vintage Leaves eBay and Thrives" (http://www.ecommercebytes.com/C/letters/blog.pl?/pl/2010/9/1284333843.html) . www.ecommercebytes.com . Retrieved 2017-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Barret, Victoria. "Nasty Gal's Sophia Amoruso: Fashion's New Phenom" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/victoriabarret/2012/06/28/nasty-gals-sophia-amoruso-fashions-new-phenom/2/#6fa3d13d4172) . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-observer.com_21-0) "A Conversation With Sophia Amoruso, the 'Girlboss' Founder of Nasty Gal" (https://observer.com/2018/10/sophia-amoruso-girlboss-nasty-gal/) . Observer . 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Meet the 30 Under 30, Class of 2013" (http://www.inc.com/ss/donna-fenn/30-under-30-meet-the-winners-2013#1) . Inc. Magazine . Retrieved December 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Meet The Sexiest CEOs Alive! - Business Insider (archived version)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101736/https://www.businessinsider.com/collection/meet-the-sexiest-ceos-alive) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Archived from the original (https://www.businessinsider.com/collection/meet-the-sexiest-ceos-alive) on 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 2022-04-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Amoruso, Sophia (6 May 2014). #GIRLBOSS . Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-399-16927-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Jacobs, Alexandra (January 11, 2015). "Who Will Be America's Next Top Mentor?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/style/who-will-be-americas-next-top-mentor.html) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Kroll, Justin (2016-02-05). "Netflix Orders Sophia Amoruso's '#Girlboss' to Series (EXCLUSIVE)" (https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/netflixs-girlboss-series-sophia-amoruso-1201697580/) . Variety . Retrieved 2017-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "As CEO of Nasty Gal, Sophia Amoruso Failed Spectacularly. Now She's Turning Failure Into A Movement" (http://money.com/money/longform/sophia-amoruso-girlboss-interview/) . Money . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) " (https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/girlboss-canceled-netflix-1202477802/) 'Girlboss' Canceled After One Season at Netflix" (https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/girlboss-canceled-netflix-1202477802/) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Work For A Company Then Become An Entrepreneur" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2015/09/29/sophia-amoruso-work-for-a-company-then-become-an-entrepreneur/) . Forbes . September 29, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Del Rey, Jason; Swisher, Kara (/wiki/Kara_Swisher) (January 12, 2015). "Nasty Gal Founder Sophia Amoruso Steps Down As CEO" (http://recode.net/2015/01/12/nasty-gal-founder-sophia-amoruso-steps-down-as-ceo-of-fashion-retailer) . Re/code . Retrieved February 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Swisher, Kara (November 9, 2016). "Nasty Gal is expected to file for bankruptcy" (http://www.recode.net/2016/11/9/13578718/nasty-gal-is-expected-to-file-for-bankruptcy) . Re/code . Retrieved November 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Chaney, Sarah (24 February 2017). "How Nasty Gal Went From an $85 Million Company to Bankruptcy" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-nasty-gal-went-from-an-85-million-company-to-bankruptcy-1487932201) . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Marfil, Lorelei (2017-02-28). "Nasty Gal to Remain in Los Angeles, According to New Owners Boohoo Group" (http://wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/nasty-gal-los-angeles-new-owners-boohoo-group-10824020/) . WWD . Retrieved 2017-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Hamanaka, Kari (5 March 2017). "Sophia Amoruso Gears up for Take Two with Girlboss Media" (http://wwd.com/business-news/media/sophia-amoruso-launches-girlboss-media-with-inaugural-girlboss-rally-10834437/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 4 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Bahler, Kristen (March 2019). "The #GirlBoss REvolution". Money magazine . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sophia Amoruso (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sophia_Amoruso) . Girlboss Media official website (https://girlboss.com) Nasty Gal official website (http://www.nastygal.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000447736453) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/315523996) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmpbbXTG6rD64rv7XTGpP) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17010031m) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17010031m) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1069125393) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014014767) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001203917) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0267741&CON_LNG=ENG) Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201517703) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p396185835) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649759505606) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/191714755) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐qlzc2 Cached time: 20240720165514 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.632 seconds Real time usage: 0.775 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3863/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 78490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4470/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 17/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 141079/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.432/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8900340/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 720.336 1 -total 28.15% 202.764 1 Template:Reflist 27.79% 200.159 1 Template:Infobox_person 13.47% 97.030 4 Template:Cite_book 13.37% 96.324 1 Template:Authority_control 12.04% 86.704 19 Template:Cite_web 9.96% 71.766 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 9.69% 69.799 13 Template:Cite_news 7.98% 57.475 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.62% 54.870 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41414319-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165514 and revision id 1208139604. 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Olja Luetić Born ( 1991-02-19 ) 19 February 1991 (age 33) Makarska (/wiki/Makarska) , SR Croatia (/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia) , SFR Yugoslavia (/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia) Nationality Croatian Education Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/University_of_Sarajevo) , Sarajevo (/wiki/Sarajevo) Label Olya Sookie Website oljaluetic.com (http://oljaluetic.com) Olja Luetić (born 19 February 1991), is a Croatian (/wiki/Croatia) product designer (/wiki/Product_designer) and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography [ edit ] Early life and education [ edit ] Luetić was born in Makarska, Croatia (/wiki/Makarska) . From her earliest age, she knew she wanted to design, so she chose Fine Arts High School in Split (/wiki/Split,_Croatia) , studying industrial design (/wiki/Industrial_design) . She graduated high school in 2009., her project being Papillon Discothèque — which won second prize at National exhibition of graduate projects in design: IDIVA 2009. [1] (#cite_note-1) This gave her a chance to exhibit her work at the International fair of innovation, new ideas, products and technologies — ARCA 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) Luetić graduated in product design (/wiki/Product_design) from Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/University_of_Sarajevo) in Sarajevo (/wiki/Sarajevo) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Over the years she worked on different projects, ranging from industrial design to its total opposite; unique design. One of her projects was part of a collaboration between the Japanese Embassy and the academy, which resulted in Luetić's "Sookie Doll" being exhibited in Japan (/wiki/Japan) in 2013. Projects [ edit ] Her current work is mostly ceramics, lighting fixtures and coffee tables. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She is also developing her own fashion brand "Nephilim". [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Her first fashion show was at BAFE (Balkan Art Fashion Event) in Belgrade (/wiki/Belgrade) , December 2015. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In April 2016. Luetić participated at the Designer Fair in Zadar (/wiki/Zadar) , (a part of Culture Rhythm) where she showed her works in ceramics (/wiki/Ceramic) , lamps (/wiki/Light_fixture) and coffee tables (/wiki/Coffee_table) . In December 2016 she also showed her clothing line at the ReDesign Me show, hosted by Circular de la Mode in Zagreb (/wiki/Zagreb) . All of her work reflects her minimalistic aesthetics. The colour palette is uninformed throughout her work, and the shapes morph from strictly geometrical motifs in fashion to gentle, organic motifs in products. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Graditeljska škola Čakovec - Novosti - IDIVA 2009" (http://ss-graditeljska-ck.skole.hr/?news_hk=1&news_id=116&mshow=290) . ss-graditeljska-ck.skole.hr . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Udruga inovatora Hrvatske : 3. Nacionalna izložba maturalnih radova u području dizajna - "IDIVA 2009." (https://www.inovatorstvo.com/3-nacionalna-izlozba-maturalnih-radova-u-podrucju-dizajna-idiva-2009/a253) " (https://www.inovatorstvo.com/3-nacionalna-izlozba-maturalnih-radova-u-podrucju-dizajna-idiva-2009/a253) . www.inovatorstvo.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "An article about student life \| Srednja.hr" (http://srednja.hr/Novosti/Kreativni-Nered/Sarajevska-studentska-prica-Cevapi-zima-i-besplatan-faks) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Interview" (http://www.makarska-post.com/index.php/olja-luetic-produkt-dizajn-je-moj-poziv-a-mogucnosti-odreduju-mjesto/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Radovi studenata Odsjeka produkt dizajn na predmetu Unikatno oblikovanje III izloženi u galeriji Shimadai u Kyotu" (http://www.alu.unsa.ba/content/radovi-studenata-odsjeka-produkt-dizajn-na-predmetu-unikatno-oblikovanje-iii-izlozeni-u-gale) . Akademija likovnih umjetnosti Sarajevo . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Olya Sookie presented its avant-garde collection" (http://www.makarska-post.com/index.php/makarska-dizajnerica-olya-sookie-predstavila-svoju-avangardnu-kolekciju/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nephilim: Mlada dizajnerica Olya Sookie predstavila avangardnu kolekciju haljina" (http://fbl.ba/nephilim-mlada-dizajnerica-olya-sookie-predstavila-avangardnu-kolekciju-haljina/) . 7 December 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Vrijeme je za renesansu hrvatske modne scene" (https://ezadar.rtl.hr/lifestyle/2640717/vrijeme-je-za-renesansu-hrvatske-modne-scene/) . ezadar.rtl.hr . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Ovo su kreacije domaćih dizajnera koje bismo voljeli imati" (https://www.tportal.hr/lifestyle/clanak/ovo-su-kreacije-domacih-dizajnera-koje-bismo-voljeli-imati-20170224) . tportal.hr . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Croatian article about the "new" modern era of Croatia, representing Olya Sookie's new collection (http://showbizz.20minuta.hr/vrijeme-je-za-renesansu-hrvatske-modne-scene/) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lookbook hrvatskih dizajnera 2017" (http://www.moda.hr/Lookbook-hrvatskih-dizajnera-2017-12025.aspx) . Moda.hr . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Brekalo, Mateja (1 February 2016). "Olya Sookie" (https://ritamkulturizma.com/2016/02/01/olya-sookie/) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) An article on Croatian portal about the value of the new Olya Sookie's collection (http://kronika.hr/web/oljine-odjevne-kombinacije-od-plastike-unikat-na-trzistu/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐5rxgp Cached time: 20240623210410 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.288 seconds Real time usage: 0.535 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1884/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19835/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1391/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41224/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5707940/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 349.779 1 -total 45.93% 160.658 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 38.87% 135.942 1 Template:Reflist 32.60% 114.026 11 Template:Cite_web 17.37% 60.749 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 14.05% 49.159 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 8.63% 30.175 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.13% 24.922 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.86% 17.004 1 Template:Authority_control 4.73% 16.552 16 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53496713-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623210410 and revision id 1213254985. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olja_Luetić&oldid=1213254985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olja_Luetić&oldid=1213254985) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1991 births (/wiki/Category:1991_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Makarska (/wiki/Category:People_from_Makarska) Croatian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Croatian_women_fashion_designers) Clothing brands of Croatia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Croatia) Textile industry of Croatia (/wiki/Category:Textile_industry_of_Croatia) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from September 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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American YouTuber (born 1992) Erika Costell Personal information Born Erika Michaelanne Costell ( 1992-11-12 ) November 12, 1992 (age 31) Toledo, Ohio (/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio) , U.S. Education Middle Tennessee State University (/wiki/Middle_Tennessee_State_University) (no degree) YouTube information Channel Erika Costell (https://www.youtube.com/user/P6UK) Years active 2008–present Genres Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) fashion Subscribers 4.28 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsErika_Costell-1) Total views 157 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsErika_Costell-1) Creator Awards (/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards) 100,000 subscribers 1,000,000 subscribers Last updated: September 2, 2021 Erika Michaelanne Costell (born November 12, 1992) [2] (#cite_note-2) is an American Internet personality. [3] (#cite_note-3) Costell’s career began when she became associated with Team 10, an influencer (/wiki/Influencer) marketing management agency. After dating YouTuber Jake Paul (/wiki/Jake_Paul) and featuring in his videos, Costell started her own YouTube channel (/wiki/YouTube_channel) , which increased her popularity. Early life and education [ edit ] Costell was born in Toledo, Ohio (/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio) , but she was raised in Bedford Township, Monroe County, Michigan (/wiki/Bedford_Township,_Monroe_County,_Michigan) , growing up with 12 siblings. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) At the age of 16, she began modeling while attending high school at Bedford High School in Michigan. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) She was previously represented by Wilhelmina International (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) and the DAN Talent Group. After completing high school in 2011, she attended Middle Tennessee State University (/wiki/Middle_Tennessee_State_University) . She majored in business administration and left the university before her final semester in order to pursue modeling in Los Angeles. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Career [ edit ] This Career is missing information about She started Akire, a clothing brand. Please expand the Career to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Erika_Costell) . ( January 2022 ) In 2015, Costell became the first employee of Jake Paul (/wiki/Jake_Paul) 's Team 10 on the business side as his assistant and later went on to be the COO Chief Operations Officer (/wiki/Chief_Operations_Officer) . In 2017, she began a YouTube channel where she regularly posts vlogs (/wiki/Vlogs) , reaction videos (/wiki/Reaction_video) and music videos (/wiki/Music_video) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [ citation needed ] Following her 2018 breakup with Paul, she left Team 10 to pursue her own independent career, and signed with The Orchard (/wiki/The_Orchard_(company)) for music. In 2017, her single "Jerika" with Paul was featured on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) and the Canadian Hot 100 (/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2020, Costell started a record label named BIA Entertainment, which she describes as "a music label by women, for women." [7] (#cite_note-7) Discography [ edit ] Extended plays [ edit ] Don't Worry (2019) [8] (#cite_note-8) Singles [ edit ] As lead artist [ edit ] List of singles as a lead artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name Title Year Peak chart positions Album US (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) [9] (#cite_note-BB100-9) CAN (/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100) [10] (#cite_note-CAN-100-10) "Jerika" [11] (#cite_note-11) (with Jake Paul (/wiki/Jake_Paul) featuring Uncle Kade) 2017 86 76 Non-album singles "Chitty Bang" [12] (#cite_note-12) ( featuring Jake Paul) 2018 — — "Not Her" — — "Karma" [13] (#cite_note-13) — — "Dynamite" — — "Queen" 2019 — — "Thots Not Feelings" — — "Second" — — Non-album single "Don't Worry" — — "Don't Worry" "Conscience" — — "No Roof" 2020 — — Non-album single Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Category Result Ref(s) 2018 Teen Choice Awards (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) Music Web Star Won [14] (#cite_note-14) See also [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Music portal (/wiki/Portal:Music) List of YouTubers (/wiki/List_of_YouTubers) References [ edit ] ^ a b "About Erika Costell" (https://www.youtube.com/user/P6UK/about) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) ET, Jake (July 9, 2017). "Draw My Life : Erika Costell" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0hRGMO2ZHo) . youtube.com . Retrieved October 17, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Collar, Matt (n.d.). "Erika Costell" (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/erika-costell-mn0003751767/biography) . AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) . Retrieved May 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_4-0) "Erika Costell Pretends to Be Youtuber Jake Paul's Girlfriend and It's Really Working out for Her" (https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/who-is-jake-paul-girlfriend-erika-costell-154056) . Life & Style . February 15, 2018 . Retrieved June 5, 2018 . ^ a b c Carter, Brooke (October 3, 2017). "Erika Costell Net Worth 2018 - How Much the Model/Influencer Makes - Gazette Review" (https://gazettereview.com/2017/10/erika-costell-net-worth-wealthy-model/) . Gazette Review . Retrieved June 5, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sohail, Insa (April 21, 2019). "Erika Costell Partners Up with Victoria's Secret Again" (https://dankanator.com/18199/erika-costell-partners-up-victorias-secret-again/) . Dankanator . Retrieved April 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKgTSYo8Z2s) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Don't Worry – EP by Erika Costell" (https://music.apple.com/us/album/dont-worry-ep/1477401841) . Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) . Retrieved September 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-BB100_9-0) "Jake Paul – Chart History Billboard Hot 100" (https://www.billboard.com/artist/jake-paul/chart-history/hsi/) . Billboard . Retrieved November 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-CAN-100_10-0) "Jake Paul – Chart History: Canadian Hot 100" (https://www.billboard.com/artist/jake-paul/chart-history/can/) . Billboard . Retrieved November 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Jerika (feat. Uncle Kade) – Single by Jake Paul & Erika Costell" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180131210004/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/jerika-feat-uncle-kade-single/1257318824) . iTunes Store (US) . Archived from the original (https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/jerika-feat-uncle-kade-single/1257318824) on January 31, 2018 . Retrieved November 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Chitty Bang (feat. Jake Paul) - Single by Erika Costell" (https://music.apple.com/us/album/chitty-bang-feat-jake-paul-single/1385674863) . Apple Music . May 18, 2018 . Retrieved November 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Karma – Single by Erika Costell on Apple Music" (https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/karma-single/1440545626) . Apple Music . November 2, 2018 . Retrieved November 7, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hay, Carla (June 22, 2018). "2018 Teen Choice Awards: Selena Gomez, Cardi B among top music contenders in second wave of nominations" (https://www.axs.com/2018-teen-choice-awards-selena-gomez-cardi-b-among-top-music-contender-131292) . AXS . Retrieved June 23, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Erika Costell's channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrCkLipGria4UloMpvNil5g) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_channel_(identifier)) Erika Costell (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9874957/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐95snm Cached time: 20240714225912 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.419 seconds Real time usage: 0.564 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2609/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40724/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3753/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58878/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8088053/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 527.993 1 -total 46.62% 246.133 1 Template:Infobox_YouTube_personality 45.36% 239.485 1 Template:Infobox 18.18% 96.010 7 Template:Cite_web 17.85% 94.263 5 Template:Br_separated_entries 12.20% 64.422 1 Template:Reflist 11.18% 59.009 1 Template:Short_description 8.27% 43.665 1 Template:Missing_information 7.78% 41.060 1 Template:Ambox 6.69% 35.348 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57595392-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714225912 and revision id 1210878969. 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Hairstyle Jerry Only (/wiki/Jerry_Only) sporting a Devilock in concert. The devilock is a hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) created by Misfits (/wiki/Misfits_(band)) bassist Jerry Only (/wiki/Jerry_Only) in the late 1970s. [1] (#cite_note-1) In an early 1980s interview, Jerry Only claimed that the devilock was based on a "tidal wave" hairstyle seen among the 1970s skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) communities. In the same interview, former Misfits vocalist Glenn Danzig (/wiki/Glenn_Danzig) explains that his version of the hairstyle developed from an imitation of Eddie Munster (/wiki/Eddie_Munster) 's hairstyle. A style similar to the Devilock was sported earlier - for instance the elephant trunk hairstyle of the 1950s, the Surfari's cover picture of 'Gum-dipped Slicks' (1964) shows a member of the band with a devilock-like quiff, [2] (#cite_note-2) as did the guitarist from the contemporaneous Tornadoes of Bustin' Surfboards fame. [3] (#cite_note-3) In a devilock, the sides and back of the hair are kept short, while the front is kept long and combed forward. [4] (#cite_note-4) In the late 1990s, the devilock experienced a resurgence of popularity in Asian markets that saw the hairstyle spread from punk rock to mainstream culture. Following popularization in Japanese and Chinese rock groups, the hairstyle's name was appropriated by Noriaki Endo in his chain of retail clothing stores. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The "Devilock" brand currently sponsors music events called "Devilock Nights" throughout Southeast Asia. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hair Designing: A Complete Course . Global Media. 2007. p. 97. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-89940-59-1 . Retrieved 2009-12-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Original Surfaris" (https://sundazed.com/c/365-Original-Surfaris-The.aspx) . sundazed.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Yesterday" (http://www.tornadoesband.com/yesterday.htm) . www.tornadoesband.com . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wallace, Amy; Manitoba, Richard (2007). The Official Punk Rock Book of Lists . Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 131. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87930-919-0 . Retrieved 2009-12-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Noriaki Endo (October 30, 2009). "Feature Interview With Endo – DEVILOCK" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091101151708/http://www.plussixfive.com/2009/10/30/feature-interview-with-endo-devilock/) (Interview). Interviewed by Jeremy Goh. Archived from the original (http://www.plussixfive.com/2009/10/30/feature-interview-with-endo-devilock/) on November 1, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Noriaki Endo (March 23, 2006). Poe (ed.). "Freshness Feature: Noriaki Endo – Devilock Founder" (http://www.freshnessmag.com/2006/03/23/interview-with-noriaki-endo-founder-of-devilock/) (Interview). Interviewed by Thomas Bradley; Debre. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "History of Devilock" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130101080119/http://devilock.com/english/history/) . Archived from the original (http://www.devilock.com/english/history/) on January 1, 2013. External links [ edit ] Media related to Devilock (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Devilock) at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of devilock at Wiktionary v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s 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Popover is a type of dress originally designed by Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) in 1942. [1] (#cite_note-1) The outfit type became the basis for a variety of wrap-around dresses (/wiki/Wrap_dress) . [2] (#cite_note-2) A versatile wrap dress, it could be used as a bathing suit (/wiki/Bathing_suit) cover-up, house dress (/wiki/House_dress) , dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) , or party dress (/wiki/Party_dress) . [3] (#cite_note-met-3) It is iconic of the American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) and could be worn to entertain, to a party, or to cover up a swimsuit. [3] (#cite_note-met-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Pop-over" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/84029) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009). The great fashion designers (English ed.). Oxford: Berg Publishers. p. 93 (https://archive.org/details/greatfashiondesi0000pola/page/93) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780857851758 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Claire McCardell: "Popover" dress (C.I.45.71.2ab) \| Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History" The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 14 Nov 2009. Further reading [ edit ] Works of art (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.45.71.2ab) MET Museum for an example of the dress. The 1940s (https://books.google.com/books?id=G4IkgU7jpLwC&pg=PA88) by Robert Sickels pages 88, 238 The Little Black Dress and Zoot Suits (https://archive.org/details/littleblackdress0000behn/page/45) : Depression and Wartime Fashions by Alison Behnke pages 45, 54 v t e American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) 20th century sportswear designers Adri (/wiki/Adrienne_Steckling-Coen) Bill Atkinson (/wiki/Bill_Atkinson_(designer)) Louella Ballerino (/wiki/Louella_Ballerino) Jhane Barnes (/wiki/Jhane_Barnes) Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) Tom Brigance (/wiki/Tom_Brigance) Donald Brooks (/wiki/Donald_Brooks) Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) Jeanne Campbell (/wiki/Jeanne_S._Campbell) Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) Muriel King (/wiki/Muriel_King) Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Tina Leser (/wiki/Tina_Leser) Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) Clovis Ruffin (/wiki/Clovis_Ruffin) Giorgio di Sant' Angelo (/wiki/Giorgio_di_Sant%27_Angelo) Carolyn Schnurer (/wiki/Carolyn_Schnurer) Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) Emily Wilkens (/wiki/Emily_Wilkens) Sydney Wragge (/wiki/Sydney_Wragge) Zoran (/wiki/Zoran_(designer)) 21st century sportswear designers Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) Mary Ping (/wiki/Mary_Ping) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Notable designs Popover (dress) Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Other associated people Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) Dorothy Shaver (/wiki/Dorothy_Shaver) See also The American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Urban Street Jam Genre hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) culture festival Frequency annual Location(s) Irvine, California (/wiki/Irvine,_California) Founded 2010 Website urbanstreetjam.com (http://www.urbanstreetjam.com/) Urban Street Jam is an annual hip-hop (/wiki/Hip-hop) culture festival that showcases music (/wiki/Hip-hop_music) , art (/wiki/Street_art) , dance (/wiki/Hip-hop_dance) , and fashion (/wiki/Hip-hop_fashion) in the hip-hop community (/wiki/Hip_hop) . History [ edit ] Craig Borja of Phaze1 Entertainment/owner and producer along with Marlon Shell of Stylz Dance Studio/Co owner and producer of Urban Street Jams first annual event was held on February 20, 2010, Urban Street Jam's original venue was scheduled to be outdoors at Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre (Irvine) (/wiki/Verizon_Wireless_Amphitheatre_(Irvine)) at the Hidden Valley Park, but due to weather, the venue was changed last minute to Hilton Hotel (/wiki/Hilton_Hotel) in Costa Mesa, California (/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California) . Urban Street Jam had a fashion show, choreography dance competition, 2 vs 2 all stylz dance battle, bboy (/wiki/Bboy) dance competition, clothing venues, viewers choice battle, graffiti (/wiki/Graffiti) showcase and import show cars. Also, Stephen "Twitch" Boss (/wiki/Stephen_%22Twitch%22_Boss) from So You Think You Can Dance (/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(US)) taught a dance workshop at the event. [1] (#cite_note-1) Myron Marten Hosts [ edit ] The entire festival was hosted by Stylz Dance Studio in Covina, California (/wiki/Covina,_California) and Phaze1 Entertainment. Emcees (/wiki/Emcees) include 21XL Production's Myron Marten and Sick Step Dance Crew's Mookie, who have both hosted Vibe Dance Competition. [2] (#cite_note-2) Sponsors include Power 106 (/wiki/Power_106) , World of Dance, and Hip Hop International, BOOGIEZONE.COM, Kallusive Clothing, DanceTag.tv, and Clubbing411. [3] (#cite_note-3) Performers [ edit ] Several celebrities in the dance community have performed for this event including those from America's Best Dance Crew (/wiki/America%27s_Best_Dance_Crew) and So You Think You Can Dance (/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(US)) . Dancers include Stephen "Twitch" Boss (/wiki/Stephen_%22Twitch%22_Boss) , Dominic "D-Trix" Sandoval of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) , Hokuto "Hok" Konishi of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) , RJ KoolRaul of Supreme Soul (/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Soul&action=edit&redlink=1) , Smart Mark and Lil-O of Phresh Select (/w/index.php?title=Phresh_Select&action=edit&redlink=1) , Kaba Modern (/wiki/Kaba_Modern) Legacy , Mike Song and Victor Kim of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) . Winners [ edit ] 2010 Choreography Dance Competition [ edit ] 1st: Common Ground from Irvine, California (/wiki/Irvine,_California) 2nd: 220 from San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) 3rd: Main Ingredient from Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) All Stylz Dance Battle [ edit ] Mike Song of Kaba Modern (/wiki/Kaba_Modern) and Victor Kim of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) D-Trix of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) and Hok of Quest Crew (/wiki/Quest_Crew) Smart Mark of Phresh Select/AOP and Lil-O of Phresh Select/AOP 2011 Choreography Dance Competition [ edit ] 1st: Choreo Cookies from Oceanside, California (/wiki/Oceanside,_California) 2nd: Academy of Villains Northern California (/wiki/Northern_California) 3rd: Jungle Boogie from Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) All Stylz Battle Dance Battle [ edit ] 1st: Miss Funk, Breeze Lee, & Full-Out of VersaStyle Dance Company See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Urban Street Jam (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urban_Street_Jam) . List of hip hop music festivals (/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_music_festivals) Hip hop culture (/wiki/Hip_hop_culture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307053001/http://urbanstreetjam.com/usj.2010/upcoming-events) . Archived from the original (http://urbanstreetjam.com/USJ.2010/upcoming-events/) on 2016-03-07 . Retrieved 2010-02-22 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224326/http://urbanstreetjam.com/USJ.2010/category/blog/) . Archived from the original (http://urbanstreetjam.com/USJ.2010/category/blog/) on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2010-02-22 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211028/http://urbanstreetjam.com/USJ.2010/category/sponsors/) . Archived from the original (http://urbanstreetjam.com/USJ.2010/category/sponsors/) on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2010-02-22 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) External links [ edit ] Urban Street Jam (http://urbanstreetjam.com/) official website Stylz Dance Studio (http://stylzdancestudio.org/) Host of the festival v t e Hip hop Breaking DJing Graffiti Emceeing Beatboxing Culture Battle rap (/wiki/Battle_rap) Dance (/wiki/Hip-hop_dance) Fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) Activism (/wiki/Hip_hop_activism) Feminism (/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism) Feminist activism (/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop) LGBT (/wiki/LGBT_hip_hop) Festivals (/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_festivals) Music (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) Production (/wiki/Hip_hop_production) Theater (/wiki/Hip-hop_theater) Genres (/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres) History Five-Percent Nation (/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation) Universal Zulu Nation (/wiki/Universal_Zulu_Nation) Old-school (/wiki/Old-school_hip_hop) New school (/wiki/New-school_hip_hop) Golden age 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(/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Hip_hop_and_rap) Colombian (/wiki/Music_of_Colombia#Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music) Other topics Auto-Tune (/wiki/Auto-Tune) Contemporary R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) Disc jockey (/wiki/Disc_jockey) DJ mixer (/wiki/DJ_mixer) Record player (/wiki/Phonograph) Turntablism (/wiki/Turntablism) Drum machine (/wiki/Drum_machine) Hip hop skit (/wiki/Hip_hop_skit) Music sequencer (/wiki/Music_sequencer) Sampler (/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)) Synthesizer (/wiki/Synthesizer) Video vixen (/wiki/Video_vixen) Partner violence in hip hop (/wiki/Partner_violence_in_hip_hop) LGBT representations in hip hop music (/wiki/LGBT_representations_in_hip_hop_music) Feminist activism in hip hop (/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop) Category v t e Hip hop festivals List of hip hop music festivals (/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_music_festivals) Culture festivals Freaknik (/wiki/Freaknik) B-Boy Park (/wiki/B-Boy_Park) Breakin' Convention (/wiki/Breakin%27_Convention) Lyricist Lounge 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(/wiki/History_of_hip_hop_dance) Primary influences Breaking (/wiki/Breakdancing) Locking (/wiki/Locking_(dance)) Popping (/wiki/Popping) Derivative styles Krumping (/wiki/Krumping) Jerkin' (/wiki/Jerkin%27) Turfing (/wiki/Turfing) Memphis Jookin' (/wiki/Gangsta_Walking) Lyrical hip-hop (/wiki/Tabitha_and_Napoleon_D%27umo#Lyrical_hip-hop) Film Balttle of the Year (/wiki/Battle_of_the_Year_(film)) Beat Street (/wiki/Beat_Street) Beat the World (/wiki/Beat_the_World) Breakin (/wiki/Breakin%27) Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo (/wiki/Breakin%27_2:_Electric_Boogaloo) Honey (/wiki/Honey_(2003_film)) Honey 2 (/wiki/Honey_2) Honey 3: Dare to Dance (/wiki/Honey_3:_Dare_to_Dance) Battlefield America (/wiki/Battlefield_America) Step Up (/wiki/Step_Up_(film)) Step Up 2: The Streets (/wiki/Step_Up_2:_The_Streets) Step Up 3D (/wiki/Step_Up_3D) Step Up Revolution (/wiki/Step_Up_Revolution) Step Up: All In (/wiki/Step_Up:_All_In) Bouncing Cats (/wiki/Bouncing_Cats) Planet B-Boy (/wiki/Planet_B-Boy) Rize 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Sevani (/wiki/Adam_G._Sevani) Lilou (/wiki/B-boy_Lilou) Shaun Evaristo (/wiki/Shaun_Evaristo) Columbus Short (/wiki/Columbus_Short) Les Twins (/wiki/Les_Twins) Roxrite (/wiki/Roxrite) Lil Buck (/wiki/Lil_Buck) Akai Osei (/wiki/Akai_Osei) Cloud (/wiki/Cloud_(dancer)) Twist and Pulse (/wiki/Twist_and_Pulse) Sisco Gomez (/wiki/Sisco_Gomez) Shantanu Maheshwari (/wiki/Shantanu_Maheshwari) Theater In the Heights (/wiki/In_the_Heights) Into the Hoods (/wiki/Into_the_Hoods) Hamilton (/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)) Events Breakin' Convention (/wiki/Breakin%27_Convention) Hip Hop International (/wiki/World_Hip_Hop_Dance_Championship) United Dance Organisation (/wiki/United_Dance_Organisation) World of Dance (/wiki/World_of_Dance) Rock the Spot (/wiki/Rock_the_Spot) Urban Street Jam UK B-Boy Championships (/wiki/UK_B-Boy_Championships) Red Bull BC One (/wiki/Red_Bull_BC_One) Related topics African-American dance (/wiki/African-American_dance) Street dance (/wiki/Street_dance) House dance (/wiki/House_dance) Funk (/wiki/Funk) Flexing (dance) (/wiki/Flexing_(dance)) Electro dance (/wiki/Electro_dance) Hip-hop theater (/wiki/Hip-hop_theater) Bounce Streetdance Company So You Think You Can Dance (/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(American_TV_series)) The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers (/wiki/The_Legion_of_Extraordinary_Dancers) World of Dance (/wiki/World_of_Dance_(TV_series)) The Hip Hop Dance Experience (/wiki/The_Hip_Hop_Dance_Experience) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mgfq7 Cached time: 20240721074430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.349 seconds Real time usage: 0.701 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1484/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 91668/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1599/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39148/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4365983/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 332.782 1 -total 33.37% 111.060 1 Template:Hiphop 28.03% 93.264 1 Template:Reflist 24.23% 80.644 3 Template:Cite_web 21.09% 70.184 1 Template:Infobox_festival 18.53% 61.656 1 Template:Infobox 16.13% 53.671 5 Template:Navbox 13.28% 44.178 1 Template:Commons_category 12.73% 42.363 1 Template:Sister_project 12.28% 40.861 1 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26294608-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721074430 and revision id 1100209346. 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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 2010s portal (/wiki/Portal:2010s) This category is for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) in the year 2019 (/wiki/2019) . 2014 (/wiki/Category:2014_in_fashion) 2015 (/wiki/Category:2015_in_fashion) 2016 (/wiki/Category:2016_in_fashion) 2017 (/wiki/Category:2017_in_fashion) 2018 (/wiki/Category:2018_in_fashion) 2019 2020 (/wiki/Category:2020_in_fashion) 2021 (/wiki/Category:2021_in_fashion) 2022 (/wiki/Category:2022_in_fashion) 2023 2024 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐sfqtp Cached time: 20240718033448 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.220 seconds Real time usage: 0.377 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 163/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5042/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 109/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 67/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1555661/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 358.587 1 Template:YYYY_in_fashion_category_header 100.00% 358.587 1 -total 73.01% 261.820 1 Template:Category_series_navigation 20.04% 71.861 1 Template:Portal 5.15% 18.450 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.68% 13.197 1 Template:FindYDCportal 3.45% 12.383 1 Template:Category_other 2.81% 10.061 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.76% 6.303 6 Template:Title_year 0.71% 2.551 1 Template:DECADE Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62540807-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718033448 and revision id 949562939. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "2019 in fashion" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Amazon Coat (/wiki/Amazon_Coat) B Black Christian Siriano gown of Billy Porter (/wiki/Black_Christian_Siriano_gown_of_Billy_Porter) Bode (fashion brand) (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) C Costume Designers Guild Awards 2019 (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards_2019) P Project Runway season 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) U Uniforms of the United States Space Force (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Space_Force) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2019_in_fashion&oldid=949562939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2019_in_fashion&oldid=949562939) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2019 (/wiki/Category:2019) 2010s fashion (/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) Fashion by year (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_year) Hidden categories: Category series navigation using skip-gaps parameter (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_using_skip-gaps_parameter) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Turkish actor Onur Seyit Yaran Born Onur Seyit Yaran ( 1995-01-13 ) 13 January 1995 (age 29) Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) Citizenship Turkey Education Halic University (/wiki/Halic_University) Alma mater Sports Management Occupation(s) Actor (/wiki/Actor) , Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Years active c. 2016–present Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) Awards Best Model of Turkey (/wiki/Best_Model_of_Turkey) 2016 Onur Seyit Yaran (born 13 January 1995, Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) ) is a Turkish (/wiki/Turkic_peoples) TV series actor and former model. Life and career [ edit ] Onur Seyit Yaran was born on January 13, 1995, in Istanbul. Best Model of Turkey (/wiki/Best_Model_of_Turkey) 2016 winner. [1] (#cite_note-1) He represented Turkey in the Best Model of World (/wiki/Best_Model_of_Turkey) competition after he won the best Model of Turkey competition. He started acting with the family comedy series Kalk Gidelim (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk_Gidelim) . Series has 4 seasons. He played as Canberk Dal in 1–2 seasons. He has guest role in youth series Hayat Bazen Tatlıdır (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayat_Bazen_Tatl%C4%B1d%C4%B1r_(dizi,_2016)) . He joined in second season of series Vuslat (/wiki/Vuslat) . [2] (#cite_note-2) He is currently playing the leading role in the youth series Kardeşlerim (/wiki/Karde%C5%9Flerim) . On December 16, 2021, He won the Rising TV Star of the Year Award at the GQ (/wiki/GQ) Men Of The Year Awards Ceremony. [3] (#cite_note-3) He won an award in the category of "Best TV Series Couple" with Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) at the Golden Butterfly Award (/wiki/Golden_Butterfly_Awards) Ceremony on December 4, 2022. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) He is in relationship with volleyball player Yasemin Güveli since 2019. Filmography [ edit ] Television Year Title Role Channel Note 2017-2019 Kalk Gidelim (/w/index.php?title=Kalk_Gidelim&action=edit&redlink=1) Canberk Dal TRT 1 (/wiki/TRT_1) Supporting Role 2017 Hayat Bazen Tatlıdır (/w/index.php?title=Hayat_Bazen_Tatl%C4%B1d%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1) Student Star TV (/wiki/Star_TV_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Guest 2019-2020 Vuslat (/wiki/Vuslat) Enes TRT 1 (/wiki/TRT_1) Second Season 2021–2023 Kardeşlerim (/wiki/Karde%C5%9Flerim) Doruk Atakul Atv (/wiki/ATV_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Main Role 2024 Yan Oda Taylan Alabey Star TV (/wiki/Star_TV_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Main Role Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Association Category Nominated work Result Ref. 2016 Best Model of Turkey First Place - Won [6] (#cite_note-6) 2018 White Lily Awards Breakthrough Actor of the Year Kalk Gidelim (Get up, let's go) Won [7] (#cite_note-7) 4. TRNC Cyparazzi Awards Breakthrough Actor of the Year 2021 We Asked the Students Project Awards Best Supporting Actor Kardeşlerim (/wiki/Karde%C5%9Flerim) Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won [8] (#cite_note-8) Gündemi TV Awards Best Breakthrough Actor Won Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won 47th Golden Butterfly Awards Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Nominated Istanbul University 7th Golden 61 Awards Best Supporting Actor of the Year Won [9] (#cite_note-9) GQ (/wiki/GQ) Men Of The Year Awards Rising Star of the Year Won [10] (#cite_note-10) Ayaklı Newspaper Awards Rising Young Star of the Year Won 2022 Güzel Awards The best actor Won [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) 6. Okan University Best of the Year Awards Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won [12] (#cite_note-12) 6th Haliç University Best of the Year Awards Rising Actor of the Year Won [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) Best TV Series Couple of the Year (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) 48th Golden Butterfly Awards The best actor Nominated [14] (#cite_note-:4-14) [15] (#cite_note-:5-15) Best TV Series Couple (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won [14] (#cite_note-:4-14) [15] (#cite_note-:5-15) Girls Ask Best of the Year Awards Best TV Series Couple of the Year (With Su Burcu Yazgı Coşkun (/wiki/Su_Burcu_Yazg%C4%B1_Co%C5%9Fkun) ) Won [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "29. Best Model of the World yarışmasının birincileri belli oldu" (https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/yasam/29-best-model-of-the-world-yarismasinin-birincileri-belli-oldu,x0G5U7gtP0uJ4PZy0-EuQg/jX0E3Obd30SvN9nFTg5yQQ) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kalk Gidelim yeni sezonu ilk açan dizi oldu! Kalk Gidelim 3. Sezonu ne zaman başlayacak?" (https://www.sozcu.com.tr/hayatim/magazin-haberleri/kalk-gidelim-yeni-sezonu-ilk-acan-dizi-oldu-kalk-gidelim-3-sezonu-ne-zaman-baslayacak/) . 18 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Men of the Year 2021 Kazananlar" (https://gq.com.tr/moty/men-of-the-year-2021-kazananlar) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "48. Altın Kelebek Ödülleri sahiplerini buldu" (https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/48-altin-kelebek-odulleri-sahiplerini-buldu-2009069) . 12 May 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "İkinci bölüm: Bu sezon ekranın dikkat çeken genç yetenekleri! - Noluyo" (https://noluyo.tv/haber/14290/ikinci-bolum-bu-sezon-ekranin-dikkat-ceken-genc-yetenekleri/) . 11 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "BEST MODEL TURKEY - 2016 Kazananlar" (http://www.bestmodelturkey.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94) . www.bestmodelturkey.com . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Onur Seyit Yaran Kalk Gidelim dizisindeki performansı ile ödül aldı!" (https://www.diziler.com/haber/onur-seyit-yaran-kalk-gidelim-dizisindeki-performansi-ile-odul-aldi-18150) . Diziler.com (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Öğrencilerden 'Doruk'a En İyi Oyuncu ödülü" (https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/ogrencilerden-doruka-en-iyi-oyuncu-odulu-5487368) . Sabah (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "atv'ye ödül yağmuru!" (https://www.takvim.com.tr/saklambac/2021/11/06/atvye-odul-yagmuru) . takvim.com.tr (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Men of the Year 2021 Kazananlar" (https://gq.com.tr/moty/men-of-the-year-2021-kazananlar) . GQ (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Güzel Awards – Recognizing the best of the year in Turkish TV" (https://guzelawards.com/) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Kılıçdaroğlu beklenen açıklamayı yaptı: Güçlü bir sosyal devleti bu enkazın içinden çıkarıp inşa etmek zorundayız" (https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/kilicdaroglu-guclu-bir-sosyal-devleti-bu-enkazin-icinden-cikarip-insa-etmek-zorundayiz-628772h.htm) . Yeni Çağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2023-02-12 . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Haliç'in Enleri \| Ödül Töreni \| Haliç Üniversitesi \| İstanbul" (https://www.halicinenleri.com/) . Haliç'in Enleri'22 (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "48. Altın Kelebek Ödülleri sahiplerini buldu" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221224162100/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/48-altin-kelebek-odulleri-sahiplerini-buldu-2009069) . 2022-12-24. Archived from the original (https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/48-altin-kelebek-odulleri-sahiplerini-buldu-2009069) on 2022-12-24 . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "48. Altın Kelebek Ödülleri sahiplerini buldu" (https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/48-altin-kelebek-odulleri-sahiplerini-buldu-2009069) . www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 12 May 2022 . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) info@Mygazete.com, Mygazete com-New World Media Yayıncılık; Kaşlı, Esra (2022-12-15). "Yılın En'leri Anketi'nin sonuçları açıklandı haberi. Son Dakika MAGAZİN haber başlıkları ve gelişmeler" (https://www.mygazete.com/haberler/magazin/yilin-enleri-anketinin-sonuclari-aciklandi/596317/) . Antalya Haber - Güncel Haberler - Son Dakika Haberleri - MYGAZETE (in Turkish) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Onur Seyit Yaran . Onur Seyit Yaran (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9437044/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Onur Seyit Yaran (https://www.instagram.com/onurseyityaran/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Onur Seyit Yaran (https://x.com/onursyaran) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) v t e Best Model of Turkey titleholders (/wiki/Best_Model_of_Turkey) 1998 Sibel Tan (/w/index.php?title=Sibel_Tan&action=edit&redlink=1) * 1989 Begüm Özbek (/w/index.php?title=Beg%C3%BCm_%C3%96zbek&action=edit&redlink=1) 1990 Esin Moralıoğlu (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esin_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) 1991 Deniz Pulaş (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Pula%C5%9F) 1992 Maide Erçelebi (/w/index.php?title=Maide_Er%C3%A7elebi&action=edit&redlink=1) 1993 Ebru Ürün (/w/index.php?title=Ebru_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn&action=edit&redlink=1) * Berke Hürcan (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berke_H%C3%BCrcan) 1994 Sema Şimşek (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sema_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek) Burak Hakkı (/wiki/Burak_Hakk%C4%B1) 1995 Eylem Çeliker (/w/index.php?title=Eylem_%C3%87eliker&action=edit&redlink=1) Volkan Kademlioğlu (/w/index.php?title=Volkan_Kademlio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1) 1996 Güzide Duran (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCzide_Duran) Fuat Cingiler (/w/index.php?title=Fuat_Cingiler&action=edit&redlink=1) 1997 Deniz Akkaya (/wiki/Deniz_Akkaya) Kenan İmirzalıoğlu (/wiki/Kenan_%C4%B0mirzal%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) * 1998 Burcu Kutluk (/w/index.php?title=Burcu_Kutluk&action=edit&redlink=1) Çağdaş Karasu (/w/index.php?title=%C3%87a%C4%9Fda%C5%9F_Karasu&action=edit&redlink=1) *** 1999 Tuğba Karaca (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Fba_Karaca) Faik Ergin (/wiki/Faik_Ergin) * 2000 Şenay Akın (/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eenay_Ak%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1) Alp Kırşan (/wiki/Alp_K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fan) *** 2001 Şenay Akay (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eenay_Akay) * Mehmet Akif Alakurt (/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Alakurt) 2002 Irmak Atuk (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irmak_Atuk) Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ (/wiki/K%C4%B1van%C3%A7_Tatl%C4%B1tu%C4%9F) * 2003 Şebnem Sürücü (/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eebnem_S%C3%BCr%C3%BCc%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1) *** Yusuf Şahan Gürdal (/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_%C5%9Eahan_G%C3%BCrdal&action=edit&redlink=1) 2004 Fatma Yaman (/w/index.php?title=Fatma_Yaman&action=edit&redlink=1) and Simge Tertemiz (/wiki/Simge_Tertemiz) Mert Öcal (/wiki/Mert_%C3%96cal) * 2005 Tuğçe Güder (/wiki/Tu%C4%9F%C3%A7e_G%C3%BCder) * Burak Özçivit (/wiki/Burak_%C3%96z%C3%A7ivit) 2006 Neslihan Önder (/w/index.php?title=Neslihan_%C3%96nder&action=edit&redlink=1) Fatih Cansız (/w/index.php?title=Fatih_Cans%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1) 2007 Senem Kuyucuoğlu (/wiki/Senem_Kuyucuo%C4%9Flu) Kaan Aypulat (/w/index.php?title=Kaan_Aypulat&action=edit&redlink=1) 2008 Yelda Kara (/w/index.php?title=Yelda_Kara&action=edit&redlink=1) Armağan Oğuz (/w/index.php?title=Arma%C4%9Fan_O%C4%9Fuz&action=edit&redlink=1) 2009 Eda Sedalı (/w/index.php?title=Eda_Sedal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1) and Tuğçe Sarıkaya (/w/index.php?title=Tu%C4%9F%C3%A7e_Sar%C4%B1kaya&action=edit&redlink=1) Erkan Meriç (/w/index.php?title=Erkan_Meri%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1) and İlhan Şen (/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_%C5%9Een) 2010 Yeliz Mete (/w/index.php?title=Yeliz_Mete&action=edit&redlink=1) Çağatay Ulusoy (/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Ulusoy) 2011 Tuğba Melis Türk (/wiki/Tu%C4%9Fba_Melis_T%C3%BCrk) ** Furkan Palalı (/wiki/Furkan_Palal%C4%B1) * and Serkan Tanırgan (/w/index.php?title=Serkan_Tan%C4%B1rgan&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 Sezgi Sena Akay (/wiki/Sezgi_Sena_Akay) * Berk Atan (/wiki/Berk_Atan) * 2013 Ayşenur Özkan (/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fenur_%C3%96zkan&action=edit&redlink=1) ** Burak Çelik (/wiki/Burak_%C3%87elik) * 2014 Cansu Melis Karakuş (/w/index.php?title=Cansu_Melis_Karaku%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1) Caner Tanrıverdi (/w/index.php?title=Caner_Tanr%C4%B1verdi&action=edit&redlink=1) * 2015 Yağmur Ayrık (/w/index.php?title=Ya%C4%9Fmur_Ayr%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1) Yılmaz Kunt (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Kunt) * 2016 Gizem Kayalı (/w/index.php?title=Gizem_Kayal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1) Onur Seyit Yaran * 2017 Aslıhan Karalar (/w/index.php?title=Asl%C4%B1han_Karalar&action=edit&redlink=1) Efe Sorarlı (/w/index.php?title=Efe_Sorarl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1) 2018 Türkan Geyik (/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkan_Geyik&action=edit&redlink=1) Ulaş Özgür Aslan (/w/index.php?title=Ula%C5%9F_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_Aslan&action=edit&redlink=1) *** 2019 Derya Ekşioğlu (/w/index.php?title=Derya_Ek%C5%9Fio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1) * Tolga Kandemir (/w/index.php?title=Tolga_Kandemir&action=edit&redlink=1) *** 2020 Melisa İmrak (/w/index.php?title=Melisa_%C4%B0mrak&action=edit&redlink=1) Oğuzhan Bolat (/w/index.php?title=O%C4%9Fuzhan_Bolat&action=edit&redlink=1) This article about a Turkish actor is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onur_Seyit_Yaran&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐qr5rj Cached time: 20240720182215 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.431 seconds Real time usage: 0.612 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2830/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51555/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2256/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 74082/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9515996/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 563.911 1 -total 26.42% 148.973 1 Template:Infobox_person 24.56% 138.483 1 Template:Reflist 21.30% 120.100 16 Template:Cite_web 16.46% 92.837 1 Template:Short_description 12.90% 72.732 1 Template:Best_Model_of_Turkey 12.60% 71.070 1 Template:Navbox 10.92% 61.568 21 Template:Main_other 8.52% 48.055 1 Template:Commons 8.36% 47.146 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73149664-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720182215 and revision id 1223524958. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1710s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1710s_fashion) . Fashion in the 1710s. 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s (/wiki/Category:1700s_fashion) 1710s 1720s (/wiki/Category:1720s_fashion) 1730s (/wiki/Category:1730s_fashion) 1740s (/wiki/Category:1740s_fashion) 1750s (/wiki/Category:1750s_fashion) 1760s (/wiki/Category:1760s_fashion) 13th (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6c79c7fcbd‐ws2gd Cached time: 20240722070722 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.168 seconds Real time usage: 0.472 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 280/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6522/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 367/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.120/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1523984/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 457.391 1 -total 79.36% 362.982 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 16.47% 75.354 1 Template:Commons_category 15.96% 73.021 1 Template:Sister_project 15.54% 71.076 1 Template:Side_box 7.05% 32.235 2 Template:If_then_show 3.42% 15.665 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 2.29% 10.493 1 Template:Category_other 1.97% 8.988 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 0.67% 3.053 1 Template:Title_decade Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38831018-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722070722 and revision id 1080086358. Rendering was triggered because: unknown Pages in category "1710s fashion" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1700–1750 in Western fashion (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1710s_fashion&oldid=1080086358 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1710s_fashion&oldid=1080086358) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1710s (/wiki/Category:1710s) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 1710s in art (/wiki/Category:1710s_in_art) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Type of footwear A pair of Bean Boots Bean boots (originally named Maine Hunting Shoes ) are a type of water-resistant "duck boots" manufactured by L.L.Bean (/wiki/L.L.Bean) . [1] (#cite_note-1) They are constructed from a rubber sole and a leather upper. The boots were created in 1911 and were an instant success. The boots became an item of clothing connected to elite prep schools. In the 2010s, the boots experienced a resurgence in popularity leading to a shortage, as demand exceeded production capacity. Creation [ edit ] The first pairs of Bean Boots were created in 1911. [2] (#cite_note-2) Leon Leonwood Bean (/wiki/Leon_Leonwood_Bean) was an avid outdoorsman (/wiki/Outdoor_enthusiast) and hunter from Freeport, Maine (/wiki/Freeport,_Maine) . On one of his hunting trips, Bean noticed that his feet were getting wet and cold in his usual pair of hunting boots. He decided to combine the rubber soles of rain boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) with leather uppers, and convinced a local cobbler to assemble the shoes. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 1912, Bean formed the L.L. Bean Company (/wiki/L.L._Bean) to market and sell the shoes. While the first 100 pairs of the boots sold quickly, they had a defect in the connection between the rubber and the leather. Bean returned all of his customers' money, and convinced US Rubber (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) to make specialty soles for his boots. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) After the switch to the specialty soles, the boots were an instant success. The only subsequent change to the boots was the addition of a chain pattern (/wiki/Chain) design in 1947. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Fashion [ edit ] Bean Boots are considered to be part of prep fashion (/wiki/Preppy) due to their classic design and use at elite prep schools in New England. [5] (#cite_note-5) The Official Preppy Handbook (/wiki/The_Official_Preppy_Handbook) calls them "the second most important shoe (after Weejun loafers (/wiki/Weejuns) ) in the preppy male's wardrobe." [6] (#cite_note-6) In the 2010s, the boots became trendy. [7] (#cite_note-7) This has led to widespread shortages of the shoes. While some suspected that the shortage was manufactured, the company maintained that it is because the shoes are still made in Maine and stitched by hand, and points to the price not changing as evidence that they weren't taking advantage of the trend. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Bootmobile (/wiki/Bootmobile) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Here's why everyone is suddenly obsessed with a rubber boot that's been around since 1911" (http://www.businessinsider.com/why-everyone-loves-bean-boots-2015-3) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved 2015-10-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mayo, Matthew P.; Smith-Mayo, Jennifer (2011-05-03). Maine Icons: 50 Classic Symbols of the Pine Tree State . Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780762768967 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hartill, Daniel (2012). "L.L. Bean: It all started with a boot" (http://bangordailynews.com/2012/02/26/business/l-l-bean-it-all-started-with-a-boot/) . The Bangor Daily News . Retrieved 2015-11-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_4-0) Bourjaily, Philip (August 1997). "Deer Gear '97". Field & Stream . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bain, Marc. "L.L. Bean's duck boots are ugly—so why do they keep selling out?" (http://qz.com/513203/ll-beans-duck-boots-are-ugly-so-why-do-they-keep-selling-out/) . Quartz . Retrieved 2015-10-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Shaw, Dan (1994-12-25). "NOTICED; The Mystery Of the Boots" (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/25/style/noticed-the-mystery-of-the-boots.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2015-11-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Why L.L. Bean's Boots Keep Selling Out" (https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/llbean-duck-boot-labor-shoes-maine/410863/) . The Atlantic . 2015-10-19 . Retrieved 2015-11-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "L.L. Bean Denies Duck Boot Shortage is a PR Game" (https://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/l-l-bean-denies-duck-boot-shortage-pr-game-n436951) . NBC News . Retrieved 2015-11-03 . 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A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:The_Black_Tux) . ( May 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Black Tux Type of business Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Headquarters Santa Monica, California (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Andrew Blackmon (co-founder) Patrick Coyne (co-founder) Industry E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) URL www (http://www.theblacktux.com/) .theblacktux (http://www.theblacktux.com/) .com (http://www.theblacktux.com/) The Black Tux is a men's fashion company specializing in the online tuxedo and suit rental industry. The Black Tux rents tuxedos, suits, and other men’s formalwear accessories entirely through its own e-commerce marketplace. History [ edit ] The company was founded in the year 2012 by Andrew Blackmon and Patrick Coyne, and is headquartered in Santa Monica (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , California. The business was created as a direct response to the co-founders’ poor experiences involving tuxedo and suit rentals for weddings and formal events. [1] (#cite_note-1) Prior to launching publicly, the company was involved with MuckerLab a Los Angeles-based start-up accelerator. [2] (#cite_note-2) The company received $10 million in Series A funding in January 2015, with an additional $25 million in September 2015. [3] (#cite_note-3) Business model [ edit ] The Black Tux rents tuxedos, suits, and other formalwear and accessories entirely online. Shipping is free both ways and arrives at least a full week prior to customers’ events. The Black Tux designs its tuxedos and suits and offers dress shirts, shoes, neckwear, and other formal wear accessories for rental. [4] (#cite_note-4) Reception [ edit ] Shortly after launching out of beta, The Black Tux was featured in GQ , which called the company “the Warby Parker (/wiki/Warby_Parker) of the formalwear game” and declared “The Black Tux has come to rescue guys from tux-rental hell.” Since launching they have been featured in The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) , [6] (#cite_note-6) and Techcrunch (/wiki/TechCrunch) . [7] (#cite_note-TechCrunchShieber-7) In December 2013, The Black Tux raised funding from investors in the venture capital community. [7] (#cite_note-TechCrunchShieber-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Johnson, Alexis. "The Black Tux Goes Glam and Gives Back" (http://la-confidential-magazine.com/style/articles/the-black-tux-tuxedo-rental-chrysalis-partnership) . Los Angeles Confidential . Retrieved December 17, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fong, Phyllis. "A Better Black Tie Rental" (http://www.mensjournal.com/style/outerwear/a-better-black-tie-rental-20130613) . Men's Journal . Retrieved December 17, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Magee, Christine (September 9, 2015). "The Black Tux Grabs $25M To Dress Men To The Nines" (https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/09/the-black-tux-grabs-25m-to-dress-men-to-the-nines/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved October 4, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lardinois, Frederic (January 16, 2013). "MuckerLab Graduates Its Class Of 2013, Its Last Class Has Raised Over $15M To Date" (https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/16/muckerlab-graduates-its-class-of-2013-its-last-class-has-raised-over-15m-to-date/) . TechCrunch (/wiki/TechCrunch) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sherman, Lauren (February 20, 2014). "High-Rent Rental Tuxedos" (https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303491404579390900885034592) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved October 3, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Summers, Nick (January 30, 2015). "Black Tux Website Gets Rental Tuxedos Right" (http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-30/black-tux-website-gets-rental-tuxedos-right) . Bloomberg Business . Retrieved October 4, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shieber, Jonathan (February 25, 2014). "Black Tux Raises $2.6M So You Can Rent That Suit and Tie" (https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/25/black-tux-raises-2-6m-so-you-can-rent-that-suit-and-tie/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved October 4, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Reviews" (https://theblacktux.com/about/reviews) . theblacktux.com . 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Athleisure clothing line owned by Beyoncé This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2024 ) IVY PARK Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) , apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Founded March 31, 2016 ; 8 years ago ( 2016-03-31 ) Founder Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Sir Philip Green (/wiki/Sir_Philip_Green) Headquarters New York City, New York (/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York) , U.S. Area served Worldwide Products Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) Website www.ivypark.com (http://www.ivypark.com/) Ivy Park is an athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) clothing line owned, managed, and operated by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) through her management company Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) . It was introduced in 2016. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Originally co-founded by Beyoncé and Sir Philip Green (/wiki/Sir_Philip_Green) , Ivy Park launched a joint venture (/wiki/Joint_venture) with Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) in October 2014 and operated under the company Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. [4] (#cite_note-4) Initially planned for the fall of 2015, Ivy Park's launch was postponed to the spring of 2016, [5] (#cite_note-5) with an official release date of April 14, 2016 for in-store and online retailers. On March 31, 2016, Beyoncé announced the new line by unveiling two covers for the May issue of Elle magazine (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . The issue features an in-depth interview where Beyoncé shares her goals for the brand and its focus on women. [6] (#cite_note-elle-6) She explains her desire to "push the boundaries of athletic wear and to support and inspire women who understand that beauty is more than your physical appearance". [7] (#cite_note-wt-7) On the same day, Beyoncé also released a promotional video titled " Where Is Your Park ," [8] (#cite_note-8) which provides viewers with a glimpse into her workout routine and includes samples of the upcoming clothing line. The video also tells the brand's origin story and highlights the significance of its name: Ivy represents her daughter Blue Ivy Carter (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) , and Park, represents Parkwood Park (/wiki/Parkwood_Park) in Houston (/wiki/Houston) , where Beyoncé used to go to exercise and find personal strength. [6] (#cite_note-elle-6) She elaborated in the video: “I would wake up in the morning, and my dad would come knocking at my door, telling me it's time to go running. I remember wanting to stop, but I would push myself to keep going. It taught me discipline. And I would think about my dreams. I would think about the sacrifices my parents made for me. I would think about my little sister and how I was her hero. I would look at the beauty around me, the sun shining through the trees. I would keep breathing. There are things I'm still afraid of. When I have to conquer those things, I still go back to that park. Before I hit the stage, I go back to that park. When it was time for me to give birth, I went back to that park. The park became a state of mind (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/state_of_mind) . The park became my strength. The park is what made me who I am. Where's your park? [6] (#cite_note-elle-6) ” The sportswear line includes tops, bottoms, swimwear, and accessories that range from $30 to $200. [9] (#cite_note-9) On November 14, 2018, Parkwood Entertainment acquired total ownership of the Ivy Park brand away from co-founder Green following allegations (/wiki/Allegation) of sexual harassment (/wiki/Sexual_harassment) and racial abuse. [10] (#cite_note-10) Ivy Park x Adidas [ edit ] Ivy Park and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) have collaborated on several collections with the company site describing the "[unity of] two iconic brands, celebrating their heritage while creating uniforms of power,” in January 2021. [11] (#cite_note-11) Matt Powell, a senior footwear analyst at NPD Group (/wiki/The_NPD_Group) , speculates that Ivy Park x Adidas could eventually surpass other Adidas collaborations in sales, including Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) by Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Drop 1 [ edit ] On April 4, 2019, Beyoncé announced the first collaboration (/wiki/Collaboration) between Ivy Park and Adidas. [14] (#cite_note-14) This partnership marked the relaunch of the Ivy Park brand after severing ties with retailer Topshop. In a statement released on the official Ivy Park website, Beyoncé shares, "This is the partnership of a lifetime for me... Adidas has had tremendous success in pushing creative boundaries. We share a philosophy that puts creativity, growth and social responsibility (/wiki/Social_responsibility) at the forefront of business. I look forward to re-launching and expanding Ivy Park on a truly global scale with a proven, dynamic leader." [15] (#cite_note-15) The relaunch also aimed to put out shoes, performance gear, and lifestyle apparel. [16] (#cite_note-16) Promotion [ edit ] A week before the official launch of the collaboration, Beyoncé sent various orange boxes to celebrities and fans to promote the line. The boxes ranged in size from full-scale clothing racks with the most notable pieces to smaller boxes that included shoes. Some celebrities who received a box include Ellen DeGeneres (/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres) , Angela Bassett (/wiki/Angela_Bassett) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) , Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) , Reese Witherspoon (/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon) , and Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Reception [ edit ] Hours after the pre-sale launch and 6 minutes after the main launch on January 17, 2020, the collaboration officially sold out on Adidas' website, [19] (#cite_note-19) with the collection's popularity reportedly crashing the website multiple times. [20] (#cite_note-20) The line was available in select Adidas stores worldwide, as well as Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) , Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) , and Finish Line (/wiki/Finish_Line,_Inc.) locations in the United States, on January 18, but also quickly sold out. [21] (#cite_note-21) Many shoppers expressed their frustration on social media blaming Adidas' virtual "waiting room" for not being able to purchase any items due to how quickly merchandise sold out. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Drop 2 [ edit ] On October 19, 2020, Beyoncé posted a cryptic image on her Instagram page, reading "This Is My Park" with the four-word caption "DRIP 2 October 30". Beyoncé modeled for the cover of British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) 's December 2020 Issue featuring Ivy Park x Adidas Drip 2 photographed by 21-year old Kennedi Carter. [25] (#cite_note-25) The second collection was inspired by 1980s camp and aerobics workout tape aesthetics, with the collection released in five different color palettes: real coral "Coral Lake", mesa "Honey Drip", yellow tint "Canari", dark green "De-grassy" and green tint "Azure". [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) A second surprise sub-collection, known as "Drip 2.2" or "The Black Pack" that came in black and mesa colors only, was announced and released days after the first. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Reception [ edit ] The collaboration also sold out on Adidas' website, as well as on retailers such as ASOS (/wiki/ASOS_(retailer)) . Fans also expressed frustration again in being unable to purchase items from this collection due to the waiting room or resellers. [30] (#cite_note-30) Drop 3 [ edit ] On January 24, 2021, the Ivy Park official Instagram page posted a cryptic teaser (/wiki/Teaser_campaign) with a winter theme featuring models posing in different apparel and flashes of different shoes, ending with a simple "COMING SOON" caption. Days later, on February 5, 2021, Adidas announced the third collection, “Icy Park", where the collection will "[infuse] alpine silhouettes with faux shearling and performance towel terry materials, adding texture for the quintessential cozy vibe." Select apparel will also feature new brand logo monograms. [31] (#cite_note-31) Promotion [ edit ] The brand also sent out various gift packages to celebrities and influencers, but this time shoes were sent out in chests made of frozen ice. Celebrities such as Lil Yachty (/wiki/Lil_Yachty) and Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) received such packages. [32] (#cite_note-32) Throughout the month of February 2021, ice sculptures (/wiki/Ice_sculpture) were temporarily erected in locations around New York City to promote the collection, with one being installed in Domino Park (/wiki/Domino_Park) , and another two days later in Bryant Park (/wiki/Bryant_Park) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Controversy [ edit ] In early May 2016, a front-page story of British newspaper The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) featured allegations that Ivy Park factories in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) were exploiting their workers by paying them $6.17 a day, below what they claimed was the minimum daily wage. A representative of Ivy Park responded to the claims by saying, "Ivy Park has a rigorous ethical trading program. We are proud of our sustained efforts in terms of factory inspections and audits, and our teams worldwide work very closely with our suppliers and their factories to ensure compliance". [7] (#cite_note-wt-7) [34] (#cite_note-cbs-34) As analyzed by CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) , the minimum daily wage in Sri Lanka was $2.68, which meant that workers were making double the standard, disproving the allegations. [34] (#cite_note-cbs-34) In early April 2019, after the launch of Ivy Park's collaborative line with Adidas, news broke that Beyoncé had reportedly "ended a potential partnership with Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) because the pitch team lacked diversity." [35] (#cite_note-35) Nick DePaula of ESPN (/wiki/ESPN) said that “She had a meeting at Reebok and they had a whole presentation of everything [...] and she kind of took a step back and said: ‘Is this the team that’ll be working on my product?’ [...] ‘Nobody in this room reflects my background, my skin colour, and where I’m from and what I want to do.” [36] (#cite_note-36) Reebok has since "vehemently denied" the claims, stating through a spokesperson that "The report that Beyoncé walked out of a meeting with Reebok due to lack of diversity is categorically false. Our discussions with Beyoncé and her team continued for several months after our initial meeting. We are disappointed that false information is being reported as fact." [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Holmes, Sally (March 31, 2016). "OMG Beyoncé's Fashion Line Is HEEEEEEEREEEEEE" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a35241/beyonce-fashion-line-ivy-park/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Duboff, Josh (March 31, 2016). "Beyoncé Introduces Ivy Park, an Activewear Line" (http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/beyonce-ivy-park-activewear-line) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Carlos, Marjon (March 31, 2016). "Beyoncé's New Activewear Line, Ivy Park, Has Arrived" (http://www.vogue.com/13421769/beyonce-athleisure-ivy-park-activewear-collection-video-behind-the-scenes/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Milligan, Lauren (October 27, 2014). "CONFIRMED: Beyoncé And Topshop Launch Activewear" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/10/27/beyonce-knowles-collaboration-topshop-athletic) . Vogue . Retrieved April 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fisher, Lauren (November 30, 2015). "Beyoncé's Topshop Athleisure Brand Gets an Official Launch Date" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/news/a13156/beyonce-athleisure-brand-topshop/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved April 2, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "This Is What Beyoncé's Fashion Line Ivy Park Means" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a35244/beyonce-fashion-line-ivy-park-means/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . 2016-03-31 . Retrieved 2016-04-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chasmar, Jessica (May 18, 2016). "Beyonce brand Ivy Park denies sweatshop allegations" (http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/may/18/beyonce-brand-ivy-park-denies-sweatshop-allegation/) . The Washington Times (/wiki/The_Washington_Times) . Retrieved June 14, 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) IVY PARK \| SS16 \| BEYONCÉ \| ‘WHERE IS YOUR PARK' , retrieved 2024-02-17 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Carlos, Marjon (31 March 2016). "Beyoncé's New Activewear Line, Ivy Park, Has Arrived" (http://www.vogue.com/13421769/beyonce-athleisure-ivy-park-activewear-collection-video-behind-the-scenes/) . Vogue . Retrieved 2016-04-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Beyoncé cuts ties with Philip Green" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46220057) . BBC News . November 15, 2018 . Retrieved November 15, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "adidas x IVY PARK" (https://www.adidas.co.uk/ivypark) . adidas.co.uk . Retrieved January 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Golden, Jessica (January 17, 2020). "Adidas is banking on Beyonce for growth with Ivy Park athletic wear line debut" (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/16/adidas-is-banking-on-beyonce-for-growth-with-ivy-park-athleticwear-line-debut.html) . CNBC . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Why Beyoncé's Ivy Park launch could boost Adidas more than Kanye West did with Yeezy's" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/beyonces-ivy-park-launch-could-boost-adidas-141832147.html) . finance.yahoo.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Taylor, Kate. "Beyoncé is partnering with Adidas to create new shoes and apparel and relaunch athleisure brand Ivy Park" (https://www.businessinsider.com/beyonce-partners-adidas-athleisure-ivy-park-2019-4) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2019-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Ivy Park" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201008043814/https://www.beyonce.com/ivypark/) . Beyoncé . Archived from the original (https://www.beyonce.com/ivypark/) on 2020-10-08 . Retrieved 2019-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Thomas, Lauren (2019-04-04). "Adidas is teaming with Beyonce on sneakers, relaunch of Ivy Park" (https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/adidas-is-teaming-up-with-beyonce-on-sneakers-relaunch-of-ivy-park.html) . www.cnbc.com . Retrieved 2019-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Carter, Terry. "Here Are All The Celebrities Who Were Lucky Enough To Get An Ivy Park x Adidas Box From Beyoncé" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/terrycarter/beyonce-sent-celebrities-ivy-park-x-adidas-boxes) . BuzzFeed . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Beyoncè's Brilliant Marketing Plan For Ivy Park Is Worth Studying" (https://www.vibe.com/2020/01/beyonce-shells-out-ivy-park-goodies-to-janelle-monae-yara-shahidi-kelly-rowland-and-more) . Vibe . January 17, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Beyoncé's Ivy Park x Adidas Collection Sells Out Instantly Online, Twitter Despairs" (https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/beyonc-s-ivy-park-x-adidas-collection-sells-out-instantly-online-twitter-despairs-news.101273.html) . HotNewHipHop . 18 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Beyonce's Adidas x Ivy Park Collaboration Sells Out Worldwide" (https://thatgrapejuice.net/2020/01/beyonces-adidas-ivy-park-collaboration-sells-out-worldwide/) . ThatGrapeJuice.net . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Tyko, Kelly. "Beyoncé's Ivy Park line for adidas selling out online but available in select stores Saturday" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/01/17/adidas-beyonce-ivy-park-new-line/4508428002/) . USA TODAY . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Beyoncé's Ivy Park X Adidas Collab sells out in hours" (https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/beyonces-ivy-park-x-adidas-collab-sells-out-in-hours/) . January 18, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Business, Chauncey Alcorn CNN (17 January 2020). "Beyoncé's Ivy Park x Adidas' line drops online and sends the internet into a frenzy" (https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/17/business/beyonce-ivy-park-adidas/index.html) . CNN . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Gunn, Tamantha (January 17, 2020). "Twitter reacts to Beyoncé's Ivy Park x Adidas pre-launch" (https://www.revolt.tv/news/2020/1/17/21071145/twitter-reacts-beyonce-ivy-park-adidas-pre-launch) . REVOLT . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Beyoncé Covers The December Issue Of British Vogue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201223203200/https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/beyonce-british-vogue-december-2020) . British Vogue . 2020-10-30. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/beyonce-british-vogue-december-2020) on 2020-12-23 . Retrieved 2024-01-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "ANNOUNCING IVY PARK SECOND COLLECTION AND "THIS IS MY PARK" CAMPAIGN WITH BÉYONCE" (https://news.adidas.com/originals/announcing-ivy-park-second-collection-and--this-is-my-park--campaign-with-b-yonce/s/57dcb16d-73aa-4a4f-9401-e452118339db) . news.adidas.com . 26 October 2020 . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "LOOK: Beyoncé drops Ivy Park Drip 2 collection" (https://newschannel6.tv/look-beyonce-drops-ivy-park-drip-2-collection-26885/) . NewsChannel6 . 2020-10-30 . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Nguyen, Andrew (2020-11-19). "We Found a Secret Trove of "Sold Out" Ivy Park Pieces" (https://www.thecut.com/2020/11/shop-the-sold-out-ivy-park-pieces-from-black-pack.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Wasilak, Sarah (2020-11-17). "Beyoncé Has More Adidas x Ivy Park to Share With Us — Drip 2.2: Black Pack Is Here" (https://www.popsugar.com/node/47908249) . POPSUGAR Fashion . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Beyoncé Fans React to Missing Out on the Latest Ivy Park x Adidas Collection" (https://www.complex.com/style/2020/10/fans-respond-to-beyonces-latest-ivy-park-adidas-merch-selling-out) . Complex . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "ICY PARK: The Third Ivy Park Collection with Beyoncé" (https://news.adidas.com/originals/icy-park--the-third-ivy-park-collection-with-beyonc-/s/51b7087b-a661-406a-9b0e-9274acb3a752) . news.adidas.com . 5 February 2021 . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Beyonce Gifted Lil Yachty & Gucci Mane Adidas Icy Park Sneakers In Ice Boxes" (https://urbanislandz.com/2021/02/06/beyonce-gifted-lil-yachty-gucci-mane-adidas-icy-park-sneakers-in-ice-boxes/) . Urban Islandz . 2021-02-06 . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Icy Park-Themed Ice Sculptures Pop Up in NYC Ahead of Collection Launch" (https://graziamagazine.com/articles/icy-park-ice-sculptures/) . Grazia . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Park, Andrea (May 17, 2016). "Beyonce's Ivy Park clothing line denies sweatshop allegations" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/beyonces-ivy-park-clothing-line-denies-sweatshop-allegations/) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . Retrieved June 14, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Beyoncé Walked Out of a Meeting With Reebok Over a Lack of Diversity, Reports Say" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/beyonce-reebok-meeting-diversity-espn-adidas-a8857386.html) . Independent Magazine (/wiki/Independent_Magazine) . April 6, 2019 . Retrieved 25 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Reebok Shuts Down Report That Beyoncé Walked Out of a Meeting with the Brand" (https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a27055246/beyonce-reebok-meeting-diversity/) . The Oprah Magazine (/wiki/The_Oprah_Magazine) . April 5, 2019 . Retrieved 25 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Reebok Denies Rumors That Beyoncé Walked Out Of Meeting Over Lack Of Diversity" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/reebok-beyonce-adidas-diversity-representation_n_5ca79253e4b0dca0330108c2?ri18n=true&guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9jb25zZW50LnlhaG9vLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAMAZnUfxsy4hppeBnrtaXfXS7vwYC2Qlj5eYwYfEeo-eu3wTa3KvpvnZq0EQn7JtsR1ql9fg5K7NoEsaw6aWJNXwwFf1sHXqhDDji9iWax94UuN9lyAdhs_fD3_cQpRw3STvNj2xp6niQVLpaONvDo6E_EBsvDiWOkSBPqobBBFb) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . May 4, 2019 . Retrieved 26 October 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.ivypark.com) IVY PARK SS16 – Beyoncé 'Where is your park' on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) v t e Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Albums discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_albums_discography) Singles discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_singles_discography) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Beyonc%C3%A9_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Videography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_videography) Cultural impact (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Beyonc%C3%A9) Studio albums Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day) I Am... 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Japanese kind of clothing A woman wearing a red Suikan at a festival. A suikan ( 水干 ) is a type of clothing that used to be worn by low-ranking officials serving the imperial court during the Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) (794-1185). [1] (#cite_note-KDJ-1) [2] (#cite_note-DJR-2) It is generally worn over other clothes. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The word "Suikan" literally means "water-drying," [1] (#cite_note-KDJ-1) [2] (#cite_note-DJR-2) referring to the process of stretching the cloth and drying it without using glue. The clothing is a sliding-door type of jacket with a single-breasted body and open sides, and the collar is tied with a kumihimo cord. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The term "suikan hakama" is also used to refer to the long hakama (/wiki/Hakama) worn with the Suikan, although the exact meaning of this term is somewhat debated. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) It is considered a quite formal form of clothing. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) It features very large sleeves that attach to the shoulders for a short distance. The garment is made from one very wide fabric panel. The sides are open. This shows the clothes worn underneath. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Overview [ edit ] Suikan of a single color and plain fabric are used for less formal ones, and for lower ranked people. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) They are tied together with knots at the necks and shoulders. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In the late Heian period, various materials were used to make Suikan, including white linen (/wiki/Linen) , plain-colored cloth (/wiki/Cloth) , and tie-dyed (/wiki/Tie-dye) cloth. Warriors who became lower-ranked military officers of the court also wore Suikan, which gradually became a formal attire. From the Kamakura period (/wiki/Kamakura_period) to the Muromachi period (/wiki/Muromachi_period) , samurai wore Suikan as formal dress along with hunting clothes. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) It is made with a single body (no backstitching) with a rounded collar, similar to a hunter's robe. However, the collar is not fastened with a dragonfly, but with a string attached to the back center of the collar and the upper front edge of the collar. The breast and sleeves are decorated with chrysanthemum (/wiki/Chrysanthemum) ornaments. The long part pierced through is called "oohari," the short part "kohari," and the remainder below is called "dew". [5] (#cite_note-5) 。 The Suikan was typically worn in the banryo style, but a method was devised to wear it in the tari-kubi style with the collar folded inward. A braided cord was used to reinforce and decorate the garment, and the wearer would typically wear a kuboshi hat and kukuri hakama with the Suikan. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Various materials have been used for making Suikan, such as hemp (/wiki/Hemp) cloth, plain silk (/wiki/Silk) , twill (/wiki/Twill) , and gauze (/wiki/Gauze) . Fancier ones are made entirely of silk. The hem of the Suikan is tied together with a braided cord to prevent fraying, and tucked into the hakama (/wiki/Hakama) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Some suikan have kikutoji for decoration. They make the clothing stronger at certain points, and are often made of silk yarn. They look like pom-poms that have been flattened by ironing. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) See also [ edit ] Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Miko clothing (/wiki/Miko_clothing) Japanese Clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b R:Kokugo Dai Jiten ^ Jump up to: a b R:Daijirin ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Suikan" (https://ee0r.com/proj/suikan.html) . ee0r.com . Retrieved 2023-09-17 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e 第２版,世界大百科事典内言及, 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),精選版日本国語大辞典,百科事典マイペディア,ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典,デジタル大辞泉,旺文社日本史事典三訂版,世界大百科事典. "水干(すいかん)とは？意味や使い方" (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B2-82832) . コトバンク (in Japanese) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suikan&oldid=1202731866 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suikan&oldid=1202731866) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shinto religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Shinto_religious_clothing) Miko (/wiki/Category:Miko) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text)
Type of running sandal For other uses, see Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(disambiguation)) . Huaraches, laced up on the ground. Huaraches are an open type of outdoor footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , consisting of a sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) held to the wearer's foot by straps passing over the instep (/wiki/Instep) and around the ankle (/wiki/Ankle) . The common understanding is that these sandals were a variant of traditional Mexican huaraches (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) , the difference being in design and construction. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) These sandals are favoured by minimalist runners (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) for several reasons. They force the foot and the runner to run with a natural gait. They also help protect the foot from glass, gravel, and other debris. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) In Christopher McDougall (/wiki/Christopher_McDougall) 's book Born to Run (/wiki/Born_to_Run:_A_Hidden_Tribe,_Superathletes,_and_the_Greatest_Race_the_World_Has_Never_Seen) , the author describes the Rarámuri (/wiki/Rar%C3%A1muri) of the Mexican Copper Canyons (/wiki/Copper_Canyon) teaching a fellow runner how to build huaraches. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) There is also well-known model of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) running shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) [2] (#cite_note-nike.com-2) of the same name, which however is not a huarache type of a shoe. Design [ edit ] Man running, wearing huaraches The primary design difference from traditional huaraches is in the straps that cover the front of the foot. In the traditional sandals, the straps are woven in an intricate design. In the variant used for running, the straps are much simpler and less ornate. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) Construction [ edit ] Huaraches were originally made from leather, and later from the tread (/wiki/Tire_tread) of used automobile tires. Since then, rubber manufactured as replacement outsole for shoes, such as the Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) Cherry, has been used. More recently, commercial manufacturers have created pre-cut rubber soles for the construction of huaraches. Additionally, some manufacturers create soles shaped to custom outlines of the wearer's feet. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) The laces (/wiki/Shoelaces) for huaraches are either synthetic, hemp or leather (/wiki/Leather) . Synthetic laces are usually made of polyester (/wiki/Polyester) or nylon (/wiki/Nylon) . Generally shoelaces are of narrow construction, and thin cordage similar to parachute cord (/wiki/Parachute_cord) is used. [1] (#cite_note-McDougall-1) See also [ edit ] Barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) Athletic shoe (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f McDougall, Christopher (2010). Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen . Profile Books. p. 304. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781861978776 . Retrieved 2012-02-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-nike.com_2-0) "Nike Huarache Shoes" (https://www.nike.com/w/huarache-shoes-adlt2zy7ok) . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . External links [ edit ] Christopher McDougall. "Are we born to run?" (https://www.ted.com/talks/christopher_mcdougall_are_we_born_to_run) . TED (/wiki/TED_(conference)) (video) . 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(/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter 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Kyriacos Demetriou Born ( 1916-04-14 ) April 14, 1916 Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) Died May 14, 1999 (1999-05-14) (aged 80) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Other names Mr. Kay Occupation Barber Years active 1930 - 1996 Employer Self-employed Known for Traditional barber services Kyriacos Demetriou ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Δημητρίου Κυριάκος, known as Mr. Kay) (April 14, 1919 – May 14, 1999) was a New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) barber (/wiki/Barber) known for his adherence to traditional practices within his craft. [1] (#cite_note-nytobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-ssdi-2) [3] (#cite_note-deseret-3) Mr. Kay was born in Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) , but his family moved to England (/wiki/England) when he was an infant. His family struggled financially, and he took up work as a shoeshine boy outside a barbershop on London (/wiki/London) 's West End (/wiki/West_End_of_London) . He became an apprentice to the proprietor, at first standing on a milk crate to cut. He won a national barber competition, and in the late 1930s he emigrated to New York. He worked at various places before taking over the Broadway Barbershop. [1] (#cite_note-nytobit-1) His business was on the west side of Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) 's Upper West Side (/wiki/Upper_West_Side) between 103rd and 104th Streets. Reputed to be the oldest in the city, it was founded in 1904. Mr. Kay took over in the early 1970s and ran it for almost 30 years until he retired in 1996. In addition to haircuts, he provided shaves with a straight razor (/wiki/Straight_razor) . He maintained his salon in keeping with traditional barber shops, and when he retired he refused offers to sell the interior and donated it instead to the Museum of the City of New York (/wiki/Museum_of_the_City_of_New_York) . [1] (#cite_note-nytobit-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Throughout the years, as his business increasingly became an anachronism, it was featured in articles, books, and art. He was featured at least twice in New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) cartoons, as a subject in a painting by Max Ferguson (/wiki/Max_Ferguson) , and in books about fading New York businesses. Mr. Kay claimed to have given Yul Brynner (/wiki/Yul_Brynner) his first shaved head, and to have cut the hair of presidents Harry Truman (/wiki/Harry_Truman) and Dwight D. Eisenhower (/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) , as well as that of actor Humphrey Bogart (/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart) , the composers Aaron Copland (/wiki/Aaron_Copland) and George Gershwin (/wiki/George_Gershwin) . He had an appearance on Sesame Street (/wiki/Sesame_Street) . He took a particular interest in the families he served. He worked six days a week, did not post his prices, refused to take appointments, and made customers wait, often standing in line outside his shop. [5] (#cite_note-nymag-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) A mainstay on the Upper West Side through the years, he was also known for his daily exchange with a passerby who would knock on his door on his way home from work: [1] (#cite_note-nytobit-1) "Hello." "Hello, Mr. Wilson. How are you today?" "Miserable. Miserable." References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kaufman, Michael T. (2010-05-18). "Kyriacos Demetriou, Barber Wedded to Tradition, Dies at 80" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/18/nyregion/kyriacos-demetriou-barber-wedded-to-tradition-dies-at-80.html) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-ssdi_2-0) "Social Security Death Index" (https://ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com) . Retrieved 2010-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-deseret_3-0) Stewart, Barbara (1996-10-13). "An Era of Straight Razors and Classical Style Ends" (http://www.deseretnews.com/article/518838/AN-ERA-OF-STRAIGHT-RAZORS-AND-CLASSICAL-STYLE-ENDS.html) . Deseret News . New York Times News Service . Retrieved 2010-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Alexander, Ron (1990-08-01). "Metropolitan Diary" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/01/garden/metropolitan-diary-700190.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-nymag_5-0) Kolker, Robert (1999-05-31). "Good-bye, Mr. Snips" (http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/1105/) . New York Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Coleman, Chrisena (1996-08-26). "He Sez Thanx a Lock Barber Gives Shop to City Museum" (http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1996/08/28/1996-08-28_he_sez_thanx_a_lock___barber.html) . New York Daily News (/wiki/New_York_Daily_News) . Retrieved 2010-12-29 . 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Italian luggage manufacturer For the given name, see Fränzi (/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nzi) . Valigeria Franzi The premises of the company in 1909 Company type private company listed company (/wiki/Listed_company) 1905–1909 Industry leather goods (/wiki/Leather_goods) Founded 1864, Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Founder Rocco Franzi Defunct 1998 Fate closed Headquarters Milan , Italy Products leather luggage The Valigeria Franzi was an Italian (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) manufacturer of leather (/wiki/Leather) bags and luggage (/wiki/Luggage) founded in Milan (/wiki/Milan) in 1864 by Rocco Franzi. [1] (#cite_note-guolo-1) : 21 [2] (#cite_note-beppe-2) : 234 By the early 20th century, it was a supplier to royalty and nobility. [1] (#cite_note-guolo-1) : 21 It was listed on the Milan stock exchange (/wiki/Milan_stock_exchange) from 1905 to 1909. [2] (#cite_note-beppe-2) : 233 Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) worked for the company until he set up Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) in 1921. [3] (#cite_note-vogue-3) The company mostly used English leather, but also produced some at the Conceria Monzese in Monza (/wiki/Monza) , which it owned. This was marketed as "Cuoio Franzi". [2] (#cite_note-beppe-2) : 234 In 1967 Franzi manufactured a suitcase (/wiki/Suitcase) , "Partner", designed by Cini Boeri (/wiki/Cini_Boeri) and made from two half-shells of aluminium (/wiki/Aluminium) and ABS resin (/wiki/ABS_resin) . [4] (#cite_note-col-4) : 64 [5] (#cite_note-moma-5) The company went into liquidation (/wiki/Liquidation) in 1978, and a new company, Oreste Franzi & Co. , was set up. It finally closed in 1998. [2] (#cite_note-beppe-2) : 233 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Andrea Guolo, Amato Santi (2007). La borsa... racconta: storia e protagonisti di mezzo secolo di pelletteria (in Italian). Milano: F. Angeli. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788846485144 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788846485144) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Giuseppe De Luca (2002). Le società quotate alla Borsa valori di Milano dal 1861 al 2000: profili storici e titoli azionari (in Italian). Milano: Libri Scheiwiller. ^ (#cite_ref-vogue_3-0) Guccio Gucci (http://www.vogue.it/news/encyclo/stilisti/g/guccio-gucci) . Vogue Encyclo. Accessed May 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-col_4-0) Colin Naylor (1990). Contemporary Designers . Chicago: St. James Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780912289694 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912289694) . ^ (#cite_ref-moma_5-0) Cini Boeri: Suitcase, 1966 (https://www.moma.org/collection/works/1395?locale=en) . New York: The Museum of Modern Art. Accessed May 2017. 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franzi&oldid=1144443206 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franzi&oldid=1144443206) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Luggage manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Luggage_manufacturers) Defunct manufacturing companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Defunct_manufacturing_companies_of_Italy) Defunct leather manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Defunct_leather_manufacturers) Manufacturing companies established in 1864 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1864) Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_disestablished_in_1998) Companies formerly listed on the Borsa Italiana (/wiki/Category:Companies_formerly_listed_on_the_Borsa_Italiana) Italian companies established in 1864 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1864) Italian companies disestablished in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_disestablished_in_1998) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2017) Use list-defined references from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_list-defined_references_from_May_2017) Use British English from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2017)
Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐pdtpd Cached time: 20240714070223 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.039 seconds Real time usage: 0.050 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 696/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.021/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 630294/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 40.929 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 40.929 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60710595-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714070223 and revision id 896179364. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Japanese cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Japanese_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (2 P) M Japanese milliners (/wiki/Category:Japanese_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Pages in category "Japanese businesspeople in fashion" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . R Roland (entertainer) (/wiki/Roland_(entertainer)) Y Tadashi Yanai (/wiki/Tadashi_Yanai) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Japanese_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896179364 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Japanese_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896179364) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Japanese businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:Japanese_businesspeople_by_industry) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Category:Japanese_fashion) Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion)
Modeling agency Ugly Models' logo Ugly Models is a London (/wiki/London) -based alternative modelling agency (/wiki/Modelling_agency) that specialises in character modelling. Owner Marc French says it is about "celebrating everyone's unique beauty" [ citation needed ] . Major clients include Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Levi's (/wiki/Levi%27s) , Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , and Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , with models appearing in film series such as Harry Potter (/wiki/Harry_Potter) , Pirates of the Caribbean (/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean) and James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) . Ugly Models are in official partnership with Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) and represents the world's tallest man, the world's most pierced woman and the world's most tattooed man. History [ edit ] Ugly was started in 1969 by Jill Searle to fill a gap in the modeling market for interesting faces. They placed an advert in a newspaper saying "If you've got an interesting face contact Ugly.", people poured in, and the agency took off after they received thousands of applicants from the outset. They created a niche for themselves in supplying advertisers with faces that are not traditionally beautiful to front its campaigns. In 1997, Marc French had the idea of creating an offshoot fashion agency within the company called Rage. Both Rage and Ugly work from the same office but Rage is about conventionally beautiful and 'girl or boy next door types'. Most of the Rage models are dancers, performers or extras. A three-part documentary series titled 'Britain's Ugliest Models' aired in 2010 on Channel 5 (/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)) . It was an in-depth, behind-the-scenes look at the agency which followed French and his team as they scouted for fresh talent to add to their books in the UK (/wiki/UK) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) . [1] (#cite_note-Guardian1-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] List of modeling agencies (/wiki/List_of_modeling_agencies) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian1_1-0) Jason Deans (29 January 2001). "Ugly models take to the catwalk in Channel 5 film" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/jan/29/channelfive.broadcasting) . The Guardian . London: Guardian News and Media Limited . Retrieved 15 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Marc French Interview: Ugly Modelling Agency Boss" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120718062332/http://channelhopping.onthebox.com/2009/10/29/marc-french-interview-ugly-modelling-agency-boss/) . channelhopping.onthebox.com . Archived from the original (http://channelhopping.onthebox.com/2009/10/29/marc-french-interview-ugly-modelling-agency-boss/) on 2012-07-18. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Speakuponline.it" (http://www.speakuponline.it/articolo/harry-potter-and-the-ugly-modelling-agency) . 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Indigenous fashion is the design and creation of high-fashion clothing and fashion accessories by Indigenous people, which employs Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6cc9f7fdd7‐nf454 Cached time: 20240715181359 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75294241-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715181359 and revision id 1186936325. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. D Indigenous fashion designers of the Americas (/wiki/Category:Indigenous_fashion_designers_of_the_Americas) ‎ (39 P) Pages in category "Indigenous fashion" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . I Indigenous fashion of the Americas (/wiki/Indigenous_fashion_of_the_Americas) N Native American fashion (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Indigenous_fashion&oldid=1186936325 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Indigenous_fashion&oldid=1186936325) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indigenous art (/wiki/Category:Indigenous_art)
Cosmetic wood paste worn in Madagascar, Comoros, and Mayotte A Malagasy woman wearing protective masonjoany and head-carrying (/wiki/Head-carrying) laundry A Malagasy girl in Nosy Be (/wiki/Nosy_Be) wearing ornamental masonjoany Masonjoany ( Malagasy pronunciation: [masund͡zuanʲ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy) ) (or msindanu or msindzano in Comoros (/wiki/Comoros) and Mayotte (/wiki/Mayotte) ) is a cosmetic (/wiki/Cosmetics) paste and sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) made of ground wood. It is worn as a protective and decorative mask by women and girls in Madagascar (/wiki/Madagascar) , Comoros, and Mayotte. In Madagascar, the paste has yellow and white forms, with yellow masonjoany being derived from the wood of the tabàky or Madagascar sandalwood ( Coptosperma (/wiki/Coptosperma) madagascarensis ), and white masonjoany deriving from the wood of the aviavy or fihamy tree ( Ficus (/wiki/Ficus) grevei ). [1] (#cite_note-1) In Comoros, the most commonly used tree for msindzano is Indian sandalwood (/wiki/Santalum_album) ( Santalum album ). [2] (#cite_note-2) The wood is ground against a surface of ceramic, stone, or coral (/wiki/Coral) skeleton, and combined with water and oil to make the paste. [3] (#cite_note-Mesa-2021-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The practice in Madagascar originates from cultural exchange (/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy) in Nosy Be (/wiki/Nosy_Be) between Malagasy (/wiki/Malagasy_people) natives and Indian (/wiki/Indians_in_Madagascar) merchants, who first arrived to the island in the 11th century CE. [5] (#cite_note-peacecorps-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Masonjoany is both protective and decorative: women wear it as sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) and insect repellent (/wiki/Insect_repellent) , and sometimes paint it in natural and abstract designs with a mix of contrasting white and yellow pastes. Common motifs in decorative masonjoany include flowers, stars, and leaves. [5] (#cite_note-peacecorps-5) Other benefits associated with masonjoany in Madagascar include anti-aging, eliminating skin impurities, and cleansing the skin. Other benefits ascribed in Comoros include the lightening of skin (/wiki/Skin_whitening) as well as treatment of medical ailments like eczema (/wiki/Dermatitis) , acne (/wiki/Acne) , and allergies (/wiki/Allergy) . [3] (#cite_note-Mesa-2021-3) A Malagasy woman wearing protective masonjoany Masonjoany in Madagascar is also worn for religious rituals (/wiki/Demographics_of_Madagascar) and beauty pageants. Molecular biologist Gianfranco Rasuelo reported that a Malagasy woman he had met on the street had told him that yellow masonjoany was spread on the faces of widows in mourning, but noted that this information is apocryphal. [3] (#cite_note-Mesa-2021-3) The paste is typical of Madagascar's Northwestern coastal region (/wiki/Regions_of_Madagascar) , particularly by Sakalava (/wiki/Sakalava) and Vezo (/wiki/Vezo) women in the provinces of Nosy Be (/wiki/Nosy_Be) , Antsiranana (/wiki/Antsiranana_Province) , and Toliara (/wiki/Toliara) —though it has spread throughout the island and can now be found adorning women's faces as far as the Central Highlands (/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Madagascar)) . [3] (#cite_note-Mesa-2021-3) The mask is ubiquitous throughout Mayotte, and is common, though waning in popularity, in Comoros. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Thanaka (/wiki/Thanaka) – Cosmetic paste made from ground bark, common in Myanmar Borak (cosmetic) (/wiki/Borak_(cosmetic)) – Cosmetic for sun protection Otjize (/wiki/Otjize) – Butterfat-ochre paste worn by Himba Culture of Mayotte (/wiki/Culture_of_Mayotte) Culture of Madagascar (/wiki/Culture_of_Madagascar) Women in Madagascar (/wiki/Women_in_Madagascar) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Niaina Casimir, Miray (2016). Valorisation du Ficus Grevei dans le domaine de la cosmétologie (in French). Univ Européenne. pp. 19, 78. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3841618337 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Misra, Biswapriya B.; Dey, Satyahari (12 November 2013). Biological Activities of East Indian Sandalwood Tree, Santalum album (https://peerj.com/preprints/96v1) (Report). PeerJ PrePrints. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Mesa, Camillo La; Ranalison, Oliarinony; Randriantseheno, Lovasoa N.; Risuleo, Gianfranco (27 July 2021). "Natural Products from Madagascar, Socio-Cultural Usage, and Potential Applications in Advanced Biomedicine: A Concise Review" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348691) . Molecules . 26 (15): 4507. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3390/molecules26154507 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules26154507) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1420-3049 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1420-3049) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8348691 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348691) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 34361660 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34361660) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Le premier masque de msindzano sans corail \|Parc naturel marin Mayotte" (https://parc-marin-mayotte.fr/actualites/le-premier-masque-de-msindzano-sans-corail) . parc-marin-mayotte.fr (in French) . Retrieved 30 July 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Painting on Tradition in Madagascar" (https://www.peacecorps.gov/madagascar/stories/painting-tradition-madagascar/) . www.peacecorps.gov . Retrieved 4 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Nunoo, Ama (28 September 2020). "Why women in the West and South of Madagascar paint their faces" (https://face2faceafrica.com/article/why-women-in-the-west-and-south-of-madagascar-paint-their-faces-with-this-miracle-mask12) . Face2Face Africa . Retrieved 6 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gade, Daniel W. (1996). "Deforestation and Its Effects in Highland Madagascar" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3674005) . Mountain Research and Development . 16 (2): 101–116. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3674005 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3674005) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0276-4741 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0276-4741) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Transmission intergénérationnelle de la préparation du Msindzano, masque de beauté au bois de santal" (https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/transmission-intergenerationnelle-preparation-du-msindzano-masque-beaute-au-bois-santal-497911.html) . Mayotte la 1ère (in French). 31 July 2017 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masonjoany&oldid=1222587570 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masonjoany&oldid=1222587570) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of the Comoros (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Comoros) Culture of Mayotte (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Mayotte) Culture of Madagascar (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Madagascar) Cosmetics (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics) Wood products (/wiki/Category:Wood_products) Culture of Africa (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Africa) African inventions (/wiki/Category:African_inventions) Skin care (/wiki/Category:Skin_care) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from August 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023) Pages with Malagasy IPA (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Malagasy_IPA)
Underwear for the upper body Example of a T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) to be worn as an undershirt and usually not as outerwear An undershirt in American English (/wiki/American_English) ( vest in British (/wiki/British_English) and South African (/wiki/South_African_English) English, banyan in the Indian Subcontinent (/wiki/Indian_English) , or singlet in Australia (/wiki/Australian_English) and New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_English) ), is an article of underwear (/wiki/Underwear) worn underneath a dress shirt (/wiki/Dress_shirt) so as to protect it from body sweat (/wiki/Sweat) and odors (/wiki/Body_odor) . More generally, the term refers to an upper-body garmet worn next to the skin (innerwear) by men. It can have short sleeves ( T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) ) or be sleeveless ( A-shirt (/wiki/A-shirt) ). An undershirt may be worn to protect the body from stiff or otherwise uncomfortable fabric. It also makes dress shirts less transparent (/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency) , to reduce the amount of sweat absorbed by the shirt's fabric. It can be worn during winter months as an extra layer of warmth, and reduces wear on the upper layers of clothing. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-aom-2) History [ edit ] Factory mass-produced undershirts became common in the West in the early 20th century, with innovations turning the union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) into two pieces, for upper and lower body. Types of undershirts [ edit ] An A-shirt (/wiki/A-shirt) A sleeveless undershirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt#Tank_top) , also known as an A-shirt, tank top, has large armholes, a large neck hole, and offers little protection for armpit sweat. A crew neck (/wiki/Crew_neck) T-shirt has a high neckline, often requiring fully buttoned shirts to avoid being seen. A V-neck T-shirt has a V-shaped neckline. A long sleeved T-shirt has long sleeves, and may be designed with extra insulation for use in cool weather. This type of shirt is also commonly worn under a work shirt in very hot desert climates to protect against intense sun. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Esquire: the handbook of style : a man's guide to looking good . New York, NY: Hearst Books. 2009-01-01. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781588167460 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 217263653 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/217263653) . ^ (#cite_ref-aom_2-0) Centeno, Antonio (28 June 2013). "A Man's Guide to Undershirts: History, Styles, and Which to Wear" (https://www.artofmanliness.com/articles/mans-guide-to-undershirts/) . The Art of Manliness . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211206211938/https://www.artofmanliness.com/style/clothing/mans-guide-to-undershirts/) from the original on 6 December 2021 . Retrieved 28 January 2020 . v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess 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briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) safari (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)) Lab coat (/wiki/White_coat) Parka (/wiki/Parka) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal 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Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Men's undergarments (/wiki/Undergarment) Upper body Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) (A-shirt / singlet / tank top) T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) Henley shirt (/wiki/Henley_shirt) Undershirt Telnyashka (/wiki/Telnyashka) Lower body Boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) Boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) Briefs (/wiki/Briefs) (slip / Y-fronts) Compression shorts (/wiki/Compression_shorts) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Jockstrap (/wiki/Jockstrap) (athletic supporter) Pantyhose for men (/wiki/Pantyhose_for_men) Swim trunks (/wiki/Swim_trunks) Thong (/wiki/Thong#Men's_thongs) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Willy warmer (/wiki/Willy_warmer) Full body Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) (long johns) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Hosiery Compression stockings (/wiki/Compression_stockings) Leggings 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Danish fashion designer Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard Born Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark Education Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (/wiki/Scandinavian_Academy_of_Fashion_Design) Occupation Fashion designer Website louiselynghbjerregaard (https://louiselynghbjerregaard.net/) .net (https://louiselynghbjerregaard.net/) Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard is a fashion designer based in Paris [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) known for blurring the boundaries between couture and ready-to-wear. [3] (#cite_note-3) Biography [ edit ] Bjerregaard was born in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , the youngest child in her family. She studied tailoring at the Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (/wiki/Scandinavian_Academy_of_Fashion_Design) in Copenhagen and interned with designers Dennis Lyngsø (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Lyngs%C3%B8) , Anne Sofie Madsen (/wiki/Anne_Sofie_Madsen) , Asger Juel Larsen (https://www.woolmarkprize.com/designers/asger-juel-larsen/) and Mike Eckhaus (/wiki/Eckhaus_Latta) at Eckhaus Latta (/wiki/Eckhaus_Latta) . She started out in fashion by working on a project with Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) [4] (#cite_note-4) and in 2015 she attended a course on knitwear at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) in London. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Bjerregaard launched her namesake womanswear brand in 2019. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Her work has been featured at a number of institutions including Maison du Danemark (/wiki/Danish_House_in_Paris) , [9] (#cite_note-9) the National Gallery of Denmark (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Denmark) , and Moderna Museet Malmö (/wiki/Moderna_Museet_Malm%C3%B6) . [10] (#cite_note-10) ‍She is best known for her textile expertise and artistic knitwear (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) , [11] (#cite_note-11) although in an interview with Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) , Bjerregaard stated that she "felt the need to break out of the knitwear label that’s been put on her name", asserting that her brand was not a knitwear label. [12] (#cite_note-12) Her brand is also known for its zero-waste policy (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) and sustainability. [13] (#cite_note-13) Bjerregaard had her runway debut in 2021 during Couture Week in Paris [14] (#cite_note-14) with supermodel May Andersen (/wiki/May_Andersen) walking the show. A few months later she debuted digital at Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) in August 2021. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [15] (#cite_note-15) Earlier that year, she was shortlisted as finalist at the 2021 Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) Sustainability Awards [16] (#cite_note-16) and the 2021 Magasin du Nord Fashion Prize (/wiki/Magasin_du_Nord_Fashion_Prize) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In March 2022 Bjerregaard debuted her first ready-to-wear collection with Ella Snyder (https://www.papermag.com/ella-snyder-diesel-2658421742.html#rebelltitem2) walking the runway. Same year she was nominated as "Name of the Year" at the ELLE Awards (https://www.elle.dk/mode/elle-awards/elle-awards-2022-her-er-alle-de-nominerede) . In February 2023 she debuted her first artisanal ready-to-wear collection during Paris Fashion Week and caused an intentional stir with people not being able to photograph the collection. [18] (#cite_note-18) Included in her cast was BoF500 model (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/aweng-chuol) Aweng Ade-Chuol (/wiki/Aweng_Ade-Chuol) . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.louiselynghbjerregaard.net/) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) TyGaskins. "Meet Emerging Danish Knitwear Designer Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard" (https://graziamagazine.com/us/articles/emerging-copenhagen-designer-louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-debut-collection-interview-review/) . Grazia USA . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard discusses her Spring/Summer 2022 collection" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-on-knitting-her-own-fashion-path) . www.voguescandinavia.com . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) AGUT, MARIA HRISTINA. "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard: "even though you have full transparency, things can still be intriguing" (https://www.lampoonmagazine.com/article/2022/02/22/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard/) " (https://www.lampoonmagazine.com/article/2022/02/22/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard/) . Lampoon Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet Emerging Danish Knitwear Designer Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard" (https://graziamagazine.com/us/articles/emerging-copenhagen-designer-louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-debut-collection-interview-review/) . Grazia USA . 2021-08-13 . Retrieved 2023-03-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard discusses her Spring/Summer 2022 collection" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-on-knitting-her-own-fashion-path) . www.voguescandinavia.com . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Davis, Jessica (2021-08-10). "You need to know about these emerging Copenhagen fashion designers" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/a37256396/copenhagen-fashion-week-emerging-designers/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "5 new Scandi brands to know at Copenhagen Fashion Week SS22" (https://vogue.sg/new-scandi-brands-ss22/) . Vogue Singapore . 2021-08-12 . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "LOUISE LYNGH BJERREGAARD - NOUVEAU TALENT - La couture" (https://la-couture.com/blog/2021/09/21/brolouise-lyngh-bjerregaard-aut-hiver-2021-22uillon-auto/) . la-couture.com (in French). 2021-09-20 . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Exhibition" (https://www.maisondudanemark.dk/en/category/exhibitions/page/2/) . Maison du Danemark . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "For a Fragile Moment" (https://www.modernamuseet.se/malmo/en/event/for-a-fragile-moment/) . Moderna Museet i Malmö . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Kendall, Zoë (2020-04-13). "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard is creating a new language with knitwear" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/m7qy4y/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-is-creating-a-new-language-with-knitwear) . i-D . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dazed (2021-08-17). "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard is weaving a sensual new language for the body" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/53855/1/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-is-knitting-a-sensual-new-language-for-the-body) . Dazed . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Interview: Designer Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard On Expanding Definitions Of Knitwear" (https://somethingcurated.com/2021/02/22/interview-designer-louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-on-expanding-definitions-of-knitwear/) . Something Curated . 2021-02-22 . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Figaro, Madame (2021-07-08). "Défilé LOUISE LYNGH BJERREGAARD automne-hiver 2021-2022 Couture" (https://madame.lefigaro.fr/defiles/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard/automne-hiver-2021-2022/haute-couture-0/197352) . Madame Figaro . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard Spring Summer 2022 collection" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard-runway-ss22) . www.voguescandinavia.com . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Zalando: Zalando Launches New Sustainability Award at Copenhagen Fashion Week \| Zalando Corporate" (https://corporate.zalando.com/en/newsroom/news-stories/zalando-launches-new-sustainability-award-copenhagen-fashion-week) . corporate.zalando.com . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Louise Lyngh Bjerregaard \| Magasin du Nord Fashion Prize" (https://www.magasinfashionprize.com/subject/louise-lyngh-bjerregaard/) . www.magasinfashionprize.com . Retrieved 2021-12-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Cinq jeunes créatrices qui ont secoué la Fashion Week de Paris - Les Inrocks" (https://www.lesinrocks.com/ou-est-le-cool/cinq-jeunes-creatrices-qui-ont-secoue-la-fashion-week-de-paris-545615-16-03-2023/) . www.lesinrocks.com/ (in French) . Retrieved 2023-03-23 . 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British disc jockey and house music producer Rachel Auburn Born 1957 (age 66–67) [1] (#cite_note-NGV-1) Origin London [2] (#cite_note-2) Genres trance (/wiki/Trance_music) , hard house (/wiki/UK_hard_house) Occupation(s) disc jockey (/wiki/Disc_jockey) , record producer (/wiki/Record_producer) , fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Labels Tidy Trax (/wiki/Tidy_Trax) , React (/wiki/React_Music_Limited) Musical artist Rachel Auburn (born 1957) is a British fashion designer and hard house (/wiki/UK_hard_house) and trance (/wiki/Trance_music) disc jockey and music producer. She has performed her music extensively internationally, and was both the first female DJ to play in China and the first to showcase 1980s London clubland fashion in New York and Tokyo. [3] (#cite_note-dac-3) Auburn has held DJ residencies at club events including Tidy Trax (/wiki/Tidy_Trax) , Taboo, and Trade (/wiki/Trade_(nightclub)) , and has achieved UK chart success (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) under her own name and the Tidy Girls and Candy Girls aliases. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-OCC-5) Biography [ edit ] Auburn is known for her "unconventional" and "experimental" fashion designs. She first set up a stall in Kensington Market (/wiki/Kensington_Market) in 1982, and went on to be a significant presence as both a designer and a disc jockey in London's clubland. She first met Leigh Bowery (/wiki/Leigh_Bowery) at the market, and together they went on to open a stall together called 'Spend Spend Spend' and were the first to showcase the 1980s London clubland fashion scene in New York and Tokyo organised by Susanne Bartsch (/wiki/Susanne_Bartsch) . [3] (#cite_note-dac-3) [6] (#cite_note-dac2-6) Auburn has work in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) , [1] (#cite_note-NGV-1) and was featured in the 2013 exhibition, Club to Catwalk , at the Victoria and Albert museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_museum) . [6] (#cite_note-dac2-6) Auburn was in the Tidy Girls, a Tidy Trax (/wiki/Tidy_Trax) hard house collaboration with Lisa Lashes (/wiki/Lisa_Lashes) , Anne Savage (/wiki/Anne_Savage_(DJ)) , and Lisa Pin-Up (/wiki/Lisa_Pin-Up) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The Tidy Girls eponymous release achieved success in the UK official singles chart (/wiki/Official_Singles_Chart) in 1999. [8] (#cite_note-mag2-8) [9] (#cite_note-girls-9) In 2015 Auburn mixed the retrospective best-of compilation Reactivate 91-01 (/wiki/Reactivate) for the React (/wiki/React_Music_Limited) record label. It received positive critical reception, with one reviewer stating that, for the label React, it was "by far their best compilation". [10] (#cite_note-dec-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Discography [ edit ] Singles [ edit ] Rachel Auburn singles Title Artist Year Peak UK Singles (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) Peak UK Dance (/wiki/UK_Dance_Singles_and_Albums_Charts) Fee Fi Fo Fum [13] (#cite_note-OCC2-13) Candy Girls 1995 23 1 Wham Bam [13] (#cite_note-OCC2-13) Candy Girls ft Sweet Pussy Pauline (/wiki/Sweet_Pussy_Pauline) 1996 20 5 I Want Candy (/wiki/I_Want_Candy) [13] (#cite_note-OCC2-13) Candy Girls 1996 30 12 Machine Man [5] (#cite_note-OCC-5) Rachel Auburn 1997 38 Tidy Girls EP [5] (#cite_note-OCC-5) Rachel Auburn/ Lisa Lashes (/wiki/Lisa_Lashes) 1999 96 31 Coming On Strong/Screwdriver [5] (#cite_note-OCC-5) Signum (/wiki/Signum_(musical_group)) /Rachel Auburn 2006 25 Albums [ edit ] Rachel Auburn albums Title Artist Year Peak UK Comp (/wiki/UK_Compilation_Chart) Reactivate ’91 – ‘01 (/wiki/Reactivate) [10] (#cite_note-dec-10) Various, mixed by Rachel Auburn 2015 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "RACHEL AUBURN" (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/22422/) . National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221119135019/https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/22422/) from the original on 19 November 2022 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rouse, Rose (9 April 2006). "The Ex Files" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2006/apr/09/features.woman9) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160306181047/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2006/apr/09/features.woman9) from the original on 6 March 2016 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . Rachel Auburn, 47, is a yoga teacher and bestselling DJ. She has a son, Jack, from a previous relationship. She is now single and lives in London. ^ Jump up to: a b Burley, Isabella (5 February 2013). "Cult VIP: Rachel Auburn" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/15548/1/cult-vip-rachel-auburn) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221129135148/https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/15548/1/cult-vip-rachel-auburn) from the original on 29 November 2022 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Trax, Nicky. "RACHEL AUBURN" (http://www.dmcworld.net/features/rachel-auburn/) . DMC World (/wiki/DMC_World) . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "RACHEL AUBURN Songs" (https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/1721/rachel-auburn/) . Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406115807/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/1721/rachel-auburn/) from the original on 6 April 2023 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Casely-Hayford, Alice (10 July 2013). "Club to Catwalk: London Fashion in the 1980s" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/16599/1/club-to-catwalk-london-fashion-in-the-1980s) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231204005832/https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/16599/1/club-to-catwalk-london-fashion-in-the-1980s) from the original on 4 December 2023 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Hard house" (https://www.proquest.com/magazines/hard-house/docview/2626963547/se-2) . Future Music . March 2022. On 1999's Tidy Girls EP, four of the leading ladies of hard house - Rachel Auburn, Lisa Lashes, Anne Savage and Lisa Pin-Up - collaborated with Tidy Boys' Amadeus Mozart and Andy Pickles for a stone cold classic. ^ (#cite_ref-mag2_8-0) Roberts, Joe (14 July 2021). "How Tidy Trax embodies the loud, proud spirit of Northern hard house" (https://djmag.com/longreads/how-tidy-trax-embodies-loud-proud-spirit-northern-hard-house) . DJ Mag (/wiki/DJ_Mag) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230204140433/https://djmag.com/longreads/how-tidy-trax-embodies-loud-proud-spirit-northern-hard-house) from the original on 4 February 2023 . Retrieved 27 January 2024 . "We made a couple of the very first bounce tracks," he says, referencing 1999's 'Tidy Girls' EP, which they wrote with Lisa Lashes and Rachel Auburn. ^ (#cite_ref-girls_9-0) "TIDY GIRLS EP" (https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/rachel-auburnlisa-lashes-tidy-girls-ep/) . Official Charts (/wiki/Official_Charts) . 1999. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240127142643/https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/rachel-auburnlisa-lashes-tidy-girls-ep/) from the original on 27 January 2024 . Retrieved 27 January 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pell, Damion (28 October 2015). "Relive your raving days from 91 – 2001 with the seminal brand Reactivate featuring Jam & Spoon, Jones & Stephenson, John '00' Fleming, The Age Of Love and more" (https://www.decodedmagazine.com/reactivate-91-01/) . Decoded Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210423150600/https://www.decodedmagazine.com/reactivate-91-01/) from the original on 23 April 2021 . Retrieved 10 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Todd, Chris (23 November 2015). " (https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/relive-the-poppers-drenched-history-of-hard-dance-music-with-this-comprehen) "Reactivate Classics '91 - '01" (https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/relive-the-poppers-drenched-history-of-hard-dance-music-with-this-comprehen) " (https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/relive-the-poppers-drenched-history-of-hard-dance-music-with-this-comprehen) . The Line of Best Fit . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151230170205/http://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/relive-the-poppers-drenched-history-of-hard-dance-music-with-this-comprehen) from the original on 30 December 2015 . Retrieved 10 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) McMonagle, Mickey (29 November 2015). "REACTIVATE THE YEARS 91-01: ALBUM" (https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/reactivate-years-91-01/docview/1737064577/se-2) . Sunday Mail (/wiki/Sunday_Mail_(Scotland)) . Mixed by Rachel Auburn, it's a work of art - proper dance music. Buy it. ^ Jump up to: a b c "CANDY GIRLS Songs" (https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/85/candy-girls/) . Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230702141229/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/85/candy-girls) from the original on 2 July 2023 . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . External links [ edit ] Rachel Auburn (https://www.discogs.com/artist/8337) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Rachel Auburn (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000384110) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Rachel Auburn (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1625913/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000406683260) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/629a960d-3783-45ca-989c-bcc8a262e777) Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/22422/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6ffd65f7b4‐kwb6g Cached time: 20240714133741 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.499 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1932/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39969/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 57706/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.256/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5992773/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 466.062 1 -total 33.47% 155.975 1 Template:Reflist 25.87% 120.580 10 Template:Cite_web 21.37% 99.617 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 18.21% 84.867 1 Template:Authority_control 17.94% 83.599 1 Template:Infobox 15.43% 71.920 2 Template:Short_description 9.25% 43.115 4 Template:Pagetype 6.77% 31.554 2 Template:Br_separated_entries 4.81% 22.408 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76082121-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714133741 and revision id 1234459361. 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French fashion store company For people named Promod, see Promod (given name) (/wiki/Promod_(given_name)) . Promod Promod store on Champs-Élysées (/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es) , Paris. Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1975 ; 49 years ago ( 1975 ) Founder Francis Charles Pollet Headquarters Marcq-en-Baroeul (/wiki/Marcq-en-Baroeul) , France Number of locations 517 (April 2022) [1] (#cite_note-1) Area served France Belgium Luxembourg Switzerland Key people Julien Pollet Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 342 million (2020) [2] (#cite_note-2) Owner Pollet family Number of employees 2,074 (2019) Website www (https://www.promod.com/) .promod (https://www.promod.com/) .com (https://www.promod.com/) Promod is a French women's ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) retailer operating in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The clothing brand can be found in their own shops, or in concessions inside larger retail shops. [3] (#cite_note-3) Promod was founded as a family boutique (/wiki/Boutique) in 1975 by Francis-Charles Pollet, one of the heirs of the founder of La Redoute (/wiki/La_Redoute) where he spent the first part of his career. [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand established exclusively in France and Belgium until 1990, when started to develop more internationally and opened a subsidiary in Spain, followed by others mainly in Europe. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2014, Promod had over 1,066 stores in 52 countries with gross sales exceeded 1 billion euros. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2016, a decline in the profitability of foreign operations led the company to eliminate 130 jobs and close international franchise partnerships that led to the closure of about 500 stores mainly in Europe, which accounted for half of the total number of Promod stores. [7] (#cite_note-7) In September 2018, Patrice Lepoutre left the management of the group in favor of Julien Pollet. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2024, Promod opens a boutique-laboratory combining second-hand goods, unsold items, sewing kits as well as workshops to introduce people to sewing and upcycling. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Our Promod stores: quickly find a list of Promod stores, their opening hours and access map" (https://stores.promod.com/en/shops/tous-nos-magasins) . promod.com . Retrieved 18 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "PROMOD (MARCQ-EN-BAROEUL) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM - 685420606" (https://www.societe.com/societe/promod-685420606.html) . societe.com . Retrieved 18 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) White, Garry (17 August 2013). "Debenhams strikes deal with French fashion giant Promod" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10250150/Debenhams-strikes-deal-with-French-fashion-giant-Promod.html) . Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Francis-Charles Pollet (Promod)" (http://www.capital.fr/a-la-une/classement-des-francais-les-plus-riches/fiches/francis-charles-pollet-943243) . Capital.fr . Retrieved 6 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Le prêt-à-porter en difficulté mise sur Internet" (http://www.lesechosdelafranchise.com/developper-reseau-franchise/structurer-reseau-franchise/internet-nouvelles-technologies/le-pret-a-porter-en-difficulte-mise-sur-internet-27708.php) . lesechosdelafranchise.com . Retrieved 18 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Promod has chosen hipay online payment solution for its Polish e-commerce website" (https://www.adux.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/1970/01/20140318-422-EN.pdf) (PDF) . adux.com . 18 March 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Exclusif : Promod supprime 133 emplois dans le Nord" (http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/economie/exclusif-promod-supprime-133-emplois-dans-le-nord-ia0b0n3446148) . lavoixdunord.fr . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Promod : Julien Pollet accède à la présidence du groupe" (https://www.lsa-conso.fr/promod-julien-pollet-accede-a-la-presidence-du-groupe,296486) . lsa-conso.fr . Retrieved 19 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Promod ouvre une boutique-laboratoire mixant seconde main, invendus, kits couture et ateliers" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Promod-ouvre-une-boutique-laboratoire-mixant-seconde-main-invendus-kits-couture-et-ateliers,1626035.html) . Fashion Network . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Promod (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Promod) . 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American sportswear designer (1913–1990) Tom Brigance Tom Brigance, c.1951 Born Thomas Franklin Brigance ( 1913-02-04 ) 4 February 1913 Waco, Texas (/wiki/Waco,_Texas) Died 14 October 1990 (1990-10-14) (aged 77) New York City Nationality American Known for American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Awards Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) , 1953 Thomas Franklin Brigance (February 4, 1913 – October 14, 1990) was a Texan-born New York–based fashion designer noted for his work in sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-arnoldbrig-2) As a house designer for Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) , Brigance was best known for bathing costumes and play clothes, and for his clever use of flattering details such as pleats and darts. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [3] (#cite_note-life-3) During the 1930s Brigance was a rare example of a male working in the female-dominated world of American sportswear design. [2] (#cite_note-arnoldbrig-2) In the late 1930s, he was regularly mentioned alongside Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) as a leading name in mid-range priced sportswear. [2] (#cite_note-arnoldbrig-2) Like Potter, Brigance was skilled at designing smart, fashionable clothing which could easily be mass-produced, making his work attractive to manufacturers as well as to customers. [2] (#cite_note-arnoldbrig-2) After serving in the Army during the Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) , Brigance resumed designing for Lord & Taylor and for Charles W. Nudelman; branching out into a wider range of garments, including suits, coats, and formal wear. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [3] (#cite_note-life-3) [4] (#cite_note-martin-4) He was known for his clever use of unusually textured and/or unexpected fabrics, such as a flannel (/wiki/Flannel) swimsuit, and in 1953, reportedly designed over half of the textiles in his collections himself. [3] (#cite_note-life-3) In 1953 Brigance was awarded the Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for his designs. [3] (#cite_note-life-3) Brigance continued designing during the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on swimwear for various companies. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) One of his swimsuit designs for Gabar, produced before his retirement in the late 1970s, was still a best-selling design for the company in 1990. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) He died in New York in 1990. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Schiro, Anne-Marie (18 October 1990). "Thomas F. Brigance Dies at 70; Designed Sophisticated Swimwear" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/18/obituaries/thomas-f-brigance-dies-at-70-designed-sophisticated-swimwear.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Arnold, Rebecca (2008). The American look : fashion, sportswear, and the image of women in 1930s and 1940s New York . London: I. B. Tauris. pp. 9, 107, 120–122. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781860647635 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Staff writer (28 September 1953). "A Bonus for Brigance" (https://books.google.com/books?id=7UcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA77) . LIFE . pp. 77–79 . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-martin_4-0) Martin, Richard (1998). American ingenuity : sportswear, 1930s - 1970s . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 79. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780870998638 . v t e American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) 20th century sportswear designers Adri (/wiki/Adrienne_Steckling-Coen) Bill Atkinson (/wiki/Bill_Atkinson_(designer)) Louella Ballerino (/wiki/Louella_Ballerino) Jhane Barnes (/wiki/Jhane_Barnes) Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) Tom Brigance Donald Brooks (/wiki/Donald_Brooks) Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) Jeanne Campbell (/wiki/Jeanne_S._Campbell) Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) Muriel King (/wiki/Muriel_King) Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Tina Leser (/wiki/Tina_Leser) Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) Clovis Ruffin (/wiki/Clovis_Ruffin) Giorgio di Sant' Angelo (/wiki/Giorgio_di_Sant%27_Angelo) Carolyn Schnurer (/wiki/Carolyn_Schnurer) Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) Emily Wilkens (/wiki/Emily_Wilkens) Sydney Wragge (/wiki/Sydney_Wragge) Zoran (/wiki/Zoran_(designer)) 21st century sportswear designers Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) Mary Ping (/wiki/Mary_Ping) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Notable designs Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Other associated people Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) Dorothy Shaver (/wiki/Dorothy_Shaver) See also The American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/5273155226760284490005) External links [ edit ] Tom Brigance collection, 1930s-1960s (bulk 1960-1978) (https://library.metmuseum.org/record=b1752339~S1,) from The Irene Lewisohn Costume Reference Library at The Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 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Hong Kong–based digital media company Hypebeast Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) SEHK (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) : 150 (https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=150&sc_lang=en) Industry Media Retail E-commerce Entertainment Founded 2005 Founder Kevin Ma (/wiki/Kevin_Ma) Headquarters Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Website hypebeast (https://hypebeast.ltd/) .ltd (https://hypebeast.ltd/) Hypebeast is a Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) -listed company that focuses on contemporary culture and lifestyle. [1] (#cite_note-Zhang_Zhang_2019-1) [2] (#cite_note-Forbes_2019-2) It was originally founded in 2005 by Kevin Ma (/wiki/Kevin_Ma) as a sneaker blog. Over the years, Hypebeast has expanded into other industries such as fashion, art, music, e-commerce, golf, and more. [3] (#cite_note-fastcompany-3) Hypebeast's three major divisions are Hypemedia, its online editorial and social media platforms; Hypemaker, an in-house creative production agency; [4] (#cite_note-Hamanaka_Hamanaka_2017-4) and HBX, a retail platform. [5] (#cite_note-Ferere_2022-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Chitrakorn_Chitrakorn_2022-7) In addition to the Hypebeast media platform, which is in multiple languages, there are also Hypebae and Popbee for women, Hypeart for art and Hypegolf for golf. In 2012, Hypebeast launched its print magazine, Hypebeast magazine. History [ edit ] Hypebeast was originally started as a sneaker blog in 2005 by Kevin Ma (/wiki/Kevin_Ma) . [8] (#cite_note-Torre_2021-8) In 2012, the lifestyle, digital and streetwear focused site entered the retail sphere as HBX, selling fashion editor favourites. In 2017, it launched its creative agency, Hypemaker. [4] (#cite_note-Hamanaka_Hamanaka_2017-4) In 2018, the company organized a 2-day cultural festival called Hypefest in New York City. [9] (#cite_note-wwdjapan-9) In 2019, Hypebeast was transferred to the Main Board in the HKEX (/wiki/HKEX) . [1] (#cite_note-Zhang_Zhang_2019-1) In 2020, Hypebeans, a café, was opened in the HBX Hong Kong store. [10] (#cite_note-Lung_2020-10) In 2022, the HBX New York flagship store was opened in Chinatown, New York (/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan) . [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2022, the Hypegolf Shop opened in Japan. [12] (#cite_note-WWDJAPAN_2022-12) [13] (#cite_note-Dong_2022-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Recognition [ edit ] 2008: Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine's 50 best websites [15] (#cite_note-Time_2008-15) 2017: Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) 's most innovative companies [16] (#cite_note-Fast_Company_2000-16) 2018: Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) Asia 's 200 Best Under A Billion list [17] (#cite_note-Settimi_2018-17) See also [ edit ] Streetwear § Hypebeast culture (/wiki/Streetwear#Hypebeast_culture) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Zhang, Tianwei (2019-03-01). "Hypebeast Moves Onto Main Board of Hong Kong Stock Exchange" (https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/hypebeast-moves-onto-main-board-of-hong-kong-stock-exchange-1203065697/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_2019_2-0) "Hypebeast" (https://www.forbes.com/companies/hypebeast/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . 2019-08-14 . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-fastcompany_3-0) Zax, David (Feb 27, 2012). "Fast Talk: How This 'Sneakerhead' Built A Major Online Magazine" (https://www.fastcompany.com/1819814/fast-talk-how-sneakerhead-built-major-online-magazine) . Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) . Retrieved April 5, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hamanaka, Kari (2017-10-13). "True Religion Enlists Hypebeast Ltd.'s Hypemaker Arm to Help Launch Capsule" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/denim/hypebeast-to-help-true-religion-launch-capsule-11027140/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ferere_2022_5-0) Ferere, Cassell (2022-06-17). "Hypebeast Opens HBX, Its First Retail Space And Ecosystem Of Streetwear" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/cassellferere/2022/06/17/hypebeast-opens-hbx-its-first-retail-space-and-ecosystem-of-streetwear/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cherelus, Gina (2022-06-14). "Will Hypebeasts Shop at the Hypebeast Store?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/14/style/hypebeast-hq-chinatown.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Chitrakorn_Chitrakorn_2022_7-0) Chitrakorn, Kati (2022-06-14). "Can streetwear media brands really sell clothes?" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/can-streetwear-media-brands-hypebeast-highsnobiety-really-sell-clothes) . Vogue Business . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Torre_2021_8-0) Torre, Vincenzo La (2021-07-08). "Hypebeast founder Kevin Ma on golf – his latest passion – how the fun has been sucked out of sneaker collecting, and the secret to the streetwear company's continued growth" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/article/3139867/hypebeast-founder-kevin-ma-golf-his-latest-passion-how-fun) . South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2022-08-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwdjapan_9-0) "「ハイプビースト」創業者が明かすメディア誕生秘話とNYの「ハイプフェスト」" (https://www.wwdjapan.com/articles/691648) . WWDJAPAN.com (in Japanese). 2018-09-17 . Retrieved 2021-01-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lung_2020_10-0) Lung, Tiffany (2020-09-30). "From Sneakers To Beans: Hypebeast Opens Café In First Physical HBX Store" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/tiffanylung/2020/09/30/from-sneakers-to-beans-hypebeast-opens-caf-in-first-physical-hbx-store/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Cherelus, Gina (June 14, 2022). "Will Hypebeasts Shop at the Hypebeast Store?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/14/style/hypebeast-hq-chinatown.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-WWDJAPAN_2022_12-0) "「ハイプゴルフ」代官山に直営店　ケヴィン・マーとジュン佐々木社長が語るゴルフカルチャーの変化" (https://www.wwdjapan.com/articles/1397887) . WWDJAPAN (in Japanese). 2022-07-15 . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dong_2022_13-0) Dong, Irene (2022-07-18). "Hypebeast opens its first Hypegolf store in Japan" (https://insideretail.asia/2022/07/18/hypebeast-opens-its-first-hypegolf-store-in-japan/) . Inside Retail . Retrieved 2022-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "日本版「ハイプビースト」が新規事業に見出す勝機女性向け「ハイプベイ」などで" (https://www.wwdjapan.com/articles/1207836) . WWDJAPAN.com (in Japanese). 2021-04-23 . Retrieved 2021-04-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-Time_2008_15-0) "50 Best Websites 2008" (https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/0,28757,1809858,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . 2008-06-17 . Retrieved 2022-08-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fast_Company_2000_16-0) "Hypebeast: Most Innovative Company" (https://www.fastcompany.com/company/hypebeast) . Fast Company . 2000-01-01 . Retrieved 2022-08-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-Settimi_2018_17-0) Settimi, Christina (2018-07-25). "Forbes Asia's 200 Best Under A Billion 2018" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2018/07/25/forbes-asias-200-best-under-a-billion-2018/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-08-19 . External links [ edit ] Hypebeast official website (https://hypebeast.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐qxpff Cached time: 20240715043203 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.466 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1931/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1495/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 66568/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6819567/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 439.417 1 -total 37.98% 166.907 1 Template:Reflist 33.80% 148.533 1 Template:Infobox_company 31.96% 140.458 16 Template:Cite_web 31.59% 138.804 1 Template:Infobox 17.82% 78.296 1 Template:Short_description 10.61% 46.634 2 Template:Pagetype 4.66% 20.474 7 Template:Main_other 4.40% 19.333 1 Template:Authority_control 4.03% 17.711 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68781841-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715043203 and revision id 1226684213. 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Traditional Chinese embroidered shoes with flat sole Xiuhuaxie Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 绣花鞋 Literal meaning Embroidered shoes Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Xiùhuāxié English name English Chinese shoes/ Chinese-style embroidered shoes/ Chinese slippers Xiuhuaxie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 绣花鞋 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : xiùhuāxié ; lit. 'embroidered shoes'), also known as Chinese shoes , [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Chinese-style embroidered shoes , [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) and Chinese slippers , [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) are a well-known sub-type of traditional Chinese cloth shoes ( 中国布鞋 ; zhōngguó bùxié ); the xiuhuaxie are deeply rooted in Chinese culture (/wiki/Chinese_culture) and are characterized by its use of elaborate and colourful Chinese embroideries (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) to create pattern on the shoes (including the shoe cover from heal to toe, the sole of the shoes, and even the shoe padding). [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) The traditional handicraft of making xiuhuaxie is fully indigenous (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples) to China, having been created by Chinese people (/wiki/Chinese_people) since the ancient times, and combines Chinese shoe culture and the art of Chinese embroidery. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) This craft is believed to have originated during the Spring and Autumn period (/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period) about 2600 years ago in Shanxi province (/wiki/Shanxi) ; the traditional craft was then handed down from generation to generation by Chinese women. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Nowadays, the xiuhuaxie continue to be used as a type of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) item in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , and are also used as traditional Chinese wedding shoes (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) . Ethnic minorities in China (/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China) also have their own styles of xiuhuaxie and their own traditional customs around these shoes. Cultural significance and tradition [ edit ] See also: Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) The traditional social division of labour in ancient China has been based on the concept of Nangeng Nüzhi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 男耕女织 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : nángēng nǚzhī ; lit. 'men plough', 'women weave'); a concept which existed since matrilineal society of ancient China was replaced by a patrilineal one. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Chinese cloth shoes has a history of more than 3000 years; and, although cloth shoes are rare in urban areas of China nowadays, this form of shoes remain an important irreplaceable aspect of Chinese along with Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) and Buddhism (/wiki/Buddhism) . Chinese embroideries have reflected and expressed the subtle changes in aesthetic concepts, cultural traditions, ethics and morals of the Chinese people throughout the millennia. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Similarly, the xiuhuaxie also reflect Chinese aesthetics through the use of beautiful embroidery patterns in the shoe cover. Basic embroideries patterns tend to be flowers, birds, animals, scenery, and figures from traditional Chinese opera (/wiki/Chinese_opera) ; it can also be decorated with more auspicious patterns such lotus seeds (/wiki/Lotus_seed) , which symbolizes the birth of a child, pomegranate (/wiki/Pomegranate) which symbolized multiple offspring, and the Longfei (/wiki/Chinese_dragon) fengwu (/wiki/Fenghuang) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 龙飞凤舞 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : lóngfēifèngwǔ ; lit. 'flying dragon and dancing phoenix'), which is a symbol of marital bliss. Tradition [ edit ] According to the popular Chinese tale, Jinguo Xie 《晋国鞋》, literally ' Jin state shoes (/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)) ', Jin Xiangong (/wiki/Duke_Xian_of_Jin) expanded his territory by merging ten vassal states in 606 BC; and to immortalize his cultural and military achievements in the mind of the general population, he ordered that all women's shoes had to depict ten fruits or flower patterns; this patterns could include pomegranate blossoms (/wiki/Pomegranate) , peach blossoms (/wiki/Peach) , grapes (/wiki/Grape) , etc; he also ordered that all civilian women had to wear the Shiguoxie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 十果鞋 ; lit. 'Ten fruits shoes') at their weddings, a tradition which had to be followed by the succeeding generations such that the future generations never forget his legacy. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) The Shiguoxie worn by women was thus also known Jinguo Xie at this period. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) In the past, Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) brides' sewing skills were best reflected in the making of shoes. [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) : 111 For example, in Jinzhong county (/wiki/Jinghong) , Chinese brides used to sew and embroider shoes, known as kanxie ( 看鞋 ), prior to their wedding; these shoes would later be sent to the home of the groom one day before the wedding ceremony; the bride's mother-in-law, sister-in-law, and neighbours would then comment on the skills of the bride almost acting as judges. [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) : 111 United States [ edit ] Chinese slippers, 1830–1859 In the early 20th century, the xiuhuaxie manufactured in China were imported to the United States where they were sold in American stores to American women as boudoir shoes; none of this imported xiuhuaxie were sold to Chinese people. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Chinese shoes firms in the United States, on the other hand, would mainly sell the xiuhuaxie to Chinese people who were living in the United States. A tariff system was implemented in the United States in order to curb the sales of Chinese shoes in the United States; customs appraisers at that time would place a tariff of 60 per cent on these shoes as they were classified as articles of silk embroidery; this tariff was so large that it prevented the general sales of the xiuhuaxie in the United States. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Related items [ edit ] Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Hanfu footwear (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Embroidered Shoes: Making a Comeback" (http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/28/content_46962.htm) . en.chinaculture.org . pp. 1–2 . Retrieved 2022-07-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Chinese slippers sold in American stores as Boudoir slippers" (https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QafftTL1aDRkM1jtm7bvwwR1CstRIZ7OimHKz4di3M3mWgXpT0QQ8nsia6fADZUgzaxjwvIn0SBQAPXJG32Txg3KqRRy25JqN_1_PffqWoXjn7LLiIR_Atz8LvuVyDa1e6NPP5ofK2Y_YLPBMnHd7lwjgI6nU4XlQ9-EW-rJIznyqFvhrCMWo190wXf5tEk7besuxnCGw75iPpgsHrToymzm2F33QVos1E8pDpiOySIhncbhf8suRaNdphmCRWjDX9TSJF5g) . Boot and Shoe Recorder . 1909. p. 21 . Retrieved 2022-07-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b Evy Wong, ed. (2012). Chinese auspicious culture . Singapore: Asiapac Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-229-642-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 818922837 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/818922837) . External links [ edit ] DIY production of Xiuhuaxie (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLBZTQwxxg8) v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin 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(Redirected from Forbidden Rose (/w/index.php?title=Forbidden_Rose&redirect=no) ) Canadian singer-songwriter (born 1984) For the album, see Avril Lavigne (album) (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_(album)) . Avril Lavigne CM (/wiki/Order_of_Canada) Lavigne in June 2024 Born Avril Ramona Lavigne ( 1984-09-27 ) September 27, 1984 (age 39) Belleville, Ontario (/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario) , Canada Citizenship Canada France Occupations Singer songwriter Years active 1999–present Works Discography (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_discography) songs recorded (/wiki/List_of_songs_performed_by_Avril_Lavigne) concert tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours) promotional tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_promotional_tours) Spouses Deryck Whibley (/wiki/Deryck_Whibley) ( m. 2006; div. 2010) Chad Kroeger (/wiki/Chad_Kroeger) ( m. 2013; div. 2015) Relatives Ryota Kohama (/wiki/Ryota_Kohama) (brother-in-law) Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Avril_Lavigne) Musical career Genres Pop-punk (/wiki/Pop-punk) alternative rock (/wiki/Alternative_rock) pop rock (/wiki/Pop_rock) post-grunge (/wiki/Post-grunge) Instruments Vocals guitar piano drums Labels Arista (/wiki/Arista_Records) RCA (/wiki/RCA_Records) Epic (/wiki/Epic_Records) BMG (/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management) Avril Lavigne Music DTA (/wiki/DTA_Records) Elektra (/wiki/Elektra_Records) Musical artist Website avrillavigne (http://avrillavigne.com) .com (http://avrillavigne.com) Signature Avril Ramona Lavigne CM (/wiki/Order_of_Canada) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ æ v r ɪ l l ə ˈ v iː n / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) AV -ril lə- VEEN , French: [avʁil (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ʁamɔna (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) laviɲ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. She is a key musician in the development of pop-punk (/wiki/Pop-punk) music, as she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s. Her accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Avril_Lavigne) include eight Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nominations. At age 16, Lavigne signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records (/wiki/Arista_Records) . Her debut studio album, Let Go (/wiki/Let_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) (2002), is the best-selling album of the 21st century by a Canadian artist (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_of_the_21st_century) . It yielded the successful singles " Complicated (/wiki/Complicated_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " and " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) ", which emphasized a skate punk (/wiki/Skate_punk) persona and earned her the title " Pop-Punk Queen (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) " from music publications. Her second studio album, Under My Skin (/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) (2004), became Lavigne's first album to reach the top of the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart in the United States, going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide. Lavigne's third studio album, The Best Damn Thing (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Thing) (2007), reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single " Girlfriend (/wiki/Girlfriend_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", which became her first single to reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) in the United States. Her next two studio albums, Goodbye Lullaby (/wiki/Goodbye_Lullaby) (2011) and Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_(album)) (2013), saw continued commercial success and were both certified gold in Canada, the United States, and other territories. After releasing her sixth studio album, Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(album)) (2019), she returned to her punk roots with her seventh studio album, Love Sux (/wiki/Love_Sux) (2022). Early life Avril Ramona Lavigne was born on September 27, 1984, in Belleville, Ontario (/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario) . She was named Avril (the French word for April) by her father. [1] (#cite_note-1) He and Lavigne's mother recognized their child's vocal abilities when she was two years old and sang " Jesus Loves Me (/wiki/Jesus_Loves_Me) " on the way home from church. [2] (#cite_note-sperling-2) Lavigne has an older brother named Matthew and a younger sister named Michelle, [3] (#cite_note-peoplekappes-3) both of whom teased her when she sang. "My brother used to knock on the wall because I used to sing myself to sleep and he thought it was really annoying." [2] (#cite_note-sperling-2) She is the sister-in-law of Japanese band One OK Rock (/wiki/One_OK_Rock) bassist Ryota Kohama (/wiki/Ryota_Kohama) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Lavigne's paternal grandfather Maurice Yves Lavigne was born in Saint-Jérôme (/wiki/Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me) , Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) . [5] (#cite_note-5) A member of the Royal Canadian Air Force (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force) , he married Lucie Dzierzbicki, a French native of Morhange (/wiki/Morhange) in 1953. Their son, Jean-Claude Lavigne, was born in 1954 at RCAF Station Grostenquin (/wiki/RCAF_Station_Grostenquin) near Grostenquin (/wiki/Grostenquin) , Lorraine (/wiki/Lorraine) . [6] (#cite_note-6) When Jean-Claude was a child, the family moved to Ontario, and in 1975, he married Judith-Rosanne "Judy" Loshaw. [7] (#cite_note-rollingstonecover-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) When Lavigne was 5, the family moved to Napanee (now incorporated as Greater Napanee (/wiki/Greater_Napanee) ), [9] (#cite_note-unofficialbiog-9) a town with a population of approximately 5,000 at the time. [10] (#cite_note-canoemcqueen-10) [11] (#cite_note-mtvrealdeal-11) [12] (#cite_note-ewwillman-12) Also when she was 5, she was diagnosed with ADHD (/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder) , which caused her problems during her school years. [13] (#cite_note-13) To support her musical interests, her father bought her a microphone, a drum kit, a keyboard, and several guitars, and converted their basement into a studio. Her father often played bass at the church the family attended, the Third Day Worship Centre in Kingston (/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario) . When Lavigne was 14 years old, her parents took her to karaoke sessions. [14] (#cite_note-msnbcpauley-14) Lavigne performed at country fairs (/wiki/Fair) , singing songs by Garth Brooks (/wiki/Garth_Brooks) , the Chicks (/wiki/The_Chicks) , and Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) , and began writing her own songs. Her first song was called "Can't Stop Thinking About You", about a teenage crush (/wiki/Puppy_love) , which she described as "cheesy cute". [15] (#cite_note-mirrorquigley-15) Lavigne also played hockey (/wiki/Ice_hockey) during high school and won MVP (/wiki/Most_valuable_player) twice as a right winger (/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)) in a boys league. [16] (#cite_note-16) Career 1999–2001: Career beginnings In 1999, Lavigne won a radio contest to perform with Canadian singer Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) at the Corel Centre (/wiki/Corel_Centre) in Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) , before an audience of 20,000 people. [17] (#cite_note-tracy-17) [9] (#cite_note-unofficialbiog-9) [10] (#cite_note-canoemcqueen-10) Twain and Lavigne sang Twain's song, " What Made You Say That (/wiki/What_Made_You_Say_That) ", [9] (#cite_note-unofficialbiog-9) and Lavigne told Twain that she aspired to be "a famous singer". [10] (#cite_note-canoemcqueen-10) During a performance with the Lennox Community Theatre, Lavigne was spotted by local folksinger Stephen Medd. He invited her to contribute vocals on his song, "Touch the Sky", for his 1999 album, Quinte Spirit . She later sang on "Temple of Life" and "Two Rivers" for his follow-up album, My Window to You , in 2000. In December 1999, Lavigne was discovered by her first professional manager, Cliff Fabri, while singing country (/wiki/Country_music) covers at a Chapters (/wiki/Chapters_(bookstore)) bookstore in Kingston (/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario) . [9] (#cite_note-unofficialbiog-9) [10] (#cite_note-canoemcqueen-10) Fabri sent out VHS tapes of Lavigne's home performances to several industry prospects, and Lavigne was visited by several executives. [18] (#cite_note-sk8terfaker-18) Mark Jowett, co-founder of a Canadian management firm, Nettwerk (/wiki/Nettwerk) , received a copy of Lavigne's karaoke performances recorded in her parents' basement. [19] (#cite_note-patch-19) Jowett arranged for Lavigne to work with producer Peter Zizzo (/wiki/Peter_Zizzo) during the summer of 2000 in New York, where she wrote the song "Why". Lavigne was noticed by Arista Records (/wiki/Arista_Records) during a trip to New York. [18] (#cite_note-sk8terfaker-18) In November 2000, [11] (#cite_note-mtvrealdeal-11) Ken Krongard, an A&R (/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire) representative, invited Antonio "L.A." Reid (/wiki/L.A._Reid) , then head of Arista Records, to Zizzo's Manhattan studio to hear Lavigne sing. Her 15-minute audition "so impressed" Reid that he immediately signed her to Arista with a deal worth $1.25 million for two albums and an extra $900,000 for a publishing advance. [12] (#cite_note-ewwillman-12) [9] (#cite_note-unofficialbiog-9) By this time, Lavigne had found that she fit in naturally with her hometown high school's skater clique (/wiki/Clique) , an image that carried through to her first album, but although she enjoyed skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboard) , school left her feeling insecure. Having signed a record deal, and with support from her parents, she left school to focus on her music career. [11] (#cite_note-mtvrealdeal-11) [20] (#cite_note-canadianpress-20) [15] (#cite_note-mirrorquigley-15) Lavigne's band, which were mostly the members of Closet Monster (/wiki/Closet_Monster_(band)) , was chosen by Nettwerk, as they wanted young performers who were up and coming from the Canadian punk rock (/wiki/Canadian_punk_rock) scene who would fit with Lavigne's personality. [21] (#cite_note-21) 2002–2003: Let Go Lavigne performing in 2002 Reid gave A&R Joshua Sarubin the responsibility of overseeing Lavigne's development and the recording of her debut album. They spent several months in New York working with different co-writers, trying to forge an individual sound for her. Sarubin told HitQuarters (/wiki/HitQuarters) that they initially struggled; although early collaborations with songwriter-producers including Sabelle Breer, Curt Frasca (/wiki/Curt_Frasca) and Peter Zizzo resulted in some good songs, they did not match her or her voice. It was only when Lavigne went to Los Angeles in May 2001 and created two songs with the Matrix (/wiki/The_Matrix_(production_team)) production team—including " Complicated (/wiki/Complicated_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", later released as her debut single—that the record company felt she had made a major breakthrough. Lavigne worked further with the Matrix and also with singer-songwriter Clif Magness (/wiki/Clif_Magness) . Recording of Lavigne's debut album, Let Go (/wiki/Let_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) , finished in January 2002. [22] (#cite_note-hitquarters-22) Lavigne released Let Go in June 2002 in the US, where it reached number two on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) albums chart. It peaked at number one in Australia, Canada, and the UK—this made Lavigne, at 17 years old, the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album on the UK Albums Chart (/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart) at that time. [23] (#cite_note-aboutlamb-23) By the end of 2002, the album was certified four-times Platinum by the RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) , making her the bestselling female artist of 2002 and Let Go the top-selling debut of the year. [24] (#cite_note-riaadiamond-24) By May 2003, Let Go had accumulated over 1 million sales in Canada, receiving a diamond certification from the Canadian Recording Industry Association (/wiki/Canadian_Recording_Industry_Association) . [25] (#cite_note-criadiamond-25) By 2009, the album had sold over 16 million units worldwide. [26] (#cite_note-transworldnews-26) By March 2018, the RIAA certified the album seven-times Platinum, denoting shipments of over seven million units in the US. [27] (#cite_note-:0-27) Lavigne's debut single, "Complicated", peaked at number one in Australia and number two in the US. "Complicated" was one of the bestselling Canadian singles of 2002, and one of the decade's biggest hits in the US, [28] (#cite_note-billboarddecadehot100-28) where subsequent singles "Sk8er Boi" and " I'm with You (/wiki/I%27m_with_You_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " reached the top ten. [29] (#cite_note-29) With these three singles, Lavigne became the second artist in history to have three top-ten songs from a debut album on Billboard ' s Mainstream Top 40 (/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40) chart. [30] (#cite_note-reuterstop40-30) Lavigne was named Best New Artist (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) (for "Complicated") at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2002_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , [31] (#cite_note-thestarmtv-31) won four Juno Awards (/wiki/Juno_Awards) in 2003 out of six nominations, [32] (#cite_note-billboardjuno-32) received a World Music Award (/wiki/World_Music_Awards) for "World's Bestselling Canadian Singer", and was nominated for eight Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Award) , including Best New Artist (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) and Song of the Year (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year) for "Complicated". [33] (#cite_note-hollywoodgrammy-33) In 2002, Lavigne made a cameo appearance in the music video for " Hundred Million (/wiki/Hundred_Million) " by the pop punk band Treble Charger (/wiki/Treble_Charger) . [34] (#cite_note-cbcnewstreble-34) In March 2003, Lavigne posed for the cover of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) magazine, [7] (#cite_note-rollingstonecover-7) and in May she performed " Fuel (/wiki/Fuel_(song)) " during MTV's Icon tribute to Metallica (/wiki/Metallica) . [35] (#cite_note-mtvdowney-35) [36] (#cite_note-mtviconmetallica-36) During her first headlining tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour, Lavigne covered Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) 's " Basket Case (/wiki/Basket_Case_(song)) ". [37] (#cite_note-sfgatesullivan-37) 2004–2005: Under My Skin Lavigne in Burnaby (/wiki/Burnaby) during her promotional tour for Under My Skin (/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) in 2004 Lavigne's second studio album, Under My Skin (/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) , was released in May 2004 and debuted at number one in Australia, Canada, Japan, the UK, and the US. [38] (#cite_note-yahoojenison-38) The album was certified five-times Platinum in Canada [39] (#cite_note-MusicCanada-39) and has sold 10 million copies, [40] (#cite_note-40) including 3.2 million in the US. [41] (#cite_note-Billboard-July2013-41) Lavigne wrote most of the album's tracks with Canadian singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk (/wiki/Chantal_Kreviazuk) , and Kreviazuk's husband, Our Lady Peace (/wiki/Our_Lady_Peace) front man Raine Maida (/wiki/Raine_Maida) , co-produced the album with Butch Walker (/wiki/Butch_Walker) and Don Gilmore. Lavigne said that Under My Skin proved her credentials as a songwriter, saying that "each song comes from a personal experience of mine, and there are so much [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] emotions in those songs". [42] (#cite_note-ledgermoody-42) " Don't Tell Me (/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_Me_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", the lead single off the album, reached the top five in the UK and Canada and the top ten in Australia. " My Happy Ending (/wiki/My_Happy_Ending_(song)) ", the album's second single, was a top five hit in the UK and Australia. In the US, it was a top ten entry on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a number-one pop radio hit. The third single, " Nobody's Home (/wiki/Nobody%27s_Home_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", did not manage to make the top 40 in the US and performed moderately elsewhere. During early 2004 Lavigne went on the 'Live and By Surprise' acoustic mall tour in the US and Canada to promote Under My Skin , accompanied by her guitarist Evan Taubenfeld (/wiki/Evan_Taubenfeld) . In September 2004, Lavigne embarked on her first world tour, the year-long Bonez Tour (/wiki/Bonez_Tour) . Lavigne won two World Music Awards in 2004, for 'World's Best Pop/Rock Artist' and 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist' and won three Juno Awards from five nominations in 2005, including 'Artist of the Year'. [43] (#cite_note-Juno-43) She also won in the category of 'Favorite Female Singer' at the eighteenth annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards (/wiki/Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Awards) . [44] (#cite_note-mtvmoss-44) Lavigne co-wrote the song " Breakaway (/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)) ", which was recorded by Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) for the soundtrack to the 2004 film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (/wiki/The_Princess_Diaries_2:_Royal_Engagement) . [45] (#cite_note-mtvclarkson-45) "Breakaway" was released as a single in mid 2004 and subsequently included as the title track on Clarkson's second album, Breakaway (/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_album)) . Lavigne performed the Goo Goo Dolls (/wiki/Goo_Goo_Dolls) song " Iris (/wiki/Iris_(song)) " with the band's lead singer John Rzeznik (/wiki/John_Rzeznik) at Fashion Rocks (/wiki/Fashion_Rocks) in September 2004, [46] (#cite_note-cbsbeyonce-46) and she posed for the cover of Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) in October 2004. [47] (#cite_note-maximcover-47) She recorded the theme song for The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (/wiki/The_SpongeBob_SquarePants_Movie) (released in November 2004) with producer Butch Walker. [48] (#cite_note-mtvspongebob-48) 2006–2011: The Best Damn Thing and Goodbye Lullaby In February 2006, Lavigne represented Canada at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony) . [49] (#cite_note-torinogames-49) Fox Entertainment Group (/wiki/Fox_Entertainment_Group) approached Lavigne to write a song for the soundtrack to the 2006 fantasy-adventure film Eragon (/wiki/Eragon_(film)) ; her contribution, " Keep Holding On (/wiki/Keep_Holding_On) ", was released as a single to promote the film and its soundtrack. [50] (#cite_note-lavignekeepholdingon-50) [51] (#cite_note-lavigneradio-51) [52] (#cite_note-lavigneitunes-52) Lavigne performing during The Best Damn World Tour (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_World_Tour) in 2008 Lavigne's third album, The Best Damn Thing (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Thing) , was released in April 2007 and debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, [53] (#cite_note-billboardgirlfriend-53) and subsequently achieved Platinum status in Canada. [39] (#cite_note-MusicCanada-39) The album sold more than 2 million copies in the US. [27] (#cite_note-:0-27) Its lead single, " Girlfriend (/wiki/Girlfriend_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", became Lavigne's first number-one single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and one of the decade's biggest singles. [53] (#cite_note-billboardgirlfriend-53) [54] (#cite_note-billboardgirlfriend100-54) The single also peaked at number one in Australia, Canada, and Japan, and reached number two in the UK and France. As well as English, "Girlfriend" was recorded in Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese (/wiki/Portuguese_language) , German, Japanese, and Mandarin (/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese) . The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (/wiki/IFPI) ranked "Girlfriend" as the most-downloaded track worldwide in 2007, selling 7.3 million copies, including the versions recorded in eight different languages. [55] (#cite_note-mtvgirlfriend-55) [56] (#cite_note-kohls-56) " When You're Gone (/wiki/When_You%27re_Gone_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", the album's second single, reached the top five in Australia and the United Kingdom, the top ten in Canada, and the top forty in the US. " Hot (/wiki/Hot_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " was the third single and charted only at number 95 in the US, although it reached the top 10 in Canada and the top 20 in Australia. Lavigne won two World Music Awards (/wiki/World_Music_Awards) in 2007, for 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist' and 'World's Best Pop/Rock Female Artist'. She won her first two MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , received a Teen Choice Award (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Award) for 'Best Summer Single', and was nominated for five Juno Awards. [43] (#cite_note-Juno-43) In December 2007, Lavigne was ranked number eight in Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) magazine's list of 'Top 20 Earners Under 25', with annual earnings of $12 million. [57] (#cite_note-forbes20-57) In March 2008, Lavigne undertook a world tour, The Best Damn World Tour (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_World_Tour) , and appeared on the cover of Maxim for the second time. [58] (#cite_note-maxim2008-58) In mid-August, Malaysia's Islamic opposition party, the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party) , attempted to ban Lavigne's tour show in Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) , judging her stage moves "too sexy". It was thought that her concert on August 29 would promote wrong values ahead of Malaysia's Independence Day on August 31. [59] (#cite_note-mtvmalaysia-59) On August 21, 2008, MTV reported that the concert had been approved by the Malaysian government. [60] (#cite_note-mtvmalaysiaconcert-60) In January 2010, Lavigne worked with Disney (/wiki/Disney) to create clothing designs inspired by Tim Burton (/wiki/Tim_Burton) 's feature film Alice in Wonderland (/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)) . She recorded a song for its soundtrack, " Alice (/wiki/Alice_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", which was played over the end credits and included on the soundtrack album Almost Alice (/wiki/Almost_Alice) . [61] (#cite_note-earthtimes-61) [62] (#cite_note-pacifican-62) [63] (#cite_note-seacrestinterview26-63) In February, Lavigne performed at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony (/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony) . [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) Lavigne's song "I'm with You" was sampled by Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) on the track " Cheers (Drink to That) (/wiki/Cheers_(Drink_to_That)) ", which is featured on Rihanna's fifth studio album, Loud (/wiki/Loud_(Rihanna_album)) (2010). [65] (#cite_note-digitalspy-65) [66] (#cite_note-artistdirect-66) "Cheers (Drink to That)" was released as a single the following year, and Lavigne appeared in its music video. [67] (#cite_note-abbeyhuffington-67) In December 2010, American singer Miranda Cosgrove (/wiki/Miranda_Cosgrove) released " Dancing Crazy (/wiki/Dancing_Crazy) ", a song written by Lavigne, Max Martin (/wiki/Max_Martin) and Shellback (/wiki/Shellback_(songwriter)) . It was also produced by Martin. [68] (#cite_note-idolator-68) Lavigne began recording for her fourth studio album, Goodbye Lullaby (/wiki/Goodbye_Lullaby) , in her home studio in November 2008. Its opening track, "Black Star", was written to help promote her first fragrance of the same name. [69] (#cite_note-musicmix-69) [70] (#cite_note-rollingstoneblackstar-70) Lavigne described the album as being about her life experiences rather than focusing on relationships, and its style as less pop rock (/wiki/Pop_rock) than her previous material, reflecting her age. [70] (#cite_note-rollingstoneblackstar-70) [71] (#cite_note-departure-71) The release date for Goodbye Lullaby was delayed several times, which Lavigne said was because of her label. [72] (#cite_note-allheadlinenews-72) [73] (#cite_note-kingstonhart-73) Goodbye Lullaby was released in March 2011, [74] (#cite_note-billboardlipshutz-74) [71] (#cite_note-departure-71) and its lead single, " What the Hell (/wiki/What_the_Hell) ", premiered in December 2010, ahead of the album's release. [74] (#cite_note-billboardlipshutz-74) Goodbye Lullaby received Juno Award nominations for Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year. [43] (#cite_note-Juno-43) By March 2018, Goodbye Lullaby sold more than 500,000 copies in the US, and it was certified Gold by the RIAA. [27] (#cite_note-:0-27) 2012–2017: Self-titled album Lavigne performing in 2014 Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby , Lavigne announced that work on her fifth studio album had already begun, describing it as the musical opposite of Goodbye Lullaby [75] (#cite_note-shuffleme.net-75) and "pop and more fun again". [76] (#cite_note-nmefifth-76) [77] (#cite_note-corner-77) [78] (#cite_note-daw-78) In late 2011, she confirmed that she had moved to Epic Records (/wiki/Epic_Records) , headed by L. A. Reid (/wiki/L._A._Reid) . [79] (#cite_note-www.925thebeat.ca-79) [80] (#cite_note-www.billboard.biz-80) Lavigne contributed two cover songs to the 2012 Japanese animated film One Piece Film: Z (/wiki/One_Piece_Film:_Z) : " How You Remind Me (/wiki/How_You_Remind_Me) " (originally by Nickelback (/wiki/Nickelback) ) and " Bad Reputation (/wiki/Bad_Reputation_(Joan_Jett_song)) " (originally by Joan Jett (/wiki/Joan_Jett) ). [81] (#cite_note-81) The lead single from Lavigne's fifth studio album, " Here's to Never Growing Up (/wiki/Here%27s_to_Never_Growing_Up) " (produced by Martin Johnson (/wiki/Martin_Johnson_(musician)) of the band Boys Like Girls (/wiki/Boys_Like_Girls) ), was released in April 2013 [82] (#cite_note-cornerds-82) and reached top 20 positions on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) , Australia and the UK. The second single, " Rock n Roll (/wiki/Rock_n_Roll_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", was released in August 2013 and the third, " Let Me Go (/wiki/Let_Me_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " (featuring Lavigne's then-husband Chad Kroeger (/wiki/Chad_Kroeger) of Nickelback), was released in October 2013. The album, titled Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_(album)) , was released in November 2013; [83] (#cite_note-chestang-83) [84] (#cite_note-cornerfifth-84) in Canada, it was certified gold and received a Juno Award nomination for Pop Album of the Year. [85] (#cite_note-cbslocal1-85) [86] (#cite_note-Billboard-March2014-86) The fourth single from Avril Lavigne , " Hello Kitty (/wiki/Hello_Kitty_(song)) ", was released in April 2014. The music video sparked controversies over racism claims which Lavigne denied. [87] (#cite_note-87) During mid-2014, Lavigne opened for boy band the Backstreet Boys (/wiki/Backstreet_Boys) ' In a World Like This Tour (/wiki/In_a_World_Like_This_Tour) [88] (#cite_note-88) and played at the Summer Sonic Festival (/wiki/Summer_Sonic_Festival) in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . [86] (#cite_note-Billboard-March2014-86) [89] (#cite_note-89) She released a music video for " Give You What You Like (/wiki/Give_You_What_You_Like) ", the fifth single from her self-titled album on February 10, 2015. The song is featured in Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) 's made-for-TV movie, Babysitter's Black Book . [90] (#cite_note-90) By March 2018, the album sold more than 500,000 copies in the US, and it was certified Gold by the RIAA. [27] (#cite_note-:0-27) In an April 2015 interview with Billboard , Lavigne announced a new single titled " Fly (/wiki/Fly_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", which was released on April 26 in association with the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games (/wiki/2015_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games) . [91] (#cite_note-Billboard-April2015-91) Lavigne was featured in the song "Listen" from Japanese rock band One Ok Rock's eighth studio album, Ambitions (/wiki/Ambitions_(One_Ok_Rock_album)) , released on January 11, 2017. [92] (#cite_note-92) She was also featured in the song "Wings Clipped" by Grey (/wiki/Grey_(musical_duo)) with Anthony Green (/wiki/Anthony_Green_(musician)) for the duo's debut extended play Chameleon , released on September 29, 2017. [93] (#cite_note-93) 2019–2020: Head Above Water Lavigne performing in September 2019 Lavigne's sixth studio album Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(album)) was released on February 15, 2019, through BMG (/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management) . [94] (#cite_note-94) [95] (#cite_note-bmgannouncement-95) The album reached the top ten in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and peaked at number thirteen on the U.S. Billboard 200. It was preceded by three singles: " Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(song)) ", " Tell Me It's Over (/wiki/Tell_Me_It%27s_Over) " and " Dumb Blonde (/wiki/Dumb_Blonde_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", with the lead single drawing inspiration from Lavigne's battle with Lyme disease (/wiki/Lyme_disease) . [96] (#cite_note-96) [97] (#cite_note-tellme-97) [98] (#cite_note-98) The fourth single, " I Fell in Love with the Devil (/wiki/I_Fell_in_Love_with_the_Devil) ", was released on June 28, 2019. [99] (#cite_note-etcanada-99) In support of the album, Lavigne embarked on the Head Above Water Tour (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_Tour) , which started on September 14, 2019. [100] (#cite_note-100) European concerts were postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [101] (#cite_note-101) On April 24, 2020, Lavigne re-recorded the track "Warrior" from her sixth studio album and released it as a single, titled " We Are Warriors (/wiki/We_Are_Warriors) ". The proceeds from the single support Project HOPE (/wiki/Project_HOPE) 's relief efforts in the COVID-19 pandemic. [102] (#cite_note-102) 2021–present: Love Sux On January 8, 2021, " Flames (/wiki/Flames_(Mod_Sun_song)) ", a collaboration between Mod Sun (/wiki/Mod_Sun) and Lavigne, was released. [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-104) In the subsequent month, Lavigne confirmed recording for her next album had been completed. [105] (#cite_note-105) On July 16, 2021, Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) released her fourth studio album, titled Lately I Feel Everything (/wiki/Lately_I_Feel_Everything) , with one of the tracks, "Grow", featuring Avril Lavigne and Travis Barker (/wiki/Travis_Barker) . [106] (#cite_note-106) A music video for the song was released in October of the same year. [107] (#cite_note-107) After announcing on November 3, 2021, that she had signed with Barker's label DTA Records, [108] (#cite_note-108) Lavigne announced her new single titled " Bite Me (/wiki/Bite_Me_(song)) ", which was released on November 10. [109] (#cite_note-109) On January 13, 2022, Lavigne announced her seventh studio album Love Sux (/wiki/Love_Sux) . [110] (#cite_note-110) Much of the album was written and produced by Lavigne's then boyfriend, pop punk artist Mod Sun. The second single off the record, " Love It When You Hate Me (/wiki/Love_It_When_You_Hate_Me) ", was released on January 14, and featured American singer Blackbear (/wiki/Blackbear_(musician)) . [111] (#cite_note-111) The album was subsequently released on February 25. [112] (#cite_note-112) Love Sux debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart, [113] (#cite_note-113) and at number three on the Billboard Canadian Albums chart. [114] (#cite_note-114) On June 13, 2022, a new edition of Let Go (/wiki/Let_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) was released for the album's 20th anniversary. The record contains six previously unreleased bonus tracks, including Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) 's " Breakaway (/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)) ", which was originally written by Lavigne. [115] (#cite_note-115) [116] (#cite_note-116) On September 13, 2022, Lavigne attended, presented and performed at the 15th Annual Academy of Country Music (ACM) Honors at the Ryman Auditorium (/wiki/Ryman_Auditorium) in Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) . She performed a cover of Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) 's " No One Needs to Know (/wiki/No_One_Needs_to_Know) " and presented Twain with an ACM Poets Award. The cover received a positive reception. [117] (#cite_note-117) [118] (#cite_note-118) On October 24, 2022, Lavigne announced the release of a single titled " I'm a Mess (/wiki/I%27m_a_Mess_(Avril_Lavigne_and_Yungblud_song)) " featuring English singer Yungblud (/wiki/Yungblud) on November 3, 2022, [119] (#cite_note-119) [120] (#cite_note-120) as the lead single of the deluxe edition of Love Sux , which was released on November 25. [121] (#cite_note-121) While promoting "I'm a Mess", Lavigne confirmed she was working on her eighth studio album with John Feldmann (/wiki/John_Feldmann) , Barker, Yungblud and Alex Gaskarth (/wiki/Alex_Gaskarth) of band All Time Low (/wiki/All_Time_Low) . [122] (#cite_note-122) " Fake as Hell (/wiki/Fake_as_Hell) ", a collaboration between Lavigne and All Time Low, was eventually released as a single on September 15, 2023. [123] (#cite_note-123) On June 9, 2023, Lavigne did a live collaborative performance with country music (/wiki/Country_music) artist Miranda Lambert (/wiki/Miranda_Lambert) during the 2023 CMA Fest (/wiki/CMA_Fest) at Nissan Stadium (/wiki/Nissan_Stadium) in Nashville, Tennessee. They performed a mashup of Lambert's " Kerosene (/wiki/Kerosene_(song)) " and Lavigne's " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) ". [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) On May 10, 2024, Lavigne announced plans to release a greatest hits album (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) on June 21, 2024. [126] (#cite_note-126) On May 16, 2024, Lavigne and country music (/wiki/Country_music) artist Nate Smith (/wiki/Nate_Smith_(singer)) released a collaborative single titled " Bulletproof (/wiki/Bulletproof_(Nate_Smith_song)) " that was originally released as a solo single for Smith. Lavigne and Smith performed the song at the 59th Academy of Country Music Awards (/wiki/Academy_of_Country_Music_Awards) . [127] (#cite_note-127) In support of the album, Lavigne embarked her Greatest Hits Tour (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Tour_(Avril_Lavigne)) , which began on 22 May 2024. [128] (#cite_note-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) On 30 June 2024, Lavigne played the world-famous Glastonbury Festival (/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival) in England for the first time, drawing one of the largest crowds ever seen at the Other Stage. [130] (#cite_note-130) [131] (#cite_note-131) [132] (#cite_note-132) [133] (#cite_note-133) [134] (#cite_note-134) [135] (#cite_note-135) [136] (#cite_note-136) Artistry and image Musical style and songwriting During the 2000s decade, most critics and publications identified Lavigne's first three albums as a mix of pop-punk (/wiki/Pop_punk) , alternative rock (/wiki/Alternative_rock) and pop rock (/wiki/Pop_rock) [137] (#cite_note-137) [138] (#cite_note-www.musicmight.com-138) [139] (#cite_note-music.ign.com-139) [140] (#cite_note-www.popmatters.com-140) [141] (#cite_note-www.nytimes.com-141) [142] (#cite_note-www.rollingstone.com-142) [143] (#cite_note-www.rollingstone.com-2-143) influenced by a post-grunge (/wiki/Post-grunge) sound. [144] (#cite_note-www.thebiographychannel.co.uk-144) [145] (#cite_note-www.allmusic.com-145) [146] (#cite_note-www.allrovi.com-146) [138] (#cite_note-www.musicmight.com-138) [147] (#cite_note-www.fanpop.com-2-147) [148] (#cite_note-hotpresssoon-148) Let Go was classified as a pop rock and alternative rock album with a slight grunge (/wiki/Grunge) influence. Meanwhile, the singer was compared to other female artists with the same sound, mainly Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) . [149] (#cite_note-149) [150] (#cite_note-150) [151] (#cite_note-151) The album Under My Skin , was noticeably darker musically, with heavier production that showcased ballads and rocker songs which incorporated a more post-grunge (/wiki/Post-grunge) sound that verged on nu metal (/wiki/Nu_metal) , [152] (#cite_note-152) [153] (#cite_note-153) [154] (#cite_note-154) [155] (#cite_note-155) while keeping pop punk power chord influences. [156] (#cite_note-156) The album was seen as anticipating the "emotional intensity and theatrical aesthetics" of emo-pop (/wiki/Emo-pop) music before it came into the mainstream. [157] (#cite_note-157) Critics compared the album with similar works by contemporary acts at the time like Linkin Park (/wiki/Linkin_Park) and Evanescence (/wiki/Evanescence) , due to its nu metal influence. [158] (#cite_note-158) [159] (#cite_note-159) [160] (#cite_note-ums-160) In contrast, The Best Damn Thing abandoned the alternative and post-grunge style in favour of pop punk tunes. The songs were described as sounding like Toni Basil (/wiki/Toni_Basil) cheerleading for Blink-182 (/wiki/Blink-182) , [161] (#cite_note-161) with Lavigne praised for her ability to combine bubblegum pop (/wiki/Bubblegum_pop) melodies with punk rock (/wiki/Punk_rock) riffs. [162] (#cite_note-162) Teen pop (/wiki/Teen_pop) 's impact on Lavigne's music of this decade was noted, since most of her lyrics were from an adolescent perspective. This made some critics describe her music as alternateen or teen punk . [142] (#cite_note-www.rollingstone.com-142) Later on in the 2010s, her sound went softer and poppier, characterized more by acoustic pop-rock songs and less loud grungy guitar-driven songs that were the signature of her earlier works. [163] (#cite_note-163) With the 2020s pop-punk mainstream resurgence (/wiki/Pop-punk#Mainstream_resurgence_(2020s)) , Lavigne went back to her pop-punk roots, embracing emo-pop (/wiki/Emo-pop) angst, [164] (#cite_note-164) [165] (#cite_note-165) [166] (#cite_note-166) [167] (#cite_note-167) and skate punk (/wiki/Skate_punk) influences from NOFX (/wiki/NOFX) , blink-182 (/wiki/Blink-182) , Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) and the Offspring (/wiki/The_Offspring) . [168] (#cite_note-168) [169] (#cite_note-169) [170] (#cite_note-170) [171] (#cite_note-171) Lavigne possesses a soprano (/wiki/Soprano) vocal range. [172] (#cite_note-172) [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) [175] (#cite_note-175) Themes in her music include messages of self-empowerment from a female or an adolescent perspective. [176] (#cite_note-blossoming-176) Lavigne believes her "songs are about being yourself no matter what and going after your dreams even if your dreams are crazy and even if people tell you they're never going to come true." [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) On her debut album, Let Go , Lavigne preferred the less mainstream songs, such as " Losing Grip (/wiki/Losing_Grip) ", instead of her more radio-friendly singles, such as " Complicated (/wiki/Complicated_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ", saying that "the songs I did with the Matrix (/wiki/The_Matrix_(production_team)) ... were good for my first record, but I don't want to be that pop anymore." [178] (#cite_note-teenspirit-178) Lavigne's second album, Under My Skin , had deeper personal themes underlying each song, with Lavigne remarking that "I've gone through so much, so that's what I talk about ... Like boys, like dating or relationships." [179] (#cite_note-musicomhinterview-179) In contrast, her third album, The Best Damn Thing , was not personal to her. "Some of the songs I wrote didn't even mean that much to me. It's not like some personal thing I'm going through." [180] (#cite_note-scold-180) Her objective in writing the album was simply to "make it fun". [181] (#cite_note-salva-181) Goodbye Lullaby , Lavigne's fourth album, was much more personal than her earlier records, [69] (#cite_note-musicmix-69) with Lavigne describing the album as "more stripped down, deeper. All the songs are very emotional." [182] (#cite_note-182) Ian McKellen (/wiki/Ian_McKellen) defined her as "a punk chanteuse, a post-grunge valkyrie, with the wounded soul of a poet and the explosive pugnacity of a Canadian" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_Craig_Ferguson) in 2007. [183] (#cite_note-www.fanpop.com-183) [184] (#cite_note-avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com-184) I know my fans look up to me and that's why I make my songs so personal; it's all about things I've experienced and things I like or hate. I write for myself and hope that my fans like what I have to say. — Lavigne on her musical artistry [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) While Lavigne said she was not angry, her interviews were still passionate about the media's lack of respect for her songwriting. She said, "I am a writer, and I won't accept people trying to take that away from me", adding that she had been writing "full-structured songs" since she was 14. [42] (#cite_note-ledgermoody-42) Despite this, Lavigne's songwriting has been questioned throughout her career. The songwriting trio the Matrix, with whom Lavigne wrote songs for her debut album, said that they were the main songwriters of Lavigne's singles "Complicated", " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) " and " I'm with You (/wiki/I%27m_with_You_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) ". Lavigne said that she was the primary songwriter for every song on the album, stating that "[N]one of those songs aren't from me". [178] (#cite_note-teenspirit-178) In 2007, Chantal Kreviazuk (/wiki/Chantal_Kreviazuk) , who wrote with Lavigne on her second album, accused Lavigne of plagiarism [185] (#cite_note-kreviazuk-185) and criticized her songwriting, saying that "Avril doesn't really sit and write songs by herself or anything." [186] (#cite_note-186) Lavigne also disclaimed this, and considered taking legal action against Kreviazuk for "clear defamation" against her character. [187] (#cite_note-yahoomusic-187) Kreviazuk later apologized, saying that "Avril is an accomplished songwriter and it has been my privilege to work with her." [185] (#cite_note-kreviazuk-185) Shortly after that, Tommy Dunbar, founder of the band the Rubinoos (/wiki/The_Rubinoos) , sued Lavigne, her publishing company, and Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald (/wiki/Dr._Luke) for allegedly stealing parts of "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend" for her song "Girlfriend". [188] (#cite_note-billboardstole-188) Gottwald defended Lavigne, stating, "me and Avril wrote the song together... It has the same chord progressions as ten different Blink-182 songs, the standard changes you'd find in a Sum 41 (/wiki/Sum_41) song. It's the Sex Pistols (/wiki/Sex_Pistols) , not the Rubinoos." [187] (#cite_note-yahoomusic-187) In January 2008, the a confidential settlement was reached between the parties. [189] (#cite_note-settle-189) Influences Lavigne's earlier influences came from country music (/wiki/Country_music) acts such as Garth Brooks (/wiki/Garth_Brooks) , the Chicks (/wiki/The_Chicks) , and Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) , [178] (#cite_note-teenspirit-178) [15] (#cite_note-mirrorquigley-15) and alternative (/wiki/Alternative_pop) singer-songwriters such as Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) , Lisa Loeb (/wiki/Lisa_Loeb) , Natalie Imbruglia (/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia) , and Janis Joplin (/wiki/Janis_Joplin) . [179] (#cite_note-musicomhinterview-179) By the time she left school to focus on her music career, Lavigne was musically more influenced by skate punk (/wiki/Skate_punk) , pop punk (/wiki/Pop_punk) , and punk rock (/wiki/Punk_rock) acts such as Blink-182 (/wiki/Blink-182) , the Offspring (/wiki/The_Offspring) , Sum 41 (/wiki/Sum_41) , NOFX (/wiki/NOFX) , Pennywise (/wiki/Pennywise_(band)) , Dashboard Confessional (/wiki/Dashboard_Confessional) , Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) , the Ramones (/wiki/The_Ramones) , the Distillers (/wiki/The_Distillers) , and Hole (/wiki/Hole_(band)) . She also enjoyed metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) bands such as Marilyn Manson (/wiki/Marilyn_Manson_(band)) , System of a Down (/wiki/System_of_a_Down) , Incubus (/wiki/Incubus_(band)) , and the Used (/wiki/The_Used) , as well as alternative (/wiki/Alternative_rock) bands such as Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) , No Doubt (/wiki/No_Doubt) , the Goo Goo Dolls (/wiki/Goo_Goo_Dolls) , Radiohead (/wiki/Radiohead) , the Cranberries (/wiki/The_Cranberries) , Coldplay (/wiki/Coldplay) , Oasis (/wiki/Oasis_(band)) , Third Eye Blind (/wiki/Third_Eye_Blind) , and Matchbox Twenty (/wiki/Matchbox_Twenty) . [190] (#cite_note-capricho.abril.com.br-190) [191] (#cite_note-191) [192] (#cite_note-192) Because of these influences, musical genres, and Lavigne's personal style, the media often defined her as punk (/wiki/Punk_subculture) , something she said she was not. Lavigne's close friend and first guitarist, Evan Taubenfeld (/wiki/Evan_Taubenfeld) , said: "It's a very touchy subject to a lot of people, but the point is that Avril isn't punk, but she never really pretended to claim to come from that scene. She had pop punk music and the media ended up doing the rest." [193] (#cite_note-ultimateguitar-193) Lavigne commented on the matter: "I have been labelled like I'm this angry girl, [a] rebel ... punk, and I am so not any of them." [42] (#cite_note-ledgermoody-42) However, she has also said that her music has punk influences: "I like to listen a lot to punk rock music, you can notice a certain influence of punk in my music. I like an aggressive music, but pretty enough heavy pop-rock, which is what I really do." [190] (#cite_note-capricho.abril.com.br-190) [194] (#cite_note-194) Image I have to fight to keep my image really me ... I rejected some gorgeous publicity shots because they just didn't look like me. I won't wear skanky clothes that show my booty, my belly or my boobs. I have a great body. — Lavigne on her image early in her career [11] (#cite_note-mtvrealdeal-11) When Lavigne first gained publicity, she was known for her tomboyish (/wiki/Tomboy) style, [195] (#cite_note-vancouversun-195) in particular her necktie-and-tank-top combinations. [196] (#cite_note-nytimesnecktie-196) [197] (#cite_note-wakeupvideo-197) She preferred baggy clothes, skater shoes or Converses (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) , [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) wristbands, and sometimes shoelaces wrapped around her fingers. [14] (#cite_note-msnbcpauley-14) During photo shoots, instead of wearing "glittery get-ups", she preferred wearing "old, crumpled T's". [11] (#cite_note-mtvrealdeal-11) In response to her fashion and musical influences, the media called her the " pop punk princess (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) " [198] (#cite_note-altman-198) [199] (#cite_note-observer-199) and the female answer to Blink-182 (/wiki/Blink-182) . [200] (#cite_note-200) Press and fans regarded her as the "anti- Britney (/wiki/Britney_Spears) ", in part because of her less commercial and "real" image, but also because she was noticeably headstrong. "I'm not made up and I'm not being told what to say and how to act, so they have to call me the anti-Britney, which I'm not." [14] (#cite_note-msnbcpauley-14) By November 2002, however, Lavigne stopped wearing ties, claiming she felt she was "wearing a costume". [12] (#cite_note-ewwillman-12) Lavigne made a conscious effort to keep her music, and not her image, at the forefront of her career. [201] (#cite_note-manilamoody-201) Lavigne eventually took on a more gothic (/wiki/Goth_subculture) style as she began her second album, Under My Skin , trading her skating outfits for black tutus (/wiki/Ballet_tutu) [199] (#cite_note-observer-199) and developing an image marked by angst (/wiki/Angst) . [202] (#cite_note-mtvundermyskin-202) During The Best Damn Thing years, Lavigne changed directions. She dyed her hair blonde with a pink streak, wore feminine outfits, [203] (#cite_note-imnotobsessed-203) including "tight jeans and heels", [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) and modelled for magazines such as Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [195] (#cite_note-vancouversun-195) Lavigne defended her new style: "I don't really regret anything. You know, the ties and the wife-beaters and all ... It had its time and place. And now I'm all grown up, and I've moved on". [203] (#cite_note-imnotobsessed-203) Lavigne has been the subject of a conspiracy theory (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory) that posits that she committed suicide in 2003 and was replaced by a body double who had previously been recruited to distract paparazzi. This originated as a joke on a Brazilian blog, but it has since been embraced by some conspiracy theorists in earnest. [204] (#cite_note-204) In an interview with Australia's KIIS 106.5 (/wiki/KIIS_106.5) in November 2018, Lavigne responded to the rumour, stating: "Yeah, some people think that I'm not the real me, which is so weird! Like, why would they even think that?" [205] (#cite_note-205) Legacy Lavigne performing in 2011 during her Black Star Tour (/wiki/Black_Star_Tour) Lavigne is considered a highlight in the pop-punk and alternative rock scene, since she helped pave the way for the success of female-driven punk-influenced pop artists such as Paramore (/wiki/Paramore) , Skye Sweetnam (/wiki/Skye_Sweetnam) , Fefe Dobson (/wiki/Fefe_Dobson) , Lillix (/wiki/Lillix) , Kelly Osbourne (/wiki/Kelly_Osbourne) , Krystal Meyers (/wiki/Krystal_Meyers) , Tonight Alive (/wiki/Tonight_Alive) , Courage My Love (/wiki/Courage_My_Love) , and Hey Monday (/wiki/Hey_Monday) . [206] (#cite_note-206) [207] (#cite_note-207) [208] (#cite_note-Pieces_of_Avril-208) [209] (#cite_note-209) She has been compared to alternative female singer-songwriters of the 1990s such as Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) , Liz Phair (/wiki/Liz_Phair) , and Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) , earning a reputation as the greatest female representative of pop-punk (/wiki/Pop-punk) music, and has been called one of the female singers who best represent 2000s rock music (/wiki/2000s_in_music#Rock) . [210] (#cite_note-210) < [211] (#cite_note-211) [212] (#cite_note-fella.com-212) [213] (#cite_note-213) Lavigne also was seen as a fashion icon for her skatepunk (/wiki/Skatepunk) and rocker style. [214] (#cite_note-celebmix.com-214) [215] (#cite_note-215) Kimberley Schoeman writing for the Mail & Guardian (/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian) has referred to Lavigne as a " queer (/wiki/Queer) icon" and a "sweet spot for those realising, "I like boys and girls"". [216] (#cite_note-216) " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) ", " He Wasn't (/wiki/He_Wasn%27t) ", and " Girlfriend (/wiki/Girlfriend_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " are frequently listed among the best pop-punk songs of all time by critics. [217] (#cite_note-217) [218] (#cite_note-218) [219] (#cite_note-219) [220] (#cite_note-220) Lavigne has influenced a wide array of musical artists, including acts such as Tramp Stamps (/wiki/Tramp_Stamps_(band)) , [221] (#cite_note-221) Bebe Rexha (/wiki/Bebe_Rexha) , [222] (#cite_note-222) Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , [223] (#cite_note-223) Courage My Love (/wiki/Courage_My_Love) , [224] (#cite_note-224) 5 Seconds of Summer (/wiki/5_Seconds_of_Summer) , [225] (#cite_note-225) Yungblud (/wiki/Yungblud) , [226] (#cite_note-226) Maggie Lindemann (/wiki/Maggie_Lindemann) , [227] (#cite_note-227) Tonight Alive (/wiki/Tonight_Alive) , [228] (#cite_note-228) [229] (#cite_note-229) Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) , [230] (#cite_note-230) Amanda Palmer (/wiki/Amanda_Palmer) , [231] (#cite_note-231) Misono (/wiki/Misono) , [232] (#cite_note-232) Rina Sawayama (/wiki/Rina_Sawayama) , [233] (#cite_note-233) Hey Monday (/wiki/Hey_Monday) , [234] (#cite_note-234) Grey (/wiki/Grey_(duo)) , [235] (#cite_note-235) Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) , [236] (#cite_note-236) Kailee Morgue (/wiki/Kailee_Morgue) , [237] (#cite_note-237) Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) , [238] (#cite_note-238) [239] (#cite_note-239) MercyMe (/wiki/MercyMe) , [240] (#cite_note-240) Palberta (/wiki/Palberta) , [241] (#cite_note-241) Yeule (/wiki/Yeule) , [242] (#cite_note-242) [243] (#cite_note-243) [244] (#cite_note-244) Olivia Rodrigo (/wiki/Olivia_Rodrigo) , [245] (#cite_note-245) [246] (#cite_note-246) and Kirstin Maldonado (/wiki/Kirstin_Maldonado) . [247] (#cite_note-247) Amy Studt (/wiki/Amy_Studt) was hailed as "the U.K.'s answer" to Avril Lavigne. [248] (#cite_note-248) Lavigne has also had a significant influence on indie rock (/wiki/Indie_rock) singer-songwriters such as Pale Waves (/wiki/Pale_Waves) , [249] (#cite_note-249) [250] (#cite_note-250) [251] (#cite_note-251) Graace (/wiki/Graace) , [252] (#cite_note-252) Phoebe Bridgers (/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers) , [253] (#cite_note-253) [254] (#cite_note-254) Soccer Mommy (/wiki/Soccer_Mommy) , [255] (#cite_note-255) Snail Mail (/wiki/Snail_Mail_(musician)) , and Liz Phair (/wiki/Liz_Phair) . [256] (#cite_note-256) On the rise of mid-to-late 2010s emo hip hop (/wiki/Emo_hip_hop) and emo rap (/wiki/Emo_rap) , Lavigne has been noted as an influence on various musicians from that scene, with Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) magazine noting Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) , Princess Nokia (/wiki/Princess_Nokia) , Lloyd Banks (/wiki/Lloyd_Banks) , Vic Mensa (/wiki/Vic_Mensa) , Nipsey Hussle (/wiki/Nipsey_Hussle) , John River (/wiki/John_River_(rapper)) , Noname (/wiki/Noname_(rapper)) , and Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) . American rapper Fat Tony (/wiki/Fat_Tony_(rapper)) explained that Lavigne's influence on hip hop and rap music comes because "she [Avril] delivered a great visual catchy package [punk music, pop music and skater culture] that describes all of them." Rico Nasty named one of her alter egos, Trap Lavigne, saying "She is a perfect representation of being hard and soft [...] she hated the term punk, but she was so punk rock". [257] (#cite_note-257) A persistent internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) about a Lavigne-written song called "Dolphins" has been showing up on various lyric sites since 2007, but she did not write or record this song. The lyrics appear on dozens of lyric sites and various bands have recorded cover versions of the song that was never recorded by Lavigne. [258] (#cite_note-258) [259] (#cite_note-259) Lavigne was featured in the 2003 game The Sims: Superstar (/wiki/Expansion_packs_for_The_Sims#Superstar) as a non-playable celebrity (/wiki/Non-playable_character) . [260] (#cite_note-gamingexcellence-260) In mid-2007, Lavigne was featured in a two-volume graphic novel (/wiki/Graphic_novel) , Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes . She collaborated with artist Camilla d'Errico (/wiki/Camilla_d%27Errico) and writer Joshua Dysart (/wiki/Joshua_Dysart) on the manga, which was about a shy girl named Hana who, upon meeting her hero, Lavigne, learned to overcome her fears. Lavigne said, "I know that many of my fans read manga, and I'm really excited to be involved in creating stories that I know they will enjoy." The first volume was released in April 2007, and the second followed in July 2007. The publication Young Adult Library Services (/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services) nominated the series for "Great Graphic Novels for Teens". [261] (#cite_note-randomhouse-261) Accolades Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Avril Lavigne (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Avril_Lavigne) In 2003, Lavigne won an International Achievement Award for the song "Complicated" at the SOCAN (/wiki/SOCAN) Awards in Toronto. [262] (#cite_note-Archived_copy-262) Lavigne received eight Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nominations in two years, including Best New Artist. She has also received three American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) nominations, one Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Award) nomination, and one MTV Video Music Award (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) . Lavigne had sold more than 30 million singles and 40 million copies of her albums worldwide, [263] (#cite_note-263) [264] (#cite_note-264) including over 12.4 million album copies in the US according to Billboard . [265] (#cite_note-ask_billboard15-265) In 2009, Billboard named Lavigne the number 10 pop artist in the "Best of the 2000s" chart. [266] (#cite_note-billboardbest2000-266) She was listed as the 28th overall best act of the decade based on album and single chart performance in the US. [267] (#cite_note-billboarddecade-267) [262] (#cite_note-Archived_copy-262) Lavigne achieved a Guinness World Record (/wiki/Guinness_World_Record) as being the youngest female solo artist to top the UK album chart, on January 11, 2003, at the age of 18 years and 106 days. The album Let Go reached number one in its 18th chart week. [268] (#cite_note-268) She held the record until 2004, as the UK charts reported that Joss Stone (/wiki/Joss_Stone) 's Mind Body & Soul (/wiki/Mind_Body_%26_Soul) took it the following year. [269] (#cite_note-269) She also was the first to reach 100 million views on a YouTube video, with her 2007 single "Girlfriend". [270] (#cite_note-270) Lavigne was the first western artist to do a full tour in China, with The Best Damn Tour (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Tour) in 2008, and is considered the biggest western artist in Asia, especially in Japan, where her first three albums have sold more than 1 million copies (being the only female Western Artist since the 2000s to achieve this). [271] (#cite_note-271) Lavigne is the only artist to have performed at three different multi-sport events (/wiki/Multi-sport_events) : two closing ceremonies of the Winter Olympic Games (/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games) ( Torino 2006 (/wiki/Torino_2006) [272] (#cite_note-272) and Vancouver 2010 (/wiki/Vancouver_2010) [273] (#cite_note-273) ) and the opening ceremony of the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games (/wiki/2015_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games) . [274] (#cite_note-274) In June 2024, she was conferred with the Order of Canada (/wiki/Order_of_Canada) . [275] (#cite_note-275) Other activities Acting career Lavigne became interested in appearing on television and in feature films. The decision, she said, was her own. Although her years of experience in making music videos was to her advantage, Lavigne admitted her experience in singing removed any fear of performing on camera. She specifically mentioned that the video "Nobody's Home" involved the most "acting". [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) Her first television appearance was in a 2002 episode of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (/wiki/Sabrina,_the_Teenage_Witch_(1996_TV_series)) , [276] (#cite_note-sabrinateenagewitch-276) performing "Sk8er Boi" [277] (#cite_note-mtvsabrinanov-277) with her band in a nightclub. [278] (#cite_note-mtvsabrinaaug-278) She later made a cameo appearance in the 2004 film Going the Distance (/wiki/Going_the_Distance_(2004_film)) . The main characters bump into her backstage at the MuchMusic Video Awards (/wiki/MuchMusic_Video_Awards) [279] (#cite_note-canoedistance-279) after her performance of "Losing Grip". [280] (#cite_note-goingthedistance-280) She moved into feature film acting cautiously, deliberately choosing small roles to begin with. In November 2005, after going through an audition to land the role, Lavigne travelled to New Mexico (/wiki/New_Mexico) [281] (#cite_note-mtvflock-281) to film a single scene in the 2007 film, The Flock (/wiki/The_Flock_(film)) . [282] (#cite_note-digitalspyflock-282) She played Beatrice Bell, the girlfriend of a crime suspect, appearing alongside Claire Danes (/wiki/Claire_Danes) and Richard Gere (/wiki/Richard_Gere) . Gere gave Lavigne acting tips between takes. [282] (#cite_note-digitalspyflock-282) On her role in The Flock , Lavigne said, "I did that just to see how it was and to not jump into [mainstream acting] too fast." [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) The Flock was not released in American theatres, and because it was not released in foreign markets until late 2007, it is not considered Lavigne's debut. The film made $7 million in the foreign box office. [283] (#cite_note-mojoflock-283) Lavigne at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2006_Cannes_Film_Festival) Lavigne's feature film debut was voicing an animated character in the 2006 film Over the Hedge (/wiki/Over_the_Hedge_(film)) , based on the comic strip of the same name (/wiki/Over_the_Hedge) . She voiced the character Heather, a Virginia opossum (/wiki/Virginia_opossum) . Lavigne found the recording process to be "easy" and "natural", but she kept hitting the microphone as she gestured while acting. "I'd use my hands constantly and, like, hit the microphone stand and make noises, so [director] Tim (/wiki/Tim_Johnson_(film_director)) and [screenwriter] Karey (/wiki/Karey_Kirkpatrick) had to tell me to hold still.... It's hard to be running or falling down the stairs and have to make those sounds come out of your mouth but keep your body still." Lavigne believed she was hired to perform Heather because of her rock-star status. "[The director] thought I'd give my character... a bit of attitude". [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) The film opened on May 19, 2006, making $38 million over its opening weekend. It went on to gross $336 million worldwide. [284] (#cite_note-mojohedge-284) In December 2005, Lavigne signed to appear in Fast Food Nation (/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation_(film)) , based on the book Fast Food Nation (/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation) : The Dark Side of the All-American Meal . [285] (#cite_note-contactmusicfastfood-285) The fictionalized adaptation, directed by Richard Linklater (/wiki/Richard_Linklater) , traces fast-food hamburgers contaminated with cow feces back to the slaughterhouses. [286] (#cite_note-washingtonpostfastfood-286) Lavigne played Alice, a high school student intent on freeing the cows. [287] (#cite_note-msnbcfastfood-287) [288] (#cite_note-nytimesfastfood-288) The film opened on November 17, 2006, and remained in theatres for 11 weeks, grossing $2 million worldwide. [289] (#cite_note-mojofastfood-289) Both Over the Hedge and Fast Food Nation opened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) , which Lavigne attended. When asked if she would pursue her film career, she stated that she wanted to take her time and wait for the "right parts and the right movies." Lavigne was deliberate in the roles she had chosen, saying "I wanted to start off small and to learn. I wouldn't just want to throw myself into a big part." [177] (#cite_note-girlauinterview-177) In August 2006, Canadian Business (/wiki/Canadian_Business) magazine ranked her as the seventh top Canadian actor in Hollywood in their second annual Celebrity Power List ranking. The results were determined by comparing salary, Internet hits, TV mentions, and press hits. [290] (#cite_note-canadianbusiness-290) In September 2011, Lavigne appeared on the Hub Network (/wiki/Hub_Network) 's televised singing competition Majors & Minors (/wiki/Majors_%26_Minors) as a guest mentor alongside other singers, including Adam Lambert (/wiki/Adam_Lambert) and Leona Lewis (/wiki/Leona_Lewis) . [67] (#cite_note-abbeyhuffington-67) Products and endorsements After the release of my first album, I realized how much fashion was involved in my musical career. — Lavigne on fashion and music [67] (#cite_note-abbeyhuffington-67) In July 2008, Lavigne launched the clothing line Abbey Dawn , featuring a back-to-school collection. It is produced by Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) , which is the brand's exclusive US retailer. Named after Lavigne's childhood nickname, Abbey Dawn is designed by Lavigne herself. [291] (#cite_note-warechok-291) [292] (#cite_note-venaabbey-292) Kohl's describes Abbey Dawn as a "juniors lifestyle brand", [56] (#cite_note-kohls-56) which incorporates skull, zebra, and star patterns, purples and "hot pinks and blacks". Lavigne, who wore some of the clothes and jewellery from her line at various concerts before its official launch, pointed out that she was not merely licensing her name to the collection. "I actually am the designer. What's really important to me is that everything fits well and is well-made, so I try everything on and approve it all." [293] (#cite_note-usatodaybarker-293) The designs were also featured on the Internet game Stardoll (/wiki/Stardoll) , where figures can be dressed up as Lavigne. [294] (#cite_note-nprmouse-294) It's fun to be a chick and design clothes and things I'd like for myself. I design things I [can't] find. — Lavigne on designing clothes [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) On September 14, 2009, Lavigne took the then latest collection of her clothing line to be a part of New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , [295] (#cite_note-newyorkabbey-295) returning in 2011. [67] (#cite_note-abbeyhuffington-67) In December 2010, the clothing line was made available to over 50 countries through the line's official website. [296] (#cite_note-artistdirectrelease-296) Lavigne released her first fragrance, Black Star, created by Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) Prestige Products. The fragrance was announced on Lavigne's official website on March 7, 2009. Black Star, which features notes of pink hibiscus, black plum and dark chocolate, was released in summer 2009 in Europe, and later in the US and Canada. [297] (#cite_note-basenotes-297) When asked what the name meant, Lavigne replied, "I wanted [the bottle] to be a star, and my colours are pink and black, and Black Star resembles being different, and standing out in the crowd, and reaching for the stars; the whole message is just about following your dreams, and it's okay to be unique and be who you are." [298] (#cite_note-seacrestinterview6may-298) Black Star won the 2010 Best "Women's Scent Mass" by Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW). [299] (#cite_note-cewblackstar-299) Black Star was followed by a second fragrance in July 2010, Forbidden Rose , which took two years to develop. [300] (#cite_note-2dayfm-300) It features notes of red apple, winepeach, black pepper, lotusflower, heliotrope, shellflower, praline agreement, sandalwood, and vanilla. [301] (#cite_note-independentrose-301) Its message is an extension of Black Star's "follow your dreams", [302] (#cite_note-perfumeblog-302) though the tagline for the new perfume is "Dare to Discover". [303] (#cite_note-rosecommercial-303) The commercial takes place in a gothic (/wiki/Gothic_architecture) garden setting, [302] (#cite_note-perfumeblog-302) where Lavigne, upon entering the garden, finds a single, purple rose. [303] (#cite_note-rosecommercial-303) Lavigne launched a third fragrance, Wild Rose, in August 2011 and filmed the commercial for it in late 2010. The tagline for the fragrance is "Dare to discover more". [304] (#cite_note-304) It features notes of mandarin, pink grapefruit, plum, orange blossom, frangipani, blue orchid, musk, sandalwood and crème brûlée. [305] (#cite_note-fragrantica-305) In January 2010, Lavigne began working with Disney to incorporate Alice in Wonderland -inspired designs into her Abbey Dawn line of clothing. [63] (#cite_note-seacrestinterview26-63) Her designs were exhibited at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) in California beginning in May through September, alongside Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 's costumes from the 2010 film. [306] (#cite_note-ladowntownalice-306) Philanthropy Lavigne performing in 2011 Lavigne has been involved with many charities, including Make Some Noise, Amnesty International (/wiki/Make_Some_Noise_(campaign)) , Erase MS, AmericanCPR.org, Special Olympics (/wiki/Special_Olympics) , Camp Will-a-Way, Music Clearing Minefields, US Campaign for Burma (/wiki/US_Campaign_for_Burma) , Make-A-Wish Foundation (/wiki/Make-A-Wish_Foundation) and War Child (/wiki/War_Child_(charity)) . She has also appeared in ALDO (/wiki/Aldo_Group) ads with YouthAIDS to raise money to educate people worldwide about HIV/AIDS. Lavigne took part in the Unite Against AIDS concert presented by ALDO in support of UNICEF on November 28, 2007, at the Bell Centre (/wiki/Bell_Centre) in Montréal, Québec, Canada. [307] (#cite_note-gazettedunlevy-307) In November 2010, Lavigne attended the Clinton Global Initiative (/wiki/Clinton_Global_Initiative) . [308] (#cite_note-celebphil-308) Lavigne worked with Reverb (/wiki/Reverb_(non-profit)) , a non-profit environmental organization, for her 2005 east coast tour. [309] (#cite_note-concordiensis-309) She covered " Knockin' on Heaven's Door (/wiki/Knockin%27_on_Heaven%27s_Door) " for War Child's Peace Songs compilation, and she recorded a cover of the John Lennon (/wiki/John_Lennon) song " Imagine (/wiki/Imagine_(John_Lennon_song)) " as her contribution to the compilation album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur (/wiki/Instant_Karma:_The_Amnesty_International_Campaign_to_Save_Darfur) . Released on June 12, 2007, the album was produced to benefit Amnesty International (/wiki/Amnesty_International) 's campaign to alleviate the crisis in Darfur (/wiki/Darfur_conflict) . [310] (#cite_note-amnestydarfur-310) On December 5, 2009, Lavigne returned to the stage in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) during the biggest charity event in Latin America, " Teleton (/wiki/Telet%C3%B3n_(Mexico)) ". She performed acoustic versions of her hits "Complicated" and "Girlfriend" with Evan Taubenfeld and band member, Jim McGorman (/wiki/Jim_McGorman) . [311] (#cite_note-siglotorreon-311) In 2010, Lavigne was one of several artists (/wiki/Young_Artists_for_Haiti) who contributed their voices to a cover of K'naan (/wiki/K%27naan) 's "Wavin' Flag" as a benefit single to help raise money for several charity organizations related to the 2010 Haiti earthquake (/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake) . [312] (#cite_note-celebri-312) On September 14, 2010, Lavigne introduced her charity, "The Avril Lavigne Foundation", which aims to help young people with serious illnesses and disabilities [308] (#cite_note-celebphil-308) [313] (#cite_note-musicmixqa-313) and works with leading charitable organizations. [296] (#cite_note-artistdirectrelease-296) The foundation partners with the Easter Seals (/wiki/Easter_Seals_(U.S.)) , Make-A-Wish foundation and Erase MS. [314] (#cite_note-partners-314) Her work with the Make-A-Wish foundation was the inspiration behind her own charity, with Lavigne stating, "I just really wanted to do more." [313] (#cite_note-musicmixqa-313) Lavigne said on the foundation's website, "I have always looked for ways to give back because I think it's a responsibility we all share." [315] (#cite_note-foundation-315) Philanthropist Trevor Neilson (/wiki/Trevor_Neilson) 's 12-person firm, Global Philanthropy Group (/wiki/Global_Philanthropy_Group) , advises Lavigne with her foundation as well as several other celebrities, including musician John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) . [308] (#cite_note-celebphil-308) In September 2014, she launched a personal fundraising campaign for the Special Olympics (/wiki/Special_Olympics) as part of her birthday celebration. Proceeds from her "Team Rockstar" event helped sponsor athletes from around the world competing in the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angeles. [316] (#cite_note-316) [317] (#cite_note-317) The athletes were the stars of the music video for "Fly", which was shot in Canada. [318] (#cite_note-318) In September 2020, Lavigne announced a special livestream concert to raise awareness and funds in the fight against Lyme disease called the #FightLyme concert. The concert took place on October 25, with proceeds from all tickets and merchandise going to the Global Lyme Alliance, a chronic Lyme disease (/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease) advocacy group, [319] (#cite_note-lyme_Scie-319) and her charity, the Avril Lavigne Foundation. [320] (#cite_note-320) [321] (#cite_note-thec_What-321) Politics After winning her fourth Juno Award in April 2003, in reference to the Iraq War (/wiki/Iraq_War) , Lavigne said, "I don't believe war is a way to solve problems. I think it's wrong .... I don't have that much respect for [U.S. President George] Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) ." She also said that she was "really proud" of then Prime Minister of Canada (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada) Jean Chrétien (/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien) for keeping Canada out of the war. [322] (#cite_note-322) Personal life Tattoos Everything is always spur-of-the-moment. All of my tattoos, I decide that second and do it. — Lavigne on her tattoos [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) Lavigne's XXV and star tattoos on her right forearm, and 30, lightning bolt, and star tattoos on her left wrist As well as having some unique designs, most of Lavigne's tattoos match those of her friends. [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) Lavigne had a star tattooed on the inside of her left wrist that was created at the same time as friend and musical associate Ben Moody (/wiki/Ben_Moody) 's identical tattoo. [323] (#cite_note-mtvaction-323) In late 2004, she had a small pink heart around the letter "D" applied to her right wrist, which represented her then-boyfriend, Deryck Whibley. [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) [324] (#cite_note-ferguson2007-324) Lavigne and then-husband Whibley got matching tattoos in March 2010, in celebration of his 30th birthday. [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) In April 2010, Lavigne added another tattoo on her wrist, that of a lightning bolt and the number 30. [325] (#cite_note-dose-325) Her love of tattoos, however, gained media attention in May 2010, after Lavigne and Brody Jenner (/wiki/Brody_Jenner) each got matching tattoos of the word " fuck (/wiki/Fuck) " on their ribs. [326] (#cite_note-radaronlinetattoo-326) [327] (#cite_note-usweeklytattoo-327) Lavigne appeared in the June/July cover story for Inked magazine (/wiki/Inked_(magazine)) , where she discussed and showed off her tattoos, including an "Abbey Dawn" on her left forearm and an "XXV" and star on her right. Although she confirmed the "fuck" tattoo verbally in the article (calling it her "favourite word" [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) ) she had it applied after the magazine's photo shoot. [328] (#cite_note-inkedblog-328) She added that she eventually wanted to get a "big-ass heart with a flag through it with a name ... I'm going to wait a few years and make sure I still want it then. I have to wait for that special someone to come back into my life." [64] (#cite_note-inked2010-64) In July 2010, Lavigne had her then-boyfriend's name, "Brody", tattooed beneath her right breast. [329] (#cite_note-mtvbrodytattoo-329) In 2018, Lavigne got a traditional heart shaped tattoo with then boyfriend JaKeb Allen Munn. [330] (#cite_note-330) French citizenship Lavigne's father was born in France, and through jus sanguinis (/wiki/Jus_sanguinis) , she applied for a French passport, which she received in February 2011. [331] (#cite_note-Lavigne-331) [332] (#cite_note-French_Citizen-332) In January 2012, Lavigne sold her house in Bel-Air (/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles) (on the market since May 2011), [333] (#cite_note-realtorbelair-333) and moved to Paris to study the French language. She rented an apartment and attended a Berlitz (/wiki/Berlitz_Corporation) school. [334] (#cite_note-wennfrance-334) [335] (#cite_note-malach-335) Relationships Lavigne and Sum 41 (/wiki/Sum_41) lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist Deryck Whibley (/wiki/Deryck_Whibley) began dating when Lavigne was 19 years old, after being friends since she was 17. [336] (#cite_note-okmetcalfe-336) In June 2005, Whibley proposed to her. [337] (#cite_note-askmen-337) The couple married on July 15, 2006, in Montecito, California (/wiki/Montecito,_California) . On October 9, 2009, Lavigne filed for divorce, [338] (#cite_note-338) citing "irreconcilable differences" as the reason. [339] (#cite_note-339) Lavigne stated, "I am grateful for our time together, and I am grateful and blessed for our remaining friendship." [340] (#cite_note-340) The divorce was finalized on November 16, 2010. [341] (#cite_note-divorce-341) Lavigne started dating The Hills (/wiki/The_Hills_(TV_series)) star Brody Jenner (/wiki/Brody_Jenner) in February 2010. [342] (#cite_note-mtv.com-342) After almost two years of dating, the couple split in January 2012. [342] (#cite_note-mtv.com-342) Lavigne began dating fellow Canadian musician Chad Kroeger (/wiki/Chad_Kroeger) , frontman of the band Nickelback (/wiki/Nickelback) , in July 2012. [343] (#cite_note-huffpostkroegerwedding-343) [344] (#cite_note-seacrestpart2wedding-344) [345] (#cite_note-huffposttattoo-345) The relationship blossomed after they began working together in March 2012 to write and record music for Lavigne's fifth album. [344] (#cite_note-seacrestpart2wedding-344) [346] (#cite_note-laudadio-346) [347] (#cite_note-People2013-347) Lavigne and Kroeger became engaged in August 2012, after one month of dating. [346] (#cite_note-laudadio-346) [343] (#cite_note-huffpostkroegerwedding-343) The couple married at the Château de la Napoule (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Napoule) , a reconstructed medieval castle on the Mediterranean in the South of France, on July 1, 2013 (which is Canada Day (/wiki/Canada_Day) ), after a year of being together. [347] (#cite_note-People2013-347) [348] (#cite_note-348) On September 2, 2015, Lavigne announced her separation from Kroeger via her official Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) account, [349] (#cite_note-349) and they later divorced. [350] (#cite_note-350) Lavigne began dating billionaire Phillip Sarofim in 2018. She broke up with him in 2019. [351] (#cite_note-351) It was reported by People magazine (/wiki/People_(magazine)) that she began dating musician Pete Jonas in 2020. [352] (#cite_note-352) She later began dating Mod Sun (/wiki/Mod_Sun) around March 2021. In April 2022, Lavigne used her social media accounts to announce their engagement, which ended in February 2023. [353] (#cite_note-353) [354] (#cite_note-354) [355] (#cite_note-355) Health In April 2015, Lavigne revealed to People magazine that she had been diagnosed with Lyme disease (/wiki/Lyme_disease) after her 30th birthday in 2014. [356] (#cite_note-356) In an interview with Billboard that same month, Lavigne said that she was in the recovery process and that she wanted to increase awareness of the disease. [91] (#cite_note-Billboard-April2015-91) Lavigne has been referred to as a vegan or a vegetarian, though she has not discussed her diet publicly. [357] (#cite_note-357) [358] (#cite_note-358) Backing band This section of a biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) does not include (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any references or sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . Find sources: "Avril Lavigne" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Avril+Lavigne%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Avril+Lavigne%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Avril+Lavigne%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Avril+Lavigne%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Avril+Lavigne%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Avril+Lavigne%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Current members Steve Ferlazzo (/wiki/Steve_Ferlazzo) – keyboards, backing vocals, musical director (2007–present) David Immerman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2013–present) Matt Reilly – bass guitar, backing vocals (2019–present) Chris Reeve – drums, percussion (2019–present) Cameron Hurley – lead guitar, backing vocals (2022–present) Former members Matt Brann (/wiki/Matt_Brann) – drums, percussion (2002–2007) Jesse Colburn (/wiki/Jesse_Colburn) – rhythm guitar (2002–2004) Mark Spicoluk (/wiki/Mark_Spicoluk) – bass guitar, backing vocals (2002) Evan Taubenfeld (/wiki/Evan_Taubenfeld) – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2004) Charles Moniz (/wiki/Charles_Moniz) – bass guitar (2002–2007) Devin Bronson (/wiki/Devin_Bronson) – lead guitar, backing vocals (2004–2008) Craig Wood (/wiki/Craig_Wood_(guitarist)) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–2007) Jim McGorman (/wiki/Jim_McGorman) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2007–2013) Al Berry – bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–2019) Steve Fekete – lead guitar, backing vocals (2008–2013) Rodney Howard – drums, percussion (2007–2019) Dan Ellis – lead guitar, backing vocals (2013–2022) Timeline Discography Main articles: Avril Lavigne discography (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_discography) and List of songs performed by Avril Lavigne (/wiki/List_of_songs_performed_by_Avril_Lavigne) Let Go (/wiki/Let_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) (2002) Under My Skin (/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) (2004) The Best Damn Thing (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Thing) (2007) Goodbye Lullaby (/wiki/Goodbye_Lullaby) (2011) Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_(album)) (2013) Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(album)) (2019) Love Sux (/wiki/Love_Sux) (2022) Filmography Film and television Year Title Role Notes 2002 Sabrina the Teenage Witch (/wiki/Sabrina_the_Teenage_Witch_(1996_TV_series)) Herself Cameo appearance (/wiki/Cameo_appearance) ; 1 episode 2003 Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) Season 28, episode 9 2004 Going the Distance (/wiki/Going_the_Distance_(2004_film)) Cameo appearance; performed "Losing Grip" Saturday Night Live Season 29, episode 19 2006 Over the Hedge (/wiki/Over_the_Hedge_(film)) Heather (voice) Fast Food Nation (/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation_(film)) Alice 2007 The Flock (/wiki/The_Flock_(film)) Beatrice Bell 2010 American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) Guest Judge Los Angeles auditions 2011 Majors & Minors (/wiki/Majors_%26_Minors) Guest Mentor 2012 Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) Herself 2018 Charming (/wiki/Charming_(film)) Snow White (voice) 2022 Good Mourning (/wiki/Good_Mourning_(film)) Herself Tours Main articles: List of Avril Lavigne concert tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours) and promotional tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_promotional_tours) Headlining Try to Shut Me Up Tour (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours#Try_to_Shut_Me_Up_Tour) (2002–2003) [359] (#cite_note-359) Bonez Tour (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours#Bonez_Tour) (2004–2005) [360] (#cite_note-360) The Best Damn Tour (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_World_Tour) (2008) [361] (#cite_note-361) Black Star Tour (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours#Black_Star_Tour) (2011–2012) [362] (#cite_note-362) Avril Lavigne Tour (/wiki/The_Avril_Lavigne_Tour) (2013–2014) [363] (#cite_note-363) Head Above Water Tour (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_Tour) (2019) [364] (#cite_note-364) Love Sux Tour (/wiki/Love_Sux_Tour) (2022–2023) [365] (#cite_note-365) Greatest Hits Tour (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Tour_(Avril_Lavigne)) (2024) [366] (#cite_note-366) Promotional Live by Surprise Tour (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_promotional_tours#Live_by_Surprise_Tour) (2004) [367] (#cite_note-367) The Best Damn Thing Promotional Tour (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_promotional_tours#The_Best_Damn_Thing_Promotional_Tour) (2007) [368] (#cite_note-368) Opening act In a World Like This Tour (/wiki/In_a_World_Like_This_Tour) (for the Backstreet Boys (/wiki/Backstreet_Boys) ) (2014) [369] (#cite_note-369) Mainstream Sellout Tour (/wiki/Mainstream_Sellout_Tour) (for Machine Gun Kelly (/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)) ) (2022) [370] (#cite_note-370) See also Honorific nicknames in popular music (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) List of artists who reached number one in the United States (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_in_the_United_States) References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mardon, Austin (February 5, 2021). "Avril Lavigne" (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avril-Lavigne) . Archived from the original (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avril-Lavigne) on October 21, 2021. ^ a b Sperling, Daniel (February 21, 2011). "Lavigne: 'Siblings mocked my singing' (https://web.archive.org/web/20110222193935/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a304869/lavigne-siblings-mocked-my-singing.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20110222193935/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a304869/lavigne-siblings-mocked-my-singing.html) . Bang Showbiz via DigitalSpy.com (/wiki/DigitalSpy.com) . Archived from the original (http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a304869/lavigne-siblings-mocked-my-singing.html) on February 22, 2011 . Retrieved February 21, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-peoplekappes_3-0) Kappes, Serena; Caryn Midler (June 30, 2005). "Inside Her Life: The Middle Child" (http://www.people.com/people/gallery/0,,714142_5,00.html) . People . 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Archived from the original (http://montreal.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20020603/ctvnews869776?hub=MontrealHome949) on May 1, 2011 . Retrieved June 8, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Avril Lavigne Biography – life, family, children, parents, school, mother, young, old, information, born" (http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ge-La/Lavigne-Avril.html) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827104222/http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ge-La/Lavigne-Avril.html) from the original on August 27, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . Most inexperienced singers are backed by seasoned musicians, but Nettwerk chose to go with young performers who were up and coming in the Canadian punk-rock scene. As Nettwerk manager Shauna Gold told Shanda Deziel of Maclean's, "[Lavigne] is young, her music's young, we needed a band that would fit well with who she is as a person." ^ (#cite_ref-hitquarters_22-0) "Interview with Joshua Sarubin" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130828003920/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_Joshua_Sarubin_int.html) . HitQuarters (/wiki/HitQuarters) . April 2, 2003. Archived from the original (http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Joshua_Sarubin_int.html) on August 28, 2013 . Retrieved October 7, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-aboutlamb_23-0) Lamb, Bill. "Avril Lavigne" (http://top40.about.com/od/artistsls/p/avrillavigne.htm) . About.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160131123448/http://top40.about.com/od/artistsls/p/avrillavigne.htm) from the original on January 31, 2016 . 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Archived from the original (https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/avril-lavigne-has-always-known-exactly-who-she) on October 21, 2021 . Retrieved September 29, 2021 . ... and the impact her [Avril] music has had on the next generation of female alt-rockers. ^ (#cite_ref-207) Frank, Alex (June 29, 2017). "Paramore's Hayley Williams Still Gets You" (http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview) . Fader . The Fader. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171030085226/http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview) from the original on October 30, 2017 . Retrieved November 2, 2017 . Avril Lavigne had recently broken through, whetting the industry's appetite for punky alternatives to Britney and Christina. "I don't think I would've been signed if Avril hadn't happened," she says. ^ (#cite_ref-Pieces_of_Avril_208-0) "Pieces of Avril" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/pieces-of-avril/article993343/?page=1) . The Globe and Mail . January 31, 2004. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143310/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/pieces-of-avril/article993343/?page=1) from the original on March 17, 2017 . Retrieved March 16, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-209) Hammond, Amy. "Krystal Meyers is in the Spotlight" (http://www.soulshine.ca/features/featuresarticle.php?fid=274) . Soul Shine. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170317060206/http://www.soulshine.ca/features/featuresarticle.php?fid=274) from the original on March 17, 2017 . Retrieved March 16, 2017 . I've been compared many a time to Avril, which I can see, but you know that's because there aren't a lot of people to compare to. There's not a lot of girls that are doing like the solo, pop/punk thing ^ (#cite_ref-210) Fitzmaurice, Larry (February 15, 2019). "Exploring Avril Lavigne's Complicated Influence" (https://www.vulture.com/2019/02/exploring-avril-lavignes-complicated-influence.html) . Vulture . 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"Fella's guide to the greatest pop punk bands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111433/http://www.fella.com/life/fellas-guide-greatest-pop-bunk-bands/) . fella.com . Archived from the original (http://www.fella.com/life/fellas-guide-greatest-pop-bunk-bands/) on April 6, 2017 . Retrieved April 5, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-213) "Top 50 Best Musicians/Bands Since 2000: 20 – 11" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170406202952/http://www.themusicobserver.com/top-50-musiciansbands-since-2000/top-50-best-musiciansbands-since-2000-20-11/) . The Music Observer . Archived from the original (http://www.themusicobserver.com/top-50-musiciansbands-since-2000/top-50-best-musiciansbands-since-2000-20-11/) on April 6, 2017 . Retrieved April 5, 2017 . Forget about calling her the Pop Punk Princess; Avril Lavigne is the Pop Punk Queen. She is not only far and away the best pop punk musician of her generation ^ (#cite_ref-celebmix.com_214-0) C., Danni (February 15, 2016). 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It might be the first one ("He wasn't good enough for her"), but actually it's the second, the one where Avril might as well say "plot twist" first: "Now he's a superstar / Slammin' on his guitar." — AG ^ (#cite_ref-218) Pauker, Lance (January 22, 2014). "49 Phenomenally Angsty Pop-Punk Songs From The 2000s You Forgot Existed" (http://thoughtcatalog.com/lance-pauker/2014/01/49-phenomenally-angsty-pop-punk-songs-from-the-2000s-you-forgot-existed/) . Thought Catalog . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141010131437/http://thoughtcatalog.com/lance-pauker/2014/01/49-phenomenally-angsty-pop-punk-songs-from-the-2000s-you-forgot-existed) from the original on October 10, 2014 . Retrieved April 30, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-219) Sherman, Maria. "The 15 Best Pop-Punk Songs For Karaoke" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/mariasherm/the-15-best-pop-punk-songs-for-karaoke) . BuzzFeed . 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Retrieved November 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-227) Ginsberg, Gab. "Maggie Lindemann's Boots Were Made For Creeping" (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9514052/maggie-lindemann-interview-paranoia-ep) . Billboard . Archived from the original (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9514052/maggie-lindemann-interview-paranoia-ep) on October 21, 2021 . Retrieved January 27, 2021 . Lindemann found inspiration in Gwen Stefani and No Doubt, Avril Lavigne and Paramore – as well as Evanescence and Flyleaf ^ (#cite_ref-228) Hingle, James (August 9, 2019). "TONIGHT ALIVE'S JENNA MCDOUGALL: THE 10 SONGS THAT CHANGED MY LIFE" (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.kerrang.com/features/tonight-alives-jenna-mcdougall-the-10-songs-that-changed-my-life/) . Kerrang! . Archived from the original (https://www.kerrang.com/features/tonight-alives-jenna-mcdougall-the-10-songs-that-changed-my-life/) on October 21, 2021 . Retrieved August 16, 2020 . AVRIL LAVIGNE – SK8ER BOI (2002) "This song came out when I was 10, and I'd just started learning guitar at the time. I just wanted to be Avril so badly. I guess she wasn't really in a band, she was a solo artist, but this song was the first that made me want to pick up an electric guitar." ^ (#cite_ref-229) Cross, Will. "WHEN I WANTED TO CHALLENGE PEOPLE WITH MY IMAGE, IT WAS THROWN BACK IN MY FACE" (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/jenna-mcdougall-when-i-wanted-to-challenge-people-with-my-image-it-was-thro) . Rock Sound . Archived from the original (https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/jenna-mcdougall-when-i-wanted-to-challenge-people-with-my-image-it-was-thro) on October 21, 2021 . Retrieved August 16, 2020 . I frickin' love Avril, she was a huge idol for me, just going to throw that in there! ^ (#cite_ref-230) Gonzales, Erica (April 27, 2021). 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Retrieved August 16, 2020 . nobody back then understood my obsession with avril's second record, the worlds perfect pop masterpiece of candy-coated teen angst, not even me. ^ (#cite_ref-232) Hickey, David. "About misono" (https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/misono/id133232821) . iTunes Apple . Retrieved August 16, 2020 . Citing the likes of Avril Lavigne, Krystal Meyers, the Offspring, and Linkin Park as influences, Misono has turned to a variety of musical collaborators. ^ (#cite_ref-233) Barreto, Clyde (2013). "Rising Japanese London-based Artist Rina Sawayma Discusses Her Song Writing Influences" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200626230329/https://www.prefixmag.com/features/rising-japanese-london-based-artist-rina-sawayma-d/73431/) . prefix . Archived from the original (https://www.prefixmag.com/features/rising-japanese-london-based-artist-rina-sawayma-d/73431/) on June 26, 2020 . Retrieved April 22, 2020 . It actually all started with Avril Lavigne. 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Millard, who said the band's influences include U2, Dave Matthews Band, and Avril Lavigne, was openly amazed. ^ (#cite_ref-241) Pearis, Bill (January 21, 2021). "Palberta tell us about the influences behind their new album" (https://www.brooklynvegan.com/palberta-tell-us-about-the-pop-influences-behind-their-new-album-stream-it/) . Brooklyn Vegan . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231220121806/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/palberta-tell-us-about-the-pop-influences-behind-their-new-album-stream-it/) from the original on December 20, 2023 . Retrieved December 20, 2023 . "Together" – Avril Lavigne: This song informed the vocal production of the record. Very crisp, clear, and at the forefront. You are able to hear all the lyrics very well, which is something that a lot of music is missing. ^ (#cite_ref-242) Zhang, Cat (September 11, 2023). 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"I was nine years old when I found 'Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge' and did not understand what that was all about until later on, but the emotional lyricism and the musical aspect of it punched me when I was a kid. "Then we were listening to a lot of Avril Lavigne, the stuff that we grew up on with our iPods. Like, 'Oh we should totally do some Pixies shit, or Smashing Pumpkins!' We were listening to all this music that's very sentimental to us, because we're '90s kids." ^ (#cite_ref-244) Raza-Sheik, Zoya (October 6, 2023). "Entering yeule's rockstar cyber dimension" (https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/amplify/entering-yeules-rockstar-cyber-dimension/) . Gay Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231110171739/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/amplify/entering-yeules-rockstar-cyber-dimension/) from the original on November 10, 2023 . Retrieved November 10, 2023 . o capture this, the singer trawled through their old listening habits: Avril Lavigne, Smashing Pumpkins, and Hole. 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Retrieved October 1, 2022 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) External links Avril Lavigne at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne) from Commons Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne) from Wikiquote Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30449) from Wikidata Listen to this article ( 28 minutes ) This audio file (/wiki/File:Avril_Lavigne_Wikipedia_Article_Read_By_Jules_Ismail.ogg) was created from a revision of this article dated 16 May 2010 ( 2010-05-16 ) , and does not reflect subsequent edits. ( Audio help (/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help) · More spoken articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles) ) Official website (https://avrillavigne.com/) The Avril Lavigne Foundation (http://theavrillavignefoundation.org) Avril Lavigne (https://www.discogs.com/artist/Avril+Lavigne) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Avril Lavigne (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0103c1cc-4a09-4a5d-a344-56ad99a77193) discography at MusicBrainz (/wiki/MusicBrainz) Avril Lavigne (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1245099/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e Avril Lavigne Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Avril_Lavigne) Discography (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_discography) Promotional tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_promotional_tours) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_performed_by_Avril_Lavigne) Studio albums Let Go (/wiki/Let_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) Under My Skin (/wiki/Under_My_Skin_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) The Best Damn Thing (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Thing) Goodbye Lullaby (/wiki/Goodbye_Lullaby) Avril Lavigne (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_(album)) Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(album)) Love Sux (/wiki/Love_Sux) Live albums My World (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne:_My_World) Compilations B-Sides (/wiki/B-Sides_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) Greatest Hits (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Avril_Lavigne_album)) Video albums Avril Lavigne: My World (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne:_My_World) Bonez Tour 2005: Live at Budokan (/wiki/Bonez_Tour_2005:_Live_at_Budokan) The Best Damn Tour: Live in Toronto (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Tour:_Live_in_Toronto) Singles " Complicated (/wiki/Complicated_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Sk8er Boi (/wiki/Sk8er_Boi) " " I'm with You (/wiki/I%27m_with_You_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Losing Grip (/wiki/Losing_Grip) " " Mobile (/wiki/Mobile_(song)) " " Don't Tell Me (/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_Me_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " My Happy Ending (/wiki/My_Happy_Ending_(song)) " " Nobody's Home (/wiki/Nobody%27s_Home_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " He Wasn't (/wiki/He_Wasn%27t) " " Fall to Pieces (/wiki/Fall_to_Pieces_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Keep Holding On (/wiki/Keep_Holding_On) " " Girlfriend (/wiki/Girlfriend_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " When You're Gone (/wiki/When_You%27re_Gone_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Hot (/wiki/Hot_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " The Best Damn Thing (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Thing_(song)) " " Alice (/wiki/Alice_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " What the Hell (/wiki/What_the_Hell) " " Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Wish You Were Here (/wiki/Wish_You_Were_Here_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Here's to Never Growing Up (/wiki/Here%27s_to_Never_Growing_Up) " " Rock n Roll (/wiki/Rock_n_Roll_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Let Me Go (/wiki/Let_Me_Go_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Hello Kitty (/wiki/Hello_Kitty_(song)) " " Give You What You Like (/wiki/Give_You_What_You_Like) " " Fly (/wiki/Fly_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Head Above Water (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_(song)) " " Tell Me It's Over (/wiki/Tell_Me_It%27s_Over) " " Dumb Blonde (/wiki/Dumb_Blonde_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " I Fell in Love with the Devil (/wiki/I_Fell_in_Love_with_the_Devil) " " We Are Warriors (/wiki/We_Are_Warriors) " " Bite Me (/wiki/Bite_Me_(song)) " " Love It When You Hate Me (/wiki/Love_It_When_You_Hate_Me) " " I'm a Mess (/wiki/I%27m_a_Mess_(Avril_Lavigne_and_Yungblud_song)) " " Fake as Hell (/wiki/Fake_as_Hell) " Featured singles " Wavin' Flag (/wiki/Wavin%27_Flag#Young_Artists_for_Haiti) " " Lean on Me (/wiki/Lean_on_Me_(song)) " " Flames (/wiki/Flames_(Mod_Sun_song)) " Promotional singles " Basket Case (/wiki/Basket_Case_(song)) " " Knockin' on Heaven's Door (/wiki/Knockin%27_on_Heaven%27s_Door) " " I Always Get What I Want (/wiki/I_Always_Get_What_I_Want) " " Take Me Away (/wiki/Take_Me_Away_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " O Holy Night (/wiki/O_Holy_Night) " " I Will Be (/wiki/I_Will_Be_(song)) " " Push (/wiki/Push_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Bad Reputation (/wiki/Bad_Reputation_(Joan_Jett_song)#Avril_Lavigne_version) " " How You Remind Me (/wiki/How_You_Remind_Me#Avril_Lavigne_version) " " Baby, It's Cold Outside (/wiki/Baby,_It%27s_Cold_Outside) " " Bois Lie (/wiki/Bois_Lie) " Other songs " Bad Girl (/wiki/Bad_Girl_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " " Get Over Me (/wiki/Get_Over_Me) " " Breakaway (/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)) " Concert tours (/wiki/List_of_Avril_Lavigne_concert_tours) Try to Shut Me Up Tour (/wiki/Try_to_Shut_Me_Up_Tour) The Best Damn Tour (/wiki/The_Best_Damn_Tour) The Avril Lavigne Tour (/wiki/The_Avril_Lavigne_Tour) Head Above Water Tour (/wiki/Head_Above_Water_Tour) Love Sux Tour (/wiki/Love_Sux_Tour) Greatest Hits Tour (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Tour_(Avril_Lavigne)) Related articles Replacement conspiracy theory (/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory) Steve Ferlazzo (/wiki/Steve_Ferlazzo) Matt Brann (/wiki/Matt_Brann) Jesse Colburn (/wiki/Jesse_Colburn) Mark Spicoluk (/wiki/Mark_Spicoluk) Evan Taubenfeld (/wiki/Evan_Taubenfeld) Charles Moniz (/wiki/Charles_Moniz) Devin Bronson (/wiki/Devin_Bronson) Jim McGorman (/wiki/Jim_McGorman) Category (/wiki/Category:Avril_Lavigne) Accolades for Avril Lavigne (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Avril_Lavigne) v t e IFPI (/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry) Global Year-End Charts Artist of the Year (/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year) One Direction (/wiki/One_Direction) (2013) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2014) Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2015) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2016) Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) (2017) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2018) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2019) BTS (/wiki/BTS) (2020–2021) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2022) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2023) Album of the Year (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_year) Hybrid Theory (/wiki/Hybrid_Theory) by Linkin Park (/wiki/Linkin_Park) (2001) The Eminem Show (/wiki/The_Eminem_Show) by Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2002) Come Away with Me (/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me) by Norah Jones (/wiki/Norah_Jones) (2003) Confessions 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" – Outkast (/wiki/Outkast) (2004) " Burn (/wiki/Burn_(Usher_song)) " – Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) (2005) " Wake Me Up When September Ends (/wiki/Wake_Me_Up_When_September_Ends) " – Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) (2006) " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2007) " Girlfriend (/wiki/Girlfriend_(Avril_Lavigne_song)) " – Avril Lavigne (2008) " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2009) 2010s " You Belong with Me (/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me) " – Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2010) " Baby (/wiki/Baby_(Justin_Bieber_song)) " – Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) featuring Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) (2011) " Party Rock Anthem (/wiki/Party_Rock_Anthem) " – LMFAO (/wiki/LMFAO) (2012) " What Makes You Beautiful (/wiki/What_Makes_You_Beautiful) " – One Direction (/wiki/One_Direction) (2013) " Story of My Life (/wiki/Story_of_My_Life_(One_Direction_song)) " – One Direction (/wiki/One_Direction) (2014) " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " – Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) , Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2015) " Hello (/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)) " – Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2016) " Work from Home (/wiki/Work_from_Home_(song)) " – Fifth Harmony (/wiki/Fifth_Harmony) featuring Ty Dolla $ign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) (2017) " Shape of You (/wiki/Shape_of_You) " – Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) (2018) " Thank U, Next (/wiki/Thank_U,_Next_(song)) " – Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) (2019) 2020s " Bad Guy (/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)) " – Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) (2020) " Dynamite (/wiki/Dynamite_(BTS_song)) " – BTS (/wiki/BTS) (2021) " Happier Than Ever (/wiki/Happier_Than_Ever_(song)) " – Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) (2022) " As It Was (/wiki/As_It_Was) " – Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) (2023) " What Was I Made For? (/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F) " – Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) (2024) v t e MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) Eurythmics (/wiki/Eurythmics) (1984) 'Til Tuesday (/wiki/%27Til_Tuesday) (1985) A-ha (/wiki/A-ha) (1986) Crowded House (/wiki/Crowded_House) (1987) Guns N' Roses (/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses) (1988) Living Colour (/wiki/Living_Colour) (1989) Michael Penn (/wiki/Michael_Penn) (1990) Jesus Jones (/wiki/Jesus_Jones) (1991) Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) (1992) Stone Temple Pilots (/wiki/Stone_Temple_Pilots) (1993) Counting Crows (/wiki/Counting_Crows) (1994) Hootie & the Blowfish (/wiki/Hootie_%26_the_Blowfish) (1995) Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) (1996) Fiona Apple (/wiki/Fiona_Apple) (1997) Natalie Imbruglia (/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia) (1998) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (1999) Macy Gray (/wiki/Macy_Gray) (2000) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2001) Avril Lavigne (2002) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) (2003) Maroon 5 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Italian clothing company founded in 1958 in Prato This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rifle_(clothing_company)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Rifle" clothing company (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rifle%22+clothing+company&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Rifle is an Italian clothing company founded in 1958 in Prato (/wiki/Prato) . Filled for bankruptcy in 2018 due to increased production costs. It was most famous for their jeans during the 1980s, especially in the USSR (/wiki/USSR) , Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) , Romania, Poland (/wiki/Poland) , and Czechoslovakia (/wiki/Czechoslovakia) . [ citation needed ] It was also very popular in Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , the UK (/wiki/UK) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) , the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) and Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) between 1975 and 1990. [ citation needed ] There are upscale lines of Rifle Jeans, called Super Rifle, Golden Rifle and Royal Rifle. External links [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Official site (http://www.riflejeans.com/) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle_(clothing_company)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐wbnj6 Cached time: 20240713195316 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.169 seconds Real time usage: 0.259 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 676/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19687/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1777/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6801/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.119/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2898712/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 236.195 1 -total 27.17% 64.177 1 Template:Short_description 25.69% 60.688 1 Template:Fashion-stub 25.40% 59.998 1 Template:Unreferenced 25.04% 59.148 1 Template:Asbox 23.53% 55.580 1 Template:Ambox 16.43% 38.805 2 Template:Pagetype 12.17% 28.737 1 Template:Portal 9.40% 22.210 2 Template:Citation_needed 7.89% 18.639 2 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2352670-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713195316 and revision id 1233936017. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle_(clothing_company)&oldid=1233936017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle_(clothing_company)&oldid=1233936017) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) Clothing companies established in 1958 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1958) Italian companies established in 1958 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1958) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles lacking sources from February 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_February_2019) All articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2019) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
(Redirected from Street Style (/w/index.php?title=Street_Style&redirect=no) ) Fashion movement based on individualism Not to be confused with Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) , a style of casual clothing focused on exclusivity. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Street_style) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Street_style) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Street_style) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Street style" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Street+style%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Street+style%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Street+style%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Street+style%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Street+style%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Street+style%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic . Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting (/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) the article and/or by introducing a disambiguation page (/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation) , or discuss this issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Street_style) . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) in a modern look reflecting street style fashion, Los Angeles, 2019 Street style is fashion (/wiki/Fashion) that is considered to have emerged not from studios, but from the population at large. Street fashion is generally associated with youth culture (/wiki/Youth_culture) , and is most often seen in major urban centers. Magazines and newspapers commonly feature candid photographs of individuals wearing urban, stylish clothing. [1] (#cite_note-1) Mainstream fashion often appropriates (/wiki/Appropriation_(art)) street fashion trends as influences. Most major youth subcultures (/wiki/Youth_subculture) have had an associated street fashion. Street style is different all around the globe. Description [ edit ] The "street" approach to style and fashion is often based on individualism, rather than focusing solely on current fashion trends. Using street style methods, individuals demonstrate their multiple, negotiated identities, in addition to utilizing subcultural and intersecting styles or trends. This, in itself, is a performance, as it creates a space where identities can be explored through the act(ion) of dress. [2] (#cite_note-Neumann-2) Bill Cunningham (/wiki/Bill_Cunningham_(American_photographer)) for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) pointed street style out as a keen catalogue of ordinary people's clothing. Also, he mentioned that streets tell a great deal about fashion and people, if one listens. According to him the best fashion show is coming to life every day on the streets. Street style is a viral and instant facet of fashion that has changed many of the ways in which fashion is made and consumed. Its fast characteristic links it also to the term consumerism. [3] (#cite_note-3) Given how styles change over time, it also challenges the use of fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) in relation to the purchasing and wearing of clothing, as this conceals the complexities of practice. [4] (#cite_note-4) Development [ edit ] Street style has always existed but it has become a phenomenon of 20th century. The increase in the standardization of life after World War II ( suburbanization (/wiki/Suburbanization) , mass marketing (/wiki/Mass_marketing) , the spread of television) may be linked to the appeal of "alternative" lifestyles for individuals in search of "identity". Industrial production, particularly in the sphere of fashion, was not only the popularization of stylists' tastes that move from high fashion, through prêt-à-porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter) , to the peripheries of the system. These were also tastes that originated among economically disfavored, marginal groups, the whole range of metropolitan tribes, that are able to trigger new fashion production and diffusion processes. Hipster girls Phenomena of this kind have been studied for a long time in England and have revealed the importance of young people's street styles during the post-war period, which may be linked to the generation of baby boomers, who came to represent a new sociocultural category—the "teenager"—who has money to spend and be an important motivation on economic and cultural world. The history of identity and the history of clothing run on two parallel rails. In this connection, street style works as a facilitator of group identity and subcultural cohesion. Since the close of World War II, Western culture has seen a dramatic decline in the significance of the traditional sociocultural divisions such as race, religion, ethnicity, regionalism, nationalism, in defining and limiting personal identity. The tribe (/wiki/Tribe) groupings, such as bikers, beats, and teddy boys in the 1950s; mods, hippies (/wiki/Hippie) , and skinheads (/wiki/Skinhead) in the 1960s; headbangers (/wiki/Headbanging) , punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) , and b-boys (/wiki/B-boying) in the 1970s; and goths, new age travelers and ravers in the 1980s got dressed and unusual body decoration as an expression to create a sense of identity. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the first half of the twentieth century, although the unaccompanied figure of the woman in the street was seen increasingly in fashion photographs, she often remained bound by the pursuits of a bourgeois existence, with the reality of the street beautified as a fantasy prop for high-end fashion. As an object of gaze, her position contrasted with that of the flâneur (/wiki/Fl%C3%A2neur) and the male privileged code of visual spectatorship. It was not until the post-war (/wiki/Post-war) period, with the emergence of style-conscious magazines aimed at men, that the image of the flaneur, somewhat melded with the more modern notion of the "man about town", began to be visualized in fashion photography. Masculinity was shown to be influenced by the industrial atmosphere of the metropolis. This is illustrated by Terence Donovan (/wiki/Terence_Donovan_(photographer)) 's grainy black-and-white photographs of sharply suited men in "Spy Drama" for the October 1962 issue of Town which became famous as the visual influence for the filmic interpretation of James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) . In this period, the representation of the woman in the street was radicalized by the emergence of youth as a social category and its claiming of street culture as its primary context. [6] (#cite_note-6) Influence of sportswear [ edit ] Influence of sport practices Street style includes ordinary people who regularly wear sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) . However, it is influenced by supermodels who work for various sportswear brands. Therefore, it gets easier to influence ordinary people with the sense of sportive clothing. [7] (#cite_note-7) Skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) particularly influenced the forming of certain street styles. The image of the street style follower often corresponds with skateboarding. Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) that keep the feet from slipping on the board have been adopted by people who do not skateboard. [8] (#cite_note-8) Key sites [ edit ] Designers, street style activists, trendsetters, bloggers, fashion retailers and models influence a city's representation. These trends can mark shopping areas and entertainment locations. From the interdisciplinary perspective of consumption and consumer practices, city tourism is connected to city branding, through which a city's representation is aimed at attracting visitors and consumers. [9] (#cite_note-Skivko-9) Street style in Milan Milan [ edit ] Milan (/wiki/Milan) has several important fashion institutions, agencies and events, including Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . The expression 'capitale della moda' (the capital of fashion) refers to Milan when describing styles, urban life, fashion collections, and designers, motivating other cities to compete for this fashion, branded city status. Paris [ edit ] Paris (/wiki/Paris) 's look can be considered through frameworks of fashion fads, designers, a chic and luxury capital, artists and a bohemian lifestyle (/wiki/Bohemian_lifestyle) . Paris is an example of creating the 'city look', a collective image – certain fashion garments, specifics and lifestyles embody definite urbanity in a city's context. For instance, an image of 'La Parisienne', – the typical Parisian woman – consists not only of clothing but of certain manners, values and behavioural patterns associated with the country and its citizens. One of the most typical associations with Paris is that it is the city of love and fashion, a romantic city full of chic and luxury. The fashion phenomenon can provide strong associations and a clear understanding of Paris as a centre of fashion, love and dreams. [9] (#cite_note-Skivko-9) Japan [ edit ] Japanese fashion has inspired many fashion professionals in the West, starting with Kenzō Takada (/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Takada) 's appearance in Paris in 1970 followed by Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) in 1973, Hanae Mori (/wiki/Hanae_Mori) in 1977, Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) and Rei Kawakubo of Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) in 1981. Japan is gradually becoming a country that is a genuine force in the field of fashion. Today's Japanese fashion contributes both to the aesthetics of fashion as well as to how business is made in this industry. Japanese street fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) sustains multiple simultaneous highly diverse fashion movements at any given time. It does not come from the famous professional Japanese designers, but is led by high school girls who have become extremely influential in controlling fashion trends. These fashion-conscious, or fashion-obsessed, youngsters indirectly and directly dictate this type of Japanese fashion. It is not an exaggeration to say that they are the agents of fashion, who take part in the production and dissemination of fashion. Japanese street fashion emerges from the social networks among different institutions of fashion as well as various street subcultures, each of which is identified with a unique and original look. These teens rely on a distinctive appearance to proclaim their symbolic, subcultural identity. This identity is not political or ideological; it is simply innovative fashion that determines their group affiliation. [10] (#cite_note-10) London [ edit ] Street style in London London (/wiki/London) is considered a significant fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) , but in contrast to Milan and Paris, London's look is closer to the fashion sense of royalty, traditions and strong street style culture. [ citation needed ] The city was a pioneer in the development and promotion of second-hand markets and underground tendencies in street style. [ citation needed ] Being a multinational city with a diverse cultural background, London is identified as a space where street style embodies not only the general popular fashion concepts, but also works as a tool to express social and cultural identity. Other important aspects of London's peculiar image is a recent collaboration between the Duchess of Cambridge and Alexander McQueen fashion brand. Clothes produced for the Duchess can be called revolutionary in a certain sense, as they are woman-friendly, less pretentious and dramatic. This speaks about a certain democratization of the brand, that becomes more affordable for common consumers and perceived as a street style item rather than high fashion royal attribute. [ citation needed ] One of the major reasons London has proved itself as a street style centre in Europe is that British fashion players are seen as more open and flexible in terms of innovative approaches to fashion and cooperation with young promising talents. This attitude creates more open-mindedness and affability with regard to street style and promotion of sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) practices. [ citation needed ] New York [ edit ] The practice of photo shooting models, still in runway makeup, in front of open warehouse spaces and garages or just on the street came from the fashion capital of the United States. [11] (#cite_note-11) Starting with the Gibson Girl (/wiki/Gibson_Girl) of the 1890s, the free-spirited Flapper (/wiki/Flapper) fashions of the 1920s, and the rugged, masculine work-wear of the 1930s and 40s, American culture has been especially influential in the creation of street style, with music movements like jazz (/wiki/Jazz) , rock (/wiki/Rock_music) , disco (/wiki/Disco) , and hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) , American sports and recreational pursuits like basketball (/wiki/Basketball) , baseball (/wiki/Baseball) , motorcycle riding (/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club) , surfing (/wiki/Surfing) and skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) , countercultural movements like the hippy (/wiki/Hippy) movement, punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) , grunge (/wiki/Grunge) and associated " anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) ", and image-based cultural industries like Hollywood (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) all having exerted a significant amount of influence on New York's fashion and design. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) was the world's first fashion week. Historic fashion magazines like Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) have been the world's pre-eminent fashion publications for over a century. Neighborhoods like the East Village (/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan) , Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) , and Williamsburg, Brooklyn (/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn) have been hot spots for street style, the latter having helped give rise to the hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) revival of the 2000s and 2010s. India [ edit ] Young people posing with fancy headgear, at Science City Kolkata (/wiki/Science_City_Kolkata) , 2018 Street style in India is getting on its way by copying this style generally from Hindi cinema (/wiki/Hindi_cinema) . As Indians are always fascinated by fashion, in India, different religions help in achieving this street style. Effects of social media [ edit ] Fashion bloggers [ edit ] Social media channels have become an efficient way in fashion practices to keep in touch with the consumer base as well as increase it through brand exposure. It allows for immediate feedback from users, which makes it possible to stay up-to-date with the latest changes and trends in street fashion. Blogs that focus on fashion brands and products, street style and personal style in particular are the largest categories of the blogs. Fashion blogs (/wiki/Fashion_blog) , or style blogs, are blogs that focus on fashion and beauty and are produced by bloggers who self-identify as stylists, creating their own authentic looks and exposing them in urban spaces. Blogger Alan Cariño attending París Fashion Week As the result of the immense outspread of fashion blogs, the level of engagement between the individual and fashion industry has risen dramatically, the gap between fashion houses, publications, and individuals is narrowing. Within the everyday people can communicate via the blogosphere, sharing their personal, individualized expressions of self. By utilizing texts, including images and narratives, from fashion blogs, individuals can view, and thus, approach dress from an innovative, individualized perspective. Fashion choices are more visible, accessible, and relatable through the fashion blog space due to these sites’ availability, user-friendliness, and constant change (i.e., uploading of new images and narratives). Blogs, in contrast to traditional fashion practices, represent varied images and bodies. However, it has been found that fashion blog imagery is not that different from those bodies featured in fashion editorials: there is often an emphasis on thinness, height, and whiteness. Yet these sites also include images of women that are raced or gendered, which does present an alternative view, as well as male bodies (not common in mainstream fashion editorials for the female subscriber). [2] (#cite_note-Neumann-2) Instagram [ edit ] Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , a leading mobile application for stylizing and sharing photos on the web, has proved popular among street style amateurs and professional street style photographers with large followings. [14] (#cite_note-14) Instagram is viewed as a relatively cheap, quick, flexible, and widely available platform. It gave life to a specific Instagram-based community of street style photographers and models, who also work as an additional channel of communication from fashion providers and consumers. Consequently, many well-followed photographers started including more street style photography in their portfolios. [ citation needed ] Examples [ edit ] Examples from the 1950s (/wiki/1950s_subcultures) , 1970s (/wiki/1970s_subcultures) , 1980s (/wiki/1980s_youth_fashion) , 1990s (/wiki/1990s_youth_fashion) , 2000s (/wiki/2000s_youth_fashion) , and 2010s (/wiki/2010s_youth_fashion) include: Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) ( denim (/wiki/Denim) , bohemian style, long hair, flower power and psychedelic imagery (/wiki/Psychedelic_imagery) , flared trousers (/wiki/Flared_trousers) ) Teddy Boys (/wiki/Teddy_Boy) (drape jackets, drainpipe trousers, crepe shoes) Punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) (ripped clothing, safety pins, bondage, provocative T-shirt slogans, Mohican hairstyle) Skinheads (/wiki/Skinhead) (short-cropped hair, fitted jeans, Ben Sherman (/wiki/Ben_Sherman) button-up shirts, Fred Perry (/wiki/Fred_Perry) polo shirts (/wiki/Polo_shirts) , Harrington jackets (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) , Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) boots) Gothic fashion (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) (black clothing, heavy coats, poet shirts (/wiki/Poet_shirt) , big boots, makeup) Preppy (/wiki/Preppy#Fashion) ( argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) sweaters (/wiki/Sweater) , chinos (/wiki/Chinos) , madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) , Nantucket Reds (/wiki/Nantucket_Reds) , button down (/wiki/Button_down) Oxford cloth (/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)) shirts, and boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoes) ). See also ghetto prep (/wiki/Ghetto_prep) for a 21st-century variant influenced by hip-hop fashion. Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) (ultra-baggy pants, ECKO, Tribal Gear (/wiki/Tribal_Gear) , South Pole (/wiki/Southpole_(clothing)) , Avirex, FUBU (/wiki/FUBU) , Sean Jean, NIKE (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) ) Hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) or indie (/wiki/Indie_rock) ( glasses (/wiki/Glasses) , jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , beanies (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) , sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker_(footwear)) , ties (/wiki/Necktie) , suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) , checked shirts, beards (/wiki/Beard) ) Trendies (/wiki/Trendies) ( androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) , bright neon colors, skinny jeans (/wiki/Skinny_jeans) , printed hoodies, keffiyehs (/wiki/Keffiyeh) ) Rasta (/wiki/Rastafari_movement) ( African-inspired clothing (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) , rastacap (/wiki/Rastacap) , dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) ) Greaser (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) (Levis 501 jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirts) , leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jackets) , sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) , Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boots) or motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boots) , hair gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) ) Urban (/wiki/Urban_culture) (colorful apparel, large accent jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , skinny jeans (/wiki/Skinny_jeans) , jackets (/wiki/Jackets) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) ) Feminine ( dresses (/wiki/Dresses) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) , hand bags (/wiki/Handbag) , floral prints) Kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) (tutu skirts, pastel and pink colors, anime (/wiki/Anime) , childish and Gothic Lolita (/wiki/Gothic_Lolita) inspired accessories such as wild hair clips or bows) See also [ edit ] Bread & Butter (tradeshow) (/wiki/Bread_%26_Butter_(tradeshow)) Consumer Behaviour (/wiki/Consumer_Behaviour) Counterculture (/wiki/Counterculture) Cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) Fashion Design (/wiki/Fashion_Design) Haute Couture (/wiki/Haute_Couture) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Subculture (/wiki/Subculture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cercone, Katie (2012). "Today's Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024422/http://www.revoltmagazine.org/Issue_01/Articles/TODAYS_FASHION_article.htm) . Revolt Magazine . Vol. 1, no. 1. Public Art Squad Project. Archived from the original (http://www.revoltmagazine.org/Issue_01/Articles/TODAYS_FASHION_article.htm) on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 20 November 2014 . Cindy Hinant, a visual artist whose daily trek through Soho makes her a regular target for amateur blogarazzi stalking women for photo copy, remarks, "Street fashion has made me both paranoid and vain. Last week I had my photo taken twice in one day by two different magazines for their street fashion whatever. Now when I'm wearing something that I think is awesome I'm disappointed not to be stopped to have my picture taken. ^ Jump up to: a b Neumann, Jessica (1 January 2011). "Fashioning the Self: Performance, Identity and Difference" (https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/475) . Electronic Theses and Dissertations . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Has Street Style Jumped The Shark?" (https://www.refinery29.com/street-style-history) . Retrieved 22 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Woodward, Sophie (1 March 2009). "The Myth of Street Style" (https://doi.org/10.2752/175174109X381355) . Fashion Theory . 13 (1): 83–101. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/175174109X381355 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175174109X381355) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 191623215 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191623215) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bovone, Laura (1 December 2006). "Urban style cultures and urban cultural production in Milan: Postmodern identity and the transformation of fashion" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X06000453) . Poetics . Approaches to material culture: the sociology of fashion and clothing. 34 (6): 370–382. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.poetic.2006.10.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.poetic.2006.10.004) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0304-422X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0304-422X) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Shinkle, Eugénie (2008). Fashion as Photograph: Viewing and Reviewing Images of Fashion . London: I.B. Tauris (/wiki/I.B._Tauris) . p. 187. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4356-9994-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 312682144 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/312682144) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Loschek, Ingrid (2009). When Clothes Become Fashion: Design and Innovation Systems . Oxford: Berg (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) . p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85785-144-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 719383437 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/719383437) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Streissguth, Thomas (2008). Skateboarding Street Style . Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media. p. 12. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60014-142-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 175054476 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/175054476) . ^ Jump up to: a b Skivko, Maria (2016). "Touring the fashion: Branding the city" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1469540516635806) . Journal of Consumer Culture . 16 (2): 432–446. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1469540516635806 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1469540516635806) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1469-5405 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1469-5405) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 147022401 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147022401) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kawamura, Yuniya (September 2006). "Japanese Teens as Producers of Street Fashion" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0011392106066816) . Current Sociology . 54 (5): 784–801. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/0011392106066816 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011392106066816) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0011-3921 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3921) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 144670266 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144670266) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Luvaas, Brent Adam (2016). Street Style: An Ethnography of Fashion Blogging . London: Bloomsbury Academic (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic) . p. 40. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4742-6289-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 933297032 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/933297032) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Donoghue, Katy (5 July 2019). "The Original Influencers: Hollywood's Impact on American Fashion" (https://whitewall.art/fashion/original-influencers-hollywoods-impact-american-fashion) . Whitewall . Retrieved 19 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Christian, Scott (27 September 2018). "How Japan Turned a Mythical Version of America Into a World-Renowned Style" (https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a22804481/japan-tokyo-ame-tra-american-traditionalist-style-fashion/) . Esquire . Hearst Corporation . Retrieved 19 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Fox, Allison (1 March 2017). "The Best Instagram Accounts for Street Style and Fashion" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/instagram-accounts-for-street-style-and-fashion_us_58b4970ce4b0a8a9b7855866) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 5 July 2018 . External links [ edit ] "Why Fashion Photographers Are Flocking to Instagram" (http://mashable.com/2011/06/03/street-style-instagram/#5aUOqNz0R8qj) "New Zealand Street Style" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10742470) "When Politics Became a Fashion Statement" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/fashion/the-year-in-style-politics-dressing.html?_r=0) "Why London Deserves to be the Fashion Capital of the World" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8718111/Why-London-deserves-to-be-the-fashion-capital-of-the-world.html) "Letterman jackets" (https://clothoo.com/) by clothoo v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum 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Fort Saint Jacques Waskaganish, Québec (/wiki/Waskaganish,_Qu%C3%A9bec) Coordinates 51°29′20″N 78°45′07″W / 51.48889°N 78.75194°W / 51.48889; -78.75194 Type Fort Site information Controlled by New France (/wiki/New_France) Site history Built 1668 In use 1668-1713 Battles/wars 1686 Garrison information Past commanders Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville (/wiki/Pierre_LeMoyne_d%27Iberville) Garrison Brouillan (/w/index.php?title=Brouillan&action=edit&redlink=1) Fort Saint Jacques , Fort Rupert , or Fort Charles was a fur trading post on James Bay (/wiki/James_Bay) at the mouth of the Rupert River (/wiki/Rupert_River) . It was located in what is now Waskaganish (/wiki/Waskaganish,_Quebec) , Nord-du-Québec region, Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) . [1] (#cite_note-EB-Waskaganish-1) Fort Charles was founded in 1668 in northern western Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) on the James Bay (/wiki/James_Bay) , at the mouth of the Rupert River (/wiki/Rupert_River) . It was the first Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) post by the Médard des Groseilliers (/wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers) . It was the first European settlement in northern Canada (/wiki/Canada) . The fort was captured by the French (/wiki/France) in 1686, and remained under their control until 1713, during which period it was called Fort Saint Jacques . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-Palmer-1961-236-3) When returned to English control, it became Rupert House , and later Fort Rupert . [1] (#cite_note-EB-Waskaganish-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Waskaganish" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214160/Waskaganish) . Encyclopædia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica. 2013-03-19. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Boréal Express (1977). Canada.Québec . Éditions du Renouveau Pédagogique Inc. ^ (#cite_ref-Palmer-1961-236_3-0) R.R. Palmer, A History of the Modern World 2nd ed. 1961, p. 234. 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Indonesian model and actress In this Chinese Indonesian name (/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_name) , the family name (/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname) is (黃) Hwang (/wiki/Hwang_(surname)) . Felicia Hwang Yi Xin 黃宜鑫 Miss International Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) , Felicia Hwang Yi Xin walks in Jakarta Fashion Week (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Born Felicia Hwang Yi Xin ( 1992-04-18 ) 18 April 1992 (age 32) Bandar Lampung (/wiki/Bandar_Lampung) , Lampung (/wiki/Lampung) , Indonesia Education Bachelor of Business Accounting and Finance Alma mater Bradford University (/wiki/Bradford_University) Occupations Model actress Years active 2016-present Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) [1] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2016-1) Title Puteri Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) ( Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) ) Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) (2nd Runner-up) (Miss Best Dresser) Spouse Garry Jordan ( m. 2019) [2] (#cite_note-marriage-2) Children Timothy Duncan Jordan [3] (#cite_note-Timothy_Duncan_Jordan-3) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin popularly known as Felicia Hwang ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 黃宜鑫 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Huáng Yíxīn ; born 18 April 1992) is an Indonesian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) , She represented Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) at the Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) pageant in Japan (/wiki/Japan) , where she finished as "2nd Runner-up" and won "Miss Best Dresser" award. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Felicia repeating the same Indri Hapsari Suharto (/wiki/Indri_Hapsari_Suharto) achievement precisely 39 years back in 1977 (/wiki/Miss_International_1977) by finishing as the 2nd Runner-up in the respective Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) beauty pageant. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [1] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2016-1) She is currently serving as the ambassador of the Indonesian National Narcotics Board (/wiki/National_Narcotics_Board_(Indonesia)) . [8] (#cite_note-National_Narcotics_Board_(1)-8) [9] (#cite_note-National_Narcotics_Board_(2)-9) Personal life Felicia during Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of The Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(Indonesia)) press conference in 30 November 2016. Felicia was born in Bandar Lampung (/wiki/Bandar_Lampung) , Indonesia, on 18 April 1992 to a Chinese-Indonesian (/wiki/Chinese-Indonesian) family background. [10] (#cite_note-10) She attended SMA Negeri 2 Depok (primary-secondary) (/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Indonesia) [11] (#cite_note-11) and holds a bachelor's degree on Business accounting and finance from Bradford University (/wiki/Bradford_University) in Bradford (/wiki/Bradford) , West Yorkshire (/wiki/West_Yorkshire) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [12] (#cite_note-12) On 16 May 2016, Felicia was chosen as the Ambassador of the National Narcotics Board (/wiki/National_Narcotics_Board) of Indonesia by the head of the agency, Budi Waseso (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Waseso) . [8] (#cite_note-National_Narcotics_Board_(1)-8) [9] (#cite_note-National_Narcotics_Board_(2)-9) On 16 February 2019, she is married to Australian (/wiki/Australians) - Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesians) model and pastor, Garry Jordan. [2] (#cite_note-marriage-2) On 9 November 2019, she gave birth to her only son, Timothy Duncan Jordan. [3] (#cite_note-Timothy_Duncan_Jordan-3) Pageantry Puteri Indonesia 2016 In 2016, Felicia competed in the national pageant of Puteri Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) , representing the province of Lampung (/wiki/Lampung) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-Prestasi_Indonesia_di_Ajang_Kontes_Kecantikan_Dunia,_Bikin_Bangga-14) She ended up winning the Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) title, at the grand finale held in Jakarta Convention Center (/wiki/Jakarta_Convention_Center) , Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , Indonesia on 19 February 2016. [15] (#cite_note-15) Felicia was crowned by the outgoing titleholder of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2015 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) and Miss International Indonesia 2015 (/wiki/Miss_International_2015) , Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) of West Kalimantan (/wiki/West_Kalimantan) at the end of the event. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [14] (#cite_note-Prestasi_Indonesia_di_Ajang_Kontes_Kecantikan_Dunia,_Bikin_Bangga-14) She crowned together with Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) ; Kezia Roslin Cikita Warouw (/wiki/Kezia_Warouw) of North Sulawesi (/wiki/North_Sulawesi) , Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) ; Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) of West Sumatra (/wiki/West_Sumatra) , and Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Perdamaian) ; Ariska Pertiwi of North Sumatra (/wiki/North_Sumatra) . [18] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2016_(5)-18) Miss International 2016 As the winner of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) , Felicia representing Indonesia at the 56th edition (/wiki/Miss_International) of Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) pageant. [19] (#cite_note-19) The Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) finale was held on October 27, 2016 at the Tokyo Dome City Hall (/wiki/Tokyo_Dome_City_Hall) in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) , where Felicia was won the 2nd Runner-up position. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) This is the second time Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) placed in the Top 5 of Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) after Indri Hapsari Soeharto (/wiki/Indri_Hapsari_Soeharto) in 1977 (/wiki/Miss_International_1977) and the second highest placement Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) has ever achieved since Kevin Lilliana (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) won the title in late 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Felicia also managed to won "Miss Best Dresser" award, [23] (#cite_note-23) with Dewi Shinta (/wiki/Sita) inspired national costume dress. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) Edymar Martínez (/wiki/Edymar_Mart%C3%ADnez) from Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) crowned her successor Kylie Verzosa (/wiki/Kylie_Verzosa) from the Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) by the end of the event. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Filmography After returning to Indonesia, in 2019 Felicia received an offer to play in a film directed by Red Bull (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) entitled "The Rebels" , Felicia started acting with a number of famous actors and actresses such as Luna Maya (/wiki/Luna_Maya) , Atta Halilintar (/wiki/Atta_Halilintar) , and Valerie Thomas (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Thomas) . [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Since then, Felicia has appeared on several movies. She has acted in several television film and cinema box-office movies. Movies Year Title Genre Role Film Production Ref. 2019 The Rebels romance film (/wiki/Romance_film) as Madame Felice Red Bull GmbH (/wiki/Red_Bull_GmbH) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) See also Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) Kezia Roslin Cikita Warouw (/wiki/Kezia_Warouw) Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) Ariska Putri Pertiwi (/w/index.php?title=Ariska_Pertiwi&action=edit&redlink=1) References ^ a b "Felicia Hwang Profile - Miss International 2016 2nd Runner-Up" (https://www.miss-international.org/en/2016/contestants/profile-283.html) . Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) official website . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ a b "Bethany YHS Church - OUR PASTORS" (https://www.yhschurch.com/about/our-pastors/) . Gereja Bethany Indonesia (/wiki/Gereja_Bethany_Indonesia) . June 2, 2020. ^ a b "10 Potret Felice Hwang dan Suami yang Makin Hari Makin Mesra!" (https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/marissa-zefanya/10-potret-felice-hwang-dan-suami-c1c2/10) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) . June 20, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Indonesia wins third at Miss International pageant" (https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/10/28/indonesia-wins-third-at-miss-international-pageant.html) . The Jakarta Post (/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post) . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Indonesia bet finishes 2nd runner-up in Miss International" (https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/150548-miss-international-felicia-hwang) . Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . Retrieved October 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Felicia Hwang dari Indonesia Jadi Juara 3 Miss International 2016" (http://wolipop.detik.com/read/2016/10/27/192556/3331242/1137/felicia-hwang-dari-indonesia-jadi-juara-3-miss-international-2016) . Detik News Indonesia (/wiki/Detik.com) . 27 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Priherdityo, Endro (28 October 2016). "Indonesia Gapai Juara Tiga Miss International" (http://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20161028044025-277-168542/indonesia-gapai-juara-tiga-miss-international/) (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia (/wiki/CNN_Indonesia) . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . ^ a b "Putri Indonesia Siap Jadi Kader dan Duta Anti Penyalahgunaan Narkoba" (https://cegahnarkoba.bnn.go.id/berita-terbaru/putri-indonesia-siap-jadi-kader-dan-duta-anti-penyalahgunaan-narkoba/) . National Narcotics Board (Indonesia) (/wiki/National_Narcotics_Board_(Indonesia)) . Retrieved May 16, 2016 . ^ a b "10 Puteri Indonesia 2016 Diangkat BNN Jadi Duta Anti Narkoba" (https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3211624/10-puteri-indonesia-2016-diangkat-bnn-jadi-duta-anti-narkoba) . Detik News (/wiki/Detik.com) . Retrieved May 16, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Wanita idaman, yuk, kenalan sama Felicia Hwang!" (https://hardrockfm.com/wanita-idaman-yuk-kenalan-sama-felicia-hwang/) . PM2FPB Hard Rock FM (/wiki/PM2FPB) . June 2, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Felicia Hwang Berbeda itu Menguntungkan" (https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/63922-felicia-hwang-berbeda-itu-menguntungkan) (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia (/wiki/Media_Indonesia) . August 29, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "University of Bradford Alumni" (https://wearehomesforstudents.com/student-accommodation/university-of-bradford) . Bradford University (/wiki/Bradford_University) . June 2, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Rekor dari Lampung di Puteri Indonesia 2016, Muli Felicia Hwang Yi Xin Rebut Runner-up I (Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2016)" (https://lampung.tribunnews.com/2016/02/20/rekor-dari-lampung-di-puteri-indonesia-2016-muli-felicia-hwang-rebut-runner-up-i?fb_comment_id=865106763607244_865816026869651) (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved February 19, 2016 . ^ a b "Prestasi Indonesia di Ajang Kontes Kecantikan Dunia, Bikin Bangga" (https://www.kapanlagi.com/foto/berita-foto/indonesia/52445puteri_indonesia_berprestasi_internasional-20161028-002-rita.html) (in Indonesian). KapanLagi.com (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/KapanLagi.com) . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Cerita Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2016 Menepis Rasa Takut Berbikini di Hadapan Juri Miss International 2016" (https://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2016/11/15/cerita-puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-menepis-rasa-takut-berbikini-di-hadapan-juri-miss-international) (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved November 15, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "5 hal tentang Felicia Hwang, wakil Indonesia di ajang 'Miss International 2016' (https://www.rappler.com/world/bahasa-indonesia/profil-felicia-hwang-miss-international-indonesia) " (https://www.rappler.com/world/bahasa-indonesia/profil-felicia-hwang-miss-international-indonesia) (in Indonesian). Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . Retrieved October 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Kecantikan Felicia Hwang Peraih Runner-up Miss International" (https://foto.tempo.co/read/46856/kecantikan-felicia-hwang-peraih-runner-up-miss-international) (in Indonesian). Tempo (Indonesian magazine) (/wiki/Tempo_(Indonesian_magazine)) . Retrieved November 15, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2016_(5)_18-0) "Puteri Indonesia 2016" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/22/kezia-roslin-crowned-puteri-indonesia.html) . The Jakarta Post (/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post) . 22 February 2016 . Retrieved February 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Perjalanan Felicia Hwang di ajang 'Miss International 2016' (https://www.rappler.com/world/perjalanan-felicia-hwang-miss-international-2016) " (https://www.rappler.com/world/perjalanan-felicia-hwang-miss-international-2016) (in Indonesian). Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . Retrieved October 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Pengalaman Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan di Miss International 2016" (https://www.antaranews.com/berita/596158/pengalaman-puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-di-miss-international-2016) (in Indonesian). Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) . Retrieved November 14, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Felicia Hwang Promosikan Produk Indonesia di Ajang Miss International" (https://m.mediaindonesia.com/amp/amp_detail/77603-felicia-hwang-promosikan-produk-indonesia-di-ajang-miss-international) (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia (/wiki/Media_Indonesia) . Retrieved November 16, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Pemenang Ketiga Miss International, Inilah Profil Felicia Hwang" (https://www.solopos.com/pemenang-ketiga-miss-international-inilah-profil-felicia-hwang-764431) (in Indonesian). Solopos (/wiki/Solopos) . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Gaun Puteri Indonesia di Miss International 2016 Bertabur Puluhan Ribu Mutiara" (https://www.beritasatu.com/gaya-hidup/399227/gaun-puteri-indonesia-di-miss-international-2016-bertabur-puluhan-ribu-mutiara) (in Indonesian). BeritaSatu (/wiki/BeritaSatu) . Retrieved November 15, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Felicia Hwang Kenakan Kostum Dewi Shinta Seberat 10 kg di Miss International 2016" (https://www.beritasatu.com/hiburan/389228/felicia-hwang-kenakan-kostum-dewi-shinta-seberat-10-kg-di-miss-international-2016) (in Indonesian). BeritaSatu (/wiki/BeritaSatu) . Retrieved September 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Felicia Hwang, Catat Prestasi Gemilang di Miss International 2016" (https://www.kapanlagi.com/foto/berita-foto/indonesia/felicia-hwang-catat-prestasi-gemilang-di-miss-international-2016.html) (in Indonesian). KapanLagi.com (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/KapanLagi.com) . Retrieved March 30, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Cerita Felicia Hwang Menjadi Runner-up 2 dan Miss Best Dresser di Miss International 2016" (https://www.tabloidbintang.com/film-tv-musik/kabar/read/54097/cerita-felicia-hwang-menjadi-runnerup-2-dan-miss-best-dresser-di-miss-international-2016) (in Indonesian). Bintang (tabloid) (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_(tabloid)) . Retrieved November 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Filipino teacher wins Miss International pageant" (https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/filipino-teacher-wins-miss-international-pageant) . The Straits Times (/wiki/The_Straits_Times) . Retrieved October 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Miss Philippines wins 2016 Miss International Beauty Pageant" (https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2016-10/28/content_27203499_4.htm) . China Daily (/wiki/China_Daily) . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "The Rebels Pertemukan Luna Maya, Felicia Hwang, Valerie Thomas, dan Atta Halilintar" (https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2019/04/02/182226910/the-rebels-pertemukan-luna-maya-valerie-thomas-dan-atta-halilintar) . Kompas (/wiki/Kompas) . Retrieved April 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Intip Keakraban antara Pemeran 'The Rebels', Nomor 7 Bikin Baper!" (https://today.line.me/id/v2/article/qnQNEy) . LineToday News (/wiki/Line_(software)) . Retrieved April 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) " (https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/berita/1396973/158/the-rebels-beberkan-kisah-inspirasi-generasi-milenial) 'The Rebels' Beberkan Kisah Inspirasi Generasi Milenial" (https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/berita/1396973/158/the-rebels-beberkan-kisah-inspirasi-generasi-milenial) (in Indonesian). Koran Sindo (/wiki/Koran_Sindo) . April 18, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-32) "6 Alasan Web Series THE REBELS Wajib Ditonton Generasi Milenial" (https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/3937787/6-alasan-web-series-the-rebels-wajib-ditonton-generasi-milenial) . Liputan 6 (/wiki/Liputan_6) . April 11, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Red Bull Nation Presents "The Rebels" (https://letterf.id/red-bull-nation-rebels-webseries/) " (https://letterf.id/red-bull-nation-rebels-webseries/) . letterf.id. April 18, 2019. External links Felicia Hwang Yi Xin (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm11640695/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Puteri Indonesia Official Website (http://www.puteri-indonesia.com/) Miss International Official Website (https://www.miss-international.org/en/) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin (https://www.instagram.com/felicehwang/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Awards and achievements Preceded by Laras Maranatha Tobing (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) Puteri Lampung (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lampung) 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) Succeeded by Feriska Anggrelita (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2017) Preceded by West Kalimantan (/wiki/West_Kalimantan) – Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) Succeeded by West Java (/wiki/Jakarta) – Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) Preceded by Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) – Eunice Onyango Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) 2nd Runner-up (/wiki/Miss_International) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) Succeeded by Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) – Diana Croce (/wiki/Diana_Croce) v t e List of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) titleholders Ananda ( 2006 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2006) ) Duma Riris Silalahi (/wiki/Duma_Riris_Silalahi) ( 2007 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2007) ) Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) ( 2008 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2008) ) Zukhriatul Hafizah Muhammad (/wiki/Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad) ( 2009 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2009) ) Reisa Kartikasari Broto Asmoro (/wiki/Reisa_Kartikasari) ( 2010 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2010) ) Fiorenza Liza Elly Purnamasari (/wiki/Liza_Elly_Purnamasari) ( 2011 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2011) ) Marisa Sartika Maladewi (/wiki/Marisa_Sartika_Maladewi) ( 2012-13 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2013) ) Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( 2014 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2014) ) Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) ( 2015 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin ( 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) ) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( 2017 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2017) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( 2018 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2018) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( 2019 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2019) ) Putu Ayu Saraswati (/wiki/Ayu_Saraswati) ( 2020-21 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) ) Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) ( 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) ) Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) ( 2023 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2023) ) Sophie Kirana (/wiki/Sophie_Kirana) ( 2024 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2024) ) v t e Miss International Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_Indonesia_International) Various pageants (1960, 1968-1970, 1974-1977) Wiana Sulastini ( 1960 (/wiki/Miss_International_1960) ) Sylvia Taliwongso ( 1968 (/wiki/Miss_International_1968) ) Irma Hardisurya (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma_Hardisurya) ( 1969 (/wiki/Miss_International_1969) ) Louise Maria Maengkom ( 1970 (/wiki/Miss_International_1970) ) Lydia Arlini Wahab (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_Arlini_Wahab) ( 1974 (/wiki/Miss_International_1974) ) Yayuk Rahayu Sosiawati ( 1975 (/wiki/Miss_International_1975) ) Treesye Ratri Astuti (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treesye_Ratri_Astuti) ( 1976 (/wiki/Miss_International_1976) ) Indri Hapsari Soeharto (/wiki/Indri_Hapsari_Suharto) ( 1977 (/wiki/Miss_International_1977) ) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) (2007) Rahma Landy Sjahruddin (/wiki/Rahma_Landy_Sjahruddin) ( 2007 (/wiki/Miss_International_2007) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (2023) Farhana Nariswari Wisandana (/wiki/Farhana_Nariswari_Wisandana) ( 2023 (/wiki/Miss_International_2023) ) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) (2008-2022, 2024-present) Duma Riris Silalahi (/wiki/Duma_Riris_Silalahi) ( 2008 (/wiki/Miss_International_2008) ) Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) ( 2009 (/wiki/Miss_International_2009) ) Zukhriatul Hafizah Muhammad (/wiki/Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad) ( 2010 (/wiki/Miss_International_2010) ) Reisa Kartikasari Broto Asmoro (/wiki/Reisa_Kartikasari) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_International_2011) ) Fiorenza Liza Elly Purnamasari (/wiki/Liza_Elly_Purnamasari) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_International_2012) ) Marisa Sartika Maladewi (/wiki/Marisa_Sartika_Maladewi) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_International_2013) ) Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_International_2014) ) Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_International_2015) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) ) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_International_2018) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) ) Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) ) Sophie Kirana (/wiki/Sophie_Kirana) ( 2024 (/wiki/Miss_International_2024) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) v t e Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) placements (/wiki/List_of_Miss_International_runners-up_and_finalists#Winners) Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) ) 2nd Runner-up (/wiki/List_of_Miss_International_runners-up_and_finalists#Winners) Indri Hapsari Soeharto (/wiki/Indri_Hapsari_Suharto) ( 1977 (/wiki/Miss_International_1977) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) ) Top 8-10 Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_International_2014) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) ) Top 15 Treesye Ratri Astuti (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treesye_Ratri_Astuti) ( 1976 (/wiki/Miss_International_1976) ) Rahma Landy Sjahruddin (/wiki/Rahma_Landy_Sjahruddin) ( 2007 (/wiki/Miss_International_2007) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_International_2018) ) Special Awards Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) ( Miss Popularity 2009 (/wiki/Miss_International_2009) ) Zukhriatul Hafizah Muhammad (/wiki/Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad) ( Miss Friendship 2010 (/wiki/Miss_International_2010) ) Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( Best National Costume 2014 (/wiki/Miss_International_2014) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin ( Miss Best Dresser 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) ) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( Miss Best Dresser 2017, Miss Popularity 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( Miss Panasonic Beauty 2018 (/wiki/Miss_International_2018) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( Miss Popularity 2019, Miss Panasonic Beauty 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) ) Farhana Nariswari Wisandana (/wiki/Farhana_Nariswari_Wisandana) ( Best in Evening Gown 2023 (/wiki/Miss_International_2023) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) List of Miss International titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_International_titleholders) List of Miss International runners-up and finalists (/wiki/List_of_Miss_International_runners-up_and_finalists) v t e Miss International 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) national titleholders Yoana Don (/wiki/Yoana_Don) Rewati Chetri (/wiki/Rewati_Chetri) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin Barsha Lekhi (/wiki/Barsha_Lekhi) Danea Panta (/wiki/Danea_Panta) Kylie Verzosa (/wiki/Kylie_Verzosa) Gabriela Berrios (/wiki/Gabriela_Berrios) Maria Taipaleenmäki (/wiki/Maria_Taipaleenm%C3%A4ki) Romy Simpkins (/wiki/Romy_Simpkins) Jessica Duarte (/wiki/Jessica_Duarte) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐t95d5 Cached time: 20240720053346 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.868 seconds Real time usage: 1.274 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7321/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 121572/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15137/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 161401/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.529/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26259959/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report 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Maria Lucia Hohan Nationality Romanian Occupation Fashion Designer Maria Lucia Hohan is a Romanian (/wiki/Romania) fashion designer and entrepreneur. She is the creative director of the eponymous brand, established in 2003. Early life & education [ edit ] Hohan was born in Romania. She studied at and graduated from the LISAA School of Art & Design (/wiki/LISAA_School_of_Art_%26_Design) in Paris. [1] (#cite_note-city-1) Career [ edit ] Early in her career, she worked as a fashion illustrator for an Italian design house in Milan. [1] (#cite_note-city-1) In 2003, Maria Lucia Hohan opened her own studio in Bucharest (/wiki/Bucharest) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Under her namesake label, Maria Lucia created a new category of bridal and evening gowns. Hohan began gaining international recognition once her creations were worn by names such as Beyonce (/wiki/Beyonce) , Katherine Heigl (/wiki/Katherine_Heigl) , Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) , Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , Kelly Osbourne (/wiki/Kelly_Osbourne) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) , Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , and Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) . [7] (#cite_note-None-7) Her brand, Maria Lucia Hohan, has since grown to operate internationally. One of Hohan's designs was recognized by the 2022 NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/2022_NAACP_Image_Awards) ; her dress was worn by actress Logan Browning (/wiki/Logan_Browning) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Hohan is sold by stores across the world in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , London (/wiki/London) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) , São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) and Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) . [7] (#cite_note-None-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Doris Sangeorzan (November 4, 2011). "MARIA LUCIA HOHAN, DESIGNER OF EXQUISITE DRESSES, IS FINALLY ENJOYING HER RED-CARPET MOMENT" (https://thestylishcity.com/maria-lucia-hohan-designer-of-exquisite-dresses-is-finally-enjoying-her-red-carpet-moment) . Stylish City . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Maria Lucia Hohan, designerul care a dus moda romaneasca pe covorul rosu din Cetatea Filmului" (https://www.perfecte.ro/in-focus/maria-lucia-hohan-designerul-care-a-dus-moda-romaneasca-pe-covorul-rosu-din-cetatea-filmului.html) . Perfecte . November 24, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Whitney Bauck (April 26, 2016). "Beyonce's 'Lemonade' a 'Very Special Moment' for the Designer Behind 'Freedom' Dress (Exclusive)" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/beyonce-lemonade-freedom-dress-maria-lucia-hohan-interview-7348365/) . Billboard . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lindsey Sirera (November 13, 2014). "Red Carpet Rewind! All of Katherine Heigl's Best Looks" (https://www.eonline.com/news/594437/red-carpet-rewind-all-of-katherine-heigl-s-best-looks) . E! News . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ella Stewart (April 2, 2012). "Who Was Best Dressed at the Kids' Choice Awards?" (https://www.eonline.com/news/305667/who-was-best-dressed-at-the-kids-choice-awards) . E! News . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Five RO entrepreneurs a week: Zebra Pay, Librarium, Papa La Soni, Maria Lucia Hohan, Pomello" (https://www.romania-insider.com/five-ro-entrepreneurs-a-week-zebra-pay-librarium-papa-la-soni-maria-lucia-hohan-pomello) . Romania Insider . March 30, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "Analysis: Romanians design for the stars" (https://business-review.eu/news/analysis-romanians-design-for-the-stars-135392) . BR . April 17, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "NAACP Image Awards 2022: Logan Browning's Most Memorable Looks From The NAACP Image Awards" (https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/ztqqjs/naacp-image-awards-2022-logan-browning-s-most-memorable-looks-from-the-naacp-image-awards/6hnf5d) . BET . This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Scottish company Barrie is a Scottish company specialising in the production of cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) collections. Founded in the Borders (/wiki/Scottish_Borders) in 1903, Barrie was acquired by Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) in 2012. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) A "Barrie" brand was launched in 2014. History [ edit ] In 1903, Walter Barrie and Robert Kersel opened a factory specialised in the production of high-quality stockings. Located in Hawick (/wiki/Hawick) , Barrie thus manufactured two-tone model designed by Gabrielle Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) in the 1920s. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In 1962, the company took the name of Barrie Knitwear Ltd. In 1975, it moved to a new factory in Burnfoot (/wiki/Burnfoot,_Hawick) specially designed for cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) . Barrie started working for names in fashion such as Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , an activity that continues to this day. In October 2012, Barrie Knitwear Ltd was acquired by Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Barrie presented its first own-label collection for fall-winter 2014–2015. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Each collection is designed in the House of Barrie's design studio in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , and then produced in Hawick (/wiki/Hawick) , Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) . In 2014, Barrie opened its first shop in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , [3] (#cite_note-3) followed by a second in London (/wiki/London) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Today, the brand is active in 22 countries. Scottish tradition [ edit ] Knitting was an important activity in the Scottish isles (/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Families generally made sweaters, socks and accessories. Wool contains natural oils that offered fishermen essential protection as they went off to sea. This activity was industrialized in 1771 with the arrival of four looms. In 1845, more than 2,000 of Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) 's 2,605 looms were located in the Scottish Borders (/wiki/Scottish_Borders) , and the city of Hawick (/wiki/Hawick) alone accounted for half of these. The Barrie brand [ edit ] Since the brand inaugurated its Paris (/wiki/Paris) studio in 2014, four collections per year have been designed in the French capital (/wiki/Paris) . Sketches are sent to the workshop in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) , where the knitting machines are programmed according to the measurements and patterns of each garment. [5] (#cite_note-5) Barrie offers pullovers, cardigans, skirts, dresses, trousers, overcoats, T-shirts, beanies, gloves, etc. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Some Barrie clothing and accessories are recognizable thanks to iconic thistle knitted in 3D. This technique makes bold stylistic innovation possible, enhancing knitwear with simple or sophisticated relief textures using tone-on-tone or contrasting colors. Buttons, manufactured by artisans such as the costume jeweler Desrues, Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) 's traditional supplier of buttons and accessories, are decorated or painted by hand to feature the Barrie logo in tone-on-tone porcelain. With the announcement of its new artistic director, Augustin Dol-Maillot, Barrie begins a new chapter in its history with its Spring-Summer 2019 Collection. Transmission of expertise [ edit ] The company established a training center in 2012 to help young people acquire the technical skills necessary to work for the company. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Chanel rachète le cachemire écossais Barrie Knitwear" (http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/arts/mode/chanel-rachete-le-cachemire-ecossais-barrie-knitwear-121237) . Culturebox . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ a b Chayette, Sylvie (3 March 2014). "Barrie, le charme discret de la maille écossaise" (http://www.lemonde.fr/mode/article/2014/03/03/barrie-le-charme-discret-de-la-maille-ecossaise_4376555_1383317.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French) . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Hello Barrie" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/hello-barrie-230614-875078) . Madame Figaro (in French) . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Chanel's Empire Reaches London" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/chanel-stores-burlington-arcade-barrie-maison-michel) . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Magazine, Wallpaper* (5 December 2012). "A tour of Barrie Knitwear in Scotland \| Fashion \| Wallpaper* Magazine" (https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/a-tour-of-barrie-knitwear-in-scotland) . Wallpaper* . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_6-0) "Barrie, la griffe parisienne de cachemires "made in Scotland" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/barrie-la-griffe-parisienne-de-cachemires-made-in-scotland-160117-129141) " (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/barrie-la-griffe-parisienne-de-cachemires-made-in-scotland-160117-129141) . Madame Figaro (in French) . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Marles, Gillian (21 February 2015). "Hawick firm cashes in on cashmere" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-31547588) . BBC News . Retrieved 15 September 2017 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20170924110106/http://www.barrie.com/en_GB) This article about a company of Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American ski equipment brand This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/4FRNT_Skis) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "4FRNT Skis" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%224FRNT+Skis%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%224FRNT+Skis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%224FRNT+Skis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%224FRNT+Skis%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%224FRNT+Skis%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%224FRNT+Skis%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) 4FRNT Skis, LLC Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Sports (/wiki/Sport_industry) Founded 2002 ; 22 years ago ( 2002 ) in Truckee, California (/wiki/Truckee,_California) , US Headquarters Burlington, Vermont , US Products Skis (/wiki/Ski) , poles (/wiki/Ski_pole) , bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) Website 4frnt.com (https://4frnt.com/) 4FRNT Skis is an independent brand of alpine ski equipment that helped to pioneer the development of the freeskiing (/wiki/Freeskiing) movement. 4FRNT introduced the model of a skier-owned and operated ski company [1] (#cite_note-1) to the sport. Products manufactured by 4FRNT include skis (/wiki/Ski) , poles (/wiki/Ski_pole) , bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) , and accessories. History [ edit ] 4FRNT Skis was founded by professional skier Matt Sterbenz in 2002 [2] (#cite_note-2) in a garage in Truckee, CA and moved to a factory in 2003. In 2004 4FRNT products were unveiled at the Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley) SIA show, the company's first park ski went into production. 4FRNT moved to a new headquarters in Salt Lake City in 2005. In 2017 Jason Levinthal acquired the company and moved home base to Burlington, VT. In 2020 Jason Levinthal sold the company to Charlie Johnson, Ebi Lange, & Will Armenta. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2006 production was outsourced to Europe. 4FRNT changed its logo in 2007. CR Johnson (/wiki/CR_Johnson) joined the 4FRNT team in 2009, delivering new concepts to ski design, as a new owner is brought in. While they are American owned, the majority of products are produced in Canada and Europe. The White Room [ edit ] The white room was first introduced in 2010. The White Room served as a production and prototype facility, a number of different models were produced in house in Salt Lake City (/wiki/Salt_Lake_City) , Utah (/wiki/Utah) . The design and manufacture of such skis, (for example the Renegade) were done in the White Room until 2017. Although the ski press has since been relocated to Washington, the idea of the White Room lives on. Athletes, designers, engineers, and testers are in constant collaboration to keep designs fresh and innovative. They now work with their factories to produce prototypes that can be shipped to riders worldwide to test and give feedback on. Team [ edit ] Team consists of Eric Hjorleifson and Thayne Rich. With other core freeride skiers from across the world. [4] (#cite_note-4) Products [ edit ] 4FRNT manufactures skis, poles, gear and apparel. Skis are produced at Utopie MFG in Canada and Elan in Slovenia. Notable skis, past and present [ edit ] RENEGADE - White Room Signature Series - The brainchild of Eric Hjorleifson prototyped and produced in 4FRNT's SLC White Room. A reverse camber, matching sidecut powder ski. Raven - White Room Signature Series - The final chapter in the trilogy of Eric Hjorleifson's full reverse camber quiver. Ideal for backcountry use and ski mountaineering. HOJI - New Eric Hjorliefson pro model ski, which replaced the EHP for the 2012/2013 season. MSP99 - Matt Sterbenz Signature Model - Traditional camber dual radius sidecut all mountain ski MSP107 - Matt Sterbenz Signature Model - Tradition camber dual radius sidecut powder focused all mountain ski. Devastator - A 4FRNT staple. Fully redesigned in 2020, debuting 4FRNT's new multi radius rocker profile, increasing all mountain and powder performance. Replaced the Turbo - all mountain InThayne- Thayne Rich Promodel- Full rockered Freestyle Backcountry ski Switch - Traditional camber all mountain freestyle ski References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hjorleifson, helped made possible by Cody Barnhill in 4F ^ (#cite_ref-2) brainchild of Eri ^ (#cite_ref-3) "You are being redirected..." (https://blisterreview.com/podcasts/jason-levinthal-4frnts-new-ownership-group-ep-114) blisterreview.com . Retrieved 2022-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "4FRNT Skis Team: Meet Our Team \| 4FRNT" (https://4frnt.com/blogs/team) . 4FRNT Skis . Retrieved 2022-12-09 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://4frnt.com/) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4FRNT_Skis&oldid=1229597726 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4FRNT_Skis&oldid=1229597726) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ski equipment manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Ski_equipment_manufacturers) American brands (/wiki/Category:American_brands) 2002 establishments in California (/wiki/Category:2002_establishments_in_California) Sports equipment makers (/wiki/Category:Sports_equipment_makers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from December 2013 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2013) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references)
Cosmetics company NYX Professional Makeup NYX store in Paris, France Industry Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Founded 1999 ; 25 years ago ( 1999 ) Founder Toni Ko (/wiki/Toni_Ko) Headquarters Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) , U.S. Area served Worldwide Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) Website www (http://www.nyxcosmetics.com) .nyxcosmetics (http://www.nyxcosmetics.com) .com (http://www.nyxcosmetics.com) NYX Professional Makeup ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) n ɪ k s / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ) is an American cosmetics company that is a subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) of L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . The company was founded in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) by Toni Ko (/wiki/Toni_Ko) in 1999. It was named after Nyx (/wiki/Nyx) , the Greek goddess of the night. [1] (#cite_note-Forbes-1) NYX Professional Makeup is "certified" and acknowledged by PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) as a cruelty-free brand, [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) and they offer a wide range of vegan (/wiki/Veganism) -friendly products. [4] (#cite_note-4) [ third-party source needed ] NYX products are sold in over 70 countries at thousands of retailers, ranging from specialty beauty and fashion stores to freestanding shops and the brand's corporate website. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Toni Ko founded NYX Cosmetics when she was 25 using a $250,000 loan from her parents. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Ko knew a guy from New Jersey who made pencils, from there, she started with six eyeliners and 12 lip liners, priced at $1.99 and was sold out in less than 30 days. [7] (#cite_note-7) The company's first products were jumbo eye pencils, [8] (#cite_note-history-8) which brought in revenue of $2 million within the first year. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) The products were initially sold only to beauty professionals before Ko expanded sale to mass-market outlets. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) The products were marketed as having "department store beauty" while being sold at "drugstore prices." [1] (#cite_note-Forbes-1) In 2011, NYX launched the Freedom and Artistry for Creative Expression (FACE) awards competition. [9] (#cite_note-9) Sales in 2014 were $120 million. [10] (#cite_note-KoreaHerald-10) Ulta Beauty (/wiki/Ulta_Beauty) carries mass market NYX products. [11] (#cite_note-11) L'Oréal acquisition [ edit ] In 2014, Ko sold NYX to the French beauty company L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) for $500 million. [1] (#cite_note-Forbes-1) The sale had a five-year non-compete clause (/wiki/Non-compete_clause) . [12] (#cite_note-LA_Times-12) NYX Cosmetics continues under other management as a part of L'Oréal, and now provides products including lipstick, lip gloss, and mineral foundation. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) In September 2015, L'Oréal introduced brick-and-mortar stores (/wiki/Brick_and_mortar) devoted to NYX cosmetics. [13] (#cite_note-13) NYX currently operates standalone stores in Australia, Austria, Armenia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Estonia, France, Germany, India, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Serbia, Spain, the UK, and the USA. In 2016, NYX reported annual sales growth of 4.7 percent and launched NYX Professional Makeup. [14] (#cite_note-bof2016-14) Masterclass Program [ edit ] In September 2018, NYX launched Masterclass, an exclusive online educational content library featuring a group of professional makeup artists and top beauty vloggers. [15] (#cite_note-15) The program aims to provide consumers of all skill sets with accessible, professional-grade makeup education. [16] (#cite_note-16) Partnerships [ edit ] On March 6, 2019, NYX announced their first exclusive cosmetics sponsorship of the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) . [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) The partnership will provide guests access to innovative digital beauty experiences on the festival grounds, ranging from an interactive beauty bar and touch up area fully equipped with glitter makeup and a glitter fountain, to a massive lip and tongue slide. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) On June 23, 2021, esports (/wiki/Esports) organization Dignitas (/wiki/Dignitas_(esports)) announced NYX as its "official beauty partner", including branded content via its women's esports platform Radiant, and sponsorship of its women's Counter Strike: Global Offensive (/wiki/Counter-Strike:_Global_Offensive) and Valorant (/wiki/Valorant) teams. [18] (#cite_note-18) References [ edit ] ^ a b c O'Connor, Claire (2016-06-01). "Banking On Beauty: Tea and Milica Built NYX Cosmetics Into A $500 Million Brand" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2016/06/01/toni-ko-nyx-cosmetics-loreal-sale-richest-women/#1a0a41265ac0) . Forbes . Retrieved 2016-11-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "FAQs \| NYX Professional Makeup" (https://www.nyxcosmetics.com/faqs.html) . www.nyxcosmetics.com . Retrieved 2019-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) img. "Is NYX Professional Makeup (L'Oreal) Cruelty-Free? \| PETA" (https://crueltyfree.peta.org/company/nyx-professional-makeup-loreal/) . Beauty Without Bunnies . Retrieved 2022-07-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Vegan Formula \| NYX Professional Makeup" (https://www.nyxcosmetics.com/vegan-formula) . www.nyxcosmetics.com . Retrieved 2019-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "NYX Professional MakeUp - L'Oréal Group" (https://www.loreal.com/brand/consumer-products-division/nyx-professional-makeup) . www.loreal.com . Retrieved 2019-03-28 . ^ a b c d Bhagw, Anita (2016-04-21). "You need to know about NYX cosmetics, stat!" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty-news/nyx-cosmetics-1-10380) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 2019-12-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Larkworthy, Jane (2020-01-24). "This Beauty Expert Thinks Overdone Makeup Is Over" (https://www.thecut.com/2020/01/the-creator-of-nyx-cosmetics-is-just-getting-started.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2020-09-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-history_8-0) Jacques, Renee (2016-02-24). "5 Things You Didn't Know About NYX Cosmetics" (http://www.allure.com/story/nyx-cosmetics-history) . Allure . Retrieved 2016-11-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Cosmetics, N. Y. X. "NYX Cosmetics Names Mykie of Glam&Gore its Beauty Vlogger of the Year at the Fourth Annual NYX FACE Awards Show" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nyx-cosmetics-names-mykie-of-glamgore-its-beauty-vlogger-of-the-year-at-the-fourth-annual-nyx-face-awards-show-300132754.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved 2021-07-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-KoreaHerald_10-0) Seo-young, Lee (2016-07-15). "NYX Cosmetics' Toni Ko, one of Forbes' richest self-made women" (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160715000262) . The Korea Herald . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Holmes, Elizabeth (2016-06-21). "A beauty retailer that knows what you want" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-beauty-retailer-that-knows-what-you-want-1466536921) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-LA_Times_12-0) White, Ronald (2016-04-17). "Toni Ko's next fortune could be made in shades" (http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-himi-ko-20160417-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Directo-Meston, Danielle (2015-09-25). "Nyx Cosmetics Is Opening Budget-Friendly Beauty Shops This Fall" (http://la.racked.com/2015/9/25/9397933/nyx-cosmetics-los-angeles-stores) . Vox Media . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-bof2016_14-0) Buckley, Thomas (2016-11-04). "L'Oréal Shares Surge as Demand Grows for Premium Makeup" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/loreal-shares-surge-as-demand-grows-for-premium-makeup) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Makeup, NYX Professional. "NYX Professional Makeup Launches Educational Masterclass Program" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nyx-professional-makeup-launches-educational-masterclass-program-300719214.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved 2021-07-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Makeup, NYX Professional. "NYX Professional Makeup Launches Educational Masterclass Program" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nyx-professional-makeup-launches-educational-masterclass-program-300719214.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved 2019-03-19 . ^ a b Zimmerman, Kelsi (6 March 2019). "One Of Your Fave Makeup Brands Will Be Bringing The Glow To Coachella This Year" (https://www.elitedaily.com/p/nyx-professional-makeup-is-partnering-with-coachella-so-the-glitter-wont-stop-this-festival-season-16815960) . Elite Daily . Retrieved 2019-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Hyrliková, Henrieta (2021-06-23). "Dignitas announces NYX Professional Makeup partnership" (https://www.esportsinsider.com/2021/06/dignitas-nyx-professional-makeup-partnership/) . Esportsinsider . Retrieved 2022-03-22 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to NYX Professional Makeup (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NYX_Professional_Makeup) . 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AADNEVIK AADNEVIK Summer 2022 Collection Company type Privately held company Industry Fashion Founded 2013 Founder Hila Aadnevik, Kristian Aadnevik Headquarters Knightsbridge (/wiki/Knightsbridge) , London Products Ready-to-wear and Couture Website www (https://www.aadnevik.com/) .aadnevik (https://www.aadnevik.com/) .com (https://www.aadnevik.com/) Fashion Design Brand AADNEVIK (stylized in caps) is a British luxury fashion brand. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) The brand provides haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , ready-to-wear clothes (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) , bridal clothing, loungewear (/wiki/Loungewear) and fashion accessories. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It was founded in 2013 by Hila and Kristian Aadnevik (/wiki/Kristian_Aadnevik) , [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) and is based in Knightsbridge (/wiki/Knightsbridge) , London. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) History [ edit ] London-based Norwegian fashion designer Kristian Aadnevik (/wiki/Kristian_Aadnevik) had established a self-titled label in 2004, which is a different brand from AADNEVIK. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Kristian stopped operating the "Kristian Aadnevik" brand in 2013 and opened the new brand "Aadnevik" when he met his wife Hila. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The couple met in London in 2012, where Kristian was studying womenswear at the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) Hila is a self-taught designer. [10] (#cite_note-10) Their first collection was titled "Moth" and was inspired by the appearance of the moth (/wiki/Moth) and its cocoon. [11] (#cite_note-11) The label has been featured at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) several times. [12] (#cite_note-:6-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) At London Fashion Week 2019, Aadnevik unveiled a collection inspired by Leo Tolstoy (/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy) ’s novel Anna Karenina (/wiki/Anna_Karenina) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In October 2020, the National Museum (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design) in Oslo, Norway purchased one of the brand’s designs for its fashion collection, [17] (#cite_note-17) which went on display in Spring 2021. [ citation needed ] In 2020, the brand announced its luxury loungewear line. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) [18] (#cite_note-18) AADNEVIK has designed and provided clothing for celebrities such as Beyonce (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) [12] (#cite_note-:6-12) and international celebrities such as Ananya Panday (/wiki/Ananya_Panday) , [19] (#cite_note-19) Malaika Arora (/wiki/Malaika_Arora) , Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) , and Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) . [20] (#cite_note-20) One of AADNEVIK's designs was worn by Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) in her music video for the song " Come and Get It (/wiki/Come_%26_Get_It_(Selena_Gomez_song)) ", and another in the " Rare (/wiki/Rare_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " video. [21] (#cite_note-21) In September 2022, AADNEVIK presented at the London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) The brand’s 2022 Autumn/Winter collection was titled “Wolf Moon” and was inspired by Norse mythology (/wiki/Norse_mythology) . [24] (#cite_note-24) AADNEVIK was also featured in the 72nd issue of London Runway magazine, which was published in 2022. [25] (#cite_note-:7-25) Models such as Marianne Fonseca, [25] (#cite_note-:7-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) Amelia Gray Hamlin (/wiki/Amelia_Gray_Hamlin) , [27] (#cite_note-27) and Maya Henry [25] (#cite_note-:7-25) have walked the catwalk for AADNEVIK. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "What's it like to dress Kendall Jenner?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-47197952) . BBC News . 17 February 2019 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Hila and Kristian Aadnevik are the red carpet couturiers celebrities love" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/hila-and-kristian-aadnevik-are-the-red-carpet-couturiers-celebrities-love) . www.voguescandinavia.com . 21 September 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "What do Selena Gomez, Anushka Sharma, Malaika Arora and Sonakshi Sinha have in common? We find out" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/what-do-selena-gomez-anushka-sharma-malaika-arora-and-sonakshi-sinha-have-in-common-we-find-out/story-d69tznyoAjaN7mQjzyGDdI.html) . Hindustan Times . 23 October 2019 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Armitage, Helen (20 July 2015). "Norwegian Fashion Designers You Should Know" (https://theculturetrip.com/europe/norway/articles/the-10-norwegian-fashion-designers-you-should-know/) . Culture Trip . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Here's what Kylie Minogue and Shakira have in common" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/style/here-s-what-kylie-minogue-and-shakira-have-in-common/cid/1686957) . www.telegraphindia.com . 16 March 2019 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Hila and Kristan Aadnevik" (https://issuu.com/josemariajimenezsantana/docs/qp22) . QP Magazine . April 2019. pp. 80–83 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nicole Kidman, if you're reading this; here's your man!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120308121748/http://www.norway.org.uk/News_and_events/culture/fashion/kristian/) . norway.org.uk . 8 March 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.norway.org.uk/News_and_events/culture/fashion/kristian/) on 8 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Aadnevik presents new collection at LFW" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120308121755/http://www.norway.org.uk/News_and_events/culture/fashion/aadnevik_ss08/) . norway.org.uk . 8 March 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.norway.org.uk/News_and_events/culture/fashion/aadnevik_ss08/) on 8 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Inside the Rue Saint Honoré Store That Encourages Parisians To Wear More Color" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/paris-shopping-guide-croissette-55-croisette) . W Magazine . 3 March 2017 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "AADNEVIK Spring/Summer 2022 during London Fashion Week" (https://fabukmagazine.com/aadnevik-spring-summer-2022-during-london-fashion-week/) . Fabuk Magazine . 21 September 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Discover Kristian Aadnevik: One of This Season's Most Promising Designers" (https://www.thefashionspot.com/runway-news/176555-discover-kristian-aadnevik-one-of-this-seasons-most-promising-designers/) . theFashionSpot . 1 October 2012 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Harrogate hairdresser shines at London Fashion Week's most sought-after show" (https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/harrogate-hairdresser-shines-london-fashion-weeks-most-sought-after-show-2454034) . www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk . 16 March 2020 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hagen, Maren Kvamme (2 March 2019). "Bak moten på London Fashion Week med Aadnevik" (https://www.nrk.no/kultur/xl/bak-moten-pa-london-fashion-week-med-aadnevik-1.14445443) . NRK (in Norwegian Nynorsk) . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Everything you need to know about London Fashion Week SS22" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/london-fashion-week-september-2021) . British GQ . 15 September 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Aadnevik autumn/winter 2020 collection catwalk show \| LFW" (https://www.theupcoming.co.uk/2020/02/16/aadnevik-autumn-winter-2020-collection-catwalk-show-lfw/) . The Upcoming . 16 February 2020 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) London-Olios (18 July 2019). "AADNEVIK: Anna Karenina – LFW AW19" (https://london-olios.com/2019/07/18/aadnevik-anna-karenina-lfw-aw19/) . London-Olios . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Nasjonalmuseet kjøper inn norsk stjernedesigner" (https://melkoghonning.no/nasjonalmuseet-kjoper-inn-design-av-aadnevik/) . Melk & Honning (in Norwegian Bokmål). 31 October 2020 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Staying in is the New Going Out" (https://www.goodsalonguide.com/community/trends-and-tips/staying-in-is-the-new-going-out) . Good Salon Guide . 1 February 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Ananya Panday Grabs The Limelight In A Black Crop Top And A Structured Skirt Worth Rs. 29K" (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/ananya-panday-grabs-the-limelight-in-a-black-crop-top-and-a-structured-skirt-worth-rs-29k-30268) . BollywoodShaadis . 10 February 2022 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Malaika Arora or Sonakshi Sinha: Who wore this Hila and Kristian Aadnevik gown better?" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/malaika-arora-sonakshi-sinha-who-wore-the-gown-better-6090276/) . The Indian Express . 27 October 2019 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Aadnevik at London Fashion Week" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210226014414/http://www.norway.org.uk/norwayandcountry/culture/fashion/Aadnevik-at-London-Fashion-Week-/#.YDhScN_P0uU) . norway.org.uk . 15 September 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.norway.org.uk/norwayandcountry/culture/fashion/Aadnevik-at-London-Fashion-Week-/#.YDhScN_P0uU) on 26 February 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Phelan, Bobby (7 September 2022). "London Fashion Week September 2022 Schedule" (https://pausemag.co.uk/2022/09/london-fashion-week-september-2022-schedule/) . PAUSE Online \| Men's Fashion, Street Style, Fashion News & Streetwear . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Who are the designers to watch at London Fashion Week 2022?" (https://www.nationalworld.com/news/people/designers-watch-london-fashion-week-2022-princess-of-wales-queen-elizabeth-ii-award-winner-3844705) . www.nationalworld.com . 15 September 2022 . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Wolf Moon – AADNEVIK's AW22 Collection, where mythology meets haute couture" (https://whyttmagazine.com/all/wolf-moon-aadneviks-aw22-collection-where-mythology-meets-haute-couture) . WHYTT Magazine . Retrieved 2 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Breen, Nadia (21 October 2021). "NI woman thanks celeb makeup artist for 'taking a chance on her' (https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/whats-on/be/ni-woman-thanks-celeb-makeup-21800740) " (https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/whats-on/be/ni-woman-thanks-celeb-makeup-21800740) . BelfastLive . Retrieved 2 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Lobad, Noor (8 September 2022). "Model Marianne Fonseca and Beauty Vet Nathalia Maia Launch Body Care Brand Gente" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/gente-body-care-lymphatic-drainage-1235313860/) . WWD . Retrieved 2 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Amelia Gray Hamlin Debuts Dramatic Bleached Brows During London Fashion Week" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/amelia-gray-hamlin-debuts-dramatic-172609527.html) . www.yahoo.com . 21 September 2021 . Retrieved 2 January 2023 . 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Clothing brand Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva Dress in 3NY Store Window in 2012. Tumbler and Tipsy is a brand of clothing and accessories founded by Michael Kuluva (/wiki/Michael_Kuluva) in 2009. Kuluva graduated from Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) with a degree in fashion design in 2012. [1] (#cite_note-1) Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva became the first fashion designer label to collaborate with a video game software company, Ubisoft (/wiki/Ubisoft) to design high end garments for the New York Fashion Week Spring 2013 runway. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) New York Fashion Week [ edit ] In September 2012, Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva showed their Spring 2013 collection at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-4) For Tumbler and Tipsy's debut fashion show in New York City, the label partnered with Ubisoft to design collaborative garments inspired by the video game Just Dance 4 (/wiki/Just_Dance_4) that were then shown on the runway by celebrities such as Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) [5] (#cite_note-5) and Olympic Gold Medalist Alex Morgan (/wiki/Alex_Morgan) . [6] (#cite_note-6) For Tumbler and Tipsy's sophomore New York Fashion Week show, [7] (#cite_note-7) Tumbler and Tipsy presented their Fall 2013 collection of plaid tweed garments which were inspired by the label's designer, Michael Kuluva for his take on the 1990s grunge movement while also staying true to the brands signature sequin look. [8] (#cite_note-8) Kuluva also maintained their outlook on today's Popular Culture (/wiki/Popular_Culture) by having Rick Genest (/wiki/Rick_Genest) [9] (#cite_note-9) "Zombie Boy" walk their runway alongside U.S. Figure Skating's three time senior men's national champion and 2010 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics) competitor, Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Kuluva developed partnerships with the Conair Corporation (/wiki/Conair_Corporation) for their release of the "Infiniti by Conair" collection and with the luxury audio company Harman Kardon (/wiki/Harman_Kardon) , [11] (#cite_note-11) as they released their new audio headphones during the New York Fashion Week show. [12] (#cite_note-12) For the Tumbler and Tipsy Spring/Summer 2014 fashion season, Kuluva designed a collection entitled "So Next Level" which was inspired by today's popular fashion culture plus the future of "party themed" fashions. For the New York Fashion Week runway show, Neon Hitch (/wiki/Neon_Hitch) opened the celebrity filled show with a live harpist on stage performing her hit single, "Love U Betta", [13] (#cite_note-13) while also wearing the collaborative " Out of the Closet (/wiki/Out_of_the_Closet) Hanger Gown" designed for AIDS Healthcare Foundation (/wiki/AIDS_Healthcare_Foundation) who presented this seasons runway show. [14] (#cite_note-14) The Tumbler and Tipsy runway show continued with celebrity models coming down the infamous "T & T" catwalk [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) such as Perez Hilton (/wiki/Perez_Hilton) , Tarik Lakehal (/w/index.php?title=Tarik_Lakehal&action=edit&redlink=1) , Yasmine Petty (/wiki/Yasmine_Petty) and Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) . [17] (#cite_note-17) This season also had exclusive partners such as Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) Austrian Crystals, Caviar Frames and Flips Audio Headphones. [18] (#cite_note-18) The Tumbler and Tipsy Spring/Summer 2015 "Pop Jungle" collection [19] (#cite_note-19) was first shown on the New York Fashion Week runway in the penthouse of "Top of the Garden" New York City, NY on September 8, 2014. The show featured a jungle themed collection with a seventies splash of tie-dye mixed with the pop culture of today. With the runway soundtrack produced by Cherrytree Records (/wiki/Cherrytree_Records) & Interscope Records (/wiki/Interscope_Records) featuring Kuluva's first solo pop music single entitled, "Do it non stop" plus having the global pop icon Amanda Lepore (/wiki/Amanda_Lepore) as the grand finale, [20] (#cite_note-20) this collection was a jungle party on the runway. [21] (#cite_note-21) Kuluva definitely put his signature stamp on pop fashion again this Spring/Summer 2015 season. [22] (#cite_note-22) Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva revealed their latest Spring/Summer 2016 "Champagne Wishes & Candy Dreams" Runway Collection presented by Kia Motors (/wiki/Kia_Motors) [23] (#cite_note-23) on September 16, 2015 at the Metropolitan West in New York City, NY. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) The S/S 2016 collection was candy inspired with having strategic collaborations with different candy manufacturers such as Jelly Belly (/wiki/Jelly_Belly) and Pop Rocks (/wiki/Pop_Rocks) plus the Tumbler and Tipsy brand officially debuted their own chocolate bar entitled, "The Glitter Bar", which is the world's first edible glitter chocolate candy bar. [26] (#cite_note-26) "The Glitter Bar" wrapper gown opened the runway show which was hand made with of over 100 Glitter Bar wrappers sewn together to form a bustier for the top of the pink, white and black tulle gown. The "Jelly Belly Couture" collaborative gown [27] (#cite_note-27) was worn by America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Cycle 22 contestant Ava Capra [28] (#cite_note-28) which had thousands of hand placed Jelly Belly beans attached onto the colorful hand made corset and also hand placed on the collaborative "Jelly Belly Couture" shoes which were paired with the signature "Tipsy Tutu". [29] (#cite_note-29) As for the Pop Rocks Candy gown collaboration, Kuluva hand sewed the Pop Rocks candy wrappers together to make two corseted gowns, one of which was worn down the runway by reality TV star Jill Zarin (/wiki/Jill_Zarin) . [30] (#cite_note-30) Other notable reality TV stars such as Jonny Drubel, [31] (#cite_note-31) Ava Capra, Bello Sánchez and Hadassah Richardson made their way down the Tumbler and Tipsy runway. [32] (#cite_note-32) To encourage children to read more books, Tumbler and Tipsy partnered up with the iconic kids television show, Reading Rainbow (/wiki/Reading_Rainbow) this fashion season by creating a one of a kind Swarovski Crystal collaborative gown which was modeled by America's Next Top Model contestant Hadassah Richardson. [33] (#cite_note-33) Front row celebrities included Big Ang (/wiki/Big_Ang_(TV_series)) , Ally Shapiro, Bobby Zarin and Josh Canfield. [34] (#cite_note-34) This whimsical candy collection raises the artistic bar plus sets the newest trends for the world of pop fashion. [35] (#cite_note-35) Kuluva's Spring/Summer 2017 "Creaky and Tipsy" collection at New York Fashion Week brought arthritis awareness while still staying true to Kuluva's iconic, fun-loving Tumbler and Tipsy brand. [36] (#cite_note-36) "I created very sporty, spandex-like material and garments that emphasize different bursts that would be on your elbows or different joints," Kuluva says. [37] (#cite_note-37) "When an outfit is completely worn, all the different joints light up with these bursts. You'll see exactly where our pain is; where we feel pressure. You can view it from the clothing." [38] (#cite_note-38) With this arthritis inspired collection being presented, Kuluva partnered with the non profit organization, CreakyJoints, to become public that he was diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (/wiki/Rheumatoid_Arthritis) at age 28. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) The spring/summer 2017 runway show featured Olympic gold medalist Dalilah Muhammad (/wiki/Dalilah_Muhammad) , [43] (#cite_note-43) Olympic silver medalist Nia Ali (/wiki/Nia_Ali) , Somaya Reece, Asaf Goren from " So You Think You Can Dance (/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance) " and reality television star Teresa Giudice (/wiki/Teresa_Giudice) daughter Milania Guidice. [44] (#cite_note-44) Los Angeles Fashion Week [ edit ] Kuluva started Tumbler and Tipsy while attending design school at FIDM (/wiki/FIDM) . During Kuluva's last year at FIDM, Kuluva was asked to be a part of Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) as an emerging designer presenting 12 looks to the critics. The select 12 looks were enough to bring the design label to forefront of the fashion scene and into boutiques worldwide. The Spring 2012 collection sold out worldwide making the label into a lifestyle brand with a fun party aesthetic. The Tumbler and Tipsy brand was asked to present their Fall 2013 collection two more time's on the runway during Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) , [45] (#cite_note-45) which were both received with rave reviews by industry critics and fans. [46] (#cite_note-46) The Los Angeles Fashion Week shows featured celebrity model Rick Genest (/wiki/Rick_Genest) "Zombie Boy" as the face of the label. Tumbler and Tipsy also took to the runway two more times at Los Angeles Fashion Week showcasing the labels best looks of the Spring/Summer 2014 fashion season plus featured reality television star Josie Stevens (/wiki/Josie_Stevens) . [47] (#cite_note-47) Kuluva's designs quickly swarmed into international tabloids by appearing in US Weekly (/wiki/US_Weekly) , [48] (#cite_note-48) E! (/wiki/E!) [49] (#cite_note-49) and Wet Paint (/wiki/Wet_Paint) [50] (#cite_note-50) plus many many other publications for his phenomenal celebrity pop culture endorsed collection. The Tumbler and Tipsy Spring/Summer 2015 collection went from the New York runway directly to Los Angeles Fashion Week runway for a reprise of the "Jungle Pop" collection [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) which featured celebrities such as actress Candis Cayne (/wiki/Candis_Cayne) , NFL player Dale Moss (/wiki/Dale_Moss) plus reality TV star Asia Monet Ray [53] (#cite_note-53) for the debut of the children line "Tumbler and Tiny". The collection was another huge success on the other side of the USA with being named one of the "6 Top Sexiest Looks of Los Angeles Fashion Week" from fashion critics at LA Weekly (/wiki/LA_Weekly) . [54] (#cite_note-54) For the Fall/Winter 2015 fashion season, Tumbler and Tipsy presented a capsule collected at Los Angeles Fashion Week entitled "Tres Tipsy" which was inspired from Kuluva's travels to Paris, France. [55] (#cite_note-55) Kuluva used his signature designs of the Tumbler and Tipsy brand and transformed them into a blue, white and red nostalgia which also included a celebrity finale "French Flag" gown worn by the former Pussycat Doll (/wiki/Pussycat_Doll) Kaya Jones (/wiki/Kaya_Jones) . [56] (#cite_note-56) Television [ edit ] On New Year's Eve of 2013, Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva was featured on Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve (/wiki/Dick_Clark%27s_New_Year%27s_Rockin%27_Eve) show with both Flo Rida (/wiki/Flo_Rida) and Stayc Reign (/w/index.php?title=Stayc_Reign&action=edit&redlink=1) dressed in Tumbler and Tipsy. Shangela Laquifa Wadley (/wiki/Shangela_Laquifa_Wadley) was also dressed in Tumbler and Tipsy at the 2013 RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) Los Angeles Season 5 Premiere. In 2015, Tumbler and Tipsy was featured on the final season of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Cycle 22 during the "Go See" designer competition with the brand's Creative Director Michael Kuluva (/wiki/Michael_Kuluva) . [57] (#cite_note-57) Michael Kuluva starred on Episode 7 of "Cholos Try" in 2016 which featured the Tumbler and Tipsy brand throughout the entire episode. The episode was televised and streamed online on the Mitu Network in July 2016. Tumbler and Tipsy's next appearance was in February 2017 on Bravo TV (/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)) series, First Family of Hip Hop (/wiki/First_Family_of_Hip_Hop) featuring Somaya Reece walking the finale of the Tumbler and Tipsy Spring/Summer 2017 runway show at New York Fashion Week. Michael Kuluva appeared on the finale episode of the Lifetime (TV network) (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) docuseries, "Growing Up Supermodel" in 2018. Collaborations [ edit ] Tumbler and Tipsy has collaborated with corporations, celebrities and design houses including Just Dance 4 (/wiki/Just_Dance_4) , Reading Rainbow (/wiki/Reading_Rainbow) , Jelly Belly (/wiki/Jelly_Belly) , Pop Rocks (/wiki/Pop_Rocks) , K-Way (/w/index.php?title=K-Way&action=edit&redlink=1) Jackets, Monster Cable Products (/wiki/Monster_Cable_Products) , CreakyJoints, Conair Corporation (/wiki/Conair_Corporation) , AIDS Healthcare Foundation (/wiki/AIDS_Healthcare_Foundation) , Out of the Closet (/wiki/Out_of_the_Closet) , Angelyne (/wiki/Angelyne) , Lil Debbie (/wiki/Lil_Debbie) , D.A.O Shoes, Cherrytree Records (/wiki/Cherrytree_Records) , Cliq Jewelry, Clac Belts and Harman Kardon (/wiki/Harman_Kardon) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "FIDM.com: Former Figure Skater and FIDM Grad Shows at New York Fashion Week" (https://archive.today/20130122205750/http://blogs.fidm.com/my_weblog/2012/10/former-figure-skater-and-fidm-grad-shows-at-new-york-fashion-week.html#) . FIDM.com. September 14, 2012. Archived from the original (http://blogs.fidm.com/my_weblog/2012/10/former-figure-skater-and-fidm-grad-shows-at-new-york-fashion-week.html) on 2013-01-22 . Retrieved 2013-10-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yahoo! Finance : Dance game partners with Tumbler & Tipsy to bring fashion and fun to the runway at New York Fashion Week to celebrate the upcoming launch of Just Dance 4" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/just-dance-host-star-studded-223200901.html) . Yahoo.com. August 13, 2012 . Retrieved 2012-10-02 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) "StarPulse.com: Kendall Jenner and Alex Morgan Model Just Dance 4-Inspired Fashion" (http://www.starpulse.com/news/Alan_Danzis/2012/09/14/kendall_jenner_and_alex_morgan_model_j) . StarPulse.com. September 14, 2012 . Retrieved 2012-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tumbler and Tipsy Spring 2013 Collection \| Elle.com \| Elle \|" (http://www.elle.com/runway/style360/spring-2013/tumbler-tipsy/collection/?click=main_sr#slide-1) . Elle.com. October 1, 2012 . Retrieved 2012-10-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Kendall Jenner Wows NYFW Runway with Tumbler and Tipsy \| Yahoo.com \| Yahoo! News \|" (http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/news/kendall-jenner-wows-nyfw-runway-tumbler-tipsy-133930207.html) . Yahoo.com. September 12, 2012 . Retrieved 2012-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Soccer star Alex Morgan leads a model life \| LATimes.com \| Los Angeles Times \|" (http://theenvelope.latimes.com/la-sp-0916-alex-morgan-20120916,0,4680275.story) . LATimes.com. September 16, 2012 . Retrieved 2012-10-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "STYLE360 Presented by CONAIR for New York Fashion Week F/W 2013 \| sociallysuperlative.com \| Socially Superlative \|" (http://sociallysuperlative.com/2013/02/01/style360-for-new-york-fashion-week-fw-2013/) . sociallysuperlative.com. February 1, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Tumbler & Tipsy Presentation At NYFW \| Buzznet.com \| Buzz Net \|" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130216031526/http://audrey.buzznet.com/photos/tumblertipsypresenta/#) . buzznet.com. February 13, 2013. Archived from the original (http://audrey.buzznet.com/photos/tumblertipsypresenta/) on 2013-02-16 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Tumbler & Tipsy by Michael Kuluva at New York Fashion Week \| FashionTipStyle.com \| Fashion Tip Style \|" (http://fashiontipsstyle.com/tumbler-and-tipsy-by-michael-kuluva-new-york-fashion-week-fall-2013-show/) . FashionTipStyle.com. February 19, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Johnny Weir walks the Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva NYFW Runway \| FigureSkatersOnline.com \| Figure Skaters Online \|" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105113854/http://www.figureskatersonline.com/johnnyweir/home/2013/02/johnny-weir-walks-the-tumbler-and-tipsy-by-michael-kuluva-nyfw-runway/) . FigureSkatersOnline.com. February 16, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.figureskatersonline.com/johnnyweir/home/2013/02/johnny-weir-walks-the-tumbler-and-tipsy-by-michael-kuluva-nyfw-runway/) on November 5, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Harman Kardon NYFW with Tumbler and Tipsy \| HollywoodBranded.com \| Hollywood Branded \|" (http://hollywoodbranded.com/harmankardon-nyfw-tumblertipsy) . HollywoodBranded.com. February 28, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Harman Kardon Tumbler and Tipsy NYFW \| Fashion360mag.com \| Fashion 360 Magazine \|" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130506045422/http://fashion360mag.com/2013/02/tumbler-tipsy/) . Fashion360mag.com. February 24, 2013. Archived from the original (http://fashion360mag.com/2013/02/tumbler-tipsy/) on May 6, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Neon Hitch Performs at Tumbler and Tipsy by Michael Kuluva New York Fashion Week Show at Style 360 \| NME.com \| The NME.com \|" (https://www.nme.com/nme-video/youtube/id/T3s4xR_2E6g) . NME.com. September 13, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "AHF & OTC Partner with Fashion Designer Michael Kuluva of Tumbler and Tipsy \| AIDSHealth.org \| AIDS Healthcare Foundation \|" (http://www.aidshealth.org/archives/17028) . AIDSHealth.org. August 28, 2013 . 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External links [ edit ] Tumbler and Tipsy Official Site (http://www.TumblerandTipsy.com/) Tumbler and Tipsy Official Facebook Site (https://www.facebook.com/TumblerandTipsy) Elle.com (http://www.elle.com/runway/style360/spring-2013/tumbler-tipsy/collection/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐57fb69d58b‐zdss7 Cached time: 20240709023205 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.563 seconds Real time usage: 0.901 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3080/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 120403/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3659/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 216067/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.344/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5395620/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 607.345 1 -total 77.60% 471.296 1 Template:Reflist 58.22% 353.608 56 Template:Cite_web 17.47% 106.101 1 Template:Short_description 11.47% 69.644 2 Template:Pagetype 9.49% 57.614 4 Template:Dead_link 8.14% 49.415 4 Template:Fix 6.95% 42.207 8 Template:Category_handler 3.95% 24.012 11 Template:Main_other 3.30% 20.058 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38842598-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709023205 and revision id 1168282290. 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William Norwich is an American writer and author. He is a former editor at Vogue and the former New York Post society gossip columnist. He is the editor for fashion and interior design at Phaidon Press (/wiki/Phaidon_Press) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) His novel My Mrs. Brown was inspired by the 1958 Paul Gallico (/wiki/Paul_Gallico) novel Mrs. 'Arris Goes to Paris (/wiki/Mrs._%27Arris_Goes_to_Paris) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Books [ edit ] My Mrs. Brown (Simon & Schuster, 2016) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Learning to Drive (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Molly and the Magic Dress (Doubleday, 2001) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Shaw, Dan (June 3, 2016). "William Norwich: Elegance at Home and in Fiction" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/05/realestate/william-norwich-elegance-at-home-and-in-fiction.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "What I Love \| William Norwich" (https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2016/06/05/realestate/what-i-love-william-norwich.html) . The New York Times . June 3, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Legendary Editor William Norwich Celebrates His New Novel 'My Mrs. Brown' (https://observer.com/2016/04/legendary-editor-william-norwich-celebrates-his-new-novel-my-mrs-brown/) " (https://observer.com/2016/04/legendary-editor-william-norwich-celebrates-his-new-novel-my-mrs-brown/) . Observer . April 19, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "MY MRS. BROWN" (https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/william-norwich/my-mrs-brown/) . Kirkus Reviews . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "When an Oscar de la Renta Dress Becomes a Metaphor For Finding Yourself" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/billy-norwich-my-mrs-brown-book) . W Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Learning to Drive" (https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-87113-631-2) . Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "LEARNING TO DRIVE" (https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/william-norwich/learning-to-drive/) . Kirkus Reviews . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "MOLLY AND THE MAGIC DRESS" (https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/william-norwich/molly-and-the-magic-dress/) . Kirkus Reviews . External links [ edit ] William Norwich (https://www.vogue.com/contributor/william-norwich) at Vogue Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/271967617) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxPjcbKxmdd8M9JjJCKMP) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95120986) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐4bw6d Cached time: 20240718052642 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.230 seconds Real time usage: 0.340 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 345/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14016/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32667/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.173/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3286291/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 317.776 1 -total 54.35% 172.722 1 Template:Authority_control 45.62% 144.955 1 Template:Reflist 38.26% 121.577 8 Template:Cite_web 0.60% 1.898 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70085616-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718052642 and revision id 1216087846. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Norwich&oldid=1216087846 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Norwich&oldid=1216087846) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 20th-century male writers (/wiki/Category:20th-century_male_writers) 21st-century male writers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_male_writers) 20th-century American novelists (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_novelists) 21st-century American novelists (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_novelists) American magazine editors (/wiki/Category:American_magazine_editors) Hidden categories: Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) Place of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) Nationality missing (/wiki/Category:Nationality_missing)
American fashion designer Not to be confused with Julia Hart (disambiguation) (/wiki/Julia_Hart_(disambiguation)) . Julia Haart Born Julia Leibov ( 1971-04-11 ) April 11, 1971 (age 53) Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Russian SFSR (/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) (now Russia (/wiki/Russia) ) Years active 2013–present Labels La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) Elite World (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) Spouses Yosef Hendler (divorced) Silvio Scaglia (/wiki/Silvio_Scaglia) ( m. 2019; sep. 2022) Julia Haart (born April 11, 1971), previously Talia Leibov , [1] (#cite_note-brazen-1) is an American fashion designer, entrepreneur, and author. She is the founder of +Body by Julia Haart, a body-positive, technologically advanced shapewear brand. [2] (#cite_note-oprahdaily.com-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Julia is the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) . [4] (#cite_note-auto-4) She previously owned a namesake shoe collection, and was creative director at the Italian luxury house La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Haart is also the subject and executive producer of the Netflix miniseries My Unorthodox Life (/wiki/My_Unorthodox_Life) , which described her 2013 decision to leave her Haredi (/wiki/Haredi_Judaism) community. Biography [ edit ] Early life [ edit ] Haart was born in Moscow in 1971. She and her parents left Russia when she was 3, and moved to Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) . In Austin, she attended private school, and was the school's only Jewish student. When Haart was in fourth grade, they moved to Monsey, New York (/wiki/Monsey,_New_York) , which has a large Haredi (/wiki/Haredi_Judaism) community that appealed to her parents, as they grew more religious. [6] (#cite_note-jta-judge-6) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Haart attended Bais Yaakov (/wiki/Bais_Yaakov) Academy in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , New York. At 16, she taught herself how to sew, and read fashion magazines in her house. [8] (#cite_note-8) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) When she was 18, she changed her first name, "to the more Hebrew-sounding Talia, in order to attract a match". [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) After graduating from high school, she attended seminary for one year at Beth Jacob Jerusalem (/wiki/Beth_Jacob_Jerusalem) . [1] (#cite_note-brazen-1) At 19, she married her first husband, a yeshiva (/wiki/Yeshiva) student, five years her senior. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Leaving the Haredi community [ edit ] While living as a Haredi Jew throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Haart became increasingly uncomfortable with her community. The treatment of her younger daughter, Miriam, bothered her in particular. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In a 2021 interview with The New York Times , she said that her daughter "just wouldn't conform. They were doing to her what they had done to me — trying to push her down and mold her into that flat person that they could disappear. I couldn't let that happen." [10] (#cite_note-nyt-bare-10) After leaving the community, she took on the name Julia Haart. The last name Haart is derived from her maiden name, Leibov, which is similar to Lev, Hebrew for "heart". [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Career [ edit ] Early career [ edit ] At the seminary, Haart obtained a teaching certificate. [1] (#cite_note-brazen-1) Thereafter, she taught English and/or Judaic Studies at several Jewish schools: Yeshiva Atlanta (/wiki/Yeshiva_Atlanta) in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) ; Sha'arei Torah in Brooklyn; Bnos Leah Prospect Park Yeshiva High School in Brooklyn; Yeshiva of Spring Valley in Monsey; The Adolph Schreiber Hebrew Academy of Rockland (ASHAR) in New City (/wiki/New_City,_New_York) ; Bais Rochel in Monsey. [1] (#cite_note-brazen-1) Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Haart worked as a Judaic Studies teacher at Yeshiva Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta_Jewish_Academy) ; "staff who knew her at the time – when she went by the name Talia Hendler – recalled that she was beloved by students and known for her sharp style". [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) For years, Haart secretly sold life insurance. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Julia Haart Shoe Collection [ edit ] After leaving the Haredi community in 2013, Haart founded a shoe company, Julia Haart, with the goal to make shoes that were both fashionable and comfortable. She partnered with a ski boot engineer and a German company that creates a gel used by NASA to create a comfortable high-heeled shoe. [11] (#cite_note-11) La Perla [ edit ] In 2016, Haart collaborated with La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) for their Spring and Fall 2016 accessory collections. The same year, she was named as the creative director for the brand. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Following her appointment as Creative Director of La Perla, Haart launched a new approach to ready-to-wear for the company. [14] (#cite_note-14) At La Perla, Haart created the first stretch Leavers lace, and launched a collection of ready-to-wear lingerie with built-in support. For her Fall/Winter 2017 fashion show, Haart constructed a "La Perla Manor" runway show, in which Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) , Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) and Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) walked. [15] (#cite_note-15) Haart is known for her 2017 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) dress designed for Kendall Jenner. The gown consisted of 85,000 crystals affixed to a single string. [16] (#cite_note-16) Elite World Group [ edit ] In March 2019, she became chief executive officer and chief creative officer (/wiki/Chief_creative_officer) of the talent media conglomerate Elite World Group (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (EWG). [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-Vogue-18) Under Haart's leadership EWG has re-focused the brand and added new divisions. Elite World Group prioritizes assisting models to monetise their brands and business projects. [19] (#cite_note-19) Additionally, Haart is the creative director of e1972, a luxury fashion brand launched by Elite World. [20] (#cite_note-20) The collection received a lot of positive media attention, [21] (#cite_note-21) and was celebrated for its "innovation, inclusivity, and inspiring message of empowerment". [22] (#cite_note-22) Brazen Memoir [ edit ] In April 2022, Haart released her memoir Brazen, published by Penguin Random House. [23] (#cite_note-penguinrandomhouse.com-23) The book details Haart’s life story from an ultra-religious housewife to shoe designer, to CEO of the modeling agency, Elite World Group. [23] (#cite_note-penguinrandomhouse.com-23) +Body by Julia Haart [ edit ] In 2023, Haart launched +Body by Julia Haart, an American shapewear and clothing brand. +Body focuses on body positivity and inclusivity across the brand and practices inclusive sizing. [2] (#cite_note-oprahdaily.com-2) The shapewear was designed to be worn visibly with color-infused fabric technology. [24] (#cite_note-24) The line tackles common issues, fusing materials together to avoid white and seam lines. [2] (#cite_note-oprahdaily.com-2) +Body has been listed as The Very Best Shapewear by The Strategist. [25] (#cite_note-25) Books [ edit ] Brazen: My Unorthodox Journey from Long Sleeves to Lingerie [ edit ] Haart is the author of her memoir, Brazen. It was published on Apr 12, 2022 by Penguin Random House. The memoir was released in audiobook format simultaneously narrated by Julia Haart herself. [26] (#cite_note-26) Brazen received praise from critics. Soon after its release, the book became a Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and Sunday Times Bestseller. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Brazen chronicles Haart’s journey to fashion and entrepreneurship, the challenges she faced, and her endeavors to break free from an extremist religious sect that once controlled her life. Legal battles [ edit ] Following her dismissal from EWG, Haart sued Scaglia in Delaware's Chancery Court, where Freedom Holding Inc, which owns EWG's shares, resides. Haart claimed she is a 50–50 owner of EWG and due to this holds equal shares in the company, and therefore could not be dismissed. On August 4, 2022, Vice Chancellor Morgan T. Zurn of the Delaware Chancery Court issued a ruling that confirmed Silvio Scaglia is the controlling shareholder. Personal life [ edit ] Haart has four children with her first husband, Yosef Hendler: Batsheva, Shlomo, Miriam, and Aron. Batsheva, who goes by the last name Haart, is a content creator who was married to Binyamin "Ben" Weinstein from 2012 until their divorce in November 2021. [29] (#cite_note-29) Miriam has also adopted her mother's last name Haart. Aron, who is in high school, splits his time between his parents in Manhattan and Monsey, New York (/wiki/Monsey,_New_York) . [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-:3-31) In June 2019, Haart married Silvio Scaglia (/wiki/Silvio_Scaglia) . [32] (#cite_note-32) Haart is the eldest of eight children, one of whom died in a car accident at the age of 5. Only one of her siblings, a sister named Hannah, has a relationship with her; her parents and other siblings stopped talking to her after she left her Orthodox community. [31] (#cite_note-:3-31) My Unorthodox Life [ edit ] Main article: My Unorthodox Life (/wiki/My_Unorthodox_Life) Haart is the subject of the Netflix series My Unorthodox Life , which premiered in July 2021. [33] (#cite_note-33) The documentary (/wiki/Documentary_film) series follows the professional and personal life of Haart in her role as chief executive officer of Elite World Group, as well as an author, mother and wife. [34] (#cite_note-34) The show has been received critically by many Jewish community members. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-:2-36) In 2022, the Jewish Journal (/wiki/Jewish_Journal) named Haart one of "The Top 10 Jewish Reality TV Stars of All Time." [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Haart, Julia. Brazen: My Unorthodox Journey from Long Sleeves to Lingerie . Crown. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0593239162 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Julia Haart's Latest Venture Is a Shapewear Line" (https://www.oprahdaily.com/style/a38161622/julia-haarts-size-inclusive-shapewear-line-is-designed-to-be-shown-off/) . Oprah Daily . November 8, 2021 . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Julia Haart Relaunches Her Shapewear Line for a Very Personal Reason: "For My Entire Life, My Body Wasn't My Own" (https://www.newbeauty.com/julia-haart-shapewear-line/) " (https://www.newbeauty.com/julia-haart-shapewear-line/) . NewBeauty . July 6, 2023 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-auto_4-0) "Elite World Group is tapping modelling talent to build a media company" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/elite-ceo-julia-haart-interview) . voguebusiness.com . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "La Perla Announces New Creative Director" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/la-perla-announces-new-creative-director/) . vogue.co.uk. August 25, 2016 . Retrieved August 25, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-jta-judge_6-0) Hanau, Shira (July 16, 2021). "Julia Haart has a message for 'My Unorthodox Life' critics: Watch before you judge me" (https://www.jta.org/2021/07/15/culture/julia-haart-has-a-message-for-my-unorthodox-life-critics-watch-before-you-judge-me) . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . Retrieved July 16, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Blake, Meredith (July 14, 2021). "She kept her ultra-Orthodox past secret. Now, she's using Netflix to tell her story" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2021-07-14/netflix-my-unorthodox-life-julia-haart) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Beg, Mirza Aaqib (July 14, 2021). "What is Julia Haart's Net Worth?" (https://thecinemaholic.com/what-is-julia-haarts-net-worth/) . TheCinemaholic . Retrieved July 14, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Connelly, Irene Katz (March 11, 2021). "Netflix will debut a follow-up to 'Unorthodox' — but it's not what you think" (https://forward.com/schmooze/465645/netflix-will-debut-a-follow-up-to-unorthodox-but-its-not-what-you-think/) . Forward . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt-bare_10-0) Soloski, Alexis (July 13, 2021). "In 'My Unorthodox Life', Julia Haart Bares More Than Just Her Knees" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/13/arts/television/my-unorthodox-life-julia-haart.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Smail, Gretchen (July 13, 2021). "This Woman Left A Fundamentalist Community & Became A Fashion Mogul" (https://www.bustle.com/entertainment/my-unorthodox-life-julia-haart-shoes-clothing-husband-ex-husband) . Bustle . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "La Perla Has a New Creative Director and a Surprising New Approach to Ready-to-Wear" (https://www.vogue.com/article/la-perla-julia-haart-creative-director) . vogue.com . August 24, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Julia Haart Named Creative Director at La Perla" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/activewear/la-perla-julia-haart-creative-director-10515047/) . wwd.com . August 25, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "La Perla's wisdom: Creative director Julia Haart's mission of transformation" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/la-perlas-wisdom-creative-director-julia-haarts-mission-of-transformation) . drapersonline.com. February 13, 2018 . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Julia Haart Is Making La Perla About More Than Just Sexy Lingerie" (https://observer.com/2017/03/julia-haart-is-making-la-perla-about-more-than-just-sexy-lingerie/) . observer.com. March 15, 2017 . Retrieved March 15, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Kendall Jenner Wore 85,000 Crystals Held Together By a Piece of String to the Met Gala" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/a44952/kendall-jenner-naked-dress/) . elle.com. May 2017 . Retrieved May 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Pandemic accelerates power shift in fashion, advertising" (https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-ap-top-news-music-e8156c0505433c061d937f2af54aee52) . Associated Press News . April 20, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_18-0) Felbin, Sara (December 13, 2019). "Elite World Group is tapping modelling talent to build a media company" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/elite-ceo-julia-haart-interview) . vogue.com . Retrieved December 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Biondi, Annachiara (December 13, 2019). "Elite World Group is tapping modelling talent to build a media company" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/elite-ceo-julia-haart-interview) . Vogue Business . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Elite World to Launch Fashion Brand" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/elite-world-to-launch-fashion-brand-1203032948/) . wwd.com. February 19, 2019 . Retrieved February 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Elite World's Julia Haart Debuts e1972 on The Runway" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/e1972-spring2020-nyfw) . Vogue . February 9, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Does a Powerhouse Modeling Agency Need a Fashion Brand?" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/elite-world-group-modeling-agency-new-york-fashion-week-e1972) . February 9, 2020. ^ Jump up to: a b "Brazen by Julia Haart: 9780593239162 \| PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books" (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/670348/brazen-by-julia-haart/) . PenguinRandomhouse.com . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Julia Haart Relaunches Her Shapewear Line for a Very Personal Reason: "For My Entire Life, My Body Wasn't My Own" (https://www.newbeauty.com/julia-haart-shapewear-line/) " (https://www.newbeauty.com/julia-haart-shapewear-line/) . NewBeauty . July 6, 2023 . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Pardilla, Ambar (August 1, 2023). "The Very Best Shapewear" (https://nymag.com/strategist/article/best-shapewear.html) . The Strategist . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Brazen: My Unorthodox Journey from Long Sleeves to Lin... Audiobook" (https://www.audiobooksnow.com/audiobook/brazen/6311660/) . www.audiobooksnow.com . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Brazen by Julia Haart: 9780593239162 \| PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books" (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/670348/brazen-by-julia-haart/) . PenguinRandomhouse.com . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Brazen: THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLING MEMOIR FROM THE STAR OF NETFLIX'S MY UNORTHODOX LIFE by Julia Haart \| WHSmith" (https://www.whsmith.co.uk/) . 'WHSmith . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Stanton, Leanne Aciz (November 22, 2022). "My Unorthodox Life's Batsheva Haart Dishes on Life After Divorce: 'I Have Grown So Much' (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/my-unorthodox-lifes-batsheva-haart-dishes-on-life-after-divorce/) " (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/my-unorthodox-lifes-batsheva-haart-dishes-on-life-after-divorce/) . US News . Retrieved July 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Miller, Korin (July 23, 2021). "Julia Haart's Daughter Miriam Is Training For The New York City Marathon RN" (https://www.womenshealthmag.com/life/a37114495/julia-haart-children-instagrams-my-unorthodox-life/) . Women's Health . Retrieved July 27, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Spiro, Amy. "From frum to fashion week: Julia Haart's 'Unorthodox' journey burns up Netflix" (https://www.timesofisrael.com/from-frum-to-fashion-week-julia-haarts-unorthodox-journey-burns-up-netflix/) . www.timesofisrael.com . Retrieved July 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Nicolaou, Elena (August 3, 2021). "Julia Haart: My (very) unorthodox life" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/julia-haart-new-netflix-show-my-very-unorthodox-life-0pb8frl3p/) . thetimes.co.uk . Retrieved August 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Netflix Orders New Series from Jeff Jenkins" (https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/selling-sunset-season-4-season-5-bling-empire-season-2-1234926698/) . Variety . March 10, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Netflix Grows Docusoap Slate" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/selling-sunset-bling-empire-renewed-as-netflix-grows-docusoap-slate-4146522/) . Hollywood Reporter . March 10, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "How to Answer the Jewish Issues Raised in Netflix's "My Unorthodox Life" (https://jewinthecity.com/2021/07/how-to-answer-the-jewish-issues-raised-in-netflixs-my-unorthodox-life/) " (https://jewinthecity.com/2021/07/how-to-answer-the-jewish-issues-raised-in-netflixs-my-unorthodox-life/) . July 14, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-:2_36-0) "My Unorthodox Life is Compelling TV That Could Make Life Harder for Some Jews" (https://www.glamour.com/story/my-unorthodox-life-is-compelling-but-could-make-life-harder-for-some-jews/amp) . July 14, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Zeitlin, Alan (December 23, 2022). "The Top 10 Jewish Reality TV Stars of All Time" (https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/television/354530/the-top-10-jewish-reality-tv-stars-of-all-time/) . Jewish Journal . 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American businessman and tailor Henry Kahn Born ( 1860-03-31 ) March 31, 1860 Bloomington (/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana) , Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) , U.S. Died August 14, 1934 (1934-08-14) (aged 74) Indianapolis (/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana) , Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) , U.S. Resting place Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation Cemetery South Known for Kahn Tailoring Company (/wiki/Kahn_Tailoring_Company_Building) Spouse Sarah F. Lang Henry Kahn (March 31, 1860 – August 14, 1934) was an American businessman and tailor (/wiki/Tailor) who lived in Indianapolis (/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana) , Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) , and founded the Kahn Tailoring Company (/wiki/Kahn_Tailoring_Company_Building) . Early life [ edit ] Henry Kahn was born in Bloomington, Indiana (/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana) , on March 31, 1860, to Isaac (1829–1887) and Bella ( née (/wiki/N%C3%A9e) Hirsch) Kahn ( c. 1840 – 1886). [1] (#cite_note-star-1) [2] (#cite_note-IJHS-2) Isaac emigrated from France in 1844 and settled in Bloomington, where he married Bella in 1856. Bella was the daughter of French immigrants who arrived in Louisiana (/wiki/Louisiana) prior to 1850 and eventually settled in Cincinnati, Ohio (/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio) . Henry had two sisters, Clementine (1858–1914) and Cora (1868–1898). Isaac Kahn was a businessman and owned several clothing stores in Bloomington. In 1866, the Kahns moved to Indianapolis where Henry attended public schools before studying at Butler University (/wiki/Butler_University) . Career [ edit ] Kahn entered the clothing business in 1886 when he opened a small tailoring shop on East Washington Street (/wiki/Washington_Street_(Indianapolis)) in downtown Indianapolis. In 1903, he founded the Kahn Tailoring Company and by 1913 Kahn had grown his business to include a retail building located at 7 North Meridian Street and a four-story manufacturing plant at 800 North Capitol Avenue. [3] (#cite_note-Marion-3) Kahn Tailoring Company eventually grew to become the largest manufacturer of men's and women's suits in the United States (/wiki/United_States) , with two thousand dealers and twelve retail stores located across the country. [4] (#cite_note-4) [2] (#cite_note-IJHS-2) Kahn was also a major supplier of military uniforms to the United States during World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) and World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . Kahn Tailoring Company became the largest employer of Jewish immigrants in Indianapolis by working with the Industrial Removal Office (/wiki/Jewish_Industrial_Removal_Office) (IRO) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . The local IRO office in Indianapolis assisted newly arrived Jewish immigrants in locating jobs. The company offered support to its employees through its social welfare department that organized social gatherings, a baseball team, and a factory orchestra. [3] (#cite_note-Marion-3) After his death in 1934, the Kahn Tailoring Company was managed by his son-in law. In 1954, it merged with the Globe Tailoring Company of Cincinnati (/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio) , Ohio (/wiki/Ohio) , and sold its manufacturing facility on Capitol Avenue. By 1970, there were no more Kahn stores in Indianapolis. [3] (#cite_note-Marion-3) Personal life [ edit ] Henry married Sarah F. Lang (November 18, 1862 – June 30, 1952) in 1886. They had a daughter, Claribel. In 1908, Kahn built a home at 101 E. 27th Street in Indianapolis. He later sold the home to the State of Indiana, where it served as the Indiana Governor's Mansion (/wiki/Indiana_Governor%27s_Residence) from 1919 to 1945. [5] (#cite_note-in2-5) When the Governor's Mansion was moved to 4343 N. Meridian Street, the house was sold to the nearby Marott Hotel (/wiki/Marott_Hotel) and was slated to serve as an exclusive clubhouse. However, due to prohibitive costs this plan was not carried out, and the house was demolished in 1962. [2] (#cite_note-IJHS-2) Kahn died on August 14, 1934, at the Marott Hotel in Indianapolis. [1] (#cite_note-star-1) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Henry Kahn, tailoring company founder, dies" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63945089/obituary-for-henry-kahn-aged-71/) . The Indianapolis Star (/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star) . August 15, 1934. p. 3 . Retrieved 2020-11-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Himm, Katie; Ruegamer, Lana (2009). There are Jews in Southern Indiana: the Bloomington story . Fort Wayne, Indiana (/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana) : Indiana Jewish Historical Society. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 467966483 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/467966483) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Marion County Jewish History" (https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/marion_jewish.pdf) (PDF) . Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology . Retrieved 2020-11-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Kahn Tailoring Company" (https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/hp-kahntailoring.pdf) (PDF) . Indiana Department of Natural Resources . Retrieved 2020-11-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-in2_5-0) "History of Indiana Governor's Residence" (https://www.in.gov/gov/governors-residence/history/) . State of Indiana. 13 October 2020 . Retrieved 2020-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Henry Kahn Passes Away" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63945292/the-times/) . The Times (/w/index.php?title=The_Times_(Munster,_Indiana)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Munster, Indiana. 1934-08-15. p. 8 . Retrieved 2020-11-24 . 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Hickson Inc. A c. 1913 Hickson label Company type Women's Clothing Industry Fashion Founded 1902 ; 122 years ago ( 1902 ) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York, United States Founder Caroline "Carrie" Hickson-Kennedy Kathryn "Kate" Hickson Richard J. Hickson Defunct September 1931 ; 92 years ago ( 1931-09 ) Fate Bankrupt Successor Nelson-Hickson Inc. Headquarters New York , United States Owner Richard J. Hickson Leslie M. Hickson Philip S. Crooks Hickson Inc. was a high-class fashion retailer, designer, and department store in New York City in the early decades of the twentieth century. The firm started as a men's tailor but evolved to be what the designer Howard Greer (/wiki/Howard_Greer) described as "the most elegant and expensive specialty shop on Fifth Avenue." [1] (#cite_note-greer-1) In the 1910s, the firm dressed actresses in silent movies, and 1926, it opened a purpose-built store in a corner position on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) . It worked with Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) and Georges Matchabelli (/wiki/Georges_V._Matchabelli) . Charvet & Fils took space in their store. However, in 1931, at the start of the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) , they filed for bankruptcy. Several Hickson creations are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . History [ edit ] A Hickson-designed dress in the 1917 silent film The Gown of Destiny Hickson Inc. was founded as Hickson & Company in 1902 by Caroline "Carrie" Hickson-Kennedy, Kathryn "Kate" Hickson, and Richard J. Hickson—all siblings. The company's initial headquarters were at 657 Fifth Avenue in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) ; the Hicksons founded the company with an initial investment of $800. After Kate and Carrie were killed in the 1915 sinking of the RMS (/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania) Lusitania , [2] (#cite_note-2) the company was run by Richard Hickson, his son Leslie M. Hickson, and business partner Phillip S. Crooks. Richard Hickson was president of the company while Leslie Hickson and Phillip Crooks operated as its vice presidents (/wiki/Vice_president_(corporate_title)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The firm started as a men's tailor but evolved into a high-class dress salon that the designer Howard Greer (/wiki/Howard_Greer) , who worked there for a short time, described as "the most elegant and expensive specialty shop on Fifth Avenue." [1] (#cite_note-greer-1) [4] (#cite_note-fin-4) In 1916, Hickson lost a suit from Boué Soeurs (/wiki/Bou%C3%A9_Soeurs) that alleged that they had bought that firm's garments, copied them, and sold them as their designs, as well as removing the labels from the garments they had purchased and selling them too. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Hickson provided many gowns for Pathé Exchange (/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Exchange) 's series Who's Guilty? (/wiki/Who%27s_Guilty%3F_(1916_film_series)) (1916). [7] (#cite_note-7) Among their designs was a light pink sari-inspired dress (/wiki/Sari-inspired_dress) for the patriotic 1917 silent film The Gown of Destiny (/wiki/The_Gown_of_Destiny) with a "bustle-back" that they invented. The light-colored dress was better suited to black and white film than a dark dress, and the film made the design popular. Although the film supported the Allied (/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I) cause during World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , as did Hickson, the firm was keen to claim that the dress was produced independently of any Parisian influence to emphasize that the American fashion industry was no longer in thrall to French influences. [4] (#cite_note-fin-4) In February 1921, it was reported that Hickson was to make the gown, wrap, and hat to be worn by Florence Harding (/wiki/Florence_Harding) at her husband's inauguration as 29th President of the United States (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Warren_G._Harding) . The color chosen was "Mrs. Harding Blue." [8] (#cite_note-8) In 1924, [9] (#cite_note-9) Hickson began to work with Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) as she re-established her business in Paris and New York after closing during World War I. Her clothes and workrooms occupied an entire floor of the Hickson premises. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1926, Georges Matchabelli (/wiki/Georges_V._Matchabelli) , creator of Prince Matchabelli (/wiki/Prince_Matchabelli) perfume, began appearing at Hickson to sell his fragrances and personally mixing perfumes for some of their customers. [11] (#cite_note-11) Illustration of the new Hickson building at 660 Fifth Avenue, New York. The New York Times , September 1926. In September 1926, it was reported that on 31 December that year, the firm would open a new five-story building on Fifth Avenue on the corner of 52nd Street. The building was designed by architects Springsteen and Goldhammer (/w/index.php?title=Springsteen_and_Goldhammer&action=edit&redlink=1) in the Italian Renaissance (/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_Revival) style on the former site of the William K. Vanderbilt House (/wiki/William_K._Vanderbilt_House) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Charvet & Fils (/w/index.php?title=Charvet_%26_Fils&action=edit&redlink=1) took space in the building in 1927. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 1928, the firm suffered a burglary at the firm's 15 West 36th Street workrooms when burglars broke through a wall on the tenth floor and stole clothing valued at $30–40,000. [14] (#cite_note-14) Demise and legacy [ edit ] In September 1931, the firm filed for bankruptcy with a U.S. court. Papers lodged with the court stated that an order had been lodged with the municipal court seeking to evict the firm from its 660 Fifth Avenue premises. [15] (#cite_note-15) Following bankruptcy, the rights to the firm's property and possessions were transferred to majority stakeholder Seel Singer. [16] (#cite_note-16) Singer kept the fashion retailing business going at the same 660 Fifth Avenue building; [17] (#cite_note-17) shortly after, the company was renamed to Nelson-Hickson Inc., following a partnership with clothing designer Anne Nelson. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 1938, Nelson-Hickson moved to "a charming old five-story house" at 9 West 57th (/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)) . [19] (#cite_note-19) A 1911 " walking suit (/w/index.php?title=Walking_suit&action=edit&redlink=1) " by Hickson is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) along with a c.1913 evening dress, [22] (#cite_note-22) a 1916 evening cape [23] (#cite_note-23) and a c.1918 wool suit. [24] (#cite_note-24) Further reading [ edit ] Opinions in Individual Lusitania Claims and Other Case: (To May 27, 1925.) . Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany. 1925. p. 440 – via Google Books. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Greer, Howard. (1951) Designing Male . New York: Putnam. p. 205. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hickson & Company" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221005184400/https://www2.northwestmuseum.org/museum/participant-hickson-company-338.htm) . Collections . Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture. n.d. Archived from the original (https://www2.northwestmuseum.org/museum/participant-hickson-company-338.htm) on October 5, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Supreme Court of the United States (1918). Abraham Gershel and Horatio S. Simon, doing business under the firm name and style of A. Gershel & Company, Joseph Jonasson & Company and Philip Mangone & Company, Plaintiffs-Respondents, against Hickson Inc., Abraham E. Lefcourt, doing business as A. E. Lefcourt & Company, and Benjamin Gershel, Michael Gershel and Sigmund Kaskie, doing business as Ben Gershel & Company, Defendants-Appellants . The Reporter Co. p. passim – via Google Books. ^ Jump up to: a b Finamore, M. Tolini (2013). Hollywood Before Glamour: Fashion in American silent film (https://books.google.com/books?id=F4BLYVbJHqEC&dq=Hickson+of+Fifth+Avenue&pg=PA70) . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 68–72. ISBN 978-0-230-38949-6. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Richardson, Megan & Julia Thomas. (2012) Fashioning Intellectual Property: Exhibition, Advertising and the Press 1789-1918. (https://books.google.com/books?id=pFdxxN8luoYC&dq=Hickson+Inc.&pg=PA138) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780521767569 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, Sophie Kurkdjian (Eds.) (2021) Fashion, Society, and the First World War: International perspectives. London: Bloomsbury. p. 26. ISBN 9781350119864 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Abel, Richard. (Ed.) (1996) Silent Film . (https://books.google.com/books?id=UrXhhnZXlEwC&dq=Hickson+of+Fifth+Avenue&pg=PA190) London: Athlone Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780485300765 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Hickson Inc. Given Honor of Making Gown" (https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington-dc/washington/the-washington-herald/1921/02-06/page-19/) , Washington Herald , 6 February 1921, p. 19. Retrieved from newspaperarchive.com 5 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Says Hicksons Have Vionnet Rights", Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , 20 February 1924, p.1. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Pouillard, Véronique. (2021) Paris to New York: The Transatlantic Fashion Industry in the Twentieth Century . Harvard Studies in Business History (/w/index.php?title=Harvard_Studies_in_Business_History&action=edit&redlink=1) No. 54. New Haven: Harvard University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780674237407 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Prince Matchabelli (https://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/companies/matchabelli.php) , James Bennett, Cosmetics and Skin . Retrieved 1 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "New Hickson Building to be Opened Dec. 31". The New York Times . 5 September 1926. p. RE1. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 103817421 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/103817421) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "5th Avenue Lease to Haberdashers: Charvet & Fils Take Space in the Hickson Building at Fifty-second Street." (https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/5th-avenue-lease-haberdashers/docview/103937559/se-2) , The New York Times , 21 January 1927, p. 30. Retrieved from ProQuest, 2 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Burglars Cut Wall, Get $30,000 Gowns: Bore Through Ten Inches of Brick at Hickson Loft in 36th St., Off Fifth Av." (https://www.proquest.com/docview/104431476) , The New York Times , 13 October 1928, p. 12. Retrieved from ProQuest, 5 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Hickson, Inc., Files Bankruptcy Petition: Court Names Irving Trust Receiver for Fifth Avenue Women's Wear Concern" (https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/hickson-inc-files-bankruptcy-petition/docview/99284704/se-2) , The New York Times , 17 September 1931, p. 14. Retrieved from ProQuest, 2 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Papers on Appeal . Vol. 8. Supreme Court of the United States. 1931. p. 8 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Listings" (https://books.google.com/books?id=FPYjAQAAIAAJ&q=%22seel+singer%22+%22hickson%22) . Year Book . Merchants' Association of New York: 87. 1931 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Blanshard, Julia (November 15, 1932). "Become Happy in Work, Says Girl Executive" (https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/276653677/) . Star-Gazette : 15 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Briefs" (https://books.google.com/books?id=TcurLN6pN0gC&q=%22nelson+hickson%22+fashion) . Harper's Bazaar . Vol. 72. Hearst Corporation. 1938. p. 45 – via Google Books. Exact date unknown. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Walking suit 1911. (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/106857) Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 26 September 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Which also bears a Widoff Robes, N.Y. label. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Evening dress ca. 1913. (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/88164) Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 27 September 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Evening cape 1916. (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/104755) Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 26 September 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Suit ca. 1918. (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82605) Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 26 September 2022. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hickson Inc. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hickson_Inc.) . Hickson Inc, 52nd Street, north side, corner of Sixth Avenue, New York, 1929. (https://www.gettyimages.co.nz/detail/news-photo/hickson-inc-52nd-street-north-side-corner-of-sixth-avenue-news-photo/901973168) Hickson & Company 1918 (https://looking-for-mabel.webs.com/hicksonco.htm) , newspaper clippings Richard J. Hickson, Hickson & Company (https://looking-for-mabel.webs.com/richardhickson.htm) , president and company profile Miss Kathryn Hickson (https://www.rmslusitania.info/people/saloon/kathryn-hickson/) , founder profile WikiMiniAtlas 40°45′36″N 73°58′33″W / 40.75993°N 73.97577°W / 40.75993; -73.97577 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐844cd986b8‐wc6w9 Cached time: 20240722144922 Cache expiry: 810639 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.287 seconds Real time usage: 0.440 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2250/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29005/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1934/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43416/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5196476/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 344.318 1 -total 39.15% 134.794 1 Template:Infobox_company 36.50% 125.692 1 Template:Infobox 28.39% 97.751 3 Template:Cite_book 17.37% 59.819 1 Template:Reflist 9.10% 31.345 1 Template:Commons_category 8.17% 28.130 1 Template:Sister_project 7.30% 25.138 1 Template:Side_box 5.47% 18.831 1 Template:Coord 5.30% 18.236 2 Template:Ubl Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71851530-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722144922 and revision id 1226512264. 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Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vivienne_Westwood-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z-Vivienne_Westwood"],"text":"Vivienne Westwood","linkableTitle":"Vivienne Westwood"} Vivienne Westwood [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vivienne_Westwood-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z-Vivienne_Westwood"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-EEng-2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z","timestamp":"2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vivienne_Westwood-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z-Vivienne_Westwood"],"text":"Vivienne Westwood","linkableTitle":"Vivienne Westwood"} What is she doing in this template? I can't find anything in her article, or via Google, that indicates any connection to the subject. The closest think I can find is something about whether she wore knickers when meeting the queen, which doesn't really cut it. Am I missing something? EEng (/wiki/User:EEng) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:EEng) ) 02:18, 4 September 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_dress#c-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z-Vivienne_Westwood) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","author":"EEng","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z-Vivienne_Westwood","replies":["c-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z"]}} She designed the new robes for King's College, London (/wiki/King%27s_College,_London) in 2007. Whether this is sufficient grounds to include her in the template is open to discussion, but if Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) (who designed the robes for the University of East Anglia (/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia) ) is on the list, I guess she should be too. (And, for that matter, Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) , who designed the robes for the University of Essex (/wiki/University_of_Essex) .) -- Nicholas Jackson (/wiki/User:Nicholas_Jackson) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Nicholas_Jackson) ) 09:09, 4 September 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_dress#c-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z","author":"Nicholas Jackson","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z-EEng-2013-09-04T02:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-EEng-2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z"]}} Though it's a rarefied area and there aren't many contenders, I think that just designing a school's regalia isn't enough (no doubt many others have done so in obscurity). I'd drop Beaton and Westwood, keep the others, but I leave that decision to you and others with more of an overall sense for the subject. EEng (/wiki/User:EEng) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:EEng) ) 13:13, 4 September 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_dress#c-EEng-2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z","author":"EEng","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-EEng-2013-09-04T13:13:00.000Z-Nicholas_Jackson-2013-09-04T09:09:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cb9rf Cached time: 20240721063536 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.010 seconds CPU time usage: 0.148 seconds Real time usage: 0.205 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 240/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16242/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12297/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1781360/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 160.677 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 160.677 1 -total 48.47% 77.880 1 Template:WikiProject_Education 10.46% 16.802 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 2.07% 3.324 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39482740-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721063536 and revision id 1197883813. 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Accounts on women in Meitei culture "Nupi" redirects here. Not to be confused with NUPI (/wiki/NUPI) . This article contains the Meitei alphabet (/wiki/Meitei_script) . Without proper rendering support (/wiki/Wikipedia:Meitei_script_display_help) , you may see errors in display. An illustration of a Meitei woman Women have significant roles in different elements of Meitei culture (/wiki/Meitei_culture) , including Meitei dances (/wiki/Meitei_dances) , Meitei festivals (/wiki/Meitei_festivals) , Meitei folklore (/wiki/Meitei_folklore) , Meitei folktales (/wiki/Meitei_folktales) , Meitei literature (/wiki/Meitei_literature) , Meitei mythology (/wiki/Meitei_mythology) , Meitei religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) , etc. Women as goddesses [ edit ] Further information: Ancient Meitei goddesses (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddesses) Besides natural elements and phenomena personified as divine feminine beings, venerated and worshipped by the Meitei people (/wiki/Meitei_people) in Meitei religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) , many women are also deified to the same status. The personality of Imoinu (/wiki/Imoinu) , Panthoibi (/wiki/Panthoibi) and Phouoibi (/wiki/Phouoibi) shows as well as influences the boldness (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boldness) , courage, independence, righteousness (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/righteousness) and social honour of Meitei women (/wiki/Meitei_people) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Leimarel Sidabi (/wiki/Leimarel_Sidabi) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤ (/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4) ), also known as Leimalel Sitapi ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯂꯩꯃꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯇꯄꯤ ), is an ancient Meitei goddess (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddess) associated with earth, nature and the household. In Meitei mythology (/wiki/Meitei_mythology) and the religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (/wiki/Ancient_Kangleipak) (early Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) ), she is the highest female divinity as well as is revered as the mother of every living being in the universe. [2] (#cite_note-Devi_2002_48-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Imoinu (/wiki/Imoinu) , also spelled as Emoinu (/wiki/Emoinu) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯏꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ (/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8) ), is an ancient Meitei goddess (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddess) , associated with household, hearth (/wiki/Hearth) , family, fireplace (/wiki/Fireplace) , kitchen, wealth, peace and prosperity. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-A_Hymn_for_Goddess_Emoinu-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In Meitei mythology (/wiki/Meitei_mythology) and religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (/wiki/Ancient_Kangleipak) ( Antique Manipur (/wiki/Antique_Manipur) ), she is also identified as a form of goddess Leimarel Sidabi (/wiki/Leimarel_Sidabi) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-e-pao.net-10) In Meitei mythology (/wiki/Meitei_mythology) and religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (/wiki/Ancient_Kangleipak) (early Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) ), Panthoibi (/wiki/Panthoibi) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ (/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4) , romanized: Paanthoibee , Old Manipuri (/wiki/Old_Manipuri_language) : ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ (/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4) , romanized: Panthoipi (/wiki/Panthoipi) ), also known as Nongpok Leima (/wiki/Nongpok_Leima) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) for 'Queen of the East'), is an ancient Meitei goddess (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddess) associated with civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) She is considered to be a divine incarnation of goddess Leimarel Sidabi (/wiki/Leimarel_Sidabi) as well as that of Nongthang Leima (/wiki/Nongthang_Leima) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In Meitei mythology (/wiki/Meitei_mythology) and religion (/wiki/Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (/wiki/Ancient_Kangleipak) (early Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) ), Phouoibi (/wiki/Phouoibi) , also known as Phouleima (/wiki/Phouleima) , is an ancient Meitei goddess (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddess) associated with agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvest, paddy, rice and wealth. [17] (#cite_note-Paniker_1997-17) [18] (#cite_note-Devi_2002-18) [19] (#cite_note-Sanajaoba_1993-19) [20] (#cite_note-The_Cultural_Heritage_of_Manipur-20) Women in Meitei literature [ edit ] Further information: Meitei literature (/wiki/Meitei_literature) and Meitei Chanu (poem) (/wiki/Meitei_Chanu_(poem)) The Meitei Chanu (poem) (/wiki/Meitei_Chanu_(poem)) depicts the feminization (/wiki/Feminization_of_language) of the Meitei language (/wiki/Meitei_language) and Meitei literature (/wiki/Meitei_literature) . Its opening lines notably shows the idea of a culture that is prevalent in the form of a shrine ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯡ, ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ , romanized: laishang [21] (#cite_note-21) ). The very literary temple refers to the remaining empty without a goddess ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ , romanized: lairembi [22] (#cite_note-22) ) for a very long period of time. This metaphor (/wiki/Metaphor) shows significant transformation in history as "Ema" ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯏꯃꯥ , romanized: /í.ma/ , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'mother' [23] (#cite_note-23) ) or the "Meitei Chanu" ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯆꯅꯨ , romanized: /mə́i.təi cə.nu/ , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'Meitei Lady') re-occupies the temple. The reasons why she could enter into her past shrine once again are because of the western education (/wiki/European_studies) , their imitations and the feminization of language and literature. [24] (#cite_note-24) Women in music [ edit ] In traditional music [ edit ] Further information: Moirang Sai (/wiki/Moirang_Sai) , Nura Pakhang (Eu e Tu) (/wiki/Nura_Pakhang_(Eu_e_Tu)) , and Shakuhachi meets Pena (/wiki/Shakuhachi_meets_Pena) In the 2010s, Ima Thoinu, a traditional Moirang Sai (/wiki/Moirang_Sai) singer, got only a few students to learn the endangered art form, which was the only means to keep it alive. A small group of performers are again learning the nearly extinct art form of the Moirang Sai (/wiki/Moirang_Sai) to save it from total extinction. The art form was outstandingly revived due to the hard works of Mangka Mayanglambam ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯃꯪꯀꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯡꯂꯝꯕꯝ ), a traditional Meitei folk singer and artist of the "Laihui" ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯨꯏ ). Mangka is re-popularising the nearly extinct art form among the present youth once again. [25] (#cite_note-:sevensistersmusic.com-25) [26] (#cite_note-:scroll.in-26) [27] (#cite_note-:www.telegraphindia.com-27) Women's only market [ edit ] Further information: Ima Market (/wiki/Ima_Market) The Ima Market (/wiki/Ima_Market) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) : Ima Keithel (/wiki/Ima_Keithel) , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) ' Mothers' Market (/wiki/Mothers%27_Market) '), also known as the Nupi Keithel (/wiki/Nupi_Keithel) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) for ' Women's Market (/wiki/Women%27s_Market) ') or the Khwairamband Keithel (/wiki/Khwairamband_Keithel) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) for ' Khwairamband Market (/wiki/Khwairamband_Market) '), [28] (#cite_note-28) in Imphal (/wiki/Imphal) , [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) is the only market in the world run entirely by women. [31] (#cite_note-31) Inside the market, male shopkeepers and vendors are not allowed to sell anything. [32] (#cite_note-32) The three major building complexes of the Ima Market are named after three prominent ancient Meitei goddesses (/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_goddesses) , who are Leimarel Sidabi (/wiki/Leimarel_Sidabi) (for Market No. 1), Emoinu (/wiki/Emoinu) / Imoinu (/wiki/Imoinu) (for Market No. 2) and Phouoibi (/wiki/Phouoibi) (for Market No. 3). [33] (#cite_note-33) Ima Keithel is a classic example of the long-lasting tradition of business management done by Meitei women in Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) . Traditionally, Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_people) women always enjoyed high status in the economy of the society. Women lead the trade and commerce in food and vegetables, household things and clothes in Meitei society. [34] (#cite_note-34) In history, it is the symbol of the empowerment (/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment) and the leadership prospects of Meitei women in Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) . [35] (#cite_note-35) Women's rebellions [ edit ] Further information: Nupi Lan (/wiki/Nupi_Lan) A photograph of a Nupi Lan (/wiki/Nupi_Lan) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) for 'Women's war') in Manipur Kingdom (/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom) against British colonial rule c. 1904 Women in sports [ edit ] In traditional sports [ edit ] Further information: Manipur Statehood Day Women's Polo Tournament (/wiki/Manipur_Statehood_Day_Women%27s_Polo_Tournament) and Daughters of the Polo God (/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Polo_God) In non traditional sports [ edit ] Further information: Saikhom Mirabai Chanu (/wiki/Saikhom_Mirabai_Chanu) , Oinam Bembem Devi (/wiki/Oinam_Bembem_Devi) , Bombayla Devi Laishram (/wiki/Bombayla_Devi_Laishram) , Laishram Sarita Devi (/wiki/Laishram_Sarita_Devi) , and Kunjarani Devi (/wiki/Kunjarani_Devi) Women torch bearers [ edit ] Further information: Meira Paibi (/wiki/Meira_Paibi) The Meira Paibi (/wiki/Meira_Paibi) ( Meitei (/wiki/Meitei_language) for ' torch (/wiki/Torch) holding woman') are traditional Meitei women (/wiki/Meitei_people) 's social organisations and their movements in Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) .They originated during the times when there were no artificial light available or rare in Manipur, hence the womenfolk used handmade torches to light the paths. They work against many different social evils, like the misuse of military powers by the Indian Army (/wiki/Indian_Army) in Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) , India (/wiki/India) . They are called the "Guardians of the society" . The name comes from the burning torches (/wiki/Torch) that the women carry. The torch has become the symbol of peaceful protest for justice at all levels of life. [36] (#cite_note-Parratt-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-Karna_1998-38) Women in extravaganzas [ edit ] Further information: Meetei Chanu (/wiki/Meetei_Chanu) and Miss Kangleipak (/wiki/Miss_Kangleipak) Miss Meetei Chanu (/wiki/Miss_Meetei_Chanu) , also spelled as Miss Meitei Chanu (/wiki/Miss_Meitei_Chanu) , is an international annual beauty pageant that is run by the Manipur (/wiki/Manipur) based Lainingthou Sanamahi Sana Pung (/wiki/Lainingthou_Sanamahi_Sana_Pung) (LSSP), aiming to make Meitei women (/wiki/Meitei_people) understand the culture and tradition of Sanamahism (/wiki/Sanamahism) ( traditional Meitei religion (/wiki/Traditional_Meitei_religion) ). [39] (#cite_note-telegraphindia.com-39) [40] (#cite_note-pothashang.in-40) [41] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-41) See also [ edit ] Plants in Meitei culture (/wiki/Plants_in_Meitei_culture) Hills and mountains in Meitei culture (/wiki/Hills_and_mountains_in_Meitei_culture) Birds in Meitei culture (/wiki/Birds_in_Meitei_culture) Animals in Meitei culture (/wiki/Animals_in_Meitei_culture) Women in Buddhist culture (/wiki/Women_in_Buddhist_culture) Women in Christian culture (/wiki/Women_in_Christian_culture) Women in Hindu culture (/wiki/Women_in_Hindu_culture) Women in Islamic culture (/wiki/Women_in_Islamic_culture) Women in Jewish culture (/wiki/Women_in_Jewish_culture) Notes [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kipgen, Tingneichong G. (2010). Women's Role in the 20th Century Manipur: A Historical Study . Gyan Publishing House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7835-803-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-Devi_2002_48_2-0) Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai . Mittal Publications. p. 48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7099-849-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur . Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) . p. 221. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-000-29637-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Karna, Mahendra Narain (1998). Social Movements in North-East India . Indus Publishing. p. 200. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7387-083-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi (16 June 2019). Glimpses of Manipuri Culture . Lulu.com. p. 23. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-359-72919-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Singh, Rocky; Sharma, Mayur (2014-07-25). Highway on my Plate - II: the indian guide to roadside eating . Random House India. p. 44. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8400-642-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-A_Hymn_for_Goddess_Emoinu_7-0) "A Hymn for Goddess Emoinu" (http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.A_Hymn_for_Goddess_Emoinu) . e-pao.net . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Meiteis celebrate Emoinu" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/meiteis-celebrate-emoinu/cid/1627030) . telegraphindia.com . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi (16 June 2019). Glimpses of Manipuri Culture . Lulu.com. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-359-72919-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-e-pao.net_10-0) "EMOINU AHONGBI THOUNIROL (A Traditional adoration to Goddess Emoinu)" (http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.emoinu) . e-pao.net . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_11-0) Jain, Jyotindra (1998). Other Masters: Five Contemporary Folk and Tribal Artists of India . Crafts Museum and the Handicrafts and Handlooms Exports Corporation of India. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba . Vikas Publishing House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-259-0416-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Session, North East India History Association (2001). Proceedings of North East India History Association . The Association. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Singh, R. K. Jhalajit (1992). A Short History of Manipur . R.K. Jhalajit Singh. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Social Movements in Contemporary India - Page 98 - Bidyut Chakrabarty, Shibani Kinkar Chaube · 1999 ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima by James Oinam" (http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Incarnations_of_Goddess_Nongthang_Leima_By_James_Oinam) . e-pao.net . ^ (#cite_ref-Paniker_1997_17-0) Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections . Sahitya Akademi. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-260-0365-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-Devi_2002_18-0) Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai . Mittal Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7099-849-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sanajaoba_1993_19-0) Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents . Mittal Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7099-399-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Cultural_Heritage_of_Manipur_20-0) Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-000-29637-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Laishang" (https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A1&searchhws=yes#) . dsal.uchicago.edu . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Lairembi" (https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4&searchhws=yes) . dsal.uchicago.edu . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Ema" (https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5&searchhws=yes#) . dsal.uchicago.edu . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Lancha, Ningthouja (2018-06-30). Kangla Lanpung Summer 2018 . RK Sanatomba Memorial Trust, Palace Compound, Imphal -795001, Manipur. p. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-:sevensistersmusic.com_25-0) "Mangka sings Moirang Sai with Laihui Ensemble – Manipur's Traditional Folk Music & Dance" (https://sevensistersmusic.com/?p=273) . Retrieved 2022-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-:scroll.in_26-0) Shukla, Vandana (15 December 2017). "Fighting all odds and jeers, a 21-year-old woman is reviving nearly-extinct Manipuri folk songs" (https://scroll.in/magazine/854968/fighting-all-odds-and-jeers-a-21-year-old-singer-has-revived-nearly-extinct-manipuri-folk-songs) . Scroll.in . Retrieved 2022-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-:www.telegraphindia.com_27-0) "Glimpses of dying art form earn kudos" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/glimpses-of-dying-art-form-earn-kudos/cid/541356) . www.telegraphindia.com . Retrieved 2022-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Singh, Amita; Punia, Milap; Haran, Nivedita P.; Singh, Thiyam Bharat (2018-06-15). Development and Disaster Management: A Study of the Northeastern States of India . Springer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-10-8485-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "India's Mother's Market run by women" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952) . BBC News . Retrieved 2021-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake" (https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306) . The News Minute . 2016-01-04 . Retrieved 2021-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) – "India's Mother's Market run by women" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952) . BBC News . – Gupta, Om (2006). Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh . Gyan Publishing House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8205-389-2 . 'Ima Keithel' at Khwairamband Bazar is the only market in the world where, as the name suggests, all the stalls are run by women. – Shivhare, Vishal (2016-08-17). Vyapar Shastra . Jaico Publishing House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8495-898-0 . Ima Keithel Market, Imphal, Manipur Ima market or Nupi Keithel, in Imphal, Manipur, is the only all-women marketplace in the world. – Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India . Quills Ink. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-84318-00-0 . The world famous Ima Keithel, the only unique women ́s market in the world, situated at the heart of the capital : It was established in 1636 AD by king Khagemba as a part of his ... – "Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake" (https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306) . The News Minute . 2016-01-04. – Sahu (IAS), Barun Kumar (2020-01-01). AN INQUIRY INTO VIGILANCE AND CORRUPTION . Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-5322-856-9 . – Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Das, Gitishree; Kumar, Sanjeet; Thatoi, Hrudayanath (2019-08-05). Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants . CRC Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-67537-9 . The Ima market or Ima keithel is a unique marketplace exclusively run by women. – Deshpande, Abhijeet (2017-12-19). Backpacking North East India: A Curious Journey . Notion Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-946556-80-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Rastogi, Priyanka (2019-05-13). Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India . Partridge Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5437-0523-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Asia's largest all-women market reopens in Manipur \| News - Times of India Videos" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/asias-largest-all-women-market-reopens-in-manipur/videoshow/80930212.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Retrieved 2023-04-15 . ... the names of the three Ima Markets as Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel for Market No. 1, Imoinu Ima Keithel for Market No. 2, and Phouoibi Ima Keithel for Market No. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-34) Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59884-659-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Shivhare, Vishal (2016-08-17). Vyapar Shastra . Jaico Publishing House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8495-898-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-Parratt_36-0) Parratt, John (2005-01-01). Wounded Land: Politics and Identity in Modern Manipur . Mittal Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8324-053-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Sharma, G. Amarjit (2021-07-05). State vs. Society in Northeast India: History, Politics and the Everyday . SAGE Publishing India. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-93-91370-45-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-Karna_1998_38-0) Karna, Mahendra Narain (1998). Social Movements in North-East India . Indus Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7387-083-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-telegraphindia.com_39-0) "Contest on Meitei way of life" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/contest-on-meitei-way-of-life/cid/1425684) . www.telegraphindia.com . Retrieved 2022-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-pothashang.in_40-0) "Meetei Chanu 2018 \| Pothashang News" (https://www.pothashang.in/2018/11/01/meetei-chanu-2018/) . Pothashang . 2018-11-01 . Retrieved 2022-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0) " (https://www.pothashang.in/2017/12/20/meetei-chanu-final-contest-december-23/) 'MEETEI CHANU' FINAL CONTEST ON DECEMBER 23 \| Pothashang News" (https://www.pothashang.in/2017/12/20/meetei-chanu-final-contest-december-23/) . Pothashang . 2017-12-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-14 . 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