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{{ db-userreq (/wiki/Template:Db-userreq) }} Submission declined on 1 February 2024 by Robert McClenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ). Thank you for your submission, but the subject of this article already exists in Wikipedia. You can find it and improve it at Beauty Without Cruelty (/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty) instead. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. 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Last edited by Gaia20202 (/wiki/User:Gaia20202) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Gaia20202&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: AFC is not a vehicle for proposing expansion of articles. Please discuss your proposed expansions at Talk:Beauty Without Cruelty (/wiki/Talk:Beauty_Without_Cruelty) . If you are unsure about the process of expanding an article, you may ask for advice at the Teahouse (/wiki/Wikipedia:TEA) or the Help Desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:HD) . Robert McClenon (/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ) 21:41, 1 February 2024 (UTC) Expanded Beauty Without Cruelty, the charitable trust and pioneering cruelty-free movement. This is a test sandbox for BWC It has been suggested that this page should be split (/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) into pages titled Beauty Without Cruelty (South Africa) (/w/index.php?title=Beauty_Without_Cruelty_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1) and Beauty Without Cruelty (UK) (/w/index.php?title=Beauty_Without_Cruelty_(UK)&action=edit&redlink=1) . ( discuss (/wiki/Draft_talk:Beauty_Without_Cruelty) ) ( March 2023 ) Beauty Without Cruelty ( BWC ) was founded as an educational charitable trust in England (/wiki/England) in 1959 by Lady Muriel Dowding (/wiki/Muriel_Dowding) (1908–1993), past president of the National Anti-Vivisection Society (/wiki/National_Anti-Vivisection_Society) and wife of Lord Dowding (/wiki/Lord_Dowding) (1882–1970), the former commander-in-chief of RAF Fighter Command (/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command) during the Battle of Britain (/wiki/Battle_of_Britain) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It investigated and exposed the brutality inflicted on animals in the fur (/wiki/Fur_trade) and cosmetic trade (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) and led the way in the commercial production of synthetic alternatives to fur (/wiki/Fur) and cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) without the use of animal ingredients and not tested on animals (/wiki/Animal_testing) , pioneering the cruelty-free (/wiki/Cruelty-free) movement. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The initial fundamental purpose of the charitable trust was to demonstrate that alternatives to cruelly derived clothing and cosmetics were easily obtainable and, if they did not exist, to get them on the market. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) BWC spread the concept that one could easily look beautiful, using quality natural products, without inflicting cruelty of death upon any living creature. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) In 1963, Lady Dowding set up Beauty Without Cruelty Cosmetics ( BWC Ltd ), the trading arm of the charity, so their cruelty-free cosmetics and other products, including simulated furs (/wiki/Fake_fur) could be sold. This later became a private company. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) According to Dowding, BWC pioneered the production of 100 percent vegetable soap (/wiki/Vegetable_soap) as a luxury item. [5] (#cite_note-5) The charity, now known as the BWC Charitable Trust, established branches in Australia (/wiki/Australia) , New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) , India (/wiki/India) , South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) , [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) along with Canada (/wiki/Canada) , [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) , Wales (/wiki/Wales) , Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) , Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) , Rhodesia (/wiki/Rhodesia) (Zimbabwe), the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) , [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Finland (/wiki/Finland) and Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) The first Beauty Without Cruelty boutique opened in central London (/wiki/London) in 1965. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Currently two independently run BWC charitable organisations are in existence having expanded the scope of work: Beauty Without Cruelty - India: and Beauty Without Cruelty (South Africa). [9] (#cite_note-9) There are also two independent cruelty-free cosmetic companies: Beauty Without Cruelty in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and Beauty Without Cruelty in the United States. These are vegan (/wiki/Veganism) and continue to refuse to test their products on animals. History [ edit ] Lady Dowding, dedicated to the rights of animals (/wiki/Animal_rights) , was appalled by the suffering and cruelty involved in the production of fur coats (/wiki/Fur_clothing) and fur accessories, fashionable at the time. In 1959, compelled to something, she explored the alternatives to fur and set out to make known her findings to the wider public. With friends, Sylvia Barbanell (https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/barbanell-maurice-1902-1981) , Olive Burton (https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/A_Guide_to_Spirit_Healing.html?id=90rKMgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y) , Elspeth Douglas Reid (https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/dc952ae2-1a20-303a-9cfb-2956de5df90a?component=2e7487dd-7c89-3539-bd1a-f15304f9343f) , Dr. Barbara Latto (https://ivu.org/members/council/barbara-latto.html) and Monica Latto, drawn into the idea Dowding formed a small volunteer committee to stage fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) featuring simulated furs bearing the label 'Beauty Without Cruelty'. Their shows exposed the cruelty behind the fur trade in order to change public opinion, whilst also demonstrating the suffering inflicted on animals. Their first London fashion show caused much publicity and was a surprisingly huge success, leading to subsequent events in London and other cities in England. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) People began writing to Dowding and national papers, radio and television picked up on the story and the movement escalated, becoming clear that many were anxious to help. BWC tried to remain a movement, that worked alongside other animal welfare groups and organisations, not another society in competition with others. As interest grew, they began a periodical newsletter to keep in touch with their many supporters. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) BWC's campaign to make furs not only socially acceptable, but socially virtuous, made an effective contribution to the development of fake fur, with every season bringing advances in the quality of their fabrics. [12] (#cite_note-12) Alongside BWC's exposure of the fur trade, Dowding brought the public's attention to the use of animal ingredients in cosmetics, which were obtained in no less of a brutal manner. She later learnt one of the most closely guarded trade secrets, that cosmetic companies also tested their products on animals, often in appalling ways. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) This knowledge led to an important part of BWC's work; to examine claims made by manufacturers that their products were free from cruelty. Where necessary, cosmetic products were tested and analysed by their BWC technical adviser, a well know cosmetic chemist, Mr. F. V. Wells (/w/index.php?title=Mr._F._V._Wells&action=edit&redlink=1) and cosmetic analyst Dr. G. N. James, as at that time no labelling requirements were laid down for cosmetic contents, although manufactured foodstuff required this by law. BWC published these findings in a brochure, More Than Skin Deep, which itemised beauty and household products available on the market, not test on animals or containing animal ingredients, other than beeswax (/wiki/Beeswax) , honey or lanolin (/wiki/Lanolin) , along with other non-leather (/wiki/Artificial_leather) shoes, gloves and handbags. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) A quarterly journal, Compassion , covered BWC's activities and published articles on kindred subjects in the wider humanitarian field. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) A kinship with all forms of life was encouraged. The public were reached through newspaper and magazine articles, television, and radio in Britain and abroad. Fashion and film shows, exhibitions and public meetings were held. Council members and other qualified speakers addressed interested societies and organisations. [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) Following Dowding's failed attempt to persuade cosmetic firms to create a range of cosmetics that did not involve any cruelty to animals, a BWC committee member and former chemist, Kathleen Long (/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Long_cosmetician&action=edit&redlink=1) , who had made cosmetics for friends during the war, created their first cruelty-free cream formula, which was made up by John Bell & Croyden (/wiki/John_Bell_%26_Croyden) . The minimal profit made from this was ploughed back into the next product and so on. Eventually through trial and error, Long, on behalf of BWC, developed the first full range of cruelty-free cosmetics, created from the finest oils (/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils) and essences of plants, herbs and flowers. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) [14] (#cite_note-14) Long continued working for BWC until her death in 1970. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 1963, a solicitor Noel Gabriel, as a gift, converted BWC into a registered educational charitable trust to enable them to have members whose fees would pay for the running costs and help Dowding pay for the increased secretarial support required for the movement's rapid growth. As charities could not enter trade, he also created for them a limited company, Beauty Without Cruelty Ltd, under which the cruelty-free products they promoted and manufactured could be sold. [16] (#cite_note-16) All profits from the cruelty-free sales went back to the charity. [17] (#cite_note-17) Dowding searched unsuccessfully for over a year, for a shop that would have a Beauty Without Cruelty counter, due to the conflict of interest with many of the established cosmetic firms. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 1963, a small boutique opened in a committee member's garage in Bayswater (/wiki/Bayswater) , London, selling the cruelty free products. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In 1965, BWC bought and opened its first boutique at 49 Upper Montagu Street, London. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Affiliated branches began opening boutiques in Britain, enabling more people access to cruelty-free clothes and cosmetics. [13] (#cite_note-:4-13) BWC was supported by its President Lord Dowding and Vice Presidents, who included Michaela Denis (/wiki/Michaela_Denis) , Spike Milligan (/wiki/Spike_Milligan) and his wife Paddy (Patricia Ridgeway), Brigid Brophy (/wiki/Brigid_Brophy) , Maureen Duffy (/wiki/Maureen_Duffy) , Tony Britton (/wiki/Tony_Britton) , Grace Cooke, [21] (#cite_note-21) Rupert Davis, Harry Edwards (/wiki/Harry_Edwards_(healer)) , Dr. Richard St. Barbe Baker (/wiki/Richard_St._Barbe_Baker) , Eva Batt, [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Rukmini Devi Arundale (/wiki/Rukmini_Devi_Arundale) , Patrick Moore (/wiki/Patrick_Moore) and others. [22] (#cite_note-:8-22) Models flocked to support BWC fashion shows. In 1970, Dowding asked former top fur model Celia Hammond (/wiki/Celia_Hammond) to observe the seal cull off the Gulf of St Lawrence (/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence) , Canada, to help raise awareness on behalf of BWC. [23] (#cite_note-:10-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Beauty Without Cruelty expansion [ edit ] The BWC movement rapidly grew and by 1962 established branches in Australia, Japan, the United States, and New Zealand and Canada in 1963. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [25] (#cite_note-25) The Northern and the Scottish branches in the UK started in 1965. [26] (#cite_note-26) The Rhodesian and South African branch began in 1966 [27] (#cite_note-27) and a Welsh branch in 1967. [28] (#cite_note-28) In 1973, Dr. Ethel Thurston founded the United Stated branch in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [29] (#cite_note-29) A BWC branch in India started in 1974. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) By 1975, there were branches set up in Durban (/wiki/Durban) , Pretoria (/wiki/Pretoria) and Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) In South Africa, Kenya,, the Netherlands, Ireland, and further UK branches in Lancashire (/wiki/Lancashire) , Leeds (/wiki/Leeds) , East Midlands (/wiki/East_Midlands) , Edinburgh (/wiki/Edinburgh) and Glasgow (/wiki/Glasgow) . [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Finland began its own branch in 1978 and Hong Kong in 1981. [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) In 1969, BWC became associated with Compassion in World Farming (/wiki/Compassion_in_World_Farming) . [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Due to the rapid growth in demand for cosmetics, which caused considerable production problems, Dowding's son, David Whiting became marketing and production director of BWC Ltd in early 1970 until 1973. [32] (#cite_note-32) Whiting also led BWC in expanding its activities by launching international investigations of illegal trade and the cruel exploitation of animals. Reports in the press dubbed him 'The Animal Spy' and made the hard facts of the poaching, smuggling, slaughter and abuse of animals for the fashion and cosmetic's industry freely available to the public and industry alike. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) The cosmetic company was later taken over by Grenville Hawkins and Joseph Piccioni (/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Piccioni&action=edit&redlink=1) . [23] (#cite_note-:10-23) In 1978, Piccioni became the managing director of BWC Ltd in Great Britain. [ citation needed ] With his business expertise and dedication to animal rights, Piccioni helped lead BWC to launch its lines in the United States in 1989. [36] (#cite_note-:9-36) In 1979, Dr. Ethel Thurston, Head of BWC (United States) coordinated a week of anti-fur protests in New York, with star guests, Lady Dowding and actress Gretchen Wyler (/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler) , to coincide with the American International Fur Fair. The effort is remembered as the beginning of the United States anti-fur movement. [37] (#cite_note-37) Dowding remained director of BWC until shortly before the educational charitable trust and the cosmetics company became separate organisations in 1980. [38] (#cite_note-38) Dowding resigned in 1981. [39] (#cite_note-39) The BWC (UK) charity closed in 2002. [40] (#cite_note-40) Beauty Without Cruelty today [ edit ] BWC charities [ edit ] Beauty Without Cruelty – India , an educational charitable trust for animal rights, began by focusing on the commercial exploitation of animals for vanity on 12 th September 1974 by Diana Ratnagar, who continues as managing trustee and Chairperson of the organisation. It does not accept any foreign aid or donations. Over the years the organisation has expanded its scope of work to cover animals subjected to suffering, torture or death in the name of food, science, research, experimentation, dissection, testing, medicine, service, trade, entertainment, training, performance, exhibition, conservation, environment, confinement, genetic engineering, physical alteration, fashion, beauty preparations, toiletries, apparel, accessories, household goods, decorative items, religion, or for any other reason or purpose. This is in keeping with their motto: 'Beauty Without Cruelty is a way of life which causes no creature of land, sea or air terror, torture or death.' BWC India's activities involve research, fact-finding, investigation through fieldwork, documentation, reports and publication, along with education, creating public awareness, campaigning and lobbying. [41] (#cite_note-41) Beauty Without Cruelty (South Africa) is an animal issues charity in South Africa, established in 1975. Its initial focus was animal testing, fur and ivory (/wiki/Ivory) . It has subsequently expanded to include educating and offering kind options in all areas of animal exploitation. Beauty Without Cruelty is an animal rights organisation with a primary objective to educate and inform the public about the exploitation, abuse and suffering of all animals and to offer humane, non-animal alternatives, to replace cruel and harmful lifestyle choices. They receive no government or lottery funding and rely entirely on the generosity of supporters to continue work for animals. Beauty Without Cruelty means living without cruelty. [42] (#cite_note-42) BWC cosmetic companies [ edit ] Beauty Without Cruelty is an independent British company that manufactures vegan (/wiki/Vegan) cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) . The cosmetics contain no animal products (/wiki/Animal_product) and are not tested on animals (/wiki/Tested_on_animals) and are a certified member of the Vegan Society (/wiki/The_Vegan_Society) and Cruelty Free Internationa (/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International) l . [43] (#cite_note-43) Beauty Without Cruelty is also an independent company in the United States that continues to produce a full line of cruelty-free, vegan skin, body and haircare products. [44] (#cite_note-44) The brand was introduced into the United States in 1989. [36] (#cite_note-:9-36) BWC's products are free of parabens, gluten, S.L.S, PEG, toluene, formaldehyde and phthalates. Although millions of animals are killed each year as a result of animal testing of cosmetics, Beauty Without Cruelty advocates animal rights and argues that the results of animal testing are often unreliable and can not be applied to humans. [45] (#cite_note-45) BWC focuses on vegan and "natural" products that cannot chemically harm humans and do not need to be tested on animals. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) BWC has worked to support the Humane Cosmetics Act (/wiki/Humane_Cosmetics_Act) on its mission to end cosmetic animal testing in the United States. [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) See also [ edit ] List of animal rights advocates (/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates) List of vegetarian and vegan companies (/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies) Testing cosmetics on animals (/wiki/Testing_cosmetics_on_animals) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Linzey, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Linzey) . "Dowding, Lady Muriel," Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare . Greenwood, 1998, p. 139. ^ a b c d e f Stepaniak, Joanne (/wiki/Joanne_Stepaniak) . The Vegan Sourcebook . McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000, pp. 123–124. ^ a b c Correspondent (19 October 1964). "Beauty Without Cruelty". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ^ a b Dowding, Muriel (7 March 1970). "Beauty Without Cruelty. How it all began" (https://issuu.com/vegan_society/docs/the-vegan-summer-1962/6) . The Vegan. Summer 1962. The Vegan Society . XII (8) – via ISSUU. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Muriel the Lady Dowding (/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding) . "Furs and Cosmetics: Too High a Price?" in Stanley Godlovitch, Roslind Godlovitch, and John Harris (eds.). Animals, Men and Morals (/wiki/Animals,_Men_and_Morals) . Victor Gollancz, 1971, p. 39. ^ a b c "Beauty Without Cruelty (International)". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty (Dec 1975 - Mar 1976): 2. 1976. ^ a b "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty (Spring–Summer). 1981. ^ a b "A New Boutique. The Vegan Autumn 1965 by The Vegan Society" (https://issuu.com/vegan_society/docs/the-vegan-autumn-1965---21st-anniversary-issue) . issuu.com . 1970-03-20 . Retrieved 2024-01-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Beauty Without Cruelty - India" (https://www.bwcindia.org/Web/AboutUs/History.html) . www.bwcindia.org . Retrieved 2024-01-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sammartano, Ray; Bennett, Beverley (2012). "Compassion in Fashion". The Complete Idiot's Guide to Vegan Living . Alpha Books (/wiki/Alpha_Books) . p. 333. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1615642021 . ^ a b c d e Berry, Rynn (/wiki/Rynn_Berry) (1993). "Muriel, The Lady Dowding". The New Vegetarians . Pythagorean Publishers. pp. 137–151. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780962616907 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Polan, Brenda (17 January 1979). "More women turn to fake fur" (https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2014/jan/17/fur-fashion-real-fake) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ a b c "More Than Skin Deep. Our purposes". Beauty Without Cruelty Brochure (Updated brochure): 3–5. 1971. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Elvin, Rene (1966-02-05). "Buying Beauty Without the Beast". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Whiting, David. "Kathleen Long". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty (Sept 1970 - Jan 1971): 19. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Dowding, Muriel (1980). Beauty Not the Beast, an autobiography by Muriel, The Lady Dowding . Neville Spearman. p. 170. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780859780568 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Goodman, Paula (1972-02-01). "Looks that kill...". Reading Evening Post (/wiki/Reading_Evening_Post) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Dowding, Muriel (1963). "A Step Forward". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . 3 (Spring). ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Minks are not appreciated". Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) . 17 January 1963. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Without cruelty". Daily Herald (/wiki/Daily_Herald) . 16 January 1963. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Our History" (https://www.white-eagle.org.uk/about-us/our-history/) . ^ (#cite_ref-:8_22-0) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . Autumn. 1978. ^ a b Long, Alan (23 November 1993). "A lioness who wore fake fur. Obituary. Muriel Dowding". The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Hammond, Celia (/wiki/Celia_Hammond) . "Where it all started" (https://celiahammond.org/index.php/about-us/celia-hammond-charity-founder) . Celia Hammond Animal Trust . Retrieved 2024-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . 2 (Spring 1963). ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . 1 (Spring 1965). ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . 4 (Spring 1966). ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty . 1 (Spring 1967). ^ (#cite_ref-29) "AFAAR founder. Ethel Thurston" (https://alternativestoanimalresearch.org/afaar/ethel-thurston#:~:text=The%20founding%20trustee%20of%20the,could%20to%20ease%20animals%27%20misery.) . American Fund for Alternatives to Animal Research . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Allen, Margaret (19 August 1981). "Under your skin". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Beauty Without Cruelty". Compassion. The Official Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty (Summer 1968). ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Londoner's Diary. Career change". The Evening Standard (/wiki/The_Evening_Standard) . 4 September 1970. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Neustatter, Angela (2 March 1976). "A world without fur". The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Game for smugglers". Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . 20 November 1979. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Nichol, John (1987). "The People". The Animal Smugglers . Christopher Helm Publishers (/wiki/Christopher_Helm_Publishers) . pp. 144–146. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780747024002 . ^ a b "The History of Beauty Without Cruelty" (http://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/bio.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140809030336/http://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/bio.html) 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Beauty Without Cruelty, accessed 2 December 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Forest, Dylan (1994). "Muriel, The Lady Dowding" (https://newspaper.animalpeopleforum.org/1994/01/01/obituaries-112/) . Animal People (/wiki/Animal_People) . News for people who care about animals . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Piccioni, Joseph (21 December 1993). "Obituary. Muriel Lady Dowding" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lady-dowding-dies-1505856.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Obituary. Muriel Lady Dowding". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . 24 November 1993. ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Charity Commission for England and Wales" (https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/222884/governance) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "About Us. History" (https://www.bwcindia.org/Web/AboutUs/History.html) . Beauty Without Cruelty - India . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "About Us" (https://bwcsa.co.za/about-us/) . Beauty Without Cruelty South Africa . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "About Beauty Without Cruelty" (https://www.bwcshop.com/about/) . Beauty Without Cruelty (UK cosmetics) . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "About Beauty Without Cruelty" (https://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/beauty-without-cruelty-information/about-beauty-without-cruelty.html) . Beauty Without Cruelty (USA cosmetics) . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "OneKind Beauty | OneKind" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150928022302/http://www.onekind.org/live_onekind/onekind_beauty) . Archived from the original (http://www.onekind.org/live_onekind/onekind_beauty/) on 2015-09-28 . Retrieved 2015-11-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Companies that still test on animals (and associated brands)" (http://www.thevegetariansite.com/ethics_test.htm) . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Chandaraju, Aruna (2011-04-30). "Beauty without cruelty" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/beauty-without-cruelty/article1980782.ece) . The Hindu . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 2019-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) McSally, Martha (2015-06-26). "H.R.2858 - 114th Congress (2015–2016): Humane Cosmetics Act" (https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2858) . www.congress.gov . Retrieved 2019-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Ending Cosmetics Animal Testing" (https://www.humanesociety.org/all-our-fights/ending-cosmetics-animal-testing) . The Humane Society of the United States . Retrieved 2019-06-26 . BWC Publications [ edit ] Compassion (BWC UK Headquarters). Quarterly Journal. 1962 - 2000 Compassionate Friend (BWC India). English quarterly journal. 1977 to date. [1] (#cite_note-50) Karuna-Mitre (BWC India). Hindi quarterly journal. 2011 to date. [2] (#cite_note-51) Compassion (BWC South Africa) More than Skin Deep (BWC UK). 1st edition 1966. 2nd edition 1975. A Guide for Kind Cooks (BWC UK). Vegetarian cook book. 1965 BWC Films [ edit ] What Price Beauty? (BWC UK) 1977 [3] (#cite_note-52) Beauty Without Cruelty (BWC India) 1985 [4] (#cite_note-53) External links [ edit ] Beauty Without Cruelty - India (https://www.bwcindia.org/Index.html) Beauty Without Cruelty (South Africa) (https://bwcsa.co.za/) Beauty Without Cruelty - UK cosmetics (https://www.bwcv.com/) Beauty Without Cruelty - USA cosmetics (https://www.beautywithoutcruelty.com/) v t e Animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) Overviews Animal rights movement (/wiki/Animal_rights_movement) Animal rights by country or territory (/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory) Anarchism and animal rights (/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights) Animal rights and punk subculture (/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture) Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies (/wiki/Animal_cruelty_and_the_Holocaust_analogy) Animal rights in Indian religions (/wiki/Animal_rights_in_Indian_religions) Christianity and animal rights (/wiki/Christianity_and_animal_rights) History 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(/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F) (1886) Shelley's Vegetarianism (/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism) (1891) Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses) (1892) Why I Am a Vegetarian (/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian) (1895) Figs or Pigs? (/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F) (1896) Fifty Years of Food Reform (/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform) (1898) Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian) (1903) The Meat Fetish (/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish) (1904) The New Ethics (/wiki/The_New_Ethics) (1907) A Fleshless Diet (/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet) (1910) The Benefits of Vegetarianism (/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism) (1927) Living the Good Life (/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life) (1954) Ten Talents (/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)) (1968) Diet for a Small Planet (/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet) (1971) The Vegetarian Epicure (/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure) (1972) Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant) (1973) The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook) (1975) Laurel's Kitchen (/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen) (1976) Moosewood Cookbook (/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook) (1977) Fit for Life (/wiki/Fit_for_Life) (1985) Diet for a New America (/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America) (1987) The Sexual Politics of Meat (/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat) (1990) Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone) (1997) The China Study (/wiki/The_China_Study) (2005) Skinny Bitch (/wiki/Skinny_Bitch) (2005) Livestock's Long Shadow (/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow) (2006) The Bloodless Revolution (/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)) (2006) Eating Animals (/wiki/Eating_Animals) (2009) Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows) (2009) The Vegan Studies Project (/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project) (2015) Animal (De)liberation (/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation) (2016) The End of Animal Farming (/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming) (2018) Vegetable Kingdom (/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes) (2020) Making a Stand for Animals (/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals) (2022) Meat Atlas (/wiki/Meat_Atlas) (annual) Films and shows The Animals Film (/wiki/The_Animals_Film) (1981) Diet for a New America (film) (/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)) (1991) A Cow at My Table (/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table) (1998) Meet Your Meat (/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat) (2002) Post Punk Kitchen (/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen) (2003–2005) Peaceable Kingdom (/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)) (2004) Earthlings (/wiki/Earthlings_(film)) (2005) A Sacred Duty (/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty) (2007) Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead) (2010) Planeat (/wiki/Planeat) (2010) Forks Over Knives (/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives) (2011) Vegucated (/wiki/Vegucated) (2011) Live and Let Live (/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)) (2013) Cowspiracy (/wiki/Cowspiracy) (2014) PlantPure Nation (/wiki/PlantPure_Nation) (2015) What the Health (/wiki/What_the_Health) (2017) Carnage (/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)) (2017) Dominion (/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)) (2018) Eating You Alive (/wiki/Eating_You_Alive) (2018) The Game Changers (/wiki/The_Game_Changers) (2018) You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment) (2024) Magazines Naked Food (/wiki/Naked_Food) Satya (/wiki/Satya_(magazine)) Vegetarian Times (/wiki/Vegetarian_Times) VegNews (/wiki/VegNews) The Animals' Agenda (/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda) Academics, activists, authors, physicians Vegan Elisa Aaltola (/wiki/Elisa_Aaltola) Carol J. 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Beauty Without Cruelty - India . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Karuna-Mitre Quarterly Journals" (https://www.bwcindia.org/Web/QuarterlyJournal/QuarterlyJournal2011-2015.html) . Beauty Without Cruelty - India . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Beauty Without Cruelty (UK) (1977). "What Price Beauty?" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U6e-vuLcpA) . YouTube . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Beauty Without Cruelty" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ctj_gxlho00) . Beauty Without Cruelty - India . 1985 . Retrieved 2024-01-28 . 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1920s fad among U.S. male college students W. C. Fields (/wiki/W._C._Fields) in a raccoon coat with a bowler hat (/wiki/Bowler_hat) (likely 1930s). The Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post) , November 16, 1929 "Doin' the Raccoon" (/wiki/File:Doin%27_the_Raccoon,_George_Olsen_%26_His_Music.ogg) Sample of the song which captured the fad at its height, recorded by George Olsen & His Music (/wiki/George_Olsen) in 1928 Problems playing this file? See media help (/wiki/Help:Media) . A raccoon coat is a full-length fur coat (/wiki/Fur_clothing) made of raccoon (/wiki/Raccoon) pelts, which became a fashion fad (/wiki/Fads_and_trends) in the United States (/wiki/United_States) during the 1920s. Such coats were particularly popular with male college students in the middle and later years of the decade. [1] (#cite_note-1) Many automobiles in the 1920s still had open tops or were made of wood and canvas, and had poor heaters or no heaters at all, and the speed of these automobiles was increasing where winter drives without heat became very uncomfortable. [2] (#cite_note-2) Purportedly fur coats became popular due to this, and due to the stories of Davy Crockett (/wiki/Davy_Crockett) and popular artist James Van Der Zee (/wiki/James_Van_Der_Zee) . [3] (#cite_note-3) George Olsen and His Music (/wiki/George_Olsen) released a recording highlighting the fad in 1928, titled "Doin' the Raccoon", with the lyrics: From every college campus comes the cheer: oy-yoy! The season for the raccoon coat is here, my boy! Rough guys, tough guys, men of dignity, Join the raccoon coat fraternity, soon, To do the raccoon! A few months after Olsen's recording hit the air, the November 16, 1929, issue of The Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post) featured an Alan Foster illustration of several college men wearing raccoon coats. [4] (#cite_note-4) The raccoon coat (many times accompanied with a straw boater (/wiki/Straw_boater) , wingtip spectator oxfords (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) , and either a saxophone (/wiki/Saxophone) or a ukulele (/wiki/Ukulele) ) has been referenced numerous times in movies and television, both as a symbol of the Jazz Age (/wiki/Jazz_Age) and as a cliché motif of collegiate enthusiasm. The fad saw a resurgence during the mid-1950s, specifically vintage coats from the 1920s. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] 1920s portal (/wiki/Portal:1920s) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Wilcox, R. Turner (2010). The Mode in Furs: A Historical Survey with 680 Illustrations . Courier Corporation. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-47872-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1919-1929/Raccoon-Coat.html (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1919-1929/Raccoon-Coat.html) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fashion Encyclopedia : Modern World 1919–1929. Entry for Raccoon Coat (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1919-1929/Raccoon-Coat.html) ^ (#cite_ref-4) The Saturday Evening Post - Alan Foster Gallery (http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/artists-gallery/saturday-evening-post-cover-artists/alan-foster-art-gallery) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Raccoon Swoon in New Flurry" (https://books.google.com/books?id=UT8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA83) , LIFE Magazine (/wiki/LIFE_Magazine) , pp. 83–86, September 9, 1957 , retrieved August 16, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Le Zotte, Jennifer (February 8, 2017), "The Invention of Vintage Clothing" (http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/invention-vintage-clothing-180962073) , Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)) , Washington, D.C. , retrieved August 16, 2017 External links [ edit ] Christian Chensvold's (http://www.ivy-style.com/class-of-16-great-grandpas-raccoon-coat.html) Ivy Style : "Class of '16: Great-Grandpa's Raccoon Coat," January 2, 2010. (http://www.ivy-style.com/class-of-16-great-grandpas-raccoon-coat.html) Google Image Search: Raccoon Coat (https://images.google.com/images?client=safari&rls=en&q=raccoon%20coat&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&um=1&sa=N&tab=wi/) "Doin' the Raccoon" George Olsen & His Music at YouTube.com (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9082PDWx20) "Doin' the Raccoon" - Lyrics - George Olsen & His Music (http://www.lyricsondemand.com/g/georgeolsenandhismusiclyrics/dointheraccoonlyrics.html) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raccoon_coat&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k59xf Cached time: 20240720201047 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.349 seconds Real time usage: 0.480 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 728/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67403/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 968/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30083/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4564817/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 368.045 1 -total 33.76% 124.255 6 Template:Navbox 31.77% 116.911 1 Template:Clothing 30.60% 112.628 1 Template:Reflist 23.21% 85.438 1 Template:Cite_book 19.41% 71.435 1 Template:Short_description 11.19% 41.180 2 Template:Pagetype 9.86% 36.303 1 Template:Listen 8.68% 31.932 1 Template:Flatlist 5.17% 19.031 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10078458-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720201047 and revision id 1222671809. 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American fashion designer and business personality Jenna Lyons Lyons in 2020 Born Judith Agar Lyons ( 1968-06-08 ) June 8, 1968 (age 56) Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Education Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) ( BFA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) ) Occupations Fashion designer businesswoman television personality Years active 1990–present Spouse Vincent Mazeau ​ ​ ( m. 2002; div. 2011) ​ Children 1 Jenna Lyons (born June 8, 1968) is an American fashion designer, businesswoman, and television personality. Lyons was the executive creative director and president of retailer J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) from 2010 until April 2017, when she announced her departure from the company. [1] (#cite_note-Business_of_Fashion-1) [2] (#cite_note-Oprah-2) Lyons began working for J.Crew in 1990 and held various positions throughout her twenty-seven years at the company. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2013, Lyons was referred to as the "Woman Who Dresses America". [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) She is the CEO and co-founder of LoveSeen, a false eyelash (/wiki/False_eyelashes) beauty brand. She is also known for starring in the reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series Stylish with Jenna Lyons (/wiki/Stylish_with_Jenna_Lyons) and The Real Housewives of New York City (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_York_City) , which she joined in the show's fourteenth season (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_York_City_season_14) . Early life and education [ edit ] Lyons was born Judith Agar Lyons in Boston (/wiki/Boston) , Massachusetts (/wiki/Massachusetts) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She moved to Palos Verdes (/wiki/Palos_Verdes) , California (/wiki/California) when she was four. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) [7] (#cite_note-Harris-7) Here, she grew up being subjected to heavy bullying, due to her gawkiness and health problems. [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) She suffered from incontinentia pigmenti (/wiki/Incontinentia_pigmenti) , a genetic disorder which scarred her skin, caused her hair to fall out in patches, and caused her teeth to be malformed, which is the reason she wears dentures. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) Much of Lyons' outlooks and interests stem from her childhood experiences. About her childhood, she states that her genetic condition "made me introverted, but it was also the reason I loved fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , because it can change who you are and how you feel, and that can be magical." [7] (#cite_note-Harris-7) Her mother was a piano teacher who encouraged her to get involved creatively, leading to her interest in fashion. [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) She loved to rebel against her school uniform, [2] (#cite_note-Oprah-2) and she learned to sew in seventh grade, which granted her more confidence. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) One of her personal motivations for success stems from witnessing her parents' divorce and having to never rely on a man to get by. [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) After high school Lyons enrolled at Otis College of Art and Design (/wiki/Otis_College_of_Art_and_Design) in Los Angeles, before soon transferring to Parsons (/wiki/Parsons_The_New_School_for_Design) ’ BFA Fashion Design program in New York City. Lyons graduated in 1990, alongside classmate designer Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) . [9] (#cite_note-9) During her senior year at Parsons Lyons interned for fashion designer Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Career [ edit ] J.Crew [ edit ] Lyons landed her first job at J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) when she was 21. [2] (#cite_note-Oprah-2) She began as an assistant designer in men's wear, [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) and her first assignment was redesigning men's rugby shirts for the company. By 2003, she was J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) 's Vice President of Women's Design. [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) When former CEO and chairman Millard Drexler (/wiki/Millard_Drexler) was hired in 2003, he and Lyons began to form a close relationship. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) The two were key players in helping J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) triple its revenue from just short of $690 million in 2003 to just shy of $2 billion in 2011. [7] (#cite_note-Harris-7) In April 2010, Lyons was appointed executive creative director of J.Crew. In July of that same year she was also appointed president of the company. Lyons has said of her holding both of these roles, "no financial decision weighs heavier than a creative decision. They are equal." [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) In this role, Lyons oversaw the over one hundred designers of J.Crew and directed the layouts, designs, and looks for the J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) catalog, or as the company calls it, its Style Guide. [2] (#cite_note-Oprah-2) One of the biggest changes Lyons made at the company was reinventing their Style Guide. Lyons wanted it to have the feel of a fashion magazine, and the amount of editorial content increased drastically. [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) This included a section entitled "Jenna's Picks" that looked at her opinions and revealed more about her everyday life. It also highlighted Lyons' personal clothing style, described by The New York Times as "geek-chic quirkiness, which mixed camouflage and sequins for day, and denim and taffeta for evening, all of it layered with big costume jewelry". [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) Lyons crafted the brand and style of J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) around her trademark style. [7] (#cite_note-Harris-7) She made J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) a tastemaker in the industry, [8] (#cite_note-fast-8) though Lyons herself does not like to refer to herself as a tastemaker. [12] (#cite_note-mag-12) While Lyons' work at J. Crew contributed to her fame, she also faced controversy in 2011 when she was featured painting her then 4-year-old son's toenails hot pink. Some called this act "an attack on masculinity." [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) Others, however, viewed it as a breaking from gender norms. Despite it gaining national attention, such as being featured on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (/wiki/The_Daily_Show) where it was labeled "Toemaggedon", both Lyons and J.Crew initially declined to comment. Lyons later stated that her son was watching her paint her nails and simply requested that she paint his as well. [12] (#cite_note-mag-12) Lyons exited J.Crew in April 2017. Her departure was connected to declining sales and financial problems at the company. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) [13] (#cite_note-Munzenrieder-13) Her overarching role overseeing all aesthetic aspects of the brand (including store design and marketing) was not maintained, with the new chief design officer, Somsack Sikhounmuong, focusing more narrowly on women's, men's and children's clothing. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) [13] (#cite_note-Munzenrieder-13) Television [ edit ] In early 2014, Lyons made her acting debut in the third season of the HBO (/wiki/HBO) series Girls (/wiki/Girls_(TV_series)) , where she played the role of a GQ (/wiki/GQ) editor that series creator Lena Dunham (/wiki/Lena_Dunham) said was inspired by Lyons. [14] (#cite_note-14) Lyons executive produced and starred in Stylish with Jenna Lyons (/wiki/Stylish_with_Jenna_Lyons) , an unscripted reality competition series where contestants competed for a creative assistant job with Lyons, which debuted on HBO Max (/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)) in December 2020. [15] (#cite_note-regular-15) In October 2022, it was announced that Lyons was joining the cast of Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)) 's The Real Housewives of New York City (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_York_City) . [16] (#cite_note-16) The fourteenth season (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_York_City_season_14) of the series, Lyons's first, premiered on July 16, 2023. [17] (#cite_note-premiere-17) Other projects [ edit ] In September 2020, Lyons launched LoveSeen, a false eyelash (/wiki/False_eyelashes) beauty brand. She is co-creator and CEO of the company. [18] (#cite_note-harpers-18) [15] (#cite_note-regular-15) Personal life [ edit ] Lyons was married to artist Vincent Mazeau from 2002 until 2011. [19] (#cite_note-marine-19) Together they have a son, Beckett Lyons Mazeau, who was born on October 3, 2006. Lyons is a lesbian (/wiki/Lesbian) . [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) During the midst of her divorce from Mazeau in 2011, Lyons was outed (/wiki/Outing) by the New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . Lyons later recounted that the publication contacted her while she was at work to tell her that they would be running a story about her being in a relationship with a woman, Courtney Crangi. Lyons expressed that the experience was traumatic for her because she wasn't ready to publicly come out (/wiki/Coming_out) and hadn't even told her friends and family about the relationship at the time. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2012, Lyons publicly acknowledged Crangi as her girlfriend. Lyons and Crangi split up in December 2017. [19] (#cite_note-marine-19) In 2023, Lyons announced that she is currently in a relationship with photographer Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Awards and accolades [ edit ] Lyons won Glamour's (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) 2012 Women of the Year award. [19] (#cite_note-marine-19) [24] (#cite_note-glamour-24) She is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Board of Directors. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) In 2013 Lyons was selected for the Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) list of top 100 most influential people as a Tastemaker, noted for how "she has made fashion relatable... She understands our zeitgeist. Being fashionable doesn’t mean being trendy; it means having a sense of style." [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Business_of_Fashion_1-0) Sherman, Lauren (April 3, 2017). "Jenna Lyons Exits J.Crew" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/jenna-lyons-exits-j-crew) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "A Day in the Life of Jenna Lyons" (http://www.oprah.com/own-oprahshow/spend-a-day-in-the-life-of-jenna-lyons-of-jcrew-video) . The Oprah Winfrey Show . April 21, 2010 . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jenna Lyons - Biography" (https://images.jcrew.com/fsi/investor2/phoenix2/phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenixd727.html?c=135311&p=irol-govBio&ID=188807) . JCrew.com (/wiki/J.Crew) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230710072431/https://images.jcrew.com/fsi/investor2/phoenix2/phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenixd727.html?c=135311&p=irol-govBio&ID=188807) from the original on July 10, 2023 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Colman, David (January 18, 2013). "Jenna Lyons, the Woman Who Dresses America" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/fashion/jenna-lyons-the-woman-who-dresses-america.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&) . The New York Times . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Jenna L Mazeau" (https://radaris.com/~Jenna-Mazeau/1196013871) . Radaris.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230802054348/https://radaris.com/~Jenna-Mazeau/1196013871) from the original on August 2, 2023 . Retrieved August 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Austin, Ellie (January 13, 2021). "How Jenna Lyons Bounced Back" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/celebrity-style/a35187689/jenna-lyons-elle-interview/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221017191132/https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/celebrity-style/a35187689/jenna-lyons-elle-interview/) from the original on October 17, 2022 . Retrieved August 2, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Harris, Sarah (April 28, 2012). "The creative force behind J Crew" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2012/apr/29/j-crew-fashion-jenna-lyons) . The Guardian . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sacks, Danielle (April 15, 2013). "How Jenna Lyons Transformed J.Crew Into A Cult Brand" (https://www.fastcompany.com/3007843/how-jenna-lyons-transformed-jcrew-cult-brand) . Fast Company . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Jenna Lyons / Parsons Profiles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170216004946/https://www.newschool.edu/parsons/profiles/?id=17179872868) . The New School / Parsons . February 16, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Battan, Carrie (December 27, 2020). "Jenna Lyons's J. Crew Afterlife" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/jenna-lyons-jcrew-afterlife) . The New Yorker . ^ Jump up to: a b c Friedman, Vanessa; Paton, Elizabeth (April 4, 2017). "The Jenna Lyons Era at J. Crew Comes to an End" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/fashion/j-crew-jenna-lyons.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved April 15, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Young, Molly (August 14, 2011). "The J in J.Crew" (http://nymag.com/fashion/11/fall/jenna-lyons/) . New York Magazine . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Munzenrieder, Kyle (April 3, 2017). "Jenna Lyons to Exit J. Crew" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jenna-lyons-exit-j-crew) . W Magazine . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Murray, Darla (February 9, 2014). "Q&A: Jenna Lyons on Her Girls Cameo, Befriending Lena Dunham, and More" (https://www.thecut.com/2014/02/qa-jenna-lyons-on-her-girls-cameo-fedoras.html) . TheCut.com (/wiki/New_York_Magazine#The_Cut) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190410065039/https://www.thecut.com/2014/02/qa-jenna-lyons-on-her-girls-cameo-fedoras.html) from the original on April 10, 2019 . Retrieved July 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ellis, Rosie (November 24, 2022). "Interview with LoveSeen Co-founder Jenna Lyons" (https://theregular.com/blog/interview-jenna-lyons) . TheRegular.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230710080730/https://theregular.com/blog/interview-jenna-lyons) from the original on July 10, 2023 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Tinoco, Armando (October 16, 2022). " (https://deadline.com/2022/10/rhony-season-14-reboot-cast-confirmed-7-new-housewives-jenna-lyons-bravocon-1235146455/) 'RHONY' Season 14 Reboot Cast Confirmed With 7 New Housewives Including Jenna Lyons – BravoCon" (https://deadline.com/2022/10/rhony-season-14-reboot-cast-confirmed-7-new-housewives-jenna-lyons-bravocon-1235146455/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221018222906/https://deadline.com/2022/10/rhony-season-14-reboot-cast-confirmed-7-new-housewives-jenna-lyons-bravocon-1235146455/) from the original on October 18, 2022 . Retrieved July 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-premiere_17-0) Tinoco, Armando (May 1, 2023). " (https://deadline.com/2023/05/the-real-housewives-of-new-york-city-reboot-season-14-premiere-date-rhoa-1235351759/) 'The Real Housewives Of New York City' Reboot Gets Season 14 Premiere Date Post 'RHOA' In New Teaser" (https://deadline.com/2023/05/the-real-housewives-of-new-york-city-reboot-season-14-premiere-date-rhoa-1235351759/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230501161719/https://deadline.com/2023/05/the-real-housewives-of-new-york-city-reboot-season-14-premiere-date-rhoa-1235351759/) from the original on May 1, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers_18-0) Matlin, Jessica (September 22, 2022). "Jenna Lyons Just Launched False Lash Brand Loveseen" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/makeup/a34115234/jenna-lyons-loveseen-eyelashes/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200923181255/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/makeup/a34115234/jenna-lyons-loveseen-eyelashes/) from the original on September 23, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Marine, Brooke (December 2, 2017). "Jenna Lyons and Courtney Crangi Have Broken Up" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jenna-lyons-courtney-crangi-broke-up) . W Magazine . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Spruch-Feiner, Sara (June 7, 2021). "Jenna Lyons on brands' LGBTQ+ responsibility" (https://www.glossy.co/beauty/jenna-lyons-on-brands-lgbtq-responsibility/) . Glossy.co (/wiki/Digiday) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210607101731/https://www.glossy.co/beauty/jenna-lyons-on-brands-lgbtq-responsibility/) from the original on June 7, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Velasco, Matthew (May 8, 2023). "Jenna Lyons Put a New York Spin on Kentucky Derby Fashion" (https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/jenna-lyons-kentucky-derby-housewife) . W Magazine (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230510104927/https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/jenna-lyons-kentucky-derby-housewife) from the original on May 10, 2023 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Heaney, Katie (March 2, 2021). "Jenna Lyons on Coming Out (and Being Outed) After 40" (https://www.thecut.com/2021/03/jenna-lyons-on-coming-out-after-40.html) . TheCut.com (/wiki/New_York_Magazine#The_Cut) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210302131553/https://www.thecut.com/2021/03/jenna-lyons-on-coming-out-after-40.html) from the original on March 2, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Testa, Jessica (June 25, 2023). "Jenna Lyons, Unlikely Housewife" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/25/style/rhony-jenna-lyons.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625103146/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/25/style/rhony-jenna-lyons.html) from the original on June 25, 2023 . Retrieved August 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-glamour_24-0) Wicks, Amy (October 31, 2012). "Jenna Lyons: The Fashion Original" (https://www.glamour.com/story/jenna-lyons) . Glamour . Retrieved December 31, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Gurung, Prabal (April 18, 2013). "Jenna Lyons: The World's 100 Most Influential People" (https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/jenna-lyons/) . Time . External links [ edit ] Jenna Lyons (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4406654/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Jenna Lyons (https://www.instagram.com/jennalyonsnyc/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐gg9gh Cached time: 20240719210936 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.452 seconds Real time usage: 0.610 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3501/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 54133/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4328/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 102326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.252/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8601827/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 564.698 1 -total 40.65% 229.526 1 Template:Infobox_person 34.76% 196.269 1 Template:Reflist 29.20% 164.890 24 Template:Cite_web 20.81% 117.495 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 11.66% 65.861 1 Template:Short_description 9.92% 56.024 1 Template:Marriage 6.61% 37.323 2 Template:Pagetype 6.56% 37.061 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.86% 33.102 20 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44539785-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719210936 and revision id 1232190656. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hasidic clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hasidic_clothing) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Hasidic Judaism (/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐5mchn Cached time: 20240720185153 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.077 seconds Real time usage: 0.115 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2903/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 329/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.043/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1065367/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.532 1 -total 79.06% 83.432 1 Template:Commons_category 76.90% 81.156 1 Template:Sister_project 75.13% 79.291 1 Template:Side_box 20.81% 21.961 1 Template:Catmain 6.22% 6.565 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24142852-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720185153 and revision id 878568119. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Hasidic clothing" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) Bendle (/wiki/Bendle) G Gartel (/wiki/Gartel) H Head covering for Jewish women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) K Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) R Rekel (/wiki/Rekel) S Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Swimming dress (/wiki/Swimming_dress) W Wig (/wiki/Wig) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hasidic_clothing&oldid=878568119 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hasidic_clothing&oldid=878568119) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hasidic Judaism (/wiki/Category:Hasidic_Judaism) Jewish religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Jewish_religious_clothing) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
British actress and costume designer Rosemary Vercoe Born Rosemary Joyce Vercoe 29 April 1917 Hanger Hill (/wiki/Hanger_Lane) , Ealing (/wiki/Ealing) , London, England Died 28 July 2013 Islington (/wiki/Islington) , London, England Nationality British Education Chelmsford County High School for Girls (/wiki/Chelmsford_County_High_School_for_Girls) Alma mater Chelsea School of Art (/wiki/Chelsea_School_of_Art) Occupation costume designer Known for long-term collaborator of Jonathan Miller (/wiki/Jonathan_Miller) on opera and theatre productions Spouse Patrick Robertson (/wiki/Patrick_Robertson_(set_designer)) Rosemary Joyce Vercoe (29 April 1917 – 28 July 2013) was a British actress and costume designer, perhaps best known for being a long-term collaborator with Jonathan Miller (/wiki/Jonathan_Miller) on his opera and theatre productions. Early life [ edit ] She was born on 29 April 1917 at Old Court nursing home, Hanger Hill (/wiki/Hanger_Hill) , Ealing (/wiki/Ealing) , London, [1] (#cite_note-1) the second of five children of Richard Herbert Vercoe (1884–1930), of Southall (/wiki/Southall) , Middlesex (/wiki/Middlesex) , [2] (#cite_note-2) a doctor, and his wife, (Elizabeth) Selina Vercoe, née Skinner (1881–1960). [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) Vercoe was educated at Chelmsford County High School for Girls (/wiki/Chelmsford_County_High_School_for_Girls) , followed by Chelsea School of Art (/wiki/Chelsea_School_of_Art) , where her teachers included Graham Sutherland (/wiki/Graham_Sutherland) and Henry Moore (/wiki/Henry_Moore) . [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) Career [ edit ] She first worked for the London District Theatre Unit as an actress and costume designer, before joining the Players' Theatre (/wiki/Players%27_Theatre) costume department during the Second World War. [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) After the war, Vercoe worked in Stratford-upon-Avon's Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre) , where she was the costume designer for The Taming of the Shrew (/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew) , and toured with the company in Australia in 1949–50 as a costume designer, and as an actress understudy. [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) After this, she essentially became a costume designer full-time, and stopped acting. [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) In May 1973, Vercoe designed the costumes for the British Première of Gottfried von Einem’s opera THE TRIAL, based on the Kafka novel, directed by Fuad Kavur, at Bloomsbury Theatre London, attended by the composer. Vercoe was a regular collaborator with Jonathan Miller (/wiki/Jonathan_Miller) on his opera and theatre productions. [4] (#cite_note-guardian-4) She was known for her meticulous historical research, and for using ordinary everyday clothes of the period, rather than "costumes". [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) [4] (#cite_note-guardian-4) Miller's 1982 production of Verdi (/wiki/Verdi) 's opera Rigoletto (/wiki/Rigoletto) for English National Opera (/wiki/English_National_Opera) , set in 1950s New York, was set designed by Patrick Robertson and costume designed by Vercoe. [5] (#cite_note-5) It was most recently revived in 2017, using Vercoe's costume design, which reviewers still comment on, "the mafia concept, although prolific in opera stagings these days, is still a perfect fit for Rigoletto". [6] (#cite_note-6) London's Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) includes Vercoe's costumes from the 1979 English National Opera (/wiki/English_National_Opera) production of The Turn of the Screw (/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The V&A also houses her extensive archives. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] She was married to the set designer Patrick Robertson (/wiki/Patrick_Robertson_(set_designer)) , and they were frequent collaborators. [4] (#cite_note-guardian-4) Later life [ edit ] Vercoe died at the Highgate Nursing Home, 12 Hornsey Lane, Islington (/wiki/Islington) , London, on 28 July 2013. [3] (#cite_note-ODNB-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Her Guardian obituary states she was born at "Swiss Cottage, north-west London" ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Lancet, J. Onwhyn, 1915, p. 1060 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pimlott Baker, Anne. "Vercoe, Rosemary Joyce (1917–2013), costume designer" (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/109235) . ODNB . OUP . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Jays, David (14 August 2013). "Rosemary Vercoe obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/aug/14/rosemary-vercoe) . The Guardian . Retrieved 21 November 2017 – via www.theguardian.com. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Verdi's Rigoletto at ENO - MusicalCriticism.com (Opera review)" (http://www.musicalcriticism.com/opera/eno-rigoletto-0909.shtml) . www.musicalcriticism.com . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Miller's Rigoletto makes a flawed return to ENO" (https://bachtrack.com/review-rigoletto-pallesen-mancasola-guerrero-eno-london-february-2017) . bachtrack.com . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Costume design - Vercoe, Rosemary - V&A Search the Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1222715/costume-design-vercoe-rosemary/) . collections.vam.ac.uk . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Patrick Robertson and Rosemary Vercoe theatre design collection - Archives Hub" (https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb71-thm%2F371) . Jisc . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000034364356) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/73148567) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpYvtYJj6RwwGFByMk7HC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97124036) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5tn77 Cached time: 20240715062054 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.390 seconds Real time usage: 0.598 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1928/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19324/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1524/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30071/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.251/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5753500/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 571.994 1 -total 29.37% 167.980 1 Template:Short_description 24.55% 140.449 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.99% 125.797 1 Template:Reflist 21.95% 125.535 17 Template:Main_other 18.85% 107.833 6 Template:Cite_web 18.20% 104.128 1 Template:SDcat 17.77% 101.633 1 Template:Authority_control 8.04% 46.014 2 Template:Pagetype 4.81% 27.534 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55853513-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715062054 and revision id 1213938325. 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Long Chinese robes Paofu Men and women dressed in jiaolingpao (cross-collar robe), Han Tomb Mural, Luoyang Zhao Mengfu wearing a yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) ( round collar robe (/wiki/Round_collar_robe) ), dated 1296. Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 袍服 Literal meaning Gown or robe Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Páofú Pao Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 袍 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Páo Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) pou4 Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 포 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 袍 Transcriptions Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Po (/wiki/Po_(clothing)) English name English Robe/ Chinese robe Paofu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袍服 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : páofú ; lit. 'robe'), also known as pao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袍 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : páo ; lit. 'robe') [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) : 90 for short, is a form of a long, one-piece robe (/wiki/Robe) in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , which is characterized by the natural integration of the upper and lower part of the robe which is cut from a single fabric. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) The term is often used to refer to the jiaolingpao (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) and the yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) . [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) : 90 The jiaolingpao was worn since the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) and became prominent in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 The jiaolingpao was a unisex (/wiki/Unisex) , one-piece robe; [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) : 234 while it was worn mainly by men, women could also wear it. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 12 It initially looked similar to the ancient shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) ; however, these two robes are structurally different from each other. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 10–13 With time, the ancient shenyi disappeared while the paofu evolved gaining different features in each succeeding dynasties; the paofu continues to be worn even in present day. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 The term paofu refers to the "long robe" worn by ancient Chinese, [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 15 [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) : 217 [7] (#cite_note-7) and can include several form of Chinese robes of various origins and cuts, including Changshan (/wiki/Changshan) , Qipao (/wiki/Cheongsam) , Shenyi , Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) , Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) , Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) . Terminology [ edit ] See also: Ru (upper garment) (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) The term paofu ( 袍服 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E6%9C%8D) ) is composed of the Chinese characters pao 《 袍 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%8D) 》, which literally means "robe", and fu 《 服 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%8D) 》which literally means "clothing". The character pao 《袍》is the same character which is used as an abbreviated synonym of paofu . The Chinese character《袍》can be found in ancient texts dating prior to the Qin and Han dynasties, such as in the Lun Yu (/wiki/Analects) 《 論語 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E) 》. [8] (#cite_note-8) According to the Guangyun (/wiki/Guangyun) , the character《袍》can also refer to the changru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 长襦 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 長襦 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : chángrú ; lit. 'long jacket'). [9] (#cite_note-9) The term changru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) which appear in the ancient texts has been described as the precursor of the chang ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) by scholars. [10] (#cite_note-:20-10) : 48–50 Naming based on design [ edit ] There are different types of paofu , which can be referred by different names and terms based on its style, cut, length, and specific features. The term changpao is a generic term which refers to robes which are long in length and can include different forms of long robes, such as the ancient shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) , the yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 There are also specific terms which is used to described pao with or without lining or padding: for example, jiapao and mianpao , [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 12 yunpao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 縕袍 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B8%95%E8%A2%8D) ; lit. 'hemp robe') which is robe quilted with hemp. [11] (#cite_note-11) There are specific types of paofu , which can be named based on their specific cut, construction, accessories, and wearing styles, are the: Baoyi bodai – a simple, loose-fitting robes with long, open sleeves, a style worn by men which provided a carefree look to its wearer. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Guipao (/wiki/Swallow-tailed_Hems_and_Flying_Ribbons_clothing) [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 Jiaolingpao – long robe with a cross-collar closing which closes to the right; worn since the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) vs Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) vs Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Longpao ( 龙袍 ) – dragon robe (/wiki/Dragon_robe) . Xi ( 襲 ) – an ancient term used to refer to the paofu which closed on the left side in a style called zuoren ( 左衽袍 ) as defined by the Shuowen jiezi (/wiki/Shuowen_jiezi) . [12] (#cite_note-12) It was typically worn by a deceased person. [13] (#cite_note-13) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) vs Zhishen (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Construction and design [ edit ] Main article: Garment collars in Hanfu (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) A daopao (/wiki/Daopao) , a form of paofu with a youren closure, Ming dynasty The paofu and the shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) are both one-piece robes as an result. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 However, the difference between those two is the cut and construction of the garment. The shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) is composed of two parts: an upper garment called yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) and a lower garment called chang (/wiki/Qun) , which are then sewn together into a one-piece robe; [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 10 and therefore, there is the presence of a middle seam where the two parts were connected together. The paofu , on the other hand, has its upper and lower part made out of a single fabric leading to the absence of middle seam between the upper and lower part. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) Typically the paofu closes on the right side in a style called youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Youren/_right_lapel) and was a very important symbol of cultural identity for the Han Chinese. [14] (#cite_note-:72-14) The paofu could also be found closing on the left style called zuoren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Zuoren/_left_lapel) . The paofu with a zuoren closure was generally associated with the dress of ethnic minorities and the Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) ; [14] (#cite_note-:72-14) however, they could also be the funeral dress of the Han Chinese. [14] (#cite_note-:72-14) It was also a possible for some living Han Chinese to adopt paofu with a zuoren closure in geographical areas which were ruled by foreign nationalities. [15] (#cite_note-:12-15) History [ edit ] Zhou dynasty [ edit ] Eastern Zhou silk painting featuring a man wearing (/wiki/Silk_painting_depicting_a_man_riding_a_dragon) shenyi and a (/wiki/Silk_painting_depicting_a_man_riding_a_dragon) guan with a dragon. (/wiki/Silk_painting_depicting_a_man_riding_a_dragon) In the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) , paofu was one of the basic clothing worn by the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) people, along with the Chinese trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , called ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The style of paofu which was widely worn in this period is the jiaolingpao , which was a long robe with an overlapping front closing on the right side, a style called jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The jiaolingpao was made with 2-length of fabric which started from the back hem and continued down to the front hem without discontinuity over the shoulders; they were then sewed at the central region of the back and under the arms which often allowed for side vents on the lower side seams to be formed. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) To form the sleeves, 2 additional pieces of fabrics were sewed together at the shoulder regions of the garment. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) It was left open in the front, and it could be closed at the waist with a tie or with a belt. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Other pieces of fabric could be added to make the width at the sides bigger or to create the overlapping front of the robe. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Han dynasty [ edit ] See also: Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Woman wearing a floor-length jiaolingpao revealing her undergarments, Han dynasty. A male servant wearing a mid-calf length jiaolingpao , Han dynasty. Reconstruction of Han Dynasty shenyi. The jiaolingpao became a prominent form of attire in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) ; it was mainly worn by men, although it was sometimes worn by women. Even with the rising popularity of jiaolingpao , women continued to wear shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 12 In the Han dynasty, jiaolingpao was typically worn by the members of royalty and by the aristocrats as an outerwear. [16] (#cite_note-:6-16) It was also the uniform of government officials. [16] (#cite_note-:6-16) Around the 206 BC, the jiaolingpao worn by elders had large sweeping sleeves which would be tied tightly to the wrist. [17] (#cite_note-17) : 529 The jiaolingpao could be found in different length; the jiaolingpao , which could reach down to the ankles, were usually worn by scholars or elderlies whereas knee-length jiaolingpao were worn by warriors and heavy labourers. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) : 217 Elderlies started to wear the ankle-length jiaolingpao after 206 BC. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) : 217 The jiaolingpao in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) had linings; and it could be called jiapao or mianpao based on whether it was padded. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 12 [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) : 234 It was padded or quilted for warmth. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) : 217 The sleeves were typically very wide and would become cinched at the wrists. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 12–13 The collar was jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) , and it was cut lower than the shenyi , and it was also low enough to expose the undergarments of its wearer. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) : 234 It was also typically decorated with an embroidered dark-coloured band at the collar, front hem, and at the wrists. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties [ edit ] Main articles: Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) , and Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing (/wiki/Swallow-tailed_Hems_and_Flying_Ribbons_clothing) By the Wei (/wiki/Caowei) , Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) and Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) , the jiaolingpao of the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) evolved into the baoyi bodai ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 褒衣博带 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褒衣博帶 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : bāoyībódài ; lit. 'loose clothing long belt') and into the more complex and elaborate women's paofu , guipao (/wiki/Swallow-tailed_Hems_and_Flying_Ribbons_clothing) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 Baoyi bodai [ edit ] Baoyi bodai -style paofu from the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a tomb of the capital region of the Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) (5th-6th. c.). The baoyi bodai was a type of loose paofu with long ribbons for men. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 The baoyi bodai gave its wearer a casual and simple appearance. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 Loose type of clothing was often worn during leisure times as found in the depictions of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo groove (/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_the_Bamboo_Grove) where men had their upper clothing open, allowed their inner garment to be exposed, a knotted belt or sash which would tied to the upper garment at the chest level, and their skirts and lower garment would be held by a belt made of clothing which would be knotted at the front of the lower garment. [18] (#cite_note-:4-18) : 315 Men wearing loose jiaolingpao depicted in the Nymph of the Luo River by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) Loose jiaolingpao with large sleeves, by Gu Kaizhi. [19] (#cite_note-:8-19) : 58 The baoyi bodai -style appears to have been a Northern Chinese style instead of a Southern Chinese style. [18] (#cite_note-:4-18) : 315 The baoyi bodai -style eventually became fashionable in the South. [20] (#cite_note-:5-20) Loose jiaolingpao with flowing, loose sleeves was a popular style among men from diverse social strata in the Eastern Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) and in the Southern dynasties period (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) ; a bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) was sometimes attached to the waist of the paofu . [19] (#cite_note-:8-19) : 56 The baoyi bodai style also appeared on the images of Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) which dates from the late 5th century AD. [18] (#cite_note-:4-18) : 315 The baoyi bodai style appears to have been a direct consequence of Emperor Xiaowen (/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei) 's Sinicization (/wiki/Sinicization) reforms in 486 AD. [20] (#cite_note-:5-20) The popularity of the baoyi bodai style was very high, and it eventually replaced the Indian-style clothing (i.e. sanghati (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)) ) which used to be depicted on the Buddha. [21] (#cite_note-21) : 435 [20] (#cite_note-:5-20) Sui and Tang dynasties [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paofu&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) A woman wearing a jiaolingpao , Tang dynasty In the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) , the jiaolingpao evolved into a paofu with a round collar, [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 14 referred as yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) or panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) . However, Tang dynasty women also continued to wear long and loose jiaolingpao which was tied and knotted with a large sash at the hipline. [22] (#cite_note-:9-22) : 4 Song dynasty [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paofu&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) Yuan dynasty [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paofu&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) Ming dynasty [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paofu&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) In Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the jiaolingpao continued to be worn by commoner men; it was worn with an undershirt, loose trousers ( ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) ), and a sash around the waist. [22] (#cite_note-:9-22) : 28 Other specific forms of paofu also coexisted such as: daopao (/wiki/Daopao) , yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) , zhishen (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) , and panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) , etc. [23] (#cite_note-23) Qing dynasty [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paofu&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) Main article: Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) Derivatives and influences [ edit ] Japan [ edit ] The kimono (/wiki/Kimono) was based on a type of Chinese pao which was popular in the 8th century AD Japanese court. [24] (#cite_note-24) Korea [ edit ] Chinese-style po (/wiki/Po_(clothing)) ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 포 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 袍 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : po ; MR (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) : p'o ) influenced by the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) coexisted together with the native Korean po during the Three Kingdom period (/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea) . [16] (#cite_note-:6-16) The po influenced by the Han dynasty either had a straight collar crossing at the front, which is referred as jingnyeong gyoim ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 직령교임 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 直領交衽 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : Jiknyeonggyoim ), or had a straight collar which does not overlap at the front, which is referred as jingnyeong daeim ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 직령대임 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : jingnyeongdaeim ); the sleeves of the Chinese-style po (/wiki/Po_(clothing)) were also long enough to cover the back of the hands; the robe could reach the ankle-level or longer, and could even trail on the ground. [16] (#cite_note-:6-16) During the Goguryeo (/wiki/Goguryeo) period, a form of paofu , which was the precursor of the durumagi (/wiki/Durumagi) , was adopted and worn by the upper class of Goguryeo in various forms for ceremonies and rituals. [25] (#cite_note-:03-25) The dallyeong (/wiki/Round_collar_robe) ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 단령 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 團領 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : danryeong ; Korean pronunciation: [dallyeong] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean) ) originated from the Chinese's yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) ; it was introduced from the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) was introduced during the Silla period (/wiki/Silla) . [16] (#cite_note-:6-16) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing (/wiki/Swallow-tailed_Hems_and_Flying_Ribbons_clothing) Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) – Chinese upper garment References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Bonds, Alexandra B. (2008). Beijing opera costumes : the visual communication of character and culture . Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 52–54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4356-6584-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 256864936 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256864936) . ^ Jump up to: a b Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou . Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68417-050-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 956711877 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956711877) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b "Hanfu History | The Development of Chinese Robe System - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/2235.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-11-04 . Retrieved 2022-06-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Hua, Mei; 华梅 (2004). Chinese clothing . 于红. Beijing: China International Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 7-5085-0612-X . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 61214922 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61214922) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Heather, Langford (2009). The textiles of the Han Dynasty & their relationship with society (Thesis). Australia: The University of Adelaide. hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2440/64723 (https://hdl.handle.net/2440%2F64723) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 749107460 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/749107460) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015). World Clothing and Fashion An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence . Taylor & Francis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317451679 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Zhou, Fang (2019). "On the Differences between the "Paofu" and "Ruqun" Types of Men's Costumes in the Cave Murals of Dunhuang--《Dunhuang Research》" (https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DHYJ201905016.htm) . en.cnki.com.cn . Retrieved 2021-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Analects : 《子罕 - Zi Han》" (https://ctext.org/analects/zi-han) . ctext.org . Retrieved 2022-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "廣韻 : 下平聲 : 豪 : 袍 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/text.pl?node=295087&if=en) . ctext.org . Retrieved 2022-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-:20_10-0) Finnane, Antonia (2008). Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-14350-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 84903948 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84903948) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Zhuangzi : Miscellaneous Chapters :《讓王 - Kings who have wished to resign the Throne》" (https://ctext.org/zhuangzi/kings-who-have-wished-to-resign) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)) . Retrieved 2022-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Shuo Wen Jie Zi : 卷九 : 衣部 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi/yi-bu3) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)) . Retrieved 2022-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ministry of Education (2021). "Dictionary review [襲 : ㄒㄧˊ] Ministry of Education 《Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary》" (https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=6841&la=1&powerMode=0) . dict.revised.moe.edu.tw . Retrieved 2022-06-28 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Ma, Xiaofang (2018). "Study on the Aesthetics of Han Chinese Clothing Culture in the TV Play q Nirvana in Fireq". Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018) . Atlantis Press. pp. 639–643. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.143 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Ficcessh-18.2018.143) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-528-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-:12_15-0) The Museum of Far East Antique Bulletin 70 . Östasiatiska museet. 1998. p. 208. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Po(袍)" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7237) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015). World Clothing and Fashion : an Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-45167-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 910448387 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910448387) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Dien, Albert E. (2007). Six dynasties civilization . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-07404-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 72868060 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/72868060) . ^ Jump up to: a b 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c Tsiang, Katherine R. (2002). "Changing Patterns of Divinity and Reform in the Late Northern Wei" (https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177267) . The Art Bulletin . 84 (2): 222–245. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3177267 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3177267) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0004-3079 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-3079) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3177267 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3177267) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Early medieval China : a sourcebook . Wendy Swartz, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu, Jessey Jiun-Chyi Choo. New York. 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-53100-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 873986732 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/873986732) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Sun, Ming-ju (2002). Chinese fashions . Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-486-42053-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55693573 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55693573) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Hanfu History | The Development of Chinese Robe System - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/2235.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020 . Retrieved 2021-05-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Sun, Ming-Ju (2007). Japanese kimono paper designs : coloring book . Mineola, N.Y.: Dover. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-46223-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 271671537 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/271671537) . ^ (#cite_ref-:03_25-0) Lee, Samuel Songhoon (2013). Hanbok: Timeless Fashion Tradition . Seoul Selection. pp. 13–14. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781624120565 . Retrieved 2 February 2021 . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐2xwfn Cached time: 20240719161620 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.037 seconds Real time usage: 1.220 seconds Preprocessor visited node 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A Afghan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Afghan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Algerian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Algerian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 C, 421 P) Argentine women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Argentine_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (8 P) Australian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Australian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (55 P) Austrian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Austrian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (10 P) B Bangladeshi women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (4 P) Barbadian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Barbadian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Belgian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Belgian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (13 P) Belizean women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Belizean_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Bolivian women fashion designers 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fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Emirati_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (3 P) Estonian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Estonian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) Ethiopian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (3 P) F Filipino women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Filipino_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) Finnish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Finnish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (8 P) French women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (96 P) G German women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:German_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (25 P) Ghanaian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (12 P) Greek women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Greek_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) Guatemalan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Guatemalan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) H Haitian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Haitian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Hong Kong women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (4 P) Hungarian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Hungarian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) I Icelandic women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Icelandic_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Indian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Indian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (64 P) Indonesian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (9 P) Iranian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iranian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (14 P) Iraqi women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iraqi_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (4 P) Irish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Irish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (14 P) Israeli women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Israeli_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (12 P) Italian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (51 P) J Japanese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Japanese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (24 P) K Kosovan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Kosovan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (3 P) Kuwaiti women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Kuwaiti_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) L Lebanese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (7 P) Lithuanian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Lithuanian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) M Malaysian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Malaysian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (5 P) Mexican women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Mexican_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) N New Zealand women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (27 P) Nicaraguan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Nicaraguan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Nigerian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (26 P) Norwegian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) P Pakistani women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (9 P) Papua New Guinean women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Papua_New_Guinean_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Peruvian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Peruvian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Polish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Polish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (8 P) R Romanian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Romanian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (5 P) Russian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Russian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (17 P) S Senegalese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Senegalese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) Serbian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Serbian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) South African women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:South_African_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (9 P) South Korean women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (7 P) Spanish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Spanish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (16 P) Sri Lankan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (5 P) Swedish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Swedish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (23 P) Swiss women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Swiss_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (7 P) T Taiwanese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) Tanzanian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Tanzanian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) Thai women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Thai_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (3 P) Turkish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Turkish_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (6 P) U Ugandan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (5 P) Ukrainian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (15 P) Uruguayan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Uruguayan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 P) V Venezuelan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) Vietnamese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality&oldid=1232286221 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality&oldid=1232286221) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers) Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Women artists by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_artists_by_nationality)
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Philippine_Fashion_Week) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Philippine_Fashion_Week) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) without imparting real information . Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. ( June 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Philippine Fashion Week Status Active Genre Exhibitions Frequency Biannual Country Philippines The Philippine Fashion Week ( PhFW ) is a biannual (/wiki/Anniversary#Latin-derived_numerical_names) week-long (/wiki/Fashion_week) fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) held in Metro Manila (/wiki/Metro_Manila) , Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . Dates are determined for the month of May, for showcasing holiday collections, and for the month of October showcasing spring and summer collections. It is the longest-running fashion event in the country, and the largest fashion event held in Manila (/wiki/Manila) , known as the "Olympics" of Philippine fashion. [1] (#cite_note-1) The Philippine Fashion Week was founded by Joey A. Espino Jr and Audie Espino in 1997. They continue to lead the project as executive producers along with the Espino brothers' protégé, Conchitina (Tina) Herrera. Filipino designers including Ito Curata (/wiki/Ito_Curata) , Arcylen Moya (/w/index.php?title=Arcylen_Moya&action=edit&redlink=1) , Ezra Santos, Oliver Tolentino, Albert Andrada, Jerome Salaya Ang, Noel Crisostomo, Jeffrey Rogador, Sidney Perez Sio, EsAc, Pat Santos, Arnold Galang, Roland Alzate, Raoul Ramirez, Lyle Ibanez, Cherry Samuya Veric, Philipp Tampus, Junjun Cambe, Mixy Dy, Jian Lasala, Randall Solomon, Kaye Morales, Boyet Dysangco, Anthony Nocom, Eric Delos Santos, Cesar Gaupo, Robin Tomas, Lesley Mobo (/wiki/Lesley_Mobo) , Frederick Peralta, Ben Farrales (/wiki/Ben_Farrales) , Pitoy Moreno (/wiki/Pitoy_Moreno) and Aureo Alonzo have presented full collections on Philippine Fashion Week's multi-media platform. The event is ‘by invitation only’ and participating designers pay a participation fee, with each designer undergoing a stringent selection process with their collections approved on the basis of design ingenuity. Each season, Philippine Fashion Week generates extensive media coverage reaching an average audience of five million viewers, followers and fashion fans throughout the world. [ citation needed ] As of 2008, it has been consistently held at the SMX Convention Center (/wiki/SMX_Convention_Center) and SM Mall of Asia (/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia) , until 2019 when it was held at Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria (/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Manila_Galleria) . Notable celebrities and personalities who been featured on Philippine Fashion Week include Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garc%C3%ADa) , Leighton Meester (/wiki/Leighton_Meester) , Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) , David Gandy (/wiki/David_Gandy) , Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) , Dominique Reighard (/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Reighard&action=edit&redlink=1) , Katie Ford (/wiki/Katie_Ford_(CEO)) , and the Miss Shapes. International Filipino supermodels Charo Ronquillo (/wiki/Charo_Ronquillo) , Charlene Almarvez (/wiki/Charlene_Almarvez) , Danica Magpantay (/w/index.php?title=Danica_Magpantay&action=edit&redlink=1) , Manuela Basilio (/wiki/Manuel_Basilio_Bustamante) and Paolo Roldan (/wiki/Paolo_Roldan) have been reoccurring guests. Designers that have been hosted on Philippine Fashion Week have had their pieces worn by celebrities that include Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Sofía Vergara (/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_Vergara) , Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) , Nicole Scherzinger (/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) , Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) , Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , Paula Patton (/wiki/Paula_Patton) , Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , Dita Von Teese (/wiki/Dita_Von_Teese) , Emmy Rossum (/wiki/Emmy_Rossum) and Mischa Barton (/wiki/Mischa_Barton) . [ citation needed ] Models from America's Next Top Model: All-Stars (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model:_All-Stars) walk down the runway with a Spring-Summer collection at the 2012 Philippine Fashion Week. Sponsorship [ edit ] Philippine Fashion Week is annually presented by Runway Productions, CalCarries, EsAC and Masters School for Models. In previous seasons Philippine Fashion Week was sponsored by MasterCard (/wiki/Mastercard) , L'Oreal Paris (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , Maybelline New York (/wiki/Maybelline) , Power Mac Center, Beats by Dre (/wiki/Beats_Electronics) , Moshi, Gosh, Knomo London, Happy Plugs (/wiki/Happy_Plugs) Stockholm, CaseMate, BDO (/wiki/Banco_de_Oro) , SM Residences, Hamilo Coast, Pico de Loro Club, Ipanema, Sony Vaio (/wiki/Vaio) , Sony Cybershot (/wiki/Cyber-shot) , PLDT (/wiki/PLDT) , Axe (/wiki/Axe_(brand)) , Pond's (/wiki/Pond%27s) , Sunsilk (/wiki/Sunsilk) , Cream Silk (/wiki/Unilever_Philippines) , Magnum Ice Cream (/wiki/Magnum_(ice_cream)) , Nestle (/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9) , Emperador (/wiki/Emperador_brandy) and Cignal TV (/wiki/Cignal_TV) . The government sector, including the Department of Agriculture (/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)) , Fiber Industry Development Authority (/wiki/Philippine_Fiber_Industry_Development_Authority) and Burdang Taal, in collaboration with Filipino designers have participated in Philippine Fashion Week to bring attention to local fabrics and craftsmanship. [ citation needed ] Other special presentations on the runways of Philippine Fashion Week include SM Department Store (/wiki/SM_Retail) 's 50th anniversary celebration, A tribute to Louie Mamengo , A tribute to Joe Salazar , Salvacion Lim Higgins' Slim's at 50 , Project Runway Philippines (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines) ' Season 1 and Season 2 finales, Ford Supermodel of the World Philippines , and Supermodel Philippines . Brands [ edit ] Participating brands in recent years include SM Store (/wiki/SM_Retail) 's SM Woman, SM Men, SM Kids, SM Shoes & Bags, Parisian, Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) , Alexander Wang X (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , The Ramp-Crossings Department Store, Rusty Lopez, Bench (/wiki/Bench_(Philippine_clothing_brand)) , Human, Kashieca, Freego, FG, Wrangler (/wiki/Wrangler_(jeans)) , Giordano (/wiki/Giordano_International) , Vans (/wiki/Vans) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , Levi's (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) , Lee Jeans (/wiki/Lee_(jeans)) , Jag Jeans (/wiki/Silver_Jeans_Co.) , Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) , Folded & Hung, Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Wharton, Jelly Bean, Bayo, Plains & Prints, Petit Monde, Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) 50th Anniversary, Penshoppe (/wiki/Penshoppe) , Oxygen, Regatta (/wiki/Regatta_(clothing)) , Memo, For Me, Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) Fashion, Unica Hija, Sfera, Suite Blanco, Uno de 50, and Mint, showcasing their collection each season. Early 2000s [ edit ] Philippine Fashion Week was previously held at Glorietta (/wiki/Glorietta) Activity Center, with offsite shows, parties and activities at the NBC Tent, The Rockwell Tent (/wiki/Rockwell_Center) , InterContinental Manila (/wiki/InterContinental_Manila) and Shangri-la Makati. Its early years, the event took place for 7–10 days and saw the participation of mostly international fashion brands entering the Philippine market and group-show designers presenting capsule collections. The Philippine Fashion Week has been held at venues that include the SMX Convention Center, SM Mall of Asia Arena (/wiki/Mall_of_Asia_Arena) , SM Mall of Asia and SM Aura (/wiki/SM_Aura_Premier) , with off-site activities at Peninsula Hotel Manila and Raven Boutique Club. In 2019, it was held at the Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria (/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Manila_Galleria) . [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] Runway Fashion (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Philippine Fashion Week | Philippines, Asia" (https://europaregina.eu/fashion-weeks/fashion-weeks-asia/philippine-fashion-week/) . Europa Regina . Retrieved 2024-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Philippine Fashion Week finds a new home" (https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/06/15/weekly/the-lookbook/philippine-fashion-week-finds-a-new-home/569464/) . Manila Times . June 15, 2019 . Retrieved June 10, 2020 . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from Lebanon (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Lebanon) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐hkqz7 Cached time: 20240721020829 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.060 seconds Real time usage: 0.086 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2715/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 455/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946248/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 77.754 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 77.754 1 -total 95.96% 74.612 1 Template:Sister_project 92.92% 72.248 1 Template:Side_box 7.69% 5.978 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5849857-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721020829 and revision id 833785866. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Lebanese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (7 P) Pages in category "Lebanese fashion designers" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Reem Acra (/wiki/Reem_Acra) C Huguette Caland (/wiki/Huguette_Caland) Georges Chakra (/wiki/Georges_Chakra) F Sonia Fares (/wiki/Sonia_Fares) H Nour Hage (/wiki/Nour_Hage) Georges Hobeika (/wiki/Georges_Hobeika) J Nicolas Jebran (/wiki/Nicolas_Jebran) K Rabih Kayrouz (/wiki/Rabih_Kayrouz) M Abed Mahfouz (/wiki/Abed_Mahfouz) Sandra Mansour (/wiki/Sandra_Mansour) Selim Mouzannar (/wiki/Selim_Mouzannar) Zuhair Murad (/wiki/Zuhair_Murad) N Robert Abi Nader (/wiki/Robert_Abi_Nader) S Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) Nemer Saadé (/wiki/Nemer_Saad%C3%A9) Gaby Saliba (/wiki/Gaby_Saliba) Basil Soda (/wiki/Basil_Soda) W Tony Ward (designer) (/wiki/Tony_Ward_(designer)) Z Aheda Zanetti (/wiki/Aheda_Zanetti) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Lebanese_fashion_designers&oldid=833785866 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Lebanese_fashion_designers&oldid=833785866) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Lebanese designers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_designers) Lebanese fashion (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
American fashion designer Bobby Love Born Hong Kong Nationality American Alma mater Chapman University (/wiki/Chapman_University) , University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) Known for Fashion design Style Fantasy couture Website bobbylove (http://BobbyLove.Fashion) .fashion (http://BobbyLove.Fashion) Bobby Love is an American fashion designer known primarily for creating designs in the genre known as fantasy couture. [1] (#cite_note-AV-1) Love has identified Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) , Alphonse Mucha (/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha) , and the Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) master Erté (/wiki/Ert%C3%A9) as major inspirations for his style, and the mechanical parrots which appear in his sets are named "Erté" in his honor. [2] (#cite_note-BB-2) Biography [ edit ] Love was born in Hong Kong and grew up in Singapore before moving to the United States to enroll as a student at Chapman University (/wiki/Chapman_University) , a private university in Orange, California (/wiki/Orange,_California) , at the age of 16. Following this, he earned two master's degrees— one in business administration and another in psychology— from the University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) . His first employment was as a graveyard shift (/wiki/Graveyard_shift) worker at a psychiatric hospital, a job he held for three years. [2] (#cite_note-BB-2) Love began sketching fashion designs at 14, and became involved in the fashion industry of Hollywood, California (/wiki/Hollywood,_California) after moving there at the age of 20. His designs are usually presented as "suites" that are recorded in professional photographs— these are vignettes including head dresses, costumes, and jewelry that derive from a specific fantasy theme supported by set backgrounds, props, flamboyant costumes, and sometimes other models as well as Mr. Love himself. Love has worn these costumes at fantasy-themed events on the American West Coast, including the Edwardian Ball (/w/index.php?title=Edwardian_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1) , Vampire Ball (/w/index.php?title=Vampire_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1) , Labyrinth of Jareth Masquerade Ball (/wiki/Labyrinth_of_Jareth_Masquerade_Ball) , and the Renaissance Pleasure Faire of Southern California (/wiki/Renaissance_Pleasure_Faire_of_Southern_California) , and has changed costumes and props multiple times during some of them. [2] (#cite_note-BB-2) He assembles between 30 and 40 costume suites per year. [1] (#cite_note-AV-1) His works were featured in the 2016 Avant Garde Magazine runway show, the 2016 and 2018 Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) and Metropolitan Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) events held in Los Angeles, California, [2] (#cite_note-BB-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) and he was given a "Certificate of Recognition" by the mayor of the City of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti (/wiki/Eric_Garcetti) , for his contribution to fashion industry at the 2018 event. He has appeared twice on the cover of AVANT GARDE Magazine , with the magazine's November 2018 issue being dedicated to him as a "special designer". [1] (#cite_note-AV-1) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-Boing-6) Love engages as a designer only as a hobby, and derives no income from it. He curates all of his designs in a private collection with the intent of donating it to American art museums to make them accessible to future designers and artists. [6] (#cite_note-Boing-6) [7] (#cite_note-AV2-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Gallery [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Designer Bobby Love: The Prince of Fantasy Couture" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/1532966) . AVANT GARDE Magazine . November 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jason Weisberger (25 January 2016). "The fantastical world of Bobby Love" (https://boingboing.net/2016/01/25/the-fantastical-world-of-bobby.html) . Boing Boing . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jaime Lim (18 November 2018). "Down Deep in the Water - Metropolitan Fashion Week" (https://catnipent.com/2018/11/18/deep-down-in-the-water/) . Catnip Enterprises . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sierra Clair (2 November 2018). "Avant Garde Magazine Celebrates Halloween With Style" (http://www.hollywoodglammagazine.com/2016/11/02/avant-garde-magazine-celebrates-halloween-with-stsle/) . Hollywood Glam Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Michelle Long (November 2018). "Letter from the editor" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/1532966) . AVANT GARDE Magazine . ^ Jump up to: a b Nick Katsouros (November 2018). "Conversation with Bobby Love on Art & Fashion, Runway Shows, the Flying Morgans, and Happy Place Design Studio" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/1532966) . AVANT GARDE Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-AV2_7-0) "Finding your Happy Place with Bobby Love" (http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/1471742) . AVANT GARDE Magazine . June 2018. pp. 16–35. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Chris Nichols (August 17, 2019). "Meet Bobby Love, the Best-Dressed Partier at Every L.A. Costume Ball" (https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/bobby-love-labyrinth-masquerade/) . L.A. Magazine . 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American company This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Red Wing Shoes" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Red+Wing+Shoes%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Red Wing Shoe Company, LLC Red Wing store, Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) Company type Private (/wiki/Privately-held_company) Industry Footwear (/wiki/Shoemaking) Founded 1905 ; 119 years ago ( 1905 ) Founder Charles H. Beckman Headquarters Red Wing, Minnesota (/wiki/Red_Wing,_Minnesota) , U.S. Products Work boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) work shoes (/wiki/Safety_shoes) casual boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) accessories (/wiki/Category:Footwear_accessories) Website redwingshoes.com (http://www.redwingshoes.com) Red Wing Shoes (Red Wing Shoe Company, LLC) is an American footwear company based in Red Wing, Minnesota (/wiki/Red_Wing,_Minnesota) that was founded by Charles H. Beckman in 1905. [1] (#cite_note-1) Products [ edit ] The company produces Oxfords (/wiki/Oxfords) , chukkas (/wiki/Chukka_boot) , hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boots) , and logger styles, as well as work boots (/wiki/Work_boots) . While the core of Red Wing's focus is on work boots, in 2008 Red Wing Shoes added a Heritage catalog and also has experimented with more fashion-oriented shoes. [2] (#cite_note-2) Manufacturing [ edit ] Boots being made at a Red Wing Shoes factory in the U.S. The Red Wing Shoe brand is primarily handmade in the USA (/wiki/Made_in_USA) with American materials at the company's plants in Red Wing, Minnesota (/wiki/Red_Wing,_Minnesota) and Potosi, Missouri (/wiki/Potosi,_Missouri) . They also manufactured shoes in Danville, KY factory, however that factory closed in June 2010 ( https://www.manufacturing.net/operations/news/13069434/red-wing-shoe-closing-kentucky-plant (https://www.manufacturing.net/operations/news/13069434/red-wing-shoe-closing-kentucky-plant) ). [3] (#cite_note-3) As of 2014, there are six sources of manufacture: completely made in the USA, made in the USA with imported materials, assembled in the USA with imported components, made in China, made in Korea, and made in Vietnam. [4] (#cite_note-4) In addition to manufacturing footwear under their own name, Red Wing Shoes also manufactures shoes under the Irish Setter Boots, Vasque, Carhartt (/wiki/Carhartt) (discontinued in 2011), and Worx (/w/index.php?title=Worx&action=edit&redlink=1) brands. These other Red Wing brands include a majority of models manufactured in Vietnam and Cambodia. In order to comply with ASTM (/wiki/ASTM_International) F 2413-11 and M I/75 C/75 standards for impact and compression, Red Wing Shoes manufactures many of their styles with steel, non-metallic, and aluminum safety toes and offers puncture-resistant options that meet the ASTM F 2413-11 standard. [5] (#cite_note-5) Red Wing Shoes also produces footwear that is static-dissipative in order to control the amount of electrical discharge from the body and electrical hazard in order to provide extra protection from accidental contact with electrically energized objects. Safety issues [ edit ] In 2013, Red Wing Shoes recalled over 114,000 pairs of steel toe boots due to defective toe caps that could fail to protect wearers' feet. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] St. James Hotel (Red Wing, Minnesota) (/wiki/St._James_Hotel_(Red_Wing,_Minnesota)) : hotel owned by Red Wing Shoes References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Manning, John (November 3, 1997). "Red Wing shoes is a family affair" (http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/1997/11/03/focus2.html) . Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "At Their Feet, Crafted by Hand" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/fashion/21SHOES.html?pagewanted=all) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , April 20, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Red Wing Safety Shoes - Work Boots - Steel Toed, Waterproof, Slip Resistant" (http://www.redwingsafety.com/content/safetyabout-us) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Red Wing country of origin" (http://www.redwingshoes.com/red-wing-shoe-finder) , Red Wing home page , November 3, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Standards For Footwear Protection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120530004910/http://www.redwingsafety.com/contentwithmenu/safety-footwear-standards-us) . Archived from the original (http://www.redwingsafety.com/contentwithmenu/safety-footwear-standards-us) on May 30, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Red Wing Recalls Steel Toe Work Boots" (http://www.toolsofthetrade.net/work-wear-and-gear/red-wing-recalls-steel-toe-work-boots_o.aspx) , Tools of the trade , January 2, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Red Wing Shoes Recalls Steel Toe Work Boots" (https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2013/red-wing-shoes-recalls-steel-toe-work-boots) . May 19, 2016. Marvy, Patrice Avon and Vrooman, Nicholas Curchin, Heart and Sole: A Story of the Red Wing Shoe Company , 1986 A Pictorial History of Red Wing Shoe Company's First 100 Years , Red Wing Republican Eagle Press, 2005 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Wing Shoes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Red_Wing_Shoes) . 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Traditional Vietnamese headwear This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C4%90inh_T%E1%BB%B1) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Đinh Tự" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%C4%90inh+T%E1%BB%B1%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Mũ Đinh Tự ( chữ Hán (/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n) : 帽丁字 ) also known as mũ chữ đinh , mũ Nhục . It is a type of hat with the shape of the letter Đinh (丁) was a type of hat (/wiki/Hat) worn in Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) throughout the Lê dynasty (/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty) and fell out of favor in the 19th century. It used to be widely worn by gentlemen and military officers. Nowadays it can still be seen at local festivals. Images [ edit ] Đinh Tự hat at Cầu Hiền, Đình (/wiki/%C4%90%C3%ACnh) Hoành Sơn, Nghệ An Paintings of activities of the Revival Lê dynasty show that men at that time wore Đinh Tự hats This article about the history of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90inh_T%E1%BB%B1&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐r4w7x Cached time: 20240721133348 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.336 seconds Real time usage: 0.451 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 306/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13722/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 419/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10095/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.243/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2125835/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.453 1 -total 34.06% 145.250 1 Template:Unreferenced 32.23% 137.465 1 Template:Clothing-hist-stub 32.12% 136.972 1 Template:Ambox 31.68% 135.092 1 Template:Asbox 25.85% 110.236 1 Template:Short_description 14.92% 63.645 2 Template:Pagetype 6.92% 29.523 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 5.85% 24.963 2 Template:Main_other 5.17% 22.028 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43382267-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721133348 and revision id 1225454295. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Đinh_Tự&oldid=1225454295 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Đinh_Tự&oldid=1225454295) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Vietnam (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Vietnam) Vietnamese headgear (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_headgear) Cultural history stubs (/wiki/Category:Cultural_history_stubs) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles lacking sources from August 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_August_2014) All articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Lisa_Riedt&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Lisa+Riedt&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Lisa+Riedt) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Lisa_Riedt) for suggestions. ( November 2019 ) Lisa Riedt (Ltd.) is a Brazilian beachwear brand specialized in luxury bikinis and one pieces. The brand was founded in 2003 by Elisa Riedtmann da Silva in Miami (/wiki/Miami) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Brand Positioning [ edit ] The brand has a partnership with the yearly Art Book of the Acqualina Hotel, owned by Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) in South Beach, making it the exclusive outfitter to all female models. [2] (#cite_note-2) Lisa Riedt collections are also sold in the Four Seasons Hotels (/w/index.php?title=Four_Seasons_Hotel_Four_Seasons_Hotels_and_Resorts&action=edit&redlink=1) in Miami and New York. [3] (#cite_note-3) In April 2014 Lisa Riedt was listed as an official partner of the Ferretti Group in their monthly magazine. [4] (#cite_note-4) As of 2014 Lisa Riedt is based in Santa Catarina (/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) . See also [ edit ] Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141110163923/http://www.texbrasil.com.br/texbrasil/NoticiaImprDet.aspx?NoticiaDetId=18536&NoticiaId=1513) In Portuguese Lisa Riedt une beleza e conforto em grife 100% brasileira" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141110163923/http://www.texbrasil.com.br/texbrasil/NoticiaImprDet.aspx?NoticiaDetId=18536&NoticiaId=1513) . www.texbrasil.com.br . Tex Brasil. Archived from the original (http://www.texbrasil.com.br/texbrasil/NoticiaImprDet.aspx?NoticiaDetId=18536&NoticiaId=1513) on 10 November 2014 . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Aqualina Photoshoot Behind the Scenes" (https://vimeo.com/45182826) . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hood, John. "Lisa Riedtmann da Silva is Lisa Riedt" (http://www.nbcmiami.com/blogs/niteside/NiteTalk-Elisa-Riedtmann-da-Silva-is-Lisa-Riedt-97107494.html) . www.nbcmiami.com . NBC Miami . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Lisa Riedt Press" (http://www.lisariedt.com/pages/press.html) . lisariedt.com . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.lisariedt.com) This Brazilian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Riedt&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐vl7lm Cached time: 20240713012105 Cache expiry: 1636736 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.245 seconds Real time usage: 0.524 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 370/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15327/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1141/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20770/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.179/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3776440/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 445.358 1 -total 41.61% 185.305 1 Template:Orphan 40.12% 178.684 1 Template:Reflist 37.91% 168.814 1 Template:Draft_other 37.33% 166.264 1 Template:Ambox 35.85% 159.639 4 Template:Cite_web 17.56% 78.183 1 Template:Brazil-company-stub 17.06% 75.967 1 Template:Asbox 0.47% 2.109 1 Template:Monthyear-1 0.40% 1.786 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44357443-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713012105 and revision id 1069195149. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Riedt&oldid=1069195149 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Riedt&oldid=1069195149) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2003 establishments in Brazil (/wiki/Category:2003_establishments_in_Brazil) Brazilian company stubs (/wiki/Category:Brazilian_company_stubs) Hidden categories: Orphaned articles from November 2019 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_November_2019) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
(Redirected from Hrishant Goswami (/w/index.php?title=Hrishant_Goswami&redirect=no) ) Indian beauty pageant This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) for suggestions. ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest##) . 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Find sources: "Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . 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Find sources: "Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gladrags+Manhunt+and+Megamodel+Contest%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest The winners of Gladrags Manhunt and MegaModel 2008 Formation 1994 Founder Maureen Wadia Type Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) Headquarters Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) Location India (/wiki/India) Membership Manhunt International (/wiki/Manhunt_International) Best Model of the World Miss Intercontinental Miss Tourism International (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) Official language Hindi (/wiki/Hindi) , English (/wiki/English_Language) President Maureen Wadia Parent organisation Gladrags India (/wiki/Gladrags_(India)) Website www (http://www.gladrags.in/) .gladrags (http://www.gladrags.in/) .in (http://www.gladrags.in/) The winners of Gladrags Manhunt and MegaModel 2008 The Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest is an annual unisex pageant conducted by the Indian Gladrags (/wiki/Gladrags) magazine. The most appealing male and female models are selected and promoted by the magazine. They first conduct a round of selection from the regions and then post all the elimination rounds for the final contestants. The group undergoes training including physical fitness, grooming, catwalk, diction and speech. Gladrags Manhunt Contest [ edit ] History [ edit ] The first Gladrags Manhunt Contest India was held in 1994. Rajat Bedi (/wiki/Rajat_Bedi) of Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) was the first winner. He represented India at Manhunt International 1994 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1994) held in Greece (/wiki/Greece) and was awarded 4th Runner Up in the finale. International achievements [ edit ] In 2001, Rajeev Singh (/wiki/Rajeev_Singh) of Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) became the first Asian and Indian to win the Manhunt International (/wiki/Manhunt_International) contest. He also won two sub-awards at the contest including Sharmoon Best Dressed Gentleman Award and Best in National Costume. After his victory he established himself in the Indian fashion industry as a successful model. India has produced many runners-up at the pageant, most notably Dino Morea (/wiki/Dino_Morea) , Zulfi Syed (/wiki/Zulfi_Syed) and John Abraham (/wiki/John_Abraham_(actor)) , all of whom have since established themselves in the Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) industry. The contest has also given India some of the finest models ever seen by Indian fashion industry like supermodel Muzamil Ibrahim (/w/index.php?title=Muzamil_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1) , actor (/wiki/Actor) and model Sidharth Shukla (/wiki/Sidharth_Shukla) , model Farhad Shahnawaz (/wiki/Farhad_Shahnawaz) , actor and model Abhimanyu Jain, 4th runner up Manhunt International 2006 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2006) and Arry Dabas, semifinalist in 2012. Other notable winners include Romeo Gates, [1] (#cite_note-1) Ahran Chaudhary and Ravi Awana. In 2005, Sidharth Shukla (/wiki/Sidharth_Shukla) , runner-up of Gladrags Manhunt 2004, represented India at the Best Model Of The World contest held in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) and became the first Indian to win the title. Later Shukla became a famous model in India and star in the Indian film industry (/wiki/Bollywood) . Winners of Gladrags Manhunt India [ edit ] Year Winner State 1994 Kelly Dorji (/wiki/Kelly_Dorji) , Rishabh Loomba, Rajat Bedi (/wiki/Rajat_Bedi) Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) 1995 Dino Morea (/wiki/Dino_Morea) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) 1996-97 Zulfi Syed (/wiki/Zulfi_Syed) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) 1998 Tarun Arora (/wiki/Tarun_Arora) Assam (/wiki/Assam) 1999 John Abraham (/wiki/John_Abraham_(actor)) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 2000 Regi Verghese Hyderabad (/wiki/Hyderabad) 2001 Rajeev Singh (/wiki/Rajeev_Singh) Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) 2002 Nitin Singh Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 2003 Muzamil Ibrahim Jammu and Kashmir (/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)) 2004 Hrishant Goswami (/wiki/Hrishant_Goswami) New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) 2005 Pawan Setpal Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 2006 Abhimanyu Jain Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) 2007 Romeo Gates London (/wiki/London) 2008 Karan Ambardar New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) 2009 Prateek Balhara Haryana 2010 Aaran Chaudhary Uttar Pradesh (/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) 2011-12 Sam Kapoor London (/wiki/London) , UK (/wiki/UK) 2013-14 Ravi Awana Uttar Pradesh (/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) 2016-17 Ansh Duggal New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) Representatives to Manhunt International [ edit ] The winner of the Gladrags Manhunt represents India at Manhunt International, but if for any reason the winner is unable to compete then a runner up is sent to the pageant. Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 1994 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1994) Rajat Bedi (/wiki/Rajat_Bedi) Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) 4th Runner Up 1995 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1995) Dino Morea (/wiki/Dino_Morea) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) 1st Runner Up 1997 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1997) Zulfi Syed (/wiki/Zulfi_Syed) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) 4th Runner Up 1998 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1998) Balbir Meena Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) Unplaced 1999 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1999) John Abraham (/wiki/John_Abraham_(actor)) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 1st Runner Up 2000 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2000) Regi Verghese Hyderabad (/wiki/Hyderabad) Unplaced 2001 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2001) Rajeev Singh (/wiki/Rajeev_Singh) Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) Manhunt International 2001 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2001) Sharmoon Best Dressed Gentleman Best National Costume 2002 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2002) Nitin Singh Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Top 15 2005 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2005) Pawan Setpal Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced Mr. Photogenic - 1st Runner Up 2006 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2006) Aryan Baruah Top 15 Mister Personality - 2nd Runner Up 2007 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2007) Abhimanyu Jain Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) 4th Runner Up 2008 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2008) Romeo Gates London (/wiki/London) Top 15 Mister Internet Popularity 2010 Ahran Chaudhary Uttar Pradesh (/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) Top 16 Mister Internet Popularity 2011 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_2011) Shashvath Seth Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2012 Arry Dabas Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Top 15 Mister Photogenic 2014 Gaurav Kumar New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) Representatives to Best Model of the World [ edit ] The winner of the Gladrags Manhunt represents India at the Best Model of the World contest, but if for any reason the winner is unable to compete then a runner up is sent to the pageant. Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 2000 Shabbir Ali Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Unplaced Best Asian Model 2001 Abhinav Gautam (/w/index.php?title=Abhinav_Gautam&action=edit&redlink=1) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced Best Asian Model 2002 Vijay Balhara Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 4th Runner Up Best Gentleman 2003 Ganesh Venkatraman (/wiki/Ganesh_Venkatraman) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2005 Sidharth Shukla (/wiki/Sidharth_Shukla) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Best Model of the World 2006 Abhimanyu Jain Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) 3rd Runner Up Mister Photo-model 2007 Romeo Gates London (/wiki/London) Unplaced 2009 Prateek Balhara Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced Photographs of some notable winners of Gladrags Manhunt Contest [ edit ] Dino Morea (/wiki/Dino_Morea) , Gladrags Manhunt India 1995 and Manhunt International 1995 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1995) - 1st Runner Up Zulfi Syed (/wiki/Zulfi_Syed) , Gladrags Mahnunt India 1996-97 and Manhunt International 1997 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1997) - 4th Runner Up John Abraham (/wiki/John_Abraham_(actor)) , Gladrags Manhunt India 1999 and Manhunt International 1999 (/wiki/Manhunt_International_1999) - 1st Runner Up Sidharth Shukla (/wiki/Sidharth_Shukla) , Best Model of the World 2005 and Gladrags Best Model 2004 runner-up Gladrags Mega model Contest [ edit ] History [ edit ] The first Mega model contest was held in 1994, and girls all across the country competed for the coveted title. Shweta Menon (/wiki/Shweta_Menon) of Kerala (/wiki/Kerala,_India) was declared the winner. Lara Dutta later established herself as a leading Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) actress. Winners [ edit ] year Winner Age Height State Country 1994 Shweta Menon (/wiki/Shweta_Menon) 1.69 m (5 ft 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Kerala (/wiki/Kerala,_India) India (/wiki/India) 1995 Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) 16 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) India (/wiki/India) 1996 Aditi Gowitrikar (/wiki/Aditi_Gowitrikar) 22 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 1997-98 Tora Khasigar 17 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Assam (/wiki/Assam) India (/wiki/India) 1999 Aanchal Kumar (/w/index.php?title=Aanchal_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1) 19 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) India (/wiki/India) 2000 Candice Pinto (/wiki/Candice_Pinto) 19 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2001 Koena Mitra (/wiki/Koena_Mitra) 16 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2002 Mugdha Godse (/wiki/Mugdha_Godse) 16 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2003 Deepti Gujral 17 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2004 Deepa Chari 19 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2005 Niki D Souza 20 1.74 m (5 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) India (/wiki/India) 2006 Arti Sharma 23 1.74 m (5 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Haryana (/wiki/Haryana) India (/wiki/India) 2007 Mahima Chaudhary 17 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Pune (/wiki/Pune) India (/wiki/India) 2008 Payal Tarafdar 20 1.71 m (5 ft 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Assam (/wiki/Assam) India (/wiki/India) 2009 Ankita Mohapatra 23 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Odisha (/wiki/Odisha) India (/wiki/India) 2010 Arshina Trivedi 21 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) London (/wiki/London) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) 2011-12 Sakshi Chaudhary 19 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) India (/wiki/India) 2013-14 Charlotte Claire 23 1.74 m (5 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) India (/wiki/India) 2015 2016-17 Karuna Singh 20 Chandigarh (/wiki/Chandigarh) India (/wiki/India) Representatives to Miss Intercontinental [ edit ] The winner of Gladrags Mega model represented India at Miss Intercontinental from 1997 to 2003. Earlier Femina Teen Princess held the franchise of Miss Intercontinental pageant in India. From 2011, Indian Princess holds the franchise of Miss Intercontinental in India. Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 1997 Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Miss Intercontinental 1997 1998 Tora Khasigar Assam (/wiki/Assam) Unplaced 1999 Aanchal Kumar (/w/index.php?title=Aanchal_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1) Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) Semi-finalist 2001 Koena Mitra (/wiki/Koena_Mitra) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Top 12 2002 Rakhee Chaudhary Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Semi-finalist 2003 Deepti Gujral Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) 3rd Runner Up Representatives to Miss Tourism International (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) [ edit ] The winner of the Gladrags Mega model contest represented India at Miss Tourism International (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) contest, but if for any reason the winner was unable to compete then a runner up was sent to the pageant. Earlier Femina Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) held the franchise of Miss Tourism International (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) pageant in India. From 2011 Indian Princess holds the franchise of Miss Tourism International (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) in India. Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 2001 Candice Pinto (/wiki/Candice_Pinto) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Miss Tourism International 2001 (/wiki/Miss_Tourism_International) 2002 Tejinder Kaur New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) Unplaced 2003 Deepa Chari Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2004 Parul Chaudhry Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2005 Shriya Singh Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) 2nd Runner Up 2009 Anousha Chauhan New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) Unplaced 2010 Mahima Chaudhary Pune (/wiki/Pune) Top 10 Representatives to Miss Tourism Queen International [ edit ] Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 2004 Zabina Khan (/wiki/Zabina_Abdul_Rashid_Khan) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Miss Tourism Queen International 2004 Miss Disco Queen Miss Charm - 2nd Runner Up 2005 Neha Oberoi Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2006 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Tourism_Queen_International_2006&action=edit&redlink=1) Rupali Suri Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Top 16 Miss Personality - 2nd Runner Up 2007 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Tourism_Queen_International_2007&action=edit&redlink=1) Mahima Chaudhary Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Top 16 Miss Personality Best Evening Gown - 2nd Runner Up 2008 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Tourism_Queen_International_2008&action=edit&redlink=1) Devyani Mandavgane Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 'Disco Queen Representatives to Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International [ edit ] Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 2005 Roopa Howaldar 2004 Amanpreet Kaur Wahi Punjab (/wiki/Punjab,_India) Top 10 Semi-finalists Representatives to Best Model of the World [ edit ] The winner of the Gladrags Mega model contest represented India at Best Model of the World contest, but if for any reason the winner was unable to compete then a runner up was sent to the pageant. Year Representative State Ranking Special awards 2000 Jacqueline D’souza Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Unplaced 2001 Zinobia Boocha New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) Unplaced 2002 Mugdha Godse (/wiki/Mugdha_Godse) Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2003 Deepa Chari Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced 2006 Aarti Sharma Haryana (/wiki/Haryana) Unplaced 2007 Mahima Chaudhary Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) Unplaced Miss Friendship 2008 Payal Tarafdar Assam (/wiki/Assam) Unplaced 2009 Ankita Mohapatra Odisha (/wiki/Odisha) Unplaced References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Romeo Gates, Mahima Chaudhary win Gladrags Megamodel and Manhunt Contest" (http://www.oneindia.com/2007/04/08/mahima-choudhury-romeo-gates-win-gladrags-megamodelmanhunt-contest-1176141140.html) . oneindia.com . Retrieved 24 Jan 2014 . External links [ edit ] Gladrags Megamodel Manhunt (https://web.archive.org/web/20100311194325/http://www.gladrags.in/contests/megamodel_manhunt/) Rupali Suri Gladrags Megamodel (https://web.archive.org/web/20111029231518/http://www.rupalisuri.com/) v t e Beauty pageants in India (/wiki/Template:Beauty_pageants_in_India) Female Femina Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) Miss Diva (/wiki/Miss_Diva) Miss Divine Beauty (/wiki/Miss_Divine_Beauty) Miss Earth India (/wiki/Miss_Earth_India) Miss India International (/wiki/Miss_India_International) Glamanand Supermodel India (/wiki/Glamanand_Supermodel_India) Miss Universe India (/wiki/Miss_Universe_India) Miss Grand India (/wiki/Miss_Grand_India) Miss India Worldwide India (/wiki/Miss_India_Worldwide_India) Gladrags Megamodel Contest Elite Model Look India (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look_India) Persona Mrs. India (/wiki/Persona_Mrs._India) I Am She–Miss Universe India (/wiki/I_Am_She%E2%80%93Miss_Universe_India) Bharat Sundari (/wiki/Bharat_Sundari) Male List of Indian representatives at international male beauty pageants (/wiki/List_of_Indian_representatives_at_international_male_beauty_pageants) Gladrags Manhunt Rubaru Mister India (/wiki/Rubaru_Mister_India) Grasim Mr. India (/wiki/Grasim_Mr._India) LGBTQ+ Mr. Gay India (/wiki/Mr._Gay_India) Miss Transqueen India (/wiki/Miss_Transqueen_India) State Miss Rajasthan (/wiki/Miss_Rajasthan) Miss Nagaland (/wiki/Miss_Nagaland) Miss Mizoram (/wiki/Miss_Mizoram) Miss Manipur (/wiki/Miss_Manipur) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐mdnhm Cached time: 20240712163341 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.562 seconds Real time usage: 0.700 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5565/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 99985/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 19388/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30389/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.323/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6188335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 598.926 1 -total 25.77% 154.319 4 Template:Ambox 16.91% 101.298 1 Template:Multiple_issues 16.67% 99.839 1 Template:Reflist 14.55% 87.163 1 Template:Cite_web 14.42% 86.345 1 Template:Beauty_pageants_in_India 14.06% 84.188 1 Template:Navbox 13.28% 79.509 18 Template:Height 13.19% 78.988 1 Template:Infobox_organization 12.13% 72.671 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2800089-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712163341 and revision id 1212407265. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest&oldid=1212407265 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gladrags_Manhunt_and_Megamodel_Contest&oldid=1212407265) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian awards (/wiki/Category:Indian_awards) Male beauty pageants (/wiki/Category:Male_beauty_pageants) Beauty pageants in India (/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageants_in_India) 1994 establishments in Maharashtra (/wiki/Category:1994_establishments_in_Maharashtra) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Wikipedia articles with style issues from March 2015 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_March_2015) All articles with style issues (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues) Articles needing additional references from March 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2015) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles needing additional references from January 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2017) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues) Use Indian English from August 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_August_2015) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English)
Custom clothing cut and sewn using a standard-sized base pattern For the record sub-label of the same name, see Crammed Discs (/wiki/Crammed_Discs) . Made-to-measure ( MTM ) typically refers to custom clothing that is cut and sewn using a standard-sized base pattern. Suits (/wiki/Suit_(clothing)) and sport coats (/wiki/Sport_coat) are the most common garments made-to-measure. The fit of a made-to-measure garment is expected to be superior to that of a ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) garment because made-to-measure garments are constructed to fit each customer individually based on a few body measurements to customize the pre-existing pattern. Made-to-measure garments always involve some form of standardization (/wiki/Standardization) in the pattern and manufacturing, whereas bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) is entirely made from scratch based on a customer's specifications with far more attention to minute fit details and using multiple fittings during the construction process. All else being equal, a made-to-measure garment will be more expensive than a ready-to-wear garment but cheaper than a bespoke one. "Custom made" most often refers to MTM. Overview [ edit ] The made-to-measure process is simple considering that its purpose is to make an existing garment fit a person better. The very first step is for the tailor to take precise measurements of both the customer and the garment itself. Basic measurements taken include measurements of the chest, waist, seat etc., and most importantly, these measurements are taken as the tailor studies the posture of the person to make sure the garment won't be uncomfortable for the customer to wear. Then, the tailor will proceed to either cut the fabric of the original garment to make it fight tighter/smaller or will select the fabric that closest resembles the original garment's fabric to make it looser/bigger. A base pattern is similarly selected which most closely corresponds with the customer's measurements and is further altered to match the customer's measurements on the original garment. Lastly, the garment is given to the customer to try it on. Although the process is simple, it is however lengthy because tailors measure and remeasure the garment on the person to make sure it fits exactly how it's wanted. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Made-to-measure items typically have a price markup compared to their ready-to-wear counterparts due to the customization and personalized service involved in their production. The primary benefits to the customer of made-to-measure clothing are that the garments will be well-fitted to the customer's body and the customer may have the opportunity to customize the fabric and detailing. However, the primary disadvantage of made-to-measure is that the customer must wait up to several weeks for the garment to be sewn and delivered. Made-to-measure retailers often travel internationally meeting clients in cities, providing samples of the latest materials and styles. Unlike bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) garments, which traditionally involves hand sewing, made-to-measure manufacturers use both machine- and hand-sewing. Made-to-measure also requires fewer fittings than bespoke, resulting in a shorter wait between customer measurement and garment delivery. [2] (#cite_note-2) Made-to-measure is sometimes also referred to as personal tailoring (/wiki/Tailoring) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Advertising Standards Authority ruling [ edit ] In the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , the legal definition of "made-to-measure" has been conflated with bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) by a ruling of the Advertising Standards Authority (/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The ruling is based on the Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) definition of bespoke as "made to order". While this ruling clarified the difference between bespoke and ready-to-wear, it had the effect of blurring the line between bespoke and made-to-measure. The ruling established that a "made-to-measure suit would be cut, usually by machine, from an existing pattern, and adjusted according to the customer's measurements," while "a bespoke suit would be fully hand-made and the pattern cut from scratch, with an intermediary baste stage which involved a first fitting so that adjustments could be made to a half-made suit." The ruling concluded, however, that a "majority of people... would not expect that bespoke suit to be fully hand-made with the pattern cut from scratch," effectively equalizing the terms bespoke and made-to-measure. While etymologist Michael Quinion observed that by definition "it was legitimate for a tailor offering clothes cut and sewn by machine to refer to them as bespoke, provided that they were made to the customer's measurements", [5] (#cite_note-5) since the traditional use of bespoke inside the tailoring community has been more nuanced than the Oxford definition, [6] (#cite_note-Sim-6) others concluded that the ASA "took a rather ignorant decision to declare that there is no difference between bespoke and made-to-measure." [7] (#cite_note-7) Comparison [ edit ] In essence, MTM (made-to-measure) is a step up from pret-a-porter. It's affordable for most people and solves some of the common fit issues that shoppers may have with ready-to-wear garments. The main advantage of MTM is that the clothes will be adapted to the customer's physique and the customer can have the option of choosing fabric, details, sleeve length, pose adjustment, shirt length, jacket length, etc. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The main disadvantage is that customers have to wait up to several weeks for the clothes to be ready and delivered. A typical price increase for a bespoke fashion item is 15% higher than the price of a ready-made garment. [7] Making bespoke MTM garments takes longer than ready-to-wear (RTW), but not as long as making bespoke garments. Unlike Bespoke, which is traditionally sewn by hand, makers or tailors use MTM for both machine and hand sewing. MTM production also requires fewer accessories than bespoke production, resulting in shorter waiting times between customers and delivery. [8] (#cite_note-8) Advantages: Better body fit than RTW Customers choose fabrics and aesthetic details Faster production time than Bespoke Cheaper than Bespoke, slightly more expensive than RTW More precise and dedication Disadvantages: More time than ready-made clothes Does not offer as many quality options as Bespoke Costs more than RTW; quality not necessarily better See also [ edit ] Ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Mass Customization (/wiki/Mass_Customization) Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Made To Measure Vs. Custom What Is The Difference?" (https://www.eriktampa.com/2019/10/made-to-measure-vs-custom-what-is-the-difference/) . eriktampa.com . 26 October 2019 . Retrieved 2023-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Made to Measure vs Bespoke" (https://www.hockerty.com/en-us/blog/made-to-measure-vs-bespoke) . Hockerty Blog . Retrieved 2024-07-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Brooke, Simon (March 31, 2007). "Just how personal can you get" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ae6e1c54-df24-11db-b5c9-000b5df10621.html) . Financial Times . Retrieved 2008-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Sartoriani London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081122150946/http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_44555.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_44555.htm) on 2008-11-22 . Retrieved 2008-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "bespoke" (http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-bes4.htm) . Michael Quinion. September 13, 2008 . Retrieved 2008-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sim_6-0) Sim, Josh (2008-07-12). "The b-word: not cut and dried" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0ea5cbf6-4eed-11dd-ba7c-000077b07658.html) . Financial Times . Retrieved 2008-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Crompton, Simon (2008-07-01). "A loss to (sartorial) language" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081021143340/http://www.mensflair.com/news/a-loss-to-sartorial-language.php) . Men's Flair . Archived from the original (http://www.mensflair.com/news/a-loss-to-sartorial-language.php) on 2008-10-21 . Retrieved 2008-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "3 Types of Shirts: MTM vs OTR vs Bespoke" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/made-to-measure-dress-shirts/) . gentlemansgazette.com . 8 February 2021 . 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Japanese model, actress and entertainer Mayuko Arisue 有末 麻祐子 Born ( 1992-01-25 ) January 25, 1992 (age 32) Ageo (/wiki/Ageo) , Saitama (/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture) , Japan Nationality Japanese Occupations model (/wiki/Model_(person)) actress (/wiki/Actress) entertainer (/wiki/Entertainer) Agents Asaikikaku LesPros Entertainment (business alliance) Height 164 cm (5 ft 5 in) [1] (#cite_note-Asaikikaku-1) Mayuko Arisue ( 有末 麻祐子 , Arisue Mayuko , born January 25, 1992 in Ageo, Saitama (/wiki/Ageo,_Saitama) , Japan) [1] (#cite_note-Asaikikaku-1) is a Japanese model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , actress (/wiki/Actress) and entertainer (/wiki/Entertainer) who is represented by the talent agency, Asai Kikaku (/wiki/Asai_Kikaku) . She also has a business alliance with LesPros Entertainment. Filmography [ edit ] TV series [ edit ] Year Title Role Network Notes Ref. 2008 Tadashii Ouji no Tsukuri Kata (/wiki/Tadashii_Ouji_no_Tsukuri_Kata) Hsuyuzu Sano TV Tokyo (/wiki/TV_Tokyo) [2] (#cite_note-2) Cat Street (/wiki/Cat_Street_(manga)) Sayumi NHK G (/wiki/NHK_General_TV) Episode 5 Love17 Miwa Matsuo NBN (/wiki/Nagoya_Broadcasting_Network) 2009 Koi to Oshare to Otoko no ko BS-TBS (/wiki/BS-TBS) Kētai Keiji Zenigata Inochi Mayuko BS-TBS Episode 5 2010 Keishichō Kidō Sōsa-tai 216 Rie Asai TBS (/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System) Kamen Rider OOO (/wiki/Kamen_Rider_OOO) Erika Satonaka TV Asahi (/wiki/TV_Asahi) 2011 Asuko Māchi: Asuka Kōgyō Kōkō Monogatari Kaori Yamaki TV Asahi Episode 6 2012 Lucky Seven (/wiki/Lucky_Seven_(TV_series)) Yuri CS Fuji (/wiki/Fuji_Television) Sengoku Basara (/wiki/Sengoku_Basara) Kenshin Uesugi MBS (/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System) Films [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2008 Hyaku Wachi Sennagisa Seifuku Sabai Girl Na Kudo 2009 Girls Love Sanae The Setting Sun (/wiki/The_Setting_Sun) 2010 Hai! Moshimoshi, Ōtsuka Yakkyokudesuga Eiko Otsuka Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider OOO & W Featuring Skull: Movie War Core (/wiki/Kamen_Rider_%C3%97_Kamen_Rider_OOO_%26_W_Featuring_Skull:_Movie_War_Core) Erika Satonaka 2011 Koigakubo Gakuen Tantei-bu Series : Hōkago wa Mystery to Tomoni Reika Ogasawara Kamen Rider OOO Wonderful: The Shogun and the 21 Core Medals (/wiki/Kamen_Rider_OOO_Wonderful:_The_Shogun_and_the_21_Core_Medals) Erika Satonaka Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Fourze & OOO: Movie War Mega Max (/wiki/Kamen_Rider_%C3%97_Kamen_Rider_Fourze_%26_OOO:_Movie_War_Mega_Max) Erika Satonaka 2012 Soul of Rock Reika Lead role Yamikin Ushijima-kun Yuka References [ edit ] ^ a b "所属事務所・浅井企画によるプロフイール" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151113073107/http://www.asaikikaku.co.jp/profile/arisue/) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://www.asaikikaku.co.jp/profile/arisue/) on November 13, 2015 . Retrieved November 7, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "☆2008年☆" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090725154352/http://arisuemayuko.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2008/01/2008_7514.html) (in Japanese). Official blog. Archived from the original (http://arisuemayuko.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2008/01/2008_7514.html) on July 25, 2009 . Retrieved November 7, 2015 . External links [ edit ] Asaikikaku profile (https://web.archive.org/web/20151113073107/http://www.asaikikaku.co.jp/profile/arisue/) (in Japanese) LesPros Entertainment profile (http://www.lespros.co.jp/models/mayuko_arisue/) (in Japanese) Official website (http://ameblo.jp/mayuko-arisue/) (in Japanese) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐944cb8c54‐z9829 Cached time: 20240711003509 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.481 seconds Real time usage: 0.768 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1795/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12175/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2267/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12944/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.317/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20859643/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 740.816 1 -total 40.39% 299.227 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.18% 171.694 1 Template:Short_description 16.97% 125.746 1 Template:Nihongo 16.69% 123.667 18 Template:Main_other 14.41% 106.720 1 Template:Reflist 14.20% 105.200 1 Template:SDcat 12.58% 93.194 2 Template:Cite_web 9.68% 71.708 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 9.08% 67.292 1 Template:Count Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48487655-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711003509 and revision id 1204791197. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayuko_Arisue&oldid=1204791197 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayuko_Arisue&oldid=1204791197) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Japanese female models (/wiki/Category:Japanese_female_models) Japanese women television personalities (/wiki/Category:Japanese_women_television_personalities) 1992 births (/wiki/Category:1992_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Ageo, Saitama (/wiki/Category:People_from_Ageo,_Saitama) Hidden categories: CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text) Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐266qv Cached time: 20240626101957 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22735975-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626101957 and revision id 288783796. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. P Pou Chen Group (/wiki/Category:Pou_Chen_Group) ‎ (4 P) Pages in category "Shoe companies of Taiwan" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . P Pou Sheng International (/wiki/Pou_Sheng_International) Y Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings (/wiki/Yue_Yuen_Industrial_Holdings) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shoe_companies_of_Taiwan&oldid=288783796 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shoe_companies_of_Taiwan&oldid=288783796) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies of Taiwan by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Taiwan_by_industry) Shoe companies by country (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_by_country)
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Italian fashion designer (1938–2023) Lorenzo Riva Riva in 2010 Born ( 1938-10-03 ) 3 October 1938 Monza (/wiki/Monza) , Italy (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) Died 16 December 2023 (2023-12-16) (aged 85) Monza, Italy Occupation fashion designer Lorenzo Riva (3 October 1938 – 16 December 2023) was an Italian fashion designer. Biography [ edit ] Born in Monza (/wiki/Monza) , the son of a mannequin, Riva opened his first atelier in his hometown at just 18 years old. [1] (#cite_note-1) He had his breakout in 1972, presenting his first couture collection at Palazzo Pitti (/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti) in Florence (/wiki/Florence) . [2] (#cite_note-bio-2) He served as artistic director for a number of fashion houses, notably Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) . [2] (#cite_note-bio-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) He launched his solo brand in 1991, and sold it in 2012, when he started collaborating as creative director with Duomosei. [5] (#cite_note-Giorno-5) In 2017, he launched the collection "L'Or by Lorenzo Riva". [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-lor-7) During his career Riva dressed many celebrities, including Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) , Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , Ivana Trump (/wiki/Ivana_Trump) , Virna Lisi (/wiki/Virna_Lisi) , Isabella Rossellini (/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini) , and Emmanuelle Seigner (/wiki/Emmanuelle_Seigner) . [2] (#cite_note-bio-2) [7] (#cite_note-lor-7) Lorenzo Riva died in Monza on 16 December 2023, at the age of 85. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Radaelli, Rosella (14 May 2004). "Lorenzo Riva: Fiero di essere monzese". Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) (in Italian). p. 54. ^ a b c Marelli, Paolo (10 February 2015). "Provincia opulenta e infelice. Che bello se imparasse a vestirsi". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). p. 25. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Catalano, Sofia (8 April 2023). "Maison Balenciaga, la raccolta di schizzi di Lorenzo Riva diventa una mostra". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). p. 29. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rocca, Federico (6 May 2023). "Lorenzo Riva: «Quando Balenciaga lo disegnavo io…»" (https://www.vanityfair.it/article/lorenzo-riva-intervista-balenciaga) . Vanity Fair Italia (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_Italia) (in Italian) . Retrieved 8 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Giorno_5-0) "Il marchio Lorenzo Riva finisce in fallimento" (https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/lorenzo-riva-fallimento-1.1004952) . Il Giorno (/wiki/Il_Giorno_(newspaper)) (in Italian). 29 May 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Redazione (23 April 2017). "Lorenzo Riva, a 80 anni lancio 'L'Or' (https://www.lasicilia.it/archivio/lorenzo-riva-a-80-anni-lancio-lor-884119/) " (https://www.lasicilia.it/archivio/lorenzo-riva-a-80-anni-lancio-lor-884119/) . La Sicilia (/wiki/La_Sicilia) (in Italian) . Retrieved 8 June 2023 . ^ a b "Lo stilista Lorenzo Riva ricomincia a 80 anni: vestirà le star con la sua nuova linea "L'Or" (https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/lorenzo-riva-stilista-1.3059897) " (https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/lorenzo-riva-stilista-1.3059897) . Il Giorno (in Italian). 23 April 2017 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Monza, morto lo stilista Lorenzo Riva: creò abiti per Whitney Houston e Ivana Trump" (https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/morto-stilista-lorenzo-riva-d4jlz713) . Il Giorno (/wiki/Il_Giorno_(newspaper)) (in Italian). 16 December 2023 . Retrieved 16 December 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lorenzo Riva . 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French perfumer Mathilde Laurent Alma mater Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire (/wiki/ISIPCA) Occupation Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Employer Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) Mathilde Laurent is a French perfumer. After studying perfumery at ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) in Versailles (/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines) , Laurent began her career as an apprentice to Jean-Paul Guerlain (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Guerlain) . She went on to work at Guerlain for 11 years. Since 2006, she has been the in-house perfumer for Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) , creating perfumes like Baiser Volé. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Born to a family of artists, Laurent grew up in the Montparnasse (/wiki/Montparnasse) neighborhood of Paris, near the railroad tracks. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She earned a degree ( DEUG (/wiki/DEUG) ) in chemistry and physics, [3] (#cite_note-3) then attended the Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire ( ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) ) in Versailles (/wiki/Versailles) , encouraged by a family friend who'd heard about the school on the news and immediately thought of Laurent's habit of "encountering the world nose first, whether to describe a plate of food or the atmosphere of a new house". [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Career [ edit ] Guerlain [ edit ] At a school event, Laurent approached Jean-Paul Guerlain (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Guerlain) , then the head perfumer of the Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) family succession of perfumers, and asked him for an internship. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Guerlain replied, "Why not?" and so Laurent began her career in the early 1990s working alongside Guerlain. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) After her three-month internship, she was offered a permanent position at the house, and ultimately stayed with the company for the next 11 years. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Her perfumes for Guerlain include Herba Fresca, inspired by early mornings walking barefoot in her grandfather's garden. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Cartier [ edit ] Laurent joined Cartier in 2005. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2006, Laurent created Cartier's fragrance Baiser Voler, and launched L'Heure vertueuse in 2012. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In her 2015 Cartier work L'Heure perdue, Laurent used exclusively lab-created molecules, seeking to "shatter the idea that the result had to be hard, abstract, aggressive." Writing in Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) , Claire Dhouailly described the creation as just the opposite of this stereotype of synthetic ingredients, a fragrance that instead felt "soft, caressing, almost maternal." [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2016, she created Cartier L'Envol, [6] (#cite_note-6) the scent used in the 2017 installation "OSNI 1- Le Nuage Parfumé" ("Unidentified Fragrant Object 1- the Perfumed Cloud") at Foire Internationale d’Art Contemporain (/w/index.php?title=Foire_Internationale_d%E2%80%99Art_Contemporain&action=edit&redlink=1) (FIAC). [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Also in 2016, Laurent launched a line of oud fragrances for Cartier called Les Heures voyageuses. [9] (#cite_note-9) The collection has six fragrances, including Oud & Santal, Oud & Musc, Oud & Oud, and Oud Radieux. [10] (#cite_note-10) Other activities [ edit ] With Jean-Claude Ellena (/wiki/Jean-Claude_Ellena) and Sylvaine Delacourte, Laurent is one of 16 perfumery experts who oversee the Grand Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Grand_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) in Paris. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dhouailly, Claire (4 November 2017). "Les maîtres parfumeurs, des stars courtisées par les marques" (http://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2017/11/04/les-maitres-parfumeurs-des-stars-courtisees-par-les-marques_5210063_4497319.html) . Le Monde (in French) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Lorelle, Véronique (10 August 2012). "Rencontre avec Mathilde Laurent, nez chez Cartier" (http://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2012/08/10/rencontre-avec-mathilde-laurent-nez-chez-cartier_1744847_3238.html) . Le Monde (in French) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Peiffer, Valérie (5 February 2017). "Mathilde Laurent, nez de Cartier : "L'intuition est une science exacte" (http://www.lepoint.fr/art-de-vivre/mathilde-laurent-nez-de-cartier-l-intuition-est-une-science-exacte-05-02-2017-2102515_4.php) " (http://www.lepoint.fr/art-de-vivre/mathilde-laurent-nez-de-cartier-l-intuition-est-une-science-exacte-05-02-2017-2102515_4.php) . Le Point (in French) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hanover, Jérôme (1 April 2011). "Mathilde Laurent, un nez en or chez Cartier" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/mathilde-laurent-nez-or-chez-cartier-010411-148141) . Madame Figaro (in French) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dhouailly, Claire (31 December 2016). "Parfums : le synthétique, c'est fantastique" (http://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2016/12/31/parfums-le-synthetique-c-est-fantastique_5055960_4497319.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1950-6244 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1950-6244) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Murdoch-Smith, Lauren (20 October 2017). "What Is Cartier's Le Nuage Perfume Experience All About?" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/cartier-le-nuage) . Vogue (UK) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lankarani, Nazanin (25 October 2017). "With a Scented Cloud Floating in Paris, Cartier Transformed Perfume Into a Work of Art" (https://news.artnet.com/art-world/cartier-scented-cloud-1128701) . artnet News . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Weil, Jennifer (20 October 2017). "Cartier Conceives Perfumed Cloud" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/cartier-conceives-perfumed-cloud-11032530/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Denman, Selina (31 July 2017). "Cartier in-house perfumer Mathilde Laurent: 'People don't know what they want, and they don't know what they like' (https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/luxury/cartier-in-house-perfumer-mathilde-laurent-people-don-t-know-what-they-want-and-they-don-t-know-what-they-like-1.615638) " (https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/luxury/cartier-in-house-perfumer-mathilde-laurent-people-don-t-know-what-they-want-and-they-don-t-know-what-they-like-1.615638) . The National . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Denman, Selina (31 May 2017). "Cartier perfumer Mathilde Laurent calls oud 'a real gift' to perfumery" (https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/cartier-perfumer-mathilde-laurent-calls-oud-a-real-gift-to-perfumery-1.73107) . The National . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Nicklin, Mary Winston (28 November 2016). "Paris's New Perfume Museum Smells Amazing (Obviously)" (https://www.cntraveler.com/story/a-sneak-peek-at-pariss-new-grand-musee-du-parfum) . Condé Nast Traveler . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . 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This is the list of fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) /events/ shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) held annually or two times a year all around the world. The "Big Four" events are the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) ,and London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . Among the most popular fashion weeks is also Arab Fashion Week (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Vancouver Fashion Week (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) , and Russia Fashion Week. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The fashion scene has become more multipolar in the 21st century, with other centers like Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) , Madrid (/wiki/Cibeles_Madrid_Fashion_Week) , Rome (/wiki/Italian_fashion#Rome) , São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) , Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) , Mumbai (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) , Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) and Tokyo (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) hosting important fashion weeks and other events. [9] (#cite_note-9) The list is ordered by continent and country-wise. Africa [ edit ] Algeria [ edit ] La Mode à Alger (/w/index.php?title=La_Mode_%C3%A0_Alger&action=edit&redlink=1) Algiers Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Algiers_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Oran Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Oran_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Botswana [ edit ] Gaborone Fashion Weekend (/w/index.php?title=Gaborone_Fashion_Weekend&action=edit&redlink=1) Masa Fashion Show (/w/index.php?title=Masa_Fashion_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) Exclusive Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Côte d'Ivoire [ edit ] Cote d'Ivoire Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cote_d%27Ivoire_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Egypt [ edit ] Cairo Fashion Festival (/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Fashion_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1) Cairo Couture Collections (/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Couture_Collections&action=edit&redlink=1) Cairo Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) La Mode A Beyrouth - Cairo (/w/index.php?title=La_Mode_A_Beyrouth_-_Cairo&action=edit&redlink=1) Ethiopia [ edit ] Hub of Africa! Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Hub_of_Africa!_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Kenya [ edit ] Nairobi Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Nairobi_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Malawi [ edit ] Fashion Malawi Edition (/wiki/Fashion_Malawi_Edition) Nigeria [ edit ] Hayati Fashion Week (/wiki/Hayati_Fashion_Week) Lagos Fashion Week (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt International Fashion Week (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Uganda [ edit ] Afri Art Fashion Show (/wiki/Afri_art_fashion_show) Abryanz Style & Fashion Show (/wiki/Abryanz_Style_and_Fashion_Awards_2019) South Africa [ edit ] South African Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=South_African_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) AFI Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=AFI_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Soweto Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Soweto_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mozambique [ edit ] Mozambique Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Mozambique_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) America [ edit ] The model Bryanna Elkins during Toronto Fashion Week (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) . Argentina [ edit ] Buenos Aires Fashion Week (/wiki/BAFWEEK) Cordoba Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cordoba_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mendoza Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Mendoza_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Santa Fe Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Bolivia [ edit ] Bolivia Fashion Week (/wiki/Bolivia_Fashion_Week) International Fashion Week Bolivia (/w/index.php?title=International_Fashion_Week_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1) Brazil [ edit ] The model Bruna Tenório (/wiki/Bruna_Ten%C3%B3rio) during São Paulo Fashion Week (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) . Minas Trend Preview (/w/index.php?title=Minas_Trend_Preview&action=edit&redlink=1) Brasília Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bras%C3%ADlia_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Fortaleza Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Fortaleza_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Amazônia Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Amaz%C3%B4nia_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Rio Fashion Week (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) Salvador de Bahia Black Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Salvador_de_Bahia_Black_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) São Paulo Fashion Week (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Canada [ edit ] Vancouver Fashion Week (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Fashion Cares (/wiki/Fashion_Cares) Montréal Fashion and Design Festival (/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_Fashion_and_Design_Festival) Ottawa Fashion Week (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Toronto Fashion Week (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Western Canada Fashion Week [10] (#cite_note-10) Chile [ edit ] Chile Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Chile_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Elite Model Look Chile (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look_Chile) Santiago Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Colombia [ edit ] Bogota Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bogota_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Barranquilla Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Barranquilla_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cali Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cali_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cali ExpoShow (/w/index.php?title=Cali_ExpoShow&action=edit&redlink=1) Cartagena Fashion (/w/index.php?title=Cartagena_Fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) ColombiaModa (/w/index.php?title=ColombiaModa&action=edit&redlink=1) ColombiaTex (/w/index.php?title=ColombiaTex&action=edit&redlink=1) Medellin Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Medellin_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Plataforma K (/w/index.php?title=Plataforma_K&action=edit&redlink=1) Dominican Republic [ edit ] Dominicana Moda Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Dominicana_Moda_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) RD Bridal Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=RD_Bridal_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Jamaica [ edit ] Caribbean Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Style Week Jamaica (/w/index.php?title=Style_Week_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1) Kingston Bridal Week (/wiki/Kingston_Bridal_Week) Mexico [ edit ] Guadalajara Design Week (/w/index.php?title=Guadalajara_Design_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cancun Coture Week (/w/index.php?title=Cancun_Coture_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) MT Fashion Week (Monterrey) (/w/index.php?title=MT_Fashion_Week_(Monterrey)&action=edit&redlink=1) Puebla Fashion Show (/w/index.php?title=Puebla_Fashion_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) Intermoda (/w/index.php?title=Intermoda&action=edit&redlink=1) Desfilia (/w/index.php?title=Desfilia&action=edit&redlink=1) Panama [ edit ] Panama Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Panama_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Paraguay [ edit ] Asunción Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Asunci%C3%B3n_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Ciudad del Este Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Ciudad_del_Este_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Encarnación Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Encarnaci%C3%B3n_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Peru [ edit ] LIF Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=LIF_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) (Lima) Puerto Rico [ edit ] Elite Model Look Puerto Rico (/w/index.php?title=Elite_Model_Look_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1) Puerto Rico High Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rico_High_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) San Juan Moda (/w/index.php?title=San_Juan_Moda&action=edit&redlink=1) West Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=West_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) South Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=South_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) United States [ edit ] Main article: List of fashion events in the United States (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events_in_the_United_States) See also: Fashion in the United States (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) Milagros Schmoll walks the runway at the Custo Barcelona (/wiki/Custo_Dalmau) Spring 2009 show in New York. Fashion model Olivia Jordan walking the runway wearing a design be Belusso during the Mercedes Benz Fashion Week African Fashion Week Houston (/wiki/African_Fashion_Week_Houston) Aspen Fashion Week (/wiki/Aspen_Fashion_Week) Atlanta Fashion Week (/wiki/Atlanta_Fashion_Week) Atlanta International Fashion Week (/wiki/Atlanta_International_Fashion_Week) Atlantic City Fashion Week (/wiki/Atlantic_City_Fashion_Week) Austin Fashion Week (/wiki/Austin_Fashion_Week) Baltimore Fashion Week (/wiki/Baltimore_Fashion_Week) Birmingham Fashion Week (/wiki/Birmingham_Fashion_Week) Chicago Fashion Week (/wiki/Chicago_Fashion_Week) Christian Fashion Week (/wiki/Christian_Fashion_Week) Colorado Fashion Week (/wiki/Colorado_Fashion_Week) Dallas Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Dallas_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Detroit Fashion Week (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) DC Fashion Week (/wiki/DC_Fashion_Week) Denver Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Denver_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) FashionFest (/w/index.php?title=FashionFest&action=edit&redlink=1) Fashion in Film Festival (/wiki/Fashion_in_Film_Festival) Fashion Rocks (/wiki/Fashion_Rocks) Fashion Week Cleveland (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Cleveland) FashioNXT Portland, Oregon (/w/index.php?title=FashioNXT_Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&redlink=1) Ford Models Supermodel of the World (/wiki/Ford_Models_Supermodel_of_the_World) Glamorama (/wiki/Glamorama_(Macy%27s)) Hair Wars (/wiki/Hair_Wars) Houston Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Houston_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Kansas City Fashion Week (/wiki/Kansas_City_Fashion_Week) Latin Fashion Week Colorado (/wiki/Latin_Fashion_Week_Colorado) Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Men's Fashion Week (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week) Men's Fashion Week Los Angeles (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week_Los_Angeles) Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) Met Ball (/wiki/Met_Gala) Miami Fashion Week (/wiki/Miami_Fashion_Week) New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) Omaha Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Omaha_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Oklahoma City Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Oklahoma_City_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Paper Fashion Show (/wiki/Paper_Fashion_Show) Phoenix Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) PLITZS New York City Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=PLITZS_New_York_City_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Pittsburgh Fashion Week (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Fashion_Week) Red Ball (/wiki/Red_Ball_(event)) Rip the Runway (/wiki/Rip_the_Runway) Saint Louis Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Saint_Louis_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) Uruguay [ edit ] Montevideo Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Montevideo_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Venezuela [ edit ] Caracas Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Caracas_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Asia [ edit ] Bahrain [ edit ] Bahrain International Design Week (/w/index.php?title=Bahrain_International_Design_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Bangladesh [ edit ] Bangladesh Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Dhaka Fashion Week (/wiki/Dhaka_Fashion_Week) International Women's Day Show 2019 Chittagong (/w/index.php?title=International_Women%27s_Day_Show_2019_Chittagong&action=edit&redlink=1) China [ edit ] Centrestage (/wiki/Centrestage_(event)) China Fashion Week (/wiki/China_Fashion_Week) Elite Model Look International 2009 (/w/index.php?title=Elite_Model_Look_International_2009&action=edit&redlink=1) Guangzhou Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Shanghai Fashion Week (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tianjin Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Tianjin_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Hong Kong [ edit ] Hong Kong Fashion Week for Fall/Winter (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fashion_Week_for_Fall/Winter) India [ edit ] See also: Fashion in India (/wiki/Fashion_in_India) Vivz World Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Vivz_World_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Bangalore Fashion Week (/wiki/Bangalore_Fashion_Week) India Fashion Week (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) India Runway Week (/wiki/India_Runway_Week) Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) India International Fashion Festival (/w/index.php?title=India_International_Fashion_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1) Hi Life Fashion Exhibitions (/wiki/Hi_Life_Fashion_Exhibitions) Indonesia [ edit ] Models on the ramp of Jakarta Fashion Week (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Indonesia Fashion Week (/wiki/Indonesia_Fashion_Week) Jakarta Fashion Week (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Plaza Indonesia's Men Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Plaza_Indonesia%27s_Men_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Surabaya Fashion Parade (/w/index.php?title=Surabaya_Fashion_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1) Bandung Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bandung_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Citayam Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Citayam_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Jember Fashion Carnaval (/wiki/Jember_Fashion_Carnaval) Bali Fashion Trend (/w/index.php?title=Bali_Fashion_Trend&action=edit&redlink=1) Jogja Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Jogja_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Jakarta Modest Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Jakarta_Modest_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Jakarta Hijab Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Jakarta_Hijab_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Femme (/w/index.php?title=Femme_fashion_week&action=edit&redlink=1) Celebes Beauty Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Celebes_Beauty_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Indonesia Fashion Parade (/w/index.php?title=Indonesia_Fashion_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1) Iran [ edit ] Iran Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Iran_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tehran Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Tehran_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Israel [ edit ] Tel Aviv Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Tel_Aviv_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) ( he (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91) ) Japan [ edit ] See also: Category:Japanese fashion (/wiki/Category:Japanese_fashion) Girls Award (/wiki/Girls_Award) Hiroshima Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Hiroshima_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Kobe Collection (/wiki/Kobe_Collection) Kyoto Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Nagoya Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Nagoya_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Osaka Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Osaka_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Sapporo Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Sapporo_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tokyo Fashion week (/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_Fashion_week&action=edit&redlink=1) ( ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3) ) Tokyo Girls Collection (/wiki/Tokyo_Girls_Collection) Kazakhstan [ edit ] Eurasian Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Eurasian_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Kazakhstan Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Runway Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Runway_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Visa Fashion Week Almaty (/w/index.php?title=Visa_Fashion_Week_Almaty&action=edit&redlink=1) Malaysia [ edit ] Kuala Lumpur Fashion Week (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Malaysian International Fashion Alliance (MIFA) (/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_International_Fashion_Alliance_(MIFA)&action=edit&redlink=1) Asia Islamic Fashion Week 2017 (AIFW 2017) (/w/index.php?title=Asia_Islamic_Fashion_Week_2017_(AIFW_2017)&action=edit&redlink=1) Borneo Fashion Week (/wiki/Borneo_Fashion_Week) Mongolia [ edit ] Goyol Fashion Festival (/wiki/Goyol_Fashion_Festival) Ocouture Fashion show (/w/index.php?title=Ocouture_Fashion_show&action=edit&redlink=1) Nepal [ edit ] Model Hunt Nepal (/w/index.php?title=Model_Hunt_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1) Voyage of creation (/w/index.php?title=Voyage_of_creation&action=edit&redlink=1) Nepal Fashion Week (/wiki/Nepal_Fashion_Week) CHIC Fashion Show (/w/index.php?title=CHIC_Fashion_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) The Show (/w/index.php?title=The_Show_(Nepal)&action=edit&redlink=1) Pakistan [ edit ] Pakistan Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_Pakistan_Week) Islamabad Fashion Week (/wiki/Islamabad_Fashion_Week) Karachi Fashion Week (/wiki/Karachi_Fashion_Week) Lahore Fashion Week (/wiki/Lahore_Fashion_Week) Peshawar Fashion Week PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Media Box Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Media_Box_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Philippines [ edit ] Philippine Fashion Week (/wiki/Philippine_Fashion_Week) Manila Fashion Festival (/wiki/Manila_Fashion_Festival) Mega Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Mega_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Stylefest Ph (/w/index.php?title=Stylefest_Ph&action=edit&redlink=1) Philippine Fashion Gala (/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Fashion_Gala&action=edit&redlink=1) Bench Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bench_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Qatar [ edit ] Doha Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Doha_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Singapore [ edit ] Asia Fashion Exchange (/wiki/Asia_Fashion_Exchange) Asia Style Collection (/w/index.php?title=Asia_Style_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1) Fide Fashion Weeks (/w/index.php?title=Fide_Fashion_Weeks&action=edit&redlink=1) Men's Fashion Week (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week) Singapore Fashion Festival (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Festival) Singapore Fashion Week (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) South Korea [ edit ] Miss Supertalent (/wiki/Miss_Supertalent) Seoul Fashion Week Seoul Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Seoul_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Preview in Daegu (/w/index.php?title=Preview_in_Daegu&action=edit&redlink=1) Busan Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Busan_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Daegu Fashion Fair (Week) (/w/index.php?title=Daegu_Fashion_Fair_(Week)&action=edit&redlink=1) Seoul Girls Collection (/w/index.php?title=Seoul_Girls_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1) Sri Lanka [ edit ] Colombo Fashion Week (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Taiwan [ edit ] Taipei Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Taipei_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Thailand [ edit ] Bangkok International Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bangkok_International_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Elle Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Elle_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Turkey [ edit ] Antalya Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Antalya_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Istanbul Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Istanbul_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) United Arab Emirates [ edit ] Arab Fashion Week (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) Vietnam [ edit ] Vietnam International Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_International_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Europe [ edit ] Austria [ edit ] Vienna Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Belarus [ edit ] Belarus Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Belarus_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Belgium [ edit ] Antwerp Fashion Show (/w/index.php?title=Antwerp_Fashion_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) Brussels Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Brussels_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Bulgaria [ edit ] Sofia Fashion Week Couture (/w/index.php?title=Sofia_Fashion_Week_Couture&action=edit&redlink=1) Kids Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Kids_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Men's Fashion Week Plovdiv (/w/index.php?title=Men%27s_Fashion_Week_Plovdiv&action=edit&redlink=1) Plovdiv Fashion Week Prêt-à-Porter (/w/index.php?title=Plovdiv_Fashion_Week_Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-Porter&action=edit&redlink=1) Bridal Fashion Week Plovdiv (/w/index.php?title=Bridal_Fashion_Week_Plovdiv&action=edit&redlink=1) Dance Fashion Week Burgas (/w/index.php?title=Dance_Fashion_Week_Burgas&action=edit&redlink=1) Lingerie & Swimwear Fashion Week Varna (/w/index.php?title=Lingerie_%26_Swimwear_Fashion_Week_Varna&action=edit&redlink=1) Czech Republic [ edit ] Prague Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Prague_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia [ edit ] Zagreb Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Zagreb_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Denmark [ edit ] Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Gallery Int Fashion Fair (/wiki/Gallery_Int_Fashion_Fair) Magdalena Frackowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Frackowiak) at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Fall 2011 Finland [ edit ] Helsinki Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Helsinki_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) African Fashion Week Helsinki (/w/index.php?title=African_Fashion_Week_Helsinki&action=edit&redlink=1) Afrofinn Fashion Helsinki (/w/index.php?title=Afrofinn_Fashion_Helsinki&action=edit&redlink=1) France [ edit ] See also: French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) Africa Fashion Week Paris (/w/index.php?title=Africa_Fashion_Week_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1) Bordeaux Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) Cannes-Nice Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cannes-Nice_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Bal des débutantes (/wiki/Bal_des_d%C3%A9butantes) Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) (capital) Fall 2008 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2008_fashion_weeks) Fall 2023 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2023_fashion_weeks) Men's Fashion Week (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week) Lille Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Lille_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Lyon Fashion Week (FashionCity Show) (/w/index.php?title=Lyon_Fashion_Week_(FashionCity_Show)&action=edit&redlink=1) Marseille Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Marseille_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Paris Fashion Week by Miss Supertalent (/wiki/Miss_Supertalent) Nantes Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Nantes_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Rennes Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Rennes_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Toulouse Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Toulouse_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Strasbourg Fashion Week (EM Fashion Week) (/w/index.php?title=Strasbourg_Fashion_Week_(EM_Fashion_Week)&action=edit&redlink=1) St. Tropez Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=St._Tropez_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Georgia [ edit ] Adjara Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Adjara_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tbilisi (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Tbilisi) Tbilisi Fashion Week (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Escada (/wiki/Escada) show opening look at Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) spring/summer season 2013 Germany [ edit ] See also: German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) Baltic Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Usedom Island (/wiki/Usedom) ) Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Bread & Butter (/wiki/Bread_%26_Butter_(tradeshow)) Stylenite (/wiki/Stylenite) by Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) Düsseldorf Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Frankfurt Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Hamburg Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Hamburg_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cologne Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Krefeld Street Fashion Show (/w/index.php?title=Krefeld_Street_Fashion_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) Munich Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Munich_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Schwerin LOOK (/w/index.php?title=Schwerin_LOOK&action=edit&redlink=1) Stuttgart Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Stuttgart_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Warnemünde Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Warnem%C3%BCnde_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) (Rostock) Greece [ edit ] Athens Xclusive Designers Week (/w/index.php?title=Athens_Xclusive_Designers_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Hungary [ edit ] Budapest Fashion Week (/wiki/Budapest_Fashion_Week) Italy [ edit ] See also: Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) Bari Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bari_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Benevento Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Benevento_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Benevento In Moda (/w/index.php?title=Benevento_In_Moda&action=edit&redlink=1) Bologne Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Bologne_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Catania Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Catania_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cesena Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cesena_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Cortina Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Cortina_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Firenze Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Firenze_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Genova Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Genova_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) A catwalk in the 2010 Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) (capital) Fall 2008 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2008_fashion_weeks) Fall 2023 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2023_fashion_weeks) Napoli Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Napoli_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) Reggio Calabria Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Reggio_Calabria_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Rimini Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Rimini_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Roma Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Roma_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Salerno Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Salerno_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Torino Fashion Week 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(/wiki/Melbourne_Fashion_Festival) Melbourne Spring Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Melbourne_Spring_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mercedes-Benz Fashion Festival Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Adelaide Fashion Festival (/w/index.php?title=Adelaide_Fashion_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1) Telstra Perth Fashion Festival (/w/index.php?title=Telstra_Perth_Fashion_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1) Fiji [ edit ] Fiji Fashion Week (/wiki/Fiji_Fashion_Week) New Zealand [ edit ] New Zealand Fashion Week (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) iD Dunedin Fashion Week (/wiki/ID_Dunedin_Fashion_Week) See also [ edit ] Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "UAE Fashion: A Lucrative Industry for the Business World" (https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/uae-fashion-a-lucrative-industry-for-the-business-world/) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Arab Fashion Week 2017" (https://www.vogue.it/news/notizie-del-giorno/2017/05/09/arab-fashion-week-2017/) . 9 May 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "CONFIRMED! Arab Fashion Week is Going Ahead and Here's Everything You Need to Know" (https://lovin.co/dubai/en/announcements/arab-fashion-week-2) . 14 October 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Pictures: Arab Fashion week returns to Dubai" (https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/pictures-arab-fashion-week-returns-to-dubai-1.1635420705371) . 28 October 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Everything You Need to Know About Arab Fashion Week" (https://graziamagazine.com/me/articles/fashion-everything-about-arab-fashion-week/) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Russia" (https://www.notjustalabel.com/event/mercedes-benz-fashion-week-russia) . Not Just A Label . 21 October 2017. [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bradford, Julie (2014). Fashion Journalism . Routledge. p. 129. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781136475368 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Dillon, Susan (2011). The Fundamentals of Fashion Management . A&C Black. p. 115. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9782940411580 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The big four fashion capitals of the world" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141030145348/http://www.fashiondays.com/the-daily-issue/the-big-four-fashion-capitals-of-the-world/) . Archived from the original (http://www.fashiondays.com/the-daily-issue/the-big-four-fashion-capitals-of-the-world/) on 2014-10-30 . Retrieved 2016-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Western Canada Fashion Week" (http://westerncanadafashionweek.com/) . 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(/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design 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Japanese fashion educator and designer Sugino Yoshiko 杉野芳子 Sugino Yoshiko in 1948 Born Iwasawa Yoshiko March 2, 1892 Chiba, Japan Died July 24, 1978 Nationality Japanese Occupation(s) Fashion educator and designer Known for Founding the "Doreme" dressmaking school Sugino Yoshiko (杉野 芳子) ( née (/wiki/Given_name#Name_at_birth) Iwasawa, March 2, 1892 – July 24, 1978) was a Japanese fashion educator and designer. She founded the Doreme dressmaking school and the Sugino Fashion College (/wiki/Sugino_Fashion_College) . Early life and education [ edit ] Sugino was born in what is now the town of Yokoshibahikari (/wiki/Yokoshibahikari) in Chiba prefecture (/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) . Her birth name was Iwasawa Yoshiko. She attended Chiba Prefectural Girl's High School (/w/index.php?title=Chiba_Prefectural_Girl%27s_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%9C%8C%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1) ] , and became the first woman to work at the Ministry of Railways (/wiki/Japanese_Government_Railways) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She went to study in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) in 1914. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) While studying abroad, she married architect Sugino Shigeichi (/w/index.php?title=Sugino_Shigeichi&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%89%E9%87%8E%E7%B9%81%E4%B8%80) ] in 1916. They returned to Japan in 1920, and lived in Akasaka (/wiki/Akasaka,_Tokyo) , Tokyo. Career [ edit ] Sugino founded the Doreme dressmaking school in 1926. At the time, all western clothing (/wiki/Western_wear) was bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) , but using basic paper patterns she taught Japanese women how to make their own dresses. She had three students. In 1932 she formed the Sugino School from her dressmaking school. Shigeichi served as the principal. By 1936, she had 1,200 students. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) She also wrote sewing manuals. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1943 she changed the name of the school to the Sugino Fashion College. However, the school burned down in 1945, during World War II. She reopened her dressmaking school in 1946, but only prepared thirty applications. 1,700 women applied for the school. [5] (#cite_note-5) She later allowed her graduates to open franchises of the school. There were 700 franchises by 1958. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) After World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , Sugino traveled to France (/wiki/France) many times. She entered the world of haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , and became friends with Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , and Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) , among others. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The Sugino Costume Museum was founded in 1957. It was the first museum of western clothing in Japan. Their collection was composed of clothing and accessories from Sugino's personal collection. [6] (#cite_note-6) Sugino was awarded the Légion d'Honneur (/wiki/Legion_of_Honour) (Chevalier) during the same year. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1965, Sugino was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure (/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure) , 3rd class. She was also awarded the Order of the Precious Crown (/wiki/Order_of_the_Precious_Crown) , 3rd class in 1978. [8] (#cite_note-8) Sugino died on July 24, 1978. Further reading [ edit ] Sugino, Yoshiko (1997). Sugino Yoshiko : Honoo no gotoku . Tōkyō: Nihon Tosho Sentā. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9784820542711 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 37956965 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37956965) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 日本経済新聞社・日経BP社 (23 March 2014). "杉野芳子 己の感性信じ、時代切り開く ヒロインは強し（木内昇）｜WOMAN SMART｜NIKKEI STYLE" (https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFE1804Z_Y4A310C1TY5000?channel=DF260120166500&style=1) . NIKKEI STYLE (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ a b HEADLINE, FASHION. "3月2日は杉野芳子（ファッションデザイナー）の誕生日です | FASHION" (https://www.fashion-headline.com/article/4864) . FASHION HEADLINE (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ a b Gordon, Andrew (2011). Fabricating Consumers: The Sewing Machine in Modern Japan . University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520950313 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Peirson-Smith, Anne; Hancock, Joseph H. II (2018-06-22). Transglobal Fashion Narratives: Clothing Communication, Style Statements and Brand Storytelling . Intellect Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781783208456 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dower, John W. (2000-06-17). Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II . W. W. Norton & Company. p. 170 (https://archive.org/details/embracingdefeatj00dowe/page/170) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780393345247 . sugino yoshiko. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Uranaka, Taiga (2002-06-15). "Famed sculptor's mannequins wear evolution of Western haute fashion" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2002/06/15/national/famed-sculptors-mannequins-wear-evolution-of-western-haute-fashion/) . The Japan Times Online . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0447-5763 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0447-5763) . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "杉野芳子" (http://www6.plala.or.jp/guti/cemetery/PERSON/S/sugino_y.html) . www6.plala.or.jp . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) 20世紀日本人名事典,367日誕生日大事典. "杉野 芳子(スギノ ヨシコ)とは" (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%89%E9%87%8E%20%E8%8A%B3%E5%AD%90-1647314) . コトバンク (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) External links [ edit ] Doreme Dressmaker School (http://www.dressmaker-gakuin.ac.jp//) Sugino Gakuen (http://www.sugino.ac.jp/gakuen/) Sugino Costume Museum (http://www.costumemuseum.jp/english/index.html) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754593/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000084303340) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/18545966) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdMg6jwJdFPjktDpmyTpP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/173173101) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81075867) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00074491) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hcb62 Cached time: 20240713135818 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.446 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2181/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29457/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1287/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40565/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6446269/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 411.484 1 -total 28.45% 117.052 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.24% 87.380 4 Template:Cite_book 20.97% 86.297 1 Template:Authority_control 15.45% 63.562 1 Template:Short_description 12.71% 52.296 1 Template:Reflist 9.21% 37.909 2 Template:Pagetype 6.79% 27.942 18 Template:Main_other 6.48% 26.669 1 Template:Wikidata_image 4.84% 19.897 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62154777-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713135818 and revision id 1204360736. 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Canadian fashion designer Malorie Urbanovitch Born 1987 Nationality Canadian Occupation Fashion designer Known for Practical clothing with an ethical approach Website urbanovitch (http://urbanovitch.co/) .co (http://urbanovitch.co/) Malorie Urbanovitch (born 1987) is a Canadian fashion designer from Edmonton (/wiki/Edmonton) , Alberta (/wiki/Alberta) known for her ethically conscious clothing, a pared-down aesthetic and utilitarian designs. [1] (#cite_note-Georgijevic_2018-1) In 2017, The Globe and Mail (/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail) called her one of Canada's top new designers. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Education [ edit ] Urbanovitch graduated in film studies from the University of Alberta (/wiki/University_of_Alberta) . While at school, she made clothes on the side for fun. After participating in a local runway show on a whim, she was prompted to take fashion more seriously. At her second show in Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) , she won an award which led to her first collection being presented in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) . [4] (#cite_note-Islam_2018-4) Career [ edit ] Urbanovitch launched her namesake clothing line in 2012 which included knitted sweaters, hand painted pieces and 3D printed accessories. [4] (#cite_note-Islam_2018-4) Since then, she has presented her collections several times at World MasterCard Fashion Week (/wiki/World_MasterCard_Fashion_Week) in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , where she won the Mercedes-Benz Start Up award in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-Georgijevic_2018-1) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2015, she was nominated for an emerging designer prize at the Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards (/wiki/Canadian_Arts_and_Fashion_Awards) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [1] (#cite_note-Georgijevic_2018-1) [8] (#cite_note-8) Her 2016 collection was described as "... one of her best as she brought vintage inspired looks with contemporary cuts to the runway using a northern winter inspired color palette mixed in with the chic allure of 1980s Industrialism." [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Urbanovitch regularly works as a stylist at the Fashion with Compassion fund raising event, where she approached buyers from Simons (/wiki/La_Maison_Simons) about stocking her line. [11] (#cite_note-11) Since 2015, her clothing can be found at the Canadian department store (/wiki/La_Maison_Simons) . [1] (#cite_note-Georgijevic_2018-1) [12] (#cite_note-12) Concerned about animal rights, Urbanovitch chose ethnically sourced angora from Nova Scotia for her 2014 collection, as opposed to China where the rabbits are mistreated. [13] (#cite_note-13) Being a feminist, she has selected non-conventional models for her runway shows and also aims to make clothing that is utilitarian, thereby comfortable for women to wear. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Georgijevic, Anya (2015-10-14). "Ahead of Toronto fashion week, Malorie Urbanovitch reflects on being a cross-Canada success story" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/fashion/ahead-of-toronto-fashion-week-malorie-urbanovitch-reflects-on-being-a-cross-canada-success-story/article26798137/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Agnew, Caitlin (2015-04-05). "The new class of top Canadian designers" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/the-new-class/article34601419/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Parker, Odessa Paloma (2016-10-26). "Best in show: The top five collections from Toronto fashion week" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/fashion/best-in-show-the-five-top-collections-from-toronto-fashion-week/article26984945/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ a b Islam, Sanam (2016-01-06). "In Edmonton by Design" (http://www.edmontonwoman.com/article/In-Edmonton-by-Design-20160601) . Edmonton Woman . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Toronto fashion week in pictures: Rudsak, Wayne Gretzky Collection, Malorie Urbanovitch, Rachel Sin | The Star" (https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2015/10/22/toronto-fashion-week-in-pictures-rudsak-wayne-gretzky-collection-malorie-urbanovitch-rachel-sin.html) . The Star . 2015-10-22 . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Venerayan, Bianca (2015-03-30). "The top 10 looks from Toronto Fashion Week fall 2015" (https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2015/03/the_top_10_looks_from_toronto_fashion_week_fall_2015/) . blogTO . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) La Rose, Lauren (2017-01-31). "Erdem among nominees for Canadian Arts and Fashion Awards" (https://www.ctvnews.ca/lifestyle/erdem-among-nominees-for-canadian-arts-and-fashion-awards-1.3264323) . CTVNews . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Laliotis, Vickie (2014-10-16). "Social Seen: Malorie Urbanovitch Collection Launch Party, Fall Fashion in the Fast Lane" (https://edmontonjournal.com/Social+Seen+Malorie+Urbanovitch+Collection+Launch+Party+Fall+Fashion+Fast+Lane/10295773/story.html) . www.edmontonjournal.com . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Alleyne, Caleigh (2016-03-25). "10 Designers to Know From Toronto Fashion Week" (https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/03/10-designers-to-know-from-toronto-fashion-week.html) . Paste Magazine . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Spanning the spectrum: A style smorgasbord on Day 2 of Toronto Fashion Week" (https://nationalpost.com/life/fashion-beauty/spanning-the-spectrum-a-style-smorgasbord-on-day-2-of-toronto-fashion-week) . National Post . 2016-03-16 . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Baxter, Meaghan (2016-10-24). "Fashion With Compassion celebrates 20 years" (https://edmontonjournal.com/life/fashion-beauty/fashion-with-compassion-celebrates-20-years) . Edmonton Journal . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Leconte, Julia (2015-10-05). "Edmonton designer Malorie Urbanovitch launches fall line at Simons" (https://edmontonjournal.com/life/fashion-beauty/edmonton-designer-malorie-urbanovitch-launches-fall-line-at-simons) . Edmonton Journal . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Barnard, Linda (2014-03-14). "Toronto Fashion Week: Clothing with a conscience" (https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2014/03/14/toronto_fashion_week_clothing_with_a_conscience.html) . The Star . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Teotonio, Isabel (2014-10-18). "Toronto fashion week: Do fashion and feminism make strange bedfellows?" (https://www.thestar.com/life/2014/10/18/toronto_fashion_week_do_fashion_and_feminism_make_strange_bedfellows.html) . The Star . Retrieved 2018-04-21 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://urbanovitch.co/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐58747bfdd4‐9ws6j Cached time: 20240715135030 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.347 seconds Real time usage: 0.466 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2097/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29110/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 898/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55316/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.220/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6506901/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 446.019 1 -total 37.72% 168.253 1 Template:Reflist 34.92% 155.767 1 Template:Infobox_person 33.29% 148.492 14 Template:Cite_news 21.39% 95.388 1 Template:Short_description 11.71% 52.229 17 Template:Main_other 10.64% 47.438 2 Template:Pagetype 7.32% 32.647 1 Template:SDcat 6.03% 26.902 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.95% 22.066 1 Template:URL Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57195265-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715135030 and revision id 1160537578. 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British fashion designer (born 1938) Rupert William Lycett Green (born 24 October 1938) is a British fashion designer known for his contribution to 1960s male fashion through his tailor's shop/boutique Blades in London. Early life [ edit ] Lycett Green was born in England, the son of Commander David Cecil Lycett Green RN and Angela Courage (who later married Ralph Beckett, 3rd Baron Grimthorpe (/wiki/Ralph_Beckett,_3rd_Baron_Grimthorpe) ). His grandfather is Sir Edward Lycett Green, 2nd Baronet, and his great-grandfather is Sir Edward Green, 1st Baronet (/wiki/Sir_Edward_Green,_1st_Baronet) . He was educated at Eton College (/wiki/Eton_College) . [1] (#cite_note-Cilla-1) Blades [ edit ] Blades' former Burlington Gardens shop, now Ede & Ravenscroft In 1962, Lycett Green opened his shop Blades in Dover Street (/wiki/Dover_Street) , London, with "high tailoring standards but a young man's view of cut and proportion". [2] (#cite_note-Musgrave-2) The shop's slogan was "for today rather than the memory of yesterday" and they offered high fashion ready-to-wear clothes. [3] (#cite_note-Scabel-3) In 1965, John Crosby described Lycett Green's clothes as having "an elegance and a sort of look-at-me dash not seen since Edwardian times." [4] (#cite_note-Lewis-4) In 1965, Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) , a regular customer of Blades, stated "it's a marvellous combination of Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) Pizazz and Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) ". [5] (#cite_note-MG-5) In 1967, Blades moved to Burlington Gardens (/wiki/Burlington_Gardens) , where the shop windows looked down on Savile Row itself. [2] (#cite_note-Musgrave-2) Customers included Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) , the then Marquess of Hartington (/wiki/Peregrine_Cavendish,_12th_Duke_of_Devonshire) and the Earl of St Germans (/wiki/Peregrine_Eliot,_10th_Earl_of_St_Germans) . [1] (#cite_note-Cilla-1) [6] (#cite_note-Telegraph-6) Designs by Lycett Green are included in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , [7] (#cite_note-V&A-7) the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , [8] (#cite_note-Met-8) and the Museum of London (/wiki/Museum_of_London) . [9] (#cite_note-MoL-9) One of his evening suits in black velvet was selected by Patrick Lichfield (/wiki/Patrick_Anson,_5th_Earl_of_Lichfield) to represent 1971 in the Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) collection at the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) , alongside a woman's outfit by Graziella Fontana (/wiki/Graziella_Fontana) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Today, the Burlington Gardens premises are occupied by the tailors Ede & Ravenscroft (/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft) . [3] (#cite_note-Scabel-3) Personal life [ edit ] Lycett Green was married to the writer Candida Lycett Green (/wiki/Candida_Lycett_Green) , daughter of the poet John Betjeman (/wiki/John_Betjeman) , [11] (#cite_note-Betjeman_2007-11) until her death on 19 August 2014. [12] (#cite_note-12) They married on 25 May 1963 and had five children. [11] (#cite_note-Betjeman_2007-11) From 1973 to 1987 they owned the country house called Blackland House or Blackland Park, at Blackland (/wiki/Blackland,_Wiltshire) near Calne (/wiki/Calne) in Wiltshire. [13] (#cite_note-13) According to Nik Cohn (/wiki/Nik_Cohn) in 1971, Lycett Green was "very tall and very skinny ... charming, quick with a quote and well equipped with enemies. All in all, he was a columnist's dream." [14] (#cite_note-Dandy-14) See also [ edit ] Swinging London (/wiki/Swinging_London) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Black, Cilla. (2004). What's it all about? . London: Ebury. p. 107. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781407025162 . ^ Jump up to: a b Musgrave, Eric. (2009). Sharp suits . London: Pavilion. p. 21. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781862058521 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Where the London Cut was Born" (http://www.scabal.com/img/mailings/savilerow/2009/london_cut_bespoken_4.pdf) (PDF) . Scabel . Retrieved 7 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lewis_4-0) Crosby, John. (1965) "The sixties: Swinging London" in Lewis, John E. (Ed.) (2012). London . London: Constable & Robinson. p. 1965. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781780337500 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-MG_5-0) Sheppard, Eugenia (1 November 1965). "Beaton Likes Romantic Look" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19651101&id=EsQtAAAAIBAJ&pg=5548,106458) . The Montreal Gazette . Retrieved 12 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_6-0) West, Naomi. (7 July 2007). "The world of Peregrine St Germans" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3666385/The-world-of-Peregrine-St-Germans.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-V&A_7-0) "Designs by Rupert Lycett Green and Blades in the V&A" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84709/mans-suit-green-rupert-lycett/) . V&A Collections Online . Retrieved 2 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Met_8-0) "Collections Online: Rupert Lycett Green menswear" (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search?ft=rupert+lycett+green) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-MoL_9-0) "Overcoat by Blades in the Museum of London" (http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/Online/object.aspx?objectID=object-86273) . Museum of London . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Dress of the Year 1970 – 1979" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105025339/http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1970_-_1979.aspx) . The Fashion Museum, Bath. Archived from the original (http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1970_-_1979.aspx) on 5 November 2013 . Retrieved 2 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b A. N. Wilson (/wiki/A._N._Wilson) , Betjeman (2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0099498375 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0099498375) ), p. 351 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Rosemary Hill. "Candida Lycett Green obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/aug/20/candida-lycett-green) . The Guardian . Retrieved 20 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Crowley, D. A., ed. (2002). "Blackland". A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 17 . Victoria County History (/wiki/Victoria_County_History) . University of London. pp. 17–27 . Retrieved 14 March 2022 – via British History Online. ^ (#cite_ref-Dandy_14-0) "Blades and Savile Row's reaction to 1960's Peacock Revolution" (http://dandyinaspic.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/blades-and-savile-rows-reaction-to.html) . A Dandy in Aspic . Retrieved 12 June 2014 . 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Korean American model (born 1986) The native form of this personal name (/wiki/Personal_name) is Park Suju . This article uses Western name order (/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order) when mentioning individuals. Soo Joo Park 박수주 Park in 2019 Born ( 1986-03-26 ) March 26, 1986 (age 38) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea Alma mater University of California, Berkeley (/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley) Modeling information Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Hair color Platinum blonde (dyed) Black (natural) Eye color Brown Agency Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (New York) IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) (Paris, Sydney, Milan) Storm Management (/wiki/Storm_Management) (London) Nomad Management (Miami Beach, Los Angeles) ESteem Soo Joo Park (born Park Suju ; March 26, 1986) is an American fashion model and musician. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) She became the first Asian-American woman to be a L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) spokesmodel. [3] (#cite_note-3) She is also known for her work with Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and is a Global Ambassador for the brand. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life Park was born in Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea and moved to Anaheim, California (/wiki/Anaheim,_California) when she was ten years old. [6] (#cite_note-6) She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley (/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley) with an Architecture (/wiki/Architecture) degree. [7] (#cite_note-7) After graduation, she moved to San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , where she got scouted while shopping at a vintage store in the Haight-Ashbury (/wiki/Haight-Ashbury) neighborhood. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Career Park's first fashion credit was appearing in a BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) advertisement in 2010. [10] (#cite_note-10) After moving to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , she dyed her hair from natural black to platinum blonde. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) Soon after, she was quickly noticed by major brands including Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) and walked in their shows. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) In her debut fashion week seasons she walked for Chanel, Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , and LOEWE (/wiki/LOEWE_(fashion_brand)) among others. [12] (#cite_note-12) She appeared in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , and Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) editorials in 2012. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) She has also appeared in W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , i-D (/wiki/I-D) , CR Fashion Book (/wiki/CR_Fashion_Book) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Paper (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) , and Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) among others. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2014, Park was featured on Models.com’s “Top 50 Models” list and in 2015, she joined “The Money Girls” list. [18] (#cite_note-18) [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) In advertisements, Park has been the face of campaigns for Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Redken (/wiki/Redken) , Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , and Bvlgari (/wiki/Bvlgari) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) In May 2015, Park opened the Chanel 2015/16 Cruise show presented at the Dongdaemun Design Plaza (/wiki/Dongdaemun_Design_Plaza) in Seoul, chosen by Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) as the Chanel muse representing Asia. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2017, she played Sutra on the second season of the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) drama series Sense8 (/wiki/Sense8) . [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2020, she was one of the 100 cover stars for Vogue Italia 's September Issue. [24] (#cite_note-24) In June 2021, Park made her musical debut under the name Ether, with a cover of a classic Korean rock song, "Haenim," which was written and produced in 1968 by Joong-Hyun Shin. [25] (#cite_note-:1-25) Prior to that, she had been working on music and DJing (/wiki/Disc_jockey) for several years. [25] (#cite_note-:1-25) In December, she performed "Haenim" live at the Chanel Métiers d’Art 2021/2022 show. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2022, Park was selected as an "Industry Icon" by Models.com [27] (#cite_note-27) In September, Chanel announced her as the face of the Première Original Edition watch. [28] (#cite_note-28) Filmography Web series Year Title Role Notes 2017-2018 Sense8 (/wiki/Sense8) Sutra 2 episodes Music video work Year Title Artist Role 2021 "Zeros" Desire (/wiki/Desire_(band)) "Haenim" Desire (/wiki/Desire_(band)) ft. Ether References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Friedlander, Ruthie (February 12, 2018). "Model Turned DJ Soo Joo Park On How to Build the Perfect Set List" (http://www.instyle.com/awards-events/fashion-week/new-york-fashion-week/soo-joo-park-bottega-veneta) . InStyle . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dias de Souza, Fernando (September 8, 2016). "Model and DJ Soo Joo Park Celebrates New York Fashion Week With a Brand-New Playlist" (https://www.vogue.com/article/soo-joo-park-new-york-fashion-week-playlist) . Vogue . Condé Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Reed, Sam (March 27, 2015). "Model Soo Joo Park Is L'Oreal Paris' First Asian-American Spokeswoman" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/model-soo-joo-park-is-784962) . The Hollywood Reporter . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Verner, Amy (March 30, 2017). "Supermodel Soo Joo Park talks perfectionism, insomnia and fame" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/supermodel-soo-joo-park-talks-perfectionism-insomnia-and-accidental-fame-a3500436.html) . Evening Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "CFDA" (https://cfda.com/news/soo-joo-park-on-cultural-values) . cfda.com . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Soo Joo Park, Model" (https://intothegloss.com/2013/05/soo-joo-park-model/) . Into The Gloss . February 24, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Yavari, Leila (June 20, 2014). "Leila Yavari and Soo Joo Park on the Perils of the Unconventional Model" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a14607/leila-yavari-soo-joo-unconventional-model/) . Elle . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Soo Joo Park, Model" (https://intothegloss.com/2013/05/soo-joo-park-model/) . Into The Gloss . February 24, 2016 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Ojo-Felix, Irene (April 5, 2022). "Models.com's Icons: Soo Joo Park" (https://models.com/mdx/icons-soo-joo-park/) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "BCBGeneration SS 2010 by David Roemer" (https://www.designscene.net/2010/02/bcbgeneration-ss-2010-by-david-roemer.html) . February 2, 2010. ^ a b c "Supermodel Showdown: Soo Joo Park" (https://vmagazine.com/article/supermodel-showdown-soo-joo-park/) . V Magazine . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Soo Joo Park - Fashion Model - Profile on New York Magazine" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/sjoo/soojoo/) . nymag.com . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Soo Joo Park: Night Rider" (https://www.nowness.com/story/soo-joo-park-night-rider) . www.nowness.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "We Like Your Look (Glamour Magazine U.S.)" (https://models.com/work/glamour-magazine-we-like-your-look/481531) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Oliver, Simone S. (September 11, 2014). "Meet Our Guest Pinner: Soo Joo Park, Today's Model" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/11/fashion/Fashion-Week-Inspirations-From-Model-Soo-Joo-Park-on-Pinterest-for-The-New-York-Times.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Punk Park" (http://www.papermag.com/soo-joo-park-2324904553.html) . Paper . March 28, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Andrews, Jessica; Marsh, Ariana (February 22, 2017). "20 Models From Around the World Prove Diversity Is Our Greatest Asset" (https://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/models-global-diversity) . Teen Vogue . Condé Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-18) 연합뉴스 (April 29, 2021). "Top model Soo-joo selected as ′Industry Icons′ at Models.com" (https://k-odyssey.com/news/newsview.php?ncode=1065578130746183) . 연합뉴스 (in Korean) . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) DeSantis, Marissa (December 24, 2017). "The Cold Weather Products That Will Make All Your Winter Beauty Problems Go Away" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/soo-joo-park-michael-kors-sexy-ruby-fragrance-interview) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Soo Joo Park - Korean Model" (https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/models/soo-joo-park/) . Fashion Gone Rogue . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Supermodel Showdown: Soo Joo Park - V Magazine" (https://vmagazine.com/article/supermodel-showdown-soo-joo-park/) . V Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Chanel blends 'hanbok' with modernism" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2023/02/199_178371.html) . koreatimes . May 5, 2015 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Soo Joo Park" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6407697/) . IMDb . Amazon . Retrieved December 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Vogue Italia's September issue: the 100 covers" (https://www.vogue.it/en/article/vogue-italia-september-issue-100-covers) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). August 27, 2020 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ a b "Soo Joo Park Chose a Korean Rock Song for Her Musical Debut" (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/soo-joo-park-chose-korean-170000448.html) . www.yahoo.com . June 25, 2021 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Lautens, Annika (December 8, 2021). "The Chanel Métiers d'Art 2021 Show Turned into a Soo Joo Park Concert" (https://fashionmagazine.com/style/chanel-metiers-dart-2021-soo-joo-park/) . FASHION Magazine . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Models.com's Icons: Soo Joo Park" (https://models.com/mdx/icons-soo-joo-park/) . models.com . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Letonja, Timotej (September 28, 2022). "Chanel Announces Soo Joo Park As the Face of Première Original Watch" (https://www.numeromag.nl/chanel-announces-soo-joo-park-as-the-face-of-premiere-original-watch/) . Numéro Netherlands . Retrieved February 21, 2023 . 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Abstracted clothing style of the 1980s–90s Deconstruction (or deconstructivism ) is a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) phenomenon of the 1980s and 1990s. It involves the use of costume forms that are based on identifying the structure of clothing - they are used as an external element of the costume. This phenomenon is associated with designers Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) , Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) , Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) , Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) and Dries van Noten (/wiki/Dries_van_Noten) . [1] (#cite_note-auto7-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Deconstructivism in fashion is considered as part of a philosophical system (/wiki/Deconstruction) formed under the influence of the works of Jacques Derrida (/wiki/Jacques_Derrida) . [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) Term [ edit ] In fashion, the term "deconstructivism" emerged in the second half of the 1980s (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_1980s) and early 1990s (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_1990s) . The principles of this direction were outlined in 1985 in Harold Code's article " Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) and the Aesthetics of Poverty". [5] (#cite_note-auto2-5) In the early 1990s, Harold Koda and Richard Martin introduced the concept of fashion deconstruction in the Infra-Apparel exhibition catalog, [6] (#cite_note-6) where "deconstructivism" was described as a unified trend of the 1990s. It is believed that the term "deconstructivism" in relation to fashion began to be used after an architectural exhibition in 1988 at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) in New York. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The work that summarized the basic principles of deconstructivism in the 1990s can be considered the text by Alison Gill "Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes". Gill defined deconstruction in fashion as a term to describe "garments on a runway that are unfinished, coming apart, recycled, transparent or grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) ". [8] (#cite_note-8) General principles [ edit ] Origin [ edit ] Deconstructivism is considered one of the most influential fashion trends of the 1980s and 1990s. [9] (#cite_note-auto3-9) It arose as a reaction to continental philosophy (/wiki/Continental_philosophy) [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) and can be seen as one of the attempts to present fashion as an intellectual movement. [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) Designers and critics have emphasized the alternative nature of fashion deconstruction to commercial or runway fashion (/wiki/Fashion_show) , [9] (#cite_note-auto3-9) although this opposition is rather relative. Deconstructivism was focused not so much on the mechanism and rules of the fashion industry, but on philosophy and architecture. [10] (#cite_note-10) Basic elements [ edit ] Deconstructivism is associated with the emergence of a new cutting technique (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) that emphasized the structural elements of the costume. At the same time, deconstruction is considered a protest against the style of the 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) It is assessed as an attempt to create a new direction in costume both in terms of shaping and in the sense of creating a new fashion ideology. Deconstructivism involves identifying elements of cut in the external appearance of a suit. Designers [ edit ] There are different points of view as to which designers should be considered representatives of deconstruction in fashion. The list of main participants is ambiguous. In some cases, it is limited to representatives of the " Antwerp Six (/wiki/Antwerp_Six) ", with special emphasis on such names as Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) and Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) . [1] (#cite_note-auto7-1) Deconstructivism and the concept of intellectual fashion [ edit ] The idea of resistance, embedded within the framework of deconstruction, implied the desire to see fashion as an intellectual sphere. [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) The structure of the costume was represented by the intellectual side of the clothing. Under the influence of deconstruction, [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) a new strategy was formed in fashion - an understanding of fashion as an intellectual phenomenon. Deconstruction in fashion and architecture [ edit ] The emergence of deconstructivism in fashion is associated with the architectural tradition (/wiki/Deconstructivism) . [13] (#cite_note-auto4-13) The starting point is considered to be the exhibition "Deconstructivist Architecture", which took place at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) in New York in 1988. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The exhibition presented works by then little-known artists Rem Koolhaas (/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas) , Zaha Hadid (/wiki/Zaha_Hadid) , Frank Gehry (/wiki/Frank_Gehry) , Peter Eisenman (/wiki/Peter_Eisenman) , Daniel Libeskind (/wiki/Daniel_Libeskind) and Bernard Tschumi (/wiki/Bernard_Tschumi) . [13] (#cite_note-auto4-13) [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Deconstructivism in fashion and philosophy [ edit ] Deconstructivism in fashion is usually correlated with deconstruction as a philosophical movement - primarily with the works of Jacques Derrida (/wiki/Jacques_Derrida) . Fashionable deconstructivism is presented as a rethinking of the philosophical method formed by representatives of the European and Yale schools (/wiki/Yale_school) . Fashion deconstruction also implies that the fashion system in general, and costume in particular, is erroneously thought of as a structure. Deconstruction in fashion was part of a philosophical movement where the ideas of deconstruction could be expressed in applied forms. For fashion, turning to the philosophy of deconstruction was one of the ways to confirm its intellectual status. [14] (#cite_note-14) Deconstruction and the idea of disorder [ edit ] Deconstructivism in fashion was not a protest against the idea of order as such. [15] (#cite_note-15) It developed as resistance to a certain type of order: deconstructivism assumed the possibility of decentralization (/wiki/Decentralization) of the system (including the fashion system) and the possibility of verifying externally established rules. In fashionable deconstruction, the disorderly was part of an established system. Fashionable deconstruction positioned clutter as a structural element. Deconstruction and anti-fashion [ edit ] See also: Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Deconstructivism in costume has become one of the consistent trends built on opposition to the idea of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . [5] (#cite_note-auto2-5) It became a form of criticism of standard commercial clothing and implied the possibility of a system focused on a philosophical prototype. Deconstructivism suggested the possibility of a new social reference point for fashion. [16] (#cite_note-16) In addition, deconstructivism was one of the first large-scale movements that outlined the very possibility of alternative fashion (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) . See also [ edit ] Antwerp Six (/wiki/Antwerp_Six) Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ a b Granata F. Deconstruction and the Grotesque: Martin Margiela / Experimental Fashion: Performance Art, Carnival and the Grotesque Body. London — New York, I.B.Tauris: 2017. p. 74 — 102. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. Pp. 25. ^ a b c Avtonomova N. S. Derrida and grammatology // Derrida J. On grammatology. M.: Ad Marginem, 2000. - P. 7-107. ^ a b c Gill A. Jacques Derrida: fashion under erasure. / A. Rocamora & A. Smelik (Eds.), Thinking Through Fashion: A Guide to Key Theorists. London: I.B. Tauris, 2016. pp. 251—268. ^ a b Koda H. Rei Kawakubo and the Aesthetic of Poverty / Costume: Journal of Costume Society of America, 1985, No. 11, pp. 5-10. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Martin R., Koda H. Infra-Apparel. [Exhibition catalogue]. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ^ a b c Johnson P., Wigley M. Deconstructivist architecture [Catalog of the Exhibition]. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. p. 25. ^ a b Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Brunette P., Wills D. Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Spindler A.M. Coming Apart // New York Times. 1993. July 25. Styles section. Pp. 1, 9. ^ (#cite_ref-12) O'Shea S. La mode Destroy // Vogue (Paris), 1992, May. ^ a b McLeod M. Undressing Architecture: Fashion, Gender, and Modernity // Architecture: In Fashion / Ed. by D. Fausch et al. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. pp. 26-27. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Martin R. 1992. Destitution and Deconstruction: The Riches of Poverty in the Fashion of the 1990s. // Textile & Text, 1992, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 3 — 12. Sources [ edit ] Brunette P., Wills D. Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Cunningham B. Fashion du Siècle // Details, 1990, No. 8. pp. 177–300. Koda H. Rei Kawakubo and the Aesthetic of Poverty / Costume: Journal of Costume Society of America, 1985, No. 11, pp. 5–10. Martin R., Koda H. Infra-Apparel. [Exhibition catalogue]. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. O'Shea S. La mode Destroy // Vogue (Paris), 1992, May. O'Shea S. 1991. Recycling: An All-New Fabrication of Style // Elle, 1991, No. 2, pp. 234–239. Further reading [ edit ] Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2001. 144 p. Martin R. Destitution and Deconstruction: The Riches of Poverty in the Fashion of the 1990s. // Textile & Text, 1992, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 3 – 12. McLeod M. Undressing Architecture: Fashion, Gender, and Modernity // Architecture: In Fashion / Ed. by D. Fausch et al. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. Granata F. Deconstruction and the Grotesque: Martin Margiela / Experimental Fashion: Performance Art, Carnival and the Grotesque Body. London — New York, I.B.Tauris: 2017. p. 74 — 102. Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. pp. 25–49. Gill A. Jacques Derrida: fashion under erasure. / A. Rocamora & A. Smelik (Eds.), Thinking Through Fashion: A Guide to Key Theorists. London: I.B. 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Argentine model and artist Mica Argañaraz Argañaraz in 2019 Born Micaela Argañaraz ( 1992-05-16 ) 16 May 1992 (age 32) Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) Years active 2012–present Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency Tomorrow Is Another Day Management (New York) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (Paris, London, Barcelona) Why Not Model Management (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Management) (Milan) LO Management (Buenos Aires) [2] (#cite_note-2) Micaela " Mica " Argañaraz [3] (#cite_note-3) (born 16 May 1992) is an Argentine (/wiki/Argentines) model and artist. [4] (#cite_note-4) She is best known for being a Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and a Versace (/wiki/Versace) muse, having been referred to as an it girl (/wiki/It_girl) and "fashion force to be reckoned with". [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) She is currently ranked as an "Industry Icon" by models.com. [9] (#cite_note-9) Early life and career [ edit ] Argañaraz was born in 1992 in Buenos Aires to Gloria Ebbeke, a photographer. Her father is an agricultural producer. She has a brother named Rafael "Rafa", who is a cinematographer, and two sisters, Milagros, who works as a yoga instructor, and Ximena "Xime", who is also a model. [10] (#cite_note-10) Before modeling, Argañaraz studied cinematography. [11] (#cite_note-11) At the age of two she went to live in the fields of the Laprida (/wiki/Laprida,_Buenos_Aires) district, near Olavarría (/wiki/Olavarr%C3%ADa) . Argañaraz and her siblings attended a rural school and in the afternoons Mica took art classes. At 14, she moved to Olavarría because there was no secondary school in the country. [12] (#cite_note-12) Argañaraz was scouted in the street, but since she was still in school she decided not to pursue a career in modeling. While attending university, Argañaraz sent polaroids to the Buenos Aires agency LO and they called her for a meeting. [13] (#cite_note-13) Argañaraz began her career in 2012, walking for Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) and appearing in the Spanish and Italian editions of Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) and Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) respectively. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2014, Argañaraz starred Prada Fall/Winter womanswear campaign. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2015 she opened the Versace Fall/Winter show and walked 61 shows that season. For the next season Spring/Summer 2016 she walked in 55 shows opening and closing five of them (including for Chanel), and in that same season she appeared in the Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) campaign with Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) and other models like Lexi Boling (/wiki/Lexi_Boling) and Aymeline Valade (/wiki/Aymeline_Valade) . In 2016 during the Haute Couture Chanel Collection, Argañaraz was presented as the "Chanel Bride". By 2017 she appeared in the Versace Fall/Winter campaign next to Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , Vittoria Ceretti (/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti) , and Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) . She also starred in the Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) campaign in 2018. In April, Argañaraz appeared on the inaugural cover of L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) in her native Argentina. In 2020, she opened her second Versace (/wiki/Versace) show in the Spring/Summer 2021 season. She has been on the cover of British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) , [18] (#cite_note-18) Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , [19] (#cite_note-19) Vogue Brasil, Vogue Japan, Vogue China (/wiki/Vogue_China) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , Vogue Germany, Vogue Russia, and Vogue Ukraine (/wiki/Vogue_Ukraine) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In advertising campaigns, she has modeled for Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Mango (/wiki/Mango_(clothing)) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , and Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) . [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) On the runway, she has walked for designers including Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , [24] (#cite_note-24) Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , [25] (#cite_note-25) Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) , Altuzarra (/wiki/Altuzarra) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) She has frequently been compared to supermodel Gia Carangi (/wiki/Gia_Carangi) , who Argañaraz considers a beauty icon. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Personal life [ edit ] Argañaraz is a painter, plays the guitar, and practices meditation. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) She lives in Paris, France. [33] (#cite_note-33) Argañaraz was in a relationship with British photographer Jamie Hawkesworth (/wiki/Jamie_Hawkesworth) from 2014 to 2017. [34] (#cite_note-34) Since 2023, she has been in a relationship with director and photographer Francisco Canton. Filmography [ edit ] Films Year Title Role Notes 2019 Lux Æterna (/wiki/Lux_%C3%86terna_(film)) Mica 2020 Saint Laurent - Summer of '21 [35] (#cite_note-35) Herself Short film References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-fmd_1-0) Mica Argañaraz (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Mica_Arganaraz/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mica Argañaraz - Model" (https://models.com/models/mica-arganaraz) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mica Argañaraz, la chica argentina que creció el campo y hoy es una de las mejores top models del mundo" (https://www.clarin.com/viva/mica-arganaraz-chica-argentina-crecio-campo-hoy-mejores-top-models-mundo_0_Qe4luNTFv.amp.html) . Clarin.com (in Spanish). Propietario Arte Gráfico Editorial Argentino S.A. 19 March 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pentelow, Orla (26 July 2017). "When Vogue Met Mica" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/mica-arganaraz-interview-vogue-cover) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet new Prada muse Mica Arganaraz" (http://www.elle.com.au/fashion/meet-new-prada-muse-mica-arganaraz-1943) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "prada muse and i-D cover star mica arganaraz quotes bob dylan as her new year's resolution" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/prada-muse-and-i-d-cover-star-mica-arganaraz-quotes-bob-dylan-as-her-new-years-resolution) . 8 January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bateman, Kristen (12 July 2016). "Why Mica Arganaraz Is One to Watch (and Our Hair Muse)" (https://www.allure.com/story/mica-arganaraz-model-alexander-mcqueen) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Beautiful People 2015: Models" (http://www.papermag.com/beautiful-people-2015-models-1427558337.html) . 24 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Industry Icons" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/IndustryIcons-All/12553#12553) . models.com. When Mica first sauntered onto the runway and into our hearts, she right away was landing the best bookings imaginable with her effortlessly sultry looks. Since then the YSL, Prada, and Calvin Klein muse has been the talk of the town appearing in 10 international Vogues and cementing her status as Argentina's finest. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Mica Argañaraz: "I'd ask Rihanna to send me some nudes!" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/xgqznj/mica-arganaraz-interview-rihannazine-rihanna) " (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/xgqznj/mica-arganaraz-interview-rihannazine-rihanna) . 20 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Meet Mica Argañaraz: This year's cool-girl model" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a39367/meet-mica-arganaraz-this-years-cool-girl-model/) . 16 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Mica Argañaraz - Argentinian Model and Artist" (https://www.brspecial.com/argentinian-fashion-model-and-artist-mica-arganaraz.shtml) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Mica Arganaraz is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/mica-arganaraz) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Meet Mica Argañaraz: this year's cool-girl model" (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a39367/meet-mica-arganaraz-this-years-cool-girl-model/) . 16 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Mica (Elle Italia)" (https://models.com/work/elle-italia-mica) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Viaje en el Tiempo (Glamour Spain)" (https://models.com/work/glamour-spain-viaje-en-el-tiempo) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "FW 2014 woman" (https://www.prada.com/br/pt/pradasphere/campaigns/2014/fw-woman.html/) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Vogue (5 July 2017). "Meet Our August Cover Star" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/august-vogue-cover-reveal-mica-arganaraz) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Sneak Peek to our April 2016 issue - Vogue.it" (http://www.vogue.it/moda/cover-fashion-stories/2016/04/11/anteprima-cover-vogue-italia-aprile-2016/) . 11 April 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "StackPath" (https://models.com/work/vogue-ukraine-december-2021cover/1615429) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD -. "Mica Arganaraz - Gallery with 26 ads and campaigns - Fashion Model - Models - The FMD - Page 1" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/mica_arganaraz/ads/1/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Rianne Van Rompaey y Mica Arganaraz protagonistas de la campaña más boho chic de H&M" (http://www.estendencia.es/2016/rianne-van-rompaey-mica-arganaraz-protagonistas-la-campana-mas-boho-chic-hm-56642/) . www.estendencia.es . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Why We've Fallen For Model Of The Moment, Mica Arganaraz" (https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/how-to/model-moment-mica-arganaraz/) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "It's Kendall vs. Karlie in Paris's Model Walk-Off!" (https://www.vogue.com/article/paris-fashion-week-spring-2017-model-walk-off) . 5 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "7 Things to Know About Fendi's Couture Show in Rome" (https://www.vogue.com/article/fendi-couture-fall-2016-show-in-rome) . 7 July 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "10 Top Models Who Rocked the Runways of NYFW" (https://gotham-magazine.com/new-york-fashion-week-top-models) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Remsen, Nick (10 September 2016). "Lacoste Spring 2017 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2017-ready-to-wear/lacoste) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "The Cool-Girl Shag: How a Messy Hybrid Haircut Became the Runway Look of the Moment" (https://www.vogue.com/article/shaggy-hair-models-grace-hartzel-mica-arganaraz) . 18 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-29) Baring, Cosima (July 2016). "Mica Arganaraz's perfect summer" (https://www.vogue.fr/lifestyle/travel/diaporama/mica-arganarazs-perfect-summer/35325) . Vogue Paris (in French) . Retrieved 2021-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Mica Arganaraz Drinks Lots of Water, Smokes Cigarettes" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/mica-arganaraz-hair-model) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2021-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Meet Mica Argañaraz: this year's cool-girl model" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a39367/meet-mica-arganaraz-this-years-cool-girl-model/) . 16 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Adorante, Mia. "Mica Arganaraz Drinks Lots of Water, Smokes Cigarettes" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/mica-arganaraz-hair-model) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Mica Arganaraz's top 10 Paris addresses" (https://www.vogue.fr/lifestyle/travel/diaporama/mica-arganarazs-top-10-paris-addresses/23453) . Vogue Paris . Les Publications Condé Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "@jamie.hawkesworth on Instagram: "feliz cumpleaños a la mujer que amo @micarganaraz" (https://www.instagram.com/p/BUKGx5dDsAO/?igshid=1mcj7qzj5yec2) " (https://www.instagram.com/p/BUKGx5dDsAO/?igshid=1mcj7qzj5yec2) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Walsh, Savannah (2020-12-30). "Saint Laurent's New Short Film Will Transport You to Summer '21" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/trend-reports/a35098262/yves-saint-laurent-summer-21-short-film/) . ELLE . Retrieved 2021-09-26 . 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American company Parts of this article (those related to fate of business operations after bankruptcy) need to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( April 2019 ) Nine West Holdings Company type Private Industry Fashion Founder Sidney Kimmel (/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States Number of employees 6,000 Nine West Holdings (formerly The Jones Group and Jones Apparel Group ) is an American designer, marketer and wholesaler of branded (/wiki/Brand) clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , shoes and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . In 2019, the company restructured under the new name Premier Brands Group Holdings Llc. [1] (#cite_note-1) Operations [ edit ] Nine West Holding headquarters are in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . The company also markets directly to consumers through their chain of specialty retail and value-based stores. In addition, it markets costume jewelry (/wiki/Costume_jewelry) under the Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) brand licensed from Givenchy Corporation and footwear under the Dockers Women brand licensed from Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] In 1970, Sidney Kimmel (/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel) founded and became President of the Jones Apparel Division [ further explanation needed ] of W.R. Grace & Co (/wiki/W._R._Grace_and_Company) . Together with Grace accountant Gerard Rubin, Kimmel bought Grace's fashion division in 1975, incorporating it as Jones Apparel Group. Jones expanded quickly by bringing out new labels and licensing others, such as Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) . [ citation needed ] In the early 1980s, Jones Apparel offered the sweatsuit fashions of Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) , and in 1984 they acquired the license for the Gloria Vanderbilt line from Murjani. [ citation needed ] In the early 1990s, the company expanded with new lines Rena Rowan and Jones & Co. [ citation needed ] In 2004, the company purchased luxury department store chain Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) for $400 million, and sold it, in September 2007, to Dubai-based investment firm Istithmar (/wiki/Istithmar_World) for $942.3 million. [ citation needed ] In December 2013, Sycamore Partners (/wiki/Sycamore_Partners) , which is managed by Stefan L. Kaluzny, purchased the Jones Group for about US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 2.2 billion. [2] (#cite_note-Sycamore_to_Buy_The_Jones_Group_in_$2.2B_Deal-2) [3] (#cite_note-Sycamore_Completes_Acquisition_of_The_Jones_Group-3) Wesley Card is the CEO of The Jones Group. [3] (#cite_note-Sycamore_Completes_Acquisition_of_The_Jones_Group-3) In 2014, Sycamore split Jones into six different companies: Nine West Group, One Jeanswear Group, Jones New York, the Kasper Group, Stuart Weitzman and Kurt Geiger. The Jones Group was renamed Nine West Holdings and became parent to Nine West Group and One Jeanswear Group. [4] (#cite_note-4) Later in 2014, Anne Klein, Easy Spirit and NW Jewelry Group were split into separate operating companies of Nine West. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2014, Brian Atwood was sold to Steve Madden (/wiki/Steve_Madden) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2015, Stuart Weitzman (/wiki/Stuart_Weitzman) was sold to Coach (/wiki/Coach,_Inc.) and Jones New York was sold to Authentic Brands Group (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In December 2016, Easy Spirit was sold to Marc Fisher Footwear. [9] (#cite_note-9) The Kasper Group was then purchased and incorporated under the parent company Nine West Holdings in January 2017. [10] (#cite_note-10) In January 2017, the company appointed Joel Oblonsky as the CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of the company. [11] (#cite_note-11) Bankruptcy [ edit ] Nine West Holdings filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy) in April 2018. [12] (#cite_note-12) In July 2018, the namesake Nine West brand, as well as the Bandolino shoe brand, were sold to Authentic Brands Group (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Bondholders have accused Sycamore Partners (/wiki/Sycamore_Partners) , the private equity firm (/wiki/Private_equity_firm) that purchased Nine West Holdings in 2014, of carving out valuable company assets to sell to itself, thus ensuring a profit for the fund even as the company itself headed toward bankruptcy, and argue that the company could be hurt if Sycamore-owned department store chain Belk (/wiki/Belk) threatens to refuse to buy from the company if the bankruptcy settlement isn't approved. [14] (#cite_note-14) The company emerged from bankruptcy in March 2019 and renamed itself Premier Brands Group. [15] (#cite_note-15) Divisions include One Jeanswear Group, The Jewelry Group, Kasper Group and Anne Klein. Brands [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nine_West_Holdings) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Nine West Holdings" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nine+West+Holdings%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Nine West Holdings' brands include: Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Bandolino (sold to Authentic Brands Group in 2018) Nine West (/wiki/Nine_West) (sold to Authentic Brands Group in 2018) Enzo Angiolini Circa Joan & David The Jewelry Group (Formerly NW Jewelry) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Jewelry Judith Jack Napier (/wiki/Napier_Company_(jewellery)) ONE Jeanswear Group Energie Gloria Vanderbilt GLO Jeans Jessica Simpson Jeanswear l.e.i. (/wiki/L.e.i._(clothing_company)) Bandolino The Kasper Group [16] (#cite_note-16) Albert Nipon Anne Klein Evan Picone Kasper Le Suit Nine West Martha Stewart Daisy Fuentes Skinny Girl References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashion company Nine West emerges from bankruptcy as 'Premier Brands' (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ninewest-bankruptcy-idUSKCN1R127X) " (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ninewest-bankruptcy-idUSKCN1R127X) . Reuters . 2019-03-20 . Retrieved 2021-04-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sycamore_to_Buy_The_Jones_Group_in_$2.2B_Deal_2-0) Clark, Evan (19 December 2013). "Sycamore to Buy The Jones Group in $2.2B Deal" (http://www.wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/sycamore-to-buy-jones-7321419?src=nl/mornReport/20131220) . WWD . Retrieved 20 December 2013 . ^ a b "Sycamore Completes Acquisition of The Jones Group" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/done-deal-7634484?src=nl/mornReport/20140409) . WWD. 9 April 2014 . Retrieved 9 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sycamore Partners Establishes Four Additional Independent Companies in Organizational Realignment of The Jones Group (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sycamore-partners-establishes-four-additional-independent-companies-in-organizational-realignment-of-the-jones-group-255408201.html) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sycamore’s Nine West Footwear Group to Split Into Four Companies (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-05/sycamore-s-nine-west-footwear-group-to-split-into-four-companies) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Steve Madden Acquires Brian Atwood (http://fashionista.com/2014/03/steve-madden-brian-atwood) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Coach Expands Luxury Fashion Brand Buying Shoemaker Stuart Weitzman (https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/coach-to-buy-luxury-shoemaker-stuart-weitzman-for-up-to-574-million/) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Jones New York finds a new home (https://www.internetretailer.com/2015/04/23/jones-new-york-finds-new-home) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Marc Fisher Footwear Snaps up the Easy Spirit Brand" (http://footwearnews.com/2017/business/mergers-acquisitions/marc-fisher-footwear-buys-easy-spirit-brand-shoes-fashion-industry-merger-acquisition-291358/) . 3 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Inc., Nine West Holdings. "Nine West Holdings to Acquire the Kasper Group" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nine-west-holdings-to-acquire-the-kasper-group-300392187.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved 2017-01-27 . {{ cite press release (/wiki/Template:Cite_press_release) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Butler-Young, Sheena (2017-01-31). "Industry Moves: January 2017" (http://footwearnews.com/2017/business/executive-moves/fashion-shoes-industry-moves-january-2017-291428/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2018-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ducharme, James (2018-04-06). "Nine West Holdings Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy" (http://fortune.com/2018/04/06/nine-west-bankruptcy/) . Fortune . Retrieved 2019-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) DiNapoli, Jessica (2018-06-11). "Authentic Brands beats DSW in auction for Nine West: sources" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ninewest-m-a-authentic-brands/authentic-brands-beats-dsw-in-auction-for-nine-west-sources-idUSKBN1J70D9) . Reuters . Retrieved 2019-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Howland, Daphne (2019-01-17). "Nine West bondholders object to Sycamore settlement" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/federal-regulators-object-to-nine-west-bankruptcy-plan/546279/) . Retail Dive . Retrieved 2019-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Howland, Daphne (2019-03-21). "Nine West Holdings rebrands in Ch. 11 exit" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/nine-west-holdings-rebrands-in-ch-11-exit/551006/) . Retail Dive . Retrieved 2019-06-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "OUR BRANDS" (http://kasper.com/index.php/ourbrands/) . The Kasper Group . Retrieved 2017-01-27 . External links [ edit ] Former official websites Jones Apparel Group (https://web.archive.org/web/20100103010032/http://jonesapparel.com/) at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (archived 2010-01-03) The Jones Group (https://web.archive.org/web/20140208004524/http://www.jonesgroupinc.com/) at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (archived 2014-02-08) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐mz766 Cached time: 20240709023322 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.343 seconds Real time usage: 0.484 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2924/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 60930/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9619/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48422/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.209/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7199302/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 444.572 1 -total 31.80% 141.380 1 Template:Reflist 21.92% 97.463 5 Template:Cite_news 17.98% 79.949 12 Template:Main_other 17.21% 76.522 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.01% 75.625 2 Template:Ambox 15.40% 68.454 1 Template:Infobox 14.98% 66.595 1 Template:Short_description 14.66% 65.196 1 Template:Update 13.69% 60.864 5 Template:Citation_needed_span Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4560665-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709023322 and revision id 1184367566. 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Italian entrepreneur This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Claudio_Marenzi) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Claudio_Marenzi) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Claudio Marenzi" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Claudio+Marenzi%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article has an unclear citation style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style) . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) and footnoting (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Claudio_Marenzi&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Claudio+Marenzi&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Claudio+Marenzi) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Claudio_Marenzi) for suggestions. ( April 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Claudio Marenzi (born February 10, 1962, in Arona (/wiki/Arona,_Piedmont) ) [ citation needed ] is an Italian entrepreneur, currently serving as President of Herno Spa and President and CEO of Montura Spa. Claudio Marenzi Born ( 1962-02-10 ) February 10, 1962 (age 62) Arona Nationality Italian Occupation Entrepreneur Biography [ edit ] Claudio is the third son of Giuseppe Marenzi, founder of Herno Spa in 1948 along with his wife Alessandra Diana. He began working in the family business at a young age, holding positions in various departments, such as Operations Director and Commercial Director for the foreign market, focusing particularly on the Japanese market, where Herno has been present since 1968. In 2007, he was appointed CEO of Herno Spa, and in 2011, he also assumed the role of President. Since then, he has worked to expand the brand's international presence. Marenzi has always emphasized the importance of the connection with the local area, particularly with Lesa and the Piedmont shore of Lake Maggiore (/wiki/Lake_Maggiore) , while maintaining creative and production control and valuing functionality as well as aesthetics in Herno's products. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Under his leadership, Herno has seen steady growth, recording a turnover of 153 million in 2022. [3] (#cite_note-3) From 2013 to 2018, he served as President of Sistema Moda Italia. He was also President of Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) from 2017 to 2023. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Moreover, from March 2017 to July 2020, he was President of Confindustria Moda, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) an organization that has worked to promote and protect the excellence of the Italian fashion, textile, and accessory sector on global markets. Acquisition of Montura [ edit ] In 2021, he acquired 55% of Montura, thus becoming president and CEO of the company. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Awards [ edit ] In 2016, the President of the Italian Republic Sergio Mattarella (/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella) conferred upon Claudio Marenzi the honor of Cavaliere del Lavoro. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Two years later, in 2018, he received the Leonardo "Quality Italy" Award. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Doig, Stephen. "Rainmaker: How the king of coats ensures his business is sheltered from the storms of 2020". Luxury (The Telegraph) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fiori, Federica. "Becoming Claudio - When fashion becomes eco: innovation, sustainability, and vision. The success secret of Mr. Herno and his vision of the world to come #restartfromhere". Elle . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Passeri, Elena (January 12, 2023). "Herno expands its flagship in Paris and closes 2022 at 155 million" (https://it.fashionnetwork.com/news/Herno-expands-its-flagship-in-Paris-and-closes-2022-at-155-million,1475067.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20global%20turnover%20of%20the%20company,matters%20prime%20and%20l%27approvvigionamento.) . Fashion Network . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Desiderio, Eva. "A recovery in fashion". Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pieraccini, Silvia. "It is the stage also for SMEs" (https://st.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2017-06-13/e-palcoscenico-anche-le-pmi--172449.shtml) . Il Sole 24 Ore . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ferrè, Giusi. "United fashion does not suffer". L'economia (Corriere della Sera). ^ (#cite_ref-7) Morello, Marco (January 15, 2021). "Herno: interview with President and CEO Claudio Marenzi" (https://www.vogue.it/moda/article/herno-intervista-presidente-ceo-claudio-marenzi) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Confindustria Moda is born, president Cav. Lav. Claudio Marenzi" (https://www.cavalieridellavoro.it/confindustria-moda-is-born-president-cav-lav-marenzi/) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Official baptism for Confindustria Moda. Claudio Marenzi president" (https://www.italiaoggi.it/news/official-baptism-for-confindustria-moda-claudio-marenzi-president-201703281448363953) . Italia Oggi . March 28, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Marenzi: "United with Camera della Moda we will have more weight in front of the institutions" (https://www.fashionmagazine.it/business/speaks-the-outgoing-president-of-confindustria-moda-marenzi-united-with-camera-della-moda-we-will-have-more-weight-in-front-of-the-institutions-105203) " (https://www.fashionmagazine.it/business/speaks-the-outgoing-president-of-confindustria-moda-marenzi-united-with-camera-della-moda-we-will-have-more-weight-in-front-of-the-institutions-105203) . Fashion Magazine . May 11, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fashion: Herno acquires the Montura brand" (https://www.ansa.it/lombardia/notizie/2021/11/30/fashion-herno-acquires-the-montura-brand_c373df08-9763-4dea-b082-93ebbaf55b38.html) . Ansa . November 30, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Bigozzi, Andrea. " "Herno and Montura? In fashion still many possibilities. Never stop looking forward." ". Fashion Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Herno acquires Montura and enters the active sport segment" (https://askanews.it/old/op.php?file=/senza-categoria/2021/11/30/herno-acquires-montura-and-enters-the-active-sport-segment) . Askanews . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Bayer, Tobias (January 5, 2022). "Outdoor must be occupied" (https://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/sports/tw-interview-with-herno-ceo-claudio-marenzi-outdoor-must-be-occupied-234018) . TextilWirtschaft . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Franzese, Patrizia (November 15, 2016). "Claudio Marenzi appointed Knight of Labor" (https://it.fashionnetwork.com/news/claudio-marenzi-appointed-knight-of-labor,753288.html) . Fashion Network . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Two fashion entrepreneurs go up to the hill: Marenzi and Colombo Knights of Labor" (https://www.fashionmagazine.it/business/awards-Two-fashion-entrepreneurs-go-up-to-the-hill-Marenzi-and-Colombo-Knights-of-Labor-71229#:~:text=There%20are%20also%20two%20characters,president%20of%20Lanificio%20Luigi%20Colombo.) . FashionMagazine . June 1, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Redaelli, Letizia (June 1, 2016). "Marenzi is Knight of Labor" (https://www.pambianconews.com/2016/06/01/marenzi-and-knight-of-labor-196989/) . Pambianco News . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Sacchi, Maria Silvia (February 27, 2018). "Marenzi: Europe of brands has (re)discovered the Italian engine" (https://www.corriere.it/economia/leconomia/18_febbraio_27/marenzi-europe-of-brands-has-(re)discovered-the-italian-engine-af373632-1ba1-11e8-812e-cc191dd87fa8.shtml) . Corriere della Sera . ^ (#cite_ref-19) APCOM (February 27, 2018). "leonardo-quality-italy"-award-,952286.html "Claudio Marenzi (Herno) receives the "Leonardo Quality Italy" award" (https://it.fashionnetwork.com/news/claudio-marenzi-(herno)-receives-the-) . Fashion Network . 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This is a list of Fall 2008 (/wiki/Fall_2008_fashion_weeks) New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . This list includes shows on the official schedule (https://web.archive.org/web/20080204021815/http://www.mbfashionweek.com/newyork/fall2008/schedule/index.html) ( [a] ^ ) and those reviewed (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/runwayshows/index.html) at style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ( [b] ^ ). Clothing line Date Notes Link 3.1 Phillip Lim (/wiki/3.1_Phillip_Lim) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Abaeté (/wiki/Abaet%C3%A9_(clothing)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 2 A gray palette inspired by medieval armor. Understated (even "anonymous"), commercially appealing clothing. [1] (#cite_note-1) [1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110052/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/ABAETE) Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 ADAM (/wiki/Adam_Lippes) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 3 A Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) -esque collection of hand-knit sweaters and other country-style clothing. [2] (#cite_note-2) [2] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207084058/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/ADAMEVE) Akiko Ogawa (/w/index.php?title=Akiko_Ogawa&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 2 Mixed masculine and feminine "sexy-tough" pieces, with oversized garments paired with slim-fitting, slinky ones. The show included the designer's eveningwear debut as well as a collection of bags. [3] (#cite_note-3) [3] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110102/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/AWANG) Alexandre Herchcovitch (/wiki/Alexandre_Herchcovitch) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 2 A geometry-inspired, architectural collection. Elements of "sixties futurism and boxy menswear-inflected tailoring". [4] (#cite_note-4) [4] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110057/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/AHERCHCO) Angel Sanchez (/wiki/Angel_Sanchez_(designer)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Anne Bowen (/w/index.php?title=Anne_Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Araks (/w/index.php?title=Araks_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 1 The collection was more mature-looking than in previous seasons, with neutral colors, jersey dresses, and crisp tailoring. Most looks were cinched with tough-looking belts. [5] (#cite_note-5) [5] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206112007/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/BCBG) Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Boy (/w/index.php?title=Boy_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) by Band of Outsiders (/w/index.php?title=Band_of_Outsiders_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) January 31 Schoolgirl style with Scottish inspiration. Romantic touches, including luxurious coats. The show was a presentation set in a "1940s living room that looked like it had been invaded by a Scottish forest". [6] (#cite_note-6) [6] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206112018/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/BOUT) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Carlos Miele (/wiki/Carlos_Miele) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Carmen Marc Volvo (/w/index.php?title=Carmen_Marc_Volvo&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Charles Nolan (/wiki/Charles_Nolan) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 3 A collection influenced by Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) and Jackie Kennedy (/wiki/Jackie_Kennedy) , with 18th-century mesh and taffeta mixed with 1960s coats and suits. [7] (#cite_note-7) [7] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207084722/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/CNOLAN) Chris Han (/w/index.php?title=Chris_Han&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Costello Tagliapietra (/wiki/Costello_Tagliapietra) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 2 Draped dresses influenced by 1940s film noir and the dark fairy-tale illustrations of Arthur Rackham (/wiki/Arthur_Rackham) and Gustaf Tenggren (/wiki/Gustaf_Tenggren) . The waist is emphasized. [8] (#cite_note-8) [8] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110108/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/COSTTAG) Custo Barcelona (/wiki/Custo_Barcelona) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Cynthia Steffe (/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Steffe&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Dennis Basso (/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Basso&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 3 1940s-influenced tailored clothing, mainly separates. [9] (#cite_note-9) [9] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207153638/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/DVFURSTE) Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_S.p.A.) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 3 Self-described "Eclectic Glamour," with a boisterous combination of color, textures, various knits. Many 1960s babydoll dresses. [10] (#cite_note-10) [10] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207153630/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/DKNY) Donna Karan Collection (/wiki/Donna_Karan_Collection) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Douglas Hannant (/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Hannant&action=edit&redlink=1) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 1 A feminine collection that was alternately slim-fitting and voluminous. A mix of fabrics, from tactile boucle to plain wool. [11] (#cite_note-11) [11] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206115526/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/DHANNANT) Duckie Brown (/wiki/Duckie_Brown) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Elie Tahari (/wiki/Elie_Tahari) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) January 31 Chunky knitted sweaters cinched at the waist and paired with full pants. A mix of masculine and feminine looks. [12] (#cite_note-12) [12] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206114453/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/ETAHARI) Erin Fetherston (/wiki/Erin_Fetherston) [a] (#endnote_Anone) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) February 1 Youthful, girly looks including drop-waist and bell-skirted dresses. [13] (#cite_note-13) [13] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206115531/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/EFETH) Hervé Léger (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_L%C3%A9ger) [a] (#endnote_Anone) by Max Azria (/wiki/Max_Azria) February 3 The first half of the show featured Leger's classic bandage dresses with a definite Azria signature of beads, feathers, or similar adornments. The second half showcased more archetypal bandage minidresses in jewel tones. [14] (#cite_note-14) [14] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207084732/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/HLEGER) Iodice (/w/index.php?title=Iodice&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Jayson Brunsdon (/w/index.php?title=Jayson_Brunsdon&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Jill Stuart (/wiki/Jill_Stuart) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Joanna Mastroianni (/w/index.php?title=Joanna_Mastroianni&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Juan Carlos Obando (/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_Obando&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Lela Rose (/wiki/Lela_Rose) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Mara Hoffman (/w/index.php?title=Mara_Hoffman&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Matthew Williamson (/wiki/Matthew_Williamson) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Max Azria (/wiki/Max_Azria) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Milly (/w/index.php?title=Milly_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) by Michelle Smith (/w/index.php?title=Michelle_Smith_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Miss Sixty (/wiki/Miss_Sixty) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Monique Lhuillier (/wiki/Monique_Lhuillier) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Na Be (/w/index.php?title=Na_Be&action=edit&redlink=1) by Victorya Hong (/w/index.php?title=Victorya_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Naeem Khan (/wiki/Naeem_Khan) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Nanette Lepore (/wiki/Nanette_Lepore) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Nautica (/wiki/Nautica_(clothing_company)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Pamella Rolan (/w/index.php?title=Pamella_Rolan&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Peter Som (/wiki/Peter_Som) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Ports 1961 (/wiki/Ports_1961) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_4)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 R. Scott French (/w/index.php?title=R._Scott_French&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 4 Rachel Roy (/wiki/Rachel_Roy) [b] (#endnote_Bnone) January 31 Native American and Colonial influences, with a "mix of rawness and polish". [15] (#cite_note-15) [15] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110118/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/complete/thumb/RROY) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Rebecca Taylor (/wiki/Rebecca_Taylor) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Reem Acra (/wiki/Reem_Acra) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Richard Chai (/wiki/Richard_Chai) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Rock & Republic (/wiki/Rock_%26_Republic) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Rubin Singer (/wiki/Rubin_Singer) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Sass & Bide [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Sean John (/wiki/Sean_John) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Tadashi Shoji (/wiki/Tadashi_Shoji) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Temperley London (/wiki/Temperley_London) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 6 Terexov (/w/index.php?title=Terexov&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Tibi (/w/index.php?title=Tibi_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Tony Cohen (/w/index.php?title=Tony_Cohen_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Tracy Reese (/wiki/Tracy_Reese) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Tuleh (/w/index.php?title=Tuleh&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Twinkle (/w/index.php?title=Twinkle_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) by Wenlan (/wiki/Wenlan_Chia) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Venexiana (/w/index.php?title=Venexiana&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) Lavender Label [b] (#endnote_Bnone) January 31 Inaugural runway show for Wang's lower-priced collection. 1950s and 1960s influences, with classic or even retro clothing. More modern draped dresses drew from the style of Wang's signature collection. [16] (#cite_note-16) [16] (https://web.archive.org/web/20080206110339/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/VWLAV) Verrier (/wiki/Verrier) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Vivienne Tam (/wiki/Vivienne_Tam) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 5 Willow (/w/index.php?title=Willow_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 Y-3 (/wiki/Y-3_(fashion_brand)) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 3 Yeohlee (/wiki/Yeohlee) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Yigal Azrouel (/wiki/Yigal_Azrouel) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 1 Z Zegna (/w/index.php?title=Z_Zegna&action=edit&redlink=1) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 2 Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 7 Zang Toi [a] (#endnote_Anone) February 8 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/ABAETE) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Borrelli-Persson, Laird. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/ADAMEVE) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/AWANG) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/AHERCHCO) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/BCBG) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Phelps, Nicole. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/BOUT) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/CNOLAN) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Borrelli-Persson, Laird. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/COSTTAG) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Phelps, Nicole. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/DVFURSTE) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/DKNY) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Mistry, Meenal. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/DHANNANT) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-12) Borrelli-Persson, Laird. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/ETAHARI) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Phelps, Nicole. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/EFETH) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Borrelli-Persson, Laird. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/HLEGER) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Phelps, Nicole. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/F2008RTW/review/RROY) Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Phelps, Nicole. "List of Fall 2008 New York Fashion Week fashion shows Runway Review (Fall 2008)." 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(Redirected from Rhianna Atwood (/w/index.php?title=Rhianna_Atwood&redirect=no) ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . 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Find sources: "America's Next Top Model season 15" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22America%27s+Next+Top+Model+season+15%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Season of television series America's Next Top Model Season 15 Judges Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) No. of contestants 14 Winner Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) No. of episodes 13 Release Original network The CW (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) Original release September 8 ( 2010-09-08 ) – December 1, 2010 ( 2010-12-01 ) Additional information Filming dates June 8 ( 2010-06-08 ) – July 18, 2010 ( 2010-07-18 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) Next → Season 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) List of episodes (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) The fifteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) premiered on September 8, 2010 and was the ninth cycle to be aired on The CW network (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) . [1] (#cite_note-RTW-1) Several changes were made to the show in a bid to place greater emphasis on high fashion, including a lineup of prominent fashion industry guest judges and photographers as well as a change in prizes. All three permanent judges from the previous cycle, Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editor-at-large André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) , photographer Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) and Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , remained in place. The prizes for this cycle included a modeling contract with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) , a fashion spread in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and both the cover and a spread (/wiki/Spread_(typography)) in Beauty In Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , along with an editorial feature on Vogue.it , and a US$ 100,000 contract with CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) cosmetics. The international destinations for this cycle are Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Como (/wiki/Como) , all in Italy (/wiki/Italy) . The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) from Dallas, Texas (/wiki/Dallas,_Texas) with Chelsey Hersley placing as the runner up. [2] (#cite_note-2) Cast Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) [3] (#cite_note-3) Contestant Age Height Hometown Finish Place Anamaria Mirdita 18 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Queens, New York (/wiki/Queens) Episode 2 14 Terra White 24 5 ft 8.5 in (1.74 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 3 13 Sara Blackamore 21 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Menifee, California (/wiki/Menifee,_California) 12 Rhianna Atwood 20 6 ft 1.5 in (1.87 m) San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) Episode 4 11 Alexia 'Lexie' Tomchek 18 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Geneva, Illinois (/wiki/Geneva,_Illinois) Episode 5 10 Kacey Leggett 20 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Palmdale, California (/wiki/Palmdale,_California) Episode 6 9 Kendal Brown 23 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) Northport, Alabama (/wiki/Northport,_Alabama) Episode 7 8 Esther Petrack 18 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston) Episode 8 7 Lyzbeth 'Liz' Williams 21 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 9 6 Christin 'Chris' White 20 5 ft 10.5 in (1.79 m) Arlington, Texas (/wiki/Arlington,_Texas) Episode 10 5 Kayla Ferrel 19 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Rockford, Illinois (/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois) Episode 11 4–3 Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) 19 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Baltimore, Maryland (/wiki/Baltimore) Chelsey Hersley 22 5 ft 10.75 in (1.80 m) Boise, Idaho (/wiki/Boise,_Idaho) Episode 13 2 Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) 19 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Dallas, Texas (/wiki/Dallas,_Texas) 1 Judges Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) Other cast members J. Alexander – runway coach Jay Manuel – creative director Episodes No. overall No. in season Title Original air date US viewers (millions) 174 1 "Welcome to High Fashion" September 15, 2010 ( 2010-09-15 ) 2.88 [4] (#cite_note-Premiere15-4) 32 semi-finalists arrived in Los Angeles, California to begin the fifteenth cycle. Contestants included sisters Chris and Terra – the first sibling contestants since Amanda and Michelle ( cycle 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) ). Kacey, who had been a semi-finalist from cycle 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) , and Vanessa Johnston, Miss Minnesota Teen USA (/wiki/Miss_Minnesota_Teen_USA) 2009. Some notable participants shortly after the episode began. The girls met Mr. & Ms. J in Palm Springs; later, they met Tyra. Their first challenge was a runway walk modeling clothes from Cynthia Rowley. The girls were split into categories as defined by the fashion industry – "quirky," "sexy," "strong bone structure," "browns," "blonds" and "brunettes" – and were tasked to stand out from their competition. Tensions rose when Kacey instigated Lexie to verbalize Jordan's supposed lack of desire for the competition, when it was in fact, just a misunderstanding, causing Lexie to be deemed malicious by some of the girls. Also, Emily was questionably accused of being a racist. Later, the interviews commenced, and the group was pared down to 20 who moved on to a Cynthia Rowley garden party where they were paired up for a photo shoot. Later that night, the final 14 girls were chosen. Special guest: Cynthia Rowley (/wiki/Cynthia_Rowley) 175 2 "Diane von Furstenberg" September 15, 2010 ( 2010-09-15 ) 2.88 [4] (#cite_note-Premiere15-4) The chosen 14 girls arrived at Venice Beach, California, where they met Venice Beach icon Harry Perry, who passed them the keys to their new loft. Amongst the first few conversations in the house, Ann's awkwardness raised eyebrows, Anamaria admitted to taking a carbohydrate-restricted diet in order to remain thin, and Kayla revealed she was a lesbian. Afterwards, they were taken to the Hollywood and Highland Center (/wiki/Hollywood_and_Highland_Center) , and were tasked to walk in a Diane von Furstenberg runway that is hoisted 4 storeys in the air; they also had to do their own hair and makeup. Kacey faced some trouble when she was unable to see the end of the runway because of her myopia, but put on a strong performance nevertheless; and Anamaria fell on her way backstage. This week's photo shoot takes place at Smashbox Studios, themed on "Teen Bullying." Tyra and singer/actress Demi Lovato dropped by at the shoot to offer advice and raise awareness. Each girl was drawn with a word that hurt her the most as a victim of bullying, as well as a "power word" that made her overcome it. At the photo shoot, Ann, Kayla and Chelsey were lauded for their performance, whilst Sara and Terra were criticized for looking plain and nervous respectively. Anamaria on the other hand was castigated for her overt thinness showing on film, which she ignored. At panel, Diane von Fürstenberg sat in as the guest judge. Ann, Kayla, Chelsey and Lexie's pictures received universal praise, and while Kendal's photo was deemed as not doing justice to her beauty, Diane would still hire her in an instant. In the end, Terra landed in the bottom two, but it was Anamaria's lack of regard for how thin she was that got her eliminated. Featured photographer: Deborah Anderson Special guests: Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , Harry Perry (/wiki/Harry_Perry_(musician)) , Isaac Prado, Anita Patrickson, Marky Andrews, Damien Carney 176 3 "Patricia Field" September 22, 2010 ( 2010-09-22 ) 2.82 [5] (#cite_note-5) Tyra dropped by at the house and informed the girls that they would receive makeovers. Tyra also giving some clues for the girls and which makeovers they will have, such as: Kayla will be given a new look that is fire like, Kendal will given "more sensuality and sexuality," Sara is getting darker than she is, both of Ann and Rhianna will given a look that make their edgy and quirky look more sophisticated, while Chris will given something that "flows her up." Panic ran through the house when Liz found a list of fantasy makeovers created by Ann, Lexie and Rhianna and assumed the credulous makeovers as genuine. However, their excitement quickly faded when they are told that whoever performed the worst at the post-makeover shoot would be eliminated. A large majority of girls were satisfied by their new looks, except Liz and Terra, who were both averse to having a shorter hairstyle. Sara and Lexie struggled at the makeover shoot, but Terra was deemed the worst and was sent home. This week's photo shoot took place on the beaches of Malibu, where the girls posed as fallen angels while evoking different kinds of emotions. At panel, Patricia Field sat as the guest judge. A large majority of the photos receive mixed to negative critiques, with only Ann, Kayla, Chelsey and Chris photos standing out. Sara and Lexie landed in the bottom two for having the most unsatisfactory photos. Tyra cited Sara's inability to translate her beauty in photos (despite a drastic makeover) for her elimination. Featured photographers: Keith Major (makeovers), Anne Menke (photoshoot) Special guests: Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) , Matthew Preece, Edgardo Falcon Jr., Ryan Stybel, Michael Kanyon, Marco Berardini 177 4 "Matthew Rolston" September 29, 2010 ( 2010-09-29 ) 2.91 [6] (#cite_note-6) Kacey invited the male models from the previous photo shoot over for dinner. The next day, the girls arrived at Knott's Berry Farm (/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm) for their first reward challenge – they evoked an emotion while riding the park's, Silver Bullet roller coaster. Most of the girls struggled, most notably Chris, who was petrified by the ride. Liz was deemed the best and she won a feature on Tyra.com, photographed by Tyra herself. She chose Chris and Kayla to accompany her, and all three were surprised by a tea party with Tyra. Back at the house, the girls ganged up on Kacey because of the latter's inability to clean up her own kitchen mess and pretentious demeanor. This week's photo shoot required the girls to portray underwater goddesses while modeling sea creatures, jewelry from Martin Katz, Neil Lane and Mikimoto. Jay was very impressed by Esther who brought emotion and her beauty to the shot, but very annoyed with Liz who kept complaining about her makeup sticking to her contact lenses. Rhianna was castigated because her "flower-child" posing style do not fit well with the concept of the shoot. At panel, Ann's photo blew away again the judges. Kendal, Esther, Kacey, Chris, and Kayla also shone in their pictures. Lexie was cautioned not to rely on having profile shots. Rhianna's lack of versatility and Liz's constant complaining landed them in the bottom two. In the end, Tyra handed the last photo to Liz, sending Rhianna home. Featured photographer: Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) Special guests: Valente Frazier, Julie Matos, Troy Jensen, Michael Kanyon 178 5 "Karolina Kurkova" October 6, 2010 ( 2010-10-06 ) 2.85 [7] (#cite_note-7) Miss. J. led the girls into 2nd Street Tunnel (/wiki/2nd_Street_Tunnel) in Downtown Los Angeles (/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles) where they were challenged to walk on a conveyor belt runway while wearing designs by Hervé Leger (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Leger) . While a majority of the girls stumbled through the catwalk, Kacey was deemed the best, and was awarded Lisa Freede jewelry. Andre and supermodel Karolína Kurková dropped by the house, and Karolina taught the girls about personality and watchful eating. Back at the house, Kacey again clashed with Lexie and Liz. This week's photo shoot had the girls pose with Lucha libre (/wiki/Lucha_libre) wrestlers. At judging, Ann admitted that she struggled in her photo shoot, but the judges nevertheless loved her photograph, and she was called first for the fourth successive time. Jane landed in the bottom two for her apparent lack of presence, which the judges felt the kept her photos satisfactory, while Lexie was lambasted for her stifled posing, resulting in mediocre photos. Despite a vivacious personality, Lexie was sent home. Featured photographers: Eddie Brakha, Moshe Brakha ("Brakha Squared") Special guests: Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) , Robert Steinken, Sunnie Brook Jones, Charlie Altuna, Jany Stanley 179 6 "Patrick Demarchelier" October 13, 2010 ( 2010-10-13 ) 2.95 [8] (#cite_note-8) The girls were split into threes for a CoverGirl challenge at Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , where Esther, Kacey and Kayla had the overall best sales pitch; Kacey received the most votes from the public while Ann had the lowest. The trio won a shopping spree at Walmart's CoverGirl aisle, but Esther won an additional US$1,000 Walmart gift card for having the best makeup look. The girls went to Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) for this week's photo shoot with photographer Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) . They were joined by male models as they strutted down Rodeo Drive while posing in clothing hand-picked for them by fashion stylist Lori Goldstein. The shoot was divided in three parts – a group shot with a man, a moving shot and solo beauty shot, leaving Chris to do solo. At panel, while Kendal and Jane received tremendous praise, but it was Ann, whose all three photos were again deemed the best, making a record of five consecutive first call-outs. Kayla's move in air photo (which she blamed on the discomfort caused by her undersized shoes) landed her in the bottom two, but it was Kacey, despite being deemed by the judges as having a great runway walk and spokesperson ability, who was eliminated for producing consistently lackluster photographs. Featured photographer: Patrick Demarchelier Special guests: Lori Goldstein, Derek Blasberg (/wiki/Derek_Blasberg) , Molly Stern 180 7 "Francesco Carrozzini" October 20, 2010 ( 2010-10-20 ) 3.00 [9] (#cite_note-9) The girls arrived at the Grammy Museum (/wiki/Grammy_Museum) , where they meet Neil Portnow (/wiki/Neil_Portnow) , CEO of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (/wiki/The_Recording_Academy) . They split into four teams of two and were tasked to create a Grammy worthy look for their partner. Ann gave Chelsey a severely oversized dress, much to the latter's chagrin, whilst Kendal's dress for Chris was likened to that from a strip, and Kayla went against Liz' desire for a fancy gown and instead got her sequined pants. Nonetheless, Mr. Jay deemed Kayla and Liz the best and they won the challenge, but Neil ultimately picked Kayla to win the reward of being a presenter at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) in February 2011. This week's photo shoot required the girls to portray notable celebrated fashion designers. At panel, Liz' portrayal was deemed the best, thus breaking Ann's five consecutive first call-outs. Kendal's shoot was deemed weak, while Esther failed to bring enough masculinity in her portrayal of a man, and they both landed in the bottom two. Although the judges felt that Kendal had a more unique look for the industry, they also felt that she needed more experience and development, thus sending her home. Featured photographer: Francesco Carrozzini (/wiki/Francesco_Carrozzini) Special guests: Neil Portnow, Rushka Bergman (/wiki/Rushka_Bergman) , Amy Orseman, Johnny Stuntz 181 8 "Zac Posen" October 27, 2010 ( 2010-10-27 ) 2.66 [11] (#cite_note-11) Miss. J made a surprise visit at the house, where he brought along famed fashion designer Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) . Zac informed the girls that they will be in his Fall 2010 Z-Spoke collection fashion show. The girls' professionalism were challenged when few of the working models they worked with constantly tried to break their confidence. After the show, it was revealed that the brutish demeanor that the other models had shown was an additional test. Chelsey was selected as the winner, and she won five looks from the collection. Instead of a photo shoot, the girls were filming their first commercial for a fictitious H2T energy drink while riding roller skates with Nigel as their director. Most of the girls struggled. In particular, Ann fell numerous times while Kayla struggled feeling intimate around her male model due to a sexual assault that occurred during her childhood. Liz frustrated Nigel for failing to take the shoot seriously and laughing whenever she stumbled. At panel, Chris's confident performance won her a clear first call-out. All the other girls struggled to some degree, although Jane and Chelsey are told they improved as the shoot went on. Ann and Esther were deemed the worst, but Ann was saved on the sheer strength of her photos, eliminating Esther. Featured commercial director: Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) Special guests: Zac Posen, Johnny Stuntz, Joanna Konjevod, Amanda Fields [10] (#cite_note-10) 182 9 "Margherita Missoni" November 3, 2010 ( 2010-11-03 ) 2.96 [12] (#cite_note-12) Miss J. brought the girls cycling to Venice (/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles) , where they met Tyra sitting on a gondola. Tyra informed them that they would be traveling to the namesake city in Italy (/wiki/Venice) for the remainder of the competition. This week’s photo shoot took place in the Grand Canal (/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Venice)) , with the girls posing in period couture gowns while lounging on a gondola by a group of three. Ann struggled to find her sexiness, while Chris and Liz struggled with numerous awkward actions and scenes. After the shoot was prematurely ended because of the rain, Jay announced that the girls would be headed to Milan (/wiki/Milan) for the rest of the competition. The girls were surprised about how their house was not as lavish as per previous seasons. Tyra arrived and explained that this was done intentionally to give the girls a taste of how new models actually lived. The next day, the girls visited the Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) Fashion House in Milan and walked for CEO Angela Missoni (/wiki/Angela_Missoni) as well as her daughter and heiress to the fashion line, Margherita (/wiki/Margherita_Missoni) , in their Fall collection. At judging, Chelsey and Liz nearly passed out due to the Italian summer heat, prompting Tyra to allow the contestants to sit down during the photo evaluations. Kayla received universal praise, Jane received praise for pushing through even with her hair in her face, while the rest all received mixed reviews. Chris landed in the bottom two because her vivacious personality did not match up to the photographs she took, but the judges once again cited Liz’s "excuses" and she was eliminated. Featured photographer: Simone Falcetta Special guests: Margherita Missoni, Angela Missoni, Lidia Permunian, Fabio D'Onofrio, Mario D'Amico, Alessandro Possati 183 10 "Kyle Hagler" November 10, 2010 ( 2010-11-10 ) 2.69 [13] (#cite_note-13) Before sending the girls to the streets of Milan for go-sees, Tyra helped them organize their portfolios. Amongst their four appointments was Versace (/wiki/Versace) – and all the girls naturally headed there first. After the four visited Versace, Chelsey decided to separate from the others, while Chris injured her ankle on the way back. Everybody only managed to visit one go-see, except for Chelsey for visited two. Jane, Chris and Chelsey all managed to get back in time. Ann managed to get back just a few minutes after the time ends, while Kayla really lost and ended up late several hours. Ann was the only one who booked Versace, but Chelsey won the challenge for visited two go-sees and came back in time. This week's photo shoot took place at Lake Como, where the girls were to portray statues that came to life. Ann, Chelsey and Kayla all performed well, whilst Chris’s ankle injury caused her some pain, and Jane struggled to be passionate with her male model, causing her to break down. IMG Models executive manager Kyle Hagler is this week's guest judge. While receiving critique, Jane again became emotional about her being unable to show her personality in front of them. Before deliberations, Tyra castigated all the girls for doing poorly at their go-sees. Jane's consistent lack of presence and Chris's lack of high fashion ability landed them in the bottom two. However, Jane’s meltdown during the photo shoot and at panel made the judges see a crack of her personality, and Chris was eliminated. Featured photographer: Nigel Barker Special guests: Kyle Hagler, Giovanni Di Corrinto, Andrea Cairo, Angelo Azzena, Danilo Di Pasquale, Vincenzo Cavicchi, Simone Bredariol 184 11 "Franca Sozzani" November 17, 2010 ( 2010-11-17 ) 2.49 [14] (#cite_note-14) The girls met Miss J. and acting coach Barbara Terrinoni, who taught them about acting and emoting. Later, their personalities and confidence were put to the test when they met one-on-one with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) 's editor-in-chief, Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) . Franca was impressed by Ann’s pictures, but ultimately chose Chelsey to win the prize of a private viewing of Leonardo da Vinci (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) ’s The Last Supper (/wiki/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)) with André Leon Talley, as well as an overnight stay at a seven star Milan hotel called the Town House Galleria (/wiki/Town_House_Galleria) , which she shared with Kayla. The girls arrived in Verona, where Jay informed them that two of them will be eliminated at the next panel. Tyra directed the girls during a motion editorial challenge that requires them to bring their poses to life with movement and emotion. At panel, Franca sat as the guest judge. Jane received the highest praise by the judges, praised for embraced her wild and dark side through the motion editorial and seemed to has mastered her angles. Ann and Chelsey also received good reviews, Ann was praised for looked the sexiest she ever has on the show and Chelsey was recommended for her strong presence, but the judges criticized the former for her lack of charisma in front of the camera and the latter for consistently did the same expression every frames. Kayla, on the other hand, received the most critique of the week, severely criticized for hasn't mastered her angles yet even after so many weeks on the competition, her lack of presence, and the judges curious that she only can translate her beauty features on photos. After a very hard deliberation, Ann, for her super strong portfolio, ability to learn and great work on set, created an all-time high record after receiving her sixth collective first call-out of the cycle, leaving Chelsey, Jane and Kayla in the bottom three. Chelsey was noted for her passion in modeling, but her photos was never the best. Kayla was praised for her strong portfolio, but criticized for performing the worst and she hasn't mastered her angles yet weeks after weeks, and Jane was strongly warned by Tyra for her lack of presence in front of the judges, despite having improved greatly for the past weeks and has the best motion editorial work of the week. Tyra handed Chelsey the final photo, thus eliminating both Jane and Kayla. After the credits, Tyra premiered her directorial debut of Modelli Folli (“Model Madness”). Featured director: Tyra Banks Special guests: Franca Sozzani, Barbara Terrinoni, Valentina Serra, Francesca Berardi 185 12 "High Fashion Highlights" November 24, 2010 ( 2010-11-24 ) 1.84 [15] (#cite_note-15) This is the recap episode of the cycle chronicling the first eleven episodes, and included some unbroadcast footage. Catfights between Kayla and Lexie; Chris and Kacey. Chelsey's 23rd birthday, Jane's makeover to a thug and her potential plan to Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) concert (/wiki/My_World_Tour) tickets, Chris' unseen departure from the competition and many more. 186 13 "Roberto Cavalli" December 1, 2010 ( 2010-12-01 ) 3.36 [16] (#cite_note-16) Ann and Chelsey were sent to do their Vogue Italia cover shots, where the photographer lauded them both. They arrived at Orta San Giulio (/wiki/Orta_San_Giulio) and were sent to shoot their CoverGirl commercial, where instead of memorizing lines, they were instructed to do voice-overs. After the shoot, their families made a surprise appearance, where it was revealed that they would be sitting at the front row during their final fashion show. The next day, the final two met IMG Models executive Ivan Bart, where Ivan was pleased with Chelsey's personality and modeling experience, while Ann was advised to work on her personality, though her photos impressed. Ann and Chelsey were joined by cycle 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) winner Krista White (/wiki/Krista_White) and eliminated girls Chris, Kayla, Jane and Liz as they walked for Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) 's Just Cavalli line. At panel, Jay Manuel and Roberto Cavalli sat as guest judges. Chelsey's walk was deemed focused but stiff, while Ann's was much improved but was chastised for her "scared" facial expressions. For their voice-overs, Chelsey's natural smile was universally praised but the judges thought she was an actress more than a model; Ann's voice was castigated but she looked stunning in the commercial. Chelsey's CoverGirl ad was unanimously deemed beautiful, although it may have been too pretty for a makeup ad, although her ease during the shoot itself was praised. Though Ann's photo was deemed beautiful, it was chastised for being too editorial, which made the judges worry if she could do commercial modelling. During deliberations, the judges were torn over the "breakout star" Ann and her rare high fashion look, and "professional model" Chelsey's all-American girl-next-door persona, as well as her immense knowledge of the fashion industry. Ann was named the winner of America's Next Top Model . Featured photographers: Vincent Peters, Federico De Angelis Special guests: Valentina Serra, Roberto Cavalli, Ivan Bart, Krista White Summaries Call-out order Order Episodes 1 [a] (#cite_note-17) 2 3 [b] (#cite_note-18) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [c] (#cite_note-19) 13 1 Anamaria Ann Ann Ann Ann Ann Liz Chris Kayla Kayla Ann Ann 2 Kendal Kayla Kayla Kacey Chris Jane Kayla Jane Jane Chelsey Chelsey Chelsey 3 Rhianna Chelsey Chelsey Esther Chelsey Kendal Ann Chelsey Chelsey Ann Jane Kayla 4 Chris Kendal Chris Chris Kayla Esther Chelsey Kayla Ann Jane 5 Jane Lexie Rhianna Kendal Liz Chris Chris Liz Chris Chris 6 Chelsey Liz Liz Lexie Esther Chelsey Jane Ann Liz 7 Liz Jane Jane Kayla Kacey Liz Esther Esther 8 Sara Esther Kacey Jane Kendal Kayla Kendal 9 Lexie Chris Kendal Chelsey Jane Kacey 10 Esther Rhianna Esther Liz Lexie 11 Kacey Kacey Lexie Rhianna 12 Kayla Sara Sara 13 Ann Terra Terra 14 Terra Anamaria The contestant was eliminated The contestant was eliminated outside of the judging panel The contestant won the competition Bottom two Episode Contestants Eliminated 2 Anamaria & Terra Anamaria 3 Lexie & Sara Sara 4 Liz & Rhianna Rhianna 5 Jane & Lexie Lexie 6 Kacey & Kayla Kacey 7 Esther & Kendal Kendal 8 Ann & Esther Esther 9 Chris & Liz Liz 10 Chris & Jane Chris 11 Chelsey, Jane & Kayla Jane Kayla 13 Ann & Chelsey Chelsey The contestant was eliminated after their first time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their second time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their third time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated in the final judging and placed as the runner-up Average call-out order Casting call-out order and final two are not included. Rank by average Place Model Call-out total Number of call-outs Call-out average 1 1 Ann 22 10 2.20 2 3–4 Kayla 34 3.40 3 2 Chelsey 38 3.80 4 5 Chris 40 9 4.44 5 3–4 Jane 50 10 5.00 6 6 Liz 46 8 5.75 7 8 Kendal 37 6 6.17 8 7 Esther 45 7 6.43 9 9 Kacey 37 5 7.40 10 10 Lexie 32 4 8.00 11 11 Rhianna 26 3 8.67 12 12 Sara 24 2 12.00 13 13 Terra 13 1 13.00 14 14 Anamaria 14 14.00 Photo shoots Episode 1 photo shoot: Paired up wearing Cynthia Rowley (/wiki/Cynthia_Rowley) designs (casting) Episode 2 photo shoot: Teen bullying Episode 3 photo shoot: Fallen angels Episode 4 photo shoot: Underwater beauty shots Episode 5 photo shoot: Lucha Va Voom (/wiki/Lucha_libre) Episode 6 photo shoot: Walking down Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) Episode 7 photo shoot: Portraying iconic fashion designers Episode 8 commercial: H2T water on roller skates Episode 9 photo shoot: Gondola (/wiki/Gondola) group shoot with a casanova (/wiki/Casanova) Episode 10 photo shoot: Marble statues coming to life Episode 11 motion editorial: Modelli folli ("Model Madness") Episode 13 photo shoot and commercial: CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) Lash Blast Fusion print ad and commercial; beauty In Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) spreads Makeovers Terra – Cut short and dyed black Sara – Cut to shoulder length and dyed chocolate brown with bleached eyebrows Rhianna – Long wavy brown extensions with blonde highlights Lexie – Dyed light brown Kacey – Long black weave and contacts instead of glasses Kendal – Long, straight middle-part black weave Esther – Dyed black Liz – Pixie cut Chris – Long wavy dark brown weave Kayla – Cut to shoulder length with bangs and dyed bright red with bleached eyebrows Jane – Dyed light brown with blonde highlights Chelsey – Trimmed, dyed ice blonde and tooth gap accentuated Ann – Long copper brown extensions Post- Top Model careers Anamaria Mirdita has taken test shots. [17] (#cite_note-20) Terra White has pursued modeling but has not been signed by an agency. [18] (#cite_note-21) Sara Blackamore did not state a desire to continue modeling after the show. [19] (#cite_note-22) Rhianna Atwood was signed by Paragon Model Management in Mexico City [20] (#cite_note-23) and appeared in Refix Magazine. [21] (#cite_note-24) Lexie Tomchek has done test shots but declared a hesitancy about continuing to model after the show, [22] (#cite_note-25) and declared a desire to pursue acting in Chicago. [23] (#cite_note-26) Kacey Leggett has continued to model, including at Miami Swim Week in 2018 [24] (#cite_note-27) and in an advertisement for Mia Beccar. She is represented by TNG Models in Las Vegas. [25] (#cite_note-28) Kendal Brown declared a desire to continue modeling in Atlanta after the show. [26] (#cite_note-29) Esther Petrack studied Hebrew at Hebrew University in Jerusalem after appearing on the show. [27] (#cite_note-30) She emigrated to Israel in 2012 [28] (#cite_note-31) and joined the IDF. [29] (#cite_note-32) Liz Williams declared a desire to continue modeling [30] (#cite_note-33) or be a television host after the show and pursued a degree in architecture. [31] (#cite_note-34) She has taken test shots. [32] (#cite_note-35) Chris White declared a desire to start acting again after the show. [33] (#cite_note-36) Jane Randall signed with IMG Models. She has appeared in Vogue Italia , the New York Times Magazine, and on the cover of Women's Wear Daily . She has models for Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale's, and other retailers online, and walked in runway shows at New York Fashion Week in 2011 and 2012. In 2017, she started to run "The Jersey Report," a New Jersey-focused right wing blog. [34] (#cite_note-37) Kayla Ferrel signed with a modeling agency in Japan and participated in season 17 of Top Model . [35] (#cite_note-38) Chelsey Hersley signed with Passport Model Management in San Francisco and Urban Talent Management in Boise. [36] (#cite_note-39) Ann Ward won a contract with CoverGirl, a contract with IMG Models, and a spread in Vogue Italia. [37] (#cite_note-40) Since then, she has booked some ad campaigns with small designers, [38] (#cite_note-41) appeared in Velvet Magazine , [39] (#cite_note-42) and walked in some high fashion runway shows. [40] (#cite_note-43) She also posts artwork online. [41] (#cite_note-44) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-17) The pool of 32 girls was reduced to 14. This call-out order does not reflect their performances that week. ^ (#cite_ref-18) In episode 3, Terra was eliminated after the makeover shoot for having the worst reaction to her makeover and performing the worst at the shoot. ^ (#cite_ref-19) In episode 11, Chelsey, Jane and Kayla were called forward as the bottom three. Tyra handed the last photo to Chelsey, eliminating the other two. References ^ (#cite_ref-RTW_1-0) " (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-fifteenth-season-cast-revealed-by-cw-11466.php) 'America's Next Top Model' fifteenth-season cast revealed by The CW" (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-fifteenth-season-cast-revealed-by-cw-11466.php) . Reality TV World. August 18, 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100822135655/http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-fifteenth-season-cast-revealed-by-cw-11466.php) from the original on August 22, 2010 . Retrieved August 19, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Marikar, Sheila (December 2, 2010). "Tall, Thin Ann Ward Wins (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/tall-thin-ann-ward-wins-americas-top-model/story?id=12294543) America's Next Top Model " (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/tall-thin-ann-ward-wins-americas-top-model/story?id=12294543) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . Retrieved August 7, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "America's Next Top Model – Cast – Anamaria" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100821120945/http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/) . August 21, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/) on August 21, 2010 . Retrieved April 21, 2016 . ^ a b Seidman, Robert (September 16, 2010). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20120909023203/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/16/survivor-outlaw/63866/) 'Survivor' & 'Big Brother' Rise in Finals; 'Outlaw' Falls" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120909023203/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/16/survivor-outlaw/63866/) . TVbytheNumbers.com. Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/16/survivor-outlaw/63866) on September 9, 2012 . Retrieved September 16, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Seidman, Robert (September 23, 2010). "TV Ratings Wednesday: 'Modern Family' Leads Night; Survivor, Criminal Minds Very Strong; 'Undercovers' Middling; 'The Whole Truth' Bombs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101117055622/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com:80/2010/09/23/tv-ratings-wednesday-modern-family-leads-night-survivor-criminal-minds-very-strong-undercovers-middling-the-whole-truth-bombs/64811) . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/23/tv-ratings-wednesday-modern-family-leads-night-survivor-criminal-minds-very-strong-undercovers-middling-the-whole-truth-bombs/64811) on November 17, 2010 . Retrieved September 23, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Gorman, Bill (September 30, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Better With You , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) The Middle , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Modern Family , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Survivor , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Law & Order: SVU , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Law & Order: LA Adjusted Up; (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Cougar Town , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) Whole Truth Adjusted Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101002104015/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/30/wednesday-finals-better-with-you-the-middle-modern-family-survivor-law-cougar-town-whole-truth-adjusted-down/65978) on October 2, 2010 . Retrieved September 30, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Seidman, Robert (October 7, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: 'Survivor,' 'The Middle,' 'Modern Family,' 'SVU,' 'The Defenders' Up; 'Cougar Town,' 'The Whole Truth' Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101012171551/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/07/wednesday-finals-survivor-the-middle-modern-family-svu-the-defenders-up-cougar-town-the-whole-truth/67157) . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/07/wednesday-finals-survivor-the-middle-modern-family-svu-the-defenders-up-cougar-town-the-whole-truth/67157) on October 12, 2010 . Retrieved October 7, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gorman, Bill (October 14, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) Survivor , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) Middle , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) Modern Family , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) L&O:SVU , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) Top Model Adjusted Up; 20/20, (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) Undercovers Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101017055912/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) . TV By The Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/14/wednesday-finals-survivor-middle-modern-family-l-2020-undercovers-down/68066) on October 17, 2010 . Retrieved October 14, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Seidman, Robert (October 21, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) Survivor , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) Buster Posey (NLCS) , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) Criminal Minds (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) The Defenders , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up; (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) The Whole Truth Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023063710/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) . TV By The Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/21/wednesday-finals-survivor-buster-posey-nlcs-criminal-minds-the-defenders-law-the-whole-truth-down/69128) on October 23, 2010 . Retrieved October 21, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "America's Next Top Model After Show Season 20 "Episodes 1–3" | AfterBuzz TV" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM2-JEUanJ8) . YouTube. August 18, 2013. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/oM2-JEUanJ8) from the original on December 21, 2021 . Retrieved August 11, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Gorman, Bill (October 28, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101031100930/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/28/wednesday-finals-survivor-nicaragua-the-middle-adjusted-up-the-whole-truth-down/70055) Survivor: Nicaragua , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101031100930/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/28/wednesday-finals-survivor-nicaragua-the-middle-adjusted-up-the-whole-truth-down/70055) The Middle Adjusted Up; (https://web.archive.org/web/20101031100930/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/28/wednesday-finals-survivor-nicaragua-the-middle-adjusted-up-the-whole-truth-down/70055) The Whole Truth Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101031100930/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/28/wednesday-finals-survivor-nicaragua-the-middle-adjusted-up-the-whole-truth-down/70055) . TV By The Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/10/28/wednesday-finals-survivor-nicaragua-the-middle-adjusted-up-the-whole-truth-down/70055) on October 31, 2010 . Retrieved October 28, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Seidman, Robert (November 4, 2010). "Wednesday Finals: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101106022208/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/11/04/wednesday-finals-criminal-minds-law-order-svu-adjusted-up/70911) Criminal Minds , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101106022208/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/11/04/wednesday-finals-criminal-minds-law-order-svu-adjusted-up/70911) Law & Order: SVU Adjusted Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101106022208/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/11/04/wednesday-finals-criminal-minds-law-order-svu-adjusted-up/70911) . TV By The Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/11/04/wednesday-finals-criminal-minds-law-order-svu-adjusted-up/70911) on November 6, 2010 . Retrieved November 4, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Seidman, Robert (November 11, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101114071108/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/11/wednesday-final-ratings-criminal-minds-americas-next-top-model-adjusted-up/71751) Criminal Minds , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101114071108/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/11/wednesday-final-ratings-criminal-minds-americas-next-top-model-adjusted-up/71751) America's Next Top Model Adjusted Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101114071108/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/11/wednesday-final-ratings-criminal-minds-americas-next-top-model-adjusted-up/71751) . TV By The Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/11/11/wednesday-final-ratings-criminal-minds-americas-next-top-model-adjusted-up/71751) on November 14, 2010 . Retrieved November 11, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Seidman, Robert (November 18, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Modern Family', 'Criminal Minds' Adjusted Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101121190217/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/18/wednesday-final-ratings-modern-family-criminal-minds-adjusted-up/72722) . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/18/wednesday-final-ratings-modern-family-criminal-minds-adjusted-up/72722) on November 21, 2010 . Retrieved November 18, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gorman, Bill (November 29, 2010). "Wednesday Final Ratings: (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203003909/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/29/wednesday-final-ratings-the-middle-hells-kitchen-adjusted-up-cougar-town-adjusted-down/73476) The Middle , (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203003909/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/29/wednesday-final-ratings-the-middle-hells-kitchen-adjusted-up-cougar-town-adjusted-down/73476) Hell's Kitchen Adjusted Up; (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203003909/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/29/wednesday-final-ratings-the-middle-hells-kitchen-adjusted-up-cougar-town-adjusted-down/73476) Cougar Town Adjusted Down" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203003909/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/11/29/wednesday-final-ratings-the-middle-hells-kitchen-adjusted-up-cougar-town-adjusted-down/73476) . TV by the Numbers . 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"Anamaria Mirdita" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475348/Anamaria-Mirdita) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Terra White" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13476057/Terra-White) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Rogers, Steven. "Exclusive: Sara Blackamore talks about 'America's Next Top Model' (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-sara-blackamore-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11600.php) " (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-sara-blackamore-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11600.php) . Reality TV World . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110720223303/http://www.realitytvworld.com:80/news/exclusive-sara-blackamore-talks-about-america-next-top-model-11600.php) from the original on July 20, 2011 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Rhianna Atwood" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475357/Rhianna-Atwood) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Refix Magazine" (http://refixmag.com/) . Refix Magazine . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Lexie ('America's Next Top Model')" (http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a280872/lexie-americas-next-top-model/) . Digital Spy . October 7, 2010 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Rogers, Steven. "Exclusive: Alexia "Lexie" Tomchek talks 'America's Next Top Model' (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-alexia-lexie-tomchek-talks-america-next-top-model-11620.php) " (https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/exclusive-alexia-lexie-tomchek-talks-america-next-top-model-11620.php) . Reality TV World . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101014225837/http://www.realitytvworld.com:80/news/exclusive-alexia-lexie-tomchek-talks-america-next-top-model-11620.php) from the original on October 14, 2010 . 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Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Friedman, Matt. "New Jersey gets its own version of the Drudge Report" (https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2017/01/new-jersey-gets-its-own-version-of-the-drudge-report-109043) . Politico PRO . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Kayla Ferrel" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475354/Kayla-Ferrel) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Chelsey Hersley" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475349/Chelsey-Hersley) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Finn, Natalie (December 2, 2010). "America's Next Top Model Winner Reaches New Heights" (https://www.eonline.com/news/213961/americas_next_top_model_winner_reaches) . E! Online . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Boardman, Madeline (July 27, 2017). " (https://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/) 'America's Next Top Model': Where Are They Now?" (https://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/) . EW.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151205200128/http://www.ew.com:80/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now) from the original on December 5, 2015 . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Stephens, Britt (December 5, 2020). "Ann Ward" (http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/photo-gallery/3120661/image/13475345/Ann-Ward) . POPSUGAR Beauty . Retrieved March 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Sander, Brice (March 6, 2015). "Here's What Every "America's Next Top Model" Winner Looks Like Today" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/bricesander/wanna-be-on-top-top-top-top) . BuzzFeed . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150307115135/http://www.buzzfeed.com/bricesander/wanna-be-on-top-top-top-top) from the original on March 7, 2015 . 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External links Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20070115234652/http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/) v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) 10 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) 12 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_12) 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_13) 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) 15 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) 17: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_17) All-Stars 18: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_18) British Invasion 19: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_19) College Edition 20: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_20) Guys & Girls 21: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_21) Guys & Girls 22: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_22) Guys & Girls 23 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_23) 24 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_24) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Adrianne Curry (/wiki/Adrianne_Curry) Yoanna House (/wiki/Yoanna_House) Eva Pigford (/wiki/Eva_Marcille) Naima Mora (/wiki/Naima_Mora) Nicole Linkletter (/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter) Danielle Evans (/wiki/Dani_Evans) CariDee English (/wiki/CariDee_English) Jaslene Gonzalez (/wiki/Jaslene_Gonzalez) Saleisha Stowers (/wiki/Sal_Stowers) Whitney Thompson (/wiki/Whitney_Thompson) McKey Sullivan (/wiki/McKey_Sullivan) Teyona Anderson Nicole Fox (/wiki/Nicole_Fox) Krista White Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) Brittani Kline (/wiki/Brittani_Kline) Lisa D'Amato (/wiki/Lisa_D%27Amato) Sophie Sumner (/wiki/Sophie_Sumner) Laura James (/wiki/Laura_James) Jourdan Miller (/wiki/Jourdan_Miller) Keith Carlos (/wiki/Keith_Carlos) Nyle DiMarco (/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco) India Gants (/wiki/India_Gants) Kyla Coleman Other alumni Elyse Sewell (/wiki/Elyse_Sewell) Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (/wiki/Mercedes_Scelba-Shorte) Yaya DaCosta (/wiki/Yaya_DaCosta) Toccara Jones (/wiki/Toccara_Jones) Bre Scullark (/wiki/Bre_Scullark) Kim Stolz (/wiki/Kim_Stolz) Cassandra Whitehead (/wiki/Cassandra_Jean) Jade Cole (/wiki/Jade_Cole) Eugena Washington (/wiki/Eugena_Washington) Anchal Joseph (/wiki/Anchal_Joseph) Renee DeWitt (/wiki/Renee_Alway) Heather Kuzmich (/wiki/Heather_Kuzmich) Fatima Siad (/wiki/Fatima_Siad) Lio Tipton (/wiki/Lio_Tipton) Marjorie Conrad (/wiki/Marjorie_Conrad) Isis King (/wiki/Isis_King) Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) Natalie Pack (/wiki/Natalie_Pack) Laura Kirkpatrick (/wiki/Laura_Kirkpatrick) Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) Eboni Davis (/wiki/Ebonee_Davis) AzMarie Livingston (/wiki/AzMarie_Livingston) Jasmia Robinson (/wiki/Jasmia_Robinson) Leila Goldkuhl (/wiki/Leila_Goldkuhl) Cory Wade Hindorff (/wiki/Cory_Wade_Hindorff) Chantelle Young (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Khrystyana Kazakova (/wiki/Khrystyana_Kazakova) Related series Modelville (/wiki/Modelville) (2008) Stylista (/wiki/Stylista) (2008) True Beauty (/wiki/True_Beauty_(American_TV_series)) (2009–2010) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐8698f5b84d‐xqk54 Cached time: 20240717210204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.005 seconds Real time usage: 1.225 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8005/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 292392/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14702/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 183892/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.648/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 25569648/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1102.928 1 -total 29.26% 322.704 2 Template:Reflist 24.70% 272.400 40 Template:Cite_web 20.69% 228.232 1 Template:Infobox_television_season 18.37% 202.638 2 Template:Infobox 15.98% 176.276 1 Template:Episode_table 14.14% 155.928 13 Template:Episode_list/sublist 13.16% 145.106 3 Template:Ambox 8.78% 96.867 1 Template:Multiple_issues 8.45% 93.192 1 Template:America's_Next_Top_Model Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28430520-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717210204 and revision id 1232434111. 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American fashion designer (born 1974) Kendra Scott Scott in 2020 Born Kendra Baumgartner [1] (#cite_note-1) ( 1974-03-27 ) March 27, 1974 (age 50) Kenosha, Wisconsin (/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin) , U.S Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Years active 2002–present Known for Executive chairwoman (/wiki/Chairperson) , and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) of Kendra Scott, LLC [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) Spouses John Scott ​ ​ ( m. 2000 ; div. 2006 ) ​ Matt Davis ​ ​ ( m. 2014 ; div. 2020 ) ​ Children 3 [3] (#cite_note-AusFam-3) Kendra Scott (born March 27, 1974) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . [4] (#cite_note-usatoday-4) She is the executive chairwoman (/wiki/Chairperson) , designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , and former chief executive officer (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of Kendra Scott, LLC. [5] (#cite_note-statesman-5) [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) In 2017, she was named Ernst & Young (/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young) 's National Entrepreneur of the Year. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Early life and career [ edit ] Kendra Scott was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin (/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin) . At age 16, her family moved to Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas, where she graduated from Klein High School (/wiki/Klein_High_School) . [7] (#cite_note-chron-7) Scott fell in love and "followed a boy" to Texas A&M University (/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University) , [7] (#cite_note-chron-7) which she attended for one year [8] (#cite_note-8) before dropping out to move to Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) , at age 19 to help with her ill stepfather. [3] (#cite_note-AusFam-3) Scott opened her first business, the Hat Box, which specializes in comfortable hats designed for women going through chemotherapy (/wiki/Chemotherapy) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Scott sold "comfortable but stylish" pieces and donated a portion of the proceeds to cancer research. Before starting her own business, Scott started making jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) from home in Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) . [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) Kendra Scott, LLC [ edit ] Scott founded Kendra Scott LLC in 2002, designing her first collection with $500 in the spare bedroom of her home just after her oldest son was born. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) She walked from store to store around Austin, selling to local boutiques, and at the last boutique, she had to sell all of her samples to purchase enough materials to cover the orders she had made that first day. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) In 2005, Scott's designs were chosen to accessorize Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) 's spring 2006 runway show. [12] (#cite_note-12) Scott's designs also appeared in Randolph Duke's 2007 runway show. [13] (#cite_note-13) Because of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 (/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008) , she nearly had to close her company, [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) but she received an order from Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) for some of their stores; this gave her exposure and allowed her to expand her business. [15] (#cite_note-15) Scott's first retail store opened on Austin's South Congress (/wiki/South_Congress) Avenue in 2010. [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) In the same year, she began her e-commerce business and launched the brand's Color Bar experience. [16] (#cite_note-:2-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2011 she opened her second store on Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) in Beverly Hills, but she had to close it after a while. [ when? ] In 2014 Scott opened stores around the South and Midwest while ignoring the fashion elite in New York and Los Angeles. Later, in 2016, she sold a minority stake in her company to the private equity firm Berkshire Partners at a valuation of $1 billion. [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) [18] (#cite_note-:5-18) Valued at over $1 billion, her brand encompasses fashion jewelry, fine jewelry, home accessories, nail lacquer, and beauty products. [18] (#cite_note-:5-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) At the end of 2019, Scott had 102 retail stores (/wiki/Retail_stores) . In addition to an e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) business, Scott's merchandise (/wiki/Merchandise) is sold in London's Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) , [23] (#cite_note-23) Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , [18] (#cite_note-:5-18) Von Maur (/wiki/Von_Maur) , Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) , and over 1,000 specialty boutiques worldwide. [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) [24] (#cite_note-24) 95 percent of her more than 2,000 staff are women. [25] (#cite_note-:6-25) In February 2021, Scott stepped down as CEO, retaining the Executive Chairwoman title, and named Tom Nolan as Kendra Scott's CEO. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) Scott invests in companies in Austin, Texas, such as Helm Boots (/wiki/Helm_Boots) , Darbie Angell dinnerware, [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) and Tiff's Treats (/wiki/Tiff%27s_Treats) . [26] (#cite_note-26) Philanthropy [ edit ] Scott is a philanthropist with a history of supporting women's and children's causes. [27] (#cite_note-Samaha-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2015, Scott launched the Kendra Cares Program, [29] (#cite_note-29) [27] (#cite_note-Samaha-27) which brings the company's customizable Color Bar [16] (#cite_note-:2-16) jewelry experience to pediatric hospitals across the country. In 2017, Scott's company hosted more than 10,000 Kendra Gives Back across her stores. She gave the money to local causes and also donated more than 75,000 pieces of jewelry. [18] (#cite_note-:5-18) In 2019, Scott donated $1 million to The University of Texas (/wiki/The_University_of_Texas) to launch the Kendra Scott Women's Entrepreneurial Leadership Institute. [30] (#cite_note-30) Since 2010 her company's program has given away $30 million. [25] (#cite_note-:6-25) Recognition [ edit ] Scott was awarded the EY (/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young) Entrepreneur of the Year 2017 National Award and the Breakthrough Award from the Accessories Council Excellence Awards (/wiki/Accessories_Council_Excellence_Awards) . [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) [31] (#cite_note-31) She is listed as #40 in Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) ' list of America's Richest Self-Made Women 2019, been named Outstanding Mother of the Year by the Mother's Day Council, Texas Businesswoman of the Year by the Women's Chamber of Commerce, Top 100 Entrepreneurs of the Year by Upstart Business Journal (/wiki/Upstart_Business_Journal) and 2017 CEO of the Year by the Austin Business Journal (/wiki/Austin_Business_Journal) . [32] (#cite_note-32) [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) She is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) . [37] (#cite_note-37) In 2019 she became the 12th woman in the state who has been inducted into the Texas Business Hall of Fame. [25] (#cite_note-:6-25) [38] (#cite_note-38) In April 2020, Governor Greg Abbott (/wiki/Greg_Abbott) named Scott to the Strike Force to Open Texas – a group "tasked with finding safe and effective ways to slowly reopen the state" amid the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [39] (#cite_note-39) Personal life [ edit ] Kendra Baumgartner married John Scott on June 24, 2000. They had two children before divorcing on August 22, 2006. [40] (#cite_note-40) She remarried on June 6, 2014, to Matt Davis in Sedona, Arizona (/wiki/Sedona,_Arizona) . [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) They have one child together. [43] (#cite_note-kvue-43) They divorced in September 2020. [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-tribeza-45) Publications [ edit ] Scott, Kendra (2022). Born to shine : do good, find your joy, and build a life you love (First ed.). New York: Worthy Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1546002321 . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kendra Scott - Kendra Scott Design" (http://www.lorinbeller.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/KendraScottRev.pdf) (PDF) . ^ a b c Sidell, Misty White (February 2021). "Kendra Scott Steps Down as CEO, Nolan Promoted" (https://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kendra-scott-steps-down-ceo-tom-nolan-1234721047/) . WWD . Retrieved 1 February 2021 . ^ a b Dunham, Melanie. "Q&A with Kendra Scott" (https://austinfamily.com/qa-with-kendra-scott/) . Austin Family . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-usatoday_4-0) Jensen, Erin. " (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/10/23/shark-tank-abc-kendra-scott-jewelry-guest-shark/3716266001/) 'My stomach was flipping': Jewelry mogul Kendra Scott enters ABC's 'Shark Tank' as guest shark" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/10/23/shark-tank-abc-kendra-scott-jewelry-guest-shark/3716266001/) . USA Today . Retrieved 4 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-statesman_5-0) Hawkins, Lori. "Kendra Scott steps aside as CEO of her Austin company, remains majority owner" (https://www.statesman.com/story/business/2021/02/01/kendra-scott-stepping-down-ceo-austin-based-jewelry-company/4339950001/) . The Austin-American Statesman . Retrieved 1 February 2021 . ^ a b "Entrepreneur Of The Year 2017 Retail winner" (http://www.ey.com/us/en/about-us/entrepreneurship/entrepreneur-of-the-year/us_eoy_2017-retail-and-consumer-products) . www.ey.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ a b Sewing, Joy (16 November 2012). "Jewelry Designer Kendra Scott opens two new stores" (https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/article/Texas-jewelry-designer-Kendra-Scotts-opens-stores-4044243.php) . Houston Chronicle . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Anderson, Amy (7 March 2016). "Meet Kendra Scott, Homemade Millionaire" (https://www.success.com/meet-kendra-scott-homemade-millionaire/) . www.success.com . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Jones, Michael. "5 Secrets From Powerhouse Jewelry Designer Kendra Scott" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeljones/2015/11/12/5secretsfromkendrascott/#52d718986e43) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ a b c "Kendra Scott" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/kendra-scott/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ a b Entis, Laura (2015-04-13). "From an Extra Bedroom to 20 Stores and Counting: How Kendra Scott Created a Multimillion-Dollar Jewelry Empire" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244921) . Entrepreneur . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Silver, Dena (2015-02-20). "Bauble Brilliant With Kendra Scott" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/bauble-brilliant-with-kendra-scott/) . Daily Front Row . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The New York Times > Home & Garden > Image > Fashionable Pairs" (https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/11/01/garden/01fashion.graphic.ready.html) . www.nytimes.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ a b c d Foster, Tom (2018-12-18). "This Entrepreneur Hit Rock Bottom Before Building a Billion-Dollar Jewelry Empire (With Only $500)" (https://www.inc.com/magazine/201902/tom-foster/austin-texas-kendra-scott-jewelry-2018-surge-cities.html) . Inc.com . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Kendra Scott:Kendra Scott" (https://www.npr.org/2017/06/09/520531137/kendra-scott-kendra-scott) . NPR How I Built This with Guy Raz . 2017-03-20 . Retrieved 2021-03-03 . ^ a b "Custom Jewelry | Design Your Own Jewelry" (https://www.kendrascott.com/custom-jewelry.html?screen=1) . www.kendrascott.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Strugatz, Rachel (2015-03-25). "Kendra Scott Scores With Color Bar" (http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kendra-scott-scores-with-color-bar-10101607/) . WWD . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ a b c d Gross, Elana Lyn. "How Kendra Scott Built A Billion-Dollar Jewelry Company" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/elanagross/2018/03/01/how-kendra-scott-built-a-billion-dollar-jewelry-company/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "This Wildly Popular Texas Jewelry Company Is Now Worth $1 Billion" (http://fortune.com/2016/12/22/jewelry-billion-dollar-company/) . Fortune . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) McDonald, Samantha. "These Jewelry Launches Are Perfect For All Your Holiday Looks" (http://thezoereport.com/fashion/accessories/holiday-jewelry-2016/) . thezoereport.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Schmidt, Mackenzie (2016-11-30). "Celeb-Favorite Designer Kendra Scott is Making Super-Chic Accessories for Your Home" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180112043023/http://people.com/home/celeb-favorite-designer-kendra-scott-is-making-super-chic-accessories-for-your-home/) . people.com . Archived from the original (http://people.com/home/celeb-favorite-designer-kendra-scott-is-making-super-chic-accessories-for-your-home/) on 2018-01-12 . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Gould, Wendy Rose (2016-09-01). "Gemstone-Inspired Nail Polish? Why Thank You, Kendra Scott" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180112043203/http://www.instyle.com/beauty/nails/kendra-scott-nail-polish) . InStyle.com . Archived from the original (http://www.instyle.com/beauty/nails/kendra-scott-nail-polish) on 2018-01-12 . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Marfil, Lorelei (2017-11-17). "Kendra Scott Enters U.K. Market, Opens Selfridges Shop-in-Shop" (http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kendra-scott-enters-u-k-market-opens-selfridges-shops-in-shop-11051423/) . WWD . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Broadway Plaza | KENDRA SCOTT" (https://www.broadwayplaza.com/Directory/Details/520292) . www.broadwayplaza.com . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ a b c Halkias, Maria (2019-09-12). "Retail Therapy: Why Kendra Scott won't give up control of her $1 billion brand" (https://www.dallasnews.com/business/retail/2019/09/12/retail-therapy-why-kendra-scott-won-t-give-up-control-of-her-1-billion-brand/) . Dallas News . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Sosland, Josh. "Tiff's Treats attracts high-profile investors" (https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/16401-tiffs-treats-attracts-high-profile-investors) . www.foodbusinessnews.net . Retrieved 2022-09-15 . ^ a b Samaha, Barry. "Jewelry Designer Kendra Scott On Why it's Important for Fashion Brands to be Philanthropic" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrysamaha/2016/05/13/jewelry-designer-kendra-scott-on-why-it-is-important-for-fashion-brands-to-be-philanthropic/#1ed89217366d) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Hauler, Lesley. "Why fashion designer Kendra Scott is committed to empowering women all year long" (https://goodmorningamerica.com/style/story/fashion-designer-kendra-scott-committed-empowering-women-year-69436370) . ABC News . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Introducing the Kendra Cares Program" (https://www.kendrascott.com/kendra-cares.html) . www.kendrascott.com . Retrieved 2018-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Friel, Katie. "Kendra Scott Wants to Change the Game for Women in Business—Starting With UT Students" (https://alcalde.texasexes.org/2020/01/kendra-scott-wants-to-change-the-game-for-women-in-business-starting-with-ut-students/) . The Alcalde . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Sidell, Misty White (2017-08-07). "Accessory Mavens Mull Successful Strategies in Lead-Up to ACE Awards" (http://wwd.com/accessories-news/accessory-trends/accessory-mavens-mull-successful-strategies-in-lead-up-to-ace-awards-10957416/) . WWD . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Barr, Greg. "Amid rapid expansion, Austin jewelry chain founder named Austin Business Journal's CEO of the Year" (https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2017/12/21/amid-worldwide-expansion-austin-jewelry-chain.html) . www.bizjournals.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Self-Made Women" (https://www.forbes.com/self-made-women/list/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) O'Connor, Clare. "Jewelry Mogul Kendra Scott Joins America's Richest Self-Made Women List" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2017/05/17/kendra-scott-richest-self-made-women-net-worth-jewelry/#555091a1600a) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Lockwood, Lisa (2017-05-08). "Top Leaders in Beauty and Retail Honored at 2017 Outstanding Mother Awards" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/top-leaders-beauty-retail-honored-2017-outstanding-mother-awards-10883677/) . WWD . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Theis, Michael. "Kendra Scott named one of America's top 100 entrepreneurs" (https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2015/02/10/kendra-scott-named-one-of-americas-top.html) . www.bizjournals.com . Retrieved 2018-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "KENDRA SCOTT" (https://cfda.com/members/profile/kendra-scott) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Ferguson, Deborah. "Kendra Scott Talks to NBC 5 About Fashion and Philanthropy" (https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/kendra-scott-talks-to-nbc-5-about-fashion-and-philanthropy/1964226/) . NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth . Retrieved 2020-11-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Rouege, Ciara (17 April 2020). "These are the experts, leaders working with Gov. Abbott's strike force to reopen Texas" (https://www.khou.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/gov-abbott-introduces-strike-force-to-reopen-texas/285-b7a72787-706e-47f6-856d-0818909de8b9) . khou.com . Retrieved 2020-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Report of Divorce or Annulment Indexes (https://www.dshs.texas.gov/vs/marriagedivorce/dindex.shtm) (Report). Texas Department of State Health Services. 2000 . Retrieved 2020-02-06 . 104004 SCOTT JOHN M 42 KENDRA L 32 02 06/24/2000 08/22/2006 ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Jewelry Designer Kendra Scott's Glam Wedding in Sedona, AZ" (https://www.brides.com/story/kendra-scott-jewelry-designer-wedding-katrina-wallace) . Brides.com . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Denton, Korey (23 October 2019). "The untold truth of Kendra Scott" (https://www.thelist.com/171550/the-untold-truth-of-kendra-scott/) . The List . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-kvue_43-0) Flores, Rebecca (17 September 2019). "A day in the life of Kendra Scott, the CEO of a billion-dollar jewelry empire" (https://www.kvue.com/article/features/kendra-scott-day-in-the-life/269-180b89ed-d3ca-453f-9b61-289f7073c149) . KVUE . Retrieved 4 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Khera, Japleen (23 October 2020). "Is Kendra Scott Married? Who is Kendra Scott's Husband? Does She Have Kids?" (https://www.thecinemaholic.com/is-kendra-scott-married-does-she-have-children) . The Cinemaholic . Retrieved 27 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-tribeza_45-0) Phillips, Hannah (29 January 2021). "Kendra Scott On Personal Challenges In 2020, Feeling Stronger & Giving Back – Exclusive" (https://tribeza.com/kendra-scott-shark-tank-pandemic-more/) . Retrieved 1 February 2021 . 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Dress worn by Nicole Kidman in 1997 Chartreuse Dior dress of Nicole Kidman Designer John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) for Dior (/wiki/Dior) Year 1997 Type Chartreuse dress The Chartreuse Dior dress of Nicole Kidman refers to the Chinoiserie (/wiki/Chinoiserie) chartreuse (/wiki/Chartreuse_(color)) Dior (/wiki/Dior) dress worn by Australian actress Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) to the 69th Academy Awards (/wiki/69th_Academy_Awards) on March 24, 1997. The dress was designed by John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) magazine stated that the dress was "a landmark moment for both designer and wearer: Galliano had just been appointed creative director of Dior the previous fall, and Kidman's Oscars appearance signaled his arrival as a potent new force on the red carpet". [1] (#cite_note-W170523-1) The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) included the dress on their list of "the most memorable Oscars red carpet dresses of all time" and said the dress "changed the course of red carpet fashion". [2] (#cite_note-2) The Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) called it one of the most influential Oscar dresses of all time. [1] (#cite_note-W170523-1) Melissa Rivers (/wiki/Melissa_Rivers) , who covered the Oscars for E! (/wiki/E!) that year, called it "the first true couture dress on the red carpet". [3] (#cite_note-3) Joan Rivers (/wiki/Joan_Rivers) , also covering the event, said the colour of the dress was ugly and mimed retching noises. [4] (#cite_note-4) W magazine called the dress a "flawless, devastating silk gown in iridescent chartreuse that immediately appalled Joan Rivers and upstaged Tom Cruise (/wiki/Tom_Cruise) ." [1] (#cite_note-W170523-1) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) executive Bridget Foley told Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) that Joan Rivers' comment changed the red carpet, "I mark that observation as a turning point. A sad turning point away from anything remotely fashion-y and interesting toward the melting pot of mundane we see today on the red carpet." [5] (#cite_note-5) Writing in 2003 for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Sally Singer described the dress as "the first time anybody had worn haute couture to the Oscars with real conviction." [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Kidman told her that the dress was still her favorite red carpet piece. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Cusumano, Katherine (May 23, 2017). "Don't Call It a Comeback: Nicole Kidman Has a Long History of Wearing Daring Dresses on the Red Carpet" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/nicole-kidman-daring-fashion-red-carpet/) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A look back at the most memorable Oscars red carpet dresses of all time" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/events/best-oscars-dresses-style-outfits-fashion-looks-all-time-celebs/although-kidmans-chinoiserie-chartreuse-galliano-for-dior-gown-s/) . The Daily Telegraph . February 9, 2020 . Retrieved December 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hines, Alice (February 19, 2015). "What Is the Most Influential Oscar Dress of All-Time?" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/what-most-influential-oscar-dress-all-time-180954356/) . Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ginsberg, Merle (September 17, 2014). "The Night Joan Rivers Terrorized Nicole Kidman" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/night-joan-rivers-terrorized-nicole-733310) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Miller, Julie (August 11, 2014). "The Evolution of Hollywood's Red Carpet, from the Golden Age to the GlamCam360" (https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/08/red-carpet-history) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved December 7, 2020 . ^ a b Singer, Sally (2009). "Nicole Kidman". In Kotur, Alexandra (ed.). The World in Vogue: People, Parties, Places . New York. p. 218. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-307-27187-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 316029832 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/316029832) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) v t e Notable red carpet outfits (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) 1950s White floral Givenchy dress (/wiki/White_floral_Givenchy_dress_of_Audrey_Hepburn) ( Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , 1954) 1990s Red Versace dress (/wiki/Red_Versace_dress_of_Cindy_Crawford) ( Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , 1991) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Elizabeth_Hurley) ( Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) , 1994) Lavender Prada dress (/wiki/Lavender_Prada_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 1995) American Express Gold card dress (/wiki/American_Express_Gold_card_dress_of_Lizzy_Gardiner) ( Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) , 1995) Chartreuse Dior dress ( Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , 1997) Pink Ralph Lauren dress (/wiki/Pink_Ralph_Lauren_dress_of_Gwyneth_Paltrow) ( Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) , 1999) 2000s Early Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) ( Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , 2000) Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 2000) Black and white Valentino dress (/wiki/Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) ( Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , 2001) Swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) ( Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , 2001) Elie Saab net dress (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) ( Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , 2002) Red Ben de Lisi dress (/wiki/Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet) ( Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) , 2002) Red Tarvydas dress (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) ( Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) , 2004) White Marc Bouwer dress (/wiki/White_Marc_Bouwer_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2004) Late Navy blue Guy Laroche dress (/wiki/Navy_blue_Guy_Laroche_dress_of_Hilary_Swank) ( Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) , 2005) Yellow Valentino dress (/wiki/Yellow_Valentino_dress_of_Cate_Blanchett) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2005) Plum Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Plum_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Keira_Knightley) ( Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , 2006) Saffron Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Saffron_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Michelle_Williams) ( Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)) , 2006) Pink feathered Versace dress (/wiki/Pink_feathered_Versace_dress_of_Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) ( Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , 2007) Swarovski crystal mesh Armani dress (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal_mesh_Armani_Priv%C3%A9_gown) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2007) Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress (/wiki/Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) ( Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) , 2008) 2010s Meat dress (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) ( Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , 2010) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2012) Blue Prada dress (/wiki/Blue_Prada_dress_of_Lupita_Nyong%27o) ( Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , 2014) Black Christian Siriano tuxedo gown (/wiki/Black_Christian_Siriano_gown_of_Billy_Porter) ( Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) , 2019) 2020s Autograph suit (/wiki/Autograph_suit_of_Sandy_Powell) ( Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) , 2020) Other notable dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Category (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐bxdtw Cached time: 20240716061025 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.267 seconds Real time usage: 0.359 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 881/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36847/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 945/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33982/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4945552/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.930 1 -total 35.16% 114.950 1 Template:Reflist 26.95% 88.104 4 Template:Cite_magazine 26.00% 84.996 1 Template:Red_carpet_fashion 25.81% 84.389 2 Template:Navbox 21.40% 69.971 1 Template:Short_description 12.92% 42.244 2 Template:Pagetype 10.95% 35.812 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 10.44% 34.129 1 Template:Infobox 5.06% 16.554 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66043175-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716061025 and revision id 1154250607. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chartreuse_Dior_dress_of_Nicole_Kidman&oldid=1154250607 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chartreuse_Dior_dress_of_Nicole_Kidman&oldid=1154250607) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) 1997 clothing (/wiki/Category:1997_clothing) Outfits worn at the Academy Awards ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Category:Nicole_Kidman) Dior (/wiki/Category:Dior) Green dresses (/wiki/Category:Green_dresses) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) EngvarB from June 2021 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_June_2021) Use mdy dates from October 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2021)
Single-coloured Mongol robe Jisün Textile fragment of the Mongol cloth of gold with falcons Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 济孙 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Jìsūn Jisün (Mongolian term), also known as zhisunfu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 质孙服 ) or Zhisun ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 质孙 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 質孫 , also written as Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 只孙 or Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 直孙 ), zhixun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 只逊 ), jixun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 济逊 ), zhama ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 诈玛 ; Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 詐馬 Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) : جامه ) or Jisun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 济孙 ), was a very important male Mongol (/wiki/Mongols) garment during the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 29 [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) They were also known as Mongol " robes of honour (/wiki/Robe_of_honour) " ( khil'at ). [4] (#cite_note-:9-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The zhisun was a form of ceremonial clothing, [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) which was worn during the jisün banquets (/w/index.php?title=Jis%C3%BCn_banquets&action=edit&redlink=1) (also known as zhama banquets ), [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) which were the most important ceremony of the Yuan dynasty court . [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 63 The zhisun were made of textile woven with gold and silk of one colour. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) In China (/wiki/China) , the zhisun was introduced during the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) and was inherited by the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) during the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) In both the Yuan (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) and Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the zhisun is a single-coloured court robe. [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 29 [12] (#cite_note-:8-12) The zhisun is a type of Mongol terlig (/wiki/Terlig) . [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Terminology [ edit ] The term zhama came from the Persian word jāmah which is translated as "garment" or "robe" or "coat" or "clothing". [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 64 [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) [13] (#cite_note-13) : 82 The term jisün means "colour" in Mongolian. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 62–64 [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) [4] (#cite_note-:9-4) The term zhisun originates from the Mongolian term jisün . [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) In the History of the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/History_of_the_Yuan_dynasty) , the zhisun are defined as "a dress of the same colour" or "being of one colour" or "robe of one colour" or "dress in one colour" ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 一色服 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : yisefu ). [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 63 [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) The term zhixun was used in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and originated from the term zhisun . [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] The zhisun likely originated in early period of the Mongol (/wiki/Mongols) rule; it was first introduced under the rule of Genghis Khan (/wiki/Genghis_Khan) , but it became more elaborate after the foundation of the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) by Kublai Khan (/wiki/Kublai_Khan) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 29 Yuan dynasty [ edit ] In the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) , the zhisun was worn by the Yuan Emperors and officials. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) The zhisun was a ceremonial court dress which was bestowed by the Emperors to the higher-ranking officials, imperial relatives, those who had made great contributions and those who serve the emperors . [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) It could only be worn when bestowed by the emperor as such it held an important place for every official's political life in the Yuan dynasty; and if it was bestowed by the Emperor, the zhisun had to be worn. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) In 1321 AD, during the rule of Emperor Yingzong (/wiki/Gegeen_Khan) , the zhisunfu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 质孙服 ) dressing code was officially formulated. [14] (#cite_note-:10-14) This dress code also combined the clothing characteristics of both the Han Chinese and the Mongol ethnicity. [14] (#cite_note-:10-14) In 1332 AD, an imperial edict stated that all officials and imperial guards who had been bestowed with zhisun were required to wear it during the imperial banquets, and those would pawn off their zhisun would be punished. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Distinguished higher-ranking imperial officials, in particular, wore it when they would meet with the Emperors or when they would attend banquets. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) The zhisun worn by the Han Chinese who would participate in the banquets organized by the Yuan imperial court were also bestowed by the Yuan Emperors. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) The participants of the jisun banquets had to be dressed in the same colour. [4] (#cite_note-:9-4) The zhisun could also be worn by lower-ranking singers, musicians, and security guards. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [15] (#cite_note-15) However, it appears that there were two kind of zhisun during the banquets: the first type which was worn as a formal dress for the Yuan Emperors, his officials and the nobilities, and the second type which was worn by the servants. [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Ming dynasty [ edit ] In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the Zhisun was mainly worn as a regular clothing by military officials, [12] (#cite_note-:8-12) such as the court guards and guards of honour, who are referred as xiaowei ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 校尉 ). [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) In 1373 AD, the clothing of the imperial body guards was changed to the zhisun, a solid colour robe which had been inherited from the Yuan dynasty. [16] (#cite_note-16) According to Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty (/wiki/Collected_Statutes_of_the_Ming_Dynasty) and the Writings after a dream in Shining Spring ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 春明梦余录 ), the xiaowei all wore zhisun robe. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) According to the Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty , the Embroidered Uniform Guard (/wiki/Embroidered_Uniform_Guard) who were on duty at the East and West City circuit and the other men in charged of whip-throwing, fan-holding, umbrella-like towel-holding also wore the zhisun. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) According to Understanding Elegance , the red or green robes which were made out of silk and which were worn by the Embroidered Uniform Guard was called zhixun; the zhixun was decorated with ground flowers. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) Design and construction [ edit ] The zhisun is described as being of a single colour. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 29 The zhisun worn by the Yuan emperor and higher-ranking officials during court banquets typically had the same colour, design and form, with the workmanship and exquisiteness of ornaments as the difference. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 63–64 [4] (#cite_note-:9-4) All the zhisun worn by Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) during court banquets all the same form and design. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) However, the zhisun was not made to have a fixed design or form. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) According to the History of the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/History_of_the_Yuan_dynasty) , the zhisun is described as not having a fixed design or form, and the summer design is different from the winter design. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) These robes were also different in design depending on the social classes of its wearer, but they were all referred as zhisun. [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) For example, the emperor had 11 varieties of zhisun for the winter season and 15 varieties for summer while members of the nobility and the senior officials had 9 varieties of zhisun during winter and 14 in summer. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 63 The zhisun could also be made from variety of fabrics, including nasīj (or nasji; Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 納石失 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Nàshíshī ), silk, and wool ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 速夫 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : sufu ). [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 62–64 They were also embellished with precious stones and pearls. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) : 62–64 [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) In the Great statutes of statecraft《經世大典 - Jingshi dadian》 by Yu Ji (1272–1348) recorded that the "Zhisun is the robe worn by high officials when they attend an imperial banquet. Nowadays it takes the form of a bright red robe with string of large pearls sewn on the back and shoulders [...]". [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Derivatives and influences [ edit ] China [ edit ] The yesa robe (/wiki/Yesa_robe) , which was a new form garment in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , has some of its mixed-elements either developed from the Mongol terlig (/wiki/Terlig) , [1] (#cite_note-:15-1) or from the zhisun robe, which is itself a form of terlig. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [17] (#cite_note-17) Similar garments [ edit ] Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Terlig (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) See also [ edit ] Fashion in Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_Yuan_dynasty) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Robe of honour (/wiki/Robe_of_honour) - an ancient tradition of bestowing clothing Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) - a loose, long-sleeved outer silk (/wiki/Silk) or cotton (/wiki/Cotton) robe (/wiki/Robe) common in Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) and South Asia (/wiki/South_Asia) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Wei, Luo (2018-01-02). "A Preliminary Study of Mongol Costumes in the Ming Dynasty" (https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2018.1414417) . Social Sciences in China . 39 (1): 165–185. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/02529203.2018.1414417 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02529203.2018.1414417) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0252-9203 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0252-9203) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 149138176 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149138176) . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Shea, Eiren L. (2020). Mongol court dress, identity formation, and global exchange . New York, NY. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-34065-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1139920835 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139920835) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c d e f g Cho, Woohyun; Yi, Jaeyoon; Kim, Jinyoung (2015). "The Dress of the Mongol Empire: Genealogy and Diaspora of the "Terlig" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43957479) " (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43957479) . Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 68 (3): 269–279. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1556/062.2015.68.3.2 (https://doi.org/10.1556%2F062.2015.68.3.2) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0001-6446 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6446) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 43957479 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43957479) . ^ a b c d Oka, Ildikó (2015). "Mongol Clothing in the Yuan Period" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43957434) . Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 68 (4): 385–414. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1556/062.2015.68.4.2 (https://doi.org/10.1556%2F062.2015.68.4.2) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0001-6446 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6446) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 43957434 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43957434) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lane, George (2006). Daily life in the Mongol empire . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-33226-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 61520398 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61520398) . ^ a b "Cloth of Gold: Displayed Falcons" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1996.297) . Cleveland Museum of Art . 2018 . Retrieved 2022-03-24 . ^ a b c d e f g h E., Watt, James C. Y. Wardwell, Anne (1997). When silk was gold : Central Asian and Chinese textiles . Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 138. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8109-6513-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 470318441 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/470318441) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ a b c d Allsen, Thomas T. (2001). "Robing in the Mongolian Empire". Robes and Honor : the Medieval World of Investiture . Stewart Gordon. New York. pp. 305–313. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-349-61845-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1004381659 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1004381659) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b "Clothing, Food, Housing and Transportation". Introduction to Chinese culture : cultural history, arts, festivals and rituals . Guobin Xu, Yanhui Chen, Lianhua Xu, Kaiju Chen, Xiyuan Xiong, Wenquan Wu. Singapore. 2018. p. 185. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-10-8156-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1030303372 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1030303372) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b "A Study on the Zhisun–A Kind of Mongolian Grande Toilette of the Yuan Dynasty--《Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)》2008年02期" (https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-NMDB200802009.htm) . en.cnki.com.cn . Retrieved 2021-04-18 . ^ a b Schlesinger, Jonathan (2017). A world trimmed with fur : wild things, pristine places, and the natural fringes of Qing rule . Stanford, California. p. 31. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5036-0068-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 949669739 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/949669739) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Finnane, Antonia (2008). Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation . New York: Columbia University Press. p. 46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-14350-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 84903948 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84903948) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) The legacy of Genghis Khan : courtly art and culture in western Asia, 1256-1353 . Linda Komaroff, Stefano Carboni, Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York. 2002. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-300-09691-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 50228448 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50228448) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b "Costume in the Yuan Dynasty---ASEAN---China Center" (http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2010-05/26/c_13316039.htm) . www.asean-china-center.org . Retrieved 2021-07-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Chinese Traditional Dress Through the Ages" (http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2012-11/05/content_445207.htm) . en.chinaculture.org . Retrieved 2021-04-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Zujie, Yuan (2007-01-01). "Dressing for power: Rite, costume, and state authority in Ming Dynasty China" (https://brill.com/view/journals/fhic/2/2/article-p181_4.xml) . Frontiers of History in China . 2 (2): 181–212. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/s11462-007-0012-x (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11462-007-0012-x) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1673-3401 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1673-3401) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 195069294 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195069294) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Wang, Guojun (2020). Staging personhood : costuming in early Qing drama . New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-54957-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1129398697 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1129398697) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) 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Non-binding stretch pants originally worn as athletic or leisurewear Yoga pants Type Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) , dancewear (/wiki/Dancewear) , sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) Inventor Chip Wilson (/wiki/Chip_Wilson) Inception 1998 ( 1998 ) Manufacturer Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) , then many others Yoga pants are high- denier (/wiki/Denier_(unit)) hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) reaching from ankle to waist, originally designed for yoga as exercise (/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise) and first sold in 1998 by Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) , a company founded for that purpose. They were initially made of a mix of nylon (/wiki/Nylon) and Lycra (/wiki/Lycra) ; more specialised fabrics have been introduced to provide moisture-wicking (/wiki/Moisture-wicking) , compression (/wiki/Compression_fabric) , and odour reduction. The market has increased both through the popularity of yoga and because many women wear yoga pants as casual everyday dress. This is part of a long-term " athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) " trend of increasing informality in dress, threatening sales of traditional jeans (/wiki/Jeans) . In the United States, the wearing of yoga pants other than for exercise has aroused controversy, both for school use and when worn by women. [1] (#cite_note-Foley_2014-1) Global sales of yoga clothing have all the same grown rapidly, reaching some $31 billion by 2018. [2] (#cite_note-2) Origins [ edit ] Yoga (/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)) originated in India as a spiritual practice. [3] (#cite_note-3) In India in the early 20th century, the postures of medieval haṭha yoga (/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_yoga) were combined with movements from gymnastics, creating a new tradition of postural yoga (/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise) . [4] (#cite_note-Singleton_2011-4) By the 1990s, this had become a popular form of exercise across the Western world, especially for women. [5] (#cite_note-Jain_2015-5) Yoga pants made of nylon (/wiki/Nylon) and Lycra (/wiki/Lycra) appeared on the market in 1998, sold by Lululemon in its first store in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , Canada as suitable attire for the yoga studio. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) [7] (#cite_note-Walker_NYT_2009-7) Lululemon's founder, Chip Wilson (/wiki/Chip_Wilson) , is said to have attended a yoga class in 1997 where the instructor was wearing "slinky dance attire" that fitted like a second skin, reportedly inspiring him to found his yoga fashion business. [8] (#cite_note-Thompson_2018-8) In 2005 Lululemon introduced a stretch fabric (Luon) with more nylon microfibre and less polyester (/wiki/Polyester) , followed by several more specialised fabrics: a four-way stretch moisture-wicking (/wiki/Moisture-wicking) fabric (Luxtreme), a compression fabric (/wiki/Compression_fabric) (Nulux), and an odour-reducing fabric containing silver as an antibacterial (/wiki/Antibacterial) (Silverescent). [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) Yoga pants increased in popularity, to the point where by 2014 American teenagers preferred them to jeans (/wiki/Jeans) ; the jeans manufacturer Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) , threatened with "an existential crisis", [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) was obliged to make some of its jeans stretchy. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) Yoga pants took some years to spread around the world; the first Lululemon store in Europe opened in 2014, in London, England's Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . [9] (#cite_note-Drapers_2014-9) Numerous competitors entered the market, some of them such as Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , and Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) also offering specialised fabrics. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) Types [ edit ] Styles and brands of yoga pants are available at a wide range of prices, [10] (#cite_note-Independent_2019-10) determined primarily by brand: in 2015, a high-end pair from the specialist retailer Lululemon cost $98, whereas a less well-known brand sold by the general retailer Target cost $20. [5] (#cite_note-Jain_2015-5) By 2018, there were over 11,000 types, according to Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) , with a style by Lucas High on sale for as much as $230. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) Styles include the traditional boot-cut (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boot_cut) and flared yoga pants with a flat waistband (/wiki/Waistband) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Basic yoga pants are black, tight-fitted, boot-cut, flared, and reversible; they are made of a four-way stretch fabric, with a flat elastic waistband at the top. They provide flexibility and comfort, wicking moisture away from the body and helping to keep the wearer cool and comfortable. They may be made from blends of cotton, Lycra spandex (/wiki/Spandex) , nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , polyester (/wiki/Polyester) , wool, or similar light and stretchy synthetic material (/wiki/Stretch_fabric) giving the pants a soft, smooth finish. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-SHI_2018-13) Usage [ edit ] Further information: Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Many members of this yoga class (/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise) are wearing yoga pants; others wear shorts or tracksuit bottoms. Yoga pants have migrated from the yoga studio to the high street (/wiki/High_Street) ; from the early 2010s, they have increasingly been used as everyday casual wear. [14] (#cite_note-hahn-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Some women wear them around the house, as maternity wear, and for dancing. [16] (#cite_note-16) Yoga pants have even been adopted as office wear; in 2014, Betabrand (/wiki/Betabrand) 's " dress pant (/wiki/Dress_pants) yoga pants" became its bestselling product. [17] (#cite_note-Verge-17) Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) suggested that these could be paired with high-heeled shoes (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) and a smart blouse (/wiki/Blouse) to help them fit in. [18] (#cite_note-18) Jessica Grose (/wiki/Jessica_Grose) , writing in Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) , responded that whatever was done to yoga pants to make them look more like dress pants (business suit trousers), they were still leggings (/wiki/Leggings) . [19] (#cite_note-Slate-19) Suzanne Wexler, writing in the Vancouver Sun (/wiki/The_Vancouver_Sun) , agreed, calling yoga pants with heels and blouse "a fashion faux pas (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faux_pas) ". [20] (#cite_note-Vancouver_Sun_2011-20) The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) however suggested, based on a preliminary 2012 study of " enclothed cognition (/wiki/Enclothed_cognition) ", [a] (#cite_note-21) that wearing active clothing might encourage people to exercise more. [21] (#cite_note-AdamGalinsky2012-22) [22] (#cite_note-23) The fashion historian Amanda Hallay said that women want to look as if they are running to the gym, whether they are or not. [23] (#cite_note-24) Another fashion historian, Deirdre Clemente, states that athleisure clothing arrived when three trends came together: the technical improvement of fibres to create strong, long-lasting and flexible materials such as spandex; a Western fascination for appearing extremely healthy; and the decline of formality in clothing, allowing yoga clothing to blend into office wear. In Clemente's view, all three of these trends developed slowly throughout the 20th century. [8] (#cite_note-Thompson_2018-8) Rachel Marlow, writing in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , said that yoga pants had become acceptable wear for women "on the school run, in the line for morning coffee, over a business lunch, or even drinks". [24] (#cite_note-Marlowe_2016-25) Demand for comfortable active, athletic, sports and casual wear has increased since the turn of the 21st century. [25] (#cite_note-26) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) reported their women's business comprised $7 billion in 2010. [26] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2013-27) The larger athleisure market grew to $33.6 billion by 2015, [27] (#cite_note-28) and $48 billion by 2018. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_2018-6) Nike claims the driving factor has been the demand for fashionable and flattering workout gear. [26] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2013-27) New colours, patterns, and structural designs have created more versatility and increased the wearing of yoga pants in public settings. Author Mae Anderson, writing in The Denver Post (/wiki/Denver_Post) in 2013, called yoga pants the "new jeans (/wiki/Jeans) ". [26] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2013-27) Hollie Shaw, writing in the Financial Post (/wiki/Financial_Post) in 2015, talked about the "Lululemon effect" [28] (#cite_note-Shaw_2015-29) which had replaced jeans with yoga pants and observed that men too were starting to wear them instead of denim (/wiki/Denim) . [28] (#cite_note-Shaw_2015-29) Social issues [ edit ] In the United States, the wider adoption of yoga pants proved controversial for schools. [1] (#cite_note-Foley_2014-1) Some schools adopted dress codes (/wiki/Dress_codes) banning yoga pants for all students, or banning them only for female students. [29] (#cite_note-MA-30) [30] (#cite_note-31) [31] (#cite_note-32) Bitch (/wiki/Bitch_(magazine)) magazine argued such bans are largely gendered, focusing on the damage caused by supposed "distraction" of boys by girls in tight clothing; [32] (#cite_note-33) similar complaints caused a ban in Rockport, Massachusetts (/wiki/Rockport,_Massachusetts) , that was quickly reversed. [29] (#cite_note-MA-30) In Montana, a 2015 bill supposedly sought to outlaw both yoga pants and leggings, [33] (#cite_note-Montana_2015-34) but the representative concerned, David Moore, claimed that this had been a joke. [34] (#cite_note-Glenza_2015-35) The tight-fitting nature of yoga pants for adult women has also stirred up discussion. In The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) in 2014, Rosalie Murphy criticized the glossy yoga magazines such as Yoga Journal (/wiki/Yoga_Journal) which always featured a female yoga practitioner (/wiki/Women_in_yoga) in tight yoga pants and tank top (/wiki/Tank_top_(shirt)) , "stretching her arms toward the sky or closing her eyes in meditation (/wiki/Meditation) ." [35] (#cite_note-Murphy_2014-36) Time magazine (/wiki/Time_magazine) recorded that in 2016, a man in Rhode Island wrote to a local newspaper calling the wearing of yoga pants by women "bizarre and disturbing"; in response, hundreds of demonstrators (/wiki/Demonstration_(political)) in tight clothing assembled in front of his house. [36] (#cite_note-Waxman_2017-37) In an opinion piece in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , Honor Jones argued that yoga pants were bad for women, stating that women were wearing yoga pants because of social pressure to be "sexy", and urged women to wear shape-concealing sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) instead. [37] (#cite_note-Jones_NYT_2018-38) Anne Kingston disagreed with Jones, writing in Maclean's (/wiki/Maclean%27s) in 2018 that a looser style of sweatpants had already re-entered athleisure fashion, and that there were solid practical reasons for tight yoga pants, such as that they make it easier for instructors and students to check their body alignment, reducing the risk of injury. [38] (#cite_note-Kingston_2018-39) See also [ edit ] Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) List of asanas (/wiki/List_of_asanas) List of yoga schools (/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools) Modern yoga gurus (/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus) Yoga brick (/wiki/Yoga_brick) Yoga in America (/wiki/Yoga_in_America) Yoga mat (/wiki/Yoga_mat) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-21) Compare Embodied cognition (/wiki/Embodied_cognition) . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Foley, Heather (10 April 2014). "Your guide to America's war on yoga pants" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070529/http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/fashion/2014/04/10/america-war-yoga-pants/C7cE8EIbZdjTLbMW9luL6H/story.html) . Boston.com . Archived from the original (http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/fashion/2014/04/10/america-war-yoga-pants/C7cE8EIbZdjTLbMW9luL6H/story.html) on 5 Mar 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yoga Clothing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Men, Women, Children), By Distribution Channel (Offline, Online), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2019–2025" (https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/yoga-clothing-market) . Grand View Research. September 2019 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . Base Year for Estimate: 2018 Report ID: GVR-3-68038-810-7 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Monier-Williams, Monier (/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams) , "Yoga", A Sanskrit Dictionary , 1899. ^ (#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_4-0) Singleton, Mark (/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)) (4 February 2011). "The Ancient & Modern Roots of Yoga" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200614102453/https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/yoga-s-greater-truth) . Yoga Journal (/wiki/Yoga_Journal) . Archived from the original (https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/yoga-s-greater-truth) on 14 Jun 2020 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jain, Andrea (/wiki/Andrea_Jain) (2015). Selling Yoga: From Counterculture to Pop culture . Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . pp. xvii, 80, 177–178. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-939024-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 878953765 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/878953765) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bhasin, Kim; Porter, Gerald Jr. (31 October 2018). "How America Became a Nation of Yoga Pants" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-31/how-america-became-a-nation-of-yoga-pants) . Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Walker_NYT_2009_7-0) Walker, Rob (21 July 2009). "Marketing Pose" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/26/magazine/26FOB-consumed-t.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Derek (28 October 2018). "Everything You Wear Is Athleisure" (https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/bicycle-bloomers-yoga-pants-how-sports-shaped-modern-fashion/574081/) . The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Drapers_2014_9-0) Bearne, Suzanne (20 February 2014). "Lululemon limbers up to open first UK store in Covent Garden" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/lululemon-limbers-up-to-open-first-uk-store-in-covent-garden#.VNLA953F-NM) . Drapers . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_2019_10-0) Willgress, lYDIA (9 January 2019). "8 best yoga pants" (https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity/yoga/best-yoga-pants-a7339041.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity/yoga/best-yoga-pants-a7339041.html) from the original on 2022-05-07. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fern, Ashley (27 January 2014). "#DefaultOutfit: The 19 Reasons All Women Worship Yoga Pants" (http://elitedaily.com/women/the-19-reasons-all-women-worship-yoga-pants/) . Elite Daily . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Sweeney, Kevin (15 June 2011). "Absorbent Activewear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200213082109/https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/beauty/fashion/g25950081/cheap-workout-clothes-places-to-buy/) . Good Housekeeping . Archived from the original (http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/institute/a19218/absorbent-activewear/) on 13 Feb 2020 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-SHI_2018_13-0) "The Yoga Pant Problem | The rise of synthetic fibers and the war on cotton (Episode 228)" (https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/the-yoga-pant-problem) . Science History Institute (/wiki/Science_History_Institute) . 12 February 2018 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-hahn_14-0) Hahn, Fritz (28 January 2014). "Ink Lounge and Tattoo Bar want to see your yoga pants in the club" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-guide/wp/2014/01/28/ink-lounge-and-tattoo-bar-want-to-see-your-yoga-pants-in-the-club/?tid=up_next) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Brodesser-Akner, Taffy (/wiki/Taffy_Brodesser-Akner) (16 March 2011). "To Stretch or Not to Stretch" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/fashion/17elastic.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Folan, Kerry (15 December 2016). "Yoga pants are comfy. They're also an assault on manners and a nihilistic threat" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/15/yoga-pants-are-comfy-theyre-also-an-assault-on-manners-and-a-nihilistic-threat/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . - Edwards, Jim (4 September 2015). "The long, strange history of Lululemon Athletica Inc, North America's weirdest clothing brand" (http://business.financialpost.com/business-insider/the-long-strange-history-of-lululemon-athletica-inc-north-americas-weirdest-clothing-brand) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Verge_17-0) Lowensohn, John (20 February 2014). "Sink or sew: how Betabrand turns crazy ideas into real clothing" (https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/20/5430460/move-fast-and-sew-things-how-betabrand-turns-crazy-ideas-into-real-stuff) . The Verge (/wiki/The_Verge) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Kane, Colleen (4 June 2015). "Like it or not, designer yoga pants have become legitimate office wear" (http://fortune.com/2015/06/04/like-it-or-not-designer-yoga-pants-have-become-legitimate-office-wear/) . Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Slate_19-0) Grose, Jessica (3 January 2014). "Workout Wear Friday Is Not a Thing" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/01/03/_workout_wear_friday_and_yoga_pants_that_look_like_dress_pants_no.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vancouver_Sun_2011_20-0) Wexler, Suzanne (18 April 2011). "Yoga sweats are not pants" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120414074730/https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/yoga+sweats+pants/4636926/story.html) . The Vancouver Sun (/wiki/The_Vancouver_Sun) . Archived from the original (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/yoga+sweats+pants/4636926/story.html) on 14 April 2012 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-AdamGalinsky2012_22-0) Adam, Hajo; Galinsky, Adam D. (2012). "Enclothed cognition". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (/wiki/Journal_of_Experimental_Social_Psychology) . 48 (4): 918–925. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jesp.2012.02.008) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0022-1031 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1031) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Wiebe, Jamie (12 December 2013). "Psychology of Lululemon: How Fashion Affects Fitness" (https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/12/psychology-of-lululemon-how-fashion-affects-fitness/281959/) . The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Ritchie, L. Carol (6 September 2014). "Blue Jeans Losing Their Grip On American Hips" (https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/09/06/346274386/blue-jeans-losing-their-grip-on-american-hips) . The Two-Way . NPR (/wiki/NPR) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Marlowe_2016_25-0) Marlowe, Rachel (7 January 2016). "The 5 Golden Rules of Athleisure: Is It Really Acceptable to Wear Yoga Pants All Day Long?" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rules-for-wearing-workoutwear) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Stalder, Erika (2008). Fashion 101: A Crash Course in Clothing . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt) . p. 59. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780547946931 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Anderson, Mae (25 November 2013). "How yoga pants became the new jeans" (http://www.denverpost.com/lifestyles/ci_24595974/how-yoga-pants-became-new-jeans) . Denver Post (/wiki/Denver_Post) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Will yoga pants have jean makers singing the blues?" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-yoga-pants-have-jean-makers-singing-the-blues/) . CBS Money Watch . September 5, 2014 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shaw, Hollie (30 May 2015). "How sweatpants went from 'a sign of defeat' to the new designer fashion trend" (http://business.financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/a-sign-of-defeat-no-more-how-sweatpants-went-from-the-ultimate-fashion-taboo-to-a-designer-trend) . Financial Post (/wiki/Financial_Post) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shemkus, Sarah (6 March 2014). "Rockport High School leggings-ban controversy still simmers" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/regionals/north/2014/03/06/rockport-high-school-leggings-ban-controversy-still-simmers/bB6p4Q7AQeriyIACzAjlWJ/story.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Lestch, Corinne (3 October 2014). " (http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/distracting-yoga-pants-banned-officials-north-dakota-high-school-article-1.1962380) 'Distracting' yoga pants banned by officials at North Dakota high school" (http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/distracting-yoga-pants-banned-officials-north-dakota-high-school-article-1.1962380) . New York Daily News . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Parents Say School's Leggings 'Ban' Is Unfair To Girls, 'Contributes To Rape Culture' (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/19/school-bans-leggings_n_4993941.html) " (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/19/school-bans-leggings_n_4993941.html) . Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . 19 March 2014 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Chin, Elleanor (15 October 2014). "Instead of Banning Yoga Pants, Schools Should Crack Down on Harassment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150507105437/http://bitchmagazine.org/post/instead-of-banning-yoga-pants-schools-should-crack-down-on-harassment) . Bitch (/wiki/Bitch_Magazine) . Archived from the original (http://bitchmagazine.org/post/instead-of-banning-yoga-pants-schools-should-crack-down-on-harassment) on 7 May 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-Montana_2015_34-0) Culp-Ressler, Tara (11 February 2015). "Proposed Bill Has Everyone Confused About Whether You Can Arrest People For Wearing Yoga Pants" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190907025707/https://thinkprogress.org/proposed-bill-has-everyone-confused-about-whether-you-can-arrest-people-for-wearing-yoga-pants-9cf89a3dab10/) . ThinkProgress. Archived from the original (https://thinkprogress.org/proposed-bill-has-everyone-confused-about-whether-you-can-arrest-people-for-wearing-yoga-pants-9cf89a3dab10) on 7 Sep 2019 . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glenza_2015_35-0) Glenza, Jessica (14 February 2015). "Republican in Montana yoga pants obscenity uproar explains: it was a joke" (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/14/republican-montana-yoga-pants-obscenity) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-Murphy_2014_36-0) Murphy, Rosalie (8 July 2014). "Why Your Yoga Class Is So White" (http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/07/why-your-yoga-class-is-so-white/374002/) . The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Waxman_2017_37-0) Waxman, Olivia B. (27 March 2017). "How Leggings Became the Most Controversial Pants" (https://time.com/4713921/leggings-history-origins/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-Jones_NYT_2018_38-0) Jones, Honor (18 February 2018). "Why Yoga Pants are Bad for Women | Whatever happened to sweatpants?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/17/opinion/sunday/yoga-pants-sweatpants-women.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. SR6. ^ (#cite_ref-Kingston_2018_39-0) Kingston, Anne (19 February 2018). "Op-eds about why yoga pants are 'bad for women' are bad for women" (https://www.macleans.ca/society/op-eds-about-why-yoga-pants-are-bad-for-women-are-bad-for-women/) . Maclean's (/wiki/Maclean%27s) . Retrieved 21 February 2020 . v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper 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Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Lower leg Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Bootee (/wiki/Bootee) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Socks (/wiki/Sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) Crew sock (/wiki/Crew_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Low cut (/wiki/Low_cut_sock) Full leg Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Fully fashioned stockings (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_stockings) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) RHT stockings (/wiki/RHT_stockings) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Yoga pants Full body Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Historical Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Brands Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Edoo 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(/wiki/Enlighten_Up!) 2012 Breath of the Gods (/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods) Schools (/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools) ( Gurus (/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus) ) 1918 The Yoga Institute (/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute) Shri Yogendra (/wiki/Shri_Yogendra) Hansa Yogendra (/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra) 1924 Kaivalyadhama (/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center) Swami Kuvalayananda (/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda) 1934 Viniyoga (/wiki/Viniyoga) Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya) Yoga Makaranda (/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda) T. K. V. Desikachar (/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar) A. G. Mohan (/wiki/A._G._Mohan) Indra Devi (/wiki/Indra_Devi) Srivatsa Ramaswami (/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami) Vanda Scaravelli (/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli) c. 1948 Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga (/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga) K. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Carly+Bigi%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Carly+Bigi%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Carly+Bigi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Carly+Bigi%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Carly+Bigi%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Carly+Bigi%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Carly+Bigi%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Carly+Bigi%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Carly_Bigi) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Carly_Bigi&defaults=y) Declined by Jamiebuba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jamiebuba) 4 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot (/wiki/User:Citation_bot) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:TechNerd1278&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Carly Bigi, American technology founder and investor Carly Bigi is an American technology entrepreneur and investor best known as the founder of Laws of Motion . Early life and education [ edit ] Carly holds a Bachelors of Science degree in Human and Organizational Development and Financial Economics from Vanderbilt University (/wiki/Vanderbilt_University) and an MBA from Columbia Business School (/wiki/Columbia_Business_School) [1] (#cite_note-1) . Career [ edit ] Deloitte Consulting [ edit ] From 2012-2015, Bigi worked at Deloitte Consulting (/wiki/Deloitte_Consulting) in Chicago, IL. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Laws of Motion [ edit ] In 2017, after graduating from Columbia Business School [4] (#cite_note-4) , Bigi launched [5] (#cite_note-5) Laws of Motion , a startup that provides virtual sizing technology for the apparel industry. Laws of Motion predicts customer body measurements virtually. [6] (#cite_note-6) The technology provides real-time metrics reporting about its impact to return rate, conversion rate, and average order value. [ citation needed ] Laws of Motion’s AI sizing technology was incubated in the direct-to-consumer womenswear brand. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2020, Laws of Motion was named as Best Breakthrough Startup by Glossy Magazine (https://www.glossy.co/) [8] (#cite_note-8) . The Hero Initiative [ edit ] In March 2020, while sick with Covid-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) , Bigi pivoted Laws of Motion’s supply chain to produce personal protective equipment (PPE) to support Covid-19 emergency response efforts. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2020, Bigi and her team produced over five millions pieces of single-use PPE for state governments and the Department of Defense (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) , and donated over one million masks to communities and front-line providers in need. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2020, Laws of Motion produced and delivered 2.4 million single-use medical gowns to New York State (/wiki/New_York_(state)) in response to the request for emergency response support for Covid-19. [11] (#cite_note-11) . Upon receipt and use of the product, New York State withheld payment of $10.45M. Bigi responded by trying to resolve the situation, ultimately suing the state [12] (#cite_note-12) for breach of contract for nonpayment. [ citation needed ] Columbia Business School [ edit ] Bigi is an adjunct lecturer at Columbia Business School (/wiki/Columbia_Business_School) [ citation needed ] and teaches a published case about Laws of Motion in Entrepreneurial Strategy. [13] (#cite_note-13) Philanthropy [ edit ] Bigi is a mentor for the non-profit Aspire to Her , a community for young business women. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Carly Bigi '17 | Columbia Business School" (https://business.columbia.edu/people/carly-bigi-17) . business.columbia.edu . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cheong, Weng. "How a former Deloitte employee leveraged her consulting skills to raise $1 million in funding and build an e-commerce fashion brand with 99 sizes" (https://www.businessinsider.com/deloitte-consultant-size-inclusive-fashion-laws-of-motion-2020-8) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Carly Bigi, Founder & CEO Laws of Motion, Formerly Deloitte Consulting LLP , retrieved 2024-03-11 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Using Data Science to Tailor the Perfect Fit" (https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/using-data-science-tailor-perfect-fit) . Columbia Magazine . 2017-05-18 . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Segran, Elizabeth (May 15, 2019). "The perfect little black dress now comes in 99 different sizes" (https://www.fastcompany.com/90349570/the-perfect-little-black-dress-now-comes-in-99-different-sizes) . Fast Company . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Breen, Amanda (2022-07-22). "This Founder Is Using AI to Solve Fashion's Biggest Problems" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/science-technology/this-founder-is-using-ai-to-solve-fashions-biggest-problems/431824) . Entrepreneur . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "A DTC fashion brand is making 99 sizes to cater to more women" (https://www.glossy.co/fashion/a-dtc-fashion-brand-is-making-99-sizes-to-cater-to-more-women/) . Glossy . 2019-05-20 . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "E-commerce and diversity-forward campaigns lead the Glossy Beauty and Fashion Awards" (https://www.glossy.co/announcement/e-commerce-and-diversity-forward-campaigns-lead-the-glossy-beauty-and-fashion-awards/) . Glossy . 2020-08-13 . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Fashion startup founder weighs in on providing protective equipment to medical workers" (https://finance.yahoo.com/video/fashion-startup-founder-weighs-providing-161248414.html) . Yahoo Finance . 2020-04-20 . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Dobrosielski, Chelsea (2021-05-28). "$111M Lawsuit: Fashion CEO Sues New York State Over Broken PPE Promises" (https://sourcingjournal.com/topics/business-news/laws-of-motion-new-york-state-ppe-lawsuit-andrew-cuomo-282225/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fashion startup founder weighs in on providing protective equipment to medical workers" (https://finance.yahoo.com/video/fashion-startup-founder-weighs-providing-161248414.html) . Yahoo Finance . 2020-04-20 . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dobrosielski, Chelsea (2021-05-28). "$111M Lawsuit: Fashion CEO Sues New York State Over Broken PPE Promises" (https://sourcingjournal.com/topics/business-news/laws-of-motion-new-york-state-ppe-lawsuit-andrew-cuomo-282225/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) School, Columbia Business (2021-03-09). "Laws of Motion During a Global Pandemic: Pivoting from Perfect Fit to PPE" (https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/caseworks/node/906) . Columbia CaseWorks . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |first= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "ASPIRE TO HER—Spring '21 Mentorship Program Partner Spotlight: Laws of Motion" (https://www.aspiretoher.com/blog/spring-21-mentorship-program-partner-spotlight-laws-of-motion) . ASPIRE TO HER . 2021-06-21 . Retrieved 2024-03-11 . 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Girl's christening cap, embroidered tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) , 1828, coll. Livrustkammaren (/wiki/Livrustkammaren) , Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) . Christening celebration Headgear Christening cap was a headgear (/wiki/Headgear) of 18th-and early 19th-century. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The smallest cap in the collections of Den Gamle By (/wiki/Den_Gamle_By) is made of striped silk (/wiki/Silk) with linen (/wiki/Linen) in tabby weave (/wiki/Plain_weave) . It has the measurements approximately a size of woman's fist, from forehead to the back of the neck it measures around 15.5 cm. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Baptism (/wiki/Baptism) List of headgear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "John F. Kennedy's Brookline birthplace highlights JFK's family, childhood" (https://www.masslive.com/politics/2013/11/john_f_kennedys_brookline_birt.html) . masslive . 2013-11-08 . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Alstrup and Olsen (1991), 171. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cowie, Robert (1879). Shetland: Descriptive and Historical; and Topographical Description of that Country . Smith. p. 84. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Palliser, Bury (1865). History of Lace . Sampson Low. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mathiassen, Tove Engelhardt (2016-05-03). "Protective Strategies and Emotions Invested in Early Modern Danish Christening Garments" (https://doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2016.1139386) . Textile . 14 (2): 208–225. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/14759756.2016.1139386 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14759756.2016.1139386) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1475-9756 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1475-9756) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 192916141 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192916141) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Christening cap | European" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/98160) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Christening Cap | Yale University Art Gallery" (https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/5299) . artgallery.yale.edu . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mathiassen, Tove Engelhardt; Nosch, Marie-Louise; Ringgaard, Maj; Toftegaard, Kirsten (2014-05-30). Fashionable Encounters: Perspectives and trends in textile and dress in the Early Modern Nordic World . Oxbow Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78297-383-6 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christening_cap&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4rwmp Cached time: 20240713073528 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.223 seconds Real time usage: 0.598 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 539/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15210/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 290/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30702/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.142/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4187275/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 245.037 1 -total 48.15% 117.990 1 Template:Reflist 32.49% 79.621 3 Template:Cite_web 25.68% 62.936 1 Template:Short_description 24.53% 60.111 1 Template:Clothing-stub 23.89% 58.534 1 Template:Asbox 15.05% 36.883 2 Template:Pagetype 6.29% 15.413 3 Template:Main_other 5.55% 13.605 1 Template:SDcat 5.32% 13.043 3 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66599934-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713073528 and revision id 1194102177. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christening_cap&oldid=1194102177 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christening_cap&oldid=1194102177) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) Baptism (/wiki/Category:Baptism) Religious headgear (/wiki/Category:Religious_headgear) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
List of Elle (India) cover models attempts to catalogue all people who have appeared as cover models (/wiki/Cover_model) on the Indian edition (/wiki/Elle_(India)) of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) magazine, starting with the magazine's first issue in December 1996. 1996–1997 [ edit ] Month Cover model Notes December 1996 January 1997 February March April May June July August September October November December 1998 [ edit ] Month Cover model Notes January February March April May June July August Shahrukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) September October November December 1999 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Viveka Babajee (/wiki/Viveka_Babajee) February Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) & Dino Morea (/wiki/Dino_Morea) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) March Karisma Kapoor (/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor) April May Malaika Arora Khan (/wiki/Malaika_Arora_Khan) June July August Pregnant model. [5] (#cite_note-5) September October November December 3 models. 3rd Anniversary Issue. [6] (#cite_note-6) 2000 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) February March April May June Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) & John Abraham (/wiki/John_Abraham_(actor)) July August Sushmita Sen (/wiki/Sushmita_Sen) September October Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) [7] (#cite_note-7) November December Female model & Shahrukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) 4th Anniversary Issue. 2001 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) February Nina Manuel (/wiki/Nina_Manuel) [8] (#cite_note-ninamanuel1-8) March April Udita Goswami (/wiki/Udita_Goswami) May Riya Sen (/wiki/Riya_Sen) June July Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) August September Tabu (/wiki/Tabu_(actress)) October Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) [9] (#cite_note-9) November December 5th Anniversary Issue. Designer Special. [10] (#cite_note-10) 2002 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January February Riya Sen (/wiki/Riya_Sen) March Yana Gupta (/wiki/Yana_Gupta) April Nina Manuel (/wiki/Nina_Manuel) [8] (#cite_note-ninamanuel1-8) [11] (#cite_note-11) May June Sameera Reddy (/wiki/Sameera_Reddy) July Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) August Shivani Kapoor (/wiki/Shivani_Kapoor) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) September Sapna Kumar (/w/index.php?title=Sapna_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1) [17] (#cite_note-thefashionspot1-17) October Dipannita Sharma (/wiki/Dipannita_Sharma) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) November December Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) 6th Anniversary Issue. 2003 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January February March Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) April Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) May June July Malaika Arora Khan (/wiki/Malaika_Arora_Khan) August Rekha (/wiki/Rekha) September Preity Zinta (/wiki/Preity_Zinta) October Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) November Udita Goswami (/wiki/Udita_Goswami) December Dannii Minogue (/wiki/Dannii_Minogue) 7th Anniversary Issue. 2004 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles) February March Yana Gupta (/wiki/Yana_Gupta) April Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) May Anoushka Shankar (/wiki/Anoushka_Shankar) June July Sushmita Sen (/wiki/Sushmita_Sen) August Soha Ali Khan (/wiki/Soha_Ali_Khan) September Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) October Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) November Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) December 8th Anniversary Issue. 2005 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Saira Mohan (/wiki/Saira_Mohan) February Elizabeth Jagger (/wiki/Elizabeth_Jagger) March April May Sonalika Sahay (/w/index.php?title=Sonalika_Sahay&action=edit&redlink=1) [22] (#cite_note-22) June Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) July 2 models August Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) September Mallika Sherawat (/wiki/Mallika_Sherawat) October Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) November Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) December Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) 9th Anniversary Issue. [25] (#cite_note-25) 2006 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Neha Kapur (/wiki/Neha_Kapur) February Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) March Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) April Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) May June Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) July Neha Kapur (/wiki/Neha_Kapur) [35] (#cite_note-35) August Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) September Sapna Kumar (/w/index.php?title=Sapna_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1) [17] (#cite_note-thefashionspot1-17) October Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) November December Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) 10th Anniversary Issue. 2007 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann (/wiki/Elettra_Rossellini_Wiedemann) February March Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) April May Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) June Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) July Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) [36] (#cite_note-36) August Natasha Gilbert (/w/index.php?title=Natasha_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1) [37] (#cite_note-37) September Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) October November Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) December Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) 11th Anniversary Issue. 2008 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Melissa Mehra (/w/index.php?title=Melissa_Mehra&action=edit&redlink=1) [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) February Sonalika Sahay (/w/index.php?title=Sonalika_Sahay&action=edit&redlink=1) [42] (#cite_note-42) March Mia Uyeda (/wiki/Mia_Uyeda) [43] (#cite_note-43) April May Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) [44] (#cite_note-44) June Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) July August Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) September Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) October Gabriella Wright (/wiki/Gabriella_Wright) [45] (#cite_note-45) November Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) December Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) 12 Fabulous Years of Fashion. The Anniversary Issue. 2009 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Bojana Tatarska (/w/index.php?title=Bojana_Tatarska&action=edit&redlink=1) [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) February Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) March Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) April Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) May Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) June Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) July Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) August Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) September Jyothsna Chakravarthy (/w/index.php?title=Jyothsna_Chakravarthy&action=edit&redlink=1) October Giselli Monteiro (/wiki/Giselli_Monteiro) November Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) December Smita Lasrado (/w/index.php?title=Smita_Lasrado&action=edit&redlink=1) , Jyothsna Chakravarthy (/w/index.php?title=Jyothsna_Chakravarthy&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rebecca Tyagi (/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_Tyagi&action=edit&redlink=1) 13th Anniversary Special. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) 2010 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Shruti Haasan (/wiki/Shruti_Haasan) February Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) March Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) April Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) May Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) June Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) July Genelia D'Souza (/wiki/Genelia_D%27Souza) August Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) September Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) October Lisa Ray (/wiki/Lisa_Ray) November Sonia Dara (/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Dara&action=edit&redlink=1) & Sendhil Ramamurthy (/wiki/Sendhil_Ramamurthy) December Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) 14th Anniversary Issue. 2011 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) February Nidhi Sunil (/wiki/Nidhi_Sunil) & Nicole Faria (/wiki/Nicole_Faria) March Maddison McKay (/w/index.php?title=Maddison_McKay&action=edit&redlink=1) [54] (#cite_note-54) April Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) May Angela Jonsson (/wiki/Angela_Jonsson) [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) June Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) July Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) August Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) September Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) October Kim Johnson November Jyothsna Chakravarthy (/w/index.php?title=Jyothsna_Chakravarthy&action=edit&redlink=1) [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) December Shreiyah Sabharwal (/w/index.php?title=Shreiyah_Sabharwal&action=edit&redlink=1) & 2 other models 15th Anniversary Issue. [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-65) 2012 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Ashika Pratt (/wiki/Ashika_Pratt) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) February Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) March Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) April Kanishtha Dhankar (/wiki/Kanishtha_Dhankar) & Erika Packard (/w/index.php?title=Erika_Packard&action=edit&redlink=1) [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) May Nargis Fakhri (/wiki/Nargis_Fakhri) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) June Jyothsna Chakravarthy (/w/index.php?title=Jyothsna_Chakravarthy&action=edit&redlink=1) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) July Ninja Singh (/w/index.php?title=Ninja_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) August Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) September Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) October Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) November Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) December Kanishtha Dhankhar (/wiki/Kanishtha_Dhankhar) & Anuj Choudhry (/w/index.php?title=Anuj_Choudhry&action=edit&redlink=1) [66] (#cite_note-Yr2012-66) [71] (#cite_note-71) 2013 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Isabelle Farias (/w/index.php?title=Isabelle_Farias&action=edit&redlink=1) [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) February Carol Gracias (/wiki/Carol_Gracias) , Bhavna Sharma (/w/index.php?title=Bhavna_Sharma&action=edit&redlink=1) , Indrani Dasgupta (/wiki/Indrani_Dasgupta) , Sapna Kumar (/w/index.php?title=Sapna_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1) & 1 model Issue has 2 covers featuring 6 models - 3 on each cover. [74] (#cite_note-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) March Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) [ citation needed ] April Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) [ citation needed ] May Deborah Priya Henry (/wiki/Deborah_Priya_Henry) [76] (#cite_note-76) [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) June Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) [ citation needed ] July Rasika Navare (/w/index.php?title=Rasika_Navare&action=edit&redlink=1) & Archana Akhil Kumar [79] (#cite_note-79) August Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) [ citation needed ] September Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) [ citation needed ] October Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [80] (#cite_note-80) November Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) [ citation needed ] December Archana Akhil Kumar [ citation needed ] 2014 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) [ citation needed ] February Gia Johnson (/wiki/Gia_Johnson) & Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) [ citation needed ] March Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) [ citation needed ] April Katheleno Kenze (/w/index.php?title=Katheleno_Kenze&action=edit&redlink=1) May Esha Gupta (/wiki/Esha_Gupta) June Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) July Smita Lasrado (/w/index.php?title=Smita_Lasrado&action=edit&redlink=1) [81] (#cite_note-81) August Kiran Rao (/wiki/Kiran_Rao) September Neelam Johal (/w/index.php?title=Neelam_Johal&action=edit&redlink=1) October Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) November Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) December Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) 2015 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) February Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) March Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) April Kanishtha Dhankar (/wiki/Kanishtha_Dhankar) May Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) June Radhika Nair (/wiki/Radhika_Nair_(model)) & Monica Tomas July Twinkle Khanna (/wiki/Twinkle_Khanna) August Kajol (/wiki/Kajol) September Pernia Qureshi (/wiki/Pernia_Qureshi) October Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) November Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) December Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) 2016 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) February Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) March Sayani Gupta (/wiki/Sayani_Gupta) April Diya Prabhakar (/w/index.php?title=Diya_Prabhakar&action=edit&redlink=1) May Padma Lakshmi (/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi) June Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) July Arundhati Roy (/wiki/Arundhati_Roy) August Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) September Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) October Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) November Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) December Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) 2017 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Vaani Kapoor (/wiki/Vaani_Kapoor) February Radhika Nair (/wiki/Radhika_Nair_(model)) March Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) April Bhumika Arora (/wiki/Bhumika_Arora) May Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) June Sonakshi Sinha (/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha) July Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) August Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) September Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) October November Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) December Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) 2018 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) February Zayn Malik (/wiki/Zayn_Malik) March Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) April Archana Akil Kumar, Malaika Arora (/wiki/Malaika_Arora) , Dipannita Sharma (/wiki/Dipannita_Sharma) , Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) & Mehr Jesia (/wiki/Mehr_Jesia) May Mindy Kaling (/wiki/Mindy_Kaling) June Zadie Smith (/wiki/Zadie_Smith) July Aditi Rao Hydari (/wiki/Aditi_Rao_Hydari) & Rajkummar Rao (/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao) August Twinkle Khanna (/wiki/Twinkle_Khanna) September Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) October Padmanabh Singh (/wiki/Padmanabh_Singh) November Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) December Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) 2019 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Vicky Kaushal (/wiki/Vicky_Kaushal) Digital Cover: Naomi Janumala, Tashi Pedy, Namita February Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) & Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) March Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) April Ananya Panday (/wiki/Ananya_Panday) May Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) June Naomi Scott (/wiki/Naomi_Scott) July Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) Digital Cover: Sonakshi Sinha (/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha) August Taapsee Pannu (/wiki/Taapsee_Pannu) September Dipti Sharma (/wiki/Dipti_Sharma) , Ishaan Khatter (/wiki/Ishaan_Khatter) , Sara Ali Khan (/wiki/Sara_Ali_Khan) , Jasprit Bumrah (/wiki/Jasprit_Bumrah) Four different covers October Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) November December 2020 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2020 ) 2021 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models&action=edit&section=) . ( August 2023 ) 2022 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January February March April May June July August Masaba Gupta (/wiki/Masaba_Gupta) & Zahan Kapoor (/wiki/Zahan_Kapoor) [82] (#cite_note-82) September October November December References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=2008879&l=6e233bbf24&id=106736926018174 (https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=2008879&l=6e233bbf24&id=106736926018174) [ user-generated source ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160828151104/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Elle-India-August-1998-Rahul-Khanna-Shah-Rukh-Khan-Shahrukh-SRK-on-cover-/400344058773?pt=Magazines&hash=item5d365d8b95) . 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Retrieved 17 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-81) "Smita on Elle: (Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/smita-lasrado-roberto-cavalli-elle-july-2014/) . 30 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-82) https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-praises-cousin-zahan-for-magazine-cover-with-masaba-gupta-101660304969542.html (https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-praises-cousin-zahan-for-magazine-cover-with-masaba-gupta-101660304969542.html) External links [ edit ] Elle India Cover Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20130305063157/http://ellenow.com/cover_archive.php) v t e Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) Media Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (1945–) Elle India (/wiki/Elle_(India)) (1996–) Elle Girl (/wiki/Elle_Girl) (2001–2006) Elle atTV (/wiki/Elle_atTV) (South Korea, 2010–2012) Elle Fictions (/wiki/Elle_Fictions) (Canada, 2019–) Elle Men (/wiki/Elle_Men) Cover models Australia (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Australia)_cover_models) Brasil (/wiki/List_of_Elle_Brasil_(Brazil)_cover_models) Canada (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Canada)_cover_models) India Indonesia (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Elle_(Indonesia)_cover_models&action=edit&redlink=1) Kazakhstan (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Kazakhstan)_cover_models) Portugal (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Portugal)_cover_models) Quebec (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(Quebec)_cover_models) Elle Girl (/wiki/List_of_Elle_Girl_cover_models) Awards Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) Elle Style Awards (Turkey) (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards_(Turkey)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐krsxg Cached time: 20240713182003 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.859 seconds Real time usage: 0.958 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6020/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 168075/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7461/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 307505/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.499/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5929103/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 823.465 1 -total 55.28% 455.224 1 Template:Reflist 46.47% 382.637 80 Template:Cite_web 12.79% 105.334 10 Template:Citation_needed 12.05% 99.188 12 Template:Fix 8.44% 69.461 1 Template:Short_description 7.72% 63.567 1 Template:Elle_magazine 6.64% 54.712 1 Template:Navbox 6.05% 49.854 23 Template:Category_handler 5.78% 47.621 1 Template:Horizontal_TOC Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38843648-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713182003 and revision id 1172701226. 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(Redirected from Benedictine habit (/w/index.php?title=Benedictine_habit&redirect=no) ) Distinctive set of garments worn by members of a religious order This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Religious_habit) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Religious habit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Religious+habit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Religious+habit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Religious+habit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Religious+habit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) St. Anthony the Great (/wiki/Anthony_the_Great) , wearing the habit of a Coptic (/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria) monk. Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) on Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) and corresponding attires (/wiki/Clothing) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) ( full dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) ( half dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) ( undress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) , "dress clothes") Suit (/wiki/Suit) Service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) (anything not above) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Casual Friday (/wiki/Casual_Friday) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) known as Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Supplementary alternatives Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) law courts (/wiki/Court_dress) royal courts (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) , etc. Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , habit , etc. Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) Distinctions Orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) medals (/wiki/Medal) , etc. Legend: = Day (before 6 p.m.) = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) colour = Ladies = Gentlemen Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) worn by members of a religious order (/wiki/Religious_order) . Traditionally some plain garb recognizable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious eremitic (/wiki/Hermit) and anchoritic (/wiki/Anchorite) life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style. Uniformity and distinctiveness by order often evolved and changed over time. Interpretation of terms for clothes in religious rules could change over centuries. Furthermore, every time new communities gained importance in a cultural area the need for visual separation increased for new as well as old communities. Thus, modern habits are rooted in historic forms, but do not necessarily resemble them in cut, colour, material, detail or use. In Christian monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) orders of the Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_church) , Lutheran (/wiki/Lutheranism) and Anglican (/wiki/Anglicanism) Churches, the habit often consists of a tunic (/wiki/Tunic) covered by a scapular (/wiki/Scapular) and cowl (/wiki/Cowl) , with a hood for monks (/wiki/Monk) or friars (/wiki/Friar) and a veil (/wiki/Veil) for nuns (/wiki/Nun) ; in apostolic orders it may be a distinctive form of cassock (/wiki/Cassock) for men, or a distinctive habit and veil for women. Catholic Canon Law (/wiki/Canon_Law) requires only that the garb of their members be in some way identifiable so that the person may serve as a witness of the Evangelical counsels (/wiki/Evangelical_counsels) . In many orders, the conclusion of postulancy (/wiki/Postulant) and the beginning of the novitiate (/wiki/Novitiate) is marked by a ceremony, in which the new novice is accepted as a novice and then clothed in the community's habit by the superior (/wiki/General_superior) . In some cases the novice's habit will be somewhat different from the customary habit: for instance, in certain orders of women that use the veil (/wiki/Veil) , it is common for novices to wear a white veil while professed members wear black, or if the order generally wears white, the novice wears a grey veil. Among some Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) communities of men, novices wear a sort of overshirt over their tunic; Carthusian (/wiki/Carthusian) novices wear a black cloak over their white habit. Buddhism [ edit ] Monks from Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) and China (/wiki/China) wearing traditional kāṣāya; Bezeklik (/wiki/Bezeklik) , Eastern Tarim Basin (/wiki/Tarim_Basin) , China, 9th–10th century Kāṣāya ( Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit_language) : काषाय , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit) : kāṣāya ; Pali (/wiki/Pali) : kasāva; Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袈裟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : jiāshā ; Cantonese Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : gaa 1 saa 1 ; Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) : 袈裟 kesa ; Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 袈裟 가사 gasa ; Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) : cà-sa ), "chougu" ( Tibetan (/wiki/Standard_Tibetan) ) are the robes of Buddhist (/wiki/Buddhism) monks (/wiki/Bhikkhu) and nuns (/wiki/Bhikkhuni) , named after a brown or saffron dye. In Sanskrit and Pali, these robes are also given the more general term cīvara , which references the robes without regard to color. Origin and construction [ edit ] An early representation of the Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) wearing kāṣāya robes, in the Hellenistic (/wiki/Hellenistic) style Buddhist kāṣāya are said to have originated in India (/wiki/India) as set of robes for the devotees of Gautama Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) . A notable variant has a pattern reminiscent of an Asian rice field. Original kāṣāya were constructed of discarded fabric (/wiki/Textile) . These were stitched together to form three rectangular pieces of cloth, which were then fitted over the body in a specific manner. The three main pieces of cloth are the antarvāsa , the uttarāsaṅga , and the saṃghāti . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390-1) Together they form the "triple robe", or tricīvara . The tricīvara is described more fully in the Theravāda (/wiki/Therav%C4%81da) Vinaya (/wiki/Vinaya) (Vin 1:94 289). Uttarāsaṅga [ edit ] A robe covering the upper body. It is worn over the undergarment, or antarvāsa. In representations of the Buddha, the uttarāsaṅga rarely appears as the uppermost garment, since it is often covered by the outer robe, or saṃghāti. Saṃghāti [ edit ] The saṃghāti is an outer robe used for various occasions. It comes over the upper robe ( uttarāsaṅga ), and the undergarment ( antarvāsa ). In representations of the Buddha, the saṃghāti is usually the most visible garment, with the undergarment or uttarāsaṅga protruding at the bottom. It is quite similar in shape to the Greek himation (/wiki/Himation) , and its shape and folds have been treated in Greek style in the Greco-Buddhist art (/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art) of Gandhāra (/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ra) . Additions [ edit ] Other items that may have been worn with the triple robe were: a waist cloth, the kushalaka a buckled belt, the samakaksika Indian depiction of the Buddha wearing red robes; Sanskrit manuscript, Nālandā (/wiki/N%C4%81land%C4%81) , Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , India, Pāla period Kāṣāya in Indian Buddhism [ edit ] In India, variations of the kāṣāya robe distinguished different types of monastics. These represented the different schools that they belonged to, and their robes ranged widely from red and ochre, to blue and black. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) Between 148 and 170 CE, the Parthian (/wiki/Parthia) monk An Shigao (/wiki/An_Shigao) came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí (Ch. 大比丘三千威儀). [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455-3) Another text translated at a later date, the Śariputraparipṛcchā , contains a very similar passage corroborating this information, but the colors for the Sarvāstivāda and Dharmaguptaka sects are reversed. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56-4) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESujato2012i-5) Nikāya Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí Śariputraparipṛcchā Sarvāstivāda (/wiki/Sarvastivada) Deep Red Black Dharmaguptaka (/wiki/Dharmaguptaka) Black Deep Red Mahāsāṃghika (/wiki/Mahasamghika) Yellow Yellow Mahīśāsaka (/wiki/Mahisasaka) Blue Blue Kaśyapīya (/wiki/Kasyapiya) Magnolia Magnolia In traditions of Tibetan Buddhism (/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism) , which follow the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, red robes are regarded as characteristic of the Mūlasarvāstivādins. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266-6) According to Dudjom Rinpoche from the tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, the robes of fully ordained Mahāsāṃghika monastics were to be sewn out of more than seven sections, but no more than twenty-three sections. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) The symbols sewn on the robes were the endless knot (/wiki/Endless_knot) (Skt. śrīvatsa ) and the conch shell (Skt. śaṅkha ), two of the Eight Auspicious Signs (/wiki/Ashtamangala) in Buddhism. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) Jiāshā in Chinese Buddhism [ edit ] In Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is called gāsā (Ch. 袈裟). During the early period of Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the most common color was red. Later, the color of the robes came to serve as a way to distinguish monastics, just as they did in India. However, the colors of a Chinese Buddhist monastic's robes often corresponded to their geographical region rather than to any specific schools. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) By the maturation of Chinese Buddhism, only the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage was still in use, and therefore the color of robes served no useful purpose as a designation for sects, the way that it had in India. Kesa in Japanese Buddhism [ edit ] Japanese Buddhist priest's mantle ( kesa ), 1775–1825, LACMA (/wiki/LACMA) textile collections In Japanese Buddhism (/wiki/Japanese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is known as the kesa ( 袈裟 ) . In Japan, during the Edo (/wiki/Edo_period) and Meiji periods (/wiki/Meiji_period) , kesa were sometimes pieced together from the theatrical kimono (/wiki/Kimono) used in Noh theatre (/wiki/Noh_theatre) . Christianity [ edit ] Religious clothing includes habits Catholicism [ edit ] Pope John Paul II (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) in his post-apostolic Exhortation Vita consecrata (1996) says concerning the religious habit of consecrated (/wiki/Consecrated_life) persons: §25 [...] The Church must always seek to make her presence visible in everyday life, especially in contemporary culture, which is often very secularized and yet sensitive to the language of signs. In this regard the Church has a right to expect a significant contribution from consecrated persons, called as they are in every situation to bear clear witness that they belong to Christ. Since the habit is a sign of consecration, poverty and membership in a particular Religious family, I join the Fathers of the Synod in strongly recommending to men and women religious that they wear their proper habit, suitably adapted to the conditions of time and place. Where valid reasons of their apostolate call for it, Religious, in conformity with the norms of their Institute, may also dress in a simple and modest manner, with an appropriate symbol, in such a way that their consecration is recognizable. Institutes which from their origin or by provision of their Constitutions do not have a specific habit should ensure that the dress of their members corresponds in dignity and simplicity to the nature of their vocation. Nuns [ edit ] A nun of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration (/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Perpetual_Adoration) in her cloister Traditional Catholic nuns The religious habits of Catholic nuns typically consist of the following elements: Tunic : This is the central piece of the habit. It is a loose dress made of serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) fabric pleated at the neck and draping to the ground. It can be worn pinned up in the front or in the back to allow the nun to work. Scapular (/wiki/Scapular) : This symbolic apron hangs from both front and back; it is worn over the tunic, and Benedictine (/wiki/Benedictine) nuns also wear it over the belt, whereas some other orders wear it tied under the belt. Cincture : The habit is often secured around the waist with a belt of leather, wool or a lanyard. The cincture of the Franciscan orders has three (or four) knots standing for the vows. Coif (/wiki/Coif) : This is the garment's headpiece and includes the white cotton cap secured by a bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) and a white wimple (/wiki/Wimple) (to cover the neck and cheeks) and guimpe (/wiki/Guimpe) (to cover the chest, similar to a short cape) of starched linen, cotton, or (today) polyester. It is sometimes covered by a thin layer of black crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) . Veil (/wiki/Black_veil) : This element is worn pinned over the coif head coverings. Some veils can be worn down to cover the face or up to expose it. The veil sometimes includes a white underveil as well. The colour of the veil depends as well from the habit of the order and the status of the sister or nun (novices or postulants wear differently coloured veils than the professed sisters and nuns). The coif and veil were common items of clothing for married women in medieval Europe. [ citation needed ] Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. Sisters [ edit ] Sisters of the Daughters of Mary in traditional habit Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) sisters in Haiti, wearing the order's traditional white sari with blue stripes This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Historically, the religious habit of Catholic sisters (/wiki/Religious_sister) was a visible sign of a woman's consecration to God. [8] (#cite_note-8) Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. For example, in former times, the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) wore a cornette (/wiki/Cornette) instead of a veil. Due the ecclesiastical document Perfectae caritatis (/wiki/Perfectae_caritatis) , many congregations decided to simplify their habits, to conform to the attire of the culture they are working in, or to even discard their use entirely. While styles vary, for those wearing the traditional habit, three pieces are consistently worn: tunic (robe), belt/cincture, veil. The habit of some Dominican Sisters (/wiki/Dominican_Sisters) consists of a tunic, belt (cincture), scapular, veil, rosary, and on formal occasions a cappa (mantle). [9] (#cite_note-9) Even for orders that have chosen not to wear a habit, these sisters often share a common appearance: calf-length skirt, blouse or sweater, visible cross necklace. Monks [ edit ] Carthusian monks of the Chartreuse de Portes Monks in the Catholic church wear a tunic, a cincture (/wiki/Cincture) , a hooded scapular, and, for the Liturgy of the Hours (/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours) , a mantle (novices) or a cowl (professed monks). [ citation needed ] Friars [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Canons regular [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Owing to the different traditions and origins that exist, there is no singular common habit worn by the Canons Regular (/wiki/Canons_Regular) . Historically the common habit was the distinctive white cassock, with white fascia, over time some communities of Canons have changed to wearing the black cassock with black fascia. The only item of the habit that is common to all Canons is the linen rochet (/wiki/Rochet) a mark of the canonical status. In the Netherlands, some wore a cacullae (a small asymmetrical black cope (/wiki/Cope) of cloth or sheepskin.) Some communities of canons, notably in Austria and Switzerland wear a sarotium, coming from the Latin sacrum rochettum , 'the sacred rochet'. It is a thin band of linen worn over the cassock when not in choir. As part of their choir dress, some communities of Canons wear a mozzetta, either black or purple over the rochet. Outdoors Canons wear a black cloak and hood, but again adaptations have been made to this in some of the communities. Canons also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) . Clergy [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) Usually, secular priests (/wiki/Secular_clergy) wear either a black cassock (/wiki/Cassock) or an ordinary men's garb in black or another dark color along with a white clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) . White cassocks or clothes may be worn in hot climates. Also, a ferraiolo (a kind of cope) could be worn along with the cassock. Priests also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) along with the cassock. Deacons, priests, and bishops belonging to religious institutes (/wiki/Religious_institute) wear the habit of their institute. Abbot or cardinal [ edit ] Main article: Pontifical vestments (/wiki/Pontifical_vestments) Latin Church (/wiki/Latin_Church) clergy other than bishops, in particular any who are abbots (/wiki/Abbot) or apostolic prefects (/wiki/Apostolic_prefect) or ordinary of a personal ordinariate, may wear pontifical items. Mitre, crosier and ring are bestowed on an abbot at his blessing and the pectoral cross is a customary part of an abbatial habit. [ citation needed ] Catholic habits gallery [ edit ] The religious habit of the Carmelite Order (/wiki/Carmelites) is brown and includes the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel) (also known as Brown Scapular) The religious habit of the Hieronymite enclosed monks and nuns (/wiki/Hieronymites) is white and includes a brown scapular The religious habit of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd (/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd) (and also of the Sisters from the Order of Our Lady of Charity) is white, with a white scapular, a black veil and a large silver heart on the breast The religious habit of the Sisters of Mary Reparatrix (/wiki/Sisters_of_Mary_Reparatrix) is white, with a blue scapular, a white and blue veil and a large golden heart on the breast The religious habit of the Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) Order of Friars Minor (/wiki/Friars_Minor) and Friars Minor Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) is usually brown or gray; the habit of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (/wiki/Conventual_Franciscans) and Third Order Regular is black, although the Order of Friars Minor Conventual is returning to the grey habit worldwide The religious habit of the Benedictines (/wiki/Benedictines) is black (the style varies depending upon the monastery) The religious habit of the Carthusians (/wiki/Carthusians) is white. A similar habit is used by the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno (/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno) The religious habit of the Dominicans (/wiki/Dominican_Order) is black and white Cistercians (/wiki/Cistercians) in their religious habit (with the black scapular (/wiki/Scapular) ) The religious habit of the Clarisses (/wiki/Clarisses) (also known as Poor Clares (/wiki/Poor_Clares) ) is brown, with a black veil The religious habit of the Sisters of the Annunciation (/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil The religious habit (based on the Indian sari (/wiki/Sari) ) of the Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) , founded by Mother Teresa of Calcutta (/wiki/Mother_Teresa) The religious habit of the Trinitarian Order (/wiki/Trinitarian_Order) is white with a distinctive cross with a blue horizontal bar and a red vertical bar The religious habit of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament (/wiki/Order_of_the_Incarnate_Word_and_Blessed_Sacrament) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil Oratorians (/wiki/Oratory_of_Jesus) wear roughly the same vestments as parish priests (/wiki/Priest) . The distinctive Oratorian clerical collar consists of white cloth that folds over the collar all around the neck. Sisters belonging to the Daughters of Charity (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) with the cornette which used to be common Religious habit of a Trappist (/wiki/Trappists) monk Religious habit of a Premonstratensian (/wiki/Premonstratensian) canon Pauline (/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit) Pius Przeździecki The Mercedarians (/wiki/Mercedarian_Order) wear white The religious habit of a Minims (/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)) friar; it consists of a black tunic, a scapular with a capuche and a black cincture with four knots (four vows) Lutheranism [ edit ] In Lutheranism (/wiki/Lutheranism) , various religious orders (/wiki/Religious_order) have a habit of a different colour. The Daughters of Mary (/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_(Lutheran)) wear a blue habit. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790-10) Anglicanism [ edit ] Further information: Anglican religious order (/wiki/Anglican_religious_order) Eastern Orthodoxy [ edit ] The Analavos , worn by Orthodox monks and nuns of the Great Schema The Eastern Orthodox Church (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church) does not have distinct religious orders such as those in the Catholic Church. The habit ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Σχήμα , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek) : Schēma ) is essentially the same throughout the world. The normal monastic color is black, symbolic of repentance and simplicity. The habits of monks and nuns are identical; additionally, nuns wear a scarf, called an apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) . The habit is bestowed in degrees, as the monk or nun advances in the spiritual life. There are three degrees: (1) the beginner, known as the Rassaphore ('robe bearer') (2) the intermediate, known as the Stavrophore ('cross bearer'), and (3) the Great Schema worn by Great Schema Monks or Nuns. Only the last, the Schemamonk or Schemanun, the monastic of the highest degree, wears the full habit. The habit is formally bestowed upon monks and nuns at the ceremony known as the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) (Greek κουρά ). The parts of the Eastern Orthodox habit are: Inner Rason ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Έσώρασον , Ζωστικὸν or Ἀντερί , Esórason ; Slavonic (/wiki/Church_Slavonic) : Podryásnik ): The inner rason (/wiki/Cassock#Eastern_practice_.28Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic.29) (cassock) is the innermost garment. It is a long, collared garment coming to the feet, with narrow, tapered sleeves. Unlike the Roman cassock, it is double-breasted. The inner rason is the basic garment and is worn at all times, even when working. It is often given to novices (/wiki/Novice) and seminarians (/wiki/Seminarian) , though this differs from community to community. The inner rason is also worn by chanters (/wiki/Chanter) , readers (/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)) , and the married clergy. For monks and nuns, it symbolizes the vow (/wiki/Religious_vows) of poverty (/wiki/Poverty#Relative_poverty) . Belt (Greek: Ζώνη , Zone ; Slavonic: Poyas ): The belt worn by Orthodox monks and nuns is normally leather, though sometimes it is of cloth. In the Russian tradition, married clergy, as well as the higher monastic clergy, may wear a cloth belt that is finely embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) , especially on feast days (/wiki/Great_Feasts) . The belt is symbolic of the vow of chastity (/wiki/Chastity) . Paramand (Greek: Παραμανδύας , Paramandýas ; Slavonic: Paraman ): The Paramand is a piece of cloth, approximately 5 inches (130 mm) square which is attached by ribbons to a wooden cross. The cloth is embroidered with a cross and the Instruments of the Passion (/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)#Instruments_of_the_Passion) . The wooden cross is worn over the chest, then the ribbons pass over and under the arms, like a yoke (/wiki/Yoke) , and hold the square cloth centered on the back. The paramand is symbolic of the yoke of Christ (Matthew 11:29–30). [11] (#cite_note-11) Outer Rason ( a.k.a. , Greek: εξώρασον, exorason or simply ράσο, raso ; Slavonic: ryasa ): Among the Greeks it is worn by readers and all higher clerics; among the Russians it is worn only by monks, deacons, priests, and bishops. Analavos (Greek: Άνάλαβος; Slavonic: Analav ): The distinctive dress of the Great Schema is the analavos, and it is worn only by Schemamonks and Schemanuns. Traditionally made of either leather or wool, the analavos covers the shoulders, and then comes down in the front and back, forming a cross (see illustration, above right). Polystavrion (Greek: Πολυσταύριον, lit. "many crosses"): The polystavrion is a long cord that has been plaited with numerous crosses forming a yoke that is worn over the analavos to hold it in place. Mantle (Greek: Μανδύας, Mandías ; Slavonic: Mantíya ): The Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(vesture)) is a long, full cape, joined at the neck which the monastic wears over the other parts of the habit. St. Tikhon of Moscow (/wiki/Tikhon_of_Moscow) wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion Kalymafki (a.k.a. Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) , Greek: καλυμαύκι; Slavonic: klobuk): The distinctive headdress (/wiki/Headdress) of Eastern Orthodox monks and nuns is the kalymafki, a stiffened hat, something like a fez (/wiki/Fez_(clothing)) , only black and with straight sides, covered with a veil (/wiki/Veil) . The veil has lappets which hang down on each side of the head and a stylized hood falling down the back. For monastics of the Great Schema, the kalymafki takes a very distinctive shape, known as a koukoulion (/wiki/Cowl) (cowl), and is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The koukoulion is also worn by the Patriarchs of several local churches, regardless of whether or not he has been tonsured to that degree. In the Slavic tradition, the koukoulion will be in the form of a cloth hood, similar to that worn on the Western cowl. Outside church, monastics wear a soft hat known as a Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) . Again, for Schemamonks and Schemanuns it is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The portions of the habit worn by the various degrees of monastics is as follows: Rasophore Stavrophore Great Schema Inner Rason Inner Rason Inner Rason Belt Belt Belt Paramand Paramand Outer Rason Outer Rason Outer Rason Analavos Mantle (Russian use only) Mantle Polystavrion Kalymafki Kalymafki Koukoulion Eastern Orthodox habits gallery [ edit ] Inner Rason worn by Polish Orthodox Church (/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church) cleric Monk at the Mount Athos, 1850s Hinduism [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) In Hinduism, religious clothing is a huge element of an individual’s life. [ citation needed ] Most Hindus are known to wear a religious pendant in their daily life to show their faith in God. Hindu women cover their heads with scarf as a sign of respect for not only religion but also their husbands. [ citation needed ] In India, most devoted Hindus are seen wearing a tilak and orange clothing depicting devotion to their religion. [ citation needed ] Most Hindu Pandits (/wiki/Pandit) are either seen in a white or orange (kesari) religious clothing in India. [ citation needed ] Brahmin Hindus are most known for their devotion to the religion among all Hindus. They are seen wearing religious habits at various important moments in their life. [ citation needed ] Islam [ edit ] See also: Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Islam does not have religious habits or monastic orders. Muslim ascetics do not have particular uniforms, but rather dress in humble clothing appropriate to their era and region. [ citation needed ] Jainism [ edit ] Female ascetics and Śvetāmbara (/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara) male monks always wear un-stitched or minimally stitched white clothes. Digambara (/wiki/Digambara) Jain monks do not wear clothes. A loin cloth which reaches up to the shins is called a Cholapattak. Another cloth to cover the upper part of the body is called Pangarani (Uttariya Vastra). A cloth that passes over the left shoulder and covers the body up to a little above the ankle is called a Kïmli. Kïmli is a woolen shawl. They also carry a woolen bed sheet and a woolen mat to sit on. Those who wear clothes have a muhapati (/wiki/Muhapati) , which is a square or rectangular piece of cloth of a prescribed measurement, either in their hand or tied on their face covering the mouth. Śvetāmbara ascetics have an Ogho or Rajoharan (a broom of woolen threads) to clean insects around their sitting place or while they are walking. Digambara ascetics have a Morpichhi and a Kamandal in their hands. This practice may vary among different sects of Jains but essential principle remains the same to limit needs. Shinto [ edit ] In Japan, various types of very traditional dress are worn by Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) priests, often dating to styles worn by nobles during the Nara period (/wiki/Nara_period) or Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) . Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) ( 袴 ) are a type of traditional Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) , originally worn only by men, but today they are worn by both sexes. There are two types, divided umanori ( 馬乗り , "horse-riding hakama ") and undivided andon bakama ( 行灯袴 , "lantern hakama ") . The umanori type have divided legs, similar to trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , but both types appear similar. Hakama are tied at the waist and fall approximately to the ankles, and are worn over a kimono (/wiki/Kimono) (hakamashita), with the kimono then appearing like a shirt. A Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) ( 浄衣 ) is a garment worn in Japan by people attending religious ceremonies and activities, including Buddhist and Shinto related occasions. Not only Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) and Buddhist priests can be found wearing Jōe at rituals, but laymen as well, for example when participating in pilgrimage such as the Shikoku Pilgrimage (/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage) . The garment is usually white or yellow and is made of linen or silk depending on its kind and use. The Shinto priest who wears the jōe is attired in a peaked cap (/wiki/Cap) called tate-eboshi , an outer tunic called the jōe proper, an outer robe called jōe no sodegukuri no o , an undergarment called hitoe , ballooning trousers called sashinuki or nubakama , and a girdle called jōe no ate-obi . See also [ edit ] Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism (/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism) Religious dress (/wiki/Religious_dress) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390_1-0) Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 90. ^ a b Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 89. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455_3-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , p. 55. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56_4-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , pp. 55–56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESujato2012i_5-0) Sujato 2012 (#CITEREFSujato2012) , p. i. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266_6-0) Mohr & Tsedroen 2010 (#CITEREFMohrTsedroen2010) , p. 266. ^ a b Rinpoche 1999 (#CITEREFRinpoche1999) , p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why do nuns (and monks) wear habits?" (https://aleteia.org/2020/07/09/why-do-nuns-and-others-in-religious-life-wear-habits/) . Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture . 2020-07-09 . Retrieved 2024-02-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Our Religious Habit" (https://houstondominicans.org/our-religious-habit) . Dominican Sisters . Retrieved 2021-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790_10-0) DuBois 2017 (#CITEREFDuBois2017) , p. 90. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Matthew 11:29–30 (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2011:29–30&version=nrsv) Bibliography [ edit ] DuBois, Thomas A. (12 December 2017). Sacred to the Touch: Nordic and Baltic Religious Wood Carving . University of Washington Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74242-7 . Hino, Shoun (2004). Three Mountains and Seven Rivers . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-208-2468-3 . Kieschnick, John (2003). The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture . Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Rinpoche, Dudjom (1999). Perfect Conduct: Ascertaining the Three Vows . Wisdom Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861710836 . Sujato, Bhante (/wiki/Bhante_Sujato) (2012). Sects & Sectarianism: The Origins of Buddhist Schools . Santipada. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781921842085 . Mohr, Thea; Tsedroen, Jampa, eds. (2010). Dignity and Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861715886 . Further reading [ edit ] Dwyer-McNulty, Sally (2014). Common Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4696-1409-0 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Religious habits (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_habits) . New Catholic Dictionary (https://web.archive.org/web/20070107022157/https://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd03798.htm) Images of medieval monks and nuns in the dress of their Orders (http://www.historyfish.net/monastics/monasticorders.html) (Public Domain images and text) Many photographs of nuns and sisters in the dress of their respective orders (http://www.nunsandsisters.com/Photographs.html) Catholic Sisters International Collection, University of Dayton Special Collections (http://digital.udayton.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/nuns) (photographs of reproductions of over 130 religious habits) v t e Consecrated life (/wiki/Consecrated_life) in the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) Types (/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life) Consecrated virgin (/wiki/Consecrated_virgin) Hermit (/wiki/Hermit) Religious institute (/wiki/Religious_institute) Orders (/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)) Monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) Cenobitic (/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism) Chapter (/wiki/Chapter_(religion)) Enclosed (/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders) Idiorrhythmic (/wiki/Idiorrhythmic_monasticism) Canons regular (/wiki/Canons_regular) Mendicants (/wiki/Mendicant_orders) Second orders (/wiki/Second_order_(religious)) Cleric regular (/wiki/Cleric_regular) Congregations (/wiki/Religious_congregation) Secular institute (/wiki/Secular_institute) Society of apostolic life (/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life) Vows (/wiki/Religious_vows) Evangelical counsels (/wiki/Evangelical_counsels) Poverty (/wiki/Vow_of_poverty) Chastity (/wiki/Vow_of_chastity) Obedience (/wiki/Vow_of_obedience) Profession (/wiki/Religious_profession) Solemn vow (/wiki/Solemn_vow) Vow of silence (/wiki/Vow_of_silence) Vow of enclosure (/wiki/Vow_of_Enclosure) Monastery (/wiki/Monastery) ( List (/wiki/List_of_abbeys_and_priories) ) Abbey (/wiki/Abbey) Chapter house (/wiki/Chapter_house) Cloister (/wiki/Cloister) Convent (/wiki/Convent) Double (/wiki/Double_monastery) Hermitage 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&oldid=1228977842#Christianity (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&oldid=1228977842#Christianity) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Asceticism (/wiki/Category:Asceticism) Byzantine clothing (/wiki/Category:Byzantine_clothing) Christian clothing (/wiki/Category:Christian_clothing) Eastern Christian vestments (/wiki/Category:Eastern_Christian_vestments) Hesychasm (/wiki/Category:Hesychasm) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) History of clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing) History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Monasticism (/wiki/Category:Monasticism) Religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Religious_clothing) Religious practices (/wiki/Category:Religious_practices) Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) Sacramentals (/wiki/Category:Sacramentals) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles containing Sanskrit-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text) Articles containing Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text) Articles containing Korean-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text) Articles containing Vietnamese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text) Articles containing Latin-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021) Articles to be expanded from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_February_2021) All articles to be expanded (/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded) Articles using small message boxes (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_small_message_boxes) Articles to be expanded from March 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_March_2017) Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022) Articles containing Greek-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text) Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter (/wiki/Category:Instances_of_Lang-el_using_second_unnamed_parameter) Articles containing Church Slavonic-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Church_Slavonic-language_text) Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024) Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers)
Chinese women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) China portal (/wiki/Portal:China) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Chinese fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Chinese_fashion_designers) . It includes Chinese fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐h5zcm Cached time: 20240720204857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.143 seconds Real time usage: 0.393 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4018/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 304/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.081/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933077/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 365.193 1 -total 77.81% 284.151 1 Template:Portal 16.99% 62.045 1 Template:Non-diffusing 13.96% 50.987 1 Template:Cmbox 5.09% 18.573 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.89% 14.212 2 Template:Category_other 2.85% 10.422 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.66% 6.047 1 Template:Single_namespace 0.86% 3.158 1 Template:Template_other 0.59% 2.168 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72300294-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204857 and revision id 1177797383. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Chinese women fashion designers" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Sara Arai (/wiki/Sara_Arai) C Angel Chen (/wiki/Angel_Chen) G Guo Pei (/wiki/Guo_Pei) L Lan Yu (fashion designer) (/wiki/Lan_Yu_(fashion_designer)) Lü Yan (model) (/wiki/L%C3%BC_Yan_(model)) M Ma Ke (fashion designer) (/wiki/Ma_Ke_(fashion_designer)) Masha Ma (/wiki/Masha_Ma) W Momo Wang (/wiki/Momo_Wang) Taoray Wang (/wiki/Taoray_Wang) Y Yiqing Yin (/wiki/Yiqing_Yin) Yu Feng (/wiki/Yu_Feng) Nellie Yu Roung Ling (/wiki/Nellie_Yu_Roung_Ling) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Chinese_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797383 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Chinese_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797383) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Chinese fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Chinese_fashion_designers) Chinese women artists (/wiki/Category:Chinese_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brown Shoe Company (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brown_Shoe_Company) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Caleres (/wiki/Caleres) , formerly the Brown Shoe Company. Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap (https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Category%3ACaleres) Download coordinates as: KML (https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Category:Caleres) GPX (all coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Category:Caleres) GPX (primary coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Category:Caleres) GPX (secondary coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Category:Caleres) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6df8bfff4f‐hh8gh Cached time: 20240722123552 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.074 seconds Real time usage: 0.125 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 268/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6794/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 326/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3445/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.040/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1456906/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 110.454 1 -total 55.46% 61.260 1 Template:Commonscat 52.54% 58.035 1 Template:Sister_project 43.31% 47.841 2 Template:Side_box 34.20% 37.771 1 Template:Portal 23.29% 25.724 2 Template:If_then_show 6.08% 6.713 1 Template:GeoGroupTemplate 3.96% 4.372 1 Template:In5 1.46% 1.610 1 Template:Yesno Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71168519-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722123552 and revision id 1121372450. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Caleres" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * Caleres (/wiki/Caleres) A Allen Edmonds (/wiki/Allen_Edmonds) B Brown Shoe Company Factory (/wiki/Brown_Shoe_Company_Factory) Brown Shoe Company's Homes-Take Factory (/wiki/Brown_Shoe_Company%27s_Homes-Take_Factory) Buster Brown (/wiki/Buster_Brown) The Buster Brown Show (/wiki/The_Buster_Brown_Show) F Famous Footwear (/wiki/Famous_Footwear) H Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company Building (/wiki/Hamilton-Brown_Shoe_Company_Building) Hamilton-Brown Shoe Factory (Columbia, Missouri) (/wiki/Hamilton-Brown_Shoe_Factory_(Columbia,_Missouri)) R Riverside Park Bandshell (/wiki/Riverside_Park_Bandshell) Rykä (/wiki/Ryk%C3%A4) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Caleres&oldid=1121372450 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Caleres&oldid=1121372450) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange) Companies based in St. Louis County, Missouri (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_St._Louis_County,_Missouri) Shoe companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_the_United_States) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Flat-brimmed straw hat with a shallow crown Eleanor Frances Dixie, the daughter of Wolstan Dixie (/wiki/Sir_Wolstan_Dixie,_4th_Baronet) c. 1753, by Henry Pickering (/w/index.php?title=Henry_Pickering_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1) . The sitter is wearing a bergère hat. A bergère (French for shepherdess (/wiki/Shepherdess) ) hat is a flat-brimmed straw hat with a shallow crown, usually trimmed with ribbon and flowers. It could be worn in various ways with the brim folded back or turned up or down at whim. It is also sometimes called a milkmaid hat . [1] (#cite_note-1) It was widely worn in the mid-18th century, and versions may be seen in many British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and French (/wiki/France) paintings of the period, such as The Swing by Fragonard (/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard) , and in portraits by Thomas Gainsborough (/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough) and Johann Zoffany (/wiki/Johann_Zoffany) , amongst others. It has been suggested that the hat was named after Madame Bergeret, [2] (#cite_note-2) who is holding a shepherdess-style hat in a Boucher portrait painted c.1766. [3] (#cite_note-3) A nineteenth century version of the bergère hat formed part of the Dolly Varden (/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)) ensembles popular in the early 1870s, as summed up in Alfred Lee (/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Lee_(songwriter)&action=edit&redlink=1) 's novelty song (/wiki/Novelty_song) Dolly Varden (published Cleveland (/wiki/Cleveland) , 1872) which contains the lyrics: Have you seen my little girl? She doesn’t wear a bonnet/ She’s got a monstrous flip-flop hat with cherry ribbons on it. [4] (#cite_note-4) Madame Bergeret holding a bergère hat, c.1766. Painted by François Boucher (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher) Detail of the bergère hat from Boucher's portrait of Madame Bergeret Bergère hat, embroidered tulle over silk and straw. Aerial view of outside. 1750s. Bergère hat, embroidered tulle over silk and straw. Aerial view of underside. 1750s. See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bergère hats (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berg%C3%A8re_hats) . Pamela hat (/wiki/Pamela_hat) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P.E. (2010). The dictionary of fashion history (Rev., updated ed.). Oxford: Berg. p. 131. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847885333 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Grantland, Brenda and Robak, Mary (2012). Hatatorium: An Essential Guide for Hat Collectors . Brenda Grantland. p. 67. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780984785902 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Delpierre, Madeleine (1997). Dress in France in the Eighteenth Century . Yale University Press. p. 18. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300071283 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Scans of two 1872 Dolly Varden themed music sheets (http://www.dickensandshowbiz.com/sb054.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193326/http://www.dickensandshowbiz.com/sb054.htm) 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . dickensandshowbiz.com Retrieved 26 November 2011. v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion 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Valued object from an earlier era For the wine-related term, see Vintage (/wiki/Vintage) . For other uses, see Vintage (disambiguation) (/wiki/Vintage_(disambiguation)) . See also: Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vintage_(design)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Vintage_(design)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vintage_(design)&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vintage design refers to an item of another era that holds important and recognizable value. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) This style can be applied to interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , decor, clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) and other areas. Vintage design is popular [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) and vintage items have risen in price. Outlets of vintage design have shifted from thrift store (/wiki/Thrift_store) to shabby chic (/wiki/Shabby_chic) stores. [3] (#cite_note-3) Terminology [ edit ] There is debate over what determines if an item is vintage . Some rely on the definition of anything old and of value. The most widely accepted definition used by antique and vintage professionals is anything older than 20 (and less than 100) years old. [4] (#cite_note-4) The terms vintage, retro (/wiki/Retro_style) and antique (/wiki/Antique) are oftentimes used interchangeably and have some overlay, however the words possess different meanings. Retro refers to a style iconic of a previous era. Vintage generally refers to an item of high-quality materials and/or craftmanship, that is characteristic of a specific time period or artist, and is between 20 and 100 years old. Lastly, antique refers to an item of the previous era or at least 100 years old. [5] (#cite_note-5) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [6] (#cite_note-6) A related term is antiquity (/wiki/Antiquities) , which indicates something of past eras, or simply put, ancient. [7] (#cite_note-7) The word vintage originated in Late Middle English from Old French and Latin origins. Popularity [ edit ] Vintage advertisement for beer on the side of a building in the Downtown Tuscaloosa Historic District (/wiki/Downtown_Tuscaloosa_Historic_District) , Alabama, United States Vintage items spark interest in many. The United States Department of Labor tells us that, "Design and fashion trends play an important part in the production of furniture. The integrated design of the article for both esthetic and functional qualities is also a major part of the process of manufacturing furniture." [8] (#cite_note-8) The popularity of vintage design and vintage inspired items can be seen through media. In 2004 designer Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) created a line for Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) which called back to older collections. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) 's collection for her also uses references to the past. Vintage design can also be seen in ads which promote vintage inspired clothing. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) There are several reasons for vintage design's popularity. Some claim the phenomenon is due to the rarity and classic value of the items. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Others state the reason to be a mixture of peoples' nostalgia creating a positive emotional appeal toward a past era or their childhood, consumers' environmental concerns, an appreciation of past styles and craftsmanship, and other experience. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Subcategories [ edit ] Vintage design contains various subcategories reflecting the vast diversity of aesthetics that make up traditional and 20th century design styles. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [12] (#cite_note-12) Art Nouveau [ edit ] Art Nouveau (/wiki/Art_Nouveau) is a style containing curved lines, flowers and other plants, contrasting colors, ornate colors, young women, and intricate details. It was created at the end of the 1800s and gained popularity at the start of the 1910s. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Art Deco [ edit ] Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) was created to intentionally embrace a clean, modern, and man-made look, developed and popular from the 1920s and reaching its peak in the 1930s. This style features mostly geometric shapes, symmetrical patterns, and idealized human figures. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Mid-century modern [ edit ] Mid-century modern (/wiki/Mid-century_modern) style makes use of straight, clear lines, curved objects, wood tones, thin supporting, and oversized objects. It is meant to call back to the mid-20th century. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Atomic Age [ edit ] Referring to the period roughly corresponding to 1940–1963, the Atomic Age (/wiki/Atomic_Age_(design)) includes elements of space exploration, scientific discovery, and futurism (/wiki/Futurism) , creating an idea of an "optimistic, modern world". [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Atomic Age design became popular and instantly recognizable, with a use of atomic motifs and space age symbols. International Style [ edit ] International Style (/wiki/International_Typographic_Style) design contains broad block letters in fonts such as Helvetica (/wiki/Helvetica) (see Swiss Style (/wiki/Swiss_Style) for further information on the typographic style) and sleek, modern lines invoking Mies-ian (/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe) simplicity and a cosmopolitan aire. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Seventies [ edit ] The styles of the 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) are incredibly popular in vintage design, recalling the aesthetics of hippies (/wiki/Hippie) and other counterculture (/wiki/Counterculture) groups of the era. Use of natural color combinations such as the well-known ' harvest gold (/wiki/Harvest_gold) , avocado green (/wiki/Avocado_green) , and burnt orange (/wiki/Burnt_orange) ' was widespread, as were psychedelic colors and designs such as paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Punk [ edit ] The punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) counterculture style of the late 1970s and 1980s is reused today. It contains harsh lines, clashing colors, juxtaposition, and 'edgy' imagery to create an anti-authoritarian aesthetic. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Postmodernism [ edit ] Postmodernism (/wiki/Postmodern_art) as a style incorporates bold colors and abstract geometric motifs with intentionally humorous references to past architectural and design traditions, popular in the 1980s and 1990s. Whereas 'less is more' was a tenet of modernism, postmodern architect Robert Venturi (/wiki/Robert_Venturi) quipped 'less is a bore'. [13] (#cite_note-13) Postmodernism has heavily influenced the vaporwave (/wiki/Vaporwave) aesthetic. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) See also [ edit ] Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Cottagecore (/wiki/Cottagecore) Retro style (/wiki/Retro_style) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Definition of Vintage" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vintage) . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j "A Guide to Vintage Design Styles" (https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/the-potted-guide-to-vintage-design-styles--cms-26986) . tutsplus . 17 June 2020 . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kasprzak, Emma (17 April 2012). "Vintage style: The rise of retro" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-17667524) . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "What's the Difference Between "Antique" & "Vintage"?" (https://www.farmantiques.net/blog/whats-the-difference-between-antique-vintage#/) . Fargo Antiques & Repurposed Market . 18 April 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Definition of Retro" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retro) . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Definition of Antique" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antique) . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Definition of Antiquity" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antiquity) . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Reusing Furniture" (https://joysusedfurniture.com/reusing-furniture/) . Joy's Used Furniture & Decor . 17 July 2019 . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ a b c Larocca, Amy (4 July 2001). "Tomorrow's vintage today: with designers reissuing house hits and unveiling future classics, now is the time to snap up an item you can wear right away and sell in the future" (https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CA118880653&docType=Article&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=ZCUK-MOD1&prodId=PPTH&contentSet=GALE%7CA118880653&searchId=R1&inPS=true) . Gale one file . Retrieved 2 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Abdelrahman, Omar Khaled, Emma Banister, and Daniel Peter Hampson. "Curatorial consumption: Objects’ circulation and transference in the vintage marketplace." Journal of Business Research 114 (2020): 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.029 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.029) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "A Guide to Vintage Design Styles" (https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/the-potted-guide-to-vintage-design-styles--cms-26986) . Design & Illustration Envato Tuts+ . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Vintage design: tips and inspiration to master the trend" (https://99designs.com/blog/creative-inspiration/vintage-design-tips-and-inspiration/) . 99designs . 7 November 2018 . Retrieved 4 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) " (https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/less-is-more-vs-less-is-a-bore/) "Less Is More" vs. "Less Is a Bore": Whose Camp Are You In?" (https://architizer.com/blog/practice/details/less-is-more-vs-less-is-a-bore/) . Architizer . 24 June 2016 . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . This design (/wiki/Design) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Chinese footwear company For the sewing equipment company, see Feiyue Group (/wiki/Feiyue_Group) . This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feiyue&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( October 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Feiyue 飞跃 Product type footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Owner DaFu Rubber Company (China) [1] (#cite_note-about-1) Feiyue International (Worldwide) Produced by DaFu Rubber Company (Shanghai) [1] (#cite_note-about-1) Country China Introduced 1958 ; 66 years ago ( 1958 ) [2] (#cite_note-daxue-2) [3] (#cite_note-chinadaily-3) Markets Worldwide (Concentration: United Kingdom, United States, China, France) Registered as a trademark (/wiki/Trademark) in Feiyue International: [4] (#cite_note-SCMP2017-4) United States, [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) France, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan DaFu Rubber: China [4] (#cite_note-SCMP2017-4) Website chinafeiyue.cn (http://www.chinafeiyue.cn/) feiyue-shoes.com (https://www.feiyue-shoes.com/) Feiyue is a Chinese shoe brand founded in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) [6] (#cite_note-gold-6) owned by Dafu Rubber Co., Ltd. [1] (#cite_note-about-1) The brand was acquired by Feiyue International, a subsidiary of BBC International LLC in 2014. [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) [2] (#cite_note-daxue-2) [7] (#cite_note-bbcint-7) The word "Feiyue" ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 飞跃 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 飛躍 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : fēi yuè ) means "to leap" or "to fly over" and is reminiscent of the Great Leap Forward (/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward) . [8] (#cite_note-GM2017-8) The shoes were first produced in Shanghai during the 1920s. Since 2006 there have been two separate companies creating Feiyue shoes: Da Fu Rubber and its subsidiary manufacturer, Double Coin Holdings, and a French company operating separately from the original Chinese company. [6] (#cite_note-gold-6) [9] (#cite_note-SCMP2019-9) A number of performers wore Feiyue China shoes during the opening of the 2008 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics) in Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) . Actor Orlando Bloom (/wiki/Orlando_Bloom) was spotted wearing the French version of Feiyue shoes. [3] (#cite_note-chinadaily-3) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) The Chinese factory has 3,000 employees producing 36,000 pairs a day, with an average of 5,000,000 pairs sold in China yearly. [6] (#cite_note-gold-6) History [ edit ] Feiyue's roots can be traced to the 1920s when cloth shoes were manufactured in Shanghai. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1958, DaFu Rubber Company designed and produced a kind of civil shoe known as "Feiyue," a modification of the cloth shoes used by the Shaolin monks. [13] (#cite_note-chinadaily2-13) They gained popularity during the 1930s for their robustness, flexibility, and comfort, which were considered essential requirements for martial arts and various forms of athletics. [2] (#cite_note-daxue-2) The shoes are a staple for almost all wushu practitioners and athletes in China, with the shoes being used by Shaolin monks and Kung Fu masters. In 1963, using Feiyue and double arrow-labeled chevrons with "Feiyue track and field," the company became the best-selling shoe in China with an output of 1,616,000 pairs. By the 1980s, Feiyue sold about 4 million pairs yearly. [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) With the opening up of China and the associated cultural and economic shifts, the sneaker began to lose prominence in China, and by the end of the 1990s, the brand started selling in bulk due to low demand. [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) Once a highly regarded brand, by then, only elderly people and martial arts practitioners valued it as a cheap and durable brand. [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) In 2003, Shanghai Shenglong relaunched the production of shoes. [5] (#cite_note-tm-5) In 2005, Patrice Bastian got together with a group of artists to change the brand name. In February 2006, they launched the first French-designed Feiyue Shoe collection. [2] (#cite_note-daxue-2) The DaFu Rubber Company reorganized and sold the rights to Feiyue to the "Shuang Qian Group Co. Ltd," in 2009. That company leased manufacturing back to DaFu and another manufacturer, "Top One" (大博文). Feiyue Shoes U.S. Marketing Campaign Feiyue x Solid & Striped Collaboration In 2014, BBC International, the Boca Raton, Florida-based footwear firm, acquired the French Feiyue shoe company. [2] (#cite_note-daxue-2) Upon working with BBC, Feiyue's men's, women's, and children's collections were updated and globally introduced in Spring of 2015. BBC has made a large new collection that builds on its existing brand. It uses high-quality materials like leather. [14] (#cite_note-FN-14) In 2015, BBC International Launched a collaboration with Feiyue and Peanuts for a limited-edition collection. Before BBC's acquisition deal in August 2014, Feiyue had major success in collaborations, including collections with Celine, André, Casio, Bonton, NSBQ, and more; and continues with other collaborations beginning with Peanuts. [15] (#cite_note-15) The American Feiyue company collaborated in 2016 with the Solid & Striped clothing company, with textiles based on Solid & Striped designs. [16] (#cite_note-16) Intellectual property rights dispute [ edit ] A dispute exists surrounding the trademark (/wiki/Trademark) and intellectual property (/wiki/Intellectual_property) rights to Feiyue between the United States-owned company, Feiyue International, LLC, and Shanghai Da Fu Rubber Co, the company that originally manufactured the shoe. Liu Qinglong, manager of Shanghai Da Fu Rubber Co Ltd, said of the situation in 2017, “No one in China knew about commodity intellectual property rights at the time and it wasn’t until 2007–08 that we found out the French had registered the trademark.” [17] (#cite_note-France-17) According to the Young Post: "Liu claims the French company took advantage of the Chinese at a time when China was still grappling with capitalism and transitioning from all factories being state-owned assets to devolving some rights to individual businesses." [17] (#cite_note-France-17) Patrice Bastian, former co-founder and creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of Feiyue International, LLC, labels Chinese Feiyue "counterfeit," claiming "Feiyue in the US are the original ones because we have the brand registration." [17] (#cite_note-France-17) He also comments, "It's actually a legal issue and there are many things that we cannot control." [6] (#cite_note-gold-6) According to Bastian, while he was living in Asia in 2005, he became enamored of Feiyue's white vulcanized (/wiki/Vulcanized) shoes. [6] (#cite_note-gold-6) A sneaker collector, Bastien traveled to the factory to buy his lifetime supply and ended up making a bid to buy the brand (with partners Nicolas Seguy and Clement Fauth), financing the purchase by selling his sneaker collection. [18] (#cite_note-18) However, Da Fu maintains that Bastien made this purchase from a manufacturer and not from them, the original company, having not heard of the Bastian at all until 2007. [9] (#cite_note-SCMP2019-9) [8] (#cite_note-GM2017-8) In 2017, Bastian claimed that he didn't know exactly who owned the factory he purchased the brand from. [17] (#cite_note-France-17) Da Fu retains the trademark rights to Feiyue in China, but the US-based Feiyue holds the rights in much of the world, including France, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and Taiwan. [4] (#cite_note-SCMP2017-4) Da Fu took Feiyue International, LLC to court for the rights in France, but lost the lawsuit. [8] (#cite_note-GM2017-8) As such, the US-based Feiyue retains the rights regarding their trademarks, trade names, brand names, and trade dress, and claims protection by international laws and treaties. [19] (#cite_note-19) Distinctions between the original authentic Chinese and re-designed American versions [ edit ] The original Chinese versions of the Feiyue shoes and the re-designed American versions have a number of differences. The differences include: Sole [ edit ] The sole of the Chinese Feiyue shoe contains reduced padding on the bottom of the shoe, which is considered desirable for martial arts activities. The sole of the French version has thicker padding on the bottom and is designed for more general-purpose use. The seal at the center of the sole is a green triangle on the Chinese Feiyue, while the marking is a red circle on the American version. However, recently the Chinese version manufactured by Da Fu has begun to use the American red circle; those manufactured by Top One retain the green triangle. [20] (#cite_note-20) Canvas material [ edit ] The canvas material of the Chinese Feiyue shoe is thin, resulting in a large range of ankle flexibility. The martial arts application requires a wide range of foot motions. The canvas material of the American version is much thicker. Color [ edit ] The original Chinese Feiyues originally came in only two colors, black and white, with a HI and LO version of each. The shoes were previously only available in a limited range of styles—simple stripes with some different colors. The range of colors and styles has now grown tremendously both under the American-owned company and the Chinese-owned one, with the BBC International brand offering a wide variety of colors and the Da Fu brand offering a "rainbow" set of shoes. [9] (#cite_note-SCMP2019-9) Style [ edit ] The American version of the shoe offers a wide variety of fashion-forward choices for men, women, and kids. Consequently, collaborations with Céline (/wiki/C%C3%A9line) , Agnès B (/w/index.php?title=Agn%C3%A8s_B&action=edit&redlink=1) , and Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) followed, as did fans, including Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) , Reese Witherspoon (/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon) , and Orlando Bloom (/wiki/Orlando_Bloom) . [21] (#cite_note-21) The Chinese version of the shoe, on the other hand, has around 150 different styles of the shoes catered toward Chinese fashion tastes. [9] (#cite_note-SCMP2019-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c About us (http://www.chinafeiyue.cn/ppts) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200719051524/http://www.chinafeiyue.cn/ppts) 2020-07-19 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) on China Feiyue website ^ Jump up to: a b c d e CONVERSE’s recent controversy in China and Chinese sneaker brand‘s comeback (https://daxueconsulting.com/sneaker-market-in-china/) on Daxue Consulting, 12 Apr 2019 ^ Jump up to: a b Wang Ying (2016-06-20). "Feiyue shoe brand: Two countries, one iconic name" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170312071453/http://wap.chinadaily.com.cn/2016-06/20/content_25766628.htm) . China Daily. Archived from the original (http://wap.chinadaily.com.cn/2016-06/20/content_25766628.htm) on 2017-03-12. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Chinese company calls French firm 'robbers' for making Feiyue trainers" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-luxury/article/2073436/shoes-other-foot-chinese-company-calls-french-sneaker-firm) . South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2019-10-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Feiyue trademark by Feiyue International LLC of Boca Raton, FL (https://trademark.trademarkia.com/feiyue-87410302.html) on Trademarkia ^ Jump up to: a b c d e How Feiyue kung fu shoes are made in China (https://www.goldthread2.com/culture/inside-feiyue-shoe-factory-china/article/3032865) by Lia Yi on GoldThread, Oct 14, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-bbcint_7-0) Our brands (http://www.bbcint.com/Home/#portfolio) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211023123809/https://www.bbcint.com/Home#portfolio) 2021-10-23 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) on BBC International, 1 Dec 2019 ^ Jump up to: a b c "A 'Flying Leap' in Chinese branding" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-flying-leap-a-sneaker-with-history-breaks-the-mould-on-failed-chinesebranding/article35550535/) . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2019-10-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "How China's Feiyue sneakers, shoes of Shaolin monks, are making a comeback" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/article/3015522/how-chinas-feiyue-sneakers-shoes-shaolin-monks-are-making) . South China Morning Post . Retrieved 2019-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Erin, Clark. "BBC Inks Deal For Sneaker Brand" (https://footwearnews.com/2014/business/news/bbc-inks-deal-for-sneaker-brand-144238/) . Footwear News . Retrieved August 4, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Deola Adebiyi (June 2013). "Kick Starters" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180829175509/http://verticalfloormag.com/?p=171) . Vertical Floor Magazine . Archived from the original (http://verticalfloormag.com/?p=171) on 29 August 2018 . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Feiyue, a shoe brand with over 100 years of history in China." Daxue Consulting . ^ (#cite_ref-chinadaily2_13-0) "Feiyue shoes: An old name creates a new style." China Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-FN_14-0) Clack, Erin. "BBC Inks Deal for Sneaker Brand" (https://footwearnews.com/2014/business/news/bbc-inks-deal-for-sneaker-brand-144238/) . Footwear News . Retrieved August 4, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Nikara, Johns. "BC International Launching Collaboration With Feiyue & Peanuts" (https://footwearnews.com/2015/fashion/collaborations/peanuts-comic-feiyue-shoes-collection-48344/) . Footwear News . Retrieved July 31, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Aemilia, Madden. "Your Favorite Sneaker and Swimsuit lines Teamed Up for a Collab" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160419042337/http://www.whowhatwear.com/feiyue-solid-striped-collaboration) . Who What Wear . Archived from the original (https://www.whowhatwear.com/feiyue-solid-striped-collaboration) on April 19, 2016 . Retrieved April 15, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d France, Feiyue. "Feiyue: how authentic Chinese trainers became fakes, thanks to France" (https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/lifestyle/features/article/3073311/feiyue-how-authentic-chinese-trainers-became-fakes) . scmp.com . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bell, Jennie. "Exclusive 5Q with Feiyue Creative Director Patrice Bastian" (https://footwearnews.com/2015/focus/athletic-outdoor/exclusive-5q-with-feiyue-creative-director-patrice-bastian-5761/) . Footwear News . Retrieved Jan 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Feiyue. Conditions of Use" (https://feiyue-shoes.com/en/conditions-of-use) . feiyue-shoes.com . Retrieved 2018-08-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Feiyue Kung Fu Shoes" (https://www.karate.shoes/feiyue/) . Retrieved 26 Dec 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Stern, Claire. "Our New Sneaker Obsession: Feiyue Officially Launches in the U.S. Today" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210619223744/https://www.instyle.com/news/our-new-sneaker-obsession-feiyue-officially-launches-us-today) . In Style . Archived from the original (https://www.instyle.com/news/our-new-sneaker-obsession-feiyue-officially-launches-us-today) on June 19, 2021 . Retrieved April 16, 2015 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Feiyue (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Feiyue) . 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Native American outer garment consisting of a length of coarse woolen cloth (stroud) "Fig. 1. wears the proper Indian Match-coat, which is made of Skins, drest with the Furr on, sowed together, and worn with the Furr inwards, having the edges also gashed for beauty sake. ... Fig 2. wears the Duffield Match-coat bought of the English" [1] (#cite_note-1) A matchcoat or match coat is an outer garment (/wiki/Coat_(clothing)) consisting of a length of coarse woolen (/wiki/Woolen) cloth (stroud), usually about 2 metres (7 ft) long, worn wrapped around the upper part of the body like a toga (/wiki/Toga) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Historically, they have been worn primarily by the Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeastern_Woodlands) in North America (/wiki/North_America) , who may still wear them as regalia (/wiki/Regalia) or for traditional events. The matchcoat might be worn by people of either sex. It was a common article of trade by the English and French with the peoples of several Nations. The matchcoat was usually fastened with a belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) ; no buttons or pins were used. [3] (#cite_note-Marshall-3) It could also serve as a blanket for sleeping. The name "matchcoat" is a transliteration into English of an Algonquian (/wiki/Algonquian_languages) word referring to clothing in general. [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The original version of the matchcoat was a cloak (/wiki/Cloak) of animal skin, often worn with the fur inside during colder weather. During the course of the 1600s this began to be replaced by woven fabric purchased from the European settlers. [3] (#cite_note-Marshall-3) In 1644 Johannes Megapolensis (/wiki/Johannes_Megapolensis) wrote In winter, they [the Mohawks] hang about them simply an undressed deer or bear or panther skin; or they take some beaver and otter skins, wild cat, racoon, martin, otter, mink, squirrel or such like skins, of which there are plenty in this country, and sew some of them to others, until it is a square piece, and that is then a garment for them; or they buy of us Dutchmen two and a half ells of duffel, and that they hang simply about them, just as it was, without sewing it [5] (#cite_note-5) During the late 1600s there was increasing use of ready-made clothing and a corresponding decline in use of matchcoats. [3] (#cite_note-Marshall-3) See also [ edit ] Belted plaid (/wiki/Belted_plaid) Draped garment (/wiki/Draped_garment) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Beverly, Robert (1705). The History and Present State of Virginia . Retrieved Oct 14, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hobbs, Davy. "Handbook For Native Interpreters" (http://www.fttoulousejackson.org/nativeguide) . Fort Toulouse - Fort Jackson . Retrieved Oct 14, 2015 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ a b c Becker, Marshall Joseph. "Matchcoats: Cultural Conservatism and Change" (http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=anthrosoc_facpub) . Digital Commons@West Chester University . Retrieved Oct 14, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Becker, Marshall (1982). "Excavations at the Prinzhof" (https://books.google.com/books?id=BB0QAQAAMAAJ&q=matchcoat) . Bulletin: Eastern States Archeological Federation (63) . Retrieved October 14, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Megapolensis, Johannes (1644). Account of the Mohawk Indians . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780815604105 . 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matchcoat&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐6wcfq Cached time: 20240712173045 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.415 seconds Real time usage: 0.672 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1003/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 71973/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2734/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34392/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7193952/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 513.104 1 -total 32.55% 167.035 1 Template:Reflist 28.03% 143.837 1 Template:Short_description 26.82% 137.615 6 Template:Navbox 25.06% 128.599 1 Template:Clothing 19.18% 98.417 2 Template:Cite_book 17.65% 90.573 6 Template:Main_other 17.10% 87.716 1 Template:SDcat 9.02% 46.283 1 Template:Flatlist 8.26% 42.399 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48224845-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173045 and revision id 1232528393. 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Mid 20th century American clothing brand This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Polly_Flinders&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Polly+Flinders&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Polly+Flinders) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Polly_Flinders) for suggestions. ( January 2021 ) Polly Flinders was a brand name of children's clothing, popular in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and known for their hand- smocking (/wiki/Smocking) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Polly Flinders was the brain child of Richard Baylis and Merritt Baylis, two brothers from Cincinnati who were stationed in Washington, D.C., during World War II. The young men spent their free time in the Library of Congress researching post-war economies and trying to plan for their futures. They concluded that population booms inevitably followed large wars and decided to create a business that could capitalize on a post-war Baby Boom. A woman in their apartment building sewed the hand-smocked little girls dresses, which were hugely popular with friends, family, and neighbors. The Baylis brothers bought their neighbors design and went into business for themselves. Baylis Brothers was founded in Cincinnati in 1946 and eventually became a tradename for the brothers' corporation. Their market research proved accurate and Polly Flinders dresses became immensely popular with parents and grandparents of Baby Boomers. The company grew and eventually became a The Baylis Brothers Co., a Delaware corporation. It had a large headquarters and factory building at 224 East Eighth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Eventually, the company began shipping the parts for the dresses to Barbados to be sewn at much lower labor rates than Ohio workers. The dresses were available at major chain outlets, including Sears (/wiki/Sears) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Although Polly Flinders dresses no longer exist, dresses of a similar style are made by many manufacturers and the style remains popular. On April 22, 1969, the Baylis brothers sold their company to a major conglomerate, U.S. Industries, Inc. (/w/index.php?title=U.S._Industries,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) , which after rapid growth in the 1960's found itself divesting assets in the 1980's. [3] (#cite_note-3) At the time of the sale, The Baylis Brothers Co., changed its name to T.B.B. Co. and transferred substantially all its assets to U.S. Industries. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Baylis brothers continued to manage the business for some years but eventually retired. Polly Flinders is also the name of a child referenced in a 19th-century British nursery rhyme (/wiki/Nursery_rhyme) named "Little Polly Flinders" where it has the same tune as and is a faster version of " Baa, Baa, Black Sheep (/wiki/Baa,_Baa,_Black_Sheep) ". References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Polly Flinders,Polly Flinders baby dresses,Polly Flinders toddler dresses,Polly Flinders girls dresses,Polly Flinders smocked dresses,Polly Flanders" (https://www.grammies-attic.com/pollyflinders.html) . www.grammies-attic.com . Retrieved 2019-07-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Compa, Lance and Stephen Diamond. Human Rights, Labor Rights, and International Trade. U of PA Press, 2003, p.131 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Salpukas, Agis (1981-06-20). "U.S. INDUSTRIES TO SELL 14 DIVISIONS" (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/20/business/us-industries-to-sell-14-divisions.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-08-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ohio Secretary of State Business Entity Records" (https://bizimage.ohiosos.gov/api/image/pdf/B613_1397) . Ohio Secretary of State Business Records . 1969-04-22. 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American fashion designer and businesswoman Sally Milgrim Milgrim in the 1920s Born ( 1898-04-21 ) April 21, 1898 New York, USA Died June 16, 1994 (1994-06-16) (aged 96) Occupation Dressmaker Spouse Charles Milgrim ​ ( m. 1914) ​ Children Franklin, Richard, Paul Sally Milgrim ( née Knobel; April 21, 1898 – June 16, 1994) was an American businesswoman and fashion designer. She notably designed the dress Eleanor Roosevelt (/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt) wore to her husband's first inaugural ball. Early life and education [ edit ] Milgrim was born as Sally Knobel on April 21, 1898, to immigrant parents Philip and Tillie Knobel. [1] (#cite_note-book-1) She was married to Charles Milgrim in 1914, who co-operated a family suit business on the Lower East Side of New York City. [2] (#cite_note-jwa-2) Career [ edit ] 1940 advertisement featuring a dress by Milgrim At her husband's business, Milgrim began displaying her own dress designs to appeal to the female consumers. [1] (#cite_note-book-1) By 1922, her dress designs were sold across twenty-nine states [3] (#cite_note-Shin-3) and she was recruited to design clothes for Broadway productions. [1] (#cite_note-book-1) Milgrim eventually opened her own store on 57th Street near Fifth Avenue in 1927. [4] (#cite_note-obituary-4) Due to her popularity, Milgrim was forced to move into a larger space on Fifty-Seventh Street to sell her designs. Her building was designed by architect L. H. Friedland and the interior by the Paris Studio of New York. [3] (#cite_note-Shin-3) In 1933, Milgrim was asked to design a dress for Eleanor Roosevelt (/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt) to wear to her husband's first inaugural ball (/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt) . [5] (#cite_note-mom-5) The light blue dress [5] (#cite_note-mom-5) would later go on display at the Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Milgrim also designed dresses for Marilyn Miller (/wiki/Marilyn_Miller) , Ethel Merman (/wiki/Ethel_Merman) , Pearl White (/wiki/Pearl_White) , Louise Brooks (/wiki/Louise_Brooks) [7] (#cite_note-7) and Mary Pickford (/wiki/Mary_Pickford) . [4] (#cite_note-obituary-4) In March 1936, Milgrim was honored by the New York League of Business and Professional Women for her achievements. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 1941, Milgrim unveiled a new collection called "Arabesque," as it was inspired by their modest fashion. The clothes in this collection emphasized women's "tent-pole Silhouette," which means she combined many styles into one. [9] (#cite_note-9) She also created a "ready to wear" clothing line labelled "Salymil." [10] (#cite_note-10) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) described this label as "fresh young clothes." [11] (#cite_note-11) Later life and legacy [ edit ] Milgrim retired from the fashion industry in 1960, and eventually died on June 16, 1994. [4] (#cite_note-obituary-4) A collection of her hats is in an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Delbert Unruh; Ione C. Unruh (November 6, 2018). Forgotten Designers Costume Designers of American Broadway Revues and Musicals From 1900-1930 . Page Publishing Inc. pp. 404–409. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781640827585 . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-jwa_2-0) Vafakos, Jennifer (June 23, 2021). "Sally Milgrim" (https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/milgrim-sally) . The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women . Retrieved April 4, 2022 . ^ a b Shin, Jooyoung (December 11, 2018). "Sally Milgrim: A Pioneer of American Fashion, 1920–1935". The Journal of the Costume Society of America . 44 (2): 83–104. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/03612112.2018.1497845 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03612112.2018.1497845) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 187229802 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:187229802) . ^ a b c "Sally Milgrim, 103, A Clothes Designer" (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/16/obituaries/sally-milgrim-103-a-clothes-designer.html) . The New York Times . June 16, 1994 . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ a b Neuman, Johanna (September 29, 2014). "From Ghetto to Glamour" (https://momentmag.com/from-ghetto-to-glamour/3/) . momentmag.com . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Smithsonian's "First Ladies" collection" (https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/smithsonians-first-ladies-collection/15/) . cbsnews.com . January 15, 2017 . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Louise Brooks Evening Gown - a Sally Milgrim Design" (https://www.pandorasbox.com/louise_brooks_archive/louise-brooks-evening-gown-a-sally-milgrim-design/) . Louise Brooks Society . Retrieved July 5, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Noted Women" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-mar-17-1936-1432715/) . Berkeley Daily Gazette . California. March 17, 1936. p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Young, Marguerite (September 9, 1941). "Harlem Skirt, Tent Pole Silhouette and 9-inch Length for Semi-Formal, New Style Trend" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-sep-09-1941-1432738/) . Athens Messenger . Ohio. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Walford, Jonathan (October 10, 2012). 1950s American Fashion . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 31. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780747812807 . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Daniel Delis Hill (2007). As Seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising . Texas Tech University Press. p. 60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780896726161 . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Miss Sally Milgrim" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/169648) . metmuseum.org . Retrieved November 13, 2019 . 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Defunct women monthly fashion magazine London Dresses in Magazine of Female Fashions of London and Paris , No. 21 (1799). The Magazine of Female Fashions of London & Paris was a monthly illustrated fashion magazine (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) published under that title from 1798 until 1806, and then continued until 1809 under the title Record of Fashion and Court Elegance . [1] (#cite_note-Adburgham-1) Initially printed for Richard Phillips in London, from 1807 to 1809 it was published by Orme, Harris and Walker, and was compiled under the direction of Mrs Fiske. [1] (#cite_note-Adburgham-1) It was unusual among women's magazines of the time in being devoted entirely to fashion. [2] (#cite_note-2) It was advertised in 1799 as "a Monthly Work, price 1s. 6d. each Number Containing three or four beautifully coloured Plates, representing the actually prevailing Female Fashions of London and Paris, for the use of Milliners, &c." [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Alison Adburgham, Women in Print: Writing Women and Women's Magazines from the Restoration to the Accession of Victoria (Faber & Faber, 2012). ^ (#cite_ref-2) Onur Inal, "Women's Fashions in Transition: Ottoman Borderlands and the Anglo-Ottoman Exchange of Costumes" in From Traditional Attire to Modern Dress , edited by Constanţa Vintilă-Ghiţulescu (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011), p. 155. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "New and interesting Works publishing by R. Phillips", appended to August von Kotzebue (/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue) , Family Distress; Or, Self Immolation: A Play, in Three Acts (R. Phillips, 1799). Online (https://books.google.com/books?id=kZAuAAAAYAAJ) . This women's magazine–related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magazine_of_Female_Fashions_of_London_%26_Paris&action=edit) . See tips for writing articles about magazines (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Magazines/Writing_guide) . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page (/wiki/Talk:Magazine_of_Female_Fashions_of_London_%26_Paris) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐7k6vw Cached time: 20240713111309 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.175 seconds Real time usage: 0.685 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 298/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5240/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 588/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6664/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.105/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1955954/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 649.342 1 -total 65.29% 423.952 1 Template:Authority_control 19.09% 123.958 1 Template:Short_description 11.81% 76.716 1 Template:Womens-mag-stub 11.28% 73.249 1 Template:Asbox 9.45% 61.369 3 Template:Main_other 9.07% 58.910 1 Template:SDcat 7.17% 46.574 2 Template:Pagetype 2.38% 15.429 1 Template:Reflist 0.88% 5.705 1 Template:Italic_title Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63576151-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713111309 and revision id 1171619100. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magazine_of_Female_Fashions_of_London_%26_Paris&oldid=1171619100 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magazine_of_Female_Fashions_of_London_%26_Paris&oldid=1171619100) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Defunct women's magazines published in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Defunct_women%27s_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom) Fashion magazines published in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom) Magazines established in 1798 (/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_1798) Magazines disestablished in 1809 (/wiki/Category:Magazines_disestablished_in_1809) Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Monthly_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom) Women's magazine stubs (/wiki/Category:Women%27s_magazine_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
South African men's fashion brand This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Bogart_Man&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Bogart+Man&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Bogart+Man) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Bogart_Man) for suggestions. ( August 2020 ) Bogart Man Headquarters Italy (/wiki/Italy) Owner Eli Saig URL https://www.bogart.co.za/ (https://www.bogart.co.za/) Launched 2000 ; 24 years ago ( 2000 ) Current status Active Bogart Man is a South African-based fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) established in 2000, founded by designer (/wiki/Designer) Eli Saig (/w/index.php?title=Eli_Saig&action=edit&redlink=1) (born February 3, 1966), an Israeli fashion (/wiki/Fashion) guru. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) The company is best-known for making fashionable garments for men. [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Eli Saig Revs up Fashion Label, Plans Major Extension" (https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/10/eli-saig-revs-up-fashion-label-plans-major-extension/) . June 10, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Our dream is to become a global fashion brand- Eli Saig, Bogart Man boss" (https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/06/our-dream-is-to-become-a-global-fashion-brand-eli-saig-bogart-man-boss/) . June 16, 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bogart Man is purely made for every modern gentleman - Eli Saig" (https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/bogart-man-is-purely-made-for-every-modern-gentleman-eli-saig/) . June 25, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-auto1_4-0) "Inspiration, passion behind Bogart Man - Eli Saig, CEO" (https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/inspiration-passion-behind-bogart-man-eli-saig-ceo/) . November 11, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "How Eli Saig is building Bogart Man into formidable fashion brand" (https://thenationonlineng.net/how-eli-saig-is-building-bogart-man-into-formidable-fashion-brand/) . June 8, 2020. External links [ edit ] bogartman (https://www.instagram.com/bogartman/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b7d4d997‐rls6w Cached time: 20240701054014 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.290 seconds Real time usage: 0.435 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1398/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18487/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2138/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21657/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.180/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5100557/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 417.153 1 -total 24.61% 102.643 1 Template:Reflist 22.72% 94.781 1 Template:Orphan 20.98% 87.529 5 Template:Cite_web 20.83% 86.902 1 Template:Draft_other 20.35% 84.901 1 Template:Ambox 20.33% 84.827 1 Template:Short_description 20.23% 84.381 1 Template:Infobox_website 18.03% 75.192 1 Template:Infobox 11.14% 46.461 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64455218-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701054014 and revision id 1190530631. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bogart_Man&oldid=1190530631 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bogart_Man&oldid=1190530631) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) Clothing companies established in 2000 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2000) Design companies established in 2000 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2000) African clothing (/wiki/Category:African_clothing) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from August 2020 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_August_2020) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles)
South Korean fashion designer Rejina Pyo is a South Korean fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) She was born and grew up in Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea. [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) Pyo launched her eponymous fashion brand in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) As of 2020, there are more than 100 stockists worldwide. [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) People to have worn her clothes include Leandra Medine (/wiki/Leandra_Medine) , Eva Chen (/wiki/Eva_Chen) , Kate Foley, and Meghan Markle (/wiki/Meghan_Markle) . [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) Fo London Fashion Week, spring/summer 2022 in September 2021 her show was held at the London Aquatics Centre (/wiki/London_Aquatics_Centre) . [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e McAlpine, Sara (13 November 2020). "Meet Rejina Pyo" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a34655953/rejina-pyo-interview/) . Elle . Retrieved 29 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_2-0) Jones, Jo (22 September 2021). "London fashion week spring/summer 2022: key shows – in pictures" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2021/sep/22/london-fashion-week-springsummer-2022-key-shows-in-pictures) . The Guardian . Retrieved 29 September 2021 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/453320) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐ls42x Cached time: 20240715072834 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.383 seconds Real time usage: 0.554 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 515/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7573/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 803/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13420/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.286/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4043381/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 534.536 1 -total 33.15% 177.196 1 Template:Short_description 30.47% 162.866 1 Template:Reflist 30.38% 162.379 1 Template:Authority_control 26.36% 140.925 2 Template:Cite_news 19.38% 103.598 4 Template:Main_other 18.82% 100.602 1 Template:SDcat 10.88% 58.164 2 Template:Pagetype 4.04% 21.596 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 3.10% 16.548 2 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68849211-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715072834 and revision id 1203517761. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rejina_Pyo&oldid=1203517761 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rejina_Pyo&oldid=1203517761) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : South Korean women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_women_fashion_designers) Artists from Seoul (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Seoul) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from September 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021) Use British English from September 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2021) Articles with RKDartists identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_RKDartists_identifiers) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
This category is for details, functional or embellishments, of separate items of clothing. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parts of clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parts_of_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐2fb8g Cached time: 20240720184201 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.047 seconds Real time usage: 0.067 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2533/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 338/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946166/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 60.718 1 Template:Commons_cat 100.00% 60.718 1 -total 93.60% 56.831 1 Template:Sister_project 90.75% 55.100 1 Template:Side_box 7.51% 4.557 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8197638-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720184201 and revision id 884384644. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. B Badges (/wiki/Category:Badges) ‎ (3 C, 26 P, 11 F) Buttons (/wiki/Category:Buttons) ‎ (15 P) F Fasteners (/wiki/Category:Fasteners) ‎ (9 C, 104 P) N Necklines (/wiki/Category:Necklines) ‎ (14 P) Notions (sewing) (/wiki/Category:Notions_(sewing)) ‎ (2 C, 21 P) S Sleeves (/wiki/Category:Sleeves) ‎ (10 P) Space suit components (/wiki/Category:Space_suit_components) ‎ (10 P) Pages in category "Parts of clothing" The following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Aglet (/wiki/Aglet) Agra gauze (/wiki/Agra_gauze) B Button (/wiki/Button) C Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Cleavage (breasts) (/wiki/Cleavage_(breasts)) Coat pocket (/wiki/Coat_pocket) Collar stay (/wiki/Collar_stay) Crotch (/wiki/Crotch) D Dart (sewing) (/wiki/Dart_(sewing)) Delmonas (/wiki/Delmonas) Dorset button (/wiki/Dorset_button) F Facing (sewing) (/wiki/Facing_(sewing)) Flounce (fabric) (/wiki/Flounce_(fabric)) Fringe (trim) (/wiki/Fringe_(trim)) G Geodeulji (/wiki/Geodeulji) Godet (sewing) (/wiki/Godet_(sewing)) Gore (fabrics) (/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)) Gusset (/wiki/Gusset) H Hemline (/wiki/Hemline) L Lapel (/wiki/Lapel) Leading strings (/wiki/Leading_strings) Lettuce hem (/wiki/Lettuce_hem) Liripipe (/wiki/Liripipe) M Martingale (clothing) (/wiki/Martingale_(clothing)) P Placket (/wiki/Placket) Pleat (/wiki/Pleat) Pocket (/wiki/Pocket) Pom-pom (/wiki/Pom-pom) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Princess seams (/wiki/Princess_seams) R Revers (/wiki/Revers) Ruffle (sewing) (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) S Scogger (/wiki/Scogger) Shirt stays (/wiki/Shirt_stays) Shoulder pad (fashion) (/wiki/Shoulder_pad_(fashion)) Spaghetti strap (/wiki/Spaghetti_strap) Strap (/wiki/Strap) Style line (/wiki/Style_line) T Trim (sewing) (/wiki/Trim_(sewing)) V Vent (tailoring) (/wiki/Vent_(tailoring)) W Waistband (/wiki/Waistband) Waistline (clothing) (/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)) Y Yoke (clothing) (/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Parts_of_clothing&oldid=884384644 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Parts_of_clothing&oldid=884384644) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Fashion design (/wiki/Category:Fashion_design) Components (/wiki/Category:Components) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Unlawful theft of human head hair A cut-off ponytail represents a valuable commodity for hair thieves Hair theft has been a recurrent problem in various parts of the world where human hair is in demand, either for commercial products such as wigs (/wiki/Wig) and hairpieces (/wiki/Hairpiece) , or for sexual fetishes (/wiki/Sexual_fetishism) . As hair has a high commercial value – in the mid-19th century it was regarded as worth twice its weight in silver – opportunist thieves have targeted long-haired women, and less commonly men and children, with the aim of stealing their hair. Hair thieves have typically sought either to surreptitiously cut off hair in public places, or have mugged people and shorn their heads. The crime of hair theft has been widely reported in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia over the course of at least 300 years. Hair as a commodity [ edit ] After a thousand-year abeyance, wigs came back into fashion in western Europe from the 16th century onwards, boosted in particular by King Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Hair came to be seen in Western countries as a means of publicly displaying the wearer's high status, and ability to engage in conspicuous consumption (/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption) . A burgeoning trade in hair products included all the tools needed to maintain elaborate hairstyles – curling sticks, crimping irons, creams, soaps, oils, brushes, pins, and so on. The increasing ornateness of formal hairstyles required many to supplement their natural hair with extensions, or to use wigs instead, created by commercial wig-makers. [1] (#cite_note-Ofek-1) This created a highly profitable market in human hair, which was said in the mid-19th century to be worth twice its weight in silver. In 1851, 10,862 pounds (4,927 kg) of hair was imported from France to England, with a value of £3,621 (£101,388 today). [1] (#cite_note-Ofek-1) The Hairdressers' Journal reported in May 1863, that a hundred tons of hair a year was being sold in Parisian markets. Not all hair was created equal; female hair from northern Italy and Spain was especially prized for its glossiness, black colour, and curly texture. [2] (#cite_note-Hairdressers-2) It retailed at a price of 10–12 shillings (/wiki/Shilling) per ounce (worth about £43/€50/$67 in 2013 prices), rising to £1 per ounce (about £87/€101/$136) for very long hair. A "hair harvest" was held annually in the poorer villages of Italy, where local girls sold their hair to wig-makers. One observer of a hair harvesting event reported seeing "several girls, sheared, one after the other like sheep, and as many more standing ready for the shears, with their caps in their hands, and their long hair combed out, and hanging down to their waists." [3] (#cite_note-3) Hair crime [ edit ] Female hair is in high demand by wig-makers; a full-length wig made from human hair can be worth hundreds of dollars [4] (#cite_note-Machete-4) The value of human hair has meant that for several centuries, criminals have seen hair as worth stealing. As a result, women in a number of countries have found themselves at risk of being mugged, and their hair shorn off by hair thieves. As The Hairdressers' Journal put it in 1863, "Even in the present day, it has happened over and over again that a good crop of hair has been laid in wait for, and shorn from the trembling victim, who has been only too glad to get free with but the loss of her hair." [2] (#cite_note-Hairdressers-2) An American newspaper reported in 1869 that demand for hair of unusual colours and shades was behind an outbreak of hair theft in New York City, where "the tresses dangling behind the head" were "easy prey." A few months later, a letter to The Times (/wiki/The_Times) reported that hair thieves were at work in London too: ...infesting the thoroughfares and omnibuses of London and stealing hair. A young friend of ours has just had the whole of her hair cut off in broad daylight in Westbourne Grove (/wiki/Westbourne_Grove) ... It is to be hoped that the police will really endeavour to put a stop to this serious nuisance, otherwise ladies will be afraid to walk in the streets. [1] (#cite_note-Ofek-1) It was not only women who were at risk. It was said that during the 18th century, the demand for hair in England was so great that in some places, children were forbidden to venture out alone, lest they fall victim to hair thieves. [5] (#cite_note-5) The Jacksonville Weekly Sentinel reported on 3 September 1869 that on their arrival at San Francisco, "eighty newly-arrived Chinamen had their handsome pig-tails cut off by hair thieves." [6] (#cite_note-6) The Evening Independent of St Petersburg, Florida (/wiki/St_Petersburg,_Florida) reported in September 1913: ...hair thieves have appeared in the west. They enter homes in the night and cut the hair from the heads of sleeping women and children. They do not attempt to move their victims but cut only such hair as can be conveniently reached without awakening the sleepers. There seems to be an organized gang of these thieves. No attempt is made at any other form of robbery, the thieves leaving even watches and jewelry untouched. [7] (#cite_note-7) Women in Wellington (/wiki/Wellington) , New Zealand were targeted on the streets by an opportunist hair thief in 1914. According to a victim interviewed by the Grey River Argus , "For the life of me I couldn't tell you exactly when or where I lost my hair. I didn't feel anything at all [...] when opposite Te Aro House, my friend said: 'Oh, someone's cut your hair off!' I laughed and said it was nonsense, but I found it was only too true." [8] (#cite_note-8) In more recent times, outbreaks of hair theft have been reported in several countries in south-east Asia, and in South America. A gang of Brazilian hair thieves consisting of "a fat man driving a small taxi, a boy about 14 and two women dressed as policewomen" were reported to have shorn the hair off 10 women in the municipality of Mogi das Cruzes (/wiki/Mogi_das_Cruzes) near São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) in 1967. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2007, women in Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) (Burma) fell victim to hair thieves who stole their hair on the street or while commuting. As many Myanmar women have very long hair, reaching to their waists or knees but worn in a ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) , thieves found it easy to snip it off surreptitiously. [10] (#cite_note-10) The price of hair, at about $445 for 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb), made it a profitable enterprise. [11] (#cite_note-11) More outbreaks of hair theft occurred in Brazil in 2008, the victims including a woman in Aracaju (/wiki/Aracaju) , whose 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)-long hair had not been cut in 20 years. [4] (#cite_note-Machete-4) In 2013, long-haired people in South Africa and Venezuela were also reported to be the target of gangs of hair thieves. A number of inhabitants of Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) and Durban (/wiki/Durban) had their dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlock) stolen by "hair jackers", carrying out "cut and runs" using anything from knives to shards of broken glass. The thieves' motivation was the high price of hair extensions, resulting from a new method of hairstyling known as "crocheting", that can give recipients an instant set of dreadlocks, which has produced intense competition for supplies of human hair. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) A Venezuelan gang of hair thieves known as the Piranhas were reported to be operating in broad daylight in shopping malls in the city of Maracaibo (/wiki/Maracaibo) . According to news reports, gang members, several of them female, are known to surround their victims, force them to pull their hair back into a ponytail, and then cut it off. As many as three cases a day were being reported in August 2013. The President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro (/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro) , pledged to bring the Piranhas to justice: "We will capture these people, we will legislate to ban this crime. What sort of aggression is this? Our girls are sacred and we will apply the law with great force." [14] (#cite_note-14) Sexual hair crime [ edit ] Not all hair theft is motivated by commercial desire. Sexually motivated hair theft has also been reported – the work of hair fetishists (/wiki/Hair_fetishism) known in the 19th century as "plait cutters" or "hair despoilers". They were said to cut off the braids or tresses of girls attending public gatherings, and to take their prizes home to be touched, caressed, and admired. Hair fetishists also collected commercially available hair products, blurring the distinction between sexual fetishism, and a widespread 19th century consumer culture that endorsed "collecting, hoarding, displaying, desiring, fondling, possessing and continually looking." [1] (#cite_note-Ofek-1) In one case reported by The Hairdresser's Journal , a well-to-do German "hair fancier" was caught after a campaign of hair stealing, and was found to have an "immense number of beautiful locks [of hair]" in his home. The locks were arranged in a cabinet which resembled a museum, "together with all particulars of the fair one's name, age, place of residence, and station in life [...] in each carefully-placed packet containing a lock of ravished hair." [2] (#cite_note-Hairdressers-2) See also [ edit ] Paraphilia (/wiki/Paraphilia) The Rape of the Lock (/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock) by Alexander Pope References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Ofek, Galia (2009). Representations of Hair in Victorian Literature and Culture . Ashgate Publishing. pp. 22–3. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780754661610 . ^ a b c "The Hairdressers' Journal". I (3). May 1863: 32–3. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Wilson, A.N. (2011). The Victorians . Random House. p. 163. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781446493205 . ^ a b "Machete-wielding hair robbers strike again" (http://www.news.com.au/weird-true-freaky/machete-wielding-hair-robbers-strike-again/story-e6frflri-1111115397530) . news.com.au . 25 January 2008 . Retrieved 15 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Binder, Pearl (1953). Muffs and Morals . G.G. Harrap. p. 104. ^ (#cite_ref-6) The Jacksonville Weekly Sentinel . 3 September 1869. p. 2. {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Evening Independent . St Petersburg, Florida. 20 September 1913. p. 9. {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "THE HAIR THEIF (sic)". Grey River Argus . 19 May 1914. p. 7. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Hair Thieves' Loot". Gadsden Times . 22 May 1967. p. 24. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Long-haired women face threat of hair thieves" (http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/long-haired-women-face-threat-of-hair-thieves-1.352744#.Ug0zTKzKE1I) . IOL. 13 May 2007 . Retrieved 15 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Bad hair days in Myanmar" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10439545) . The New Zealand Herald . 14 May 2007 . Retrieved 15 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Fihlani, Pumzi (27 February 2013). "South Africa's dreadlock thieves" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21498878) . BBC News . Retrieved 19 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Textured Tape in Extensions" (https://www.amazingbeautyhair.com/collections/textured-tape-in-extensions) . AMAZING BEAUTY HAIR . Retrieved 2023-09-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Lopéz, Virginia (15 August 2013). "Venezuelan women get short, sharp shock as hair thieves cut and run" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/15/venezuelan-women-hair-thieves-maracaibo) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 August 2013 . 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American brand management company Not to be confused with Iconix Entertainment (/wiki/Iconix_Entertainment) or Iconix (/wiki/Iconix_(disambiguation)) . Iconix Brand Group Inc. Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 1978 ; 46 years ago ( 1978 ) [1] (#cite_note-bloomb-1) Founder Neil Cole [1] (#cite_note-bloomb-1) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York, U.S. Area served Worldwide Key people Peter Cuneo (/wiki/Peter_Cuneo) (executive chairman) Robert C. Galvin (president & CEO) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) Revenue US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 400 million FY (/wiki/Fiscal_year) 2011 Net income (/wiki/Net_income) US$ 80M FY 2011 Owner Lancer Capital, LLC Number of employees 120 Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) List Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) Cannon Mills (/wiki/Cannon_Mills) Ed Hardy (/wiki/Don_Ed_Hardy) Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) London Fog (/wiki/London_Fog_(company)) Marc Ecko (/wiki/Marc_Ecko) Material Girl (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) Mudd (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) Pony (/wiki/Pony_International) Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Zoo York (/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)) Website www (https://www.iconixbrand.com) .iconixbrand (https://www.iconixbrand.com) .com (https://www.iconixbrand.com) Iconix Brand Group is an American brand management (/wiki/Brand_management) company that licenses brands (/wiki/Brand) to retailers and manufacturers, primarily in the apparel (/wiki/Clothing) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) and apparel accessory industries. History and operations [ edit ] The company began as Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) , Inc., whose brand it purchased in 1993. The Bongo brand was bought in 1998, then the Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) brand was purchased in 2004. The Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) and Rampage brands were acquired on July 22, 2005, and September 15, 2005, respectively. In 2006, the company acquired the Mudd (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) , London Fog (/wiki/London_Fog_(company)) , Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) , and Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) brands on April 11, August 29, November 1, and November 6, respectively. The company continued with acquisitions in 2007 with the purchase of Cannon (/wiki/Cannon_Mills) , Danskin, Artful Dodger, and Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) brands. On November 15, 2007, Iconix bought the Starter (/wiki/Starter_Clothing_Line) brand from Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . On October 27, 2009, Iconix paid $109 million for a 51% stake in urban fashion brand Eckō Unltd. (/wiki/Eck%C5%8D_Unltd.) It acquired full ownership in May 2013. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) On June 3, 2010, Iconix and Charles M. Schulz (/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz) Creative Associates jointly acquired all assets related to the Peanuts (/wiki/Peanuts) comic strip from its longtime owner, United Media (/wiki/United_Media) , using the property to form a new company, Peanuts Worldwide (/wiki/Peanuts_Worldwide) , which is 80% owned by Iconix and 20% owned by Schulz Associates. Peanuts Worldwide also acquired United Media's licensing arm, which represents licensing for its other properties including Dilbert (/wiki/Dilbert) and Nancy (/wiki/Nancy_(comic_strip)) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2011, Iconix acquired electronics brand The Sharper Image (/wiki/The_Sharper_Image) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In October 2012, Nike Inc. (/wiki/Nike_Inc.) announced that it had signed with Iconix Brand Group to sell the English brand Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) for US$225 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) The acquisition was completed in December 2012. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2013, Iconix acquired Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) from Sun Capital Partners (/wiki/Sun_Capital_Partners) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In February 2013, Iconix acquired control of the Buffalo David Bitton brand in an effort to expand into higher-end brands. Iconix paid Buffalo International ULC $76.5 million in cash for a 51% stake in the brand. [9] (#cite_note-9) In February 2015, Iconix bought the Strawberry Shortcake (/wiki/Strawberry_Shortcake) brand from American Greetings (/wiki/American_Greetings) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Also that month, Iconix and Anthony L&S Athletics, LLC acquired intangible assets of Pony (/wiki/Pony_International) along with North American rights to the brand from Symphony Holdings, LLC, with the option to purchase additional markets. A new subsidiary, with 75% and 25% stakes owned by Iconix and Anthony L&S Athletics respectively, would hold the Pony rights. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2015, several top executives, including founder Neil Cole, resigned following a statement that Iconix was under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The investigation was triggered by Iconix's 2014 financial statements, after which it received a letter from the SEC. Stock prices fell 24% after Iconix confirmed the investigation. [13] (#cite_note-13) On December 5, 2019, the SEC charged Iconix and three of its former top executives with fraud. The COO, Seth Horowitz, pleaded guilty to the charges, and Iconix agreed to pay a $5.5 million penalty. As of July 2020, the suit against the founder and previous CEO, Neil Cole, is still ongoing. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2017, Iconix sold Badgley Mischka and The Sharper Image. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) On May 10, 2017, DHX Media (/wiki/DHX_Media) announced that it had acquired the Iconix entertainment division for $345 million. The sale was closed on June 30, 2017, giving DHX rights to the Strawberry Shortcake (/wiki/Strawberry_Shortcake) franchise, and more prominently, the 80% majority stake of Peanuts (/wiki/Peanuts) Worldwide. [20] (#cite_note-variety-dhxiconix-20) On October 15, 2018, Iconix announced the hiring of Robert Galvin as CEO. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) On July 14, 2020, Iconix announced that the company is up for sale. [23] (#cite_note-23) The next year, the company went private, with private equity (/wiki/Private_equity) investor Lancer Capital, LLC purchasing all outstanding shares (/wiki/Shares_outstanding) and delisting it from Nasdaq (/wiki/Nasdaq) . [24] (#cite_note-24) Federal investigations [ edit ] After investigations in 2003, Neil Cole and Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) reached an agreement to settle charges of fraudulent accounting practices brought against it by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Neil Cole agreed to pay $75,000 to settle charges without admitting or denying wrongdoing. [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2019, Cole was again charged with 10 criminal counts, including conspiracy, securities fraud, making false filings with the SEC and conspiracy to destroy records. [26] (#cite_note-26) Iconix agreed to pay a civil penalty of $5.5 million to settle the SEC's claims. Brands [ edit ] Through its history, Iconix has owned a large portfolio of brands, which include: [27] (#cite_note-27) Current [ edit ] Artful Dodger Bongo Buffalo David Bitton Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) Cannon Mills (/wiki/Cannon_Mills) Charisma Danskin Ed Hardy (/wiki/Don_Ed_Hardy) Eckō Unltd. and Marc Eckō Cut & Sew (/wiki/Ecko_Unltd.) Fieldcrest Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) London Fog (/wiki/London_Fog_(company)) Material Girl (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) Modern Amusement Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) Mudd (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) /OP Pony (/wiki/Pony_International) Rampage Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) Royal Velvet Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Waverly Zoo York (/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)) Former brands [ edit ] Pillowtex (/wiki/Pillowtex_Corporation) Truth or Dare (/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna) Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) (2004–17) Peanuts Worldwide (/wiki/Peanuts) (80%; 2010–17); sold in 2017 to DHX Media (now WildBrain) (/wiki/WildBrain) The Sharper Image (/wiki/The_Sharper_Image) (2011–17) Strawberry Shortcake (/wiki/Strawberry_Shortcake) acquired in 2015 from American Greetings (/wiki/American_Greetings) ; sold in 2017 to DHX Media (now WildBrain) See also [ edit ] Phillips Van Heusen (/wiki/PVH_(company)) Authentic Brands Group (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) References [ edit ] ^ a b Iconix Brand Group Inc. (https://web.archive.org/web/20121120093807/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=ICON) at Bloomberg Businessweek (/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek) ^ (#cite_ref-:0_2-0) "iconix brand group, inc. - Investor Relations - Press Release" (https://archive.today/20130811100657/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=62075&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1824133&highlight=) . Archived from the original (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=62075&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1824133&highlight=) on August 11, 2013 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) "Iconix Brand Group Closes Acquisition of Peanuts" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/iconix-brand-group-closes-acquisition-of-peanuts-95534994.html) (Press release) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Iconix Forms Peanuts Worldwide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120304050742/http://www.licensemag.com/licensemag/Entertainment/Iconix-Forms-Peanuts-Worldwide/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/672956) . License! . UBM. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.licensemag.com/licensemag/Entertainment/Iconix-Forms-Peanuts-Worldwide/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/672956) on March 4, 2012 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Iconix acquires The Sharper Image brand - Home Textiles Today" (http://www.hometextilestoday.com/article/544693-Iconix_acquires_The_Sharper_Image_brand.php) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Iconix Brand Buys Nike’s Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million" at Bloomberg.com (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million-1-.html) , October 24, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Iconix Brand Group Completes Acquisition of Umbro from Nike for $225 Million", Fashion Invest website (http://www.fashinvest.com/iconix-brand-group-completes-acquisition-umbro-nike-225-million/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130129115241/http://www.fashinvest.com/iconix-brand-group-completes-acquisition-umbro-nike-225-million/) January 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , December 4, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sun European Partners sells Lee Cooper for $72m" (http://www.altassets.net/private-equity-news/by-news-type/deal-news/sun-european-partners-sells-lee-cooper-for-72m.html) . AltAssets Private Equity News . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Deals of the Day 04/02/13" (http://uk.reuters.com/article/deals-day-idUKL4N0B43WI20130204) . Reuters UK. February 4, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Atkinson, Claire (February 3, 2015). "Strawberry Shortcake is new 'it' girl for Iconix" (https://nypost.com/2015/02/03/strawberry-shortcake-is-new-it-girl-for-iconix/) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Abel, Katie (February 3, 2015). "Iconix Acquires North American Rights for Pony" (http://footwearnews.com/2015/business/mergers-acquisitions/iconix-acquires-north-american-rights-pony-11079/) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Young, Vicky M.; Borcharot, Debra (January 6, 2016). "Iconix What Went Wrong?" (http://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/problems-at-iconix-sec-investigation-neil-cole-10304943/) . WWD: Women's Wear Daily . 211 (1): 60–64. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0149-5380 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0149-5380) . Retrieved August 10, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) McCoy, Kevin. "Iconix confirms SEC investigation, shares plunge" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/12/28/iconix-confirms-sec-investigation-shares-plunge/77968084/) . USA TODAY . Retrieved September 27, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "SEC Charges Iconix Brand Group and Former Top Executives With Accounting Fraud" (https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2019-251/) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Former Iconix Brand CEO charged with accounting fraud in U.S." (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iconix-brand-grp-fraud/iconix-brand-former-ceo-charged-with-accounting-fraud-idUSKBN1Y92DK) Reuters . December 5, 2019 . Retrieved December 6, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Former Chief Executive Officer Of Publicly Traded Brand Management Company Charged With Accounting Fraud And Obstruction Of Justice" (https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/former-chief-executive-officer-publicly-traded-brand-management-company-charged) . justice.gov . December 5, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Former Iconix CEO Neil Cole Charged With Accounting Fraud" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/business/legal-news/iconix-ceo-neil-cole-arrested-accounting-fraud-1202884434/) . footwearnews.com . December 5, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Badgley Mischka And Titan Industries Buy Trademark Rights From Iconix (http://footwearnews.com/2016/business/mergers-acquisitions/badgley-mischka-titan-industries-buy-trademark-rights-iconix-198799/) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Iconix Brand Sells Off the Sharper Image (https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/01/11/iconix-brand-axes-the-sharper-image.aspx) ^ (#cite_ref-variety-dhxiconix_20-0) "DHX Media Acquires 'Peanuts' in $345 Million Purchase of Iconix" (https://variety.com/2017/tv/global/dhx-media-acquires-peanuts-in-345-million-purchase-of-iconix-1202422001/) . Variety . May 10, 2017 . Retrieved May 10, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Iconix Brand Group, Inc. Announces Hiring Of Robert Galvin As CEO" (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=62075&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2371651) . Iconix . Retrieved October 16, 2018 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Industry Moves: October 2018" (https://footwearnews.com/2018/business/executive-moves/fashion-shoes-executives-hired-fired-october-2018-1202690848/) . Footwear News . October 31, 2018 . Retrieved December 6, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Iconix Brand Group Is Open to Selling Itself as It Looks to Tidy Balance Sheet" (https://footwearnews.com/2020/business/mergers-acquisitions/iconix-brand-group-up-for-sale-1203023156/) . footwearnews.com . July 14, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Iconix Enters into Definitive Agreement to be Acquired in "Go Private" Transaction" (https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/06/11/2245934/0/en/Iconix-Enters-into-Definitive-Agreement-to-be-Acquired-in-Go-Private-Transaction.html) (Press release). GlobeNewswire (/wiki/GlobeNewswire) . June 11, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Candie's Settles SEC Case" (https://nypost.com/2003/05/01/candies-settles-sec-case/) . The NY Post . May 2003 . Retrieved July 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Iconix Brands Ex-CEO Neil Cole Charged by U.S. in Accounting Fraud" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-05/iconix-brands-ex-ceo-cole-charged-by-u-s-in-accounting-fraud) . Bloomberg . December 5, 2019 . Retrieved July 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Brands archive (https://www.iconixbrand.com/brands/) on IBG, August 17, 2020 External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.iconixbrand.com/) v t e Iconix Brand Group Brands Current Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) Cannon (/wiki/Cannon_Mills) Ed Hardy (/wiki/Don_Ed_Hardy) Ecko Unltd. (/wiki/Ecko_Unltd.) Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) London Fog (/wiki/London_Fog_(company)) Material Girl (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) Mudd (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) Pony (/wiki/Pony_International) Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Zoo York (/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)) Former Peanuts (/wiki/Peanuts) Pillowtex (/wiki/Pillowtex_Corporation) Strawberry Shortcake (/wiki/Strawberry_Shortcake) Truth or Dare (/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐56zw5 Cached time: 20240712162744 Cache expiry: 1668737 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.629 seconds Real time usage: 0.837 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2918/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67217/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4555/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 90505/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.395/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7152846/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 766.135 1 -total 41.71% 319.571 1 Template:Reflist 24.53% 187.968 12 Template:Cite_web 19.93% 152.688 1 Template:Infobox_company 18.42% 141.115 1 Template:Infobox 16.36% 125.302 1 Template:Iconix_Brand_Group 16.33% 125.141 2 Template:Navbox 11.46% 87.823 1 Template:Short_description 5.84% 44.769 2 Template:Pagetype 4.42% 33.899 6 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6446340-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712162744 and revision id 1218186056. 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(Redirected from Saks-34th Street (/w/index.php?title=Saks-34th_Street&redirect=no) ) Multinational department store chain founded in the United States This article is about the department store chain. For the related chain of off-price stores, see Saks Off 5th (/wiki/Saks_Off_5th) . For its former parent company, see Saks, Inc. (/wiki/Saks,_Inc.) Saks Fifth Avenue Flagship store (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store) in Midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) (2019) Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1867 (157 years ago) ( 1867 ) Founder Andrew Saks (/wiki/Andrew_Saks) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , United States Number of locations 42 Areas served United States (/wiki/United_States) Canada (/wiki/Canada) Bahrain (/wiki/Bahrain) Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) Key people Marc Metrick (president, 2015) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Saks, Inc. (/wiki/Saks,_Inc.) (1998–2013) Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) (2013–present) Website saksfifthavenue (http://saksfifthavenue.com) .com (http://saksfifthavenue.com) Footnotes / references [1] (#cite_note-president-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-intl-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Saks Fifth Avenue (originally Saks & Company ; colloquially (/wiki/Colloquialism) Saks ) is an American luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) department store (/wiki/Department_store) chain headquartered in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and founded by Andrew Saks (/wiki/Andrew_Saks) . The original store opened in the F Street shopping district (/wiki/F_Street_and_7th_Street_shopping_districts) of Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) in 1867. Saks expanded into Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) with its Herald Square (/wiki/Herald_Square) store in 1902 and flagship store (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store) on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) in 1924. The chain was acquired by Tennessee-based Proffitt's, Inc. (renamed Saks, Inc. (/wiki/Saks,_Inc.) ) in 1998, and Saks, Inc. was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) (HBC) in 2013. [5] (#cite_note-locations-5) [6] (#cite_note-about-6) As of March 2021 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saks_Fifth_Avenue&action=edit) , Saks Fifth Avenue's brick-and-mortar stores and e-commerce platform operate as separate companies, distinguished as SFA and Saks, respectively, with an exclusive partnership. [7] (#cite_note-Moin-7) Saks Off 5th (/wiki/Saks_Off_5th) , originally a clearance store for Saks Fifth Avenue, is now a large off-price (/wiki/Off-price_retailer) retailer in its own right. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) History [ edit ] See also: Timeline of Saks Fifth Avenue branches (/wiki/Timeline_of_Saks_Fifth_Avenue_branches) Saks & Co. [ edit ] Saks & Co. Indianapolis, 1906 Andrew Saks (/wiki/Andrew_Saks) was born to a German Jewish (/wiki/German_Jewish) family, in Baltimore (/wiki/Baltimore) , Maryland (/wiki/Maryland) . He worked as a peddler and paper boy before moving to Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , where at the age of only 20, and in the still-chaotic and tough economic times of 1867, two years after the United States prevailed in the American Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) , he established a men's clothing store [10] (#cite_note-Gardner-10) with his brother Isadore. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) A. Saks & Co. occupied a storefront in the Avenue House Hotel building at 517 (300–308) 7th Street, N.W., in what is still Washington's downtown shopping district (/wiki/F_Street_shopping_district) . Saks offered his goods at one price only, no bargaining, and offered refunds on merchandise returns, neither of which were the more common practice at that place and time. [ citation needed ] Saks was also known for its "forceful and interesting, but strictly truthful" newspaper advertising, according to the Washington Evening Star (/wiki/Washington_Evening_Star) , including a two-page spread, large for that time, in that newspaper on April 4, 1898. Saks annexed the store next door, and in 1887 started building a large new store on the site of the old Avenue Hotel Building at 7th and Market Space (now United States Navy Memorial Plaza (/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial) ). [13] (#cite_note-estar-13) By 1896, Saks and Co. had stores in Norfolk and Richmond, Virginia; New York City; and Indianapolis, in addition to Washington, D.C., where, Saks called itself "Washington's Wonderful Store". [14] (#cite_note-14) Saks opened a very large store in 1902 in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) 's Herald Square (/wiki/Herald_Square) on 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) and Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)) . [13] (#cite_note-estar-13) [15] (#cite_note-NYCL-1523-15) : 2 Andrew Saks ran the New York store as a family affair with his brother Isadore, and his sons Horace and William. [ citation needed ] Andrew Saks died in 1912 and his son Horace took over the company's management. [15] (#cite_note-NYCL-1523-15) : 2 Saks and Co. and Kann's (/wiki/Kann%27s) , NW corner of 7th St. and Pennsylvania Av., Washington, D.C., 1920. Saks Fifth Avenue [ edit ] In 1923, Saks & Co. merged with Gimbel Brothers, Inc. (/wiki/Gimbels) , which was owned by a cousin of Horace Saks, [16] (#cite_note-biography-16) Bernard Gimbel (/wiki/Bernard_Gimbel) , operating as a separate autonomous subsidiary. On September 15, 1924, Horace Saks and Bernard Gimbel opened in the Saks Fifth Avenue Building (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store) at 611 Fifth Avenue, with a full-block avenue frontage south of St. Patrick's Cathedral (/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)) , facing what would become Rockefeller Center (/wiki/Rockefeller_Center) . [17] (#cite_note-nyht19240915-17) The architects were Starrett & van Vleck (/wiki/Starrett_%26_van_Vleck) , who developed a design derived from classical architecture (/wiki/Classical_architecture) . [15] (#cite_note-NYCL-1523-15) : 4–5 SFA Miami Beach on Lincoln Road, 1940 Resort and university stores [ edit ] When Bernard's cousin, Adam Gimbel, became president of Saks Fifth Avenue in 1926 after Horace Saks's sudden death, the company expanded, opening seasonal resort branches in Palm Beach (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) (1926), Atlantic City (/wiki/Atlantic_City) (1927), Lincoln Road (/wiki/Lincoln_Road) in Miami Beach (/wiki/Miami_Beach) (1929), Southampton (/wiki/Southampton,_New_York) on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) (1931), Newport, Rhode Island (/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island) (1935), Sun Valley, Idaho (/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Idaho) and Westbury, L.I. (/wiki/Westbury,_New_York) (1936), and Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) (1937). [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) In 1929, Saks opened its first full-line, year-round flagship store in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , in 1929, and only six years later moved to a larger location. [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) By the end of the 1930s, Saks Fifth Avenue had a total of 10 stores – the 2 large urban flagships in New York and Chicago, and 8 resort stores. During World War Two, Saks opened Navy and Army shops in New Haven, Connecticut (/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut) and Princeton, New Jersey (/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey) , and after the war turned the small branches into University Shops, catering to the Ivy League communities there. More University Shops would open, one near Harvard (/wiki/Harvard_University) in Cambridge, Mass. (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) , another in Ann Arbor, Michigan (/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan) (1960). [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) New urban flagships [ edit ] SFA Beverly Hills (/wiki/9600_Wilshire_Boulevard) Saks had already opened two urban flagship stores before the U.S. joined the war: its now-legendary store (/wiki/9600_Wilshire_Boulevard) in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , and in Detroit (/wiki/Detroit) (1940). After the war, three more downtown stores opened, albeit smaller in scale: Pittsburgh (/wiki/Pittsburgh) (1949), Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) (1952) and San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) (1952) [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) where Saks competed head-on with local luxury champion I. Magnin (/wiki/I._Magnin) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Suburban malls [ edit ] During the 1950s, the shift from downtown shopping to suburban shopping malls gained momentum. Saks Fifth Avenue's first anchor department store in a mall in 1954, at Sunrise Center, now The Galleria at Fort Lauderdale (/wiki/The_Galleria_at_Fort_Lauderdale) . A few of the new suburban stores were freestanding in suburbs that had a significant downtown shopping district, such as in White Plains, New York (/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York) (1954) and both Garden City, Long Island (/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York) and Surfside (/wiki/Surfside,_Florida) , near Miami in 1962. A few were in malls built in downtowns, such as New Orleans, Boston, and Minneapolis. But most new SFA stores, dozens, opened in malls over the decades through the 1990s. [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) 1990s [ edit ] 1992 view of Saks Pavilion (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_Center_of_Fashion) , Houston, where SFA operated 1974–1997. Sunbelt expansion [ edit ] More expansion followed through in the 1990s particularly into Texas, Florida and California. California -based I. Magnin (/wiki/I._Magnin) closed in 1995, allowing Saks to acquire some of their locations and open in San Diego's Fashion Valley (/wiki/Fashion_Valley) and expand in Carmel (/wiki/Carmel,_California) . As in the 1950s, the company opened a wave of smaller "Main Street" stores in suburbs with downtown shopping, such as Pasadena (/wiki/Pasadena,_California) , Santa Barbara (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) , and San Diego's La Jolla (/wiki/La_Jolla,_San_Diego) in California, and in Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) , and Charleston, South Carolina (/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina) . [18] (#cite_note-timeline-18) Sports-themed displays at SFA Houston (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_Center_of_Fashion) , 1987 In Texas , Saks acquired 3 Texas locations where Marshall Fields (/wiki/Marshall_Fields) was exiting. In 1997 SFA moved its main Houston store from the Saks Pavilion (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_Center_of_Fashion) to The Galleria (/wiki/The_Galleria) and added a new location at Town & Country. In the Dallas Galleria (/wiki/Dallas_Galleria) , Saks moved within the mall to a larger location. In addition to the former Field's locations, SFA Austin opened in 1997 and Fort Worth in 2000. [20] (#cite_note-texas-20) In Florida in the 1990s, 7 Saks Fifth Avenue stores opened, for a total of 11 stores by the end of the decade, adding Palm Beach Gardens, [21] (#cite_note-ftlauderdale-closing-21) Naples, [22] (#cite_note-22) Fort Myers, [23] (#cite_note-fortmyers-opening-23) Orlando, [24] (#cite_note-orlando-opening-24) Sarasota, [25] (#cite_note-sarasota1-25) Tampa [26] (#cite_note-tampa-opening-26) and doubled the size of its Boca Raton store. [27] (#cite_note-boca-double-27) Commercial changes [ edit ] Also in 1990, the company launched " Saks Off 5th (/wiki/Saks_Off_5th) ", an outlet store (/wiki/Outlet_store) offshoot of the main brand, with 107 stores worldwide by 2016. [28] (#cite_note-28) In 1998, Proffitt's, Inc. the parent company of Proffitt's (/wiki/Proffitt%27s) and other department stores, acquired Saks Holdings Inc. Upon completing the acquisition, Proffitt's, Inc. changed its name to Saks, Inc. (/wiki/Saks,_Inc.) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) 2000s [ edit ] Middle East expansion [ edit ] In November 2001 the first Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) SFA opened at Kingdom Centre (/wiki/Kingdom_Centre) in Riyadh (/wiki/Riyadh) , Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) . [31] (#cite_note-:2-31) [32] (#cite_note-:3-32) In 2005 , Saks opened a 80,000 square foot store at the BurJuman Centre (/wiki/BurJuman) in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) which closed in 2016; the store was Saks last store in the UAE (/wiki/UAE) after failed attempts at expansion. [33] (#cite_note-33) In 2008 , Saks opened its third Middle East store at City Centre Bahrain (/wiki/City_Centre_Bahrain) in Manama (/wiki/Manama) , Bahrain (/wiki/Bahrain) . The store has two floors and is 57,000 square feet (5,300 m 2 ) in size. After closing Riyadh and its 2 Dubai stores, it remains Saks' sole store in the Middle East. [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Eight US SFA stores close [ edit ] In 2004 , Saks was enjoying an annual sales growth rate of 7.7% on a same-store basis, but was underperforming Neiman Marcus (+17%) and Nordstrom (+10%). In Southern California, analysts said that SFA was "struggling to maintain its cachet" against the two competitors and Bloomingdales. On October 1, Saks announced the closing of 8 underperforming, mostly smaller SFA stores: Pasadena, Palos Verdes, Mission Viejo, La Jolla and Carmel in California, Garden City NY, Hilton Head SC, and Downtown Minneapolis. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Mexico expansion [ edit ] SFA Polanco (/wiki/Polanco,_Mexico_City) (opened 2010, closed 2020) at Plaza Carso (/wiki/Plaza_Carso) Mexico City 2015 In November 2007 , Grupo Sanborns (/wiki/Grupo_Sanborns) , part of billionaire Carlos Slim (/wiki/Carlos_Slim) 's corporate empire, secured a franchise and opened the first SFA store in Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) , on the affluent far west side of Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) at Centro Santa Fe (/wiki/Centro_Santa_Fe) , that country's largest mall. Another store opened in the affluent urban neighborhood of Polanco (/wiki/Polanco,_Mexico_City) at Plaza Carso (/wiki/Plaza_Carso) in 2010, but it closed in October 2020. [38] (#cite_note-slim-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-:4-42) Commercial strategies [ edit ] In August 2007 , the United States Postal Service (/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service) began an experimental program selling the plus ZIP code (/wiki/ZIP_code) extension to businesses. The first company to do so was Saks Fifth Avenue, which received the ZIP code of 10022-7463 ("SHOE", on a U.S. touch-tone keypad) for the eighth-floor shoe department in its flagship Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) store. [43] (#cite_note-zip-43) During the 2007–2009 recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) , Saks had to cut prices and profit margins, thus according to Reuters "training shoppers to expect discounts. It took three years before it could start selling at closer to full price". [44] (#cite_note-wahba-ho-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-moore-46) [47] (#cite_note-gough-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-dallas-49) 2010s [ edit ] In 2012 , Saks licensed its first store in Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) , in Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) , Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) , at the then-new Esentai Mall (/wiki/Esentai_Mall) , together with boutiques of international luxury brands. SFA Almaty is 3 floors tall and 91,000 square feet (8,500 m 2 ) in size. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) In 2012 , the Riyadh franchise store, owned by Prince Al Waleed bin Talal Al Saud (/wiki/Al_Waleed_bin_Talal_Al_Saud) , closed after the licensing agreement expired. [31] (#cite_note-:2-31) [32] (#cite_note-:3-32) As of 2013 , the New York flagship store, whose real estate value was estimated between $800 million and over $1 billion at the time, generated around 20% of Saks' annual sales at $620 million, with other stores being less profitable according to analysts. [44] (#cite_note-wahba-ho-44) [53] (#cite_note-53) On July 29, 2013 , Canada (/wiki/Canada) -based Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) (HBC), the oldest commercial corporation in North America and owner of the competing chain Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) , announced it would acquire Saks Fifth Avenue's parent company for US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 2.9 billion. [54] (#cite_note-torstar-hbcsaks-54) SFA Brickell (/wiki/Brickell_City_Center) , Miami, opened 2016 Canada expansion plans were drafted, calling for up to seven SFA stores across the country, of which three eventually opened. In February 2016, it opened a 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m 2 ) Saks Fifth Avenue in downtown Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , in a section carved out of the building housing the flagship (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Queen_Street) of its namesake department store, Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) , connected by sky bridge (/wiki/Sky_bridge) to the largest downtown mall, Eaton Centre (/wiki/Toronto_Eaton_Centre) . [55] (#cite_note-55) A second Greater Toronto (/wiki/Greater_Toronto) location opened at Sherway Gardens (/wiki/Sherway_Gardens) shortly thereafter. [56] (#cite_note-strauss-56) And in February 2018, its third Canadian store opened nearly 2700 km west of Toronto, in Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) at Chinook Centre (/wiki/Chinook_Centre) . [57] (#cite_note-57) In 2015 Saks began a $250 million, three-year restoration of its Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) flagship store. [58] (#cite_note-58) In October 2015, Saks announced a new location in Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) . [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-60) In autumn 2015, Saks announced it would replace its existing store at the Houston Galleria (/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)) with a new store. [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-lmopen-63) [64] (#cite_note-lmclose-64) 2020s [ edit ] 2021 [ edit ] On January 15, 2021, Saks Fifth Avenue unveiled a 54,000-square-foot (5,000 m 2 ) space on the fifth floor of its New York flagship, branded Barneys (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) at Saks . The collaboration is aimed at continuing Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) tradition of unearthing and promoting emerging designers. [65] (#cite_note-65) On January 25, SFA launched the first standalone Barneys at Saks store in a 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m 2 ) location in Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) . This marked the first time Saks had offered men's clothing and furnishings in that market. [66] (#cite_note-66) In March, HBC (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) and growth capital investor, Insight Partners (/wiki/Insight_Partners) , established Saks Fifth Avenue's ecommerce business as a stand-alone entity, known as "Saks." Insight Partners made a $500 million minority equity investment in Saks. The retailer's 39-store fleet operates separately as an entity referred to as "SFA," which remains wholly owned by HBC. At the time of the separation, HBC named Marc Metrick, CEO of Saks, the ecommerce business. Metrick was previously president of Saks Fifth Avenue since 2015. [7] (#cite_note-Moin-7) [67] (#cite_note-67) In April, Saks announced that it would close all 27 of its fur salons, among which New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Beverly Hills, by the end of January 2022. The company also said that by January 2023, it would stop sales of products made from fur of wild animals or from animals raised for their fur. [68] (#cite_note-68) In August, the company announced a collaboration with WeWork (/wiki/WeWork) to convert some SFA spaces to co-working locations. [69] (#cite_note-69) 2022 [ edit ] In June 2022, Saks announced that it would convert the original 1938 store building in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , 9600 Wilshire (/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard) , into offices and apartments. SFA Beverly Hills continues to operate from the former I. Magnin (/wiki/I._Magnin) and Barneys (/wiki/Barneys) buildings, which had previously been incorporated into the store complex. [70] (#cite_note-70) In August of the same year, Grupo Sanborns (/wiki/Grupo_Sanborns) announced that in 2023, it would close its SFA franchise store at Centro Santa Fe (/wiki/Centro_Santa_Fe) in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , the only store still operating in Mexico after the closure of the Polanco store two years earlier. [71] (#cite_note-71) A branch of Sears Mexico (/wiki/Sears_(Mexico)) , also part of Grupo Sanborns, was to replace it, and staff were to be retained. [72] (#cite_note-72) [42] (#cite_note-:4-42) 2024 [ edit ] In July 2024 Saks announced that it planned to acquire rival retailer Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) in a reported $2.65 billion merger. [73] (#cite_note-73) Legal controversies [ edit ] In 2005, vendors filed against Saks alleging unlawful chargebacks (/wiki/Chargeback) . The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) (SEC) investigated the complaint for years and, according to the New York Times , "exposed a tangle of illicit tactics that let Saks... keep money it owed to clothing makers", inflating Saks' yearly earnings up to 43% and abusively collecting around $30 million from suppliers over seven years. [74] (#cite_note-:0-74) Saks settled with the SEC in 2007, after firing three or more executives involved in the fraudulent activities. [74] (#cite_note-:0-74) [75] (#cite_note-lpb-75) In 2014, Saks fired transgender (/wiki/Transgender) employee Leyth Jamal after she was allegedly "belittled by coworkers, forced to use the men's room and repeatedly referred to by male pronouns (he and him)". [76] (#cite_note-time-76) [77] (#cite_note-vice-77) After Jamal submitted a lawsuit for unfair dismissal, the company stated in a motion to dismiss (/wiki/Motion_to_dismiss) that "it is well settled that transsexuals are not protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (/wiki/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964) ." [76] (#cite_note-time-76) [77] (#cite_note-vice-77) [78] (#cite_note-metro-78) In a court filing, the United States Department of Justice (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice) rebuked Saks' argument, stating that "discrimination against an individual based on gender identity is discrimination because of sex." [79] (#cite_note-:1-79) The Human Rights Campaign (/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign) removed the company from its list of " allies (/wiki/Straight_ally) " during the controversy. [76] (#cite_note-time-76) [77] (#cite_note-vice-77) [78] (#cite_note-metro-78) The lawsuit was later settled amicably, with undisclosed terms. [79] (#cite_note-:1-79) In 2017, following the events of Hurricane Maria (/wiki/Hurricane_Maria) in Puerto Rico, Saks's San Juan store in Mall of San Juan (/wiki/Mall_of_San_Juan) suffered major damages along with its neighboring anchor store Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) . Taubman Centers (/wiki/Taubman_Centers) , the company which owns the mall, filed a lawsuit against Saks for failing to provide an estimated reopening date and failing to restore damages after the hurricane due to a binding contract. [80] (#cite_note-:6-80) [81] (#cite_note-:7-81) Although Nordstrom reopened on November 9, 2018, [82] (#cite_note-82) Saks Fifth Avenue vacated The Mall of San Juan after two years of ligitation. [83] (#cite_note-83) Notable locations [ edit ] Saks–34th Street [ edit ] The Herald Square Saks & Co. store in 1903, behind the 33rd Street station (/wiki/33rd_Street_station_(IRT_Sixth_Avenue_Line)) The footbridge that connected Gimbel's (/wiki/Gimbel%27s) to Saks 34th St. Saks-34th Street was a fashion-focused middle market department store at 1293-1311 Broadway on Herald Square. The building, built in 1902, had seven stories and was designed by Buchman & Fox. [84] (#cite_note-nyt-84) The store was spun off from Saks & Company when that upscale retailer moved to Fifth Avenue, a location that Saks Fifth Avenue maintains to this day. [85] (#cite_note-85) The newly renamed Saks-34th Street was sold to Bernard F. Gimbel, [84] (#cite_note-nyt-84) and became a part of the New York division of Gimbels (/wiki/Gimbels) (later Manhattan Mall (/wiki/Manhattan_Mall) ), and a sky bridge across 33rd Street connected the second floors of both flagship buildings. [86] (#cite_note-86) In the 1947 movie Miracle on 34th Street (/wiki/Miracle_on_34th_Street) the facade of Saks-34th Street is shown in a scene that focuses on the Gimbel's flagship store. Branch locations were opened around the greater New York area. The store closed in 1965, citing poor layouts, no escalators, a confused identity, and outdated facade. [84] (#cite_note-nyt-84) After Gimbels decided to close the division, the first floor of the building was used as a Christmas season annex for Gimbel's before being sold to the E. J. Korvettes (/wiki/E._J._Korvette) chain. [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) After the demise of the Korvette's chain the building was remodeled into the Herald Center, in 1985. As of 2016 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saks_Fifth_Avenue&action=edit) the primary tenant is H&M, following another remodel. [89] (#cite_note-89) Beverly Hills [ edit ] Main articles: 9600 Wilshire Boulevard (/wiki/9600_Wilshire_Boulevard) and 9570 Wilshire Boulevard (/wiki/9570_Wilshire_Boulevard) The original Saks Fifth Avenue store in Beverly Hills, California, at 9600 Wilshire Boulevard (/wiki/9600_Wilshire_Boulevard) , was designed by the architectural firm Parkinson and Parkinson (/wiki/John_and_Donald_Parkinson) , with interiors by Paul R. Williams (/wiki/Paul_Williams_(architect)) . [90] (#cite_note-LAC-90) [91] (#cite_note-PCAD-91) The store opened in 1938. [92] (#cite_note-TimeOut-92) The store was immediately successful upon opening and it would subsequently expand to almost 74,000 square feet (6,900 m 2 ) and employ 500 people. [93] (#cite_note-PWP-93) Williams created an interior reminiscent of his designs for luxurious private residences, with rooms lit by indirect lamps and footlights focused on the clothes. [90] (#cite_note-LAC-90) New departments for furs, corsets, gifts and debutante dresses were added in the 1940 expansion. [93] (#cite_note-PWP-93) The store relocated to the adjacent 9570 Wilshire Boulevard (/wiki/9570_Wilshire_Boulevard) in 2024, and the original location will be converted into a mixed-use development (/wiki/Mixed-use_development) by Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) . [94] (#cite_note-TimeOut2-94) Gallery [ edit ] Saks Fifth Avenue in Santa Fe Mall in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) . Saks at the North Star Mall (/wiki/North_Star_Mall) in San Antonio, Texas Saks Fifth Avenue at Phipps Plaza (/wiki/Phipps_Plaza) in Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-president_1-0) President of Saks Steps Down (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/business/president-of-saks-steps-down.html?src=busln) . The New York Times . Retrieved on April 3, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Patino, Alexander (October 16, 2014). "Saks Fifth Avenue Opens Its 40th Store in Sarasota, FL" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117181321/http://sakspov.saksfifthavenue.com/events-2/saks-fifth-avenue-sarasota-grand-opening/) . Saks POV . Archived from the original (http://sakspov.saksfifthavenue.com/events-2/saks-fifth-avenue-sarasota-grand-opening) on November 17, 2015 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-intl_3-0) "International Store Locations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150905220716/http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/stores/international.jsp) . Archived from the original (http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/stores/international.jsp) on September 5, 2015 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kapner, Suzanne (October 25, 2015). "Lord & Taylor Jumps Into Discount Game" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/lord-taylor-jumps-into-discount-game-1445812325) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-locations_5-0) "Store Locations and Events" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140521221656/http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/stores/stores.jsp?bmUID=kov1lUl) . Saks Inc. (/wiki/Saks_Inc.) Archived from the original (http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/stores/stores.jsp?bmUID=kov1lUl) on May 21, 2014 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-about_6-0) "About Us" (http://www.saksfifthavenue.com/About-Us) . Saks Fifth Avenue . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ a b Moin, David (March 5, 2021). "Saks Fifth Avenue Stores and Website Split into Separate Companies" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-hudsons-bay-richard-baker-1234767122/) . www.wwd.com . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Howland, Daphne (February 11, 2020). "Nordstrom Rack vet to lead Saks Off 5th" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/nordstrom-rack-vet-to-lead-saks-off-5th/572084/) . Retail Dive. Saks opened Off 5th in 1990 as a merchandise clearinghouse, but has also expanded since then…HBC's three distinct retail businesses, ^ (#cite_ref-9) Wilson, Marianne (February 22, 2019). "Up to 20 Saks Off 5th stores to close" (https://chainstoreage.com/store-spaces/up-to-20-saks-off-5th-stores-to-close) . Chain Store Age. ^ (#cite_ref-Gardner_10-0) Gardner, Mark L. "What's in a Name?—A Brief History of Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140212133833/http://cyrus.piedmont.edu/users/mgardner/Saks_Paper_6-22-05.html) . Archived from the original (http://cyrus.piedmont.edu/users/mgardner/Saks_Paper_6-22-05.html) on February 12, 2014 . Retrieved January 27, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Mauranna G. Lynn Is Engaged To Christopher Andrew Saks" (https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/15/archives/mauranna-g-lynn-is-engaged-to-christopher-andrew-saks.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . February 15, 1976. ^ (#cite_ref-12) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20200323155626/http://www.hbcheritage.ca/history/acquisitions/saks-fifth-avenue-historical-timeline) " Saks Fifth Avenue historical timeline", Hudson's Bay Company website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200323155626/http://www.hbcheritage.ca/history/acquisitions/saks-fifth-avenue-historical-timeline) . Archived from the original (http://www.hbcheritage.ca/history/acquisitions/saks-fifth-avenue-historical-timeline) on March 23, 2020 . Retrieved August 21, 2020 . ^ a b "Now Forty Years Old: Saks Firm to Celebrate Anniversary This Week: History in the Making: House Has Kept Pace with Washington's Growth: From Johnson's Time to Now: Souvenir Booklet Distribution the Feature of Quiet and Dignified Birthday Celebrations" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57789718/now-forty-years-old-saks-firm-to/) . Washington Evening Star. September 30, 1907. p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Ad for Saks & Company" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57757965/saks-6-stores-1897/) . Washington Times . March 28, 1897. p. 6. ^ a b c "Saks Fifth Avenue" (http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1523.pdf) (PDF) . New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission) . December 20, 1984 . Retrieved December 6, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-biography_16-0) Block, Maxine; Rothe, Anna Herthe; Candee, Marjorie Dent (1951). Current Biography Yearbook . H. W. Wilson Co. p. 173. ^ (#cite_ref-nyht19240915_17-0) "Saks & Company Open New Store To Public To-day" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/1113137105) . New York Herald Tribune . September 15, 1924. p. 16. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 1113137105 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/1113137105) . Retrieved February 19, 2021 – via ProQuest. ^ a b c d e f See citations at Timeline of Saks Fifth Avenue branches (/wiki/Timeline_of_Saks_Fifth_Avenue_branches) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Zinko, Carolyne (December 4, 2003). "Eileen Denari Ludwig -- S.F. civic leader" (http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Eileen-Denari-Ludwig-S-F-civic-leader-2547015.php) . San Francisco Chronicle (/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle) . Retrieved July 31, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-texas_20-0) "Saks Appeal (box "Saks in Texas")" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-saks-in-texas/134359929/) . Fort Worth Star-Telegram. September 15, 1999 . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ftlauderdale-closing_21-0) Giovis, Jaclyn (May 13, 2008). "Saks Quits Galleria" (https://newspapers.com/article/south-florida-sun-sentinel-saks-quits-ga/134429482/) . South Florida Sun Sentinel . p. 41 . Retrieved November 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Bartley, Jaynie (September 1, 2022). "THIRTY AND THRIVING Naples' go-to shopping center celebrates 30 years, with new legacy retailers and renovated storefronts" (https://www.gulfshorelife.com/2022/09/01/thirty-and-thriving/) . Gulfshore Life . Retrieved October 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-fortmyers-opening_23-0) Mitchell, Annie (November 7, 1996). "Store adapts to need" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-press-store-adapts-to-need/134426299/) . News-Press (Fort Myers, Florida) . p. 10 . Retrieved November 1, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-orlando-opening_24-0) "Rivals say Saks will be good for business" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-rivals-say-saks-wil/134427225/) . The Orlando Sentinel . November 18, 1996. p. 6 . Retrieved November 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-sarasota1_25-0) Albright, Mark (November 15, 1996). "Saks opening in Sarasota" (https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/11/15/saks-opening-in-sarasota/) . Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved October 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-tampa-opening_26-0) Albright, Mark (November 11, 1998). "Saks will dress up upscale in bay area" (https://newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/134428342/) . Tampa Bay Times . p. 45 . Retrieved November 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-boca-double_27-0) Moin, David (October 19, 1999). "Saks Doubles Space at New Boca Raton Locatiin" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1087718/) . WWD . Retrieved November 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Sherman, Lauren (September 19, 2016). "With Gilt, Hudson's Bay Company Bets Big on Off-Price" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/hudsons-bay-company-off-price-retail-gilt-saks-off-fifth) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved February 19, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Berner, Robert; Ono, Yumiko (July 6, 1998). "Proffitt's to Acquire Saks Holdings In $2.14 Billion Stock Transaction" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB899673148295733500) . The Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved October 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "History of Saks Inc" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/saks-inc-history/) . Funding Universe . Retrieved October 24, 2019 . ^ a b "Saks Fifth Avenue to Exit Saudi Arabia" (https://vmsd.com/saks-fifth-avenue-exit-saudi-arabia/) . Visual Merchandising and Store Design (/wiki/Visual_Merchandising_and_Store_Design) . October 24, 2012 . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ a b "Saks Fifth Avenue to Leave Riyadh" (https://en.vogue.me/archive/legacy/saks-fifth-avenue-to-leave-riyadh/) . Vogue Arabia . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Anand, Shitika (April 11, 2016). "Saks Fifth Avenue in Dubai to close" (https://www.timeoutdubai.com/shopping/shopping-news/70553-saks-fifth-avenue-in-dubai-to-close) . Time Out . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082142/https://www.timeoutdubai.com/shopping/shopping-news/70553-saks-fifth-avenue-in-dubai-to-close) from the original on October 30, 2022 . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Saks opens store in Bahrain" (https://chainstoreage.com/news/saks-opens-store-bahrain) . Chain Store Age. November 9, 2008 . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Saks Fifth Avenue Mobile" (https://www.saksfifthavenue.com/locations/s/bahrain?exclude=7447&latitude=26.2347502&longitude=50.5523452&page=1&storesPerPage=3) . www.saksfifthavenue.com . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Earnest, Leslie (October 2, 2004). "Saks to Shutter 11 Stores, Including 5 in California" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-02-fi-saks2-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Saks to close stores in S.C., other states" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-saks-to-close-stores-in-sc/134355551/) . Columbia, S.C.: The State. October 2, 2004. p. 69 . Retrieved October 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-slim_38-0) "Formatos de Negocios ("Business Formats")" (http://www.gsanborns.com.mx/saks.html) . Grupo Sanborns (in Spanish) . Retrieved October 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Saks Fifth Avenue debuts in Mexico" (https://chainstoreage.com/news/saks-fifth-avenue-debuts-mexico) . Chain Store Age . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Saks Fifth Avenue Mobile" (https://www.saksfifthavenue.com/locations/s/santafe?exclude=7449&latitude=19.3612873&longitude=-99.2754917&page=1&storesPerPage=3) . www.saksfifthavenue.com . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Saks Expands Presence in Mexico City" (https://vmsd.com/saks-expands-presence-mexico-city/) . Visual Merchandising and Store Design . October 21, 2010 . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ a b MX, FashionNetwork com. "Saks Fifth Avenue cerrará sus puertas en México el próximo octubre" (https://mx.fashionnetwork.com/news/Saks-fifth-avenue-cerrara-sus-puertas-en-mexico-el-proximo-octubre,1431216.html) . FashionNetwork.com (in Mexican Spanish) . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-zip_43-0) "Saks department gets own ZIP code: 10022-SHOE" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2007-05-24-saks-zip-code_N.htm) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . May 24, 2007 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ a b Wahba, Phil; Ho, Solarina (July 29, 2013). "Hudson's Bay CEO bets big on department stores with Saks buy" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hudsonsbay-saks-idUSBRE96S0DV20130729) . Reuters . Retrieved July 31, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Nguyen, Hang (October 13, 2010). "Saks to soon close O.C. department store" (http://www.ocregister.com/articles/saks-270968-store-affluent.html) . The Orange County Register (/wiki/The_Orange_County_Register) . Retrieved July 31, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-moore_46-0) Moore, Paula (January 5, 2011). "Saks Fifth Avenue's Denver store to close" (http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2011/01/05/saks.html?page=all) . Denver Business Journal (/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals) . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-gough_47-0) Gough, Paul J. (January 19, 2012). "Saks Fifth Avenue Downtown to close March 17" (http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2012/01/19/saks-fifth-avenue-to-close-march-17.html) . Pittsburgh Business Times (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Business_Times) . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Shropshire, Corilyn (September 13, 2012). "Saks to close after the holidays" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-09-13/news/ct-tl-highland-park-saks-20120913_1_saks-chairman-ceo-steve-sadove-saks-space) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . 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"Saks braces for battle in Canada's crowded luxury fashion market" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/saks-braces-for-battle-in-canadas-crowded-luxury-fashion-market/article28761659/) . The Globe and Mail . Toronto . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-strauss_56-0) Strauss, Marina (January 27, 2014). "Tycoon shows his real estate savvy with sale of Hudson's Bay store" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/hbc-to-sell-flagship-toronto-store-in-650-million-deal/article16516753/) . The Globe and Mail (/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail) . Retrieved May 27, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Strauss, Marina (May 11, 2018). "Saks Fifth Avenue set to land in Calgary this month" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/fashion/saks-lands-in-calgary-on-feb-22/article37991412/) . The Globe and Mail . ^ (#cite_ref-58) Tabuchi, Hiroko (/wiki/Hiroko_Tabuchi) (November 14, 2015). "Saks Is Shaking Off Retail Gloom With a Fifth Avenue Face-Lift" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/business/saks-is-shaking-off-retail-gloom-with-a-fifth-avenue-face-lift.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved January 31, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "Saks Fifth Avenue Signs Lease for a Location in Greenwich, Connecticut" (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005752/en/Saks-Avenue-Signs-Lease-Location-Greenwich-Connecticut) (Press release). Hudson's Bay Company. October 18, 2015 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 – via Business Wire. ^ (#cite_ref-60) Krasselt, Kaitlyn (October 5, 2015). "Saks signs lease for third Greenwich property" (http://www.greenwichtime.com/business/article/Saks-signs-lease-for-third-Greenwich-property-6551701.php,) . Greenwich Time (/wiki/Greenwich_Time_(newspaper)) . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "Saks Fifth Avenue To Relocate Its Flagship Store At The Houston Galleria" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/saks-fifth-avenue-to-relocate-its-flagship-store-at-the-houston-galleria-222511171.html) (Press release). Simon Property Group (/wiki/Simon_Property_Group) . Retrieved December 20, 2019 – via PR Newswire (/wiki/PR_Newswire) . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Saks acts as cornerstone of Houston Galleria's $250M transformation" (http://www.luxurydaily.com/saks-acts-as-cornerstone-of-houston-gallerias-250m-transformation/) . Luxury Daily . February 26, 2015 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-lmopen_63-0) "Lauren Sherman, "Inside the Reinvention of Saks Fifth Avenue", (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/saks-fifth-avenue-brookfield-place) BoF , September 6, 2016" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/saks-fifth-avenue-brookfield-place) . ^ (#cite_ref-lmclose_64-0) "Marianne Wilson, "Saks Fifth Avenue to exit Brookfield Center", (https://chainstoreage.com/store-spaces/saks-fifth-avenue-reportedly-to-exit-manhattan-center) Chain Store Age , 12/17/2018" (https://chainstoreage.com/store-spaces/saks-fifth-avenue-reportedly-to-exit-manhattan-center) . ^ (#cite_ref-65) "Saks Fifth Avenue Breathes New Life into Barneys New York" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a35218605/barney-at-saks-launch/) . January 15, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Barneys is Back, via Saks Fifth Avenue, in New York and Connecticut" (https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/features/news-briefs/barneys-is-back-via-saks-fifth-avenue-in-new-york-and-connecticut) . January 20, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-67) Moin, David (February 23, 2023). "After a Run of Quarterly Gains, Saks Tempers Its 2023 Outlook" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-com-ceo-marc-metrick-reports-on-fourth-quarter-and-2023-outlook-1235542672/) . WWD. ^ (#cite_ref-68) Palash Ghosh, " Saks Fifth Avenue To Stop Selling Fur Products By 2023 (https://www.forbes.com/sites/palashghosh/2021/04/07/saks-fifth-avenue-to-stop-selling-fur-products-by-2023/?sh=71ca3a8e3d98) ," Forbes.com, 7 April 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-69) Modi, Priyanka (August 10, 2021). "WeWork Taking Over Some Saks Fifth Avenue Spaces" (https://therealdeal.com/2021/08/10/wework-taking-space-in-some-saks-stores/) . The Real Deal New York . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) Vincent, Roger (June 23, 2022). "Beverly Hills' historic Saks Fifth Avenue complex set for development into offices and apartments" (https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-06-23/beverly-hills-historic-saks-fifth-avenue-development-coming-with-offices-apartments) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-71) "Slim cierra puertas de Saks Fifth Avenue en Polanco" (Slim closes the doors of Saks Fifth Avenue in Polanco) (https://www.milenio.com/negocios/slim-cierra-puertas-saks-fifth-avenue-polanco-e-commerce) , Milenio . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "Saks Fifth Avenue says goodbye to Mexico" (https://www.vallartadaily.com/saks-fifth-avenue-says-goodbye-to-mexico/) . Puerto Vallarta News . August 16, 2022 . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Valinsky, Nathaniel Meyersohn, Jordan (July 5, 2024). "Saks Fifth Avenue is buying Neiman Marcus with Amazon's help | CNN Business" (https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/05/business/saks-fifth-avenue-neiman-marcus-amazon/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved July 5, 2024 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ a b Barbaro, Michael (September 6, 2007). "Saks Settles With S.E.C. on Overpayments" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/business/06saks.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved September 21, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-lpb_75-0) "Saks Inc. Settles Financial Reporting and Related Charges by SEC" (https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2007/lr20266.htm) (Press release). Securities and Exchange Commission. September 5, 2007 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ a b c Steinmetz, Katy (January 12, 2015). "How the Lawsuit Between Saks and a Transgender Employee Might Shake Out" (http://time.com/3664705/saks-transgender-lawsuit/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Retrieved January 13, 2015 . ^ a b c Hoffman, Meredith (January 13, 2015). "Saks Is Fighting to Discriminate Against a Transgender Ex-Employee" (https://news.vice.com/article/saks-is-fighting-to-discriminate-against-a-transgender-ex-employee) . Vice News (/wiki/Vice_News) . Retrieved January 13, 2015 . ^ a b Reilly, Nicholas (January 9, 2015). "New York department store Saks 'defends discrimination against transgender staff' (http://metro.co.uk/2015/01/09/new-york-department-store-saks-defends-discrimination-against-transgender-staff-5016632/) " (http://metro.co.uk/2015/01/09/new-york-department-store-saks-defends-discrimination-against-transgender-staff-5016632/) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . Retrieved January 13, 2015 . ^ a b Zillman, Claire (March 5, 2015). "Saks settles discrimination suit with transgender employee, after sparking outrage" (http://fortune.com/2015/03/05/saks-transgender-discrimination-suit/) . Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) . Retrieved October 8, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-:6_80-0) Fung, Esther (November 3, 2017). "Mall Landlord Taubman Sues Saks Fifth Avenue Over Puerto Rico Store" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/mall-landlord-taubman-sues-saks-fifth-avenue-over-puerto-rico-store-1509741207) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved December 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-:7_81-0) Diaz, Marian (November 2, 2017). "Propietarios de The Mall of San Juan demandan a Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://www.elnuevodia.com/negocios/empresas/nota/propietariosdethemallofsanjuandemandanasaksfifthavenue-2371216/) [Owners of Mall of San Juan sue Saks Fifth Avenue]. El Nuevo Día (/wiki/El_Nuevo_D%C3%ADa) (in Spanish) . 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Wikimapia.org. ^ (#cite_ref-87) "Retailing: Discounter on 34th Street" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080127042628/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837555,00.html) . Time magazine . November 10, 1967. ^ (#cite_ref-88) "This month in real estate history - 1965: Department Store Says Farewell to Herald Square" (http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/this-month-in-real-estate-history-49/) . TheRealDeal.com. December 14, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-89) Hofmann, Tess (February 11, 2015). "H&M Flagship Store | 2 Herald Square | H&M Herald Center" (https://therealdeal.com/2015/02/11/hms-flagship-herald-square-store-hits-the-market/) . The Real Deal New York . Retrieved October 11, 2020 . ^ a b "Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200330120553/https://www.laconservancy.org/locations/saks-fifth-avenue) . Los Angeles Conservancy. Archived from the original (https://www.laconservancy.org/locations/saks-fifth-avenue) on March 30, 2020 . Retrieved March 27, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-PCAD_91-0) "Saks Fifth Avenue, Los Angeles, CA" (http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/6840) . Pacific Coast Architecture Database . Retrieved March 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-TimeOut_92-0) "Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/shopping/saks-fifth-avenue) . Time Out (/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 27, 2020 . ^ a b "Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://www.paulrwilliamsproject.org/gallery/architectural-drawing-saks-fifth-avenue-store-los-angeles-ca/) . Paul Williams Project . Retrieved March 27, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-TimeOut2_94-0) "Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/shopping/saks-fifth-avenue) . Time Out (/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)) . August 10, 2016 . Retrieved March 27, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saks Fifth Avenue (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saks_Fifth_Avenue) . 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Dress worn by Princess Beatrice of York at her wedding to Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in 2020 Wedding dress of Princess Beatrice of York Designer Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) Year 1961 ( 1961 ) Type Ivory gown Material Paduasoy (/wiki/Paduasoy) taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) , Duchess satin (/wiki/Satin) and organza (/wiki/Organza) The wedding dress of Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_York) worn at her wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Beatrice_and_Edoardo_Mapelli_Mozzi) to Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi (/wiki/Edoardo_Mapelli_Mozzi) on 17 July 2020 was designed by the British fashion designer Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) , who had originally created the gown for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) , the bride's grandmother, in the 1960s. The original dress was altered by the Queen's dressmaker, Angela Kelly (/wiki/Angela_Kelly) , and British fashion designer, Stewart Parvin (/wiki/Stewart_Parvin) , who remodelled and fitted the dress for Princess Beatrice. [1] (#cite_note-tandc-1) Creation and design [ edit ] The dress was designed and made by Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) in the early 1960s. Hartnell was well known for his collaborations with the Royal Family (/wiki/British_royal_family) , in particular Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) and Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen wore the dress, which originally featured a more voluminous hem but no sleeves, at events such as the premiere of Lawrence of Arabia (/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)) in 1962 and the 1967 State Opening of Parliament (/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament) . [1] (#cite_note-tandc-1) The dress is made from ivory peau de soie taffeta and is trimmed with ivory duchess satin (/wiki/Satin) . The gown also features diamanté (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diamante) adornments and a checkered, geometric bodice. [2] (#cite_note-harper-2) Wedding dress [ edit ] The Queen loaned the princess the dress for her wedding. The Queen's dressmaker, Angela Kelly (/wiki/Angela_Kelly) , and the fashion designer and frequent royal collaborator, Stewart Parvin (/wiki/Stewart_Parvin) , worked together on the gown, altering it to fit Princess Beatrice and adding organza (/wiki/Organza) sleeves. Princess Beatrice wore the Queen Mary Fringe Tiara (/wiki/Elizabeth_II%27s_jewels#Queen_Mary_Fringe_Tiara) , which both her grandmother, the Queen, and her aunt, the Princess Royal (/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal) , wore at their weddings in 1947 (/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten,_Duke_of_Edinburgh) and 1973 (/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Anne_and_Mark_Phillips) respectively. Princess Beatrice also carried a traditional royal bridal bouquet, with sprigs of myrtle (/wiki/Myrtus) . The dress along with a silk replica of her bouquet was exhibited by the Royal Collection Trust (/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust) at Windsor Castle from 24 September until 22 November 2020. [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b Hallemann, Caroline (18 July 2020). "Princess Beatrice's Stunning Vintage Wedding Dress Was Her "Something Old" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a33352749/princess-beatrice-wedding-dress-photos/) " (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a33352749/princess-beatrice-wedding-dress-photos/) . Town and Country Magazine (/wiki/Town_and_Country_Magazine) . Retrieved 18 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-harper_2-0) "Princess Beatrice Borrowed Her Exquisite Wedding Dress from the Queen" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a33348114/princess-beatrice-wedding-dress/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . 18 July 2020 . Retrieved 18 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hallemann, Caroline (8 September 2020). "Princess Beatrice's Stunning Wedding Dress to Go On Display at Windsor Castle" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a33944903/princess-beatrice-queen-elizabeth-wedding-dress-exhibit-windsor-castle/) . Town & Country . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (2020) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐7vlk9 Cached time: 20240712184218 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.243 seconds Real time usage: 0.318 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 754/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26687/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1754/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22231/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.168/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4014528/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 293.027 1 -total 33.08% 96.939 1 Template:Reflist 27.07% 79.322 2 Template:Cite_web 25.73% 75.383 1 Template:British_Royal_wedding_dresses 24.58% 72.029 1 Template:Navbox 21.33% 62.511 1 Template:Short_description 13.14% 38.494 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 12.57% 36.822 1 Template:Infobox 12.06% 35.345 2 Template:Pagetype 5.65% 16.547 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64585016-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712184218 and revision id 1215355310. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York&oldid=1215355310 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York&oldid=1215355310) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2020s fashion (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) 2020 in England (/wiki/Category:2020_in_England) British royal attire (/wiki/Category:British_royal_attire) English fashion (/wiki/Category:English_fashion) Marriage, unions and partnerships in England (/wiki/Category:Marriage,_unions_and_partnerships_in_England) Royal wedding dresses (/wiki/Category:Royal_wedding_dresses) 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Use British English from December 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_December_2022)
2016 film by Mandie Fletcher Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Theatrical release poster Directed by Mandie Fletcher (/wiki/Mandie_Fletcher) Written by Jennifer Saunders (/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders) Based on Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous) by Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French (/wiki/Dawn_French) Produced by Damian Jones (/wiki/Damian_Jones_(producer)) Jon Plowman (/wiki/Jon_Plowman) Starring Jennifer Saunders Joanna Lumley (/wiki/Joanna_Lumley) Julia Sawalha (/wiki/Julia_Sawalha) Jane Horrocks (/wiki/Jane_Horrocks) June Whitfield (/wiki/June_Whitfield) Chris Colfer (/wiki/Chris_Colfer) Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Lulu (/wiki/Lulu_(singer)) Emma Bunton (/wiki/Emma_Bunton) Robert Webb (/wiki/Robert_Webb) Barry Humphries (/wiki/Barry_Humphries) Cinematography Chris Goodger Edited by Anthony Boys Gavin Buckley Music by Jake Monaco (/wiki/Jake_Monaco) Production companies Fox Searchlight Pictures (/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures) TSG Entertainment (/wiki/TSG_Entertainment) BBC Films (/wiki/BBC_Films) DJ Films Saunders & French Productions Distributed by 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) (United Kingdom) Fox Searchlight Pictures (/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures) (United States) Release dates 29 June 2016 ( 2016-06-29 ) (London) 1 July 2016 ( 2016-07-01 ) (United Kingdom) 22 July 2016 ( 2016-07-22 ) (United States) Running time 91 minutes [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Countries United Kingdom United States Languages English French Box office $39.2 million [4] (#cite_note-BOM-4) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie is a 2016 comedy film (/wiki/Comedy_film) directed by Mandie Fletcher (/wiki/Mandie_Fletcher) , written by Jennifer Saunders (/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders) and based on the television series Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous) . It stars Saunders, Joanna Lumley (/wiki/Joanna_Lumley) , Julia Sawalha (/wiki/Julia_Sawalha) , June Whitfield (/wiki/June_Whitfield) (in her final film role) and Jane Horrocks (/wiki/Jane_Horrocks) , reprising their roles from the series. The film finds the drug-addicted, alcoholic PR agent Edina Monsoon (/wiki/Edina_Monsoon) and her best friend/codependent Patsy Stone (/wiki/Patsy_Stone) on the run from the authorities after it is suspected they killed supermodel Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) . The film serves as a de facto series finale (/wiki/Series_finale) for the show. Principal photography (/wiki/Principal_photography) began on 12 October 2015 in London, with additional filming in the South of France (/wiki/South_of_France) . The film premiered in London on 29 June 2016 and was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 1 July 2016 by 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) and in the United States on 22 July 2016 by Fox Searchlight Pictures (/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures) . In addition to being the final role for Whitfield, it also marked the final film role for Barry Humphries (/wiki/Barry_Humphries) before his death in April 2023. [5] (#cite_note-5) Plot [ edit ] The ever-glamorous and self-indulgent Edina Monsoon (/wiki/Edina_Monsoon) and Patsy Stone (/wiki/Patsy_Stone) are now in their 60s. Edina's PR (/wiki/Public_relations) company is in decline and her attempt to release an autobiography falls through when a publisher rejects the manuscript. While setting up designer Huki Muki's fashion event, Patsy learns that supermodel Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) is looking for a new PR agent, and immediately calls Edina to inform her. Their phone call is overheard by Edina's PR rival Claudia Bing when Edina accidentally leaves her phone on speaker. Edina and Patsy attend the fashion event with Edina's 13-year-old granddaughter Jane (who Edina calls "Lola"), while Saffron "Saffy" Monsoon (/wiki/Saffy_Monsoon) , Edina's daughter and Jane's mother, goes out on a date with her new boyfriend Nick. Edina finds Kate Moss on a balcony overlooking the Thames. When both Edina and Claudia attempt to approach Kate, Edina accidentally topples Kate into the river. Among the witnesses is Lulu (/wiki/Lulu_(singer)) , one of Edina's remaining clients, who is at odds with Edina after being replaced as a performer at the event. Hysteria pervades the event as Kate is presumed dead. The media immediately storm the scene to report her disappearance and assumed death. Edina and Patsy, along with Jane, are taken into police custody. Saffy arrives to see them with Nick, who is revealed to be a police detective. After being released the following day, Edina becomes the target of hate mail and Internet trolls (/wiki/Internet_troll) , while Patsy has been fired from her job because of her association with Edina. At night, the pair take a boat to the Thames to search for Kate's body, using Edina's personal assistant Bubble as a searching device, but she disappears into the water. They decide to flee the country before the media firestorm worsens, taking Jane and her credit card along. The three land in Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) , while back in London, Saffy desperately searches for Jane, eventually discovering Edina's whereabouts through her stylist, Christopher. In Cannes, Edina and Patsy try to devise money-making schemes. After Patsy fails to convince a wealthy former lover to marry her, the two happen upon an elderly baroness who is the richest woman in the world. In order to gain access to her fortune, Patsy disguises herself as a man named Pat Stone and flirts with her. The following day, Patsy marries the baroness, granting Edina and Patsy the lavish lifestyle they had been pursuing, as they stay in a luxury hotel with Dame Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) and Dame Edna Everage (/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage) as fellow guests. Meanwhile, Emma Bunton (/wiki/Emma_Bunton) , who saw Edina and Patsy in public, tells Lulu about their whereabouts. Lulu flies out to Cannes and meets with Bubble, who is alive and has bought a massive Cannes pavilion (/wiki/Pavilion) after embezzling money from Edina's company for years. Saffy arrives in Cannes with Nick and immediately heads to the hotel to find Jane, who is with Emma. A vengeful Lulu reports Edina and Patsy's location to the police. The police find Edina and Patsy and chase them through the town, the duo escaping in a hijacked three-wheeled delivery van. As they reach Bubble's pavilion, the van's brakes fail and they roll backwards and fall into an infinity pool (/wiki/Infinity_pool) attached to Bubble's house. Saffy arrives at the scene to find Edina and Patsy slowly sinking into the pool, still inside the van. Edina apologises to Saffy for being greedy, self-centred and a neglectful mother. In response, Saffy tells her that she loves her. When Bubble reveals that Kate Moss is alive, Edina immediately exits the van, realising she is innocent. People all over the world celebrate the fact that Kate Moss is alive. As Kate's new PR, Edina revitalises her own career and finally launches her autobiography, while Kate has been in even more demand since she was found. At Saffy's insistence, Patsy reluctantly reveals to the baroness that she is in fact a woman, not a man called "Pat". The baroness, in turn, reveals that she is actually a man. Cast [ edit ] Jennifer Saunders (/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders) as Edina "Eddy" Monsoon (/wiki/Edina_Monsoon) [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) Joanna Lumley (/wiki/Joanna_Lumley) as Patsy Stone (/wiki/Patsy_Stone) [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) Julia Sawalha (/wiki/Julia_Sawalha) as Saffron "Saffy" Monsoon [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) June Whitfield (/wiki/June_Whitfield) as Mother [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) Jane Horrocks (/wiki/Jane_Horrocks) as Bubble [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) and Shirley Bassey impersonator (/wiki/Shirley_Bassey) Chris Colfer (/wiki/Chris_Colfer) [7] (#cite_note-Colfer-7) as Christopher Indeyarna Donaldson-Holness as Jane "Lola" Johnson Christopher Ryan (/wiki/Christopher_Ryan) as Marshall Turtle Mo Gaffney (/wiki/Mo_Gaffney) as Bo Chrysalis Turtle Kathy Burke (/wiki/Kathy_Burke) as Magda [8] (#cite_note-Burke-8) Helen Lederer (/wiki/Helen_Lederer) as Catriona Harriet Thorpe (/wiki/Harriet_Thorpe) as Fleur Celia Imrie (/wiki/Celia_Imrie) as Claudia Bing [9] (#cite_note-DM_2015-11-9) Robert Webb (/wiki/Robert_Webb) as Nick Marcia Warren (/wiki/Marcia_Warren) as Lubliana Barry Humphries (/wiki/Barry_Humphries) as Charlie Lulu (/wiki/Lulu_(singer)) as herself Emma Bunton (/wiki/Emma_Bunton) as herself Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) as herself Wanda Ventham (/wiki/Wanda_Ventham) as Violet Janette Tough (/wiki/Janette_Tough) as Huki Muki Mark Gatiss (/wiki/Mark_Gatiss) as Joel Llewella Gideon (/wiki/Llewella_Gideon) as Llewella Celebrity cameos [ edit ] Multiple celebrity cameo appearances (/wiki/Cameo_appearance) in the film were announced over the course of filming. [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) [7] (#cite_note-Colfer-7) [10] (#cite_note-Collins-10) [11] (#cite_note-Rylan_Clark-11) [12] (#cite_note-Rebel_Wilson-12) [13] (#cite_note-Gaultier-13) [14] (#cite_note-Delevigne-14) In April 2016, Fox and the BBC confirmed a list of 60 cameos, most of which had not yet been announced, that would be featured in the film. [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) They include: Richard Arnold (/wiki/Richard_Arnold_(presenter)) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Christopher Biggins (/wiki/Christopher_Biggins) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Ozwald Boateng (/wiki/Ozwald_Boateng) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Judith Chalmers (/wiki/Judith_Chalmers) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Gwendoline Christie (/wiki/Gwendoline_Christie) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Abbey Clancy (/wiki/Abbey_Clancy) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Rylan Clark-Neal (/wiki/Rylan_Clark) as flight attendant Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) [7] (#cite_note-Colfer-7) [10] (#cite_note-Collins-10) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) as herself [9] (#cite_note-DM_2015-11-9) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) [14] (#cite_note-Delevigne-14) Poppy Delevingne (/wiki/Poppy_Delevingne) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Alice Dellal (/wiki/Alice_Dellal) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Alesha Dixon (/wiki/Alesha_Dixon) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Beattie Edmondson (/wiki/Beattie_Edmondson) as Claudia's assistant [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Ella Eyre (/wiki/Ella_Eyre) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Foxes (/wiki/Foxes_(singer)) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Dawn French (/wiki/Dawn_French) as Talk Show Host [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Sadie Frost (/wiki/Sadie_Frost) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) [13] (#cite_note-Gaultier-13) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Nick Grimshaw (/wiki/Nick_Grimshaw) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Orla Guerin (/wiki/Orla_Guerin) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jerry Hall (/wiki/Jerry_Hall) [9] (#cite_note-DM_2015-11-9) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jon Hamm (/wiki/Jon_Hamm) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) Jodie Harsh (/wiki/Jodie_Harsh) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Perez Hilton (/wiki/Perez_Hilton) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Anya Hindmarch (/wiki/Anya_Hindmarch) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Pam Hogg (/wiki/Pam_Hogg) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Kelly Hoppen (/wiki/Kelly_Hoppen) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Dame Edna Everage (/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage) ( Barry Humphries (/wiki/Barry_Humphries) ) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jocelyn Jee Esien (/wiki/Jocelyn_Jee_Esien) as Nigerian TV Presenter Alex Jones (/wiki/Alex_Jones_(Welsh_presenter)) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) La Roux (/wiki/La_Roux) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jamie Laing (/wiki/Jamie_Laing) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Kathy Lette (/wiki/Kathy_Lette) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Daisy Lowe (/wiki/Daisy_Lowe) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Nick Mohammed (/wiki/Nick_Mohammed) as Caspar [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Graham Norton (/wiki/Graham_Norton) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Miquita Oliver (/wiki/Miquita_Oliver) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jade Parfitt (/wiki/Jade_Parfitt) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Jeremy Paxman (/wiki/Jeremy_Paxman) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Sophie Raworth (/wiki/Sophie_Raworth) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Camilla Rutherford (/wiki/Camilla_Rutherford) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Brix Smith (/wiki/Brix_Smith) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Tinie Tempah (/wiki/Tinie_Tempah) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Bruno Tonioli (/wiki/Bruno_Tonioli) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Kirsty Wark (/wiki/Kirsty_Wark) [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) Rebel Wilson (/wiki/Rebel_Wilson) as flight attendant Approximately 90 drag queens (/wiki/Drag_queen) appeared in the film, [17] (#cite_note-17) including Daniel Lismore (/wiki/Daniel_Lismore) , The Vivienne (/wiki/The_Vivienne) and Charlie Hides (/wiki/Charlie_Hides) . Production [ edit ] Development [ edit ] Saunders wrote and starred in Absolutely Fabulous , a British television sitcom for the BBC (/wiki/BBC) , which originally ran for three series from 1992 to 1995, with intermittent additional series and specials until 2012. [18] (#cite_note-DL_2011-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Absolutely Fabulous features the champagne-fuelled duo of "international PR guru" Edina Monsoon (Saunders) and "sex-crazed magazine editor" Patsy Stone (Lumley). [18] (#cite_note-DL_2011-18) Additional characters include Edina's overly serious daughter Saffron (Sawalha), her daffy mother (Whitfield) and her even daffier assistant Bubble (Horrocks). [20] (#cite_note-20) Writing [ edit ] Saunders planned to begin writing a film version of the series in 2012 and confirmed that she had begun the writing process in 2014. Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) broke the story in November 2011 that Saunders planned to begin writing a film version (/wiki/Film_adaptation) of the series in 2012. [18] (#cite_note-DL_2011-18) The film would begin with Edina and Patsy waking up hungover after a party on an oligarch's yacht, with everyone else gone and the boat somewhere the middle of the ocean. [18] (#cite_note-DL_2011-18) [21] (#cite_note-21) Saunders later said that she hoped to shoot the film on the French Riviera (/wiki/French_Riviera) . [22] (#cite_note-22) In March 2012, Saunders confirmed that she was working on the script. [23] (#cite_note-IE_2012-03-23) She said of the plot: "Eddy and Patsy are looking for what they imagine glamorous life should be. They're constantly searching for that perfect place to sit or that perfect pair of sunglasses. It's Shangri-La and it just might be round the next corner. In the meantime, they decide to take Saffy's daughter off her—she calls her Jane, I call her Lola—but then they lose her." [23] (#cite_note-IE_2012-03-23) Calling herself the "worst procrastinator in the world", [24] (#cite_note-DS_2014-01-24) Saunders said in January 2014: "Yes, well I have to do it now because I've threatened to a lot ... And then she [Lumley] kept announcing it and saying, "Yes, she's going to do it," and then Dawn French (/wiki/Dawn_French) on our radio show at Christmas said, "I bet £100,000 that you don't write it," so now I have to write it, otherwise I have to pay her £100,000 ... Once you've had a bit of success, the last thing you want to do is go and make a flop. So the biggest fear in me is that it won't be good enough. I'm really nervous about it." [24] (#cite_note-DS_2014-01-24) In April 2014, Saunders again confirmed on BBC Breakfast (/wiki/BBC_Breakfast) that she was in the process of writing the film. [25] (#cite_note-25) In April 2015, Saunders explained her delay with the script, saying, "I think that's why I didn't do it for a while ... I thought, 'Wouldn't it be awful if it was awful.'" [26] (#cite_note-DS_2015-04-26) She then quipped, "but we're all so old, and Joanna [Lumley] said to me, 'Do it before we die!' We're all on the brink." [26] (#cite_note-DS_2015-04-26) Saunders also noted, "[The film] involves all the main characters and virtually everyone that's ever been in the series—all those characters". [26] (#cite_note-DS_2015-04-26) Lumley confirmed in July 2015 that the film's script was finished and that production would begin in October. [27] (#cite_note-DS_2015-07-27) She said of the project, "We are all there, the same old gang ... It is going to be ravishingly funny! Very gorgeous ... and completely fabulous!" [27] (#cite_note-DS_2015-07-27) Filming [ edit ] In August 2015, Deadline Hollywood reported that "all of the original main cast" were confirmed, with Fox Searchlight Pictures (/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures) in negotiations to co-finance and co-produce the film with BBC Films (/wiki/BBC_Films) , and to handle worldwide distribution. [28] (#cite_note-DL_Fox_2015-28) It was also announced that Mandie Fletcher (/wiki/Mandie_Fletcher) would direct, with Jon Plowman (/wiki/Jon_Plowman) and Damian Jones (/wiki/Damian_Jones_(producer)) as producers and Saunders, French and Maureen Vincent as executive producers. [28] (#cite_note-DL_Fox_2015-28) Deadline Hollywood later reported that Christine Langan (/wiki/Christine_Langan) , Steve Milne, Christian Eisenbeiss and Nichola Martin were also executive producing, with DanTram Nguyen, Vice President of Production and Katie Goodson-Thomas, Director of Production overseeing the project for Fox Searchlight Pictures. [29] (#cite_note-DL_Start_2015-10-29) Principal photography (/wiki/Principal_photography) began on 12 October 2015 in London. [28] (#cite_note-DL_Fox_2015-28) [30] (#cite_note-30) Additional filming took place in the South of France (/wiki/South_of_France) , with locations including the Hôtel Martinez (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Martinez) in Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) , the Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat (/wiki/Grand-H%C3%B4tel_du_Cap-Ferrat) in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat (/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat) , the Palais Bulles (/wiki/Palais_Bulles) in Théoule-sur-Mer (/wiki/Th%C3%A9oule-sur-Mer) , and Villefranche-sur-Mer (/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer) . [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) The BBC and Fox Searchlight subsequently released a promotional image of Saunders and Lumley in character on a yacht. [29] (#cite_note-DL_Start_2015-10-29) Along with Sawalha, Whitfield and Horrocks, [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) Kathy Burke (/wiki/Kathy_Burke) was confirmed to be reprising her role as Magda, [8] (#cite_note-Burke-8) and Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Emma Bunton (/wiki/Emma_Bunton) and Lulu (/wiki/Lulu_(singer)) would appear in guest roles as themselves, as they had in the TV series. [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) The cameo appearances of Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) , Kelly Hoppen (/wiki/Kelly_Hoppen) and Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) were also announced as filming began. [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) Multiple other celebrity cameos were announced during production, [6] (#cite_note-HP_2015-10-6) [7] (#cite_note-Colfer-7) [10] (#cite_note-Collins-10) [11] (#cite_note-Rylan_Clark-11) [12] (#cite_note-Rebel_Wilson-12) [13] (#cite_note-Gaultier-13) [14] (#cite_note-Delevigne-14) culminating with a 60-name list released in April 2016. [15] (#cite_note-Indep_60-15) [16] (#cite_note-Indep_2016-04-16) Music [ edit ] On 10 June 2016, Australian singer Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) released a cover version of the series' theme song (/wiki/Theme_song) " This Wheel's on Fire (/wiki/This_Wheel%27s_on_Fire) " as the official theme for the film. [34] (#cite_note-34) The soundtrack, which also includes songs from Paloma Faith (/wiki/Paloma_Faith) (whose "Ready for the Good Life" appears in the film's trailer), La Roux (/wiki/La_Roux) , Jason Derulo (/wiki/Jason_Derulo) , Eartha Kitt (/wiki/Eartha_Kitt) , Nancy Sinatra (/wiki/Nancy_Sinatra) , Santigold (/wiki/Santigold) and others, was released on 1 July 2016 via Rhino Records. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) It reached number 49 on the UK Compilation Chart (/wiki/UK_Compilation_Chart) and number 38 on the ARIA Albums Chart (/wiki/ARIA_Charts) in Australia. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Release [ edit ] Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie had its world premiere at the Odeon Leicester Square (/wiki/Odeon_Leicester_Square) in London on 29 June 2016. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) The film was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 1 July 2016 by 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) , [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) and was subsequently released in the UK on DVD (/wiki/DVD) and Blu-ray (/wiki/Blu-ray) on 5 December 2016. [43] (#cite_note-43) In the United States, it was released in select theaters (/wiki/Limited_release) on 22 July 2016 by Fox Searchlight Pictures (/wiki/Fox_Searchlight_Pictures) . [44] (#cite_note-44) Reception [ edit ] Box office [ edit ] Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie grossed $39.2 million worldwide, including $19.5 million in the United Kingdom, $4.7 million in the United States and $6.2 million in Australia. [4] (#cite_note-BOM-4) Critical response [ edit ] On the review aggregator (/wiki/Review_aggregator) website Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) , the film holds an approval rating of 58% based on 157 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The website's critics consensus reads, " Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie picks up pretty much where its source material left off, delivering an adaptation that, as fans of this British export might say, does what it says on the tin." [45] (#cite_note-45) On Metacritic (/wiki/Metacritic) , the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". [46] (#cite_note-46) Accolades [ edit ] Year Association Category Nominee(s) Result Ref. 2017 AAPR Movies for Grownups Awards Best Buddy Picture Jennifer Saunders, Joanna Lumley Won [47] (#cite_note-47) Best Comedy/Musical Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Nominated British Screenwriters’ Awards (/wiki/London_Screenwriters%27_Festival#British_Screenwriters’_Awards) Best British Feature Film Writing Jennifer Saunders Nominated [48] (#cite_note-48) Casting Directors Association Best Casting of a Feature Film & Drama Camilla Arthur Nominated [49] (#cite_note-49) Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) Excellence in Contemporary Film Rebecca Hale Nominated [50] (#cite_note-50) Diversity in Media Awards Movie of the Year Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Nominated Dorian Awards (/wiki/Dorian_Awards) Campy Film of the Year Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Nominated [51] (#cite_note-51) Golden Trailer Awards (/wiki/Golden_Trailer_Awards) Best Foreign Comedy Trailer Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Nominated [52] (#cite_note-52) National Film Awards UK (/wiki/National_Film_Awards_UK) Best Comedy Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Nominated [53] (#cite_note-53) Best Director Mandie Fletcher Nominated Best Actress Jennifer Saunders Nominated Best Supporting Actress Joanna Lumley Nominated Casting controversy [ edit ] In December 2015, the film sparked controversy and accusations of racism when it was announced that white Scottish (/wiki/White_British) comedian Janette Tough (/wiki/Janette_Tough) would be playing a Japanese character named Huki Muki. [54] (#cite_note-Cho-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) Korean-American comedian Margaret Cho (/wiki/Margaret_Cho) accused the film of " yellowface (/wiki/Yellowface) ", which she described as "when white people portray Asian people. And unfortunately it's happening in this film." [54] (#cite_note-Cho-54) Upon release of the film it became apparent that the character was not, in fact, Japanese but Scottish. When asked about the controversy, Saunders replied that "the whole film is about people being what they're not, Huki Muki is a brand, she is the designer and she looks a bit Japanese, but the moment she opens her mouth she's from Glasgow. There's no yellow makeup..." [56] (#cite_note-56) Cancelled sequel [ edit ] Saunders had at one point hinted that a sequel (/wiki/Sequel) would be considered if the film performed well at the box office. [57] (#cite_note-57) However, on 29 November 2016, Saunders confirmed that she is "not doing anything more with Ab Fab ", as she wants to focus on new projects and spend more time with her family. [58] (#cite_note-58) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/absolutely-fabulous-movie-film) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (15)" (https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/absolutely-fabulous-movie-film) . British Board of Film Classification (/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification) . 23 June 2016 . Retrieved 21 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Absolutely Fabulous The Movie (2016)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170310074343/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/579dd863dc61a) . British Film Institute (/wiki/British_Film_Institute) . Archived from the original (https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/579dd863dc61a) on 10 March 2017 . Retrieved 28 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie" (https://cineuropa.org/en/film/319406/) . Cineuropa (/wiki/Cineuropa) . Retrieved 28 August 2021 . ^ a b " (https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2112096/) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016)" (https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2112096/) . Box Office Mojo (/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo) . Retrieved 29 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dame Edna Everage Comic Barry Humphries Dies at 89" (https://extratv.com/2023/04/22/dame-edna-everage-comic-barry-humphries-dies-at-89/) . Extra (/wiki/Extra_(American_TV_program)) . 22 April 2023. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Percival, Ashley (19 October 2015). " (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/10/19/absolutely-fabulous-film-movie-filming-jennifer-saunders-joanna-lumley-pictures_n_8329954.html) Absolutely Fabulous : Jennifer Saunders And Joanna Lumley Begin Shooting For New Film As Eddie Monsoon And Patsy Stone" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/10/19/absolutely-fabulous-film-movie-filming-jennifer-saunders-joanna-lumley-pictures_n_8329954.html) . HuffPost UK (/wiki/HuffPost_UK) . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ a b c d Wong, Curtis M. (23 November 2015). "Chris Colfer Lands A Role in (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/chris-colfer-absolutely-fabulous_5651caeae4b0258edb31d85a) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie " (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/chris-colfer-absolutely-fabulous_5651caeae4b0258edb31d85a) . The Huffington Post . Retrieved 23 November 2015 . ^ a b Warner, Sam (12 October 2015). "Kathy Burke is back as Magda in the (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a673279/kathy-burke-is-back-as-magda-in-the-absolutely-fabulous-movie/) Absolutely Fabulous movie" (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a673279/kathy-burke-is-back-as-magda-in-the-absolutely-fabulous-movie/) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ a b c "Jimmy Krankie to star with Jerry Hall and Lily Cole in new (https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/jimmy-krankie-star-jerry-hall-6833669) Absolutely Fabulous movie" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/jimmy-krankie-star-jerry-hall-6833669) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . 14 November 2015 . Retrieved 23 November 2015 . ^ a b c "Joan Collins's diary: 'I'm in deep shock at Jackie's death, but life goes on' (https://web.archive.org/web/20151127204553/http://new.spectator.co.uk/2015/11/joan-collinss-diary-im-in-deep-shock-at-jackies-death-but-life-goes-on/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20151127204553/http://new.spectator.co.uk/2015/11/joan-collinss-diary-im-in-deep-shock-at-jackies-death-but-life-goes-on/) . The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) . 7 November 2015. Archived from the original (http://new.spectator.co.uk/2015/11/joan-collinss-diary-im-in-deep-shock-at-jackies-death-but-life-goes-on/) on 27 November 2015 . Retrieved 23 November 2015 . ^ a b Percival, Ashley (2 December 2015). " (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/02/absolutely-fabulous-movie-film-rylan-clark_n_8696840.html) 'Absolutely Fabulous' Movie Adds Rylan Clark To Cast, As 'Big Brother' Host Lands Guest Role" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/02/absolutely-fabulous-movie-film-rylan-clark_n_8696840.html) . HuffPost UK . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ a b Miller, Michael (2 December 2015). "Rebel Wilson Shares Pics of Her (https://people.com/movies/rebel-wilson-shares-pics-from-the-set-of-absolutely-fabulous/) Absolutely Fabulous Time on the Set of Upcoming Movie" (https://people.com/movies/rebel-wilson-shares-pics-from-the-set-of-absolutely-fabulous/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ a b c Sowray, Bibby (6 November 2015). "Kate Moss meets a watery end in (https://web.archive.org/web/20151108174451/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/kate-moss-gets-killed-off-in-ab-fab-the-movie/) Ab Fab: The Movie " (https://web.archive.org/web/20151108174451/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/kate-moss-gets-killed-off-in-ab-fab-the-movie/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/kate-moss-gets-killed-off-in-ab-fab-the-movie/) on 8 November 2015 . Retrieved 3 December 2015 . ^ a b c Sowray, Bibby (1 December 2015). "Cara Delevingne joins Kate Moss and Stella McCartney in (https://web.archive.org/web/20151201214102/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cara-delevingne-joins-kate-moss-and-stella-mccartney-in-ab-fab-t/) Ab Fab: The Movie " (https://web.archive.org/web/20151201214102/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cara-delevingne-joins-kate-moss-and-stella-mccartney-in-ab-fab-t/) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cara-delevingne-joins-kate-moss-and-stella-mccartney-in-ab-fab-t/) on 1 December 2015 . Retrieved 3 December 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay Stolworthy, Jacob (25 April 2016). " (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-will-have-about-60-cameos-a6999721.html) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie will have a ridiculous number of cameos" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-will-have-about-60-cameos-a6999721.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160426114228/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-will-have-about-60-cameos-a6999721.html) from the original on 26 April 2016 . Retrieved 25 April 2016 . ^ a b c d e f Stolworthy, Jacob (27 April 2016). " (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-full-length-film-trailer-shows-off-its-many-cameos-from-kate-moss-to-jon-hamm-a7003011.html) Absolutely Fabulous film trailer shows off its many cameos, from Kate Moss to Jon Hamm" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-full-length-film-trailer-shows-off-its-many-cameos-from-kate-moss-to-jon-hamm-a7003011.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160428100312/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-full-length-film-trailer-shows-off-its-many-cameos-from-kate-moss-to-jon-hamm-a7003011.html) from the original on 28 April 2016 . Retrieved 27 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Ab Fab Movie Shoots Scenes at Royal Vauxhall Tavern with Over 90 Drag Queens" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201010182734/https://attitude.co.uk/article/pics-ab-fab-movie-shoots-scenes-at-royal-vauxhall-tavern-with-over-90-drag-queens/8844/) . Attitude (/wiki/Attitude_(magazine)) . 16 November 2015. Archived from the original (https://attitude.co.uk/article/pics-ab-fab-movie-shoots-scenes-at-royal-vauxhall-tavern-with-over-90-drag-queens/8844/) on 10 October 2020 . Retrieved 2 October 2020 . ^ a b c d Adler, Tim (8 November 2011). "Jennifer Saunders To Pen (https://deadline.com/2011/11/jennifer-saunders-to-pen-absolutely-fabulous-movie-192506/) Absolutely Fabulous Movie" (https://deadline.com/2011/11/jennifer-saunders-to-pen-absolutely-fabulous-movie-192506/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sperling, Daniel; Mansell, Tom (15 May 2012). 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"Jennifer Saunders to write (https://web.archive.org/web/20150205061907/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/09/jennifer-saunders-absolutely-fabulous-movie) Absolutely Fabulous movie" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150205061907/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/09/jennifer-saunders-absolutely-fabulous-movie) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived from the original (https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/09/jennifer-saunders-absolutely-fabulous-movie) on 5 February 2015 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Bolonik, Kera (29 December 2011). "Still (https://web.archive.org/web/20111230083018/https://nymag.com/arts/tv/features/jennifer-saunders-2012-1/) Ab Fab : Jennifer Saunders" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111230083018/https://nymag.com/arts/tv/features/jennifer-saunders-2012-1/) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://nymag.com/arts/tv/features/jennifer-saunders-2012-1/) on 30 December 2011 . 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Retrieved 19 October 2015 – via Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . ^ a b c Lee, Ben (29 April 2015). "Jennifer Saunders on (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a644816/jennifer-saunders-on-absolutely-fabulous-movie-we-might-shoot-in-the-autumn/) Absolutely Fabulous movie: 'We might shoot in the autumn' (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a644816/jennifer-saunders-on-absolutely-fabulous-movie-we-might-shoot-in-the-autumn/) " (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a644816/jennifer-saunders-on-absolutely-fabulous-movie-we-might-shoot-in-the-autumn/) . Digital Spy . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ a b Reynolds, Simon (29 July 2015). "Sweetie darling, we're going to the movies! Joanna Lumley confirms (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a660733/sweetie-darling-were-going-to-the-movies-joanna-lumley-confirms-absolutely-fabulous-film/) Absolutely Fabulous film" (https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a660733/sweetie-darling-were-going-to-the-movies-joanna-lumley-confirms-absolutely-fabulous-film/) . Digital Spy . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ a b c Jaafar, Ali (11 August 2015). "Fox Searchlight In Discussions For (https://deadline.com/2015/08/absolutely-fabulous-fox-searchlight-jennifer-saunders-joanna-lumley-1201497212/) Absolutely Fabulous Feature Film With Original Cast" (https://deadline.com/2015/08/absolutely-fabulous-fox-searchlight-jennifer-saunders-joanna-lumley-1201497212/) . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ a b Jaafar, Ali (19 October 2015). "First Look: (https://deadline.com/2015/10/first-look-absolutely-fabulous-joanna-lumley-jennifer-saunders-fox-edina-patsy-riviera-1201587558/) Absolutely Fabulous Feature Film Starts Shooting" (https://deadline.com/2015/10/first-look-absolutely-fabulous-joanna-lumley-jennifer-saunders-fox-edina-patsy-riviera-1201587558/) . Deadline Hollywood . 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Archived from the original (http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-101615-ab-fab-the-movie-planet-of-the-apes-sequel-start-shooting-while-star-trek-beyond-wraps/) on 13 June 2017 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Stamp, Elizabeth (22 July 2016). "Tour the Fashionable Filming Locations of (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/fashionable-locations-absolutely-fabulous-the-movie) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie " (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/fashionable-locations-absolutely-fabulous-the-movie) . Architectural Digest (/wiki/Architectural_Digest) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210801144555/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/fashionable-locations-absolutely-fabulous-the-movie) from the original on 1 August 2021 . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) O'Malley, Katie (5 August 2016). "Take A Peek Inside The Absolutely Fabulous Bubble Mansion" (https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/articles/a31401/take-a-peek-inside-the-absolutely-fabulous-bubble-mansion/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . UK . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Jane (10 August 2020). "Ab Fab: The Movie Filming Locations: Bubble Mansions and Hampstead Homes" (https://findthatlocation.com/blog/ab-fab-the-movie-filming-locations-bubble-mansions-and-hampstead-homes) . Find That Location . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Romano, Nick (10 June 2016). "Absolutely Fabulous movie soundtrack features Kylie Minogue theme song cover" (https://ew.com/article/2016/06/10/absolutely-fabulous-movie-soundtrack-kylie-minogue/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 27 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Phelan, Zehra (10 June 2016). "Jason Derulo, Kylie and Paloma Faith Head up The Absolutely Fabulous Movie Soundtrack" (https://www.flavourmag.co.uk/jason-derulo-kylie-paloma-faith-head-absolutely-fabulous-movie-soundtrack/) . Flavourmag . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Palmer, Jason (10 June 2016). "Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie Featurette & Kylie Theme Song Released" (https://entertainment-focus.com/2016/06/10/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-featurette-kylie-theme-song-released/) . Entertainment Focus . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Official Compilations Chart Top 100" (https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/official-compilations-chart/20160708/7503/) . Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) . 8–14 July 2016 . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Soundtrack – Absolutely Fabulous" (https://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack&titel=Absolutely+Fabulous&cat=a) . australian-charts.com . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Cope, Rebecca (29 June 2016). "Watch the 'Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie' premiere live here" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/news/a37519/watch-the-absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-premiere-live-here/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . United Kingdom . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie red carpet premiere: Watch live from London's Leicester Square" (https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-red-carpet-premiere-watch-live-from-london-s-leicester-square-a3283856.html) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . 29 June 2016 . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Panisch, Alex (10 December 2015). "Jennifer Saunders Confirms (https://www.out.com/popnography/2015/12/10/jennifer-saunders-confirms-ab-fab-movie-release-date-plot-details) Ab Fab Movie Release Date, Plot Details" (https://www.out.com/popnography/2015/12/10/jennifer-saunders-confirms-ab-fab-movie-release-date-plot-details) . Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) . Retrieved 13 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "WIN: Absolutely Fabulous The Movie poster signed by Jennifer Saunders and Joanna Lumley" (https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/win-absolutely-fabulous-movie-poster-signed-jennifer-saunders-and-joanna-lumley-1225325) . The Yorkshire Post (/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Post) . 30 June 2016 . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Absolutely Fabulous The Movie [DVD]" (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Absolutely-Fabulous-Movie-Jennifer-Saunders/dp/B01HI87MAM) . Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) . United Kingdom . Retrieved 8 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Coggan, Devan (23 February 2016). "Absolutely Fabulous movie gets July release date" (https://ew.com/article/2016/02/23/absolutely-fabulous-movie-release-date/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie" (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/absolutely_fabulous_the_movie/) . Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie reviews" (https://www.metacritic.com/movie/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie) . Metacritic (/wiki/Metacritic) . Retrieved 18 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Rahman, Abid (6 February 2017). "AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards: Complete Winners List" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2017-aarp-winners-movies-grownups-awards-966474/best-picture-33/) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Jones, Chris (17 September 2017). "The British Screenwriters' Awards 2017" (https://www.londonscreenwritersfestival.com/the-british-screenwriters-awards-2017/) . londonscreenwritersfestival.com . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Lodderhose, Diana (28 February 2017). "Sally Phillips To Host UK Casting Directors Association's Inaugural Awards Ceremony" (https://deadline.com/2017/02/sally-phillips-hosting-casting-directors-associtaion-inaugral-awards-ceremony-1202026641/amp/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "19th Costume Designers Guild Awards" (https://www.costumedesignersguild.com/awards-archives/19th-cdga-2017/) . costumedesignersguild.com . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) Heffernan, Liam (15 January 2017). "Nominees: 2017 Dorian Awards" (https://moviemarker.co.uk/nominees-2017-dorian-awards/) . moviemarker.co.uk . 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" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151216120843/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/absolutely-fabulous/ab-fab-movie-janette-krankie-racism-margaret-cho/) Ab Fab movie accused of racism" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151216120843/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/absolutely-fabulous/ab-fab-movie-janette-krankie-racism-margaret-cho/) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/absolutely-fabulous/ab-fab-movie-janette-krankie-racism-margaret-cho/) on 16 December 2015 . Retrieved 24 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Smith, Lydia (16 December 2015). " (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/absolutely-fabulous-movie-yellowface-why-offensive-racial-stereotyping-still-blights-hollywood-1533640) Absolutely Fabulous movie and yellowface: Why offensive racial stereotyping still blights Hollywood" (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/absolutely-fabulous-movie-yellowface-why-offensive-racial-stereotyping-still-blights-hollywood-1533640) . International Business Times UK (/wiki/International_Business_Times) . Retrieved 24 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Denham, Jess (30 June 2016). "Absolutely Fabulous: Jennifer Saunders dismisses yellowface accusations as 'ridiculous nonsense' (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-jennifer-saunders-dismisses-yellowface-accusations-as-ridiculous-nonsense-a7110806.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-jennifer-saunders-dismisses-yellowface-accusations-as-ridiculous-nonsense-a7110806.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160630113159/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/absolutely-fabulous-jennifer-saunders-dismisses-yellowface-accusations-as-ridiculous-nonsense-a7110806.html) from the original on 30 June 2016 . Retrieved 5 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Percival, Ash (30 June 2016). "Absolutely Fabulous: The Sequel" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/absolutely-fabulous-the-movie-sequel-second-film-jennifer-saunders_uk_5774fbfae4b0b9c0dc08ae67) . HuffPost UK . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) Fullerton, Huw (29 November 2016). "Jennifer Saunders says there'll be no more Absolutely Fabulous: "That. Is. It." (https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-11-29/jennifer-saunders-says-therell-be-no-more-absolutely-fabulous-that-is-it/) " (https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-11-29/jennifer-saunders-says-therell-be-no-more-absolutely-fabulous-that-is-it/) . Radio Times (/wiki/Radio_Times) . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . External links [ edit ] Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie at AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie at the British Film Institute (/wiki/British_Film_Institute) [ better source needed ] Jeffery, Morgan (30 July 2015). "The Absolutely Fabulous story of Patsy and Eddie's boozy big-screen debut" (http://www.digitalspy.com/british-tv/feature/a660983/the-absolutely-fabulous-story-of-patsy-and-eddies-boozy-big-screen-debut.html) . Digital Spy . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . v t e Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous) Characters (/wiki/List_of_Absolutely_Fabulous_characters) Edina Monsoon (/wiki/Edina_Monsoon) Patsy Stone (/wiki/Patsy_Stone) Series (/wiki/List_of_Absolutely_Fabulous_episodes) 1 (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_series_1) 2 (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_series_2) 3 (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_series_3) 4 (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_series_4) 5 (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_series_5) 20th Anniversary (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous:_20th_Anniversary) Music " This Wheel's on Fire (/wiki/This_Wheel%27s_on_Fire) " " Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_(song)) " Films Absolument fabuleux (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous_(2001_film)) (2001) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016) Related Jennifer Saunders (/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders) " Modern Mother and Daughter (/wiki/Modern_Mother_and_Daughter) " Mirrorball (/wiki/Mirrorball_(TV_pilot)) Rosa 'Absolutely Fabulous' (/wiki/Julia_Child_rose) v t e AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Buddy Picture (/wiki/AARP_Movies_for_Grownups_Award_for_Best_Buddy_Picture) The Bucket List (/wiki/The_Bucket_List) (2007) Tyler Perry's The Family that Preys (/wiki/The_Family_That_Preys) (2008) The Soloist (/wiki/The_Soloist) (2009) Unstoppable (/wiki/Unstoppable_(2010_film)) (2010) No Award (2011) Robot & Frank (/wiki/Robot_%26_Frank) (2012) Last Vegas (/wiki/Last_Vegas) (2013) Land Ho! (/wiki/Land_Ho!) (2014) Learning to Drive (/wiki/Learning_to_Drive_(film)) (2015) Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016) No Award (2017) No Award (2018) No Award (2019) Da 5 Bloods (/wiki/Da_5_Bloods) (2020) Finch (/wiki/Finch_(film)) (2021) No Award (2022) No Award (2023) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6bb4b77877‐bdwmr Cached time: 20240717142737 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.217 seconds Real time usage: 1.438 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5118/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 173513/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 27297/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 24/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 258610/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.681/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7276222/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1230.926 1 -total 41.93% 516.180 1 Template:Reflist 32.52% 400.283 50 Template:Cite_web 11.66% 143.544 1 Template:IMDb_title 11.23% 138.239 1 Template:Infobox_film 9.54% 117.454 1 Template:Infobox 8.76% 107.818 1 Template:Short_description 8.12% 99.942 1 Template:Absolutely_Fabulous 8.11% 99.849 2 Template:Navbox 5.71% 70.337 5 Template:Wikidata Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48291627-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717142737 and revision id 1231160845. 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French milliner You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Virot) in Swedish . (March 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMadame_Virot&sl=sv&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the Swedish article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Madame Virot]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|sv|Madame Virot}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Madame_Virot) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Madame_Virot##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madame_Virot&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Madame Virot" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Madame+Virot%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Madame+Virot%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Madame+Virot%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Madame+Virot%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Madame+Virot%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Madame+Virot%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2021 ) Madame Virot (1826-1911) was a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) milliner (/wiki/Milliner) . Alongside Caroline Reboux (/wiki/Caroline_Reboux) , she was one of the two most famous hat designers in Paris during the second half of the 19th-century. She was the student of Madame Laure and Madame Alexandrine. She was one of the favorite designers of the empress of France, Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) . The empress, who was a major fashion icon of the time, had favorite designers who attended different parts of her wardrobe. In the 1860s, the evening gowns of the empress was designed by Charles Frederick Worth (/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth) , the morning dresses was made by Madame Laferrière (/wiki/Madame_Laferri%C3%A8re) , and the outerwear by Mademoiselle Félicie (/wiki/Mademoiselle_F%C3%A9licie) ; Félix Escalier (/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Escalier&action=edit&redlink=1) was the hairdresser of the empress, while her the task to design her hats was shared between Madame Virot and Madame Lebel. [1] (#cite_note-1) The fashions of the empress were copied all over the world, and benefitted the careers of her favorite designers. Because of the patronage of the empress, Madame Virot was able to establish her own studio at the Rue de la Paix nr 12 at Champs-Élysées in Paris in 1860. She was known for her innovative and extravagant taste, and became a role model for other milliners. By the 1880s, she had become a millionaire. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Granström, Alvar, Kvinnor och krinoliner: en mode- och sedeskildring från krinolinmodets tid, Carlsson, Stockholm, 1990 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐94785 Cached time: 20240714032329 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.145 seconds Real time usage: 0.221 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 779/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29267/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2751/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5126/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.069/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2435272/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 202.065 1 -total 47.16% 95.300 2 Template:Ambox 38.33% 77.445 1 Template:Short_description 36.16% 73.072 1 Template:Expand_Swedish 33.49% 67.679 1 Template:Expand_language 20.91% 42.250 2 Template:Pagetype 17.86% 36.081 1 Template:One_source 17.24% 34.832 1 Template:Hidden 11.80% 23.839 5 Template:Main_other 10.17% 20.548 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67205262-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714032329 and revision id 1143577129. 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Fashion week trade show held in Budapest, Hungary Budapest Fashion Week Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Frequency Semi-annually Location(s) Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary Participants Local designers and International designers from Budapest Area Palazzo Dorottya Organised by Eve Hajnal, Kriszta Dora People Anda, Anh Tuan, Je Suis Belle, Nanushka, Use Unused, Nubu, Kata Szegedi, Daniel Benus, Dora Abodi, Dóra Konsánszky, Dora Mojzes Budapest Fashion Week is a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) trade show (/wiki/Trade_show) held annually in April [1] (#cite_note-1) and October in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) , usually after the five major fashion weeks. It is still aspiring to the level of big five fashion weeks ( New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , London (/wiki/London) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) ). Based on the concept of the international fashion week series, TONI&GUY Fashion Week Budapest is an event, where the leading Hungarian fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and international designers gain platform to introduce their seasonal collections twice a year for the Hungarian and international fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) and the public as well. The event is usually held in the Palazzo Dorottya. Location [ edit ] The Spring-Summer 2019 edition of Budapest Fashion Week was hosted at the Várkert Bazár [2] (#cite_note-2) in the capital of Budapest. Purpose and organizer [ edit ] Budapest Fashion Week's aim is to get together the talented young fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) with the innovative brands for a successful and most “talked about” event for communication and socially responsible purposes. Based on the concept of the international fashion (/wiki/Fashion) week series, TONI&GUY Fashion Week Budapest is an event, where the leading Hungarian fashion designers gain platform to introduce their seasonal collections twice a year for the Hungarian and international fashion industry and the public as well. The long-term goal of the event is to build a position for the Hungarian designers on the local and also on the international markets and to revive Hungarian fashion and textile industry. The organizer of this event is BigBag PR Agency, which is a boutique strategic communications firm specializes in fashion and beauty. Based on industry experiences – with a background in fashion journalism – the agency develop programs that launch, grow, or re-establish brand's presence and deliver consistent brand message. The agency's aim is to reinvigorate the professional Hungarian fashion life, that is why the organizers created TONI&GUY Fashion Week Budapest. [3] (#cite_note-3) Budapest Fashion Week is not limited to Hungarian designers alone. Labels from other central European countries including Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, and Ukraine are also featured. These designers are working to change the way Budapest fashion is perceived by incorporating unique color palettes, fabrics, and silhouettes. Sandra Sandor has reached a higher popularity status than most other designers featured in Budapest Fashion Week. Sandor developed her brand named Nanushka in 2005, immediately after graduating from the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . Sandor is known for her knit sweaters, satin dresses with tie-waist details, striped linen pants, vegan leather puffers and belt bags. For each collection she chooses a clashing culture theme. For example, her Spring 2018 collection represents a mix of “far Eastern culture and wild Western Americana” . [4] (#cite_note-4) Nanushka's bold pieces made from luxurious fabrics and sold at a contemporary price point set this brand aside from most. It has gained global recognition, now being sold to Net-a-Porter, MyTheresa, Nordstrom, and Moda Operandi. World-famous fashion models Gigi Hadid and Caroline de Maigret have been caught wearing staple Nanushka pieces. This brand has been featured twice in New York Fashion Week and there are plans to open stores in New York and LA in the coming years. Through Sandor's hard work and increased popularity, she is helping to establish Budapest as the latest fashion hub. [5] (#cite_note-5) Thoughts from Vogue [ edit ] Reception [ edit ] Live video stream [ edit ] Budapest Fashion Week became one of the first fashion weeks to fully embrace digital media when it offered all designers who were showing their collections on the catwalk the opportunity to broadcast their shows live on the internet (/wiki/Internet) by UStream (/wiki/UStream) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The video stream can be seen on Budapest Fashion Week's website and on UStream channels. The full live stream is no longer available on UStream (/wiki/UStream) [ citation needed ] but short clips can be found on YouTube. [7] (#cite_note-7) Sponsors [ edit ] The general sponsor of the event is TONI&GUY (/wiki/Toni_%26_Guy) global hairdressing and training business company, and further major sponsors are Mercedes-Benz (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) , Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) , MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) , Sony (/wiki/Sony) , and UPC (/wiki/UPC_Cablecom) among others. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Shops You Won't Find Anywhere Else" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170702000057/http://visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/) . visitbudapest.travel. Archived from the original (http://visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/) on 2017-07-02 . Retrieved 2014-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Budapest Central European Fashion Week in October" (https://bbj.hu/culture/budapest-central-european-fashion-week-in-october_155207) . Budapest Business Journal . Retrieved 2018-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About Budapest Fashion Week" (http://www.fashionweek-budapest.com/tgfwb.php) . fashionweek-budapest.com . Retrieved 2014-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Whitney, Christine. "This Hungarian Designer Is Putting Budapest on the Fashion Map" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/03/nanushka-is-putting-budapest-on-the-fashion-map.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2018-12-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "7 Breakout Designers from Budapest Central European Fashion Week" (https://fashionista.com/2018/10/budapest-central-european-fashion-week-2018-designers#&gid=ci0236b8b2d00226b0&pid=_v5i3068) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2018-12-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Fashion Week Budapest" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140522232519/http://www.ustream.tv/fashionweekbudapest) . UStream.tv. Archived from the original (http://www.ustream.tv/fashionweekbudapest) on 2014-05-22 . Retrieved 2014-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) GRIPmanagement (2018-10-26), Young Talents Graduate Show at Budapest Central European Fashion Week, 25 Oct 2018 , retrieved 2018-12-03 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "TONI&GUY Fashion Week Budapest 2014" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140523225917/http://welovebudapest.com/uzletek.szolgaltatasok/toni.guy.fashion.week.budapest.a.w.14.1) . welovebudapest.com. Archived from the original (http://welovebudapest.com/uzletek.szolgaltatasok/toni.guy.fashion.week.budapest.a.w.14.1) on 2014-05-23 . Retrieved 2014-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Sponsors of Budapest Fashion Week" (http://www.fashionweek-budapest.com/sponsors-tg.php) . fashionweek-budapest.com . Retrieved 2014-05-21 . 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Indian actor and model (born 1986) For the politician, see Rajveer Singh (/wiki/Rajveer_Singh) . Rajveer Singh Born ( 1986-09-04 ) 4 September 1986 (age 37) [1] (#cite_note-1) Bahadurgarh, Haryana (/wiki/Bahadurgarh,_Haryana) , India Nationality Indian Occupation(s) Actor, Model, Writer Years active 2014–present Known for Sufiyana Pyaar Mera (/wiki/Sufiyana_Pyaar_Mera) Qurbaan Hua (/wiki/Qurbaan_Hua) Spouse Anagha Tawde ​ ( m. 2019) ​ Rajveer Singh (born 4 September 1986) is an Indian television actor and model. He is best known for playing lead roles in Sufiyana Pyaar Mera (/wiki/Sufiyana_Pyaar_Mera) and Qurbaan Hua (/wiki/Qurbaan_Hua) . From August 2022 to March 2023, he played the role of Arjun Singh Thakur in Rajjo (/wiki/Rajjo_(TV_series)) . Career [ edit ] Before becoming an actor, he was a farmer. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2014, He made his television debut in the show Ishq Kills (/wiki/Ishq_Kills) as Rajveer and Samar. In 2017, he appeared as Abir Anand, the male protagonist in Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka? (/wiki/Kya_Qusoor_Hai_Amala_Ka%3F) ; the Indian remake of the popular Turkish drama, Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne? (/wiki/Fatmag%C3%BCl%27%C3%BCn_Su%C3%A7u_Ne%3F) . In 2019, he appear in Sufiyana Pyaar Mera (/wiki/Sufiyana_Pyaar_Mera) as Zaroon Shah. [3] (#cite_note-3) From 2020 to 2021, he replaced Karan Jotwani (/wiki/Karan_Jotwani) as Neelkant "Neel" Dhyani in Qurbaan Hua (/wiki/Qurbaan_Hua) . [4] (#cite_note-4) From August 2022 to March 2023, he portrayed the main lead Arjun Singh Thakur in Star Plus (/wiki/Star_Plus) ' show Rajjo (/wiki/Rajjo_(TV_series)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) For his role in the series, he lost 8 kilograms. [6] (#cite_note-6) From 10 July 2023 to 18 February 2024, he played Abir Bagchi in Colors TV (/wiki/Colors_TV) 's Neerja – Ek Nayi Pehchaan (/wiki/Neerja_%E2%80%93_Ek_Nayi_Pehchaan) . [7] (#cite_note-7) From 10 June 2024, he will play Inspector Abhimanyu Sinha in Star Bharat (/wiki/Star_Bharat) 's 10:29: Ki Aakhri Dastak . [8] (#cite_note-8) Television [ edit ] Year Serial Role Notes 2014 Ishq Kills (/wiki/Ishq_Kills) Rajveer Episodic Role Samar 2017 Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka? (/wiki/Kya_Qusoor_Hai_Amala_Ka%3F) Abir Anand Lead Role 2019 Sufiyana Pyaar Mera (/wiki/Sufiyana_Pyaar_Mera) Zaroon Shah 2020–2021 Qurbaan Hua (/wiki/Qurbaan_Hua) Neelkant "Neel" Bhatt Dhyani 2022–2023 Rajjo (/wiki/Rajjo_(TV_series)) Arjun Singh Thakur 2023–2024 Neerja – Ek Nayi Pehchaan (/wiki/Neerja_%E2%80%93_Ek_Nayi_Pehchaan) Abir Bagchi 2024–present 10:29: Ki Aakhri Dastak Inspector Abhimanyu Sinha See also [ edit ] List of Indian television actresses (/wiki/List_of_Indian_television_actresses) List of Indian television actors (/wiki/List_of_Indian_television_actors) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) All you need to know about telly actor Rajveer Singh (https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/all-you-need-know-about-telly-actor-rajveer-singh-210406) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Did you know Qurbaan Hua actor Rajveer Singh was a farmer till the age of 16" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-actor-rajveer-singh-was-a-farmer-till-the-age-of-16/articleshow/80269732.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . Retrieved 9 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Looking forward to play role of sports person, says TV actor Rajveer Singh" (https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/6/26/Looking-forward-to-play-role-of-sports-person-says-TV-actor-Rajveer-Singh.html) . Thehitavada . Retrieved 9 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "I'm comfortable to start shooting as I know all safety measures are in place, says Rajveer Singh who is set to replace Karan Jotwani in Qurbaan Hua" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/im-comfortable-to-start-shooting-as-i-know-all-safety-measures-are-in-place-says-rajveer-singh-who-is-set-to-replace-karan-jotwani-in-qurbaan-hua/articleshow/78888357.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . 27 October 2020 . Retrieved 9 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rajveer Singh to play the lead in the TV show Rajjo" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajveer-singh-to-play-lead-in-the-tv-show-udti-ka-naam-rajjo/articleshow/92960472.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 18 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rajveer Singh lost 8 kilos for 'Udti Ka Naam Rajjo' (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-tattle-rajveer-singh-lost-8-kilos-for-udti-ka-naam-rajjo-23238934) " (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-tattle-rajveer-singh-lost-8-kilos-for-udti-ka-naam-rajjo-23238934) . Mid-Day (/wiki/Mid-Day) . 2 August 2022 . Retrieved 28 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-never-get-bored-of-doing-positive-roles-says-rajveer-singh-who-joins-the-cast-of-neerja-ek-nayi-pehchaan/articleshow/100269046.cms) 'I never get bored of doing positive roles,' says Rajveer Singh who joins the cast of Neerja...Ek Nayi Pehchaan" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-never-get-bored-of-doing-positive-roles-says-rajveer-singh-who-joins-the-cast-of-neerja-ek-nayi-pehchaan/articleshow/100269046.cms) . The Times of India . 16 May 2023. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 28 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rajveer Singh On His Role As Abhimanyu In 10:29 Ki Aakhri Dastak: As A Cop, He Maintains A Practical Outlook On Life And Is Not Easily Deceived" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajveer-singh-on-his-role-as-abhimanyu-in-1029-ki-aakhri-dastak-as-a-cop-he-maintains-a-practical-outlook-on-life-and-is-not-easily-deceived/articleshow/110468949.cms) . The Times of India . 27 May 2024 . Retrieved 29 May 2024 . External links [ edit ] Rajveer Singh (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7478785/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐nfxtd Cached time: 20240719210921 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.370 seconds Real time usage: 0.514 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2561/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24448/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3419/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30699/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.212/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5634300/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 483.193 1 -total 42.04% 203.150 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.47% 137.546 1 Template:Reflist 22.57% 109.063 5 Template:Cite_web 16.12% 77.899 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 15.59% 75.340 1 Template:Short_description 11.24% 54.313 1 Template:Marriage 9.21% 44.511 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.79% 42.455 2 Template:Pagetype 7.56% 36.527 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54315337-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719210921 and revision id 1234472991. 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American fashion designer Jeanne S. Campbell (1919–2002) was an American fashion designer active from the 1940s to the 1970s. She was part of the American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) movement alongside Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) and Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) . Biography [ edit ] Jeanne grew up in Pittsburgh, and studied at the Pittsburgh Art Institute (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Art_Institute) . [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) After graduating, she opened her own business in Clearwater, Florida (/wiki/Clearwater,_Florida) , near her family's summer home. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) Following the outbreak of World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , Jeanne joined the Civil Aeronautics Administration (/wiki/Civil_Aeronautics_Administration_(United_States)) as a cartographer (/wiki/Cartographer) , where she met her future husband, Lieutenant Edward A. Campbell. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) They had a son and daughter, Edward and Jean. Jean described her mother as being strong-willed and stern but nontraditional, and fiercely ambitious, maintaining a well-groomed appearance while also being prepared to do hard work herself, such as putting up a ceiling. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) In 1964, Jeanne divorced Edward Campbell, and moved to Westhampton, New York (/wiki/Westhampton,_New_York) , where she ran a bed-and-breakfast business from a house that they had converted there. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) She continued to commute from Westhampton to work until her retirement in 1977, while maintaining the bed-and-breakfast business until shortly before her death. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) Jeanne Campbell died in 2002 following a stroke, aged 82, at her daughter's home in Oxford, New York (/wiki/Oxford,_New_York) , survived by her children and her ex-husband. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) Career [ edit ] The Campbells relocated to New York after the War, and Jeanne started working as a designer for a company called Loomtags. During her time there she won a 1951 Merit Award from Mademoiselle (/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)) , and was recruited the same year to design for Sportswhirl under the "Jeanne Campbell for Sportwhirl” label. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) [2] (#cite_note-jw-2) Campbell was known for her classic, understated designs that were designed to be stylish rather than trendy, and described her work as "a no-age, no-price look, and it's up to the person who wears it to make the look.” [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) One of her signature designs was the sheath dress (/wiki/Sheath_dress) , which she is credited with popularizing. [2] (#cite_note-jw-2) She was credited with helping popularize the market for affordable separates in the mid-20th century. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) Her designs were modeled on magazine covers such as Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , and worn by Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) , Lynda Bird Johnson (/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson) , and Liza Minnelli (/wiki/Liza_Minnelli) . [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) In 1961, Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) cited Campbell as one of the leading designers of junior fashion alongside Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) , Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) and Eloise Curtis; specifically noting Campbell's unusual colour use and surprising fabrics as well as her affordability. [3] (#cite_note-life-3) The four women were also noted as being multiple award-winning "influential stylesetters" who, by wearing their own clothes, proved that wearing "junior fashion" was not about being young, but having the right attitude and personal style. [3] (#cite_note-life-3) Campbell was awarded the 1955 Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for her knit sheaths, and the 1958 American Sportswear Designer of the Year Award from Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) [2] (#cite_note-jw-2) [4] (#cite_note-mcdowell-4) [5] (#cite_note-zill-5) The latter award, which was voted for by six hundred fashion retailers and executives, was the first time that all the winners of the Sports Illustrated Award had been women, with the other recipients being Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) and the swimwear designer Rose Marie Reid (/wiki/Rose_Marie_Reid) , who each received a newly-designed trophy depicting a wire dress form (/wiki/Dress_form) . [5] (#cite_note-zill-5) Campbell's trophy was inscribed "To the women's sportswear designer who, during the past year, has made the most significant contribution to American sportswear through a specific collection, idea or innovation." [5] (#cite_note-zill-5) Later, in 1970, she was one of 15 American designers to be named by Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) as the Women of the Year. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) Campbell retired from Sportwhirl in 1977, but continued to support young designers both in New York at the Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) as an instructor and judge, and regularly traveling abroad as a consultant to fashion industries and a fashion design tutor in Barbados (/wiki/Barbados) and Peru. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) When she died, Parsons established a scholarship in her name. [1] (#cite_note-wwd-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Staff writer (July 30, 2002). "Obituary: Designer Jeanne S. Campbell, Prominent in Fifties Fashion" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/obituary-designer-jeanne-s-campbell-prominent-in-fifties-fashion-755294/) . WWD . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . ^ a b c Walford, Jonathan (October 10, 2012). 1950s American Fashion . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7478-1280-7 . ^ a b Staff writer (August 11, 1961). "Young Fashon's 'Haute Couture' (https://books.google.com/books?id=W1QEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86) " (https://books.google.com/books?id=W1QEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86) . LIFE . Time Inc. p. 86. ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_4-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ a b c Zill, Jo Ahern (June 9, 1958). "Designing Women" (https://vault.si.com/vault/1958/06/09/designing-women) . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://jeannecampbell.com/) v t e American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) 20th century sportswear designers Adri (/wiki/Adrienne_Steckling-Coen) Bill Atkinson (/wiki/Bill_Atkinson_(designer)) Louella Ballerino (/wiki/Louella_Ballerino) Jhane Barnes (/wiki/Jhane_Barnes) Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) Tom Brigance (/wiki/Tom_Brigance) Donald Brooks (/wiki/Donald_Brooks) Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) Jeanne Campbell Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) Muriel King (/wiki/Muriel_King) Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Tina Leser (/wiki/Tina_Leser) Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) Clovis Ruffin (/wiki/Clovis_Ruffin) Giorgio di Sant' Angelo (/wiki/Giorgio_di_Sant%27_Angelo) Carolyn Schnurer (/wiki/Carolyn_Schnurer) Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) Emily Wilkens (/wiki/Emily_Wilkens) Sydney Wragge (/wiki/Sydney_Wragge) Zoran (/wiki/Zoran_(designer)) 21st century sportswear designers Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) Mary Ping (/wiki/Mary_Ping) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Notable designs Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Other associated people Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) Dorothy Shaver (/wiki/Dorothy_Shaver) See also The American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐l2ktd Cached time: 20240713042108 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.274 seconds Real time usage: 0.434 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 774/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20378/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 700/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30096/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.181/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4139129/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 397.472 1 -total 30.53% 121.367 1 Template:Reflist 24.74% 98.339 1 Template:American_sportswear 24.17% 96.080 1 Template:Navbox 20.40% 81.066 1 Template:Cite_news 18.87% 75.020 1 Template:Short_description 18.82% 74.786 1 Template:Official_website 10.38% 41.257 2 Template:Pagetype 5.54% 22.031 5 Template:Main_other 4.96% 19.709 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71437150-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713042108 and revision id 1179058784. 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Fashion editor For the performer, see Patricia Ben Peterson (/wiki/Patricia_Ben_Peterson) . For the Australian academic, see Patricia Petersen (/wiki/Patricia_Petersen) . Patricia Peterson Born Patricia Louis ( 1926-06-06 ) June 6, 1926 Chicago, Illinois Occupation(s) Fashion Editor, N.Y. Times; [1] (#cite_note-Svachula_2018-1) Vice President, Henri Bendel [2] (#cite_note-Markus_1983-2) Spouse Ward (“Tod”) V. Evans Jr. ​ ​ ( m. 1950; div. 1953) ​ Gösta Peterson (/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Peterson) ​ ​ ( m. 1954; died 2017) ​ Children Jan Peterson Annika Peterson Relatives Melissa Shook (/wiki/Melissa_Shook) (cousin) Patricia Peterson (b. Patricia Louis, June 6, 1926, Chicago, Illinois) was fashion editor for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) from 1957 to 1977 and Vice President, Advertising, Fashion and Promotion for Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) , a women's department store in New York City from 1977 to 1989. [2] (#cite_note-Markus_1983-2) Early career [ edit ] Patricia Peterson began her career in fashion as the fashion editor of the Purple Parrot , the Northwestern University (/wiki/Northwestern_University) student newspaper, in 1946. After graduating from Northwestern University in June 1948, she worked for Marshall Fields in Chicago in fashion merchandising. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1950, she moved to New York City and soon after, her friend fashion editor Nonnie Moore (/wiki/Nonnie_Moore) suggested Peterson join the staff of Mademoiselle . In 1953, Peterson was listed in the Mademoiselle masthead as a fashion associate under the name Pat Evans. [4] (#cite_note-4) At the time Peterson resigned, she was Mademoiselle’s fashion and merchandise editor. [5] (#cite_note-5) The New York Times [ edit ] Dorothy (Hawkins) Le Sueur brought Peterson to The New York Times in December 1956 to serve as assistant fashion editor as part of the Food, Fashions, Family, Furnishings section. Peterson was named fashion editor when Hawkins resigned as fashion editor in April 1957. Upon her appointment, Times Talk, The New York Times employee newsletter, announced, “Mrs. Peterson now heads a department of twelve women. She supervises and directs the shooting of the more than 1,000 fashion pictures the department takes each year for the daily and Sunday papers and for special fashion sections. She is responsible, too, for coverage of the wholesale market, retail stores, and all other sources of fashion news.” [6] (#cite_note-6) As fashion editor, Peterson was responsible for reporting on the European fashion collections in France, London, and Italy [7] (#cite_note-7) and covered important designers like Coco Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and others. Of her meeting with Mlle Chanel in 1958, Peterson wrote: At 75 years of age she is still a stunning woman whose swift instincts about fashion never have been dimmed or repressed. Her eyes, black as bits of coal, and her long, strong hands are never still. She is a woman whose creativity is directed toward one point of view. Her drive is endless and, because of this, her clothes have spanned two generations and will continue to influence those of the future. This is the essenge of the ageless Chanel. [8] (#cite_note-8) Patricia Peterson changed the way fashion trends were documented in The New York Times . Instead of using the paper's news photographers, she introduced a wave of top-notch fashion photographers and artists to The New York Times including Diane Arbus (/wiki/Diane_Arbus) , George Barkentin, Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) , Guy Bourdin (/wiki/Guy_Bourdin) , Gleb Derujinsky (/wiki/Gleb_Derujinsky) , Louis Faurer (/wiki/Louis_Faurer) Hiro (photographer) (/wiki/Hiro_(photographer)) (Yasuhiro Wakabayashi), Saul Leiter (/wiki/Saul_Leiter) , Duane Michals (/wiki/Duane_Michals) , James Moore, Tom Palumbo (/wiki/Tom_Palumbo) , her husband Gösta Peterson (/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Peterson) , Francesco Scavullo (/wiki/Francesco_Scavullo) , Bill Silano, and Melvin Sokolsky (/wiki/Melvin_Sokolsky) . She also frequently used Andy Warhol for illustrations in the late 1950s and early 1960s. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Marylin Bender (/wiki/Marylin_Bender) wrote, "Patricia Peterson loved fashion but formed no entangling alliances within the industry. She was one of the first fashion editors to grasp the portent of Courrèges." [11] (#cite_note-11) While at the Times, she frequently argued with Charlotte Curtis (/wiki/Charlotte_Curtis) , editor of "Women's News." According to an interview, Curtis said, "When are you going to get real clothes for real women, Pat?" Pat replied, "I told her I wasn't here to work as a consumer service, but to show what's happening in fashion, to report news." [12] (#cite_note-12) Peterson married Gösta “Gus” Peterson in 1954. While at The New York Times , Patricia Peterson and Gösta Peterson frequently collaborated with each other. [13] (#cite_note-Roberts_2017-13) Their son, Jan Peterson, appeared in several of Peterson's articles about children's fashion. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Peterson, with her husband, is responsible for the first major U.S. fashion magazine cover with mixed-race readership to feature an identifiably Black model, Naomi Sims, which was published in the August 27, 1967 edition of Fashions of the Times, The New York Times Magazine . [13] (#cite_note-Roberts_2017-13) Peterson recruited Andrea “Andy” Skinner from Mademoiselle to work on children's fashions; Skinner and Peterson diversified the race of children photographed in the fashion section. [16] (#cite_note-16) Carrie Donovan (/wiki/Carrie_Donovan) and Bernadine Morris (/wiki/Bernadine_Morris) worked as fashion reporters during Peterson's tenure as fashion editor. [1] (#cite_note-Svachula_2018-1) According to a letter from Diane Arbus to Allan Arbus, in January 1970, Peterson wished to use Arbus's photo of a black girl and a white boy holding hands for the March 15, 1970, cover of the Children's Fashion section of the NY Times Magazine. The [New York] Times pics were rather lousy and there was a bit of trouble, Pat said it was because the cover photo was of a black girl and a white boy about 4 years old, holding hands. Pat has been incredibly sweet. They wanted a retake which I think she has effectively blocked. . . I am pretty calm about the whole thing. She was full of appreciation for the most minor virtues of the photos. And believe me they were minor. . . and as for the miscegenation, junior style, it may end up being regarded as a major civil rights breakthrough, if they finally let it pass. [17] (#cite_note-17) The New York Times ultimately featured a photograph of a white girl with her arm draped around a white boy's shoulder instead of the cover Peterson had fought for. The photograph Arbus described of black and white children holding hands does not appear at all. [18] (#cite_note-18) Peterson was fashion editor during the time that pants were becoming acceptable for women to wear in the United States, and several of The New York Times articles during her tenure debated the wearing of pants. [19] (#cite_note-19) Peterson's crisp writing found its way into multiple dictionary definitions. In a 1965 article about French designers including Guy Laroche, she wrote, "Hems, cuffs, collars and jackets often dripped with fringe," [20] (#cite_note-20) which was later used in the definition of the word "drip" in The World Book Dictionary. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 1976, Peterson wrote, "Colors are clean whites, creamy ivories, port. naturals, rich earth tones and crisp brights," [22] (#cite_note-22) which was later used in the definition of the word "bright" in Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. [23] (#cite_note-23) The Second Barnhart Dictionary of New English uses Peterson's quotes in the definitions of "clam diggers" [24] (#cite_note-24) and "unconstructed." [25] (#cite_note-25) Henri Bendel [ edit ] In 1977, Geraldine Stutz (/wiki/Geraldine_Stutz) recruited Patricia Peterson to work for Henri Bendel, where Peterson worked as vice president in charge of Advertising, Fashion and Promotion until her retirement in 1989. During her tenure, Peterson invited guest artists, such as Edward Gorey (/wiki/Edward_Gorey) and Candy Pratts, to create Bendel's famous window displays. [26] (#cite_note-26) She and her husband, Gösta Peterson (/wiki/G%C3%B6sta_Peterson) , created a weekly ad campaign for Bendel's that ran as a half-page in The New York Times each Sunday. [27] (#cite_note-27) Of her partnership with her husband on the Bendel's ad campaign, she said, “Gus is very easy to work with, and our roles are clearly defined. I figure out the space with the Times, handle the clothes and styling, and make sure everything gets to the studio with the models. The rest is up to Gus. No one else looks into the camera or directs the models." [2] (#cite_note-Markus_1983-2) Peterson retired from Bendel's in 1989. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Svachula, Amanda (September 20, 2018). "When The Times Kept Female Reporters Upstairs" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/20/insider/times-womens-section-female-reporters.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved October 8, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Markus, David (December 1983). "Inside Advertising". American Photographer . pp. 128–130. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Times Talk" (Document). The New York Times. May 1957. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Masthead". Mademoiselle . October 1953. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Masthead". Mademoiselle . January 1954. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Times Talk" (Document). The New York Times. May 1957. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hart, Harold H. (1964). Hart's Guide to New York City . p. 853. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Peterson, Patricia (August 28, 1958). "Paris: The Chanel Look Remains Indestructible Despite Style Fluctuations" (https://www.nytimes.com/1958/08/28/archives/paris-the-chanel-look-remains-indestructible-despite-style.html) . The New York Times . p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Peterson, Patricia (March 3, 1961). "The Chic Women Know Who Silvia Is" (https://www.nytimes.com/1961/03/03/archives/the-chic-women-know-who-silvia-is-shoe-designer-is-used-to-having.html) . The New York Times . p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Peterson, Patricia (August 25, 1957). "En Route to Fall". The New York Times Magazine Fashions of the Times . pp. 19–79, Section 6, Part 2. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bender, Marylin (1967). The Beautiful People . Coward-MCCann. p. 87. ASIN (/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)) B001Q8MM7O (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001Q8MM7O) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 566716 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/566716) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Lobenthal, Joel (1990). Radical Rags of the 1960s . p. 167. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0896599302 . ^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, Sam (August 2, 2017). "Gösta Peterson, Barrier-Breaking Fashion Photographer, Dies at 94" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/arts/gosta-peterson-barrier-breaking-fashion-photographer-dies-at-94.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved October 7, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Peterson, Patricia (March 16, 1969). "Ready for Action". The New York Times Magazine (part 2) Children’s Fashions supplement . pp. 27, 30, 58. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Peterson, Patricia (August 15, 1965). "The With-It Kids". The New York Times Magazine . pp. 45, 51. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Robertson, Nan (1992). The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men, and the New York Times . Random House. p. 174. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 039458452X . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Sussman, Elisabeth, ed. (2011). Diane Arbus: A Chronology, 1923-1971 . Aperture. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781597111799 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Peterson, Patricia (March 15, 1970). "Looking to Summer". The New York Times Magazine, Children’s Fashions supplement . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Voss, Kimberly (2021). "Who's Wearing the Pants? How the New York Times Reported the Changing Dress of Women". Newspaper Fashion Editors in the 1950s and 60s . Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–13. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3030736231 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Peterson, Patricia (January 30, 1965). "Soft Dress Takes Over Spotlight at Chanel and Cardin Shows" (https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/30/archives/soft-dress-takes-over-spotlight-at-chanel-and-cardin-shows.html) . The New York Times . p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-21) The World Book Dictionary . Field Enterprises Educational Corp. 1974. p. 642. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Peterson, Patricia (February 29, 1976). "The Sexy Season". The New York Times . p. 189. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "bright". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary . Merriam-Webster. 2003. p. 155. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0877798087 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "clam diggers". The Second Barnhart Dictionary of New English . Harper Collins. 1980. p. 106. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780060101541 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "unconstructed". The Second Barnhart Dictionary of New English . Harper Collins. 1980. p. 486. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780060101541 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Dullea, Georgia (June 3, 1978). "Gorey Turns His Talent to Window Shudders" (https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/03/archives/gorey-turns-his-talent-to-window-shudders-favorable-reviews-three.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-27) Crocker, Lizzie (September 10, 2014). "Gosta Peterson's Bohemian Rhapsody: Unpacking a Photographer's '60s Secrets" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/gosta-petersons-bohemian-rhapsody-unpacking-a-photographers-60s-secrets) . The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) . Retrieved October 8, 2023 . 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Italian fashion line GCDS Industry Fashion Founded 2015 Founders Giuliano Calza Giordano Calza Headquarters Milan, Italy (/wiki/Milan,_Italy) Website gcds (http://gcds.it) .it (http://gcds.it) GCDS is an Italian fashion line. The name stands for Giuliano Calza Design Studio. History [ edit ] GCDS was founded in 2015 by brothers Giuliano and Giordano Calza in Milan, Italy (/wiki/Milan,_Italy) . The first pieces of clothing developed by the line were sweatshirts with the GCDS logo on the front. [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) There were only 100 sweatshirts made in the first attempt. At the time the shirts were made in China, however the line is now made entirely in Italy. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-2) Initially the company only sold its products online, before being picked up by retail locations. [3] (#cite_note-3) Company overview [ edit ] Giuliano Calza is the label's creative director, and Giordano Calza is the label's chief executive officer. [4] (#cite_note-Business-4) In 2016 GCDS opened its first flagship store in Piazza Gae Aulenti (/wiki/Piazza_Gae_Aulenti) . [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) In 2017 sales for the company reached €5 million, [4] (#cite_note-Business-4) growing to €10 million in 2018, and in 2018 its clothing was available in about 350 retail locations. [5] (#cite_note-MFF-5) The company has store locations in Italy, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Beijing. [6] (#cite_note-6) The brand name is more commonly known as “Giuliano Calza Design Studio”, "God Can't Destroy Streetwear", "Girls Can Desire Sex" “Giuliano Calza Does SpongeBob”, Collections [ edit ] Soon after founding, the company expanded its clothing items to include t-shirts, jackets, [5] (#cite_note-MFF-5) raincoats, and other garments. It now creates a Spring/Summer line, [7] (#cite_note-Ten-7) Men's wear line, [8] (#cite_note-8) Fall/Winter line, its "Skater or die" collection, and some limited edition collaborations, such as its “Made in LA” line. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-2) They also create accessories [9] (#cite_note-9) and in 2018 they released their first children's wear collection GCDS Mini. [10] (#cite_note-10) GCDS exhibits its new seasons at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , [1] (#cite_note-Elle-1) and has shown at the New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) as well. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-2) The 2019 Spring/Summer collection was inspired by a science fiction motif, specifically the 1980s and 1990s, in addition to cartoons and manga. [7] (#cite_note-Ten-7) As a part of the runway show, some models walking the catwalk were fitted with a third prosthetic breast. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2019 GCDS released a line of lipsticks called GCDS Beauty, which included a lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) called THC and which contains a PH reagent that causes a chemical color change in the lips. [12] (#cite_note-12) In November 2021, the label launched a collection in collaboration with Bratz (/wiki/Bratz) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) In March 2022, the label collaborated with One Piece (/wiki/One_Piece) for its Spring/Summer 2022 collection. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Nuzzi, Di Valentina (9 April 2018). "In viaggio con GCDS --> I 5 indirizzi del cuore di Giuliano Calza di GCDS da segnare in agenda" (https://www.elle.com/it/lifestyle/viaggi/g19699417/giuliano-calza-gcds-indirizzi/) . ELLE. ^ a b c "Un'intervista esclusiva a Giuliano Calza di GCDS" (https://www.vogue.it/moda/news/2017/07/04/unintervista-esclusiva-giuliano-calza-gcds) . Vogue Italia. 4 July 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Street Style Star-Approved Brand That Won't Break the Bank" (https://www.allure.com/story/gcds-streetwear-brand-to-know) . Allure. 15 November 2016. ^ a b "Giuliano Calzais One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2018" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/giuliano-calza) . The Business of Fashion. ^ a b "The Next 100 Italy: Giuliano Calza" (https://www.mffashion.com/news/english/the-next-100-italy-giuliano-calza-201809221812092763) . MFFashion.com. 2018-09-22 . Retrieved 2022-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) WW, FashionNetwork com. "GCDS: A fashionable immigrant story in reverse" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Gcds-a-fashionable-immigrant-story-in-reverse,1245832.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2022-07-25 . ^ a b "Three Breasts Are Better Than Two, Apparently" (https://tendaily.com.au/lifestyle/style/a180925spv/three-breasts-are-better-than-two-apparently-20180925) . 10 daily. 25 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "GCDS – Spring Summer 2018 – Men Fashion Shows – Vogue.it" (https://www.vogue.it/en/uomo-vogue/shows/show/spring-summer-18/gcds) . www.vogue.it . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Ruggeri, Di Angelo (4 May 2018). "Giuliano Calza: "Ecco perché tutti amano lo streetwear" (https://www.esquire.com/it/stile/moda-uomo/a20149752/giuliano-calza-gcds/) " (https://www.esquire.com/it/stile/moda-uomo/a20149752/giuliano-calza-gcds/) . Esquire. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Carrera, Martino (14 June 2018). "GCDS Introduces Children's Wear" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/gcds-introduces-children-wear-1202708948/) . Women's Wear Daily. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Baty, Emma (24 September 2018). "So Um, Models with Three Breasts Just Walked the Runway at Milan Fashion Week" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/fashion/a23416255/three-breast-models-gcds-runway-milan-fashion-week/) . Cosmopolitan. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Lanigan, Roisin; Napoli, SAGG (12 November 2018). "giuliano calza unveils gcds beauty, its new and colorful project" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/wj3qk5/giuliano-calza-unveils-gcds-beauty-its-new-and-colorful-project) . Vice. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Giuliano Calza's GCDS and Bratz Unveil New Collab Collection That Puts Emphasis on Inclusive Fashion" (https://www.complex.com/style/giuliano-calza-gcds-bratz-new-collab-collection-inclusive-fashion) . Complex . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Passion for fashion! Bratz get a whole new look courtesy of GCDS" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/54935/1/passion-for-fashion-bratz-get-a-whole-new-look-courtesy-of-gcds-giuliano-calza) . Dazed . 2021-12-01 . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) " (https://hypebeast.com/2022/3/one-piece-gcds-japanese-manga-series-collaboration-collection-release-information) 'One Piece' x GCDS Is for the Die-Hard Manga Fans" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/3/one-piece-gcds-japanese-manga-series-collaboration-collection-release-information) . HYPEBEAST . 2022-03-28 . Retrieved 2022-07-25 . 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French socialites (/wiki/Socialite) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6758b554dc‐gf5pq Cached time: 20240701194114 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3420053-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701194114 and revision id 924026019. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. F French salon-holders (/wiki/Category:French_salon-holders) ‎ (118 P) P Socialites from Paris (/wiki/Category:Socialites_from_Paris) ‎ (1 C, 22 P) Pages in category "French socialites" The following 54 pages are in this category, out of 54 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Marie Angliviel de la Beaumelle (/wiki/Marie_Angliviel_de_la_Beaumelle) B Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa (/wiki/Jean-Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_Bokassa) Georgina Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Georgina_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Muriel Brandolini (/wiki/Muriel_Brandolini) Lisette de Brinon (/wiki/Lisette_de_Brinon) C Hermine de Clermont-Tonnerre (/wiki/Hermine_de_Clermont-Tonnerre) Iris Clert (/wiki/Iris_Clert) Roberta Dodd Crawford (/wiki/Roberta_Dodd_Crawford) Suzanne Curchod (/wiki/Suzanne_Curchod) Delphine de Custine (/wiki/Delphine_de_Custine) D Adèle de Bellegarde (/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_Bellegarde) Cécile Irène Gelabale (/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ir%C3%A8ne_Gelabale) Elsie de Wolfe (/wiki/Elsie_de_Wolfe) Françoise Eléonore Dejean de Manville (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_El%C3%A9onore_Dejean_de_Manville) Madame du Barry (/wiki/Madame_du_Barry) E Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_Ephrussi_de_Rothschild) F Claire De Forbin (/wiki/Claire_De_Forbin) Vincent Fourcade (/wiki/Vincent_Fourcade) G Florence Gould (/wiki/Florence_Gould) Élisabeth Greffulhe (/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Greffulhe) Dolores Guinness (/wiki/Dolores_Guinness) Nicolas de Gunzburg (/wiki/Nicolas_de_Gunzburg) H Kojo Tovalou Houénou (/wiki/Kojo_Tovalou_Hou%C3%A9nou) Jeanne Hugo (/wiki/Jeanne_Hugo) Léopoldine Hugo (/wiki/L%C3%A9opoldine_Hugo) L Lucie de la Falaise (/wiki/Lucie_de_la_Falaise) Geneviève Lantelme (/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Lantelme) Victoria de Lesseps (/wiki/Victoria_de_Lesseps) Yola Letellier (/wiki/Yola_Letellier) M Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) Ghislaine Maxwell (/wiki/Ghislaine_Maxwell) Pauline Ménard-Dorian (/wiki/Pauline_M%C3%A9nard-Dorian) Robert de Montesquiou (/wiki/Robert_de_Montesquiou) Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) Mathilde de Morny (/wiki/Mathilde_de_Morny) N Charles de Noailles (/wiki/Charles_de_Noailles) Marie-Laure de Noailles (/wiki/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles) O Athina Onassis (/wiki/Athina_Onassis) P Natalia Pavlovna Paley (/wiki/Natalia_Pavlovna_Paley) Claude Pompidou (/wiki/Claude_Pompidou) Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar (/wiki/Princess_Marie-Louise_of_Madagascar) R Jacqueline de Ribes (/wiki/Jacqueline_de_Ribes) Marie-Hélène de Rothschild (/wiki/Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_de_Rothschild) Pauline de Rothschild (/wiki/Pauline_de_Rothschild) Philippe de Rothschild (/wiki/Philippe_de_Rothschild) Salomon James de Rothschild (/wiki/Salomon_James_de_Rothschild) S Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux (/wiki/Marguerite_de_Saint-Marceaux) Misia Sert (/wiki/Misia_Sert) T Thérésa Tallien (/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien) Mary Teissier (/wiki/Mary_Teissier) Violet Trefusis (/wiki/Violet_Trefusis) W Henriette Louise de Waldner de Freundstein (/wiki/Henriette_Louise_de_Waldner_de_Freundstein) Francine Weisweiller (/wiki/Francine_Weisweiller) Z Hélène van Zuylen (/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_van_Zuylen) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_socialites&oldid=924026019 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_socialites&oldid=924026019) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French people by occupation (/wiki/Category:French_people_by_occupation) Socialites by nationality (/wiki/Category:Socialites_by_nationality)
Russian and Soviet military jacket Vladimir Lenin's french (1920s) Alexander Kerensky (/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky) in a french French (Russian: френч ) was the designation of a particular type of military jacket or tunic in the Russian Empire (/wiki/Russian_Empire) and later in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics) (USSR). In the years immediately preceding the start of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , several new models of khaki-grey uniform jackets were adopted in Russia for service wear by Imperial Army officers. In most cases these were related to (and influenced by) the latest creations in the armies of France (/wiki/France) and the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . These loose-fitting and practical garments received the collective designation french in tribute to the supreme commander of the British Expeditionary Force (/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)) to France, field marshal (/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)) John French (/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres) . Illustration of John French (/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres) , in his eponymous jacket, 1900 The main features of the french were as follows: soft collar – turndown version or standing version with button fastening, cuffs (/wiki/Cuff) adjustable with the use of martingales (/wiki/Martingale_(clothing)) or buttons four big pockets (appliquéd, with buttons) with flaps (two upper chest, two below). In the Red Army (/wiki/Red_Army) of the Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) it was usually worn by commanding officers, chiefs and political officers and from 1924 to 1943. In the air force there was a limited number of frenches regularly worn by British officers. It was characterised by an open collar, to be worn with tie or scarf. Evolution to the Stalin tunic [ edit ] The French tunic eventually evolved in the 1920s to the Stalin tunic (/wiki/Stalin_tunic) , which was adopted by several political leaders, such as Joseph Stalin (/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) . References [ edit ] Френч (https://web.archive.org/web/20150923053751/https://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2/) . // Крысин Л.П. Толковый словарь иноязычных слов. — Эксмо, 2008. — 944 с. "french" (http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&word=%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87) френч . Большой толковый словарь (in Russian) . Retrieved 8 September 2017 – via gramota.ru. Военная куртка в талию с четырьмя накладными карманами и хлястиком сзади. По имени командующего английскими экспедиционными войсками в первую мировую войну фельдмаршала Дж.Френча (1852 - 1925) [A waist-length military tunic with four patch pockets and half belt on the back. Named for the commander of the English expeditionary forces in the First World War Field Marshal J. French (1852–1925)] See also [ edit ] Military uniform (/wiki/Military_uniform) List of Russian inventions (/wiki/List_of_Russian_inventions) v t e Russian handicrafts (/wiki/Handicraft) Decorative arts (/wiki/Decorative_arts) Gorodets painting (/wiki/Gorodets_painting) Gzhel (/wiki/Gzhel) Filimonovo toy (/wiki/Filimonovo_toy) Kholmogory bone carving (/wiki/Kholmogory_bone_carving) Khokhloma (/wiki/Khokhloma) Russian lacquer art (/wiki/Russian_lacquer_art) Fedoskino miniature (/wiki/Fedoskino_miniature) Kholuy miniature (/wiki/Kholuy_miniature) Mstyora miniature (/wiki/Mstyora_miniature) Palekh miniature (/wiki/Palekh_miniature) Russian icons (/wiki/Russian_icons) Zhostovo painting (/wiki/Zhostovo_painting) Tableware (/wiki/Tableware) Kasli iron sculpture (/wiki/Kasli_iron_sculpture) Faceted glass (/wiki/Faceted_glass) Podstakannik (/wiki/Podstakannik) Samovar (/wiki/Samovar) Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Afghanka (/wiki/Afghanka) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) French Gymnastyorka (/wiki/Gymnastyorka) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Pavlovo Posad shawl (/wiki/Pavlovo_Posad_shawl) Peaked cap (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Podvorotnichok (/wiki/Podvorotnichok) Russian lace (/wiki/Russian_lace) Sailor cap (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Stalinka (/wiki/Stalin_tunic) Telnyashka (/wiki/Telnyashka) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Valenki (/wiki/Valenki) Musical (/wiki/Musical_instrument) instruments (/wiki/Musical_instrument) Balalaika (/wiki/Balalaika) Garmon (/wiki/Garmon) Gusli (/wiki/Gusli) Bayan (/wiki/Bayan_(accordion)) Russian guitar (/wiki/Russian_guitar) Musical spoons (/wiki/Spoon_(musical_instrument)) Treshchotka (/wiki/Treshchotka) Toys (/wiki/Toy) Bird of Happiness (/wiki/Bird_of_Happiness_(toy)) Cheburashka (/wiki/Cheburashka) Filimonovo toy (/wiki/Filimonovo_toy) Dymkovo toys (/wiki/Dymkovo_toys) Kargopol toys (/wiki/Kargopol_toys) Matryoshka doll (/wiki/Matryoshka_doll) Petrushka (/wiki/Petrushka) Other Izba (/wiki/Izba) Fabergé egg (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg) Shashka (/wiki/Shashka) Tula pryanik (/wiki/Tula_pryanik) Vyazma pryanik (/wiki/Vyazma_pryanik) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐b2f6v Cached time: 20240712172648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.451 seconds Real time usage: 0.590 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 378/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15330/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 539/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10633/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.362/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14991142/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 517.585 1 -total 29.19% 151.108 1 Template:Lang-rus 28.74% 148.752 1 Template:Language_with_name 28.45% 147.271 1 Template:Russian_souvenirs 28.34% 146.683 1 Template:Lang 27.68% 143.245 1 Template:Navbox 25.78% 133.458 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia 15.72% 81.371 1 Template:Short_description 9.14% 47.300 2 Template:Pagetype 3.97% 20.524 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52461763-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712172648 and revision id 1223244246. 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British designer clothing retailer Coggles Industry Online shopping (/wiki/Online_shopping) Founded 1974 ; 50 years ago ( 1974 ) in York (/wiki/York) , England Founder Victoria Bage Products Designer clothing (/wiki/Designer_clothing) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) and homeware (/wiki/Home_accessories) Owner THG plc (/wiki/THG_plc) Website coggles (http://coggles.com) .com (http://coggles.com) Coggles is a British designer clothing (/wiki/Designer_clothing) retailer. It was founded by Victoria Bage in 1974 and bought out of administration by THG plc (/wiki/THG_plc) in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-THG_acquisition-1) History [ edit ] Coggles was founded by Victoria Bage in York (/wiki/York) in 1974. Bage stated that she named the company after a woman who was allegedly having an affair with Bage's husband. [2] (#cite_note-2) Bage's son, Mark Bage, modernised the shop and launched an online store in 2006. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Coggles entered administration (/wiki/Administration_in_United_Kingdom_law) in 2013. The physical stores were liquidated and the online side business sold to the e-commerce retailer, The Hut Group (/wiki/The_Hut_Group) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [1] (#cite_note-THG_acquisition-1) In December 2017, the company opened its first physical shop since 2013 in Alderley Edge (/wiki/Alderley_Edge) , Cheshire. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b "The Hut Group buys Coggles from administration" (https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/the-hut-group-buys-coggles-from-administration-20131906492214) . Fashion United. 19 June 2013 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Story Behind Sarah Coggles" (http://www.coggles.com/life/fashion/features/the-story-behind-sarah-coggles.list) . Coggles . June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Men's Style Q&A: Mark Bage of Coggles" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9219527/Mens-style-QandA-Mark-Bage-of-Coggles.html) . The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Shop Lands Britain's Best Boutique Title" (http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/1952353.display/) . The York Press . 9 January 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Sarah Coggles, York" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/sarah-coggles-york/902819.fullarticle) . Drapers . 10 March 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Coggles to Become an Online Fashoin Star Following Rescue" (http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/coggles-to-become-an-online-fashion-star-following-rescue-1-6055788) . The Yorkshire Post . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Coggles returns to physical retail with Cheshire flagship" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2017/12/coggles-returns-physical-retail-cheshire-flagship/) . Retail Gazette . 4 December 2017. 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National costumes of Poland vary by region Opoczno (/wiki/Opoczno) and Piotrków County (/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_County) in central Poland Bytom (/wiki/Bytom) , Upper Silesia Łowicz (/wiki/%C5%81owicz) National costumes of Poland (Polish: stroje ludowe ) vary by region. They are typically not worn in daily life but at folk festivals, folk weddings, religious holidays, harvest festivals (/wiki/Do%C5%BCynki) and other special occasions. [1] (#cite_note-pmew-1) The costumes may reflect region and sometimes social or marital status. [1] (#cite_note-pmew-1) Poland's inhabitants live in the following historic regions of the country: Greater Poland (/wiki/Greater_Poland) , Lesser Poland (/wiki/Lesser_Poland) , Mazovia (/wiki/Mazovia) , Pomerania (/wiki/Pomerania) , Warmia (/wiki/Warmia) , Masuria (/wiki/Masuria) , Podlachia (/wiki/Podlachia) , Kuyavia (/wiki/Kuyavia) and Silesia (/wiki/Silesia) . Lesser Poland / Małopolska [ edit ] Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) region: [2] (#cite_note-krakow-2) The woman's costume includes a white blouse, a vest that is embroidered and beaded on front and back, a floral full skirt, an apron, a red coral bead necklace, and lace-up boots. Unmarried women and girls may wear a flower wreath with ribbons while married women wear a white kerchief on their head. The men wear a blue waistcoat with embroidery and tassels, striped trousers, a krakuska cap ornamented with ribbons and peacock feathers and metal rings attached to the belt. Lachy Sądeckie (/wiki/Lachy_S%C4%85deckie) live in southern Lesser Poland, especially in Nowy Sącz County (/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz_County) and Kotlina Sądecka. Western Kraków region Eastern Kraków region Kraków region Lachy Sądeckie men's costume Lachy Sądeckie, including married woman's costume Lachy Sądeckie, including unmarried woman's costume Lesser Poland Gorals / Górale [ edit ] Gorals (/wiki/Gorals) live in southern Poland along the Carpathian Mountains (/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains) , in Podhale (/wiki/Podhale) of the Tatra Mountains (/wiki/Tatra_Mountains) and parts of the Beskids (/wiki/Beskids) . Their costumes vary depending on the region. [3] (#cite_note-gph-3) Żywiec (/wiki/%C5%BBywiec) Żywiec Podhale Zakopane (/wiki/Zakopane) (1938) Szczawnica (/wiki/Szczawnica) (1939) Gorals from Cieszyn Silesia (/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesia) Tatra (/wiki/Tatra_Mountains) Gorals in 1877 Żywiec Gorals in 2016 Żywiec Gorals in traditional costume Podhale Gorals in traditional costume Subcarpathian region / Podkarpacie [ edit ] Rzeszów (/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w) [4] (#cite_note-rzeszow-4) Uplanders (/wiki/Pog%C3%B3rzanie) Lasowiacy Pogórzanie Pogórzanie Rzeszowiacy Pogórzanie Sanok (Kamraty) Lasowiacy (Mazurians) Rymanów (Pogórzanie) Liszna (Sanok) Lemkos (/wiki/Lemkos) from Mokre, Sanok County (/wiki/Mokre,_Sanok_County) Lemkos from Przemyśl (/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl) Lublin region [ edit ] Lublin (/wiki/Lublin) region is represented by the Krzczonów folk costume [5] (#cite_note-lublin-5) Biłgoraj (/wiki/Bi%C5%82goraj) [6] (#cite_note-bilgoraj-6) Lublin (/wiki/Lublin) region Lublin Biłgoraj (/wiki/Bi%C5%82goraj) Biłgoraj Silesia / Śląsk [ edit ] Bytom (/wiki/Bytom) / Piekary Śląskie (/wiki/Piekary_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie) in Upper Silesia [7] (#cite_note-bytom-7) Cieszyn Silesia (/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesia) , see Main article: Cieszyn folk costume (/wiki/Cieszyn_folk_costume) Lower Silesia (/wiki/Lower_Silesia) Cieszyn Silesia (/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesia) Lower Silesia Wilamowice (/wiki/Wilamowice) , Vilamovians Pomerania / Pomorze, Kujawy, Warmia [ edit ] Kashubians (/wiki/Kashubians) inhabit Kashubia (/wiki/Kashubia) in north-central Poland. [8] (#cite_note-kasz-8) Kujawy (/wiki/Kujawy) [9] (#cite_note-kujawy-9) Pyrzyce (/wiki/Pyrzyce) [10] (#cite_note-pyrzyce-10) Warmia (/wiki/Warmia) [11] (#cite_note-warmia-11) Kashubia (/wiki/Kashubia) Kashubia Kujawy (/wiki/Kujawy) Masovia and central Poland [ edit ] Places in Masovia (/wiki/Masovia) with distinctive costumes include: Łowicz (/wiki/%C5%81owicz) [12] (#cite_note-low1-12) [13] (#cite_note-low2-13) [14] (#cite_note-low3-14) Kurpie (/wiki/Kurpie) of the Green and White Primeval Forests [1] (#cite_note-pmew-1) [15] (#cite_note-kpz-15) [16] (#cite_note-kpb-16) Wilanow (/wiki/Wilanow) Opoczno (/wiki/Opoczno) [17] (#cite_note-opoczno-17) Sieradz (/wiki/Sieradz) [18] (#cite_note-sieradz-18) Łowicz (/wiki/%C5%81owicz) Kurpie Opoczno (/wiki/Opoczno) Central Green Forest Kurpie (/wiki/Kurpie) Green Forest Kurpie in 1913 Podlaskie / Podlasie [ edit ] Podlasie (/wiki/Podlasie) Podlasie Stare Lewkowo (/wiki/Stare_Lewkowo) Greater Poland / Wielkopolska [ edit ] Bambrzy (/wiki/Bambrzy) [19] (#cite_note-wielko-19) Szamotuly (/wiki/Szamotuly) [19] (#cite_note-wielko-19) Biskupianski [19] (#cite_note-wielko-19) Bambrzy (/wiki/Bambrzy) wearing unmarried woman's headpiece Married attire from Krobia (/wiki/Krobia) Upper class [ edit ] The szlachta (/wiki/Polish_nobility) were Polish nobles and had their own attire which included the kontusz (/wiki/Kontusz) , pas kontuszowy (sash) (/wiki/Pas_kontuszowy_(sash)) and a crimson żupan (/wiki/%C5%BBupan) . [20] (#cite_note-szlachta-20) Nobility Bractwo Kurkowe (Kraków) Bractwo Kurkowe (Kraków) 17th century Żywiec (/wiki/%C5%BBywiec) Żywiec King Stanisław I (/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_I) in a Cracovian costume Burghers [ edit ] Mieszczanie were Polish burghers (/wiki/Burgher_(title)) , among whom in 18th century czamaras (/wiki/Czamara) gained a lot of popularity (especially in the Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) region, hence the alternative name Kraków coat for czamara). In 19th century czamara became a Polish national and patriotic attire. [21] (#cite_note-21) Men in czamaras Man wearing a czamara See also [ edit ] Polish folk dances (/wiki/Polish_folk_dances) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Polish Folk Costumes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130306011516/http://ethnomuseum.website.pl/doc_340-_polish-folk-costumes.html) . The State Ethnographical Museum in Warsaw). Archived from the original (http://ethnomuseum.website.pl/doc_340-_polish-folk-costumes.html) on 2013-03-06 . Retrieved 2012-05-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-krakow_2-0) "opis stroju krakowskiego" (http://polalech.pl/krakowski-opis.htm) [Description of Kraków folk costume] (in Polish). polalech. ^ (#cite_ref-gph_3-0) Sieczka, Katarzyna. "Podhalański strój ludowy i jego wytwórcy u progu XXI w." (http://z-ne.pl/s,doc,22164,1,1400,poszczegOlne_elementy_stroju_gOrali_podhalaNskich.html) [Podhale folk costume] (in Polish). z-ne.pl. ^ (#cite_ref-rzeszow_4-0) "STRÓJ RZESZOWSKI" (http://www.interklasa.pl/portal/dokumenty/r018/main.php?page=sr) [Rzeszów folk costume] (in Polish). Folklor Powiatu Debickiego. ^ (#cite_ref-lublin_5-0) "opis stroju lubelskiego" (http://polalech.pl/lubelski-opis.htm) [Description of Lublin folk costume] (in Polish). polalech. ^ (#cite_ref-bilgoraj_6-0) "Strój Biłgorajski" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/galicja/111-stroj-bilgorajski.html) [Biłgoraj folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ (#cite_ref-bytom_7-0) "opis stroju bytomskiego" (http://polalech.pl/bytomski-opis.htm) [Description of Bytom folk costume] (in Polish). polalech. ^ (#cite_ref-kasz_8-0) "Ubiór Kaszubski" (http://www.kaszuby.vsp.pl/index.php?str=text&c=67&sc=&text=49&lg=pl) [Kashubian attire] (in Polish). Kaszuby.vsp.pl. ^ (#cite_ref-kujawy_9-0) "opis stroju kujawskiego" (http://polalech.pl/kujawski-opis.htm) [Description of Kujawy folk costume] (in Polish). polalech. ^ (#cite_ref-pyrzyce_10-0) "Strój Pyrzycki" (http://www.pyrzyce.um.gov.pl/strona/menu/116_stroj_pyrzycki) [Pyrzyce folk costume] (in Polish). Pyrzyce Municipality. 2012-03-20. ^ (#cite_ref-warmia_11-0) "Strój Warmiński" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/pomorze-i-prusy/120-stroj-warminski.html) [Warmia folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ (#cite_ref-low1_12-0) "Strój łowicki" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130318025630/http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=173) [Łowicz folk costume] (in Polish). Łowicz municipality. Archived from the original (http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=173) on 2013-03-18. ^ (#cite_ref-low2_13-0) "Męski strój łowicki" (https://archive.today/20130213100640/http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=411) [Łowicz men's folk costume] (in Polish). Łowicz municipality. Archived from the original (http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=411) on 2013-02-13. ^ (#cite_ref-low3_14-0) "Kobiecy strój łowicki" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090205182821/http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=410) [Łowicz women's folk costume] (in Polish). Łowicz municipality. Archived from the original (http://www.lowicz.eu/serwis/index.php?id=410) on 2009-02-05. ^ (#cite_ref-kpz_15-0) "Strój Kurpiowski Puszczy Zielonej" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/mazowsze/121-stroj-kurpiowski-puszczy-zielonej.html) [Green Forest Kurpie folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ (#cite_ref-kpb_16-0) "Strój Kurpiowski Puszczy Białej" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/mazowsze/122-stroj-kurpiowski-puszczy-bialej.html) [White Forest Kurpie folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ (#cite_ref-opoczno_17-0) "Strój Opoczyński" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/malopolska/96-stroj-opoczynski.html) [Opoczno folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ (#cite_ref-sieradz_18-0) "Strój Sieradzki" (http://www.polskatradycja.pl/folklor/stroje-ludowe/wielkopolska/97-stroj-sieradzki.html) [Sieradz folk costume] (in Polish). Polska Tradycja. ^ a b c "Stroje regionalne" (http://regionwielkopolska.pl/kultura-ludowa/stroje-regionalne/stroje-regionalne-1463.html) [Regional costumes] (in Polish). Greater Poland region. ^ (#cite_ref-szlachta_20-0) "opis stroju szlacheckiego" (http://polalech.pl/szlachecki-opis.htm) [Description of the costumes of the nobility] (in Polish). polalech. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Kubalska-Sulkiewicz, Krystyna; Bielska-Łach, Monika; Manteuffel-Szarota, Anna (1996). Słownik terminologiczny sztuk pięknych . Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-01-11785-0 . 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Rosemary Vandenbroucke Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 虹萱 Born ( 1981-09-18 ) September 18, 1981 (age 42) France (/wiki/France) Other names Rose Vandenbroucke Occupation(s) Singer, model, actress, yoga instructor Spouse Jason Swamy Rosemary Vandenbroucke ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 虹萱 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Hóng Xuān ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : hung4 hyun1 ; born September 18, 1981) is a French (/wiki/France) -born model, singer, songwriter, actress, and certified yoga instructor. Early life [ edit ] In 1981, Vandenbroucke was born in Hong Kong (/wiki/British_Hong_Kong) . Vandenbroucke's father is French-Russian and her mother Julie is Chinese. [1] (#cite_note-luxury_insider2012-1) Vandenbroucke grew up in France. At age 13, Vandenbroucke returned to Hong Kong. [1] (#cite_note-luxury_insider2012-1) Career [ edit ] At age 14, Vandenbroucke won the second Elite Model Look contest, and in 1998 became model for the Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) brand. In 2006, Vandenbroucke's debut album is in English, but includes Mandarin versions of two singles, "In my dreams" and "I didn't know", and a Cantonese version of a third, "Tonight." [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In acting, Vandenbroucke has starred in a Singaporean TV musical drama called "The Kitchen Musical." The series premiered on 21 October 2011 and has been broadcast in 19 countries across Southeast Asia and Europe. Vandenbroucke was nominated for the best actress in a drama series at the 52nd Monte Carlo Film and Television Awards 2012. In 2010, Vandenbroucke was arrested while attending the Burning Man (/wiki/Burning_Man) festival near Reno (/wiki/Reno) , Nevada, facing misdemeanor and felony charges. [4] (#cite_note-4) Vandenbroucke pled guilty to obstructing a police officer in a plea where she served no jail time and was fined $1,000. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2016, Vandenbroucke produced a Daybreaker dance-party in Hong Kong. [6] (#cite_note-6) Vandenbroucke has been a certified yoga instructor. [7] (#cite_note-scmp_092017-7) Filmography [ edit ] 2001 La Brassiere (/wiki/La_Brassiere) - Eileen. 2003 Spy Dad (/wiki/The_Spy_Dad) - Rosemary. 2010 Hot Summer Days (/wiki/Hot_Summer_Days) - Beach girl. 2016 Lady Bloodfight (/wiki/Lady_Bloodfight) - Yara. Personal life [ edit ] Vandenbroucke is fluent in English, French, Cantonese and Mandarin. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2013 at the end of the Great Wall Marathon, Jason Swamy proposed to Vandenbroucke. [7] (#cite_note-scmp_092017-7) On December 6, 2015, Vandenbroucke married Jason Swamy in India. [9] (#cite_note-9) Jason Swamy is a creator and director of festivals in United States. [7] (#cite_note-scmp_092017-7) Discography [ edit ] Dreams come true Rogers Music (/w/index.php?title=Rogers_Music&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006, single The Kitchen Musical Soundtrack Universal Music (/wiki/Universal_Music) 2012, Album References [ edit ] ^ a b Trip tree, Jill (January 4, 2012). "Interview: Rosemary Vandenbroucke" (https://www.luxury-insider.com/features/2012/interview-rosemary-vandenbroucke) . luxury-insider.com . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "China's Business Newspaper" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204400/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=4&art_id=102810&sid=29536963&con_type=1&d_str=20100910&fc=7) . The Standard . 2009-01-06. Archived from the original (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=4&art_id=102810&sid=29536963&con_type=1&d_str=20100910&fc=7) on 2014-06-06 . Retrieved 2015-08-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Title Unknown" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071009130305/http://www.worldjournal.com/wj-en-news.php?nt_seq_id=1304151) . Archived from the original (http://www.worldjournal.com/wj-en-news.php?nt_seq_id=1304151) on October 9, 2007 . Retrieved November 13, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sonner, Scott (September 25, 2010). "Hong Kong model won't go to Nevada to face charges" (http://www.nbcnews.com/id/39358164/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/hong-kong-model-wont-go-nevada-face-charges/#.W2UdptJKjIU) . nbcnews.com . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "AP NewsBreak: Hong Kong model ends case in Nevada" (https://www.deseret.com/2011/3/23/20180761/ap-newsbreak-hong-kong-model-ends-case-in-nevada) . Deseret News . Associated Press. Mar 23, 2011 . Retrieved Oct 4, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Whitehead, Kate (December 18, 2016). "A pop-up disco for Hong Kong early risers that's part fitness class, part dance party" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-beauty/article/2055122/pop-disco-hong-kong-early-risers-thats-part-fitness-class) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . ^ a b c Fyrniss, Tracey (September 5, 2017). "Out to lunch with former international model Rosemary Vandenbroucke at Gough on Gough" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/good-eating/article/2109605/out-lunch-former-international-model-rosemary-vandenbroucke) . South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rosemary Vandenbroucke" (https://questmodel.com.hk/artist/rosemary-vandenbroucke/) . questmodel.com.hk . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Model Rosemary Vandenbroucke Marries Boyfriend Jason Swamy in India" (http://www.ahmike.com/2015/12/model-rosemary-vandenbroucke-marries-boyfriend-jason-swamy-in-india.html) . ahmike.com. December 6, 2015 . Retrieved February 3, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Rosemary Vandenbroucke (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rosemary_Vandenbroucke) at Wikimedia Commons Rosemary Vandenbroucke (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1008370/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Rosemary Vandenbroucke (https://www.hkmdb.com/db/people/view_utf.mhtml?id=13834&display_set=eng) at the Hong Kong Movie Database (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Movie_Database) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k5zvr Cached time: 20240719092759 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.327 seconds Real time usage: 0.666 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2050/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22775/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1626/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36095/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.197/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5618111/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 390.193 1 -total 51.90% 202.523 1 Template:Infobox_person 33.45% 130.511 1 Template:Reflist 29.04% 113.293 9 Template:Cite_web 16.65% 64.954 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 13.92% 54.328 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.36% 28.700 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.49% 21.422 1 Template:Wikidata_image 4.86% 18.974 16 Template:Main_other 4.73% 18.449 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33723411-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719092759 and revision id 1136825179. 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American actress Rosie Mercado Mercado before weight loss Born ( 1980-03-28 ) March 28, 1980 (age 44) Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Nationality American (/wiki/United_States) Alma mater University of Nevada, Las Vegas (/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas) Tony Robbins (/wiki/Tony_Robbins) Mastery University Occupation(s) Lifestyle coach (/wiki/Lifestyle_coach) , Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , Actress (/wiki/Acting) , Radio (/wiki/Radio_personality) and Television personality (/wiki/Television_presenter) Years active 2009–present Children 4 Modeling information Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Website www (http://www.rosiemercado.com/) .rosiemercado (http://www.rosiemercado.com/) .com (http://www.rosiemercado.com/) Rosie Mercado (born March 28, 1980) is an American plus-size (/wiki/Plus-size_model) model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , celebrity makeup artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) , fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and television personality (/wiki/Television_presenter) of Mexican (/wiki/Mexican_American) descent. She is best known for starring in reality television show Curvy Girls on NuvoTV (/wiki/NuvoTV) and featuring on National Geographic Channel (/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel) 's Taboo (/wiki/Taboo_(2002_TV_series)) . She is currently a special correspondent and life coach on the TV shows The Doctors (/wiki/The_Doctors_(talk_show)) and Dr. Phil (/wiki/Dr._Phil_(talk_show)) and a co-host on the entertainment talk show Face the Truth (/wiki/Face_the_Truth_(TV_series)) . Early life [ edit ] Mercado was born in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) and grew up in Riverside, California (/wiki/Riverside,_California) [1] (#cite_note-laweekly-1) but she spent most of her life in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley) , Nevada (/wiki/Nevada) [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) when her parents moved their business there. [3] (#cite_note-blogtalkradio-3) Mercado is of Latino (/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans) descent; [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) her parents are from Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) in Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara) and Zacatecas (/wiki/Zacatecas) . [4] (#cite_note-latinoscoop-4) Her parents have a business in Las Vegas and she comes from an entrepreneurial background. [4] (#cite_note-latinoscoop-4) Mercado credits her father as "a visionary in all the businesses he has created". [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) Mercado's parents have always has been supportive of her in life and her career. [4] (#cite_note-latinoscoop-4) [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) She attended Bishop Gorman High School (/wiki/Bishop_Gorman_High_School) and left in 1999. She was one of five Latinos who attended the private school. [6] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag3-6) In high school, she was a ' tomboy (/wiki/Tomboy) ' [7] (#cite_note-resistmagazine-7) and felt that she did not fit in because of her size (which has driven her to promote plus-size diversity in the entertainment industry). [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) She was called "a big girl with a pretty face" [7] (#cite_note-resistmagazine-7) or "the girl with the pretty face and the big ass", [1] (#cite_note-laweekly-1) and was bullied because of her weight. [7] (#cite_note-resistmagazine-7) Mercado studied Business Management at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas) . Since she was young, Mercado had the desire to make it in the fashion industry, but she had insecurities primarily fueled by her weight issues. [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) She admired Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) and Queen Latifah (/wiki/Queen_Latifah) . [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) Modeling career [ edit ] Mercado broke into the fashion industry within four years. [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) She started off in modeling as a photographer; she was trying to build her business but didn't have the money to hire professional models. A celebrity photographer told her that she had a beautiful face and that she should be modeling. [4] (#cite_note-latinoscoop-4) She had taken pictures of herself but was often rejected because of her size. [3] (#cite_note-blogtalkradio-3) Many times fashion industry people liked her face in her portfolio but balked after seeing her in person due to her size, and told her that if she lost weight she would have more work. [1] (#cite_note-laweekly-1) Media career [ edit ] Mercado started working at the age of 15, Mercado was a radio personality in Las Vegas as an early morning host. She went on to work for Telemundo (/wiki/Telemundo) and Univision (/wiki/Univision) doing red carpet interviews with high-profile Latino celebrities. [3] (#cite_note-blogtalkradio-3) [8] (#cite_note-skorchmagazine-8) She did voiceover work for English and Spanish national and international commercials. [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) In 2011, Mercado featured on National Geographic Channel (/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel) 's Taboo (/wiki/Taboo_(2002_TV_series)) . [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) She has appeared on National and International Television, From Telemundo and Univision and is a special correspondent with the shows Dr. Phil and The Doctors (/wiki/The_Doctors_(talk_show)) on CBS. She is considered one of the top 6 influential Latinas to follow by Latina Magazine and Univsion. In 2012 and 2013, she starred in season one and two of NuvoTV (/wiki/NuvoTV) 's reality television show Curvy Girls which captured the daily life of four plus-size models as they realized their dreams in the fashion world. [2] (#cite_note-thepmshow-2) [9] (#cite_note-plusmodel-9) In June 2013, she was a special guest on The Ricki Lake Show (/wiki/Ricki_Lake_(TV_series)) , speaking about plus-size swim fashions. [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) She is a co-host on a talk show produced by Dr. Phil McGraw (/wiki/Phil_McGraw) called Face the Truth (/wiki/Face_the_Truth_(TV_series)) on CBS and has her book coming out in 2019 with publishing company Harper Collins One. [ citation needed ] Makeup and fashion design [ edit ] Mercado turned her makeup skills into a career. [1] (#cite_note-laweekly-1) [7] (#cite_note-resistmagazine-7) She was a celebrity makeup artist who worked in magazines, TV and film. She also took her designing skills and launched her first collection of dresses in 2013 celebrating the beauty of plus size women around the world. [ citation needed ] Weight [ edit ] After letting her weight increase to well over 400 pounds, [11] (#cite_note-people.com-11) Mercado managed to start losing weight to deal with mobility issues and embarrassment as she became larger and larger. [9] (#cite_note-plusmodel-9) [11] (#cite_note-people.com-11) She was chosen to be the face of Full Figured Fashion Week in 2010 still weighing over 350 pounds. [1] (#cite_note-laweekly-1) By 2012, she had gotten her weight down to 178 pounds. Though once a size 32/34 at her biggest, she is currently a size 12, and now advocates that it is unhealthy for other women to be overweight. [8] (#cite_note-skorchmagazine-8) In August 2017 Mercado implied to Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) that she is currently about 160 pounds. [12] (#cite_note-12) Personal life [ edit ] Mercado lives in Las Vegas, Nevada and Los Angeles, California. She is a single mom of three children, [4] (#cite_note-latinoscoop-4) a daughter (born 2000) and two sons (born 2006 and 2007). [3] (#cite_note-blogtalkradio-3) In 2013, Mercado graduated from Tony Robbins (/wiki/Tony_Robbins) Mastery University. [5] (#cite_note-lvwomanmagazine-5) She promotes body diversity and is now a lifestyle coach that inspires women to embrace their authentic beauty and self love and acceptance, and her and her husband had a son in March 2020. [13] (#cite_note-feminspire-13) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Alimurung, Gendy (March 18, 2012). "Rosie Mercado: That Face" (http://www.laweekly.com/publicspectacle/2012/05/18/rosie-mercado-that-face) . LA Weekly (/wiki/LA_Weekly) . Los Angeles . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f Matthews, Philippe. "Rosie Mercado Is Curvalicious!" (http://www.thepmshow.tv/channel/beauty-style/rosie-mercado-is-curvalicious/) . The Philippe Matthews Show . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b c d Matthews, Philippe (October 31, 2012). "Rosie Mercado Is Curvalicious!" (http://www.blogtalkradio.com/thepmshow/2012/10/31/rosie-mercado-is-curvalicious) . The PM Show . BlogTalkRadio (/wiki/BlogTalkRadio) . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b c d e Jara, Jose (March 7, 2013). "LatinoScoop.com chats with Curvy Girls – Rosie Mercado!" (http://www.latinoscoop.com/2013/07/03/latinoscoop-com-chats-with-curvy-girls-rosie-mercado/) . LatinScoop.com . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f Hall, Debbie (February 22, 2013). "Fearless Females: Rosie Mercado" (http://www.lvwomanmagazine.com/2013/fearless-females-rosie-mercado/) . Las Vegas: Las Vegas Woman Magazine . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-plus-model-mag3_6-0) Cruz, Marcy (July 18, 2013). "Size Discrimination Exposed in Hakkasan Nightclub in Vegas: No "Whales or Hippos" Allowed" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074553/http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2014/07/size-discrimination-exposed-hakkasan-nightclub-vegas-whales-hippos-allowed) . PLUS Model Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2014/07/size-discrimination-exposed-hakkasan-nightclub-vegas-whales-hippos-allowed) on September 24, 2015 . Retrieved June 22, 2015 . ^ a b c d Charles, Jr., Larry (July 15, 2013). "Everything's Coming Up Rosie – A one on one interview with rising star Rosie Mercado" (http://www.resistmagazine.com/2012/07/15/rosie-mercado-the-modeling-role-model-temp-title/) . Resist Magazine . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b Alimurung, Gendy (August 1, 2011). "The Talented Ms. Rosie Mercado" (http://www.issuu.com/skorchmagazine/docs/april_1_2012) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b Rudd, Tia D. (June 2013). "Finding My Fuerza" (http://plusmodel.uberflip.com/i/134008/99) . Plus Model Magazine . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-plus-model-mag1_10-0) "Rosie Mercado Talks Swim on The Ricki Lake Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140809181824/http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2013/05/rosie-mercado-talks-swim-on-the-ricki-lake-show/) . PLUS Model Magazine. May 22, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2013/05/rosie-mercado-talks-swim-on-the-ricki-lake-show/) on August 9, 2014 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ a b http://www.people.com/article/rosie-mercado-lost-210-lbs-after-being-told-wouldnt-fit-in-plane-seat (http://www.people.com/article/rosie-mercado-lost-210-lbs-after-being-told-wouldnt-fit-in-plane-seat) " Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151109210337/http://www.people.com/article/rosie-mercado-lost-210-lbs-after-being-told-wouldnt-fit-in-plane-seat) 2015-11-09 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The Life-Changing Moment That Helped TV Host Rosie Mercado Lose 240 Pounds" (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-body/news/rosie-mercados-amazing-body-transformation-her-240-pound-weight-loss/) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . ^ (#cite_ref-feminspire_13-0) Moreno, Leah; Shapiro, Rose (September 13, 2012). "Women To Know: Rosie Mercado, Susana Martinez & More" (http://www.feminspire.com/women-to-know-rosie-mercado-susana-martinez-more/) . feminspire . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Rosie Mercado (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4823757/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Penn, Stephanie. The Talented Ms. Rosie Mercado (http://www.dailyvenusdiva.com/2011/08/01/the-talented-ms-rosie-mercado/) . Daily Venus Diva . August 1, 2011 Matthews, Philippe. Rosie Mercado Is Curvalicious! (http://www.blogtalkradio.com/thepmshow/2012/10/31/rosie-mercado-is-curvalicious) The PM Show . October 31, 2012 Jara, Jose. LatinoScoop.com chats with Curvy Girls – Rosie Mercado! (http://www.latinoscoop.com/2013/07/03/latinoscoop-com-chats-with-curvy-girls-rosie-mercado/) . LatinScoop.com . March 7, 2013 Hall, Debbie. Everything’s Coming Up Rosie – A one on one interview with rising star Rosie Mercado (http://www.resistmagazine.com/2012/07/15/rosie-mercado-the-modeling-role-model-temp-title/) . Resist Magazine . 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Trend forecasting company This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "WGSN" trend forecasting (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22WGSN%22+trend+forecasting&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) WGSN Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Founded 1998 ; 26 years ago ( 1998 ) Founders Julian Worth Marc Worth Headquarters West London (/wiki/West_London) , UK Owner Independent (1998–2005) Ascential (/wiki/Ascential) (2005-24) Apax Partners (/wiki/Apax_Partners) (2024–present) Website wgsn (http://wgsn.com) .com (http://wgsn.com) WGSN is a trend forecasting (/wiki/Trend_analysis) company with offices in London (/wiki/London) , New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) and São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) . It supplies global brands with consumer and product design forecasts (/wiki/Forecasting) and provides business and marketing consultancy to clients. History [ edit ] WGSN was founded in 1998 in West London (/wiki/West_London_(sub_region)) by brothers Julian and Marc Worth (/wiki/Marc_Worth) . In October 2005, it was purchased by Emap (now Ascential (/wiki/Ascential) ), [1] (#cite_note-1) a business-to-business (/wiki/Business-to-business) publisher and exhibitions company, for £140m. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2013, the firm merged with its biggest competitor, Stylesight. [3] (#cite_note-3) Like WGSN, Stylesight had a vast library of fashion forecasting (/wiki/Fashion_forecasting) , trend information, archival photos, and even sketches and patterns for designers (/wiki/Designer) to use. Keeping the WGSN name, the new product has been designed around the technology developed by Stylesight and launched in 2014. [4] (#cite_note-4) In November 2017, the company bought Use Fashion (now Start by WGSN ), a regional competitor in Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) , launching its secondary business focused on fashion entrepreneurs. In 2024, WGSN announced an agreement between Apax Partners, a global private equity advisory firm, and Ascential for the acquisition of WGSN for £700m. [5] (#cite_note-5) The transaction was completed in February of the same year. [6] (#cite_note-6) Products [ edit ] As an online service, the business derives its revenues (/wiki/Revenue) from 9 different product subscriptions (/wiki/Subscription) (WGSN Insight, WGSN Fashion, WGSN Interiors, WGSN Beauty, WGSN Food & Drink, WGSN Consumer Tech, WGSN Barometer, Coloro, TrendCurve+) and a custom advisory business (WGSN Mindset). [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Coolhunting (/wiki/Coolhunting) Extrapolation (/wiki/Extrapolation) Technology forecasting (/wiki/Technology_forecasting) Trend Forecasting References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ascential plans £800m initial public offering" (https://www.ft.com/content/7f4f3650-ba8b-11e5-bf7e-8a339b6f2164) . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cozens, Claire; press; correspondent, publishing (2005-10-14). "Emap splashes out £140m on fashion portal" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/oct/14/emap.pressandpublishing) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Musgrave, Eric (2014-07-11). "Best of WGSN and Stylesight to be combined in new WGSN.com service" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/best-of-wgsn-and-stylesight-to-be-combined-in-new-wgsn-com-service) . Drapers . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "BoF Exclusive | WGSN Debuts Revamped Platform in Growth Drive" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-markets/bof-exclusive-wgsn-debuts-revamped-platform-growth-drive/) . The Business of Fashion . 2014-08-04 . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Funds advised by Apax complete acquisition of WGSN | Apax Global Alpha" (https://www.apaxglobalalpha.com/news/funds-advised-by-apax-complete-acquisition-of-wgsn) . www.apaxglobalalpha.com . 2024-02-02 . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Apax Funds complete acquisition of leading trend forecasting business WGSN" (https://www.apax.com/news-views/apax-funds-complete-acquisition-of-leading-trend-forecasting-business-wgsn/) . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Products Archive" (https://www.wgsn.com/en/product-design) . WGSN | Creating Tomorrow | Trend Forecasting & Analytics . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "WGSN Debuts Revamped Platform in Growth Drive - Bloomberg" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-markets/bof-exclusive-wgsn-debuts-revamped-platform-growth-drive/) . Retrieved 2024-02-09 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.wgsn.com) This corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Albanian television personality and Miss Albania (born 1987) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Floriana Garo" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Floriana+Garo%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Floriana+Garo%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Floriana+Garo%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Floriana+Garo%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Floriana+Garo%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Floriana+Garo%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Floriana Garo Born ( 1987-02-15 ) 15 February 1987 (age 37) Durrës (/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs) , Albania (/wiki/Albania) Nationality Albanian Alma mater City College of New York (/wiki/City_College_of_New_York) Occupation(s) Spokesperson, Television presenter, journalist Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Partner Enis Daci Children Adia Daci, Priam Daci Relatives Sofokli Garo and Teuta Garo Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss World Albania 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Albania) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Major competition(s) Miss World Albania 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Albania) (Winner) Miss World 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) (Unplaced) Website florianagaro (http://florianagaro.al) .al (http://florianagaro.al) Floriana Garo (born 15 February 1987) is an Albanian television personality and former Miss Albania. She represented Albania in the Miss World 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) beauty pageant. [1] (#cite_note-1) Garo was the first host of the entertainment show Jo Vetem Mode on TV Klan (/wiki/TV_Klan) as well as the first weather presenter (/wiki/Weather_presenter) on Albania's ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(Albania)) . In addition, she has also been the brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) for Albania's Cortefiel (/wiki/Cortefiel) clothing since 2011. Early life and education [ edit ] Born in Durres (/wiki/Durres) , she is the daughter of college professor Sofokli Garo and Teuta Garo, a physician. In 2002, she and her family moved to the United States where she lived for eight years. Garo is a graduate of the City College of New York (/wiki/City_College_of_New_York) having studied international relations (/wiki/International_relations) and played on the university volleyball team, winning Player of the Year in 2007 and 2009. She is fluent in English, Albanian, Italian, and French. Career [ edit ] Jo Vetem Modë [ edit ] “Jo vetem mode”, in English “Not only fashion”, is a lifestyle show in Albania, which airs on national TV Klan (/wiki/TV_Klan) . The 60 minute program, which started on February 16, 2013 is hosted and written by Floriana Garo. It is currently in its 4th Season with 28.9 shares rating. “Jo vetem mode” featured profiles of Albanian celebrities, athletes and politicians among which the First Lady of Albania (/wiki/First_Lady_of_Albania) , Odeta Nishani (/wiki/Odeta_Nishani) , Minister of Defense Mimi Kodheli (/wiki/Mimi_Kodheli) , Politician/Lawyer Spartak Ngjela (/w/index.php?title=Spartak_Ngjela&action=edit&redlink=1) , Lazio’s football player Lorik Cana (/wiki/Lorik_Cana) , the captain of the US Olympic Volleyball team Donald Suxho (/wiki/Donald_Suxho) , the famous clothing designer Ema Savahl (/w/index.php?title=Ema_Savahl&action=edit&redlink=1) , supermodel Angela Martini (/wiki/Angela_Martini) , etc. “Jo vetem mode” had a great influence in promoting tourism and new cultures by featuring interesting tourist destinations for Albanians to explore as well as promote Albania’s wonderful landscapes. The show explored new and luxurious travel and leisure destinations in Albania and Europe such as Sueno Deluxe resort in Turkey, Radika Ski resort in Macedonia, Queen ELizabeth Cruiseship, Sunshine hotel in Greece, Splendor Hotel in Dhërmi (/wiki/Dh%C3%ABrmi) , Albania, etc. “Jo vetem mode” took viewers inside some of the most important buildings in Albania such as the Palace of the Brigades, the new Ministry of Culture, Prime Minister’s Office as well as inside the residences of the Ambassador of Brazil and the ambassador of Kuwait in Albania. The program covered the latest fashion and cultural events such as the World Fashion week in Paris, Geraldina Sposa Bridal shows, Miss Universe Albania (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Albania) , the annual Presidential ball, etc. In addition, it informed people of interesting activities to try in Albania such as helicopter rides, horseback riding, paragliding, wine tours and hiking in the Albanian Alps. “Jo vetem mode” was a point of reference for everyone who appreciates beauty, wanted to be inspired, and was looking for new and interesting things to do in Albania and beyond. The show was watched by Albanians all over the world through the Digital Platforms and has hundreds of thousands of views on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Other activities [ edit ] Floriana Garo Floriana was the first director and host of "Jo vetem mode" lifestyle show on the national TV Klan. She was also the first weather presenter for ABC News Albania (/wiki/ABC_News_Albania) . She represented Albania in Miss World 2012 in Ordos, China. This experience jump started her television career and made her even more well known for the Albanian public. In 2012, Garo presented a concert during the 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania (/wiki/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Independence_of_Albania) in Nene Teresa Square (/wiki/Commemorations_of_Mother_Teresa##Mother_Teresa_in_Albania) (Mother Teresa Square). She co-presented Miss Globe (/wiki/Miss_Globe_Organisation) 2013 along with Gent Bejko and in November 2013, she presented the book fair in Tirana. Garo is the official spokesmodel (/wiki/Spokesmodel) for Cortefiel (/wiki/Cortefiel) Albania clothing brand. She has been in various television commercials for this brand. She modeled for Geraldina Sposa bridal shows in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Garo has been on the covers of "Living", "Icon", "VIP", " Coffee", Shije , Mapo Madame , Jeta and Klan magazines. Personal life [ edit ] In 2017 Floriana moved to Geneva to start a family with her husband, Swiss-Albanian lawyer Enis Daci. The couple has two children, Adia and Priam. Since January 2021, Garo has moved to Tirana (/wiki/Tirana) a second time with her family to contribute in the Democratic Party as the official campaign Spokesperson in the parliamentary elections. See also [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Television portal (/wiki/Portal:Television) List of Albanians (/wiki/List_of_Albanians) List of City College of New York alumni (/wiki/List_of_City_College_of_New_York_alumni) List of television presenters (/wiki/List_of_television_presenters) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Press release (24 July 2012). "CCNY-Groomed Miss Albania Shoots for the Stars – Floriana Garo, Class of 2011, Is Miss World Contestant" (http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/Floriana-Garo-wins-Miss-Albania.cfm) . City University of New York (/wiki/City_University_of_New_York) . Retrieved 29 July 2014 . External links [ edit ] florianagaro (http://florianagaro.al) .al (http://florianagaro.al) , her official website Floriana Garo at Modelisto (http://al.modelisto.com/Wiki/Floriana-Garo/) Jo Vetem Mode v t e Miss World 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) national titleholders Floriana Garo Jessica Kahawaty (/wiki/Jessica_Kahawaty) Amina Dagi (/wiki/Amina_Dagi) Laura Beyne (/wiki/Laura_Beyne) Tara Teng (/wiki/Tara_Teng) Yu Wenxia (/wiki/Yu_Wenxia) Silvana Sánchez (/wiki/Silvana_S%C3%A1nchez) Cipriana Correia (/wiki/Cipriana_Correia) Maria Luisa Vicuña (/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Vicu%C3%B1a) Delphine Wespiser (/wiki/Delphine_Wespiser) Marie-Noëlle Ada (/wiki/Marie-No%C3%ABlle_Ada) Arti Cameron (/wiki/Arti_Cameron) Kelly Cheung (/wiki/Kelly_Cheung) Vanya Mishra (/wiki/Vanya_Mishra) Ines Putri (/wiki/Ines_Putri) Shani Hazan (/wiki/Shani_Hazan) Lee Yvonne (/wiki/Lee_Yvonne) Mariana Berumen (/wiki/Mariana_Berumen) Shristi Shrestha (/wiki/Shristi_Shrestha) Nathalie den Dekker (/wiki/Nathalie_den_Dekker) Damiete Charles Granville (/wiki/Damiete_Charles_Granville) Maricely González (/wiki/Maricely_Gonz%C3%A1lez) Queenierich Rehman (/wiki/Queenierich_Rehman) Weronika Szmajdzińska (/wiki/Weronika_Szmajdzi%C5%84ska) Janelee Chaparro (/wiki/Janelee_Chaparro) Elizaveta Golovanova (/wiki/Elizaveta_Golovanova) Bojana Lečić (/wiki/Bojana_Le%C4%8Di%C4%87) Nives Orešnik (/wiki/Nives_Ore%C5%A1nik) Atong Demach (/wiki/Atong_Demach) Vanessa Herrmann (/wiki/Vanessa_Herrmann) Gabriella Ferrari (/wiki/Gabriella_Ferrari) Vũ Hoàng My (/wiki/V%C5%A9_Ho%C3%A0ng_My) Sophie Moulds (/wiki/Sophie_Moulds) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐v7qx9 Cached time: 20240715022029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.519 seconds Real time usage: 1.021 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6394/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63610/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9577/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18724/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.294/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7798501/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 628.948 1 -total 35.76% 224.914 1 Template:Miss_World_2012_delegates 35.43% 222.826 1 Template:Navbox 28.20% 177.353 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 23.36% 146.926 33 Template:Flagicon 12.17% 76.518 1 Template:Reflist 10.59% 66.636 1 Template:Cite_web 9.53% 59.915 1 Template:BLP_sources 8.63% 54.253 1 Template:Ambox 7.96% 50.044 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41582914-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715022029 and revision id 1207534993. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floriana_Garo&oldid=1207534993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floriana_Garo&oldid=1207534993) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1987 births (/wiki/Category:1987_births) Albanian models (/wiki/Category:Albanian_models) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Albanian expatriates in the United States (/wiki/Category:Albanian_expatriates_in_the_United_States) Albanian female models (/wiki/Category:Albanian_female_models) Albanian showgirls (/wiki/Category:Albanian_showgirls) Albanian television personalities (/wiki/Category:Albanian_television_personalities) City College of New York alumni (/wiki/Category:City_College_of_New_York_alumni) Miss World 2012 delegates (/wiki/Category:Miss_World_2012_delegates) Models from Tirana (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Tirana) Television weather presenters (/wiki/Category:Television_weather_presenters) Albanian women television presenters (/wiki/Category:Albanian_women_television_presenters) 21st-century Albanian people (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Albanian_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from July 2014 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_July_2014) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) Use dmy dates from July 2014 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2014) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
(Redirected from Updo (/w/index.php?title=Updo&redirect=no) ) Style of hair, usually on the human scalp "Haircut" redirects here. For other uses, see Haircut (disambiguation) (/wiki/Haircut_(disambiguation)) . "Hairdo" redirects here. For the Little Birdy song, see Hairdo (song) (/wiki/Hairdo_(song)) . "Hairstyles" redirects here. For the magazine, see Hairstyles (magazine) (/wiki/Hairstyles_(magazine)) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Hairstyle" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hairstyle%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hairstyle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hairstyle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hairstyle%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hairstyle%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hairstyle%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Chinese woman with an elaborate hair style, 1869 Traditional hairstyle (/wiki/Nihongami) of a Japanese bride (/wiki/Marriage_in_Japan) Female figure with elaborate coiffure and hairpins, 1st century BC Hopi (/wiki/Hopi) woman dressing hair, ca. 1900 A hairstyle , hairdo , haircut or coiffure refers to the styling of hair (/wiki/Hair) , usually on the human head (/wiki/Human_head) but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming (/wiki/Personal_grooming) , fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , and cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles. The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding (/wiki/Braid) which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also often kept covered outside the home, especially for married women. Prehistory and history [ edit ] People's hairstyles are largely determined by the fashions of the culture they live in. Hairstyles are markers and signifiers of social class, age, marital status, racial identification, political beliefs, and attitudes about gender. Some people may cover their hair totally or partially for cultural or religious reasons. Notable examples of head covering include women in Islam who wear the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , married women in Haredi Judaism (/wiki/Haredi_Judaism) who wear the sheitel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) or tichel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) , married Himba (/wiki/Himba_people) men who cover their hair except when in mourning, Tuareg (/wiki/Tuareg_people) men who wear a veil, and baptized men and women in Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism) who wear the dastar (/wiki/Dastar) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Paleolithic [ edit ] The oldest known reproduction of hair braiding (/wiki/Braid) lies back about 30,000 years: the Venus of Willendorf (/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf) , now known in academia as the Woman of Willendorf, of a female figurine (/wiki/Venus_figurine) from the Paleolithic (/wiki/Paleolithic) , estimated to have been made between about 28,000 and 25,000 BCE (/wiki/Common_Era) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The Venus of Brassempouy (/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy) counts about 25,000 years old and indisputably shows hairstyling. The Venus of Willendorf (/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf) with braided hair The Venus of Brassempouy (/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy) Bronze Age [ edit ] Bronze Figure With Towering Hair from Sanxingdui (/wiki/Sanxingdui) , Shu (/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)) In the Bronze Age (/wiki/Bronze_Age) , razors were known and in use by some men, but not on a daily basis since the procedure was rather unpleasant and required resharpening of the tool which reduced its endurance. [5] (#cite_note-5) Reconstructed headgear of Puabi (/wiki/Puabi) , the First Dynasty of Ur, circa 2500 BC, Early Dynastic period III (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)) Golden helmet imitating hairstyle, the First Dynasty of Ur, circa 2500 BC, Early Dynastic period III Sumerian portrait statuette of a woman Sumerian statue from Khafajah, female worshiper Ancient history [ edit ] In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways. Women coloured their hair, curled it, and pinned it up (ponytail) in a variety of ways. For waves and curls, they used wet clay, which they dried in the sun before combing out, or they used a jelly made from quince (/wiki/Quince) seeds soaked in water. Additionally, various kinds of curling tongs (/wiki/Hair_iron) and curling irons (/wiki/Hair_iron) were popular tools for hair styling. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Hairstyles in ancient Korea and Japan were influenced by Chinese hairstyles. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) For instance, the chu'kye style worn in Koguryo (/wiki/Goguryeo) was similar in style and head placement as the chu'kye style in China. The hairstyles were characterized by the large topknots on women's heads. Also, hairstyles were used as an expression of beauty, social status, and marital status. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) For instance, Japanese girls wore a mae-gami to symbolize the start of their coming-of-age ceremony. Single women in Baekjae put their hair in a long pigtail and married women would braid their hair on both sides of the head. The hairstyles displayed their marital status to those around them. [ citation needed ] Roman Empire and Middle Ages [ edit ] Romano-British hair piece with jet (/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)) pins found in a lead coffin in Roman York (/wiki/Eboracum) Late 1st century BC portrait of a Roman woman with an elaborate hairstyle found on the Via Latina (/wiki/Via_Latina) in Rome (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) 130 AD bust of Vibia Sabina (/wiki/Vibia_Sabina) with a hairband and centre parting Between 27 BC and 102 AD, in Imperial Rome (/wiki/Roman_Empire) , women wore their hair in complicated styles: a mass of curls on top, or in rows of waves, drawn back into ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) or braids (/wiki/Braid) . Eventually noble women's hairstyles grew so complex that they required daily attention from several slaves and a stylist in order to be maintained. The hair was often lightened using wood ash (/wiki/Wood_ash) , unslaked lime (/wiki/Calcium_oxide) and sodium bicarbonate (/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate) , or darkened with copper filings, oak-apples (/wiki/Oak_apple) or leeches (/wiki/Leech) marinated in wine and vinegar. [9] (#cite_note-adams1-9) It was augmented by wigs, hairpieces and pads, and held in place by nets, pins, combs and pomade. Under the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) , noblewomen covered most of their hair with silk caps and pearl nets. [10] (#cite_note-yarwood216-10) From the time of the Roman Empire [ citation needed ] until the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow. It was normally just styled through cutting, as women's hair was tied up on the head and covered on most occasions when outside the home by using a snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) , kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) or veil (/wiki/Veil) ; for an adult woman to wear uncovered and loose hair in the street was often restricted to prostitutes. Braiding and tying the hair was common. In the 16th century, women began to wear their hair in extremely ornate styles, often decorated with pearls, precious stones, ribbons, and veils. Women used a technique called "lacing" or "taping," in which cords or ribbons were used to bind the hair around their heads. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) During this period, most of the hair was braided and hidden under wimples (/wiki/Wimple) , veils or couvrechefs (/wiki/Kerchief) . In the later half of the 15th century and on into the 16th century, a very high hairline on the forehead was considered attractive, and wealthy women frequently plucked out hair at their temples and the napes of their necks, or used depilatory cream (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) to remove it, if it would otherwise be visible at the edges of their hair coverings. [12] (#cite_note-12) Working-class women in this period wore their hair in simple styles. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) Early modern history [ edit ] Male styles [ edit ] During the 15th and 16th centuries, European men wore their hair cropped no longer than shoulder-length, with very fashionable men wearing bangs or fringes. In Italy, it was common for men to dye their hair. [13] (#cite_note-13) In the early 17th century male hairstyles grew longer, with waves or curls being considered desirable in upper-class European men. The male wig was supposedly pioneered by King Louis XIII of France (/wiki/Louis_XIII) (1601–1643) in 1624 when he had prematurely begun to bald. [14] (#cite_note-14) This fashion was largely promoted by his son and successor Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV) (1638–1715) that contributed to its spread in European (/wiki/Europe) and European-influenced countries. The beard (/wiki/Beard) had been in a long decline and now disappeared among the upper classes. Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced into the English-speaking world with other French styles when Charles II (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) was restored to the throne (/wiki/Stuart_Restoration) in 1660, following a lengthy exile in France. These wigs were shoulder-length or longer, imitating the long hair that had become fashionable among men since the 1620s. Their use soon became popular in the English court. The London diarist Samuel Pepys (/wiki/Samuel_Pepys) recorded the day in 1665 that a barber (/wiki/Barber) had shaved his head and that he tried on his new periwig for the first time, but in a year of plague (/wiki/Black_Death) he was uneasy about wearing it: 3rd September 1665: Up, and put on my coloured silk suit, very fine, and my new periwig, bought a good while since, but darst not wear it because the plague was in Westminster (/wiki/Westminster) when I bought it. And it is a wonder what will be the fashion after the plague is done as to periwigs, for nobody will dare to buy any hair for fear of the infection? That it had been cut off the heads of people dead of the plague. Late 17th-century wigs were very long and wavy (see George I below), but became shorter in the mid-18th century, by which time they were normally white (George II). A very common style had a single stiff curl running round the head at the end of the hair. By the late 18th century the natural hair was often powdered to achieve the impression of a short wig, tied into a small tail or "queue" behind (George III). Short hair for fashionable men was a product of the Neoclassical movement (/wiki/Neoclassicism) . Classically inspired male hair styles included the Bedford Crop (/wiki/Bedford_Crop) , arguably the precursor of most plain modern male styles, which was invented by the radical politician Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (/wiki/Francis_Russell,_5th_Duke_of_Bedford) as a protest against a tax on hair powder (/wiki/Duty_on_Hair_Powder_Act_1795) ; he encouraged his friends to adopt it by betting them they would not. Another influential style (or group of styles) was named by the French " coiffure à la Titus (/wiki/Titus_haircut) " after Titus Junius Brutus (/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus) (not in fact the Roman Emperor Titus (/wiki/Titus) as often assumed), with hair short and layered but somewhat piled up on the crown, often with restrained quiffs or locks hanging down; variants are familiar from the hair of both Napoleon (/wiki/Napoleon) and George IV (/wiki/George_IV) . The style was supposed to have been introduced by the actor François-Joseph Talma (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma) , who upstaged his wigged co-actors when appearing in productions of works such as Voltaire (/wiki/Voltaire) 's Brutus (/wiki/Brutus_(tragedy)) (about Lucius Junius Brutus (/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus) , who orders the execution of his son Titus). In 1799, a Parisian fashion magazine reported that even bald men were adopting Titus wigs, [15] (#cite_note-15) and the style was also worn by women, the Journal de Paris (/wiki/Journal_de_Paris) reporting in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women were wearing their hair or wig à la Titus ". [16] (#cite_note-16) In the early 19th century the male beard, and also moustaches (/wiki/Moustache) and sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) , made a strong reappearance, associated with the Romantic movement (/wiki/Romanticism) , and all remained very common until the 1890s, after which younger men ceased to wear them, with World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , when the majority of men in many countries saw military service, finally despatching the full beard except for older men retaining the styles of their youth, and those affecting a Bohemian (/wiki/Bohemianism) look. The short military-style moustache remained popular. Female styles [ edit ] Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) with pouf hairstyle From the 16th to the 19th century, European women's hair became more visible while their hair coverings grew smaller, with both becoming more elaborate, and with hairstyles beginning to include ornamentation such as flowers, ostrich plumes, ropes of pearls, jewels, ribbons and small crafted objects such as replicas of ships and windmills. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) [17] (#cite_note-17) Bound hair was felt to be symbolic of propriety: loosening one's hair was considered immodest and sexual, and sometimes was felt to have supernatural connotations. [18] (#cite_note-18) Red hair was popular, particularly in England during the reign of the red-haired Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I) , and women and aristocratic men used borax (/wiki/Borax) , saltpeter (/wiki/Potassium_nitrate) , saffron (/wiki/Saffron) and sulfur (/wiki/Sulfur) powder to dye their hair red, making themselves nauseated and giving themselves headaches and nosebleeds. [9] (#cite_note-adams1-9) [19] (#cite_note-19) During this period in Spain and Latin cultures, women wore lace mantillas (/wiki/Mantilla) , often worn over a high comb, [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) [20] (#cite_note-20) and in Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , there developed a fashion for extremely large tortoise-shell hair combs called peinetón (/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n) , which could measure up to three feet in height and width, and which are said by historians to have reflected the growing influence of France, rather than Spain, upon Argentinians. [21] (#cite_note-21) In the middle of the 18th century the pouf (/wiki/Pouf) style developed, with women creating volume in the hair at the front of the head, usually with a pad underneath to lift it higher, and ornamented the back with seashells, pearls or gemstones. In 1750, women began dressing their hair with perfumed pomade and powdering it white. Just before World War I, some women began wearing silk turbans over their hair. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) Japan [ edit ] In the early 1870s, in a shift that historians attribute to the influence of the West, [22] (#cite_note-22) Japanese men began cutting their hair into styles known as jangiri or zangiri (which roughly means "random cropping"). [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) During this period, Japanese women were still wearing traditional hairstyles (/wiki/Nihongami) held up with combs, pins, and sticks (/wiki/Kanzashi) crafted from tortoise, metal, wood and other materials, [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) but in the middle 1880s, upper-class Japanese women began pushing back their hair in the Western style (known as sokuhatsu ), or adopting Westernized versions of traditional Japanese hairstyles (these were called yakaimaki , or literally, "soirée chignon"). [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) Movie star Rudolph Valentino (/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino) Inter-war years [ edit ] During the First World War, women around the world started to shift to shorter hairstyles that were easier to manage. After WWI women started for to bob (/wiki/Bob_cut) , shingle (/wiki/Bob_cut) and crop (/wiki/Pixie_cut) their hair, often covering it with small head-hugging cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) hats. In Korea, the bob was called tanbal . [24] (#cite_note-24) In Europe and the US the bob was seen as a step towards women's liberation. [25] (#cite_note-25) Women began marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) their hair, creating deep waves in it using heated scissor irons. Durable permanent waving (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) became popular also in this period: [26] (#cite_note-WDL-26) it was an expensive, uncomfortable and time-consuming process, in which the hair was put in curlers (/wiki/Hair_roller) and inserted into a steam or dry heat machine. During the 1930s women began to wear their hair slightly longer, in pageboys (/wiki/Pageboy) , bobs or waves and curls. [10] (#cite_note-yarwood216-10) During the 1920s and 1930s, Japanese women began wearing their hair in a style called mimi-kakushi (literally, "ear hiding"), in which hair was pulled back to cover the ears and tied into a bun at the nape of the neck. Waved or curled hair became increasingly popular for Japanese women throughout this period, and permanent waves, though controversial, were extremely popular. Bobbed hair also became more popular for Japanese women, mainly among actresses and moga (/wiki/Modern_girl) , or "cut-hair girls," young Japanese women who followed Westernized fashions and lifestyles in the 1920s. [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) During this period, Western men began to wear their hair in ways popularized by movie stars such as Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.) and Rudolph Valentino (/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino) . Men wore their hair short, and either parted on the side or in the middle, or combed straight back, and used pomade (/wiki/Pomade) , creams and tonics (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) to keep their hair in place. At the beginning of the Second World War and for some time afterwards, men's haircuts grew shorter, mimicking the military crewcut (/wiki/Crew_cut) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Post-war years [ edit ] After the war, women started to wear their hair in softer, more natural styles. In the early 1950s women's hair was generally curled and worn in a variety of styles and lengths. In the later 1950s, high bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) and beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) styles, sometimes nicknamed B-52s (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) for their similarity to the bulbous noses of the B-52 Stratofortress (/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress) bomber, became popular. [28] (#cite_note-28) During this period many women washed and set their hair only once a week, and kept it in place by wearing curlers (/wiki/Hair_iron) every night and reteasing and respraying it every morning. [29] (#cite_note-29) In the 1960s, many women began to wear their hair in short modern cuts such as the pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) , while in the 1970s, hair tended to be longer and looser. In both the 1960s and 1970s many men and women wore their hair very long and straight. [30] (#cite_note-Yarwood_1978_220-30) Long, natural hair was also worn due to the emergence of counterculture (/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s) movements such as the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) who used such styles to symbolize their opposition to the norm. From the 1950s onward, various groups have pushed the norms for hairstyles as symbols of their unique ideology or identity. The Skinheads (/wiki/Skinhead) , who opposed the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) , shaved off much of their hair. The Punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) of the later 1970s, meanwhile, wanted to cause outrage, styling their hair in unique ways (such as the mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) ) and dyeing it in unnatural shades. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Women straightened their hair through chemical straightening processes, by ironing their hair at home with a clothes iron (/wiki/Clothes_iron) , or by rolling it up with large empty soda cans while wet. [32] (#cite_note-32) Since the 1960s and 1970s, women have worn their hair in a wide variety of styles. Part of this came from the "Black is Beautiful" movement which promoted the natural beauty of the Black population as opposed to what some considered a Eurocentric model. Some critics argue that straightening or relaxing African hair is trying to conform to a white standard of beauty. However, there are those that disagree with this belief. Nevertheless, Malcom X advised against Black people straightening their hair for such reasons. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) Black hair then became not only an act of beauty but an act of revolution. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) The Afro, specifically, was both fashionable and political in the 1960s onward. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) However, the Afro, or "the natural", as it was first called, was not originally a political choice, but a style favored by both artistic and intellectual Black communities in the 1940s and 1950s. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) Bantu Knots Woman wearing a loose Afro (/wiki/Afro) Contemporary hairstyles [ edit ] Man with styled hair, 2011 The challenges to social norms for hair in the 1960s onward alongside the more accessible hair dyes allowed for a variation in hairstyles to emerge. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) In the contemporary world, women and men can choose from a broad range of hairstyles. But they are still expected to wear their hair in ways that conform to gender norms: in much of the world, men with long hair and women whose hair does not appear carefully groomed may face various forms of discrimination, including harassment, social shaming or workplace discrimination. [35] (#cite_note-35) This is somewhat less true of African-American men, who wear their hair in a variety of styles that overlap with those of African-American women, including box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) and cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) fastened with rubber bands and dreadlocks. [36] (#cite_note-36) In the 1980s, women pulled back their hair with scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) , stretchy ponytail holders made from cloth over fabric bands. Women also often wear glittery ornaments today, as well as claw-style barrettes (/wiki/Hair_clip) used to secure ponytails (/wiki/Ponytail) and other upswept or partially upswept hairstyles. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) The 1980s in America also were a time of noted turmoil between hair choices. Tensions arose particularly between hair choices from women of color, and the workplace as noted by court cases such as Rogers v. American Airlines (/wiki/Rogers_v._American_Airlines_(1981)) which upheld employers rights to ban certain hairstyles in the workplace, notably braided hairstyles. Additional instances of USPS, hotel chains, police departments and another industries banning hairstyles common within the Black American community such as braids, colored hair, and dreadlocks from the workplace during this period. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) Defining factors [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . You can help (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hairstyle&action=edit) . The talk page (/wiki/Talk:Hairstyle) may contain suggestions. ( December 2020 ) A hairstyle's aesthetic considerations may be determined by many factors, such as the subject's physical attributes and desired self-image and/or the stylist's artistic instincts. Physical factors include natural hair type and growth patterns, face and head shape from various angles, and overall body proportions; medical considerations may also apply. Self-image may be directed toward conforming to mainstream values (military-style crew cuts (/wiki/Crew_cut) or current "fad" hairstyles such as the Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) ), identifying with distinctively groomed subgroups (e.g., punk hair (/wiki/Punk_fashion) ), or obeying religious dictates (e.g., Orthodox Jewish have payot (/wiki/Payot) , Rastafari have Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) , North India jatas, or the Sikh practice of Kesh (/wiki/Kesh_(Sikhism)) ), though this is highly contextual such that "mainstream" look in one setting may be limited to a "subgroup" in another. A hairstyle is achieved by arranging hair in a certain way, occasionally using combs, a blow-dryer, gel, or other products. The practice of styling hair is often called hairdressing (/wiki/Hairdresser) , especially when done as an occupation. Hairstyling may also include adding accessories (such as headbands or barrettes) to the hair to hold it in place, enhance its ornamental appearance, or partially or fully conceal it with coverings such as a kippah (/wiki/Kippah) , hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , tam or turban (/wiki/Turban) . Process [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In the United States, cosmetology students purchase practice heads with human hair to learn cutting, coloring and styling. Hair dressing may include cuts, weaves (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) , coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) , extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) , perms (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) , permanent relaxers, curling, and any other form of styling or texturing. Washing [ edit ] Stylists often wash a subject's hair (/wiki/Hair_washing) first, so that the hair is cut while still slightly damp. Compared to dry hair, wet hair can be easier to manage in a cut/style situation because the added weight and surface tension (/wiki/Surface_tension) of the water cause the strands to stretch downward and cling together along the hair's length, holding a line and making it easier for the stylist to create a form. It is important to note that this method of cutting hair while wet, may be most suitable (or common) for straight hair types. Curly, kinky and other types of hair textures with considerable volume may benefit from cutting while dry, as the hair is in a more natural state and the hair can be cut evenly. Cutting [ edit ] Hair cutting or hair trimming is intended to create or maintain a specific shape and form. There are ways to trim one's own hair but usually another person is enlisted to perform the process, as it is difficult to maintain symmetry while cutting hair at the back of one's head. Cutting hair is often done with hair clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) , scissors (/wiki/Scissors) , and razors (/wiki/Razor) . Combs and hair grips (/wiki/Bobby_pin) are often employed to isolate a section of hair which is then trimmed. Brushing and combing [ edit ] Brushes and combs are used to organize and untangle the hair, encouraging all of the strands to lie in the same direction and removing debris such as lint (/wiki/Lint_(material)) , dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) , or hairs that have already shed from their follicles but continue to cling to the other hairs. There are all manner of detangling tools available in a wide variety of price ranges. Combs (/wiki/Comb) come in all shapes and sizes and all manner of materials including plastics, wood, and horn. Similarly, brushes also come in all sizes and shapes, including various paddle shapes. Most benefit from using some form of a wide tooth comb for detangling. Most physicians advise against sharing hair care instruments like combs and clips, to prevent spreading hair conditions like dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) and head lice (/wiki/Head_louse) . The historical dictum to brush hair with one hundred strokes every day is somewhat archaic, dating from a time when hair was washed less frequently; the brushstrokes would spread the scalp's natural oils down through the hair, creating a protective effect. Now, however, this does not apply when the natural oils have been washed off by frequent shampoos. Also, hairbrushes are now usually made with rigid plastic bristles instead of the natural boar's bristles that were once standard; the plastic bristles increase the likelihood of actually injuring the scalp and hair with excessively vigorous brushing. However, traditional brushes with boar's bristles are still commonly used among African Americans and those with coarse or kinky textures to soften and lay down curls and waves. [ citation needed ] Drying [ edit ] Hair dryers (/wiki/Hair_dryer) speed the drying process of hair by blowing air, which is usually heated, over the wet hair shaft to accelerate the rate of water evaporation. Excessive heat may increase the rate of shaft-splitting or other damage to the hair. Hair dryer diffusers can be used to widen the stream of air flow so it is weaker but covers a larger area of the hair. Hair dryers can also be used as a tool to sculpt the hair to a very slight degree. Proper technique involves aiming the dryer such that the air does not blow onto the face or scalp, which can cause burns. Other common hair drying techniques include towel drying and air drying. A barber practicing a haircut in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) Braiding and updos [ edit ] Tight or frequent braiding (/wiki/Braid) may pull at the hair roots and cause traction alopecia (/wiki/Traction_alopecia) . Rubber bands (/wiki/Rubber_band) with metal (/wiki/Metal) clasps (/wiki/Fastener) or tight clips, which bend the hair shaft at extreme angles, can have the same effect. Updo An updo is a hair style that involves arranging the hair so that it is carried high on the head. It can be as simple as a ponytail, but is more commonly associated with more elaborate styles intended for special occasions such as a prom (/wiki/Prom) or weddings. If hair is pinned too tightly, or the whole updo slips causing pulling on the hair in the follicle at the hair root, it can cause aggravation to the hair follicle and result in headaches. Although some people of African heritage may use braiding extensions (long term braiding hairstyle) as a form of convenience and/or as a reflection of personal style, it is important not to keep the braids up longer than needed to avoid hair breakage or hair loss. Proper braiding technique and maintenance can result in no hair damage even with repeated braid styles. Curling and straightening [ edit ] Curling and straightening hair requires the stylist to use a curling rod or a flat iron to get a desired look. These irons use heat to manipulate the hair into a variety of waves, curls and reversing natural curls and temporarily straightening the hair. Straightening or even curling hair can damage it due to direct heat from the iron and applying chemicals afterwards to keep its shape. There are irons that have a function to straighten or curl hair even when it is damp (from showering or wetting the hair), but this requires more heat than the average iron (temperatures can range from 300 to 450 °F (150 to 230 °C)). Heat protection sprays and hair-repairing shampoos and conditioners can protect hair from damage caused by the direct heat from the irons. Industry [ edit ] This section duplicates (/wiki/Wikipedia:CFORK) the scope of other sections , specifically #Process (#Process) . Please discuss this issue (/wiki/Talk:Hairstyle) and help introduce a summary style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by splitting the content (/wiki/Wikipedia:SPLIT) into a new article. ( April 2021 ) Hair styling is a major world industry, from the salon itself to products, advertising, and even magazines on the subject. In the United States, most hairstylists are licensed after obtaining training at a cosmetology or beauty school. [37] (#cite_note-37) In recent years, competitive events for professional stylists have grown in popularity. Stylists compete on deadline to create the most elaborate hairstyle using props, lights and other accessories. Tools [ edit ] Hair being straightened with a hair iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Styling tools (/wiki/Hairstyling_tool) may include hair irons (/wiki/Hair_iron) (including flat, curling, and crimping irons), hair dryers (/wiki/Hair_dryer) , hair brushes (/wiki/Hairbrush) and hair rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) . Hair dressing might also include the use of hair product to add texture, shine, curl, volume or hold to a particular style. Hairpins (/wiki/Hairpin_(fashion)) are also used when creating particular hairstyles. Their uses and designs vary over different cultural backgrounds. Products [ edit ] Styling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) aside from shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) and conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) are many and varied. Leave-in conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , conditioning treatments (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) , gels (/wiki/Hair_gel) , lotions, waxes (/wiki/Hair_wax) , creams, clays (/wiki/Hair_clay) , serums (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , oils, and sprays (/wiki/Hair_spray) are used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it in place in a certain style. Applied properly, most styling products will not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling products contain alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals which can cause build-up, resulting in dull hair or a change in perceived texture. Wigs [ edit ] In the late 18th century and early 19th century, powdered wigs (/wiki/Powdered_wig) were popular Care of human or other natural hair wigs (/wiki/Wig) is similar to care of a normal head of hair in that the wig can be brushed, styled, and kept clean using haircare products. Wigs can serve as a form of protective styling that allows freedom of control of the hairstyling. Synthetic wigs are usually made from a fine fiber that mimics human hair. This fiber can be made in almost any color and hairstyle, and is often glossier than human hair. However, this fiber is sensitive to heat and cannot be styled with flat irons or curling irons. There is a newer synthetic fiber that can take heat up to a certain temperature. Human hair wigs can be styled with heat, and they must be brushed only when dry. Synthetic and human hair wigs should be brushed dry before shampooing to remove tangles. To clean the wig, the wig should be dipped into a container with water and mild shampoo, then dipped in clear water and moved up and down to remove excess water. The wig must then be air dried naturally into its own hairstyle. Proper maintenance can make a human hair wig last for many years. Functional and decorative ornaments [ edit ] There are many options to embellish and arrange the hair. Hairpins, clasps, barrettes, headbands, ribbons, rubber bands, scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) , and combs can be used to achieve a variety of styles. There are also many decorative ornaments that, while they may have clasps to affix them to the hair, are used solely for appearance and do not aid in keeping the hair in place. In India (/wiki/India) for example, the Gajra (/wiki/Gajra) (flower garland) is common there are heaps on hair. Social and cultural implications [ edit ] A one-year-old child getting his first haircut Gender [ edit ] At most times in most cultures, men have worn their hair in styles that are different from women's. American sociologist (/wiki/Sociology) Rose Weitz once wrote that the most widespread cultural rule about hair is that women's hair must differ from men's hair. [38] (#cite_note-38) In western societies-particularly the US, UK, and Canada-hair on the head is more strongly tied to feminine gender expression. Long hair is seen as not only feminine but also more sexually appealing for women. Women are also more likely to style their hair in a variety of ways, including using accessories. Meanwhile, men's styles tended to be uniform amongst one another. Likely due to how many men experience baldness (/wiki/Hair_loss) masculine gender expressions tended to gear towards facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) rather than head hair. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) An exception is the men and women living in the Orinoco-Amazon Basin (/wiki/Orinoco) , where traditionally both genders have worn their hair cut into a bowl shape. In Western countries in the 1960s, both young men and young women wore their hair long and natural, and since then it has become more common for men to grow their hair. [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) During most periods in human history when men and women wore similar hairstyles, as in the 1920s and 1960s, it has generated significant social concern and approbation. [40] (#cite_note-40) In the west, the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) and Punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) are such groups that caused outrage for their overlaps in masculine and feminine presentation. Around the 1950s onward, feminists (/wiki/Feminism) in the US opposed traditionally feminine beauty standards of long hair and little or no body hair (/wiki/Body_hair) . Both of which often take much effort to maintain and were seen as a symbol of oppression. Though the specifics of what sort of hairstyles or other beauty norms are "oppressive" was highly debated. Typically, many have aimed towards styles which take less maintenance. Meanwhile there are also non-political examples of challenging gender presentation with performers presenting as cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) or with androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) appearances. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Religion [ edit ] Hair in religion also plays an important role since women and men, when deciding to dedicate their life to faith, often change their haircut. Baldness is likely chosen as a common spiritual symbol of dedication because it is perceived as a sign of aging and thus, undesirable. Cutting or shaving one's hair is a rejection of worldly pride and vanity. There may be another layer of giving up sexuality as well, as hair is seen as a sex symbol, so the inverse of little or no hair could be a symbol of celibacy- a common oath for holy people. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_Church) nuns often cut their hair very short, and men who joined Catholic monastic orders in the eighth century adopted what was known as the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) , which involved shaving the tops of their heads and leaving a ring of hair around the bald crown. [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) Many Buddhists (/wiki/Buddhism) , Hajj (/wiki/Hajj) pilgrims and Vaisnavas (/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism) , especially members of the Hare Krishna (/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness) movement who are brahmacharis (/wiki/Brahmacharya) or sannyasis (/wiki/Sannyasa) , shave their heads. Some Hindu (/wiki/Hindus) and most Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads upon entering their order, and Korean Buddhist monks and nuns have their heads shaved every 15 days. [41] (#cite_note-41) Conversely, there are also practices of keeping the hair long and/or uncut. One such example are adherents of Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism) are required to wear their hair unshorn. Women usually wear it in a braid or a bun and men cover it with a turban also known as a dastār (/wiki/Dastar) . Other religions also have various kinds of head coverings. The three Abrahamic religions (/wiki/Abrahamic_religions) , for instance all have some sort of religious writing on head coverings, particularly for women. In Islam (/wiki/Islam) women wear the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) for modesty and covers the hair as well as chest. [42] (#cite_note-42) In Judaism (/wiki/Judaism) mostly married women wear coverings such as the tichel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) , and in some branches men wear the kippah (/wiki/Kippah) mostly in prayers. [43] (#cite_note-43) Meanwhile, due to the varied branches of Christianity (/wiki/Christianity) , not all Christian women wear coverings and there are various kinds of head covering (/wiki/Christian_head_covering) . [44] (#cite_note-44) Marital status [ edit ] In the 1800s, American women started wearing their hair up when they became ready to get married. Among the Fulani (/wiki/Fula_people) people of west Africa, unmarried women wear their hair ornamented with small amber beads and coins, while married women wear large amber ornaments. Marriage is signified among the Toposa (/wiki/Toposa_people) women of South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) by wearing the hair in many small pigtails (/wiki/Pigtail) . Unmarried Hopi (/wiki/Hopi) women have traditionally worn a "butterfly" hairstyle characterized by a twist or whorl of hair at each side of the face. [45] (#cite_note-45) Hindu widows in India (/wiki/India) used to shave their heads as part of their mourning although that practice has mostly disappeared. Life transitions [ edit ] In many cultures, including Hindu culture and among the Wayana people (/wiki/Wayana) of the Guiana highlands (/wiki/Guiana_Shield) , young people have historically shaved off their hair to denote coming-of-age. Women in India (/wiki/India) historically have signified adulthood by switching from wearing two braids to one. Among the Rendille (/wiki/Rendille_people) of north-eastern Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) and the Tchikrin people of the Brazilian rainforest (/wiki/Amazon_rainforest) , both men and women shave their heads after the death of a close family member. When a man died in ancient Greece (/wiki/Greece) , his wife cut off her hair and buried it with him, [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) and in Hindu families, the chief mourner is expected to shave his or her head 3 days after the death. [46] (#cite_note-46) Social class [ edit ] Upper-class people have always used their hairstyles to signal wealth and status. Wealthy Roman women wore complex hairstyles that needed the labours of several people to maintain them, [47] (#cite_note-47) and rich people have also often chosen hairstyles that restricted or burdened their movement, making it obvious that they did not need to work. [48] (#cite_note-48) Wealthy people's hairstyles used to be at the cutting edge of fashion, setting the styles for the less wealthy. But today, the wealthy are generally observed to wear their hair in conservative styles that date back decades prior. [49] (#cite_note-49) Middle-class hairstyles tend to be understated and professional. Middle-class people aspire to have their hair look healthy and natural, implying that they have the resources to live a healthy lifestyle and take good care of themselves. [ citation needed ] European-influenced Working-class people's haircuts have tended to be somewhat simple. Working-class men have often shaved their heads or worn their hair close-cropped. While working-class women typically with long hair often have their hair sinched back away from their faces and secured on their scalp. [ citation needed ] Health [ edit ] Hair, when it is natural and meets certain criteria, is one of the indicators of a person's good or poor health. This is one of the explanations for the significant role that hairstyles play in both sexual and emotional attraction. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) In the past, certain products used for hair graying (/wiki/Hair_graying) (such as lead oxide or lead combs) have been a source of lead poisoning. Hair is sensitive to air pollution, particularly to various metallic pollutants in the environment (such as lead, mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) , or arsenic (/wiki/Arsenic) [52] (#cite_note-52) ). These metals can also be absorbed through food and beverages (/wiki/Beverages) , as hair bioconcentrates and stores them from the bloodstream to the skin. [53] (#cite_note-53) Additionally, certain medications can lead to hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) , and this may be worsened by specific hairstyles. [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) According to a study [56] (#cite_note-Etude2016-56) published in 2016 by the American Academy of Dermatology (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology) and notably reported by The Root [57] (#cite_note-57) and Science magazine (/wiki/Science_Magazine) , [58] (#cite_note-58) certain tightly braided hairstyles that exert significant and constant tension on the scalp can contribute to a specific form of alopecia known as traction alopecia (TA). This article categorized hairstyling practices into high, moderate, and low-risk categories of induced alopecia, enabling dermatologists and physicians to provide more precise advice to affected patients. [56] (#cite_note-Etude2016-56) [59] (#cite_note-59) This is the case with common hairstyles among African-American women (/wiki/African-American_women) , including extensions, braids, and dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) . This may explain why approximately one-third of black women suffer from hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) . Hair damage can be further exacerbated by the use of chemical products used for chemical straightening. The study's findings support recommendations to wear looser hairstyles and avoid keeping braids and extensions for more than a few months. [60] (#cite_note-60) Certain products ( hair dyes (/wiki/Hair_dyes) , hairsprays (/wiki/Hair_spray) , bleaches, etc.) may contain allergenic ingredients. Several studies suggest that certain hairstyles or the use of bleaching or dyeing products may increase the risk of certain cancers (melanomas, as well as carcinomas (/wiki/Carcinomas) [61] (#cite_note-risqueCancerus1983-61) ); thus, long and dark hair that shades the skin and protects it from excessive ultraviolet exposure could be a protective factor against certain skin cancers (such as ear cancers). [61] (#cite_note-risqueCancerus1983-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Haircuts in space [ edit ] NASA astronaut Catherine (Cady) Coleman (/wiki/Catherine_Coleman) trims the hair of Paolo Nespoli (/wiki/Paolo_Nespoli) in the Kibō laboratory (/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)) on the International Space Station (/wiki/International_Space_Station) during Expedition 26 (/wiki/Expedition_26) . A hair clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) attached to a vacuum cleaner (/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner) removes free-floating hair clippings. [63] (#cite_note-NASA-63) Haircuts also occur in the International Space Station (/wiki/International_Space_Station) . During the various expeditions astronauts use hair clippers attached to vacuum devices for grooming their colleagues so that the cut hair will not drift inside the weightless environment of the space station and become a nuisance to the astronauts or a hazard to the sensitive equipment installations inside the station. [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-Sunita-65) [66] (#cite_note-Edward_T._Lu-66) Haircutting in space was also used for charitable purposes in the case of astronaut Sunita Williams (/wiki/Sunita_Williams) who obtained such a haircut by fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham (/wiki/Joan_Higginbotham) inside the International Space Station. Sunita's ponytail was brought back to earth with the STS-116 (/wiki/STS-116) crew and was donated to Locks of Love (/wiki/Locks_of_Love) . [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-Pearlman-68) See also [ edit ] Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Roman hairstyles (/wiki/Roman_hairstyles) Osadia (/wiki/Osadia) Hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Taxonomy of the Sheitel" (https://forward.com/articles/203226/taxonomy-of-the-sheitel/) . The Forward . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Women > Veiling > What is the Hijab and Why do Women Wear it? – Arabs in America" (http://arabsinamerica.unc.edu/identity/veiling/hijab/) . arabsinamerica.unc.edu . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Gift of Dastar | SikhNet" (https://www.sikhnet.com/news/gift-dastar) . SikhNet . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf)" (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/paleolithic-art/v/nude-woman-venus-of-willendorf-c-28-000-25-000-b-c-e) – via www.khanacademy.org. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Harding, Anthony (January 2008). "Razors and male identity in the Bronze Age" (https://www.academia.edu/2459391) . Durch die Zeiten (Festschrift für Albrecht Jockenhövel) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Yarwood, Doreen (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. pp. 216–220 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/216) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 142 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/142) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b Choi, Na-Young. "Symbolism of Hairstyles in Korea and Japan". Asian Folklore Studies . 65 (1): 69–86 – via JSTOR. ^ Jump up to: a b Adams, David and Jacki Wadeson (1998). The Art of Hair Colouring . Cengage Publishing. p. 1. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-86152-894-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b Yarwood, Doreen (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. p. 216 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/216) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sherrow, Victoria (2006). Encyclopedia of hair: a cultural history . Greenwood. p. 2 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher/page/2) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-33145-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Davis, Natalie Zemon and Arlette Farge (1993). A history of women in the west volume III: Renaissance and enlightenment paradoxes . Belknap Press. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-40372-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Condra, Jill (2007). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing through World History: Volume 2, 1501–1800 . Greenwood. pp. 45 and 72. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33664-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) marcelgomessweden. "Louis XIII « The Beautiful Times" (http://thebeautifultimes.wordpress.com/tag/louis-xiii/) . Thebeautifultimes.wordpress.com . Retrieved 16 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hunt, Lynn, "Freedom of Dress in Revolutionary France", p. 243, in From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France , Editors: Sara E. Melzer, Kathryn Norberg, 1998, University of California Press, 1998, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-520-20807-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20807-2) ,9780520208070 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Rifelj, Carol De Dobay, Coiffures: Hair in Nineteenth-Century French Literature and Culture , p. 35, 2010, University of Delaware Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87413-099-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-099-9) , 9780874130997, Google Books (https://books.google.com/books?id=fFdBoGMJktgC) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 143 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/143) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Condra, Jill (2007). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1501–1800 . Greenwood. p. 149. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33664-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Keyes, Jean (1967). A history of women's hairstyles,1500–1965 . Methuen. ASIN (/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)) B0000CNN46 (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CNN46) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Root, Regina A. (2005). The Latin American fashion reader (Dress, Body, Culture) . Berg Publishers. p. 33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85973-893-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) O'Brien, Suzanne G. (10 November 2008). "Splitting Hairs: History and the Politics of Daily Life in Nineteenth-Century Japan" (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=23FA96F632BC198005F26BFA146E96BA.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=2541948) . The Journal of Asian Studies . 67 (4): 1309–1339. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/S0021911808001794 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911808001794) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 145239880 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145239880) . Retrieved 19 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Slade, Toby (2010). Japanese Fashion: a Cultural History . Berg Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-252-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Jun Yoo, Theodore (2008). The politics of gender in colonial Korea: education, labor, and health, 1910–1945 . University of California Press. p. 76. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-25288-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Roberts, Mary Louise (June 1993). "Samson and Delilah Revisited: The Politics of Women's Fashion in 1920s France" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2167545) . The American Historical Review . 98 (3): 657–684. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2167545 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2167545) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2167545 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2167545) – via JSTOR. ^ (#cite_ref-WDL_26-0) "Women Getting their Hair Done at the Chez Marie Beauty Shop" (http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4026) . World Digital Library (/wiki/World_Digital_Library) . Retrieved 8 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Peterson, Amy T. and Ann T. Kellogg (2008). The Greenwood encyclopedia of clothing through American history . Greenwood. p. 278. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-35855-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Patrick, Bethanne; John Thompson (2009). An Uncommon History of Common Things . National Geographic. p. 206. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4262-0420-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Craats, Rennay (2001). History of the 1960s . Weigl Publishers. p. 15. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-930954-29-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-Yarwood_1978_220_30-0) Yarwood, Doreen (/wiki/Doreen_Yarwood) (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. p. 220 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/220) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Synnott, Anthony (September 1987). "Shame and Glory: A Sociology of Hair" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/590695) . The British Journal of Sociology . 38 (3): 381–413. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/590695 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F590695) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 590695 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/590695) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 144 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/144) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Patton, Tracy Owens (Summer 2006). "Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair". National Women's Studies Association Journal . 18 (2): 21–51. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 4317206 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4317206) . ^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Susannah (2007). Style and Status: Selling Beauty to African American Women, 1920-1975 . Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 179. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Weitz, Rose (2004). Rapunzel's Daughters: What Women's Hair Tells Us About Women's Lives . Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-24082-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Banks, Ingrid (2008). Hair matters: beauty, power, and Black women's consciousness . New York: NYU Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8147-1337-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) The American Association of Cosmetology Schools (http://www.beautyschools.org/) ^ (#cite_ref-38) Ofek, Galia (2009). Representations of hair in Victorian literature and culture . Ashgate. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-6161-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 141 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/141) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) DeMello, Margo (2007). Encyclopedia of body adornment . Greenwood. p. 141. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33695-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Geraldine A. Larkin (/wiki/Geri_Larkin) , First You Shave Your Head , Celestial Arts (/wiki/Celestial_Arts) (2001), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-58761-009-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58761-009-4) ^ (#cite_ref-42) "The Noble Quran" (https://previous.quran.com/24:31?font=v1&translations=131%2C20) . previous.quran.com . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Shulchan Arukh, Even HaEzer 115:4" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh%2C_Even_HaEzer.115.4?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "oremus Bible Browser: 1 Corinthians 11:2–10" (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:2%E2%80%9310&version=nrsv) . bible.oremus.org . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. pp. 141–143 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/141) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) ul Hassan, Syed Siraj (1920). The castes and tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's dominions, Volume 1 . Bombay: The Times Press. p. 46. ^ (#cite_ref-47) Winter, Bruce W. (2003). Roman wives, Roman widows: the appearance of new women and the Pauline communities . Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 104. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8028-4971-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Ofek, Galia (2009). Representations of hair in Victorian literature and culture . Ashgate. p. 2. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-6161-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Fussell, Paul (1992). Class: A Guide Through the American Status System . Touchstone. p. 54 (https://archive.org/details/class00paul/page/54) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-671-79225-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Swami, V., Furnham, A., & Joshi, K. (2008). The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair color on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health, and fertility (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viren_Swami/publication/5399253_The_Influence_of_Skin_Tone_Hair_Length_and_Hair_Colour_on_Ratings_of_Womens_Physical_Attractiveness_Health_and_Fertility/links/562496bf08ae70315b5dbcc8.pdf) . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(5), 429-437. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "6 Signs Your Hair is Healthy" (https://www.southernliving.com/fashion-beauty/hairstyles/healthy-hair-signs) . Southern Living . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Hindmarsh, J. T., Dekerkhove, D., Grime, G., & Powell, J. (1999). Hair arsenic as an index of toxicity. Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (Chappell WR, Abernathy CO, Calderon RL, eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 41-49. ^ (#cite_ref-53) Pierard, G. E. (1979). Toxic effects of metals from the environment on hair growth and structure. Journal of cutaneous pathology, 6(4), 237-242. ^ (#cite_ref-54) Van Scott, E. J., Reinertson, R. P., & Steinmuller, R. (1957). The Growing Hair Roots of the Human Scalp and Morphologic Changes Therein Following Amethopterin Therapy . Journal of investigative dermatology, 29(3), 197-204. ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Caution: 'Acceptable' Black Women's Hairstyles May Harm Health" (https://www.wbur.org/news/2014/07/14/black-womens-hairstyles-health) . www.wbur.org . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Alessandra H & Crystal A (2016) All hairstyles are not created equal: What the dermatologist needs to know about black hairstyling practices and the risk of traction alopecia (TA); American Academy of Dermatology; Ed: Elsevier; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1162 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1162) ; abstract (http://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622%2816%2901398-0/abstract) . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Breanna Edwards (2016) Weaves, Braids, Extensions, Oh My! Why Your Favorite Hairstyles May Be Contributing to Hair Loss Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160501173517/http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2016/04/weaves_braids_extensions_oh_my_why_your_favorite_hairstyles_may_be_contributing.html) 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ; 2016-04-28. ^ (#cite_ref-58) When hairstyles cause hair loss , Science Mag, 2016-04-29. ^ (#cite_ref-59) cupido, lisa (24 July 2023). "3 Life-Changing Hairstyles Pros Swear By For Instantly 'Thick And Healthy' Hair An 'Instant Facelift' (https://www.shefinds.com/collections/3-life-changing-hairstyles-thick-healthy/) " (https://www.shefinds.com/collections/3-life-changing-hairstyles-thick-healthy/) . SheFinds . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "4 Styling Mistakes That Could Actually Make Your Hair Fall Out" (https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a19993088/hairstyles-that-damage-hair/) . Women's Health . 11 May 2017 . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Scotto J, Fears T.R & Fraumeni J.F (1983) Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States . ^ (#cite_ref-62) Laforgue, Jules (1986). Oeuvres complètes (in French). L'AGE D'HOMME. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-8251-0590-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-NASA_63-0) "Spaceflight gallery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110401234048/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-26/html/iss026e017741.html) . Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-26/html/iss026e017741.html) on 1 April 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-64) "International Space Station Imagery ISS016-E-014192 (1 Dec. 2007)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071208103815/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-16/html/iss016e014192.html) . NASA. Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-16/html/iss016e014192.html) on 8 December 2007 . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sunita_65-0) Williams, Sunita. "Journal of Sunita Williams" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230405235154/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/journal_sunita_williams_7.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/journal_sunita_williams_7.html) on 5 April 2023 . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . So, you may be wondering how we do this and not get hair all over the place…Can you figure out how we do this by the picture? ^ (#cite_ref-Edward_T._Lu_66-0) Edward T. Lu. "Greetings Earthlings" (https://web.archive.org/web/20030906153525/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/luletters/lu_letter9.html) . Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/luletters/lu_letter9.html) on 6 September 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-67) CollectSpace.com (20 December 2006). "Astronaut cuts her hair in space for charity" (http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121906a.html) . Retrieved 8 June 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pearlman_68-0) Pearlman, Robert Z. (19 December 2006). "Astronaut Cuts Her Hair in Space for Charity" (http://www.space.com/3283-astronaut-cuts-hair-space-charity.html) . Space.com . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . 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Health and medical Greying of hair (/wiki/Greying_of_hair) Hair follicle (/wiki/Hair_follicle) Hair growth (/wiki/Human_hair_growth) Trichology (/wiki/Trichology) Related Andre Walker Hair Typing System (/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System) Beard and haircut laws by country (/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country) Bearded lady (/wiki/Bearded_lady) Barber (/wiki/Barber) ( pole (/wiki/Barber%27s_pole) ) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Frizz (/wiki/Frizz) Good hair (/wiki/Good_hair) Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) list (/wiki/List_of_hairdressers) Hair fetishism (/wiki/Hair_fetishism) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018640-4) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565949605171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh86006365) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564808) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116910&CON_LNG=ENG) Other Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016309) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐5wrql Cached time: 20240719080857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.115 seconds Real time usage: 1.387 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5827/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 199527/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4744/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 21/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 261975/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.653/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17729929/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1113.529 1 -total 37.59% 418.562 1 Template:Reflist 12.81% 142.669 31 Template:Cite_book 11.01% 122.593 7 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Jewellery Victorian jewellery originated in England (/wiki/England) ; it was produced during the Victoria era (/wiki/Victoria_era) , when Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) reigned from 1837 to 1901. Queen Victoria was an influential figure who established the different trends in Victorian jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . [1] (#cite_note-:9-1) The amount of jewellery acquired throughout the era established a person's identity and status. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Victorian jewellery included a diverse variety of styles and fashions. These phases can be categorised into three distinct periods: the Romantic, Grand, and Aesthetic periods. Identity and status [ edit ] Victorian woman wearing jewellery The role of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) within Victorian culture (/wiki/Victorian_culture) was important in determining a person’s identity (/wiki/Cultural_identity) and social status (/wiki/Social_status) . The Western world (/wiki/Western_world) has often objectified jewels as aesthetic (/wiki/Aesthetics) objects that are highly desired. Jewels are much sought after due to their association with respectability, class prestige, monetary value and current trends within society (/wiki/Society) . [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Additionally, given its status, jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) was viewed as a commodity (/wiki/Commodity) that contributed to Victorian capitalism (/wiki/Capitalism) . [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) A person’s status in society (/wiki/Society) could be demonstrated by wearing jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . Consumerism (/wiki/Consumerism) was crucial in prompting the purchasing of different types of jewels, which were able to determine a person’s wealth (/wiki/Wealth) and social class (/wiki/Social_class) . [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Due to the financial value of jewels, lower classes (/wiki/Lower_classes) could not afford to keep up with this fashion trend. If a woman did not wear jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , it was assumed it was because she was unable to afford it due to her position in the working class (/wiki/Working_class) . [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Due to such a large demand for particular jewels, rapid manufacturing (/wiki/Manufacturing) assisted in producing jewels. The imitation of these particular jewels were made more affordable for middle class (/wiki/Middle_class) people. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) During the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) , jewels were mostly worn by women. It was unconventional for men to wear jewels given jewels were considered a feminine (/wiki/Femininity) object. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Women that wore jewels were considered an object of beauty (/wiki/Beauty) . [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Although men did not wear jewels, men commonly gifted jewels to a woman they admired. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Different periods of Victorian jewellery [ edit ] Jewellery throughout the Victorian era remains prominent for its design and composition. The production of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) throughout the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) was distinct, as it marked change and innovative (/wiki/Innovation) practices through the use of new machinery (/wiki/Machine) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Machinery (/wiki/Machine) allowed fast production of jewellery and replaced work that could be done by an individual. The collection of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) created throughout the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) was diverse, for this reason Victorian jewellery can be divided into three distinct periods: The Romantic period, the Grand period and the Aesthetic Period. Each period consists of key features. These features consisted of different sources of inspiration, different materials (/wiki/Material) and prominent types of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . A cameo used throughout the Romantic period The Romantic period (1837-1861) [ edit ] The first period in Victorian jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) is known as the Romantic period or early Victorian period. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) During this period, inspiration derived from the Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) , Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) and the natural world. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) This period saw a rise in the use of gold (/wiki/Gold) material, [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) which contributed to the construction of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . Key features in this period consisted of: Themes: The natural world inspired motifs such as serpents and lotus flowers, [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) snakes, serpents, trees and birds. Materials: Common materials used were gold (/wiki/Gold) , seed pearls, ivory, tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) , coral (/wiki/Coral) , onyx (/wiki/Onyx) , agate (/wiki/Agate) , diamonds (/wiki/Diamond) , [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) amber (/wiki/Amber) , amethyst (/wiki/Amethyst) , emerald (/wiki/Emerald) and quartz (/wiki/Quartz) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Common jewellery worn: Rings and brooches (/wiki/Brooch) , bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) and cameos. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Gold mourning ring used during the Grand period The Grand period (1861- 1885) [ edit ] The second period in Victorian jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) is known as the Grand period or the mid-Victorian period. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) This period saw a sharp change in design from delicate to bold which paralleled the changing social roles and representation of women (/wiki/Woman) at the time. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) During this period, imitations of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) were prominent and costume jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) originated. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) This period witnessed the emergence of women in business and politics (/wiki/Politics) and saw women demanding to study at university (/wiki/University) , the right to vote (/wiki/Voting) and to earn their own money (/wiki/Money) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Key features in this period consisted of: Themes: Insects (/wiki/Insect) such as flies (/wiki/Fly) , butterflies (/wiki/Butterfly) , dragonflies (/wiki/Dragonfly) and beetles (/wiki/Beetle) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Materials: Gold (/wiki/Gold) was used to create a ‘soft’ look, colourless stones, silver (/wiki/Silver) , jet, ivory and pearls (/wiki/Pearl) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Common jewellery worn: Earrings (/wiki/Earring) , brooches (/wiki/Brooch) , bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) , necklaces (/wiki/Necklace) for outings during the night and l ockets (/wiki/Locket) as casual daywear. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The death of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) ’s husband, Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) in 1861, also inspired the use of mourning jewellery in this period (see Victorian jewellery § Mourning jewellery (#Mourning_jewellery) ) The Aesthetic period (1885-1901) [ edit ] The third period in Victorian jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) is known as the Aesthetic period or the late Victorian period. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) During this period, there was a distinct change in how women wore jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . This period encouraged the agency of women in society (/wiki/Society) , with women’s rise to power with the creation of their own political organisations (/wiki/Political_organisation) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) This change encouraged freedom of thought (/wiki/Freedom_of_thought) and less of a desire to be seen as feminine. Due to this, significantly less jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) was purchased with women only choosing to wear jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) on special occasions, and little jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) being worn casually throughout the day. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) A typical Victorian engagement ring from the Aesthetic period Key features in this period consisted of: Themes: the return of the romantic style such as soft and natural colours, butterflies (/wiki/Butterfly) and roses (/wiki/Rose) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Materials: amethysts (/wiki/Amethyst) , emeralds (/wiki/Emerald) and opals (/wiki/Opal) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Common jewellery worn: small and simple broaches (/wiki/Brooch) , earrings (/wiki/Earring) , the use of bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) almost disappeared. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) During this era, Queen Victoria also continued to inspire the wearing of mourning jewellery (see Victorian jewellery § Mourning jewellery (#Mourning_jewellery) ). Hair jewellery [ edit ] A mourning brooch containing hair Hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) became an established fashion during the mid eighteenth century. Hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) became increasingly prominent in the 1850s with this trend lasting until the 1880s. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Although hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) existed before 1861, its use by Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) after the death of her husband, Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) , reignited and heightened the popularity of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) . [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) The practice of using hair as mourning jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) forms part of the Victorian relic culture (/wiki/Relic) . The idea of incorporating hair strands into jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) is a method of materialising (/wiki/Materialism) the mourning process (/wiki/Mourning) . Hair is incorporated into jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) as a memento, considering it is the only part of the body that does not change or decay after death (/wiki/Death) . [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) The use of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) stems from the material need to create an emotional connection with the departed, even beyond the grave (/wiki/Grave) . [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Hair was considered a versatile material that was incorporated into a variety of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . Hair was commonly interwoven into bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) , earrings (/wiki/Earring) , brooches (/wiki/Brooch) , rings and watch chains. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Materials such as pearls (/wiki/Pearl) , gold (/wiki/Gold) , gems (/wiki/Gemstone) and enamels were commonly added to hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) as decoration. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) A common use for hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) was to acknowledge and remember the departed and the second use of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) was to commemorate the departed throughout funeral ceremonies (/wiki/Funeral) . Funeral ceremonies (/wiki/Funeral) permitted women to wear specific hair ornaments. Hair ornaments incorporated motifs of skeletons (/wiki/Skeleton) , coffins (/wiki/Coffin) , angels (/wiki/Angel) and crossbones (/wiki/Skull_and_crossbones_(symbol)) . [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The use of braided hair was also incorporated in the floral arrangements (/wiki/Floral_design) used at funerals (/wiki/Funeral) . [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Other than their use as a romantic keepsake and their use at funerals (/wiki/Funeral) , hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) represented a material object and popular fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . Hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) was not worn and accessible for all, its use was limited to middle class (/wiki/Middle_class) and upper class women (/wiki/Upper_class) . Hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) was seen as a use of tangible objects that could signify a woman’s femininity (/wiki/Femininity) and status within society (/wiki/Society) . [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) The creation of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) by a woman expressed her femininity (/wiki/Femininity) and became a common craft (/wiki/Craft) . A woman’s ability to produce handicrafts (/wiki/Handicraft) such as hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) demonstrated she was an ideal homemake (/wiki/Homemaking) r. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Women that successfully produced hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) demonstrated their domestic skills and womanhood within society (/wiki/Society) . [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) The craft of creating jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) using woven hair was a skill that was transferred between a mother and her daughter. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The large demand for making hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) called for a woman's desire to be industrious from the comfort of her own home. Hair jewellery was often produced within the home environment using tools (/wiki/Tool) such as a curling-iron, tweezers, gum, a porcelain pallet and a knife. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) An increase in women individually creating their own hair jewellery stemmed from a lack of trust for jewellers. The act of sending hair fragments of a beloved person to a jeweller was considered a dangerous act given that there was no assurance that the hair incorporated in the jewellery belonged to their beloved. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Due to this, women began the craft (/wiki/Craft) of creating their own hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Apart from its main use as mourning jewellery, hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) also had a secondary use. This use accounts for the exchanging of sentimental jewellery by using hair from living persons to represent friendship (/wiki/Friendship) . [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Hair jewellery associated with Queen Victoria is very collectible - recent pieces going for tens of thousands of pounds at auction. [9] (#cite_note-9) Mourning jewellery [ edit ] Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and the royal family The process of mourning (/wiki/Mourning) was a long-lasting and was performed by both men and women. During the process of grieving, mourning jewellery was predominantly worn by females. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) The idea of women wearing jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) during their mourning period pertains to the idea of womanhood and how women must keep their status alive to represent their husband (/wiki/Husband) , even whilst in deep mourning. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Following the death of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) ’s husband Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) , Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) entered a mourning period. This mourning period spanned more than 40 years until the death of the Queen (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) . [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) Many grievers participated during the mourning of Prince Albert. (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) enforced a mourning period upon the court. [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) Throughout this mourning period Jet jewels were the only acceptable jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) that could be worn. [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) The practice of wearing black mourning jewellery continued even after the mourning period of Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) given the high infant mortality rate (/wiki/Infant_mortality) existing in England (/wiki/England) at the time. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Victorian mourning brooch After the death of a beloved, a ritual (/wiki/Ritual) of mourning applied for grievers. The ritual commenced from the day of the person’s death until at least one year after the death of the person. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) During this time grievers were not permitted to wear shiny or reflective materials and must be entirely dressed in black, this was inclusive of clothes (/wiki/Clothing) and jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) In contrast, the second year of mourning permitted grievers to wear more subdued colours such as white or colourless materials, pearls (/wiki/Pearl) and diamonds (/wiki/Diamond) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Wearing mourning jewellery displayed the strong connection between a beloved and the deceased (/wiki/Death) person. For this reason, the Victorian mourning period saw the development of personalised jewellery that were used as momentos. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Mourning jewellery often displayed initials or the names of the deceased and their date of death (/wiki/Death) which were engraved (/wiki/Engraving) into the jewellery in remembrance of the departed. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) A mourning ring for the author Charlotte Brontë (/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB) , for instance, was rediscovered in 2019 - it was inscribed with her name and death date (March 1855), and held a braid of her hair behind a locked panel. [11] (#cite_note-11) The symbol of eyes (/wiki/Eye) had a powerful significance in mourning jewellery. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) A single eye was often included in jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) such as brooches (/wiki/Brooch) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) An eye (/wiki/Eye) signified a spiritual presence of the departed with the person who wore the jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , in this way the departed could watch over the person who was wearing the jewellery. Another element often incorporated into jewellery were pearls (/wiki/Pearl) which represented tear drops. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) The fashion of mourning jewellery gradually declined in 1901 following the death of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) . [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Throughout the mourning period, there were two main materials (/wiki/Material) that became frequently sourced in jewellery. In order to keep up with the demand for these materials sourced in mourning jewellery, imitations of these materials were discovered. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Some of these imitations include hardened rubber also known as “french jet”, black enamel and black glass. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The two main materials used to create mourning jewellery consisted of jet and black onyx (/wiki/Onyx) jewels. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) Jet jewels [ edit ] Throughout the mid nineteenth century, jet was a material that was much sought after due to its use in mourning jewellery. Due to large demand for jet, in Whitby (/wiki/Whitby) ( England (/wiki/England) ), a large industry (/wiki/Industry_(economics)) was established. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The fossilised material, jet was valued because it was lightweight, intense black in colour, durable, inexpensive and could be easily carved (/wiki/Carving) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) Jet was used to design mourning jewellery such as bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) , necklaces (/wiki/Necklace) , brooches (/wiki/Brooch) , cameos and pendants (/wiki/Pendant) . [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) After the death of Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) , Queen Victoria’s (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) love of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) was less evident. The Queen (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) mostly wore jet jewels, hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) containing the prince (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) ’s hair and her wedding ring. [1] (#cite_note-:9-1) [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Black onyx jewels [ edit ] Black onyx necklace Black onyx (/wiki/Onyx) was also commonly used to make mourning jewellery. Black onyx (/wiki/Onyx) otherwise known as black-dyed chalcedony, was a material mostly used in constructing cameos and was used in beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Gere, Charlotte (2012). "Victoria & Albert Love and art: Queen Victoria's personal jewellery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20240302091431/https://www.rct.uk/sites/default/files/V%20and%20A%20Art%20and%20Love%20(Gere).pdf) (PDF) . Royal Collection (/wiki/Royal_Collection) Trust. Archived from the original (https://rct.uk/sites/default/files/V%20and%20A%20Art%20and%20Love%20%28Gere%29.pdf) (PDF) on 2 March 2024 . Retrieved 19 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Arnold, Jean (2011). VICTORIAN JEWELRY, IDENTITY, AND THE NOVEL : prisms of culture . Routledge. pp. 1–32. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 982532145 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/982532145) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Warner, Patricia Campbell (1986). "Mourning and Memorial Jewelry of the Victorian Age" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/036121186803657472) . Dress . 12 (1): 55–60. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/036121186803657472 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F036121186803657472) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0361-2112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2112) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Flower, Margaret (1967). Victorian Jewellery . London: Cassell. ^ (#cite_ref-:0_5-0) "A Guide to Early Victorian Romantic Period Jewelry - International Gem Society" (https://www.gemsociety.org/article/victorian-period-jewelry-1837-1860/) . International Gem Society . Retrieved 29 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Yan, Shu-chuan (2019). "The Art of Working in Hair: Hair Jewellery and Ornamental Handiwork in Victorian Britain" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17496772.2019.1620429) . The Journal of Modern Craft . 12 (2): 123–139. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/17496772.2019.1620429 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17496772.2019.1620429) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1749-6772 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1749-6772) . ^ Jump up to: a b Lutz, Deborah (2011). "The dead still among us: Victorian secular relics, hair jewelry and death culture" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000306) . Victorian Literature and Culture . 39 (1): 127–142. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/s1060150310000306 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1060150310000306) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1060-1503 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1060-1503) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Magulis, Marlyn Irvin (2002). "Victorian mourning jewelry". Antiques & Collecting Magazine . 3 : 20–23. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Queen Victoria's Mourning Jewels Find New Life at Auction" (https://nationaljeweler.com/articles/9636-queen-victoria-s-mourning-jewels-find-new-life-at-auction) . nationaljeweler.com . Retrieved 28 June 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Carvalho, Luís Mendonça de; Fernandes, Francisca Maria; Nunes, Maria de Fátima; Brigola, João (2013). "Whitby jet jewels in the Victorian age" (https://dx.doi.org/10.3100/025.018.0206) . Harvard Papers in Botany . 18 (2): 133–136. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3100/025.018.0206 (https://doi.org/10.3100%2F025.018.0206) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10174/10071 (https://hdl.handle.net/10174%2F10071) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1043-4534 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1043-4534) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Charlotte Brontë's hair found in mourning ring on BBC's Antiques Roadshow" (https://www.antiqueringboutique.com/blogs/antique-jewellery/bronte-mourning-ring) . Antique Ring Boutique . 15 April 2019 . 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Alopec+Technologies+Pvt+Ltd%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Alopec_Technologies_Pvt_Ltd) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Alopec_Technologies_Pvt_Ltd&defaults=y) Declined by Maliner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Maliner) 55 days ago. Last edited by Maliner (/wiki/User:Maliner) 55 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Rohitbaride&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Elfinic.com Elfinic.com [ edit ] Elfinic.com is an Indian e-commerce company and brand owned by Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd., established in 2022. The company is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana, and operates primarily in the online retail sector, offering a wide range of products across various categories. Elfinic.com has quickly become a notable player in the Indian e-commerce market, distinguishing itself through its commitment to customer satisfaction and technological innovation. History [ edit ] Elfinic.com was founded in 2022 by a team of entrepreneurs associated with Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd. The establishment of Elfinic.com was driven by the rapidly growing e-commerce market in India and the increasing preference among Indian consumers for online shopping platforms. The founders recognized the potential for a new entrant to provide enhanced shopping experiences through technology and customer-centric policies. Product Range and Categories [ edit ] Elfinic.com offers a diverse array of products across multiple categories, including: Electronics: Smartphones, laptops, cameras, home appliances, and accessories. Fashion: Clothing, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and children. Home and Kitchen: Furniture, decor, kitchenware, and home improvement products. Books: A wide selection of books across genres, including fiction, non-fiction, educational, and professional. Health and Beauty: Personal care products, health supplements, and beauty items. The platform continually updates its inventory to include the latest products and trends, ensuring customers have access to a wide variety of options. Business Model [ edit ] Elfinic.com operates on a business-to-consumer (B2C) model, sourcing products from various vendors and selling them directly to consumers. This model allows the company to maintain control over product quality and customer service. Elfinic.com places a strong emphasis on quality assurance, ensuring that all products listed on its platform meet specific standards. The company integrates multiple payment options to facilitate smooth and secure transactions. Customers can pay using credit/debit cards, net banking, digital wallets, and cash on delivery (COD). This flexibility in payment options enhances the convenience of shopping on Elfinic.com. Technology and Innovation [ edit ] As a subsidiary of Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Elfinic.com leverages advanced technological solutions to enhance its operations and customer experience. The company uses data analytics to gain insights into consumer behavior, optimize inventory management, and personalize the shopping experience. These insights help Elfinic.com tailor its offerings to meet customer preferences and anticipate market trends. Cybersecurity is a top priority for Elfinic.com. The company invests in robust security measures to protect customer data and ensure safe online transactions. This commitment to security builds trust among customers and enhances the overall shopping experience. Customer Service [ edit ] Customer satisfaction is a cornerstone of Elfinic.com's business strategy. The company offers comprehensive customer service support, including easy return and exchange policies, prompt delivery services, and responsive customer care. Elfinic.com aims to provide a seamless shopping experience from browsing to post-purchase support. Market Position and Competitors [ edit ] Elfinic.com has positioned itself as a competitive player in the Indian e-commerce market, which includes major competitors like Flipkart, Amazon India, and Snapdeal. Despite being a relatively new entrant, Elfinic.com aims to differentiate itself through its focus on customer-centric policies, competitive pricing, and a broad product selection. The company's ability to quickly adapt to market changes and consumer preferences has contributed to its growing presence in the market. Elfinic.com's strategic use of technology and commitment to quality further solidify its competitive edge. Future Plans [ edit ] Looking ahead, Elfinic.com plans to expand its product range and enhance its technological capabilities. The company is exploring opportunities to collaborate with more vendors and introduce innovative features on its platform. Additionally, Elfinic.com aims to extend its reach to rural areas, tapping into the burgeoning e-commerce market outside metropolitan regions. Elfinic.com also plans to invest in sustainable practices and eco-friendly products, aligning with the global trend towards sustainability. This initiative reflects the company's commitment to social responsibility and environmental conservation. Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd. [ edit ] Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian technology company based in Hyderabad, Telangana. Founded to address the growing demand for innovative technology solutions, Alopec Technologies specializes in providing cutting-edge IT services and developing technology-driven platforms. The company's diverse portfolio includes e-commerce solutions, software development, data analytics, and cybersecurity. History [ edit ] Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd. was established with a vision to leverage technology to solve complex business challenges and enhance digital experiences. Over the years, the company has expanded its service offerings and built a reputation for delivering high-quality technology solutions. Services [ edit ] Alopec Technologies provides a wide range of services, catering to various industries: E-commerce Solutions: Development and management of e-commerce platforms like Elfinic.com, providing end-to-end solutions for online retail businesses. Software Development: Custom software development services tailored to the specific needs of clients in industries such as healthcare, finance, retail, and more. Data Analytics: Advanced data analytics services to help businesses make informed decisions, optimize operations, and improve customer experiences. Cybersecurity: Comprehensive cybersecurity solutions to protect data, ensure compliance, and safeguard online transactions. Innovation and Research [ edit ] Innovation is at the core of Alopec Technologies' operations. The company invests significantly in research and development to stay ahead in the competitive technology landscape. Alopec Technologies focuses on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and blockchain to drive innovation and provide state-of-the-art solutions to its clients. The company's R&D efforts aim to develop new products and services that address evolving market needs and deliver superior value to customers. Alopec Technologies collaborates with academic institutions, industry partners, and technology experts to foster innovation and stay at the forefront of technological advancements. Market Presence and Impact [ edit ] Alopec Technologies has established a strong market presence, serving clients across various sectors. The company's technology solutions have enabled businesses to streamline their operations, enhance customer engagement, and achieve significant cost savings. Alopec Technologies' commitment to quality and innovation has earned it a reputation as a trusted technology partner. Future Outlook [ edit ] Looking to the future, Alopec Technologies aims to continue its growth by expanding its service offerings and entering new markets. The company plans to leverage its expertise in technology to support the digital transformation of businesses and enhance consumer experiences across various sectors. Alopec Technologies is also focused on sustainability and social responsibility. The company is exploring ways to incorporate sustainable practices into its operations and develop solutions that promote environmental conservation and social well-being. References [ edit ] Elfinic.com Official Website https://www.elfinic.com/ (https://www.elfinic.com/) Alopec Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Official Website https://www.alopec.co.in/ (https://www.alopec.co.in/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐79fcb574cb‐hghhz Cached time: 20240722074602 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.209 seconds Real time usage: 0.427 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1351/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 78116/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6761/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5581/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.091/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2435884/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 391.829 1 -total 88.35% 346.184 1 Template:AFC_submission 84.80% 332.289 1 Template:AfC_submission/declined 83.33% 326.519 1 Template:Ombox 32.40% 126.940 5 Template:Main_other 27.11% 106.243 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 26.36% 103.274 4 Template:Hidden 8.90% 34.862 1 Template:Find_sources 8.52% 33.394 1 Template:Short_description 5.42% 21.255 1 Template:Columns-list Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77024824-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722074602 and revision id 1225918670. 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Thermal insulation by clothing Clothing insulation is the thermal insulation (/wiki/Thermal_insulation) provided by clothing (/wiki/Clothing) . [1] (#cite_note-Ashrae_55_Standard-1) [2] (#cite_note-Schiavon_&_Lee,_2012-2) Even if the main role of clothing is to protect from the cold, protective clothing (/wiki/Protective_clothing) also exists to protect from heat, such as for metallurgical workers or firemen. As regards thermal comfort, only the first case is considered. Thermophysiological comfort [ edit ] Thermophysiological comfort is the capacity of the clothing material that makes the balance of moisture and heat between the body and the environment. It is a property of textile materials that creates ease by maintaining moisture and thermal levels in a human's resting and active states. The selection of textile material significantly affects the comfort of the wearer. Different textile fiber holds individual properties that suit in different environments. Natural fibers are breathable and absorb moisture, while synthetic fibers are hydrophobic; they repel moisture and do not allow air to pass. Different environments demand a diverse selection of clothing materials. Hence the appropriate choice is important. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The major determinants that influence Thermophysiological comfort are the permeable construction, heat, and moisture transfer rate. [10] (#cite_note-10) Mechanisms of insulation [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Clothing_insulation) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) There are three kinds of heat transfer (/wiki/Heat_transfer) : conduction (/wiki/Thermal_conduction) (exchange of heat through contact), convection (/wiki/Convection) (movement of fluids), and radiation (/wiki/Thermal_radiation) . Air has a low thermal conductivity (/wiki/Thermal_conductivity) but is very mobile. There are thus two elements that are important in protecting from the cold:: setting up a layer of still air which serves as insulation, by the use of fibres (/wiki/Fibre) ( wool (/wiki/Wool) , fur (/wiki/Fur) , et cetera) stopping the wind from penetrating and replacing the layer of warm air close to the body Another important factor is humidity (/wiki/Humidity) . Water is a better conductor of heat than air, thus if clothes are damp — because of sweat (/wiki/Sweat) , rain, or immersion — water replaces some or all of the air between the fibres of the clothing (https://www.asasupplies.com/blog/2019/05/20/chamarras-aislantes-todo-lo-que-debes-saber/) , causing thermal loss through conduction and/or evaporation. Thermal insulation is thus optimal with three layers of clothing: a layer near the body for hygiene (changed more often than the other clothing), whose role is to get rid of sweat so it does not remain in contact with the skin; an outer close-knit or closely woven layer as a wind breaker (/wiki/Wind_breaker) , usually thin — if there is a risk of precipitation this should be impermeable, the ideal being a textile that stops water droplets but allows water vapor to pass so as to remove evaporated sweat (a textile of this sort is said to "breathe"); and between the two, a "thick" layer that traps the air and prevents contact between the skin and the wind-breaking layer (which, as it is thin, gets close to the ambient temperature). The layers of trapped air between the skin and the exterior surface play a major insulating role. If the clothing is squeezed tight (as by the straps of a backpack), insulation will be poorer in those places. Insulation is improved when convection in the air layers is minimised. Units and measurement [ edit ] Clothing insulation may be expressed in clo units. [11] (#cite_note-ASHRAE_Fundamentals-11) The clo has the same dimensions (/wiki/Dimensional_analysis) as the R value (/wiki/R-value_(insulation)) (square metre kelvins per watt or m 2 ⋅K/W) used to describe insulation used in residential and commercial construction—thus, the higher the value, the better the insulation performance. 1 clo = 0.155 K (/wiki/Kelvin) · m (/wiki/Square_metre) 2 · W (/wiki/Watt) −1 ≈ 0.88 K·m 2 · BTU (/wiki/British_thermal_unit) ·W −1 · ft (/wiki/Foot_(length)) −2 · °F (/wiki/Fahrenheit) −1 · hr (/wiki/Hour) −1 R. One clo is the amount of insulation that allows a person at rest to maintain thermal equilibrium in an environment at 21 °C (/wiki/%C2%B0C) (70 °F (/wiki/%C2%B0F) ) in a normally ventilated room (0.1 m/s air movement). There are a number of ways to determine clothing insulation provided by clothes, but the most accurate according to ASHRAE (/wiki/ASHRAE) Fundamentals are measurements on heated manikins (/wiki/Thermal_manikin) and on active subjects. Equations may then be used to calculate the thermal insulation. Because clothing insulation cannot be measured for most routine engineering applications, tables of measured values for various clothing ensembles can be used. [11] (#cite_note-ASHRAE_Fundamentals-11) According to ASHRAE-55 2010 standard, there are three methods for estimating clothing insulation using the tables provided. If the ensemble in question matches reasonably well with one on Table 1 (#Clothing_ensembles_and_garments) , the indicated value of intrinsic clothing insulation can be used; It is acceptable to add or subtract garments on Table 2 (#Clothing_ensembles_and_garments) from the ensembles in Table 1 (#Clothing_ensembles_and_garments) to estimate the insulation of ensembles that differ in garment composition; It is possible to define a complete clothing ensemble as a combination of individual garments using Table 2 (#Clothing_ensembles_and_garments) . [1] (#cite_note-Ashrae_55_Standard-1) Another unit that is used is the " tog (/wiki/Tog_(unit)) ": 1 tog = 0.1 K (/wiki/Kelvin) · m (/wiki/Square_metre) 2 · W (/wiki/Watt) −1 ≈ 0.645 clo 1 clo = 1.55 togs The name comes from the word "togs", British slang for clothes. [12] (#cite_note-tog-12) Clothing ensembles and garments [ edit ] Table 1 – Typical insulation for clothing ensembles [11] (#cite_note-ASHRAE_Fundamentals-11) Ensemble description I cl (clo) Walking shorts, short-sleeved shirt 0.36 Trousers, short-sleeved shirt 0.57 Trousers, long-sleeved shirt 0.61 Same as above, plus suit jacket 0.96 Same as above, plus vest and T-shirt 0.96 Trousers, long-sleeved shirt, long-sleeved sweater, T-shirt 1.01 Same as above, plus suit jacket and long underwear bottoms 1.30 Sweat pants, sweat shirt 0.74 Long-sleeved pajama top, long pajama trousers, short 3/4 sleeved robe, slippers (no socks) 0.96 Knee-length skirt, short-sleeved shirt, panty hose, sandals 0.54 Knee-length skirt, long-sleeved shirt, full slip, panty hose 0.67 Knee-length skirt, long-sleeved shirt, half slip, panty hose, long-sleeved sweater 1.10 Knee-length skirt, long-sleeved shirt, half slip, panty hose, suit jacket 1.04 Ankle-length skirt, long-sleeved shirt, suit jacket, panty hose 1.10 Long-sleeved coveralls, T-shirt 0.72 Overalls, long-sleeved shirt, T-shirt 0.89 Insulated coveralls, long-sleeved thermal underwear, long underwear bottoms 1.37 Table 2 – Garment insulation [11] (#cite_note-ASHRAE_Fundamentals-11) Garment description I cl (clo) Garment description I cl (clo) Underwear Dresses and skirts Bra 0.01 Skirt (thin) 0.14 Panties 0.03 Skirt (thick) 0.23 Men's briefs 0.04 Sleeveless, scoop neck (thin) 0.23 T-shirt 0.08 Sleeveless, scoop neck (thick), i.e., jumper 0.27 Half-slip 0.14 Short-sleeve shirtdress (thin) 0.29 Long underwear bottoms 0.15 Long-sleeve shirtdress (thin) 0.33 Full slip 0.16 Long-sleeve shirtdress (thick) 0.47 Long underwear top 0.20 Footwear Sweaters Ankle-length athletic socks 0.02 Sleeveless vest (thin) 0.13 Pantyhose/stockings 0.02 Sleeveless vest (thick) 0.22 Sandals/thongs 0.02 Long-sleeve (thin) 0.25 Shoes 0.02 Long-sleeve (thick) 0.36 Slippers (quilted, pile lined) 0.03 Calf-length socks 0.03 Suit jackets and waistcoasts (lined) Knee socks (thick) 0.06 Sleeveless vest (thin) 0.10 Boots 0.10 Sleeveless vest (thick) 0.17 Shirts and blouses Single-breasted (thin) 0.36 Sleeveless/scoop-neck blouse 0.12 Single-breasted (thick) 0.44 Short-sleeve knit sport shirt 0.17 Double-breasted (thin) 0.42 Short-sleeve dress shirt 0.19 Double-breasted (thick) 0.48 Long-sleeve dress shirt 0.25 Long-sleeve flannel shirt 0.34 Sleepwear and Robes Long-sleeve sweatshirt 0.34 Sleeveless short gown (thin) 0.18 Trousers and coveralls Sleeveless long gown (thin) 0.20 Short shorts 0.06 Short-sleeve hospital gown 0.31 Walking shorts 0.08 Short-sleeve short robe (thin) 0.34 Straight trousers (thin) 0.15 Short-sleeve pajamas (thin) 0.42 Straight trousers (thick) 0.24 Long-sleeve long gown (thick) 0.46 Sweatpants 0.28 Long-sleeve short wrap robe (thick) 0.48 Overalls 0.30 Long-sleeve pajamas (thick) 0.57 Coveralls 0.49 Long-sleeve long wrap robe (thick) 0.69 Further considerations and examples [ edit ] Other factors that influence the clothing insulation are posture and activity. Sitting or lying change the thermal insulation due to the compression of air layers in the clothing, but at the same time - depending on the materials that are made of - chairs and bedding can provide considerable insulation. While it is possible to determine the increase of insulation provided by chairs, sleeping or resting situations are more difficult to evaluate unless the individual is completely immobile. [1] (#cite_note-Ashrae_55_Standard-1) Body motion decreases the insulation of a clothing ensemble by pumping air through clothing openings and/or causing air motion within the clothing. This effect varies considerably depending on the nature of the motion and of the clothing. Accurate estimates of clothing insulation for an active person are therefore not available, unless measurements are made for the specific condition (e.g., with a walking manikin). A rough estimate of the clothing insulation for an active person is: I cl, active = I cl ×(0.6+0.4/M) 1.2 met < M < 2.0 met where M is the metabolic rate in met units and I cl is the insulation without activity. For metabolic rates less than or equal to 1.2 met, no adjustment is recommended. [1] (#cite_note-Ashrae_55_Standard-1) Clothing insulation is correlated with outdoor air temperature, indoor operative temperatures, relative humidity and also by the presence of a dress code in the environment in question. Recent studies have developed dynamic predictive clothing insulation models that allow more precise thermal comfort calculation, energy simulation, HVAC sizing and building operation than previous practice. As a matter of fact, usually simplifications are used (0.5 clo in the summer, 1.0 in the winter). This may lead to systems that are incorrectly sized and/or operated. A model that is able to predict how building occupants change their clothing would greatly improve HVAC system operation. [2] (#cite_note-Schiavon_&_Lee,_2012-2) As mentioned, clothing adaptation has an important role in achieving thermal comfort and is probably the most effective adjustment that occupants can make to adapt themselves in a thermal environment. Moreover, clothing variability may also depend on factors unrelated to thermal conditions, such as for a dress code or social influences, style preferences that may differ due to gender or work position. According to ASHRAE-55 standard, only if individuals are freely making adjustments in clothing to suit their thermal preferences, it is acceptable to use a single representative average value for everyone. [1] (#cite_note-Ashrae_55_Standard-1) Some basic insulation values can be considered as examples of typical conditions [13] (#cite_note-13) naked body: 0 ; summer clothing: 0.6 clo ; ski (/wiki/Ski) outfit: 2 clo ; light polar equipment: 3 clo ; heavy polar equipment: 4 clo ; polar down (/wiki/Down_feather) duvet (/wiki/Duvet) : 8 clo. Temperature of thermal equilibrium [ edit ] The ambient temperature at which someone's body will be at thermal equilibrium depends on the rate of heat generation per unit area P and the thermal insulance (/wiki/Thermal_insulance) of the clothing R . The empirical formula is: [ citation needed ] T = 31°C − P · R or, if R is taken to be the number of clos and P the number of watts per square metre, T = (31 − 0.155· P · R )°C Temperature of thermal equilibrium person in summer dress (shorts and bare torso) at rest ( P = 60 W/m 2 , R = 0.4 clo): T = +27 °C; heavy polar equipment, at rest ( P = 60 W/m 2 , R = 4 clo): T = −6 °C; slow walking in light polar equipment ( P = 120 W/m 2 , R = 3 clo): T = −25 °C; sleeping in a polar duvet ( P = 48 W/m 2 , R = 8 clo): T = −28 °C; fast walking in heavy polar equipment ( P = 180 W/m 2 , R = 4 clo) : T = −80 °C. See also [ edit ] Comfort (/wiki/Comfort) – Sense of physical or psychological ease Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) – Objects worn to cover a portion of the body Exposure suit (/wiki/Exposure_suit) – Clothing to protect against an extreme environment Wind chill (/wiki/Wind_chill) – Lowering of body temperature due to the passing flow of lower-temperature air References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy ^ Jump up to: a b Schiavon, S.; Lee, K. "H. (2012), Dynamic predictive clothing insulation models based on outdoor air and indoor operative temperatures" (https://escholarship.org/content/qt3338m9qf/qt3338m9qf.pdf?t=mapmig) (PDF) . Building and Environment . 59 : 250–260. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.buildenv.2012.08.024) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cubrić, Ivana Salopek; Skenderi, Zenun (March 2013). "Evaluating thermophysiological comfort using the principles of sensory analysis" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23697251/) . Collegium Antropologicum . 37 (1): 57–64. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0350-6134 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0350-6134) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 23697251 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23697251) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Song, Guowen (2011-01-20). Improving Comfort in Clothing . Elsevier. p. 114. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85709-064-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Stevens, Katy (2008). Thermophysiological comfort and water resistant protection in soft shell protective garments . University of Leeds (School of Design). ^ (#cite_ref-6) Textile Trends . Eastland Publications. 2001. p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Conference, Textile Institute (Manchester, England) (1988). Pre-print of Conference Proceedings: Textile Institute 1988 Annual World Conference, Sydney, Australia, 10-13 July . Textile Institute. p. 9. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-870812-08-5 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Ruckman, J.E.; Murray, R.; Choi, H.S. (1999-01-01). "Engineering of clothing systems for improved thermophysiological comfort: The effect of openings" (https://doi.org/10.1108/09556229910258098) . International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology . 11 (1): 37–52. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1108/09556229910258098 (https://doi.org/10.1108%2F09556229910258098) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0955-6222 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0955-6222) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Varshney, R. K.; Kothari, V. K.; Dhamija, S. (2010-05-17). "A study on thermophysiological comfort properties of fabrics in relation to constituent fibre fineness and cross-sectional shapes" (https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000802542184) . The Journal of the Textile Institute . 101 (6): 495–505. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00405000802542184 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00405000802542184) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0040-5000 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-5000) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 135786524 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:135786524) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Collier, Billie J. (2000). Understanding textiles . Internet Archive. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. p. 539. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-13-021951-0 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Thermal Comfort chapter, Fundamentals volume of the ASHRAE Handbook (/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook) , ASHRAE (/wiki/ASHRAE) , Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2005. ^ (#cite_ref-tog_12-0) " "U.S. Soldiers in Alaska Get Super-Warm Togs". The Science News-Letter. Vol. 39, No. 8 (Feb. 22, 1941), pp. 124-125. Published by: Society for Science & the Public". JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3917809 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3917809) . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Notes for course "Human Factors: Ambient Environment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130607022244/http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/studentdownloads/DEA3500pdfs/Thermcomfort.pdf) by Prof. Alan Hedge, Cornell University (/wiki/Cornell_University) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐xxx6h Cached time: 20240720145827 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.352 seconds Real time usage: 0.478 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1653/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31382/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1185/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44461/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.236/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15857544/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 427.792 1 -total 33.70% 144.165 1 Template:Reflist 31.18% 133.368 4 Template:Annotated_link 24.70% 105.658 5 Template:Cite_journal 15.89% 67.991 1 Template:Short_description 13.06% 55.874 1 Template:Unreferenced_section 12.13% 51.893 1 Template:Unreferenced 11.70% 50.058 1 Template:Ambox 8.96% 38.332 2 Template:Pagetype 4.39% 18.788 5 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33946289-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720145827 and revision id 1214817331. 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A 1970s hotel bathroom with characteristic color patterns associated with 1970s decor Furniture of the 1970s refers to the style of furniture (/wiki/Furniture) popular in the 1970s. Often, the furniture would be laid with bold fabric patterns and colors. [1] (#cite_note-clairewalter-1) Bold designs and prints were also used profusely in other decor. [1] (#cite_note-clairewalter-1) Other design elements found in 1970s furniture and interior decorating included the use of the colors brown, purple, orange, and yellow (sometimes all in the same piece of fabric), shag-pile carpet (/wiki/Shag_(fabric)) , textured walls, lacquered (/wiki/Lacquer) furniture, gaudy lampshades (/wiki/Lampshade) , lava lamps (/wiki/Lava_lamp) , and molded plastic furniture. [1] (#cite_note-clairewalter-1) Another major aspect of 1970s furniture is the use of teak wood (/wiki/Teak_wood) . [2] (#cite_note-retrowow-2) The use of teak in fashionable furniture and panelling (/wiki/Panelling) regained popularity in the 1960s and items became chunkier as it progressed into the 1970s. Because of the popularity of wood in homes, dark color palettes also became more widely used as the 1970s progressed. In the mid-to-late 1970s, pine wood (/wiki/Pine_wood) began to replace teak wood, and color palettes became even darker. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "www.clairewalter.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120306094600/http://www.clairewalter.com/articles/design_real_estate/70sDecor-2006.htm) . www.clairewalter.com. 2006-09-16. Archived from the original (http://www.clairewalter.com/articles/design_real_estate/70sDecor-2006.htm) on 2012-03-06 . Retrieved 2012-01-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-retrowow_2-0) "70s Retro Furniture" (http://www.retrowow.co.uk/retro_style/70s/70s_retro_furniture.html) . Retrowow.co.uk . Retrieved 2012-01-03 . See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1970s furniture (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1970s_furniture) . 1970s in fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) This article about furniture (/wiki/Furniture) or furnishing (/wiki/Furnishing) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1970s_in_furniture&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐hdxz9 Cached time: 20240720173745 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.229 seconds Real time usage: 0.557 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 492/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9345/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 589/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13811/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3976543/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 270.335 1 -total 36.79% 99.450 1 Template:Reflist 31.41% 84.907 2 Template:Cite_web 24.83% 67.126 1 Template:Short_description 24.38% 65.920 1 Template:Furniture-stub 23.23% 62.794 1 Template:Asbox 13.80% 37.311 2 Template:Pagetype 12.89% 34.837 1 Template:Commons_category 12.04% 32.547 1 Template:Sister_project 11.36% 30.719 1 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27252213-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173745 and revision id 1232388523. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1970s_in_furniture&oldid=1232388523 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1970s_in_furniture&oldid=1232388523) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : History of furniture (/wiki/Category:History_of_furniture) 1970s fads and trends (/wiki/Category:1970s_fads_and_trends) Furniture stubs (/wiki/Category:Furniture_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/ME%2BEM) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:ME%2BEM) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ME%2BEM&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article has an unclear citation style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style) . 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Find sources: "ME+EM" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ME%2BEM%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ME%2BEM%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22ME%2BEM%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ME%2BEM%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ME%2BEM%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ME%2BEM%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ME+EM Company type Privately held company Industry Fashion Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Founder Clare Hornby Headquarters London, UK Number of employees 60 Website www (https://www.meandem.com/) .meandem (https://www.meandem.com/) .com (https://www.meandem.com/) ME+EM is a British, London-based direct-to-consumer (/wiki/Direct-to-consumer) brand founded by designer Clare Hornby in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The brand is known for offering women's loungewear (/wiki/Loungewear) . ME+EM has multiple outlets with its flagship store (/wiki/Flagship_store) located in central London and has expansion plans secured for New York City in the United States, Australia and the Middle East. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Craik, L. The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Meet the woman who reinvented midlife dressing (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/meet-woman-reinvented-midlife-dressing/) 30 Apr 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-2) O'Connor, T. Business of Fashion (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) , Can Me+Em Sell British Style to American Women? (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/retail/can-meem-sell-british-style-to-american-women/) 15 Aug 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Wightman-Stone, D. Fashion United , Me+Em secures 55 million pounds investment from Highland Europe (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/me-em-secures-55-million-pounds-investment-from-highland-europe/2022032262185) 22 Mar 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Manoff, J. Glossy , Me+Em’s Clare Hornby: We’ve maintained our ‘price-quality equation’ by only selling DTC (https://www.glossy.co/podcasts/meems-clare-hornby-weve-maintained-our-price-quality-equation-by-only-selling-dtc/) 13 Dec 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Murphy, A. The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , ME+EM is tailor-made for America (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/me-em-is-tailor-made-for-america-z89t76rn0) 23 Mar 2022 This article about a company of the UK is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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United Kingdom portal (/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom) Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap (https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Category%3AFashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom&l=0) Download coordinates as: KML (https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom&l=0) GPX (all coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom) GPX (primary coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom) GPX (secondary coordinates) (https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐d655v Cached time: 20240721001658 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.051 seconds Real time usage: 0.065 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 122/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4547/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 31/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.028/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 652123/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.708 1 -total 64.85% 36.129 1 Template:Portal 34.95% 19.468 1 Template:GeoGroup 31.65% 17.633 1 Template:Side_box 3.02% 1.680 1 Template:Yesno Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26660458-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721001658 and revision id 774413427. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. R Dresses in the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Dresses_in_the_Royal_Collection_of_the_United_Kingdom) ‎ (6 P) V Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Category:Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) ‎ (2 C, 18 P) Pages in category "Fashion museums in the United Kingdom" The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abington Park (/wiki/Abington_Park) B Barnet Museum (/wiki/Barnet_Museum) Bowes Museum (/wiki/Bowes_Museum) Brighton Museum & Art Gallery (/wiki/Brighton_Museum_%26_Art_Gallery) D Dalgarven Mill – Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume (/wiki/Dalgarven_Mill_%E2%80%93_Museum_of_Ayrshire_Country_Life_and_Costume) Devonshire Collection of Period Costume (/wiki/Devonshire_Collection_of_Period_Costume) F Fan Museum (/wiki/Fan_Museum) Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) G Gallery of Costume (/wiki/Gallery_of_Costume) H Hat Works (/wiki/Hat_Works) Horsham Museum (/wiki/Horsham_Museum) K Killerton (/wiki/Killerton) L The Lace Guild (/wiki/The_Lace_Guild) Lotherton Hall (/wiki/Lotherton_Hall) M Maidstone Museum (/wiki/Maidstone_Museum) Museum of Cornish Life (/wiki/Museum_of_Cornish_Life) Museum of the Jewellery Quarter (/wiki/Museum_of_the_Jewellery_Quarter) N National Museum of Costume (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Costume) P Pickford's House Museum (/wiki/Pickford%27s_House_Museum) Probert-Price Collection (/wiki/Probert-Price_Collection) S The Salisbury Museum (/wiki/The_Salisbury_Museum) Snibston Discovery Museum (/wiki/Snibston_Discovery_Museum) Springhill House (/wiki/Springhill_House) T Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery (/wiki/Tullie_House_Museum_and_Art_Gallery) V Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) W Walsall Leather Museum (/wiki/Walsall_Leather_Museum) Wardown Park Museum (/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum) Worthing Museum and Art Gallery (/wiki/Worthing_Museum_and_Art_Gallery) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=774413427 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=774413427) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion museums by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_museums_by_country) Museums in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Museums_in_the_United_Kingdom) Textile museums in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Textile_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom) British fashion (/wiki/Category:British_fashion)
1932 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932) 1933 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1933) 1934 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1934) 1935 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1935) 1936 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1936) 1937 1938 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1938) 1939 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1939) 1940 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1940) 1941 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1941) 1942 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1942) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐hxtxz Cached time: 20240718083300 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.083 seconds Real time usage: 0.114 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.062/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933386/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 107.233 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 107.233 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54063551-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083300 and revision id 974957721. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1937" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Benson & Clegg (/wiki/Benson_%26_Clegg) R Robert Hall Clothes (/wiki/Robert_Hall_Clothes) V Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1937&oldid=974957721 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1937&oldid=974957721) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) Design companies established in 1937 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1937) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1937 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1937) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
(Redirected from Scrotum waxing (/w/index.php?title=Scrotum_waxing&redirect=no) ) Practice of male pubic hair removal This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Male_waxing) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Male waxing" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Male+waxing%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Male+waxing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Male+waxing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Male+waxing%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Male+waxing%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Male+waxing%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Male waxing is the broad term for hair removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) for men using depilatory wax. Within the beauty industry, it is common to see the more specific definitions 'male body waxing' and 'male Brazilian waxing'. The latter refers to the removal of hair from the pubic area and buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) , a service which is not always offered at salons while other male body parts might be, hence the distinction. Some salons may also offer to wax up to the bikini line, or leg crease, but go no further. Male body waxing [ edit ] Male body waxing refers to all body areas from neck to toe except the genital and buttocks area. Normal body hair is finer with shallower roots than pubic hair (/wiki/Pubic_hair) . It is usually removed with strip wax which leaves a smooth result and exfoliates the top layer of dead skin cells. Strip waxing begins with the application of warm depilatory wax in the direction of hair growth. A paper or calico strip is then pressed onto the wax then pulled off briskly in the opposite direction of application. A post-wax lotion with antiseptic properties is then applied to help the skin recover quickly. Some men grow dense pubic hair on body areas instead of the finer body hair, particularly on the stomach, chest, and upper back. This is usually due to ancestry, but can also be impacted by testosterone supplements. [1] (#cite_note-1) Male Brazilian waxing [ edit ] Male Brazilian The somewhat vague term, male Brazilian waxing , refers to any removal of hair from the pubis (/wiki/Pubis_(bone)) , penis (/wiki/Human_penis) , scrotum (/wiki/Scrotum) , perineum (/wiki/Perineum) , or buttocks. The definition also usually includes the bikini line, or an inch or two out from the leg crease. It takes its name from female Brazilian waxing (/wiki/Bikini_waxing#Brazilian_waxing) . The term Manzilian is becoming increasingly mainstream in advertising and popular culture to differentiate the treatment from female waxing. [2] (#cite_note-2) A slang term, back, sack and crack , is sometimes referred to in adult films to describe the treated area but it has largely fallen out of use. Pubic hair is removed with hot wax, also called hard wax. This type of wax is solid but malleable at room temperature and does not require a strip. Hard wax is applied in a similar fashion to strip wax, given a few seconds to harden and then pulled off. The advantage with hard wax on sensitive areas is that is less likely to stick to the skin, especially if used in conjunction with the pre-wax oil recommended by the manufacturer. Again, an antiseptic post-wax lotion is applied afterward. Brazilian waxing is very difficult for the untrained to perform without causing skin damage due to the multi-directional hair growth pattern of the pubic region. [3] (#cite_note-3) Benefits [ edit ] Hair Removal Therapists will usually recommend follow-up waxing treatments every 4 to 6 weeks. With repeated, regular treatments, it is common to notice a reduced rate of hair growth and finer hair. This is particularly noticeable in people in middle-age or older where the rate of hair growth is naturally decreasing already. Hair growth inhibitors are available commercially, and can be applied after waxing. The theory is that they somehow limit the hair follicle's ability to generate new hair, however their efficacy is open for debate. Precautions [ edit ] Common contraindications for treatment include but are not limited to: contagious skin diseases or disorders; lesions, sores, open wounds, visible skin trauma; recent post-surgical scarring; keloid or hypertrophic scarring (/wiki/Hypertrophic_scar) ; recent sunburn; extremely dry or crepe-like skin; diabetes (/wiki/Diabetes) ; recent use of depilatory creams or sprays; severe pain during treatment (stop immediately); fractures, sprains or broken bones. People taking anticoagulants (/wiki/Anticoagulant) , sometimes incorrectly referred to as blood thinners, are also in a higher risk category due to an increased chance of bruising. This is not necessarily a major risk, especially if they already wax regularly. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Manliest Men are Bald (Kind of)" (https://denverhairrestoration.com/the-manliest-men-are-bald-kind-of/) . Denver Hair Restoration. 19 April 2017 . Retrieved Apr 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "What is a Manzilian? (Dec 22, 2022)" (https://www.menshealth.com/grooming/a42113185/what-is-manzillian-wax/) . Men's Health. 21 December 2022 . Retrieved Apr 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Pubic Hair Growth Patterns" (https://manthing.com.au/articles/pubic-hair-growth-patterns.htm) . Man Thing . Retrieved Mar 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Body & Brazilian Waxing Contraindications" (https://manthing.com.au/articles/contraindications-body-brazilian-waxing.htm) . Man Thing . Retrieved Mar 15, 2024 . 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British journalist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christa_D%27Souza) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Christa_D%27Souza) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . 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Find sources: "Christa D'Souza" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . 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Find sources: "Christa D'Souza" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Christa+D%27Souza%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Hon. Christa Claire D'Souza (born 1960) is a British journalist who contributes to British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) , The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) and other publications. Career [ edit ] D'Souza has written for publications such as The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) , The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) , the Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , and W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , in addition to her current role as contributing editor of British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . [1] (#cite_note-guardian1-1) [2] (#cite_note-timesonline1-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) D'Souza was previously Editor-at-large of Tatler (/wiki/Tatler_(1901)) . D'Souza is currently a contributing writer to Get the Gloss (http://www.getthegloss.com/author/christa-d-souza) . In her articles, D'Souza often probes body issues such as ageing, [1] (#cite_note-guardian1-1) weight-control, anorexia (/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)) , [4] (#cite_note-4) food and diet, cosmetic surgery, and her own battle with cancer. [5] (#cite_note-5) D'Souza's articles have been praised for their humour and honesty [6] (#cite_note-6) and are often autobiographical and controversial in their subject matter – taking Vogue "where it's never been before" by publishing a three-page article entitled Poo, the Last Taboo . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) D'Souza also specialises in interviews, and often does the cover interview for British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) D'Souza has interviewed celebrities such as Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Adele (/wiki/Adele) , Cheryl Cole (/wiki/Cheryl_Cole) , Kristen Stewart (/wiki/Kristen_Stewart) , Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) , Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , [12] (#cite_note-12) Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) , Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , as well as designers such as Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) and Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) for various publications. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] D'Souza is the daughter of the ex House of Lords Speaker (/wiki/Lord_Speaker) Baroness D'Souza (/wiki/Frances_D%27Souza,_Baroness_D%27Souza) , who gave birth to Christa when she was 16. She lives in West London with long-term partner Nicholas Allott (/wiki/Nicholas_Allott) and their two sons. [15] (#cite_note-15) Her mother is English and her father is Indian- Portuguese (/wiki/Portuguese_British) . D'Souza is a keen supporter of the school that her mother co-founded, the Marefat High School in West Kabul, Afghanistan. D'Souza visited the school with her mother in 2010, [2] (#cite_note-timesonline1-2) and has hosted fundraising events for Marefat – most recently at The Connaught (/wiki/The_Connaught_(hotel)) hotel with Oxford University's Aloysius Society (/wiki/Aloysius_Society) . [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Christa D'Souza (5 October 2008). "Self-confessed 'ageorexic' Christa D'Souza describes her experience of breast cancer | Life and style | The Observer" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/05/celebrity.women) . The Guardian . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion" (http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6881214.ece) . The Times . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Now I love my greens... | News" (https://archive.today/20120919001848/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-12780992-now-i-love-my-greens.do) . Evening Standard . London. Archived from the original (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-12780992-now-i-love-my-greens.do) on 19 September 2012 . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dolly Jones (7 May 2009). "Christa D'Souza on being a "weight-control obsessive" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2009/05/07/body-talk) " (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2009/05/07/body-talk) . Vogue . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Health (22 October 2007). "Cancer? Why has my body let me down?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090928081731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3351818/Cancer-Why-has-my-body-let-me-down.html) . Daily Telegraph . UK. Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3351818/Cancer-Why-has-my-body-let-me-down.html) on 28 September 2009 . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "W Magazine Tackles the No-Shampoo Rage" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111016124911/http://nomoredirtylooks.com/2011/03/w-magazine-tackles-the-no-shampoo-rage/) . No More Dirty Looks. Archived from the original (http://nomoredirtylooks.com/2011/03/w-magazine-tackles-the-no-shampoo-rage/) on 16 October 2011 . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Poo", a slang term for faeces. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Londoner's Diary | Evening Standard" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120331215615/http://londonersdiary.standard.co.uk/2010/02/why-visiting-the-loo-is-now-in-vogue.html) . Londonersdiary.standard.co.uk. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original (https://londonersdiary.standard.co.uk/2010/02/why-visiting-the-loo-is-now-in-vogue.html) on 31 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Gisele Vogue Cover & Photos December 2011 (Vogue.com UK)" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/10/31/gisele-bundchen---british-vogue-december-cover) . Vogue.co.uk. 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 9 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lauren Milligan (3 October 2011). "Rihanna Vogue cover – November Issue of British Vogue" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/10/03/rihanna-british-vogue-cover---november-issue) . Vogue . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ella Alexander (5 September 2011). "Adele Vogue Cover – October issue of Vogue" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/09/05/october-issue-of-vogue---adele) . Vogue . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Culture (31 December 2001). "And the winner is..." (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4727871/And-the-winner-is....html) Daily Telegraph . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Christa D'Souza Photograph by David Bailey (1 August 2011). "Christopher Kane and Donatella Versace, the Odd Couple: Fashion" (http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2010/10/christopher_kane_donatella_versace) . Wmagazine.com . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Interview – stella" (https://archive.today/20030508064444/http://www.infoclub.com.np/fashion/interview/stella_interview.htm) . Infoclub.com.np. Archived from the original (http://www.infoclub.com.np/fashion/interview/stella_interview.htm) on 8 May 2003 . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Christa D'Souza" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120715014457/http://www.tatler.com/the-tatler-list/d/christa-dsouza) . Tatler. Archived from the original (https://www.tatler.com/the-tatler-list/d/christa-dsouza) on 15 July 2012 . Retrieved 9 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Sharon Forrester (4 February 2011). "The Marefat Dinner" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/celebrity-photos/2011/02/04/marefat-dinner-connaught-hotel-london) . Vogue . UK . Retrieved 12 November 2011 . 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British fashion brand Mr Hare Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2008 ; 16 years ago ( 2008 ) Defunct 2016 ( 2016 ) Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) , United Kingdom Products Shoes (/wiki/Shoe) Website mrhare (http://mrhare.com) .com (http://mrhare.com) Mr Hare was a British footwear (/wiki/Footwear) brand created by Marc Hare in 2008. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand ceased trading in October 2016 and closed its Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) and Notting Hill stores. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) reported in 2012 that: "Mr Hare is quietly becoming one of the most important names in British menswear." [4] (#cite_note-guardian1-4) Background [ edit ] Hare decided to open his own brand (/wiki/Brand) after the realisation that there were not enough shoes that he liked. He was at a roadside tapas bar in the Sierra Nevada (/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)) Mountains, Spain on 23 July 2008, when he looked at an older gentleman's shoes and decided that, with a few tweaks, they could be much better. It took 360 days for his first creation to land on the shop floor at Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) , London. [5] (#cite_note-5) The first Mr Hare store opened in Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) in September 2012, following on from the success of sales in stores such as Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Other stockists include Liberty (/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)) , Colette (/wiki/Colette_(boutique)) , Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) , Matches Fashion (/wiki/Matches_Fashion) and Mr Porter. Robert Downey Jr. (/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr.) , Javier Bardem (/wiki/Javier_Bardem) , Tom Hardy (/wiki/Tom_Hardy) , Amir Khan (/wiki/Amir_Khan_(British_boxer)) , Jefferson Hack (/wiki/Jefferson_Hack) , ASAP Rocky (/wiki/ASAP_Rocky) and Tinie Tempah (/wiki/Tinie_Tempah) were reported to be fans of the brand. [4] (#cite_note-guardian1-4) [7] (#cite_note-7) Collaborations [ edit ] In August 2011, Hare collaborated with Topman (/wiki/Topman) on a ten-style shoe collection. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2011, there was a collaboration with jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) designer Bunney to create a limited edition shoehorn (/wiki/Shoehorn) , in garnet (/wiki/Garnet) and black spinel. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2012, Mr Hare collaborated with the Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) -based couturier Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) , producing a range of shoes and boots with laser-etched leather and metal toecaps for the AW12 collection. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Foot notes | The Portfolio | The Journal | MR PORTER" (http://www.mrporter.com/journal/journal_issue82/1?cm_sp=homepage-_-theportfolioC1-_-250912#4) . Mrporter.com. 2012-09-25 . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Santamaria, Barbara. "British footwear brand Mr Hare ceases trading" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/British-footwear-brand-mr-hare-ceases-trading,759624.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2021-02-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mr hare" (http://hypebeast.com/search?s=mr+hare) . Hypebeast . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b Eva Wiseman. "Shoe designer Marc Hare steps out | Fashion | The Observer" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2012/sep/23/marc-hare-shoe-designer-interview?INTCMP=SRCH) . Guardian . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Style Salvage - A men's fashion and style blog.: Four swans and a hare move to Mayfair" (http://stylesalvage.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/four-swans-and-hare-move-to-mayfair.html) . Stylesalvage.blogspot.co.uk. 2012-09-19 . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) metrowebukmetro (2012-10-03). "Marc Hare talks shoe obsession and his plans for a women's range | Metro News" (http://metro.co.uk/2012/10/03/marc-hare-talks-shoe-obsession-and-his-plans-for-a-womens-range-592287/) . Metro.co.uk . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Shoe designer proving popular with the celebs (From Croydon Guardian)" (http://www.croydonguardian.co.uk/news/9961281.Shoe_designer_proving_popular_with_the_celebs/) . Croydonguardian.co.uk. 2012-10-03 . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Millar, Jamie (2010-03-24). "Marc Hare for Topman shoes - GQ Style News - GQ.com (UK) - GQ.COM (UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140219093513/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-06/09/gq-style-news-mr-marc-hare-topman-shoes-collaboration-pictures) . Gq-magazine.co.uk. Archived from the original (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-06/09/gq-style-news-mr-marc-hare-topman-shoes-collaboration-pictures) on 2014-02-19 . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Rightful Hare to the Throne – Mr Hare" (http://clothes-make-the-man.com/2012/11/07/the-rightful-hare-to-the-throne-mr-hare/) . Clothes Make The Man. 2012-11-07 . Retrieved 2014-02-02 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.mrhare.com) Head Sneakers (https://www.headsneakers.net/) Rep Sneakers (https://www.rep-sneaker.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐6kbmn Cached time: 20240714111645 Cache expiry: 1514596 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.287 seconds Real time usage: 0.429 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1915/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25112/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1884/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35185/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6359601/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 406.741 1 -total 32.98% 134.162 1 Template:Reflist 28.98% 117.861 1 Template:Short_description 28.49% 115.888 9 Template:Cite_web 25.83% 105.048 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.09% 93.898 1 Template:Infobox 16.22% 65.954 9 Template:Main_other 15.46% 62.875 1 Template:SDcat 9.83% 39.987 2 Template:Pagetype 9.30% 37.816 1 Template:Citation_needed Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38433817-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714111645 and revision id 1177358343. 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British online retailer The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Littlewoods" online retailer (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Littlewoods%22+online+retailer&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Littlewoods Company type Online brand of The Very Group (/wiki/The_Very_Group) Industry e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Predecessor Littlewoods Direct (/wiki/Littlewoods) Founded 1990s (online) Headquarters Speke (/wiki/Speke) , Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Area served UK Key people Henry Birch (/wiki/Henry_Birch) (CEO) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , home accessories, toys (/wiki/Toy) , gaming (/wiki/Video_game) Owner Sir David Barclay and Sir Frederick Barclay (/wiki/David_and_Frederick_Barclay) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) The Very Group (/wiki/The_Very_Group) Website littlewoods (https://littlewoods.com/) .com (https://littlewoods.com/) Littlewoods (also known as Littlewoods.com ) is a British online retailer with headquarters in Speke (/wiki/Speke) , Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , England. The brand was launched in the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) in the 1990s. History [ edit ] The original Littlewoods (/wiki/Littlewoods) brand was a shopping catalogue and retail (/wiki/Retail) business headquartered in Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , and was bought by the Barclay brothers (/wiki/Barclay_brothers) in 2002. [1] (#cite_note-1) The website launched in the 1990s and in 2005, the physical stores were sold, leaving Littlewoods as a pure play online retailer. In 2010 a mobile enabled version of the site was launched, upgrading to include video and images in 2011. [2] (#cite_note-Internet_Retailing-2) In the first quarter of 2013/14, mobile sales accounted for over a third of total online sales. [3] (#cite_note-Reuters-3) See also [ edit ] Very (online retailer) (/wiki/Very_(online_retailer)) The Very Group (/wiki/The_Very_Group) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hodgson, Neil (8 May 2008). "Famous name on way out" (http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/famous-name-on-way-out-3485571) . Retrieved 17 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Internet_Retailing_2-0) Alison (22 February 2011). "Fashion site Veryworld.co.uk upgrades to deliver rich media on mobile devices" (http://internetretailing.net/2011/02/fashion-site-Veryworld-co-uk-upgrades-to-deliver-rich-media-on-mobile-devices/) . Internet Retailing . Retrieved 17 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Reuters_3-0) Davey, James (29 October 2013). "Shop Direct makes first profit in a decade" (http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-shop-direct-results-idUKBRE99S0AU20131029) . Retrieved 17 March 2014 . 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Parisian trunk maker Aux États-Unis (literally meaning "To the United States" ) is a Parisian trunkmaker (/wiki/Trunkmaker) established in 1845. History [ edit ] Founding [ edit ] Aux États-Unis went into business in 1845 at 229, rue Saint Honoré (/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) , in Paris, two doors down from Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Owners [ edit ] Rousselle and Gérard (1845-1890): Charles Étienne Rousselle is the founder and first owner of the brand. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) When he died, his widow ran the shop before she assigned the business to L. Gérard. Deraisme family (1891-1985): In 1891, Eugène Louis Deraisme took over the enterprise; it then successively came under the management of his first wife, Hélène Bordat, his son André Eugène and finally his grandson François who succeeded his father in 1942. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The brand eventually disappeared in the 1980s when François Deraisme retired. Luvanis (since 2011): Luvanis (/wiki/Luvanis) , an investment company specialized in the revival of long-dormant luxury brands and which reintroduced the trunk makers Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) and Au Départ (/wiki/Au_D%C3%A9part) , [2] (#cite_note-2) acquired the rights into the dormant label in 2011. Partnerships with other Parisian trunk-makers [ edit ] On July 2, 1932, André Deraisme on behalf of Aux États-Unis created a new company, the Coopération Industrielle et Commerciale ("CIC"), in partnership with the directors of the four other trunk-makers of the time ( Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) , Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) , et Au Départ (/wiki/Au_D%C3%A9part) ) in the face of the economic crisis. The five "Maisons" joined forces, notably for the purchase of raw materials and travel items and for patent registrations. The cooperation was to last until 1935. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Celebrity customers [ edit ] The customers list of Aux États-Unis included many high-profile purchasers. Kings, princes, heads of state and heads of government [ edit ] The British Duchess of Sutherland (/wiki/Millicent_Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland) , the Duchess of Manchester (/wiki/Consuelo_Montagu,_Duchess_of_Manchester) , the Duke of Windsor (/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor) , and the Duke of Westminster (/wiki/Hugh_Grosvenor,_2nd_Duke_of_Westminster) ; Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein (/wiki/Prince_Kamal_el_Dine_Hussein) , the King of Albania (/wiki/Zog_I_of_Albania) , the Maharaja of Jaipur (/wiki/Man_Singh_II) , Maharaja of Mysore (/wiki/Krishna_Raja_Wadiyar_IV) and Maharaja of Kapurthala (/wiki/Jagatjit_Singh) ; French President Léon Blum (/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum) , Prime Minister of Belgium Henry Carton de Wiart (/wiki/Henry_Carton_de_Wiart) , Ohio Governor Myron T. Herrick (/wiki/Myron_T._Herrick) , New York Governor W. Averell Harriman (/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman) , the Prince de Bitteto, and the Princesse de Faucigny Lucinge. Writers, artists and actors [ edit ] Lady Mendl (/wiki/Elsie_de_Wolfe) , Conan Doyle (/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle) , Fernand Gravey (/wiki/Fernand_Gravey) , Henri Bernstein (/wiki/Henri_Bernstein) , and Gilbert Miller. Other celebrity clients [ edit ] British explorer and missionary David Livingstone (/wiki/David_Livingstone) , the jeweler Jacques Cartier (/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_(jeweler)) , violinist Jules Boucherit (/wiki/Jules_Boucherit) , Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) , Pecci Blunt, William Boyce Thompson (/wiki/William_Boyce_Thompson) , American billionaire Moses Taylor (/wiki/Moses_Taylor) , Lady Eve Balfour (/wiki/Lady_Eve_Balfour) , John Gardner Coolidge (/wiki/John_Gardner_Coolidge) , and the Vanderbilts (/wiki/Vanderbilt_family) . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Tzenkoff, Pierre (2010). Goyard Malletier . Devambez. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-9538082-0-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Elliott, Hannah. "Coming Soon: The Glamorous Fashion Brands You've Never Heard Of" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2013/03/20/coming-soon-the-best-fashion-brands-youve-never-heard-of/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2019-11-29 . 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Atlanta-based fashion designer Nigel Xavier Born ( 1994-11-29 ) November 29, 1994 (age 29) California Nationality American Education Savannah College of Art and Design (/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design) ( BFA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) ) Occupation Fashion designer Nigel Xavier (born November 29, 1994) is an Atlanta-based fashion designer [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) known for his patchwork and textile manipulation. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) In 2023, he was named the Next in Fashion (/wiki/Next_in_Fashion) Season 2 winner and is called the "wizard of denim (/wiki/Denim) ." [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Xavier was born in California on November 29, 1994, to Marshall and Stella Xavier. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In 2010, he moved to Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta_Georgia) , and spent a lot of time in Summerhill (/wiki/Summerhill,_Atlanta) . Xavier was a former high school football player [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) but chose to go down the fashion route. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) He graduated B.F.A. Fashion from SCAD Atlanta ( Savannah College of Art and Design (/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design) ) in 2016. Career [ edit ] Xavier works as a fashion designer in Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) . He specializes in denim clothing, drawing heavily from the 90s and early 2000s fashion. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Before joining Next in Fashion Season 2, Xavier had already created designs for celebrities, including Tyga (/wiki/Tyga) and Summer Walker (/wiki/Summer_Walker) , among several others. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) He also had the opportunity to style the rapper 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Next in Fashion [ edit ] Xavier joined the Next in Fashion (/wiki/Next_in_Fashion) Season 2, which was aired all episodes on March 3, 2023. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) He made it to the Finale, where he competed against his fellow designer contestants Bao Tranchi and Deontre Hancock. [7] (#cite_note-:7-7) With his 8 outfits collection in the finale, inspired by Woodstock, Xavier was named the Next in Fashion Season 2 and won the grand cash prize of $200,000. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [8] (#cite_note-8) The judges and hosts, Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , Jason Bolden (/wiki/Jason_Bolden) , and Tan France (/wiki/Tan_France) , found his collection fun, while representing his brand and creating a cohesive collection to showcase on the runway in three days. Aside from the prize money, Xavier also got a deal with Rent The Runway (/wiki/Rent_the_Runway) . [7] (#cite_note-:7-7) [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Narayanan, Varsha (3 March 2023). "Who is Nigel Xavier? Meet the Next in Fashion Season 2 winner as he takes home the grand cash prize of $200,000" (https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/who-nigel-xavier-meet-next-fashion-season-2-winner-takes-home-grand-cash-prize-200-000) . www.sportskeeda.com . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ a b c "Streetwear designer Nigel Xavier wins 'Next in Fashion' Season 2 with his 'no gender' collection" (https://meaww.com/who-won-next-in-fashion-season-2-streetwear-designer-nigel-xavier-debuts-no-gender-collection) . MEAWW . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ a b Piazza, Bianca (2023-03-03). "Get to Know 'Next in Fashion' Contestant and Designer Nigel Xavier" (https://www.distractify.com/p/who-is-nigel-xavier-next-in-fashion) . Distractify . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ a b "Next in Fashion designer Nigel Xavier has some famous friends supporting him" (https://www.realitytitbit.com/netflix-reality-shows/meet-designer-nigel-xavier-from-next-in-fashion-season-2) . Reality Titbit . 2023-03-03 . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) KieranDavidBurt (2023-03-05). "Who won Next in Fashion Season 2?" (https://readysteadycut.com/2023/03/05/who-won-next-in-fashion-season-2/) . Ready Steady Cut . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Banerjee, Dipaly (2023-03-03). "Nigel Xavier: Where is Next in Fashion Winner Now?" (https://thecinemaholic.com/nigel-xavier-where-is-next-in-fashion-winner-now/) . The Cinemaholic . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ a b null. " (https://meaww.com/where-is-next-in-fashion-season-2-winner-nigel-xavier-designer-ready-to-launch-his-own-collection) 'Next In Fashion' Season 2 winner Nigel Xavier is ready to launch his own collection" (https://meaww.com/where-is-next-in-fashion-season-2-winner-nigel-xavier-designer-ready-to-launch-his-own-collection) . MEAWW . Retrieved 2023-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why The 'Next In Fashion' Winner Is Worthy Of Every Bit Of Hype" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/next-in-fashion-season-2-winner-nigel-xavier) . British Vogue . March 12, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Solá-Santiago, Frances. "Nigel Xavier x Rent The Runway Includes Next In Fashion Winner's Signature Patchwork" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2023/03/11318173/nigel-xavier-rent-the-runway-collection) . www.refinery29.com . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Xavier&oldid=1222252645 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Xavier&oldid=1222252645) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1998 births (/wiki/Category:1998_births) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) is a women's beauty magazine published by Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . A famous woman, typically an actress, singer, or model, is featured on the cover of each month's issue. Following are the names of each cover subject from the first issue of Allure in March 1991 to the most recent issue. Allure [ edit ] 1990s [ edit ] 1991 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer March Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) April Elaine Irwin (/wiki/Elaine_Irwin) Sante D'Orazio May Stephanie Seymour Sante D'Orazio June Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Estelle Lefébure (/wiki/Estelle_Lef%C3%A9bure) Sante D'Orazio August Linda Evangelista Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) September Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Sante D'Orazio October Tanya Fourie (/w/index.php?title=Tanya_Fourie&action=edit&redlink=1) Sante D'Orazio November Isabella Rossellini (/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini) Steven Meisel December Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Sante D'Orazio 1992 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Karen Mulder (/wiki/Karen_Mulder) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) February Shana Zadrick (/wiki/Shana_Zadrick) Sante D'Orazio March Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Sante D'Orazio April Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) Sante D'Orazio May Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Sante D'Orazio June Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) Sante D'Orazio July Claudia Schiffer Sante D'Orazio August Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) Sante D'Orazio September Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Sante D'Orazio October Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Sante D'Orazio November Jenny Brunt (/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Brunt&action=edit&redlink=1) Sante D'Orazio December Claudia Schiffer Sante D'Orazio 1993 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Patricia Hartmann (/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Hartmann&action=edit&redlink=1) Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Jenny Brunt (/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Brunt&action=edit&redlink=1) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) February Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) Sante D'Orazio March Leilani Bishop (/wiki/Leilani_Bishop) Sante D'Orazio April Meghan Douglas (/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Douglas&action=edit&redlink=1) Sante D'Orazio May Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) Sante D'Orazio June Shalom Harlow Sante D'Orazio July Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Sante D'Orazio August Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Sante D'Orazio September Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Sante D'Orazio October Beri Smither Sante D'Orazio November Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Walter Chin (/wiki/Walter_Chin) December Linda Evangelista Sante D'Orazio 1994 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) February Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Sante D'Orazio March Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Sante D'Orazio April Claudia Schiffer Sante D'Orazio May Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Sante D'Orazio June Tatjana Patitz (/wiki/Tatjana_Patitz) Sante D'Orazio July Bridget Hall Sante D'Orazio August Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Sante D'Orazio September Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Sante D'Orazio October Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) Sante D'Orazio November Claudia Schiffer Sante D'Orazio December Kate Moss Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 1995 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) February Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) March Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Sante D'Orazio April Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Sante D'Orazio May Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) Sante D'Orazio June Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Sante D'Orazio July Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Sante D'Orazio August Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Mario Testino September Kate Moss Mario Testino October Bridget Hall Sante D'Orazio November Cindy Crawford Sante D'Orazio December Kirsty Hume (/wiki/Kirsty_Hume) Miles Aldridge (/wiki/Miles_Aldridge) 1996 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) Miles Aldridge (/wiki/Miles_Aldridge) February Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Miles Aldridge March Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) April Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) Sante D'Orazio May Niki Taylor Sante D'Orazio June Kirsty Hume (/wiki/Kirsty_Hume) Miles Aldridge July Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) August Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Sante D'Orazio September Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Michel Comte (/wiki/Michel_Comte) October Niki Taylor Mario Testino November Helena Christensen Sante D'Orazio December Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) 1997 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) February Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Sante D'Orazio March Elisabeth Shue (/wiki/Elisabeth_Shue) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) April Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Drew Jarrett May Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Dewey Nicks (/wiki/Dewey_Nicks) June Niki Taylor Dewey Nicks July Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Dewey Nicks August Georgina Grenville (/wiki/Georgina_Grenville) Sante D'Orazio September Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Sante D'Orazio October Niki Taylor Michel Comte (/wiki/Michel_Comte) November Cindy Crawford Michel Comte December Kirsty Hume (/wiki/Kirsty_Hume) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 1998 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Helen Hunt (/wiki/Helen_Hunt) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) February Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) March Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Sante D'Orazio April Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Sante D'Orazio May Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Aurélie Claudel (/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Claudel) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) June Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Sante D'Orazio July Eva Herzigová (/wiki/Eva_Herzigov%C3%A1) Walter Chin (/wiki/Walter_Chin) August Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Walter Chin September Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) Walter Chin October Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Walter Chin November Geri Halliwell (/wiki/Geri_Halliwell) Michel Comte (/wiki/Michel_Comte) December Gisele Bündchen Mario Testino 1999 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) February Aurélie Claudel (/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Claudel) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) March Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) Robert Erdmann April Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) Regan Cameron May Reese Witherspoon (/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon) Regan Cameron June Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Robert Erdmann July Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Pamela Hanson (/wiki/Pamela_Hanson) August Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) Robert Erdmann September Julianna Margulies (/wiki/Julianna_Margulies) Robert Erdmann October Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Rankin (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) November Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) Mario Testino December Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) Rankin 2000s [ edit ] 2000 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Winona Ryder (/wiki/Winona_Ryder) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) February Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) March Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) Walter Chin (/wiki/Walter_Chin) April Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) Michael Thompson May Heather Graham (/wiki/Heather_Graham) Michael Thompson June Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) Michael Thompson July Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) Michael Thompson August Michelle Pfeiffer (/wiki/Michelle_Pfeiffer) Michael Thompson September Heather Locklear (/wiki/Heather_Locklear) Michael Thompson October Kim Basinger (/wiki/Kim_Basinger) Michael Thompson November Lucy Liu (/wiki/Lucy_Liu) Michael Thompson December Gisele Bündchen Michael Thompson 2001 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Michael Thompson March Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) Michael Thompson April Angie Harmon (/wiki/Angie_Harmon) Michael Thompson May Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Michael Thompson June Sarah Michelle Gellar (/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) July Erin Wasson (/wiki/Erin_Wasson) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) August Lara Flynn Boyle (/wiki/Lara_Flynn_Boyle) Regan Cameron September Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) Michael Thompson October Amber Valletta Michael Thompson November Calista Flockhart (/wiki/Calista_Flockhart) Michael Thompson December Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Michael Thompson 2002 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Liv Tyler (/wiki/Liv_Tyler) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Michael Thompson March Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) Michael Thompson April Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) Michael Thompson May Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Michael Thompson June Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) Michael Thompson July Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Michael Thompson August Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Michael Thompson September Jennifer Garner (/wiki/Jennifer_Garner) Michael Thompson October Debra Messing (/wiki/Debra_Messing) Michael Thompson November Lisa Kudrow (/wiki/Lisa_Kudrow) Michael Thompson December Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) Michael Thompson 2003 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Faith Hill (/wiki/Faith_Hill) Michael Thompson March Meg Ryan (/wiki/Meg_Ryan) Michael Thompson April Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) Michael Thompson May Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) Michael Thompson June Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) Michael Thompson July Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) Michael Thompson August Naomi Watts (/wiki/Naomi_Watts) Michael Thompson September Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Michael Thompson October Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) Michael Thompson November Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Michael Thompson December Jennifer Connelly (/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly) Michael Thompson 2004 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Michael Thompson March Debra Messing (/wiki/Debra_Messing) Michael Thompson April Jessica Simpson (/wiki/Jessica_Simpson) Michael Thompson May Mary-Kate (/wiki/Mary-Kate_Olsen) & Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Ashley_Olsen) Michael Thompson June Kelly Ripa (/wiki/Kelly_Ripa) Michael Thompson July Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) Michael Thompson August Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) Michael Thompson September Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) Michael Thompson October Sarah Michelle Gellar (/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar) Michael Thompson November Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) December Claire Danes (/wiki/Claire_Danes) Michael Thompson 2005 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Ashlee Simpson (/wiki/Ashlee_Simpson) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Mischa Barton (/wiki/Mischa_Barton) Michael Thompson March Ashley Judd (/wiki/Ashley_Judd) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) April Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) Michael Thompson May Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) Michael Thompson June Ellen DeGeneres (/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres) Michael Thompson July Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) Michael Thompson August Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) Michael Thompson September Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) Michael Thompson October Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) Michael Thompson November Rachel McAdams (/wiki/Rachel_McAdams) Michael Thompson December Teri Hatcher (/wiki/Teri_Hatcher) Michael Thompson 2006 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) Michael Thompson March Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) Michael Thompson April Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) Michael Thompson May Meg Ryan (/wiki/Meg_Ryan) Michael Thompson June Audrey Tautou (/wiki/Audrey_Tautou) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) July Kate Beckinsale (/wiki/Kate_Beckinsale) Michael Thompson August Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) Michael Thompson September Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Michael Thompson October Jessica Simpson (/wiki/Jessica_Simpson) Michael Thompson November Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) Michael Thompson December Ellen Pompeo (/wiki/Ellen_Pompeo) Michael Thompson 2007 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Naomi Watts (/wiki/Naomi_Watts) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) Michael Thompson March Michelle Pfeiffer (/wiki/Michelle_Pfeiffer) Michael Thompson April Jennifer Garner (/wiki/Jennifer_Garner) Michael Thompson May Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) June Katherine Heigl (/wiki/Katherine_Heigl) Michael Thompson July Liv Tyler (/wiki/Liv_Tyler) Michael Thompson August Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Michael Thompson September Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) Michael Thompson October Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) Michael Thompson November Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Michael Thompson December Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) Michael Thompson 2008 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) March Kate Beckinsale (/wiki/Kate_Beckinsale) Michael Thompson April Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) Michael Thompson May Hilary Duff (/wiki/Hilary_Duff) Michael Thompson June Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) Michael Thompson July Ali Larter (/wiki/Ali_Larter) Michael Thompson August Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Michael Thompson September Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) Michael Thompson October Ellen Pompeo (/wiki/Ellen_Pompeo) Michael Thompson November Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) December Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) Tom Munro 2009 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Eva Mendes (/wiki/Eva_Mendes) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Isla Fisher (/wiki/Isla_Fisher) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) March Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) Michael Thompson April Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) Michael Thompson May Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) Michael Thompson June Jessica Biel (/wiki/Jessica_Biel) Michael Thompson July Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) Michael Thompson August Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) Michael Thompson September Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) Norman Jean Roy October Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) November Kristen Stewart (/wiki/Kristen_Stewart) Michael Thompson December Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) Carter Smith 2010s [ edit ] 2010 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Michael Thompson March Jessica Simpson (/wiki/Jessica_Simpson) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) April Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) May Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Michael Thompson June Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) Greg Kadel (/wiki/Greg_Kadel) July Diane Kruger (/wiki/Diane_Kruger) Michael Thompson August Eva Mendes (/wiki/Eva_Mendes) Michael Thompson September Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) Michael Thompson October Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) Norman Jean Roy November Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) December Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) Michael Thompson 2011 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Leighton Meester (/wiki/Leighton_Meester) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Michael Thompson March Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Michael Thompson April Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) May Lauren Conrad (/wiki/Lauren_Conrad) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) June January Jones (/wiki/January_Jones) Norman Jean Roy July Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) Norman Jean Roy August Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) Michael Thompson September Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) October Olivia Wilde (/wiki/Olivia_Wilde) Carter Smith November Ashley Greene (/wiki/Ashley_Greene) Michael Thompson December Lea Michele (/wiki/Lea_Michele) Norman Jean Roy 2012 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Rooney Mara (/wiki/Rooney_Mara) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Zooey Deschanel (/wiki/Zooey_Deschanel) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) March Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) Norman Jean Roy April Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) Michael Thompson May Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Norman Jean Roy June Elizabeth Banks (/wiki/Elizabeth_Banks) Norman Jean Roy July Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) August Kate Beckinsale (/wiki/Kate_Beckinsale) Norman Jean Roy September Sofía Vergara (/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_Vergara) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) October Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) Carter Smith November Lauren Conrad (/wiki/Lauren_Conrad) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) December Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 2013 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) February Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) March Mila Kunis (/wiki/Mila_Kunis) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) April Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) Tom Munro May Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) June Zoe Saldana (/wiki/Zoe_Saldana) Tom Munro July Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) August Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) September Jennifer Garner (/wiki/Jennifer_Garner) Alexi Lubomirski October Olivia Wilde (/wiki/Olivia_Wilde) Norman Jean Roy November Naomi Watts (/wiki/Naomi_Watts) Carter Smith December Mary-Kate (/wiki/Mary-Kate_Olsen) & Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Ashley_Olsen) Peter Lindbergh (/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh) 2014 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) February Jennifer Connelly (/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) March Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) April Lauren Conrad (/wiki/Lauren_Conrad) Alexi Lubomirski May Olivia Munn (/wiki/Olivia_Munn) Carter Smith June Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) July Taylor Schilling (/wiki/Taylor_Schilling) Carter Smith August Rachel McAdams (/wiki/Rachel_McAdams) Carter Smith September Chloë Grace Moretz (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Grace_Moretz) Carter Smith October Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) Mario Testino November Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) Carter Smith December Allison Williams (/wiki/Allison_Williams_(actress)) Carter Smith 2015 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) February Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) March Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) April Julianne Hough (/wiki/Julianne_Hough) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) May Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) Mario Testino June Elizabeth Banks (/wiki/Elizabeth_Banks) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) July Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) Carter Smith August Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) Patrick Demarchelier September Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) Carter Smith October Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) November Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) Tom Munro December Claire Danes (/wiki/Claire_Danes) Sebastian Kim 2016 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Emma Roberts (/wiki/Emma_Roberts) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) February Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) March Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Patrick Demarchelier April Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) May FKA Twigs (/wiki/FKA_Twigs) Alasdair McLellan (/wiki/Alasdair_McLellan) June Elizabeth Olsen (/wiki/Elizabeth_Olsen) Tom Craig July Zoe Saldana (/wiki/Zoe_Saldana) Patrick Demarchelier August Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) Scott Trindle September Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) Will Davidson October Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Patrick Demarchelier November Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) Scott Trindle December Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) Patrick Demarchelier 2017 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) Jason Kibbler February Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) Paola Kudacki March Allison Williams (/wiki/Allison_Williams_(actress)) Jason Kibbler April Dilone (/wiki/Dilone) Imaan Hammam (/wiki/Imaan_Hammam) Aamito Lagum (/wiki/Aamito_Lagum) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) May Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) Daniel Jackson June Zoë Kravitz (/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Kravitz) Patrick Demarchelier July Halima Aden (/wiki/Halima_Aden) Sølve Sundsbø (/wiki/S%C3%B8lve_Sundsb%C3%B8) August Emily Ratajkowski (/wiki/Emily_Ratajkowski) Daniel Jackson September Helen Mirren (/wiki/Helen_Mirren) Scott Trindle October Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) Daniel Jackson November Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) Sharif Hamza December Amber Heard (/wiki/Amber_Heard) Daniel Jackson 2018 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Edie Campbell (/wiki/Edie_Campbell) Daniel Jackson February Dakota Johnson (/wiki/Dakota_Johnson) Petra Collins (/wiki/Petra_Collins) March Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) April Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) Daniel Jackson May Sasha Lane (/wiki/Sasha_Lane) Scott Trindle June Fei Fei Sun (/wiki/Fei_Fei_Sun) Fernanda Ly (/wiki/Fernanda_Ly) Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Sølve Sundsbø (/wiki/S%C3%B8lve_Sundsb%C3%B8) July Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) Camila Falquez August Lily James (/wiki/Lily_James) Sharif Hamza September Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) Daniel Jackson October Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Nadine Ijewere (/wiki/Nadine_Ijewere) November Angela Bassett (/wiki/Angela_Bassett) Sharif Hamza December/January Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Vicki King 2019 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) Tanya & Zhenya Posternak March Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) April Gemma Chan (/wiki/Gemma_Chan) Paola Kudacki May Adut Akech (/wiki/Adut_Akech) Daniel Jackson June Emilia Clarke (/wiki/Emilia_Clarke) Marcus Ohlsson July Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham_(model)) Vanina Sorrenti August Naomi Osaka (/wiki/Naomi_Osaka) Wai Lin Tse September Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) Sølve Sundsbø (/wiki/S%C3%B8lve_Sundsb%C3%B8) October Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) Daniel Jackson November Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) Emma Summerton December/January Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) Miguel Reveriego (/wiki/Miguel_Reveriego) 2020s [ edit ] 2020 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) Ben Hassett March Lili Reinhart (/wiki/Lili_Reinhart) Marcus Ohlsson April Dixie Chicks (/wiki/The_Chicks) Liz Collins May Jihyo (/wiki/Jihyo) Ahn Jooyoung June/July Emma Chamberlain (/wiki/Emma_Chamberlain) [1] (#cite_note-1) Lindsay Ellary August Ashlyn Harris (/wiki/Ashlyn_Harris) Ali Krieger (/wiki/Ali_Krieger) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) September Hunter Schafer (/wiki/Hunter_Schafer) [2] (#cite_note-2) Daniella Midenge October Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) Micaiah Carter November Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) Ruth Ossai December/January Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) Ben Hassett 2021 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Pat McGrath (/wiki/Pat_McGrath_(make-up_artist)) Richard Burbridge [3] (#cite_note-3) March Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Daniella Midenge [4] (#cite_note-4) April Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) Daria Kobayashi Ritch [5] (#cite_note-5) May Lee Chae-rin (CL) (/wiki/CL_(rapper)) Peter Ash Lee [6] (#cite_note-6) June/July Awkwafina (/wiki/Awkwafina) Christine Hahn August Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) Jackie Nickerson [7] (#cite_note-7) September Normani (/wiki/Normani) Adrienne Raquel [8] (#cite_note-8) October Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) Zoey Grossman [9] (#cite_note-9) November Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) Camila Falquez [10] (#cite_note-10) December/January Barbie Ferreira (/wiki/Barbie_Ferreira) Jennifer Livingston [11] (#cite_note-11) 2022 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) [12] (#cite_note-12) March Amanda Gorman (/wiki/Amanda_Gorman) Djeneba Aduayom (/w/index.php?title=Djeneba_Aduayom&action=edit&redlink=1) [13] (#cite_note-13) April Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Rid Burman (/w/index.php?title=Rid_Burman&action=edit&redlink=1) [14] (#cite_note-14) May Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) Zoey Grossman (/w/index.php?title=Zoey_Grossman&action=edit&redlink=1) [15] (#cite_note-15) June/July Chloe Bailey (/wiki/Chloe_Bailey) Micaiah Carter (/w/index.php?title=Micaiah_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1) [16] (#cite_note-16) August Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) Danielle Levitt [17] (#cite_note-17) September Millie Bobby Brown (/wiki/Millie_Bobby_Brown) Jem Mitchell [18] (#cite_note-18) October Quannah Chasinghorse (/wiki/Quannah_Chasinghorse) Cass Bird [19] (#cite_note-19) November Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) Peter Ash Lee [20] (#cite_note-20) December Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Zoey Grossmann [21] (#cite_note-21) 2023 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Chloë Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) Andrew Vowles April Rina Sawayama (/wiki/Rina_Sawayama) Johnson Lui (/w/index.php?title=Johnson_Lui&action=edit&redlink=1) May Jennifer Garner (/wiki/Jennifer_Garner) Tom Schirmacher (/w/index.php?title=Tom_Schirmacher&action=edit&redlink=1) June Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) Ben Hassett (/w/index.php?title=Ben_Hassett&action=edit&redlink=1) Allure Russia [ edit ] Russian edition of Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) magazine was published from September 2012 to December 2016. 2012 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer September Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) October Maryna Linchuk (/wiki/Maryna_Linchuk) Guy Aroch (/wiki/Guy_Aroch) November Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) Catherine Servel December Edita Vilkevičiūtė (/wiki/Edita_Vilkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97) Raymond Meier (/wiki/Raymond_Meier_(photographer)) 2013 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Vlada Roslyakova (/wiki/Vlada_Roslyakova) Alique February Crystal Renn (/wiki/Crystal_Renn) Raymond Meier (/wiki/Raymond_Meier_(photographer)) March Anne Vyalitsyna (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) Norman Jean Roy (/wiki/Norman_Jean_Roy) April Daria Popova (/w/index.php?title=Daria_Popova_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) Walter Chin (/wiki/Walter_Chin) May Renata Litvinova (/wiki/Renata_Litvinova) Danil Golovkin June Kendra Spears (/wiki/Salwa_Aga_Khan) Giampaolo Sgura (/wiki/Giampaolo_Sgura) July Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) August Enikő Mihalik (/wiki/Enik%C5%91_Mihalik) Walter Chin September Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Giampaolo Sgura October Lisa Cant (/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Cant&action=edit&redlink=1) Chris Craymer November Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) Paola Kudacki December Ginta Lapiņa (/wiki/Ginta_Lapi%C5%86a) Norman Jean Roy 2014 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Kati Nescher (/wiki/Kati_Nescher) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) February Maryna Linchuk (/wiki/Maryna_Linchuk) Nicolas Moore March Sigrid Agren (/wiki/Sigrid_Agren) Tom Munro April Kasia Struss (/wiki/Kasia_Struss) Giampaolo Sgura (/wiki/Giampaolo_Sgura) May Alyssa Miller (/wiki/Alyssa_Miller) Kenneth Willardt June Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) Nicolas Moore July Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) Duy Vo August Enikő Mihalik (/wiki/Enik%C5%91_Mihalik) Jem Mitchell September Anna Selezneva (/wiki/Anna_Selezneva) Giampaolo Sgura October Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) Nicolas Moore November Maryna Linchuk Nicolas Moore December Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 2015 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Larissa Hofmann (/w/index.php?title=Larissa_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1) Steven Pan February Snejana Onopka (/wiki/Snejana_Onopka) Walter Chin (/wiki/Walter_Chin) March Kate Bogucharskaia (/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bogucharskaia&action=edit&redlink=1) Jason Kim April Elisabeth Erm (/wiki/Elisabeth_Erm) Michelangelo Di Battista May Kori Richardson (/w/index.php?title=Kori_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1) Kenneth Willardt June Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Kenneth Willardt July/August Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Marcin Tyszka September Anastasia Kolganova (/w/index.php?title=Anastasia_Kolganova&action=edit&redlink=1) Michelangelo Di Battista October Fanny François (/w/index.php?title=Fanny_Fran%C3%A7ois&action=edit&redlink=1) Dusan Reljin November Julia Frauche (/w/index.php?title=Julia_Frauche&action=edit&redlink=1) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) December/January Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Liz Collins 2016 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer February Devon Windsor (/wiki/Devon_Windsor) Dean Isidro March Emily DiDonato (/wiki/Emily_DiDonato) Guy Aroch (/wiki/Guy_Aroch) April Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) Danil Golovkin May Vika Falileeva Olaf Wipperfürth June Barbara Palvin (/wiki/Barbara_Palvin) Marcin Tyszka July/August Elena Perminova (/w/index.php?title=Elena_Perminova&action=edit&redlink=1) Marcin Tyszka September Dasha Gold (/w/index.php?title=Dasha_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1) Nicolas Moore October Vera Brezhneva (/wiki/Vera_Brezhneva) Danil Golovkin November Elena Perminova Kenneth Willardt December/January Esther Heesch (/w/index.php?title=Esther_Heesch&action=edit&redlink=1) Sebastian Kim References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chia, Jessica (May 10, 2020). "A Look Into Emma Chamberlain's Virtual Reality" (https://www.allure.com/story/emma-chamberlain-june-2020-cover-interview) . Allure . Retrieved August 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kilbane, Brennan (August 11, 2020). "Hunter Schafer: "Trying to Feel Seen Has Been the Project of My Life" (https://www.allure.com/story/hunter-schafer-september-cover-interview) " (https://www.allure.com/story/hunter-schafer-september-cover-interview) . Allure . Retrieved August 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bailly, Jenny (January 12, 2021). "The Genius of Pat McGrath" (https://www.allure.com/story/pat-mcgrath-cover-interview-february-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pergament, Danielle. "Jennifer Lopez: The Glory and the Dream (and the Drive)" (https://www.allure.com/story/jennifer-lopez-cover-interview-march-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pergament, Danielle. "Alicia Keys Wants to Be Your New Self-Care Mentor" (https://www.allure.com/story/alicia-keys-cover-interview-april-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kilbane, Brennan. "CL Would Like to Reintroduce Herself" (https://www.allure.com/story/cl-lee-chae-rin-cover-interview-may-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pergament, Danielle. "Halsey Always Breaks the Mold" (https://www.allure.com/story/halsey-cover-interview-august-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Starling, Lakin Imani. "Normani Finds a Bold New Voice" (https://www.allure.com/story/normani-cover-interview-september-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Kilbane, Brennan. "The Business of Being Ariana Grande" (https://www.allure.com/story/ariana-grande-rem-beauty-cover-story-interview) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Tortolani, Patricia. "Bad Bunny Is Here at the Right Time" (https://www.allure.com/story/bad-bunny-cover-interview-november-2021) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Mazzone, Dianna. "Barbie Ferreira Risked It All — and It Paid Off" (https://www.allure.com/story/barbie-ferreira-cover-interview-december-january-2022) . Allure . Retrieved March 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Givhan, Robin (January 11, 2022). "Janet Jackson Is Still in Control" (https://www.allure.com/story/janet-jackson-cover-interview-february-2022) . Allure . Retrieved July 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Cruel, Jessica. "How Amanda Gorman Uses Makeup as Poetry" (https://www.allure.com/story/amanda-gorman-cover-interview-march-2022) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mazzone, Dianna (March 10, 2022). "Bollywood Star Deepika Padukone Keeps Expanding Her Influence" (https://www.allure.com/story/deepika-padukone-cover-interview-april-2022) . Allure . Retrieved July 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Hailey Bieber Knows You're Sick of Celebrity Beauty Brands" (https://www.allure.com/story/hailey-bieber-cover-interview-may-2022) . Allure . April 7, 2022 . Retrieved July 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Morgan, Joan (May 12, 2022). "Chlöe Takes Her Place Among the Hip-Hop Feminists" (https://www.allure.com/story/chloe-bailey-cover-interview-june-july-2022) . Allure . Retrieved July 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Pergament, Danielle. "Kim Kardashian and I Analyzed Each Other's Faces" (https://www.allure.com/story/kim-kardashian-cover-interview-august-2022) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Zemler, Emily. "Millie Bobby Brown's Year of Healing" (https://www.allure.com/story/millie-bobby-brown-cover-interview-september-2022) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Yáx Ádi Yádi London, Alyssa. "Has Made Her Mark" (https://www.allure.com/story/quannah-chasinghorse-cover-interview-october-2022) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Symoné Harvin, Darian. "Ciara's Lasting Career Is a Testament to Her Community" (https://www.allure.com/story/ciara-cover-interview-november-2022) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Pergament, Danielle. "Jennifer Aniston Has Nothing to Hide" (https://www.allure.com/story/jennifer-aniston-december-2022-cover-interview) . Allure . Retrieved January 31, 2022 . External links [ edit ] Allure Magazine [United States (http://www.magazine-covers.net/t2787329/michael-thompson/allure-magazine-united-states-february-2000-magazine-cover.html) (February 2000)] Linda Tresham's House of Magazines: (https://web.archive.org/web/20130617195550/http://www.iluvmags.com/allure.html) Allure Allure Russia covers (https://models.com/client/allure-russia/Magazine_Cover) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐66pcq Cached time: 20240715112856 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.487 seconds Real time usage: 0.809 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1980/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38802/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 599/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 77390/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.235/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5313691/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 623.126 1 -total 35.23% 219.553 1 Template:Reflist 31.27% 194.846 21 Template:Cite_magazine 22.89% 142.604 1 Template:Italic_title 21.09% 131.387 1 Template:No_footnotes 17.04% 106.158 1 Template:Short_description 9.12% 56.840 1 Template:Ambox 8.20% 51.072 2 Template:Pagetype 6.54% 40.765 5 Template:Main_other 6.14% 38.245 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31510535-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715112856 and revision id 1213172263. 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Shirt-maker Eton AB Eton store display at Göteborg Landvetter Airport (/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg_Landvetter_Airport) in 2019 [1] (#cite_note-MDR-1) Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) ( Aktiebolag (/wiki/Aktiebolag) ) Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Founded 1928 in Gånghester (/wiki/G%C3%A5nghester) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) Founders Annie Petterson David Petterson Headquarters Gånghester , Sweden Area served Worldwide Key people David Thörewik ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Erik Wilkinson ( CSO (/wiki/Chief_sales_officer) ) Products Luxury men's shirts (/wiki/Shirt) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Owner EQT AB (/wiki/EQT_AB) (85%) Number of employees 250 (2018) Website etonshirts (http://etonshirts.com) .com (http://etonshirts.com) The Syfabriken Special factory Annie and David Pettersson Seamstresses (/wiki/Seamstress) in the factory Eton AB is a Swedish manufacturer of men's shirts (/wiki/Shirt) . It was founded in 1928 by David and Annie Petterson in the small village of Gånghester (/wiki/G%C3%A5nghester) in Sweden. Eton is now a global brand, being sold in more than 1,500 stores in over 50 countries, with flagship stores (/wiki/Flagship_store) in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Frankfurt (/wiki/Frankfurt) , London (/wiki/London) and New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [2] (#cite_note-gg-2) History [ edit ] Early history [ edit ] During the 1920s (/wiki/1920s) , Annie Petterson started to sew dresses in the family kitchen. When the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) forced her husband David to close down the family sawmill (/wiki/Sawmill) , he joined his wife's quickly growing business. The company was originally called Syfabriken Special (Specialized Sewing Factory). [3] (#cite_note-3) With an increasing focus on men's shirts, the company soon changed its name to Skjortfabriken Special (Specialized Shirt Factory). [2] (#cite_note-gg-2) 1950–2000 [ edit ] At the beginning of the 1950s, Skjortfabriken Special launched the so-called "Eton shirt", created with inspiration from the famous Eton College (/wiki/Eton_College) . In the mid-1950s, export started to Great Britain but since Skjortfabriken Special was difficult to pronounce for non-Swedes, "Eton" was adopted as the company name. [4] (#cite_note-4) In connection with the international expansion, a new and modern factory was built in Gånghester. The building still functions as the company headquarters. During the 1980s, Eton started working to offer high quality, premium shirts. [2] (#cite_note-gg-2) In 1992, Eton presented, after a collaboration with Swiss experts, the world's first non-iron shirt (/wiki/Non-iron_shirt) in 100% cotton. The first reseller was the British department store Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , which sold more than 600 shirts the first week alone. [5] (#cite_note-5) 2001–present [ edit ] In 2012, family-owned Eton was acquired by the Swedish private equity firm Litorina. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2016, Swedish private equity group EQT AB (/wiki/EQT_AB) became Eton's new owner. [7] (#cite_note-7) Key people [ edit ] Hans Davidson, grandson to the founders Annie and David Petterson, was the CEO between 1989-2019. At the beginning of 2019, Eton announced that Hans Davidson, after more than 30 years as acting CEO, would step down and hand over the role to David Thörewik, former managing director at Weekday, one of the independent brands in the H&M (/wiki/H%26M) group. [8] (#cite_note-8) Operations [ edit ] Eton has its own branded stores in Europe (/wiki/Europe) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) , including an official online store. It is represented by more than 1500 resellers as of 2018, including department stores Harrods, Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) , Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , Harry Rosen Inc (/wiki/Harry_Rosen_Inc) , Le Bon Marché (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) , El Corte Inglés (/wiki/El_Corte_Ingl%C3%A9s) , La Rinascente (/wiki/La_Rinascente) and KaDeWe (/wiki/KaDeWe) . Besides its Gånghester headquarters, Eton has offices in Stockholm, Düsseldorf (/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf) , Cantù (/wiki/Cant%C3%B9) , London, New York, and Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) . The turnover for 2018 was a record high, with double-digit growth. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-MDR_1-0) Mark Lane (8 February 2019), Eton Shirts to open first airport store outside Scandinavia at Munich International , The Moodie Davitt Report ^ Jump up to: a b c Schneide r, Sven Raphael. "ETON Shirts – Swedish Shirtmaking At Its Best — Gentleman's Gazette" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/eton-shirts-swedish-shirtmaking/) . www.gentlemansgazette.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Eton Shirts Review: Scandi Supremos" (https://www.union22.co.uk/blogs/journal/eton-shirts-review) . Union 22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About Eton | Eton Shirts US" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201126211910/https://www.etonshirts.com/us/About-Eton) . www.etonshirts.com . Archived from the original (https://www.etonshirts.com/us/about-eton/) on 2020-11-26 . Retrieved 2019-04-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Staff, Umgås (February 19, 2018). "Eton: 90 Years Of Tradition Coupled With Modern Innovation And Design" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181517/http://www.umgasmagazine.com/eton-90-years-tradition-coupled-modern-innovation-design/) . Archived from the original (http://www.umgasmagazine.com/eton-90-years-tradition-coupled-modern-innovation-design/) on November 12, 2018 . Retrieved April 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Eton selects Litorina as partner" (http://www.litorina.se/en/2012/eton-selects-litorina-partner/) . May 30, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Carlson, FashionNetwork com, Cajsa Lykke. "Eton bought by EQT VII" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Eton-bought-by-EQT-VII,612250.html) . FashionNetwork.com . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Whelan, 15 February 2019By Grace. "Weekday CEO joins Eton Group" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/latest-news/weekday-ceo-joins-eton-group/7034445.article) . Drapers . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "ETON NAMES NEW CEO" (https://mr-mag.com/eton-names-new-ceo/) . February 15, 2019. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.etonshirts.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐f6dbz Cached time: 20240713142314 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.547 seconds Real time usage: 0.877 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1636/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27489/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2131/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.345/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5660653/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 798.574 1 -total 40.24% 321.351 1 Template:Infobox_company 36.70% 293.064 1 Template:Infobox 31.84% 254.295 1 Template:Reflist 25.51% 203.690 1 Template:Short_description 20.31% 162.197 1 Template:Citation 15.51% 123.876 8 Template:Main_other 14.50% 115.831 1 Template:SDcat 8.00% 63.907 2 Template:Pagetype 7.30% 58.316 8 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60393492-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713142314 and revision id 1224783427. 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Swedish fashion brand The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Eytys" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Eytys%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Eytys%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Eytys%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Eytys%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Eytys%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Eytys%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Eytys Company type Private company Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2013 Founders Max Schiller, creative director Jonathan Hirschfeld, CEO Headquarters Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) Website www (http://www.eytys.com) .eytys (http://www.eytys.com) .com (http://www.eytys.com) Eytys (stylized as EYTYS , and pronounced as "eighties") is a fashion brand based in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) . It was launched in 2013 by Max Schiller and Jonathan Hirschfeld as a unisex sneaker (/wiki/Sneakers) and footwear label. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The brand later expanded its genderless direction with a line of jeans (/wiki/Jeans) in 2017, [3] (#cite_note-3) and has since 2019 released full seasonal ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) collections. [4] (#cite_note-4) Collaborations [ edit ] In 2016, Eytys released a limited-run sneaker together with Swedish rapper Yung Lean (/wiki/Yung_Lean) and artist collective Sad Boys (/w/index.php?title=Sad_Boys&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Following its expansion into clothing, the brand released a joint collection with H&M (/wiki/H%26M) in 2019 that offered both sneakers and ready-to-wear. [6] (#cite_note-6) A capsule collection made with Japanese fashion designer Michiko Koshino (/wiki/Michiko_Koshino) was also released in 2019, featuring items inspired by 1990s rave (/wiki/Rave) culture. [7] (#cite_note-7) The brand has also collaborated with editor and creative director Luis Venegas (/wiki/Luis_Venegas_(publisher)) on his magazine EY! Magateen for its 2020 and 2021 publications, featuring local models and personalities from Israel (/wiki/Israel) and Australia (/wiki/Australia) . [8] (#cite_note-8) During the early parts of his music career, British-Swedish singer and model Ecco2K (/wiki/Ecco2K) also worked as a designer and in-house photo editor at the brand. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "EYTYS - Official Online Shop" (https://eytys.com/) . eytys.com . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Claire, Marie (2016-02-05). "Eytys Is The Cult New Trainer Brand From Acne Designer" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion-news/move-over-stan-smiths-eytys-is-the-cult-new-trainer-brand-from-acne-designer-19820) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 2022-07-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Eytys, Cult Footwear Label, Launches Ready-To-Wear" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/eytys-cult-footwear-label-launches-ready-to-wear/) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Eytys to Drop First Ever Ready-To-Wear Collection" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/eytys-rtw-fw19-collection/) . Highsnobiety . 2019-01-23 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Eytys Collaborates With Yung Lean & Sad Boys for New "Spider" (https://hypebeast.com/2016/11/sad-boys-yung-lean-eytys-spider) " (https://hypebeast.com/2016/11/sad-boys-yung-lean-eytys-spider) . HYPEBEAST . 2016-11-17 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Murray, Georgia. "H&M's New Collab Might Be Its Coolest Yet" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/hm-eytys-collaboration) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Michiko Koshino & Eytys Get Rave-Ready With Inflatable Jackets, Zipped Trousers & '90s Prints" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/9/michiko-koshino-eytys-fall-winter-2019-capsule-collection-lookbook) . HYPEBEAST . 2019-09-17 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Eytys Goes Down Under with Ey! Magazine" (https://www.vogue.com/article/eytys-teams-up-with-luis-venegas-for-ey-magazine-the-aussie-issue) . Vogue . 2021-05-27 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Is There Anything He Can't Do? Meet Stockholm's Stylish Multi-Hyphenate Zak Arogundade" (https://www.vogue.com/article/musicians-zak-arogundade) . Vogue . 2016-09-02 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Color of clothing (/wiki/Color_of_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐z2qjp Cached time: 20240715090257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.029 seconds Real time usage: 0.063 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 388/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627167/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 36.982 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 36.982 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62526409-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715090257 and revision id 1181608205. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. D Dresses by color (/wiki/Category:Dresses_by_color) ‎ (10 C) Pages in category "Color of clothing" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Color analysis (/wiki/Color_analysis) Color of clothing (/wiki/Color_of_clothing) D Designation of workers by collar color (/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color) The dress (/wiki/The_dress) H Hypercolor (/wiki/Hypercolor) L Liturgical colours (/wiki/Liturgical_colours) M Monochrome outfit (/wiki/Monochrome_outfit) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Color_of_clothing&oldid=1181608205 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Color_of_clothing&oldid=1181608205) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Color (/wiki/Category:Color) Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing)
(Redirected from Julia Bösch (/w/index.php?title=Julia_B%C3%B6sch&redirect=no) ) German men's clothing startup Outfittery GmbH is a German online personal shopping (/wiki/Personal_shopper) service founded by Julia Bösch . [1] (#cite_note-weishaupt-1) She came up with the idea of an online personal shopping service when a friend tried out a personal shopper service in New York. [2] (#cite_note-2) Together with the other cofounder Anna Alex she raised €50 million for their Berlin-based startup and established Outfittery in 2012. [3] (#cite_note-knowles-3) Outfittery combines Artificial Intelligence with real-life stylists to help customers find the right clothes. In 2018 Outfittery served 500,000 customers in eight European countries. [3] (#cite_note-knowles-3) Originally, the service was only available for menswear. In 2021, Outfittery started offering womenswear. [4] (#cite_note-4) Company founder Bösch previously worked as Head of International Business Development at Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) [5] (#cite_note-5) and as a student she went on a student exchange to Columbia Business School (/wiki/Columbia_Business_School) , where she saw many fellow students starting a business right after graduation. [6] (#cite_note-6) She was listed in the Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) list of Europe's Top 50 Women in Tech 2018. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2020, Outfittery were reprimanded for breaching GDPR Article 5(1)(a), Article 6(1), Article 17(1), Article 21(3) and Article 24(1). [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-weishaupt_1-0) Weishaupt, Georg; Steger, Johannes (11 May 2018). "Badly dressed men (you know who you are) get help from artificial intelligence" (https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies/badly-dressed-men-know-get-help-artificial-intelligence-911018) . Handelsblatt Global . Retrieved 21 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Fünfzehn Fragen an Julia Bösch von Outfittery - deutsche-startups.de" (https://www.deutsche-startups.de/2012/09/07/fuenfzehn-fragen-an-julia-boesch-von-outfittery/) . deutsche-startups.de (in German). 2012-09-07 . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b Knowles, Kitty. "With $62 Million in Funding, This German Startup Uses AI and Human Stylists to Free You From Amazon" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kittyknowles/2018/04/12/outfitterys-human-and-ai-stylists-are-the-polar-opposite-of-basic-amazon/#2a3f1cdd7612) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Eichler, Ricarda. "Outfittery kleidet nun auch Frauen ein" (https://www.onlinehaendler-news.de/online-handel/marktplaetze/135375-outfittery-frauen) . www.onlinehaendler-news.de (in German) . Retrieved 2022-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Julia Bösch" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/julia-bosch/#53d031285154) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-11-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Story of Outfittery: How Two Women Disrupted the Men's Clothing Industry" (https://www.userlike.com/en/blog/ecommerce-story-outfittery) . Userlike Live Chat . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Europe's Top 50 Women In Tech" (https://www.forbes.com/top-tech-women-europe/list/2/#tab:overall) . Forbes . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (2020). "Reprimand for a violation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)" (https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-08/debe_2021-02_right_to_objet_to_access_to_erasure_decision_redacted.pdf) (PDF) . European Data Protection Board . Retrieved 16 February 2024 . 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Set of jewelry Sapphire parure of Queen Maria Amélie of France (/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Naples_and_Sicily) A parure ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) p ə ˈ r ʊər / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ) is a set of various items of matching jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , which rose to popularity in early 19th-century Europe. [1] (#cite_note-Tolkien29-1) Terminology [ edit ] A parure typically consists of a combination of a matching necklace (/wiki/Necklace) , earrings (/wiki/Earrings) , brooch (/wiki/Brooch) , bracelet (/wiki/Bracelet) and often a diadem (/wiki/Diadem) or tiara (/wiki/Tiara) . A variation is the demiparure which consists of as few as two matching pieces, such as earrings and a necklace or brooch. [2] (#cite_note-Miller-2) [3] (#cite_note-Miller2-3) Design [ edit ] A parure is not a static piece of jewelry but rather, is modular and can be reconfigured to remain fashionable and suit different occasions. Members of court and higher social ranks vied for the best jewelers to create the most imaginative and elaborate collections that would increase their status. Some necklaces could be worn intact or temporarily disassembled into bracelets, pendants, hair ornaments or brooches with interchangeable components and locking systems. Cases for storing parures were also often highly decorative. [1] (#cite_note-Tolkien29-1) History [ edit ] Artisans under Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) were credited with some of the first parure inventions in the 18th century. Diamonds, often paired with silver, were popular at that time. A famous example was created for Mademoiselle d'Aubigné's wedding, which included: earrings, two pendants, loops and clasps for the sleeves, 32 buttons, and a large bowknot. [ citation needed ] There is a tendency for paste (/wiki/Rhinestone) parures from the period to survive to the present, [4] (#cite_note-Phillips116-4) as the low value of the component parts made them less likely to be broken up for reuse. [4] (#cite_note-Phillips116-4) Napoleon Bonaparte (/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte) was fond of lavishing these gem suites on his first wife, Joséphine (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais) , to wear at state functions. Later, he gave similar sets to his second wife, Marie-Louise (/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma) , including a set made from cut steel (/wiki/Cut_steel_jewellery) . [5] (#cite_note-Clifford25-5) From the mid-19th century, parures made up of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) or jet (/wiki/Jet_(lignite)) pieces were made as mourning wear. [6] (#cite_note-Phillips1148-6) Gallery [ edit ] Joséphine (/wiki/Empress_Jos%C3%A9phine) , Empress of the French wearing an emerald and pearls parure, c. 1807. Detail from a portrait by François Gérard (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard) Queen Maria Amalia of France (/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_the_Two_Sicilies) wearing elements of her sapphire parure, 1836 Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) wearing the Brazilian Aquamarine Parure in 2006 Queen Silvia of Sweden (/wiki/Queen_Silvia_of_Sweden) wearing the Pink Topaz Demi-Parure paired with a diamond tiara, 2010 Queen Mary of Denmark (/wiki/Queen_Mary_of_Denmark) wearing the Danish Ruby Parure, 2010 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Tolkien, Tracy; Wilkinson, Henrietta (1997). A Collector's Guide to Costume Jewelry Key Styles and how to recognize them . Firefly Books. p. 29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1552091562 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miller_2-0) Miller, Anna, ed. (1990). Illustrated Guide to Jewelry Appraising: Antique, Period, and Modern . New York: Chapman & Hall. p. 169. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4615-9717-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miller2_3-0) Miller, Anna (1988). Gems and Jewelry Appraising: Techniques of Professional . New York: Chapman & Hall. p. 187. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-943763-53-8 . ^ Jump up to: a b Phillips, Clare (1996). Jewelry from Antiquity to the Present . Thames and Hudson. pp. 116 (https://archive.org/details/jewelryfromantiq00phil/page/116) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0500202877 . ^ (#cite_ref-Clifford25_5-0) Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery . Adams & Dart. p. 25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780239000699 . ^ (#cite_ref-Phillips1148_6-0) Phillips, Clare (1996). Jewelry from Antiquity to the Present . Thames and Hudson. pp. 148-151 (https://archive.org/details/jewelryfromantiq00phil/page/148) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0500202877 . Look up parure (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parure) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parure&oldid=1218189836 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parure&oldid=1218189836) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery (/wiki/Category:Jewellery) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023)