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Submission declined on 18 March 2024 by ToadetteEdit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:ToadetteEdit) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:ToadetteEdit) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Yassine+Mekhnache%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Yassine_Mekhnache) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Yassine_Mekhnache&defaults=y) Declined by ToadetteEdit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:ToadetteEdit) 4 months ago. Last edited by ToadetteEdit (/wiki/User:ToadetteEdit) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:CharlesTaze34&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. French visual artist Yassine Mekhnache (born 19 July 1979) popularly known as Yaze is a French artist. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Career & Work [ edit ] In 2008, Yassine debuted his first gallery exhibition titled "Sponge Up" at the LJ Beaubourg gallery in Paris. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2015, Yassine became the focal point of the documentary 'Color Box' (Encré), directed by filmmaker Rachid Djaïdan. [4] (#cite_note-4) The documentary chronicles the journey of the Franco-Algerian artist as he readies himself for his inaugural exhibition in New York, "Wandering," which premiered at the Catherine Ahnell Gallery in New York. In 2017, Yassine's artistic were showcased at the Chamarande Castle in Essone, France, complemented by a musical performance by Nigerian musician Keziah Jones. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2022, Yassine collaborated with the 19m Gallery in Paris, France, to curate an exhibition entitled 'Episode 2: Murdiya,' featuring Chanel's community of artisans and creative professionals. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Yassine Mekhnache - Bio, Artworks, Exhibitions and more - Artland" (https://www.artland.com/artists/yassine-mekhnache) . www.artland.com . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yassine MEKHNACHE (1979) Estimate, Auction prices, Value, Worth, Buy, Sell – Artprice" (http://www.artprice.com/artist/323229/yassine-mekhnache) . Artprice.com . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Opera Gallery Dubai presents Yassine Mekhnache by Opera Gallery, Art et antiquités - Issuu" (https://issuu.com/operagallery/docs/390-b) . issuu.com . 2017-02-24 . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Yassine Mekhnache documentary featuring Catherine Ahnell Gallery" (https://www.catherineahnellgallery.com/single-post/2018/09/16/how-it-all-actually-started-moma-yassine-mekhnache-and-a-gallery-in-construction) . catherine ahnell gallery . 16 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) à 17h07, Par Cécile ChevallierLe 17 novembre 2017 (2017-11-17). "Chamarande : Keziah Jones et l'artiste Yaze vont faire... disparaître le château" (https://www.leparisien.fr/essonne-91/chamarande-91730/chamarande-keziah-jones-et-l-artiste-yaze-vont-faire-disparaitre-le-chateau-17-11-2017-7399038.php) . leparisien.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Technikart (2017-11-19). "Yassine Mekhnache "Alchymia" et Blackout feat Keziah Jones au Chateau de Chamarande" (https://www.technikart.com/yassine-mekhnache-alchyma-et-blackout-feat-keziah-jones-au-chateau-de-chamarande/) . Technikart (in French) . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Jordan, Eliza (2023-02-22). "la Galerie du 19M Dakar Opens to Share Chanel Creativity with Senegal" (https://whitewall.art/lifestyle/la-galerie-du-19m-dakar-opens-to-share-chanel-creativity-with-senegal/) . Whitewall . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "L'artiste Yassine Mekhnache tisse de déroutants liens entre broderie et peinture contemporaine à la Galerie du 19M" (https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/coups-de-coeur-culture/l-artiste-yassine-mekhnache-tisse-de-deroutants-liens-entre-broderie-et-peinture-contemporaine-a-la-galerie-du-19m_5382070.html) . Franceinfo (in French). 2022-10-12 . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Exhibition "On the Thread: from Dakar to Paris" at la Galerie du 19M" (https://saywho.co.uk/events/lexposition-sur-le-fil-de-dakar-a-paris-investit-la-galerie-du-19m/) . Say Who - le média des communautés influentes de notre époque . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . 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Swedish fashion label and retail chain Gudrun Sjödén , Stockholm, Sweden Gudrun Sjödén , Monmouth Street (/wiki/Monmouth_Street,_London) , Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) , London Gudrun Sjödén is a Swedish fashion label and retail chain. In 2016 the company is headquartered in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , and has 12 stores in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, the UK and the US, and via a Germany subsidiary, six stores in Germany. The company produces and sells fashion clothing an textiles using natural materials, and unusual in fashion labels for offering sizes up to XXL. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] In 1976, Gudrun Sjödén (/wiki/Gudrun_Sj%C3%B6d%C3%A9n) , a 1963 graduate of Konstfack (/wiki/Konstfack) College of Arts and Design in Stockholm, [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) working with her husband Bjorn, opened a store in Stockholm on Regeringsgatan selling clothing of her own design. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) By 1978 the pair had mail order sales of SEK 2 million. Gudrun and Björn Sjödén at work. In 1981 Sjödén established mail order sales in Germany with her sister, Christina Rådevik, and between 1983 and 1990 they opened two stores in the US, as well as stores in Stockholm, Zirndorf (/wiki/Zirndorf) , Gothenburg (/wiki/Gothenburg) and Nuremberg (/wiki/Nuremberg) . [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1993 the company began selling a home textiles collection. Over the next several years the mail order business was expanded to Norway and the United Kingdom. In 2003 a store was opened on Stora Nygatan (/wiki/Stora_Nygatan) in Stockholm, selling fashion, home textiles and flowers. In 2004 Sjödén opened a store in Malmö (/wiki/Malm%C3%B6) , Sweden and she was named “Entrepreneur of the Year” by Stockholm Business Week magazine. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2005 Sjödén was awarded the Stockholm Chamber of Trade "World Class Prize". Stores were later opened in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , Oslo (/wiki/Oslo) , Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) and Stuttgart (/wiki/Stuttgart) . In 2007 Sjödén was presented by King Carl Gustaf of Sweden (/wiki/King_Carl_Gustaf_of_Sweden) with His Majesty the King's medal, Litteris et Artibus (/wiki/Litteris_et_Artibus) , for her contribution as a fashion designer. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) After 2009 the Gudrun Sjödén company continued to expand, opening various stores and a warehouse. Sales reached half a billion Swedish kronor (/wiki/Swedish_krona) by 2011, and the company employed about 230 people. [10] (#cite_note-gudrunsjoden1-10) In 2011, Thomas Hedström was named CEO, while Sjödén remained Creative Director and Head of Design. In 2011, the company had a turnover of SEK 500 million, and about 230 direct employees within the group. In 2012 Sjödén was presented with ELLE magazine's Sustainability Award [11] (#cite_note-11) and also the Businesswoman of the Year Award from BPW, Business and Professional Women Sweden. She carried out environmental work at the Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) in New York City, and in 2013 was awarded the Kungliga Patriotiska Sällskapet (The Royal Patriotic Society) Business Medal. [10] (#cite_note-gudrunsjoden1-10) [12] (#cite_note-12) They opened in the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) in 2012. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2011, the company had a turnover of SEK 500 million, and about 230 direct employees within the group. [10] (#cite_note-gudrunsjoden1-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Gudrun Sjödén: a style icon for all ages and sizes | The Womens Room" (http://www.thewomensroomblog.com/2013/12/05/gudrun-sjoden-a-style-icon-for-all-ages-and-sizes/) . Thewomensroomblog.com . 5 December 2013 . Retrieved 30 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gudrun Sjödén Celebrates 40 Years in Business With New Book and Two Honors" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/gudrun-sjoden-celebrates-40-years-in-business-with-new-book-and-two-honors-10425530/) . WWD , 5 May 2016 By Rosemary Feitelberg ^ (#cite_ref-3) Wärn, Karina Ericsson (2012), Modebibeln. Den svenska. Bonnier Fakta, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-91-7424-149-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7424-149-5) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Gudrun Sjödén: Ingen kan säga åt mig vad jag ska göra" (http://www.dn.se/livsstil/intervjuer/gudrun-sjoden-ingen-kan-saga-at-mig-vad-jag-ska-gora/) . DN.SE . ^ (#cite_ref-auto_5-0) http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/branscher/handel-och-tjanster/kulturtanten-ska-satta-farg-pa-new-york_7971272.svd (http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/branscher/handel-och-tjanster/kulturtanten-ska-satta-farg-pa-new-york_7971272.svd) SvD ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hon klär kulturtanten" (http://www.veteranen.se/kultur/hon-klaer-kulturtanten/) . Veteranen . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "E-handelspionjären Gudrun utses till Årets entreprenör" (http://www.ehandel.se/E-handelspionjaeren-Gudrun-utses-till-aarets-entreprenoer,1174.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181107081448/http://www.ehandel.se/E-handelspionjaeren-Gudrun-utses-till-aarets-entreprenoer,1174.html) 7 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . ehandel.se . 7 March 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Kungligt medaljregn på Slottet" (http://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/kungligt-medaljregn-pa-slottet) . svt.se , 27 January 2007 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Gudrun Sjödén fick medalj" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072918/http://habit.se/gudrun-sjoden-fick-medalj/) . Habit . Archived from the original (http://habit.se/gudrun-sjoden-fick-medalj/) on 19 September 2016 . Retrieved 2 September 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "GUDRUN SJÖDÉN – Webshop, mail order and boutiques | Colourful clothes and home textiles in natural materials. – FÖRETAGET_Företagsfakta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170331055233/http://www.gudrunsjoden.com/uk/gudruns-world/foretagsfakta) . Gudrunsjoden.com . Archived from the original (http://www.gudrunsjoden.com/uk/gudruns-world/foretagsfakta) on 31 March 2017 . Retrieved 30 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) ""An Explosion of colour "An explosion of colour - with a green soul" (https://issuu.com/scanmagazine/docs/scanmagazine_68_september_2014) . Scan Magazine , page 34. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Grattis Gudrun – nu är du guldmedaljör! | Shopping & Mode | Allt om Stockholm" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074459/http://www.alltomstockholm.se/shoppingmode/article4063329.aos) . Archived from the original (http://www.alltomstockholm.se/shoppingmode/article4063329.aos/) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 18 September 2016 . The Royal Patriotic Society ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Gudrun Sjoden opens London shop - That's Not My Age" (http://thatsnotmyage.com/uncategorized/gudrun-sjoden-opens-london-shop/) . Thatsnotmyage.com . 30 March 2012 . Retrieved 30 July 2016 . 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Shawl of the Canary Islands This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Manta_esperancera&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Manta+esperancera&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Manta+esperancera) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Manta_esperancera) for suggestions. ( May 2016 ) Manta esperancera Nativity scene (/wiki/Nativity_scene) in La Orotava (/wiki/La_Orotava) ( Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife) ). The figure representing Saint Joseph (/wiki/Saint_Joseph) wears a manta esperancera . Type Cape (/wiki/Cape) Material Wool (/wiki/Wool) Place of origin Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife) , Spain The manta esperancera is a traditional male cape (/wiki/Cape) worn by farmers in Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife) , Canary Islands (/wiki/Canary_Islands) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) . It is always beige. At the bottom It has a series of alternating stripes with beige background of blue hues. History [ edit ] The manta esperancera originated in high, wet and wooded areas of the island of Tenerife. They were originally wool blankets imported from England (/wiki/England) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Later they became used as men's field clothing. The manta esperancera began in the town of La Esperanza (/w/index.php?title=La_Esperanza,_Tenerife&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Esperanza_(El_Rosario)) ] , as this is the place where the weather made the manta esperancera the most useful. Alternatively, the manta esperancera could be an evolution of the Tamarco , a winter garment that was worn by the Guanche (/wiki/Guanches) autochthones of the Canary Islands. Over time, the manta esperancera has become a symbol of the traditional clothing of the Canary Islands. It is now traditionally worn by several folk groups of the islands including Los Sabandeños (/w/index.php?title=Los_Sabande%C3%B1os&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Sabande%C3%B1os) ] and Los Gofiones (/w/index.php?title=Los_Gofiones&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Gofiones) ] . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) La Manta Esperancera (http://casa-balcones.com/2011/05/06/la-manta-esperancera/) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Manta esperancera. Isla de Tenerife Vívela (http://www.isladetenerifevivela.com/2014/10/manta-esperancera.html#.Vz6w0eSf7bp) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6dff5cf5c8‐qm44p Cached time: 20240701093027 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.186 seconds Real time usage: 0.335 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 810/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11953/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1941/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4993/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.100/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1823243/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 301.174 1 -total 48.00% 144.578 1 Template:Short_description 29.10% 87.647 6 Template:Main_other 27.99% 84.311 1 Template:SDcat 25.46% 76.671 1 Template:Orphan 23.50% 70.761 1 Template:Draft_other 22.75% 68.518 1 Template:Ambox 14.91% 44.910 2 Template:Pagetype 14.36% 43.251 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 13.60% 40.968 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50590086-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701093027 and revision id 1226316059. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manta_esperancera&oldid=1226316059 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manta_esperancera&oldid=1226316059) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : History of the Canary Islands (/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Canary_Islands) Culture of the Canary Islands (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Canary_Islands) Spanish clothing (/wiki/Category:Spanish_clothing) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from May 2016 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_May_2016) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles)
THEN AND NOW Company type Privately owned company Industry Online fashion retail Founder Lian Michelson Headquarters London, United Kingdom Area served World Wide Products Designer Clothing, Designer Handbags, Designer Shoes, Designer Accessories Website https://www.thenandnowshop.com/ (https://www.thenandnowshop.com/) Then and Now (also Then and Now Shop ) is a London-based Internet retailer that sells past season designer clothes and accessories at substantial discounts, as well as current-season items from designer names. History [ edit ] Then and Now was established in Farringdon (/wiki/Farringdon,_London) in December 2011 by Lian Michelson, a former Morgan Stanley (/wiki/Morgan_Stanley) trader. The original inspiration for the site came about when Michelson noticed an absence of discounted menswear online, although the site was established to offer both men's and women's clothing and accessories. [1] (#cite_note-Moneymaker-1) Range [ edit ] The luxury goods retailer gets its name from selling past seasons' clothes at discounts of up to 75 per cent, as well as current designer collections. [2] (#cite_note-Indy_50_best-2) These include established brands such as Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) and newer names such as Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) . [3] (#cite_note-Indy_Net_Gains-3) The range includes website exclusives, such as beauty goods from Essie (/wiki/Essie_Weingarten) and fashion from Eugene Lin. [4] (#cite_note-Planet_Notion-4) [5] (#cite_note-ELLE-5) The site works in partnership with other retailers to supply ranges for women, men, children and home. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Style_Nest-7) [8] (#cite_note-Sheer_Luxe-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Moneymaker_1-0) Staff. "THEN AND NOW: An Interview With Founder Lian Michelson" (http://www.moneymakermagazine.co.uk/then-and-now-an-interview-with-founder-lian-michelson) . Money Maker Magazine . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Indy_50_best_2-0) Akbareian, Emma (31 August 2012). "The 50 Best online clothes shops" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072547/https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty/the-50-best-online-clothes-shops-8092852.html?origin=internalSearch) . The Independent . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty/the-50-best-online-clothes-shops-8092852.html?origin=internalSearch) on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Indy_Net_Gains_3-0) Walker, Harriet (23 July 2012). "Net gains: How the web made us a nation of designer fashion bargain hunters" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/net-gains-how-the-web-made-us-a-nation-of-designer-fashion-bargain-hunters-7964847.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/net-gains-how-the-web-made-us-a-nation-of-designer-fashion-bargain-hunters-7964847.html) from the original on 2022-05-07 . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Planet_Notion_4-0) staff. "Top of the shops" (http://www.planetnotion.com/2012/10/25/top-of-the-shops-thenandnowshop-com/) . Planet Notion . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-ELLE_5-0) "Then and Now is right on time" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/shopping-blog/then-and-now-is-right-on-time) . ELLE . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) ELLE (/wiki/ELLE) UK, Then and Now is right on time (http://www.ELLEuk.com/fashion/shopping-blog/then-and-now-is-right-on-time) ^ (#cite_ref-Style_Nest_7-0) Carter, Astrid. "Then and Now" (http://www.stylenest.co.uk/fashion/label-watch/then-and-now/) . Style Nest . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sheer_Luxe_8-0) Staff. "Site of the Week" (http://www.sheerluxe.com/magazine/online-magazine/october-2012/news/then-and-now.aspx?s=1) . Sheer Luxe Magazine . Retrieved 31 March 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.thenandnowshop.com/) Contribution to Style Council feature in (http://issuu.com/drapersdigital/docs/drapers_211213_digilr) Drapers , December 2013, p23 (http://issuu.com/drapersdigital/docs/drapers_211213_digilr) Absolutely Chelsea magazine, Fashion Notes, August 2012 p13 (http://issuu.com/zestmedialondon/docs/chelsea_august) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) France portal (/wiki/Portal:France) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐kw6xf Cached time: 20240720234344 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.214 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 67/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2946/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.047/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 910772/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 195.794 1 -total 70.96% 138.934 1 Template:Portal 29.01% 56.794 1 Template:Container_category 26.00% 50.914 1 Template:Cmbox 1.98% 3.883 1 Template:Single_namespace 0.84% 1.648 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77238690-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720234344 and revision id 1234350212. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. P Models from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur) ‎ (15 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_models_by_region&oldid=1234350212 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_models_by_region&oldid=1234350212) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French models (/wiki/Category:French_models) French people by occupation and region (/wiki/Category:French_people_by_occupation_and_region) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
Knitted, round cap associated with Monmouth, Wales This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) may be too short to adequately summarize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) the key points . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview) of all important aspects of the article. ( November 2020 ) Monmouth cap An example of a Monmouth cap Type Hat Material Wool Place of origin Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth) , Wales (/wiki/Wales) The Monmouth cap (Welsh: Cap Trefynwy ) was an item of woollen (/wiki/Woollen) headgear fashionable between the 15th and 18th centuries, and associated with the town of Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth) in South East Wales. The knitted (/wiki/Knitted) round caps were used by both soldiers (/wiki/Soldier) and sailors (/wiki/Sailor) , and they were widely exported. History [ edit ] In the early 14th century, the area immediately north of Monmouth, known as Archenfield (/wiki/Archenfield) , became known for the high quality of its wool, produced from Ryeland (/wiki/Ryeland) sheep (/wiki/Sheep) . The wool was ideal for the production of high quality felt (/wiki/Felt) , and the location of Monmouth, on the River Wye (/wiki/River_Wye) some 18 miles (29 km) inland from the Severn estuary (/wiki/Severn_estuary) , allowed the produce of the area ready access to wider markets. The industry of cap manufacture by hand knitters in and around Monmouth was well established by the 15th century, when court records show Capper as a common surname in the town. [1] (#cite_note-Carlson-1) The cappers or knitters, generally men, were attached to the Weaver's Guild and may have been governed by a Council of Master Craftsmen. [2] (#cite_note-isca-2) The trade is thought to have flourished particularly in the Overmonnow (/wiki/Overmonnow) area, known at one time as "Cappers' town". [3] (#cite_note-3) However, antiquarian sources state that much of the trade moved from Monmouth to Bewdley (/wiki/Bewdley) in Worcestershire (/wiki/Worcestershire) at some point, following an outbreak of plague (/wiki/Plague_(disease)) at Monmouth. [4] (#cite_note-4) United Kingdom legislation Hats and Caps Act 1488 Act of Parliament Parliament of England (/wiki/Parliament_of_England) Long title (/wiki/Short_and_long_titles) Hattes & Cappes. Citation (/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation) 4 Hen. 7 (/wiki/4_Hen._7) . c. 9 Dates Royal assent (/wiki/Royal_assent) 27 February 1490 Other legislation Repealed by (/wiki/Repeal) Continuance of Laws, etc. Act 1623 (/w/index.php?title=Continuance_of_Laws,_etc._Act_1623&action=edit&redlink=1) Status: Repealed United Kingdom legislation Caps Act 1571 Act of Parliament Parliament of England (/wiki/Parliament_of_England) Long title (/wiki/Short_and_long_titles) An Act for the making of Caps. Citation (/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation) 13 Eliz. 1 (/wiki/13_Eliz._1) . c. 19 Dates Royal assent (/wiki/Royal_assent) 29 May 1571 Other legislation Repealed by (/wiki/Repeal) Continuance, etc. of Laws Act 1597 (/w/index.php?title=Continuance,_etc._of_Laws_Act_1597&action=edit&redlink=1) Status: Repealed Worn by upper and lower classes in England, [5] (#cite_note-Flavin-5) the headgear reached the height of its popularity in the 15th and 16th centuries. Monmouth caps were essential equipment for soldiers, sailors and labourers of the period, so familiar and widely used that they were taken for granted. According to one 19th century encyclopedia, they were at one time "worn by a large portion of the population of England and Wales." [6] (#cite_note-penny-6) The Cappers Act 1488 ( 4 Hen. 7 (/wiki/4_Hen._7) . c. 9) forbade, on penalty of a fine, the wearing of foreign-made caps in England and Wales (/wiki/Kingdom_of_England) . The Caps Act 1571 ( 13 Eliz. 1 (/wiki/13_Eliz._1) . c. 19), during the reign of Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I) , stated that every person above the age of six years (excepting "Maids, ladies, gentlewomen, noble personages, and every Lord, knight and gentleman of twenty marks land" ) residing in any of the cities, towns, villages or hamlets of England, must wear, on Sundays and holidays (except when travelling), "a cap of wool, thicked and dressed in England, made within this realm, and only dressed and finished by some of the trade of cappers, upon pain to forfeit for every day of not wearing 3s. 4d." This legislation was intended to protect domestic production, as caps were becoming unfashionable and were being challenged by new forms of imported headgear. It was repealed in 1597 as unworkable. [1] (#cite_note-Carlson-1) [7] (#cite_note-7) The earliest surviving reference to a "Monmouth Cappe" dates from 1576, in a letter from Lord Gilbert Talbot (/wiki/Gilbert_Talbot,_7th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury) of Goodrich Castle (/wiki/Goodrich_Castle) to his father, the Earl of Shrewsbury (/wiki/George_Talbot,_6th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury) , accompanying a new year's gift of a cap. By that time, the caps were popular enough to have their own name, and considered to be suitable gifts between noblemen. [1] (#cite_note-Carlson-1) [8] (#cite_note-gtj-8) King Henry V (/wiki/Henry_V_of_England) was born in Monmouth, [9] (#cite_note-dyk-9) and there is a reference to such a cap in Shakespeare (/wiki/Shakespeare) 's play, Henry V (/wiki/Henry_V_(play)) , written around 1599: Fluellen (/wiki/Fluellen) : "Your majesty says very true: if your majestie is remembered of it, the Welshmen did good service in a garden where leeks (/wiki/Leek) did grow, wearing leeks in their Monmouth caps; which, your majesty knows, to this hour is an honourable badge of the service; and I do believe your majesty takes no scorn to wear the leek upon Saint Davy's day (/wiki/Saint_David%27s_Day) . In the 1620s, the sponsors of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony) ordered Monmouth caps - described as "thick, warm, fulled by hand- and foot- beating and much favored by seamen" - as part of the outfitting of the settlers. [1] (#cite_note-Carlson-1) Daniel Defoe (/wiki/Daniel_Defoe) , in his 1712 Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain (/wiki/A_tour_thro%27_the_whole_island_of_Great_Britain) , described Monmouth caps as being worn predominantly by Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) seamen. Peter the Great (/wiki/Peter_the_Great) of Russia (/wiki/Russia) wore one when working for the East India Company (/wiki/East_India_Company) in 1697; it is preserved in the Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) in Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) . [2] (#cite_note-isca-2) As the caps were increasingly made outside Monmouthshire, the term "Monmouth cap" came to mean the style of cap, rather than any location of manufacture. Areas, such as Coventry (/wiki/Coventry) , produced other varieties of cap, and similar caps were known simply as knitted caps, Kilmarnock (/wiki/Kilmarnock) cauls, Scotch bonnets (/wiki/Tam_o%27_Shanter_(cap)) , or watch caps. [10] (#cite_note-marariley-10) Design and production [ edit ] The only known surviving example of a 16th-century Monmouth cap, in Monmouth Museum (/wiki/Monmouth_Museum) The earliest surviving example is held by Monmouth Museum (/wiki/Monmouth_Museum) and was knitted from coarse two ply wool. The cap was made by casting on at the lower edge and knitting in the round towards the top. The crown consists of a classic rounded top, with the last remaining stitches cast off. The yarn tail was wrapped around just below the cast off stitches to gather them, leaving the little lump commonly, but inexactly, referred to as a button. The doubled brim was formed by picking up stitches inside the body of the cap, and worked down to the original cast on. The cast on loops were picked up, and a three needle bindoff worked to finish and join the inner brim to the outer cap, ending with a little loop. Each hat was made weatherproof by felting (/wiki/Felting) , a process which reduced its size. [10] (#cite_note-marariley-10) The distance from the centre to the hem in this example varies between 5 inches (130 mm) and 6 inches (150 mm). [11] (#cite_note-11) Thousands of Monmouth caps were made, but their relatively low cost, and the ease with which the knitting could unravel, means that few remain. Reproduction [ edit ] Similar caps are now produced for historical reenactment (/wiki/Historical_reenactment) organisations. [2] (#cite_note-isca-2) [10] (#cite_note-marariley-10) Patterns that attempt a stitch for stitch reproduction sometimes result in a cap that is slightly too narrow, after felting, due to the different felting characteristics of modern knitting yarn. [12] (#cite_note-12) Legacy [ edit ] The small area known as "Monmouth Cap" The Monmouth Cap Inn was a coaching inn (/wiki/Coaching_inn) located on the main road (/wiki/A465_road) between Abergavenny (/wiki/Abergavenny) and Hereford (/wiki/Hereford) , just north of Llangua (/wiki/Llangua) on the River Monnow (/wiki/River_Monnow) , Wales. The river marked the boundary between Herefordshire (/wiki/Herefordshire) and Monmouthshire (/wiki/Monmouthshire_(historic)) . The inn was the property of the Kentchurch (/wiki/Kentchurch#Kentchurch_Court) estate, and adjoined a ruined priory (/wiki/Priory) . [2] (#cite_note-isca-2) Although the inn has closed, the name Monmouth Cap (/wiki/Monmouth_Cap) remains in use for the locality. [13] (#cite_note-13) See also [ edit ] Blue bonnet (hat) (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Tuque (/wiki/Tuque) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Carlson, Jennifer L. "A Short History of the Monmouth Cap" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210126123125/http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/jennifer/Monmouth.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/jennifer/Monmouth.htm) on 26 January 2021. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Isca Morrismen Tradition: Monmouth Caps (https://web.archive.org/web/20020724071754/http://www.isca-morrismen.com/monmouth.htm) . Accessed 9 January 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kelly's Directory 1901: Monmouth (https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~familyalbum/kmon1.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161029183052/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~familyalbum/kmon1.htm#) 2016-10-29 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Accessed 29 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-4) John Marius Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870-72) (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp?text_id=989980&word=NULL) , Vision of Britain (/wiki/A_Vision_of_Britain_through_Time) . Accessed 29 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-Flavin_5-0) Flavin, Susan (2014). Consumption and Culture in Sixteenth-century Ireland: Saffron, Stockings and Silk . Boydell Press. pp. 80–81. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-8438-3950-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-penny_6-0) the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1839). Penny Cyclopaedia . London: Charles Knight and Co. pp. 334 (https://archive.org/details/pennycyclopaedi01unkngoog/page/n344) . Retrieved 20 March 2012 . John of Monmouth. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Victoria and Albert Museum: description of cap (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O124661/cap/?print=1) . Accessed 29 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-gtj_8-0) Gathering the Jewels: Monmouth cap, 16th century (http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/small/item/GTJ01788/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120503100815/http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/small/item/GTJ01788/) 2012-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Accessed 29 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-dyk_9-0) Allmand, Christopher (/wiki/Christopher_Allmand) (September 2010). "Henry V (1386–1422)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) (online ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/12952 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12952) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.) ^ Jump up to: a b c Mara Riley. Knitted caps . Accessed 28 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Knit Monmouth Cap (http://genvieve.net/sca/monmouthcap.html) at Genvieve.net, accessed 28 February 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Monmouth Cap, the details matter! Pattern by Colleen Humphreys" (https://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/monmouth-cap-the-details-matter) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ordnance Survey: Explorer map sheet OL13 Brecon Beacons National Park (Eastern area) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-319-24054-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-319-24054-0) External links [ edit ] Image of a Monmouth cap at Monmouth Museum (https://web.archive.org/web/20101102140317/http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/large/item/GTJ01788/) Gallery of 15th-18th century caps, including a Monmouth cap (http://www.historicalcaps.net/page2.htm) v t e Monmouth Museums (/wiki/Monmouth_Museum) Artists Donald Henry Floyd (/wiki/Donald_Henry_Floyd) Mary Ellen Bagnall Oakeley (/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Bagnall_Oakeley) Thomas Tudor (/wiki/Thomas_Tudor) Famous People Lady Hamilton (/wiki/Lady_Hamilton) Lady Llangattock (/wiki/Lady_Llangattock) Horatio Nelson (/wiki/Horatio_Nelson) Charles Rolls (/wiki/Charles_Rolls) Misc Monmouth cap Naval Temple (/wiki/The_Kymin) H.M.S. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monmouth_cap&oldid=1235504080 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monmouth_cap&oldid=1235504080) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Caps (/wiki/Category:Caps) History of Monmouthshire (/wiki/Category:History_of_Monmouthshire) Monmouth, Wales (/wiki/Category:Monmouth,_Wales) Winter clothes (/wiki/Category:Winter_clothes) Maritime culture (/wiki/Category:Maritime_culture) 15th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) English Civil War (/wiki/Category:English_Civil_War) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Wikipedia introduction cleanup from November 2020 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_introduction_cleanup_from_November_2020) All pages needing cleanup (/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup) Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from November 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_November_2020) All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify (/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
American costume designer This biographical article is written like a résumé (/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRESUME) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trayce_Field&action=edit) by revising it to be neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV) and encyclopedic (/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSBIO) . ( April 2023 ) Trayce Gigi Field Born U.S. Alma mater Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) Occupation(s) Costume designer, stylist Years active 1999–present Trayce Gigi Field is an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) and stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) , based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Field graduated from the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) . She is a member of the Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . [2] (#cite_note-2) She also hosted the podcast Hustle & Know , produced by Warner Bros (/wiki/Warner_Bros.) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Field is best known for her work in the television series Dead to Me (/wiki/Dead_to_Me_(TV_series)) , [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) A League of Their Own (/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own_(2022_TV_series)) , [6] (#cite_note-6) 2 Broke Girls (/wiki/2_Broke_Girls) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Poker Face (/wiki/Poker_Face_(TV_series)) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) and the films Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar (/wiki/Barb_and_Star_Go_to_Vista_Del_Mar) , [11] (#cite_note-11) and Precious (/wiki/Precious_(film)) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] 2022 – Poker Face (/wiki/Poker_Face_(TV_series)) 2022 – A League of Their Own (/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own_(2022_TV_series)) 2022 – The Afterparty (/wiki/The_Afterparty_(TV_series)) 2019-2022 – Dead to Me (/wiki/Dead_to_Me_(TV_series)) 2021 – Kids Say the Darndest Things (/wiki/Kids_Say_the_Darndest_Things) 2020 – Sarah Cooper: Everything's Fine (/wiki/Sarah_Cooper:_Everything%27s_Fine) 2020 – AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) 2019 – Now Apocalypse (/wiki/Now_Apocalypse) 2018 – 25 2018 – Juicy Stories 2018 – The Royal Wedding Live with Cord and Tish! 2018 – Corporate (/wiki/Corporate_(TV_series)) 2018 – The 2018 Rose Parade Hosted by Cord & Tish 2017 – Real Life 2017 – Love You More 2011-2017 – 2 Broke Girls (/wiki/2_Broke_Girls) 2015 – The Spoils Before Dying (/wiki/The_Spoils_Before_Dying) 2015 – One Big Happy (/wiki/One_Big_Happy_(TV_series)) 2014 – The Comeback (/wiki/The_Comeback_(TV_series)) 2014 – The Spoils of Babylon (/wiki/The_Spoils_of_Babylon) 2010-2011 – Funny or Die Presents (/wiki/Funny_or_Die_Presents) 2009 – Evan and Gareth Are Trying to Get Laid Film [ edit ] 2021 – Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar (/wiki/Barb_and_Star_Go_to_Vista_Del_Mar) 2019 – What's My Name: Muhammad Ali (/wiki/What%27s_My_Name:_Muhammad_Ali) 2013 – The To Do List (/wiki/The_To_Do_List) 2012 – Casa de mi padre (/wiki/Casa_de_mi_padre) 2011 – 10 Years (/wiki/10_Years_(2011_film)) 2011 – Take Me Home (/wiki/Take_Me_Home_(2011_film)) 2011 – Fly Away (/wiki/Fly_Away_(film)) 2011 – Little Birds (/wiki/Little_Birds_(film)) 2010 – Kaboom (/wiki/Kaboom_(film)) 2008 – Adventures of Power (/wiki/Adventures_of_Power) 2006 – Hide & Seek 2004 – Within the Wall Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Result Award Category Work Ref. 2022 Nominated NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/54th_NAACP_Image_Awards) Outstanding Costume Design A League of Their Own (/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own_(2022_TV_series)) [13] (#cite_note-13) 2020 Nominated Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) Excellence in Contemporary Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar (/wiki/Barb_and_Star_Go_to_Vista_Del_Mar) [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Behind the Scenes With 2 Broke Girls' Costume Designer, Trayce Field" (https://www.glamour.com/story/shop-like-max-and-caroline-fro) . Glamour Magazine . December 12, 2011 . Retrieved October 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hustle & Know Trayce Gigi Field" (https://www.costumedesignersguild.com/press_news/hustle_and_know/) . Costume Designers Guild . Retrieved October 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "DC FanDome Reveals Massive Full Schedule of Programming" (https://decider.com/2020/08/14/dc-fandome-full-schedule-panels-events/) . Decider.com . August 14, 2020 . Retrieved October 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Dead to Me: How Jen and Judy's Wardrobes Mirror Their Polar-Opposite Personalities" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/dead-to-me-season-2-style-47486309) . PopSugar . May 20, 2020 . Retrieved October 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Trayce Gigi Field Will Dress You For a Funeral or The End of the World" (https://www.awardsdaily.com/2019/06/14/trayce-gigi-field-interview/) . Awards Daily . June 14, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "THE COSTUMES IN 'A LEAGUE OF THEIR OWN' COVER ALL THE BASES" (https://fashionista.com/2022/08/amazon-a-league-of-their-own-2022-costumes) . Fashionista . August 12, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Behind the Scenes With 2 Broke Girls' Costume Designer, Trayce Field" (https://www.glamour.com/story/shop-like-max-and-caroline-fro) . Glamour Magazine . December 12, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "For 'Poker Face,' Natasha Lyonne Embraced a Stevie Nicks-Inspired Wardrobe" (https://www.vogue.com/article/for-poker-face-natasha-lyonne-costume-designer-trayce-gigi-field) . Vogue . April 3, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "In 'Poker Face', Natasha Lyonne Is TV's Best-Dressed Drifter" (https://www.gq.com/story/poker-face-natasha-lyonne-best-dressed-on-tv) . GQ . March 10, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Why 'Poker Face' Is the Most Stylish Show on Television Right Now" (https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/poker-face-show-cast-interview-costume-designer-season-finale-2023) . W Magazine . March 8, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wasilak, Sarah (February 8, 2021). "Barb & Star: Beyond the Culottes and Into the Depths of Their Hilarious Vacation Style" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/barb-star-go-to-vista-del-mar-fashion-48154534) . POPSUGAR . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "How 'A League of Their Own' Costume Designer Created Wartime-Era Outfits for on and off Baseball Field" (https://variety.com/2022/artisans/news/league-of-their-own-costume-trayce-field-1235339332/) . Variety.com . August 12, 2022 . Retrieved October 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) " (https://www.ebony.com/black-panther-wakanda-forever-leads-naacp-image-award-nominations/) 'BLACK PANTHER: WAKANDA FOREVER' LEADS NAACP IMAGE AWARD NOMINATIONS" (https://www.ebony.com/black-panther-wakanda-forever-leads-naacp-image-award-nominations/) . Ebony Magazine . January 14, 2023 . Retrieved January 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Tangcay, Jazz (March 4, 2021). " (https://variety.com/2021/artisans/news/2021-costume-designer-guild-nominations-1234921436/) 'One Night in Miami,' 'Mulan' and 'Mank' Among Costume Designers Guild Nominations" (https://variety.com/2021/artisans/news/2021-costume-designer-guild-nominations-1234921436/) . Variety . External links [ edit ] Trayce Gigi Field (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1570912/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Emmy Awards (https://www.emmys.com/bios/trayce-gigi-field) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐w9ljt Cached time: 20240713085550 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.442 seconds Real time usage: 0.745 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2379/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30708/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1197/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 59544/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.280/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7030152/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 538.921 1 -total 27.98% 150.766 1 Template:Reflist 24.55% 132.325 14 Template:Cite_web 21.61% 116.454 1 Template:Infobox_person 15.43% 83.151 1 Template:Authority_control 14.51% 78.195 1 Template:Short_description 10.40% 56.025 1 Template:Like_resume 9.22% 49.712 1 Template:Ambox 8.67% 46.715 2 Template:Pagetype 6.33% 34.129 18 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73641666-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713085550 and revision id 1217655938. 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A Nisha Agarwal (/wiki/Nisha_Agarwal) Kajal Aggarwal (/wiki/Kajal_Aggarwal) Sheeba Akashdeep Sabir (/wiki/Sheeba_Akashdeep_Sabir) Zeenat Aman (/wiki/Zeenat_Aman) Tina Ambani (/wiki/Tina_Ambani) Nikita Aria (/wiki/Nikita_Aria) Amrita Arora (/wiki/Amrita_Arora) B Viveka Babajee (/wiki/Viveka_Babajee) Vidya Balan (/wiki/Vidya_Balan) Riya Bamniyal (/wiki/Riya_Bamniyal) Simrithi Bathija (/wiki/Simrithi_Bathija) Pooja Bedi (/wiki/Pooja_Bedi) Sonali Bendre (/wiki/Sonali_Bendre) Suzanne Bernert (/wiki/Suzanne_Bernert) Anuya Y Bhagwat (/wiki/Anuya_Y_Bhagwat) Shweta Bhardwaj (/wiki/Shweta_Bhardwaj) Manju Bharti (/wiki/Manju_Bharti) Tamannaah Bhatia (/wiki/Tamannaah_Bhatia) Hrishitaa Bhatt (/wiki/Hrishitaa_Bhatt) Sangeeta Bijlani (/wiki/Sangeeta_Bijlani) Reshma Bombaywala (/wiki/Reshma_Bombaywala) C Aarti Chabria (/wiki/Aarti_Chabria) Sahila Chadha (/wiki/Sahila_Chadha) Nehal Chudasama (/wiki/Nehal_Chudasama) D Ileana D'Cruz (/wiki/Ileana_D%27Cruz) Genelia D'Souza (/wiki/Genelia_D%27Souza) 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For other uses, see Fig leaf (disambiguation) (/wiki/Fig_leaf_(disambiguation)) . British online clothing retailer Figleaves Industry Clothing Founded 1998 Founder Daniel Nabarro Michael Ross Headquarters Stevenage (/wiki/Stevenage) (HQ) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Area served United Kingdom and Worldwide Products Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , sleepwear (/wiki/Sleepwear) , swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) Number of employees 200+ Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) N Brown Group (/wiki/N_Brown_Group) Website figleaves (http://figleaves.com) .com (http://figleaves.com) Figleaves.com is a UK-based online lingerie retailer established by Daniel Nabarro and former McKinsey & Co manager Michael Ross in 1998 and purchased by N Brown Group (/wiki/N_Brown_Group) in 2010. [1] (#cite_note-Duncan2010-1) Company history [ edit ] Figleaves was founded in 1998 by entrepreneur Daniel Nabarro and former McKinsey & Co (/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company) manager Michael Ross. At launch, it was the first internet retailer to specialise in lingerie, and one of the first to target a female-only market. In 2002 the company started selling in the US (/wiki/United_States) . In 2005 the private equity (/wiki/Private_equity) group Balderton Capital (/wiki/Balderton_Capital) bought an almost 40% stake, and in 2010 the company was purchased by N Brown Group (/wiki/N_Brown_Group) in 2010 for £11.5 million. [2] (#cite_note-Mills1-2) [3] (#cite_note-Lahage1-3) The company did not turn a profit in the UK until 2012, 14 years after it launched and two years after it was acquired by N Brown Group. [4] (#cite_note-4) In Feb 2021 Figleaves.com announced the website would close and be absorbed into SimplyBe.co.uk. Management [ edit ] Julia Reynolds, a former Tesco executive who had previously started Tesco's clothing brand F&F, [2] (#cite_note-Mills1-2) was the chief executive from 2008 until 2011 when she left to join Blacks (/wiki/Blacks_Outdoor_Retail) . Initially, she was not replaced, but her responsibilities were divided between the commercial director, operations director, and product and brand director. [5] (#cite_note-5) Since 2016 the company CEO has been Miriam Lahage, who had previously built and led a number of multi-channel businesses in the US (/wiki/United_States) and Europe (/wiki/Europe) . [3] (#cite_note-Lahage1-3) [6] (#cite_note-6) Operations [ edit ] Lingerie makes up 50% of sales, swimwear 40% and nightwear 10%. Figleaves also sells its own-brand clothing through JD Williams, part of the N Brown Group, as well as on Amazon and eBay. Figleaves' head office is in Stevenage (/wiki/Stevenage) , Hertfordshire (/wiki/Hertfordshire) . They also have a warehouse and customer service centre in Haverhill, Suffolk (/wiki/Haverhill,_Suffolk) . [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Duncan2010_1-0) Duncan, Hugo (15 June 2010). "Figleaves founder in the money after £11.5m sale" (https://www.standard.co.uk/business/figleaves-founder-in-the-money-after-115m-sale-6480689.html) . Evening Standard . Retrieved 25 November 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mills, Lauren (24 February 2008). How to pull a company up by its bra straps (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/how-to-pull-a-company-up-by-its-bra-straps-786330.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . ^ Jump up to: a b McGregor, Kirsty (16 February 2018). How digital pioneer Figleaves is reconnecting with customers (https://www.drapersonline.com/people/the-drapers-interview/how-digital-pioneer-figleaves-is-reconnecting-with-customers/7028916.article) . Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) McGregor, Kirsty (16 February 2018). "How digital pioneer Figleaves is reconnecting with customers" (https://www.drapersonline.com/people/the-drapers-interview/how-digital-pioneer-figleaves-is-reconnecting-with-customers/7028916.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 24 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Shields, Amy (17 June 2011). N Brown reshuffles Figleaves management to lead business (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/ecommerce/n-brown-reshuffles-figleaves-management-to-lead-business/5026317.article) . Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Retail Week Live: Miriam Lahage (https://live.retail-week.com/speakers/miriam-lahage) . Retail Week (/wiki/Retail_Week) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Case Studies: Figleaves (http://www.haverhillenterprise.co.uk/pages/186.htm) . Focus on Haverhill. External links [ edit ] FigLeaves.com (http://www.FigLeaves.com/) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) Related Corset controversy (/wiki/Corset_controversy) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Lingerie party (/wiki/Lingerie_party) UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) v t e Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Lower leg Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Bootee (/wiki/Bootee) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Socks (/wiki/Sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) Crew sock (/wiki/Crew_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Low cut (/wiki/Low_cut_sock) Full leg Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Fully fashioned stockings (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_stockings) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) RHT stockings (/wiki/RHT_stockings) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Full body Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Historical Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Brands Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Edoo (/wiki/Hanesbrands) Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) Gerbe (/wiki/Gerbe_(lingerie)) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) HUE (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Coopers (/wiki/Jockey_International) L'eggs (/wiki/L%27eggs) Levante (/wiki/Levante_(hosiery)) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) No Nonsense (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Pretty Polly (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wigwam (/wiki/Wigwam_Mills) Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) This article about a retailer in the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Figleaves&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐pll5b Cached time: 20240713083848 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.397 seconds Real time usage: 0.531 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1719/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42933/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1486/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33406/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16841494/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 474.506 1 -total 38.39% 182.154 3 Template:Navbox 21.72% 103.085 1 Template:Hosiery 20.58% 97.667 1 Template:Transl 19.37% 91.908 1 Template:Reflist 17.19% 81.545 1 Template:Lingerie 16.18% 76.796 1 Template:Infobox_company 15.41% 73.145 1 Template:Cite_news 14.31% 67.920 1 Template:Infobox 11.21% 53.193 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37736267-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713083848 and revision id 1218965486. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Figleaves&oldid=1218965486 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Figleaves&oldid=1218965486) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing retailers of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom) Online retailers of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Online_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom) Companies based in Welwyn Hatfield (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Welwyn_Hatfield) British companies established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:British_companies_established_in_1998) Clothing companies established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1998) Retail companies established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1998) Internet properties established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_1998) 1998 establishments in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:1998_establishments_in_the_United_Kingdom) Lingerie retailers (/wiki/Category:Lingerie_retailers) United Kingdom retail company stubs (/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom_retail_company_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Facial hair style This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pencil_moustache) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Pencil moustache" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pencil+moustache%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pencil+moustache%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A pencil moustache is a thin moustache (/wiki/Moustache) found adjacent to, or a little above the lip. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The style is neatly clipped, so that the moustache takes the form of a thin line, as if it had been drawn using a pencil (/wiki/Pencil) . A large gap is left between the nose and the moustache. The line of facial hair either breaks across the philtrum (/wiki/Philtrum) , or continues unbroken. In some versions, the line of hair extends vertically along the outside of the philtrum before stopping just below the nose, leaving the philtrum unbridged. Notable persons who have worn pencil moustaches [ edit ] Don Ameche (/wiki/Don_Ameche) André Carson (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson) Ronald Colman (/wiki/Ronald_Colman) August Darnell (/wiki/August_Darnell) Errol Flynn (/wiki/Errol_Flynn) Sir Bruce Forsyth (/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth) Clark Gable (/wiki/Clark_Gable) Little Richard (/wiki/Little_Richard) David Niven (/wiki/David_Niven) George Orwell (/wiki/George_Orwell) John G. Schmitz (/wiki/John_G._Schmitz) Ted Turner (/wiki/Ted_Turner) John Waters (/wiki/John_Waters) Yashwant Rao Holkar II (/wiki/Yashwant_Rao_Holkar_II) Yasujiro Ozu (/wiki/Yasujiro_Ozu) Thomas E. Dewey (/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey) Ron Mael (/wiki/Ron_Mael) Popular culture [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pencil_moustache) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Pencil moustache" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pencil+moustache%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pencil+moustache%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pencil+moustache%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The actors Bud Abbott (/wiki/Bud_Abbott) , Errol Flynn (/wiki/Errol_Flynn) , David Niven (/wiki/David_Niven) , Clark Gable (/wiki/Clark_Gable) , Don Ameche (/wiki/Don_Ameche) , J. K. Simmons (/wiki/J._K._Simmons) and Leslie Phillips (/wiki/Leslie_Phillips) all had pencil moustaches. Musicians such as Little Richard (/wiki/Little_Richard) , Sammy Davis Jr. (/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr.) , Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) , George Benson (/wiki/George_Benson) , Dave Wyndorf (/wiki/Dave_Wyndorf) , Chris Cornell (/wiki/Chris_Cornell) and Ron Mael (/wiki/Ron_Mael) have been associated with the look. Jimmy Buffett (/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett) 's 1974 song " Pencil Thin Mustache (/wiki/Pencil_Thin_Mustache) " is a nostalgic celebration of his childhood when such mustaches were more common. See also [ edit ] List of moustache styles (/wiki/Moustache#Styles) List of facial hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "pencil moustache" (http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0616270#m_en_gb0616270) . Oxford Dictionaries . Oxford University Press. April 2010 . Retrieved 2011-02-23 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "pencil moustache in gallery" (http://oliveris.wordpress.com/growing-a-moustache/) . 12 December 2012 . Retrieved 2012-12-21 . 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Chinese clothing lapel accessory Yajin Empress Dowager Ci'an (/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Ci%27an) wearing 2 variants of shibazi -style yanji (the right painting basically having double the beads compared to the left painting) Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 壓襟 Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 压襟 Literal meaning Press lapel Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Yājīn Second alternative Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 事件儿 Transcriptions Yajin ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 压襟 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 壓襟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Yājīn ), also known as shijian er ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 事件儿 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Shìjiàn er ), is a type of Chinese accessory which is placed at the lapels of Chinese clothing (robes and jackets (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) ); they would typically hanged down on the right side (sometimes at the front depending on the clothing closure) of the chest area in order to press on the clothing. The yajin appeared as early as the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) and became popular in the Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and Qing (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) dynasties. There are various styles of yajin, including a dangling pendant-style (which is similar to jinbu (/wiki/Yupei) or tassels (/wiki/Tassel) in style) and a bracelet-style, known as shibazi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 十八子 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Shíbāzi ; lit. 'Eighteen sons'). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Yajin can also be used as accessories on the cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) , where it is tied on the pankou knots (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) . Construction and design [ edit ] Pendant-style yajin [ edit ] The pendant-style yajin may consist of string of beads, metal chains, and pendants (including precious stones, yupei (/wiki/Yupei) -like materials, or metal filigree (/wiki/Filigree) ) which comes in various shapes such as flowers, animals, and auspicious motifs/ themes/ Chinese characters. It may also include tassels (/wiki/Tassel) . In the late Qing, people sometimes used old silver coins to make their yajin. In Qing dynasty, Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women also wore pendant-like charms made of diverse materials (such as jade, amber, gold) at the top button on the side of their ao jackets (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) They also wore other forms of pendants, such as pendants made of metal filigree in the shape of potpourri (/wiki/Potpourri) container which would be filled with fragrant herbs and long silver pendants with small silver charms which were filled with bells which would frightened evil spirits away when they tickled as they wore. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) They would also hang purses (/wiki/Hebao) on the top button of their jacket. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Imperial Noble Consort Quehui (/wiki/Imperial_Noble_Consort_Quehui) in formal robes Empress Xiaoquancheng (/wiki/Empress_Xiaoquancheng) Shibazi-style yajin [ edit ] A shibazi is a type of 18-beads bracelet (/wiki/Bracelet) which originated from the japamala (/wiki/Japamala) and could also be used as a form of yajin. [3] (#cite_note-3) Shibazi sometimes have hanging buckles; they would be hung on the right lapels of the clothing or could be worn around the wrist like a regular bracelet. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) There were no strict regulations on its wearing etiquette. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Fragrant Concubine (/wiki/Fragrant_Concubine) (after Giuseppe Castiglione (/wiki/Giuseppe_Castiglione_(Jesuit_painter)) ) Guangxu Emperor (/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor) in informal robes First Class Female Attendant Xin (/wiki/Consorts_of_the_Xianfeng_Emperor#First_Class_Female_Attendant_Xin) Empress Dowager Cixi (/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi) by Hubert Vos (/wiki/Hubert_Vos) Empress Dowager Cixi (/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi) by Katharine Carl (/wiki/Katharine_Carl) A Cantonese lady wearing shibazi -style yajin on her ao jacket (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , 1861–1864 Depictions and media [ edit ] Yajin are sometimes depicted in Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) , especially Qing dynasty Court drama: Nothing Gold Can Stay (/wiki/Nothing_Gold_Can_Stay_(TV_series)) (2017) Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace (/wiki/Ruyi%27s_Royal_Love_in_the_Palace) (2018) Story of Yanxi Palace (/wiki/Story_of_Yanxi_Palace) (2018) Similar items [ edit ] Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei) - A Chinese waist accessory used to press clothing down; it is an ensemble of yupei (/wiki/Yupei) (jade pendants) Norigae (/wiki/Norigae) - a Korean clothing accessory See also [ edit ] Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Chaozhu (Court necklace) (/wiki/Chaozhu_(Court_necklace)) Longhua (collar) (/wiki/Longhua_(collar)) Hanfu accessories (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "These beads can't be bought with money" (https://inf.news/en/collect/5dcc0a29b92433de7e9dac8dc72c5c51.html) . iNews . 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c Garrett, Valery M. (2007). Chinese dress : from the Qing Dynasty to the Present . Tokyo: Tuttle Pub. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8048-3663-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 154701513 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154701513) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Why did Cixi's beloved Qing dynasty 18 jadeites sell at a high price of 1.725 million?" (https://inf.news/en/collect/0b4221bedc665e3381067a55c4493be0.html) . iNews . 2022. v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square 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(Redirected from Vivian Westwood (/w/index.php?title=Vivian_Westwood&redirect=no) ) British fashion designer (1941–2022) Dame Vivienne Westwood DBE (/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) RDI (/wiki/Royal_Designer_for_Industry) Westwood in 2008 Born Vivienne Isabel Swire ( 1941-04-08 ) 8 April 1941 Hollingworth (/wiki/Hollingworth) , Cheshire, England Died 29 December 2022 (2022-12-29) (aged 81) Clapham (/wiki/Clapham) , London, England Alma mater University of Westminster (/wiki/University_of_Westminster) Occupations Primary school teacher [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) fashion designer businesswoman activist Label Vivienne Westwood Spouses Derek Westwood ​ ​ ( m. 1962; div. 1965) ​ Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) ​ ​ ( m. 1967; div. 1980) ​ [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Andreas Kronthaler (/wiki/Andreas_Kronthaler_(fashion_designer)) ​ ( m. 1993) ​ [5] (#cite_note-5) Children 2, including Joseph Corré (/wiki/Joseph_Corr%C3%A9) Awards British Fashion Designer of the Year (/wiki/British_Fashion_Designer_of_the_Year) (1990, 1991, 2006) Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood DBE (/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) RDI (/wiki/Royal_Designer_for_Industry) ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Swire ; 8 April 1941 – 29 December 2022) was a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) and new wave (/wiki/New_wave_music) fashions into the mainstream. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2022, Sky Arts (/wiki/Sky_Arts) ranked her the 4th most influential artist in Britain of the last 50 years. [7] (#cite_note-7) Westwood came to public notice when she made clothes for the boutique that she and Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) ran on King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) , which became known as Sex (/wiki/Sex_(boutique)) . Their ability to synthesize clothing and music shaped the 1970s UK punk scene, which included McLaren's band, the Sex Pistols (/wiki/Sex_Pistols) . She viewed punk as a way of "seeing if one could put a spoke in the system". [8] (#cite_note-time020412-8) Westwood opened four shops in London and eventually expanded throughout Britain and the world, selling a varied range of merchandise, some of which promoted her political causes such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament) , climate change (/wiki/Climate_change) and civil rights (/wiki/Civil_rights) groups. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Life and career [ edit ] Early years [ edit ] Westwood was born in Hollingworth (/wiki/Hollingworth) , Cheshire, [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) on 8 April 1941. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-grande_dame-14) She was the daughter of Gordon Swire and Dora Swire (née Ball), who had married two years previously, two weeks after the outbreak of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) . [15] (#cite_note-detective-15) At the time of Vivienne's birth, her father was employed as a storekeeper in an aircraft factory; he had previously worked as a greengrocer. [15] (#cite_note-detective-15) In 1958, her family moved to Harrow (/wiki/Harrow,_London) , Greater London. Westwood took a jewelry and silversmith course at the University of Westminster (/wiki/University_of_Westminster) , then known as the Harrow Art School, [16] (#cite_note-16) but left after one term, saying: "I didn't know how a working-class girl like me could possibly make a living in the art world". [17] (#cite_note-17) After taking a job in a factory and studying at a teacher-training college, she became a primary-school teacher. During this period, she created her own jewelry, which she sold at a stall on Portobello Road (/wiki/Portobello_Road) . [14] (#cite_note-grande_dame-14) In 1962, she met Derek Westwood, an apprentice at the Hoover factory, in Harrow. [18] (#cite_note-disgracefully_yours-18) They married on 21 July 1962; Westwood made her own wedding dress. [18] (#cite_note-disgracefully_yours-18) In 1963, she gave birth to a son, Benjamin. [18] (#cite_note-disgracefully_yours-18) Malcolm McLaren [ edit ] Westwood's marriage to Derek ended after she met Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) . Westwood and McLaren moved to Thurleigh Court in Balham (/wiki/Balham) , where their son Joseph Corré (/wiki/Joseph_Corr%C3%A9) was born in 1967. [19] (#cite_note-i20020729-19) Westwood continued to teach until 1971 and also created clothes which McLaren designed. McLaren became manager of the punk band the Sex Pistols (/wiki/Sex_Pistols) , and subsequently the two garnered attention as the band wore Westwood's and McLaren's designs. [20] (#cite_note-20) Punk era [ edit ] Westwood was one of the architects of the punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) phenomenon of the 1970s, saying "I was messianic about punk, seeing if one could put a spoke in the system in some way". [18] (#cite_note-disgracefully_yours-18) Westwood's emergence as a designer who made garments that reflected the economic, social, and political contexts of 1970s Britain coincided with a disillusioned youth, who developed a unique style of dress and musical expression which was instantly identifiable through its aesthetic and sound. [21] (#cite_note-auto-21) Westwood's boutique, originally managed with McLaren, was a meeting place for early members of the London punk scene. The boutique regularly changed names and interior design through the 1970s to fit with collections and design inspirations. It remains in its original location at 430 Kings Road, Chelsea, London (under the name Worlds End since 1980, following a short period of closure in the 1980s) to this day. McLaren and Westwood were keen entrepreneurs, and their designs sold in their boutique – named Let It Rock , Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die , Sex (/wiki/Sex_(boutique)) , and subsequently Seditionares – helped to define and market the punk look at the exact moment that it exploded in popularity on the streets of London. [22] (#cite_note-22) Westwood's designs during the Punk Era and thereafter were informed by historicism; the V&A describing Westwood as "a meticulous researcher". [23] (#cite_note-23) Westwood began challenging gender norms and promoting experimentation in her designs, which at the outset were created in collaboration with McLaren. Initially, Westwood created garments referencing the dress of the 1950s Teddy Boys, which were worn by McLaren. Upon opening Let It Rock in 1971, the first incarnation of Westwood and McLaren's boutique, early creations for the shop incorporated such influences reminiscent of the youth subculture fashions of the 1950s . [24] (#cite_note-24) Inspired by the rebellious nature of the 1950s youth, Let It Rock referenced the clothing, music, and décor of the immediate postwar era. In 1972, Let It Rock was refashioned into Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die , in homage to the death of James Dean. Though design references for garments retailed under Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die focussed on the rocker aesthetic of the 1960s, [21] (#cite_note-auto-21) the boutique still sold Teddy Boy inspired garments under the Let It Rock label. [25] (#cite_note-25) The new politically leaning design inspirations for Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die were conveyed through Westwood's sleeveless T-shirts, bearing various statements such as ‘PERV’ and ‘ROCK’, created using a combination of safety pins, chicken bones, and glitter glue. Two years later, in 1974, Westwood and McLaren's boutique was re-modelled, and reopened as Sex . Pieces sold in Sex were intentionally abrasive and challenging, with designs grounded in fetish and sado-masochism, seeking to provoke a comfortable middle class and inspire young punks into political action by challenging the status quo. [26] (#cite_note-Scottie_Andrew-26) Garments retailed at Sex included skirts and dresses made from rubber as well as t-shirts with pornographic material printed on them. [27] (#cite_note-vam.ac.uk-27) [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) The clothes often had large intentional rips in them and sizeable zippers incorporated into the garments. Sex became a meeting point at the centre of the punk scene, and transformed into Seditionaries in 1976. Clothing retailed at Seditionaries (Seditionaries: Clothes for Heroes) retained the familiar references of Sex, including historicism, the challenging of gender norms, and fetish. [29] (#cite_note-29) However, Seditionaries pieces were made from different cloths and fibres. The development of Westwood signatures - bondage trousers covered with straps to restrict, ‘unravelling’ loose-knit jumpers made of mohair, and long-sleeved tops fashioned from soft muslins, which featured graphic screen printed designs and fastenings to the sleeves to give the effect of a straight-jacket – during this period quickly became archetypal punk staples. [27] (#cite_note-vam.ac.uk-27) Westwood also inspired the style of punk icons, such as Viv Albertine (/wiki/Viv_Albertine) , who wrote in her memoir, "Vivienne and Malcolm use clothes to shock, irritate and provoke a reaction but also to inspire change. Mohair jumpers, knitted on big needles, so loosely that you can see all the way through them, T-shirts slashed and written on by hand, seams and labels on the outside, showing the construction of the piece; these attitudes are reflected in the music we make. It's OK to not be perfect, to show the workings of your life and your mind in your songs and your clothes." [30] (#cite_note-30) Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) hand screen-printed cotton dress and sash, Pirate collection, 1981. Museum of Art Rhode Island , Design, tl 2008-2. Westwood was disenchanted with the direction that adoptees had taken punk in, many of them uninterested in punk's political values, viewing the style of the movement as a marketing opportunity instead of a medium for radical change; with the dissolution of the Sex Pistols, Westwood's inspiration for her eponymous line shifted instead to the 18th century. [26] (#cite_note-Scottie_Andrew-26) She was particularly influenced by Pirates (/wiki/Pirates) and the Incroyables and merveilleuses (/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses) a radical movement amongst nobles who had survived the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) which referenced the guillotine (/wiki/Guillotine) to which many had lost family members. [31] (#cite_note-31) Fashion collections [ edit ] Westwood's designs were independent and represented a statement of her own values. She collaborated on occasion with Gary Ness, who assisted Westwood with inspirations and titles for her collections. [32] (#cite_note-32) McLaren and Westwood's first fashion collection to be shown to the media and potential international buyers was Pirate , combining 18th and 19th century dress, British history and textiles with African prints. [33] (#cite_note-33) This was the first time in which Westwood explored her inspiration of historic sources in current day couture, the Pirate runway had featured both rap and an array of ethnic music. [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) Subsequently, their partnership, which was underlined by the fact that both their names appeared on all labelling, produced collections in Paris and London with the thematic titles Savages (shown late 1981), Buffalo/Nostalgia Of Mud (shown spring 1982), Punkature (shown late 1982), Witches (shown early 1983) and Worlds End 1984 (later renamed Hypnos , shown late 1983). [34] (#cite_note-34) After the partnership with McLaren was dissolved, Westwood showed one more collection under the Worlds End label: Clint Eastwood (late 1984–early 1985). [35] (#cite_note-35) The 'Mini-Crini,' 1985–87 She dubbed the period 1981–85 "New Romantic" (during which time she created the famous look of the band Adam and the Ants (/wiki/Adam_and_the_Ants) ) [36] (#cite_note-piratelook-36) and 1988–91 as "The Pagan Years" during which "Vivienne's heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to Tatler girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class". From 1985 to 1987, Westwood took inspiration from the ballet Petrushka (/wiki/Petrushka_(ballet)) to design the mini-crini, an abbreviated version of the Victorian crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) . [37] (#cite_note-37) Its mini-length (/wiki/Miniskirt) , bouffant silhouette inspired the puffball skirts widely presented by more established designers such as Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) . [38] (#cite_note-38) The mini-crini was described in 1989 as a combination of two conflicting ideals - the crinoline, representing a "mythology of restriction and encumbrance in woman's dress", and the miniskirt, representing an "equally dubious mythology of liberation". [39] (#cite_note-39) Westwood continued her research in fashion history by studying garments found in museum collections, which are evident through her incorporations of neck ruffs, corsets, bustles, breeches, and paniers in her various collections. [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) Works from the artists Jean-Antione Watteau (/wiki/Antoine_Watteau) , Anthony van Dyck (/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck) , and François Boucher (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher) have been used as inspiration for several pieces of Westwood's garments including scarves, corsets, and leggings. For Autumn-Winter 1987/88, Westwood presented the ' Harris Tweed' collection which launched her long-standing relationship with the Scottish cloth, Harris tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) , and the Harris Tweed Authority (/wiki/Harris_Tweed_Authority) . The collection is often credited as being instrumental in reviving its use as a fashion fabric, thereby boosting the local industry. In the collection, she had also adopted the use of the Orb logo, an orb resembling the Sovereign's Orb (/wiki/Sovereign%27s_orb) with a satellite ring around it like the one around Saturn. This sparked heavy controversy as it was very similar to Orb Mark of the Harris Tweed Authority (at the time named The Harris Tweed Association ). Following her death, The Harris Tweed Authority released the following statement: [40] (#cite_note-40) In the late 1980’s Vivienne Westwood commenced use of a logo which, we consider, acknowledged her connections with and affection for our cherished cloth. Whilst that may not have been well received by everyone in the Harris Tweed® industry, subsequently both brands have very successfully collaborated to their mutual benefit. We hope and expect that collaboration will continue for many years to come. In 2007, Westwood was approached by the Chair of King's College London (/wiki/King%27s_College_London) , Patricia Rawlings (/wiki/Patricia_Rawlings,_Baroness_Rawlings) , to design an academic gown for the college after it had successfully petitioned the Privy Council (/wiki/Privy_Council) for the right to award degrees. [41] (#cite_note-kcl.ac.uk-41) In 2008, the Westwood-designed academic dresses for King's College were unveiled. On the gowns, Westwood commented: "Through my reworking of the traditional robe I tried to link the past, the present and the future. We are what we know." [41] (#cite_note-kcl.ac.uk-41) Academic dress of King's College London (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_King%27s_College_London) in different colours, designed and presented by Westwood in 2008 In July 2011, Westwood's collections were presented at The Brandery (/wiki/The_Brandery) fashion show in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Westwood worked closely with Richard Branson (/wiki/Richard_Branson) to design uniforms for the Virgin Atlantic (/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic) crew. The uniform for the female crew consisted of a red suit, which accentuated the women's curves and hips, and had strategically placed darts (/wiki/Dart_(sewing)) around the bust area. The men's uniform consisted of a grey and burgundy three-piece suit (/wiki/Three-piece_suit) with details on the lapels (/wiki/Lapel) and pockets. Westwood and Branson were both passionate about using sustainable materials throughout their designs to reduce the impact on the environment and so used recycled polyester (/wiki/Polyester) . [43] (#cite_note-43) Vivienne Westwood companies [ edit ] In March 2012, Vivienne Westwood Group reached agreement to end a long-standing UK franchise (/wiki/Franchising) relationship with Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) -based Hervia, which operated seven stores for the fashion chain. The deal brought to a conclusion a legal dispute, which included Hervia issuing High Court (/wiki/High_Court) proceedings for alleged breach of contract (/wiki/Breach_of_contract) , after Westwood sought to end the franchise deal before the agreed term. [44] (#cite_note-44) The subsequent transition of some of the Hervia stores to Westwood, along with cost-savings, was credited for a jump in Vivienne Westwood Ltd's pre-tax profits by nearly a factor of 10, to £5 million from £527,683 the previous year. [45] (#cite_note-45) The next year, the company announced: "Over the last year margins have been under pressure due to the nature of wider retail conditions." [46] (#cite_note-46) Vivienne Westwood store in Cardiff in 2014 Shortly after, Westwood announced she would cease further expansion of her business as a way of tackling environmental and sustainability issues. [47] (#cite_note-47) In March 2015, the company announced that it would open a three-story outpost in midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) in New York City. [48] (#cite_note-48) This was followed by a new 3,200-square-foot (300 m 2 ) shop in a building also housing the company's offices and showrooms in Rue Saint-Honoré (/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) in Paris, opening in early 2016. [49] (#cite_note-49) As of December 2015, Vivienne Westwood Ltd operated 12 retail stores in the UK, including an outlet store in Bicester Village (/wiki/Bicester_Village) . There were 63 Westwood shops worldwide including nine in China, nine in Hong Kong, 18 in South Korea, six in Taiwan, two in Thailand, and two in the United States. Tax fine and perception [ edit ] In August 2011, Westwood's company Vivienne Westwood Ltd agreed to pay £350,000 in tax plus interest of £144,112, due in 2009, to HM Revenue and Customs (/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs) (HMRC) for underestimating the value of her brand. Her UK business had sold the rights to her trademarks to Luxembourg (/wiki/Luxembourg) -based Latimo, which she controlled, for £840,000 in 2002. After examining the deal, HMRC argued that the brand had been undervalued. The £2 million valuation triggered additional taxes. [50] (#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-50) Accounts for Vivienne Westwood Ltd showed that since 2011, the company had continued to pay £2 million a year to offshore company (/wiki/Offshore_company) Latimo for the right to use Westwood's name on her own fashion label. [51] (#cite_note-51) Latimo, which Westwood controlled as the majority shareholder (/wiki/Shareholder) in her companies, was set up in 2002. [50] (#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-50) Such arrangements, while legal, were against the Green Party (/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales) policy to eliminate use of tax havens (/wiki/Tax_haven) such as Luxembourg. [52] (#cite_note-52) In March 2015, Westwood said, "It is important to me that my business affairs are in line with my personal values. I am subject to UK tax on all of my income". [53] (#cite_note-53) Later in 2015, she said that she had restructured her corporate tax arrangements to try to align them with the Green Party's policy. [54] (#cite_note-climaterevolution.co.uk-54) Criticism by Eluxe Magazine over sustainability of Westwood clothing [ edit ] In 2013, sustainable luxury fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) publication Eluxe Magazine accused Westwood of using the green movement (/wiki/Green_movement) as a marketing tool because some of Westwood's fashion and accessories lines are made in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) . These were found to include PVC (/wiki/PVC) , polyester (/wiki/Polyester) , rayon (/wiki/Rayon) and viscose (/wiki/Viscose) , all derived from harmful chemicals. [55] (#cite_note-55) Eluxe wrote that, despite Westwood's statements that consumers should 'buy less', her company produces nine collections a year compared to the average designer's two. Eluxe accused Westwood of using unpaid interns (/wiki/Intern) in her fashion house and making them work over 40 hours per week and wrote that some interns complained about their treatment by the fashion house. [56] (#cite_note-56) Notable clients and commissions [ edit ] In 1993, Westwood designed many of the colorful suits and outfits Duran Duran (/wiki/Duran_Duran) wore during their tour for The Wedding Album, as well as those that appeared in the three videos for that album: "Ordinary World", "Come Undone" and "Too Much Information". Dita Von Teese (/wiki/Dita_Von_Teese) wore a purple Westwood gown for her formal wedding ceremony when she married Marilyn Manson (/wiki/Marilyn_Manson) in 2005. [57] (#cite_note-57) Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) wore a Westwood red satin strapless dress at the London premiere of her film Public Enemies (/wiki/Public_Enemies_(2009_film)) in 2009. [58] (#cite_note-58) In 2013, she wore a Westwood Couture pink and ivory striped dress at the Chopard (/wiki/Chopard) lunch in Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) . [59] (#cite_note-59) In 2011, Princess Eugenie (/wiki/Princess_Eugenie) wore three Westwood designs for the pre-wedding dinner, the wedding ceremony and the after-wedding party at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton) . [60] (#cite_note-60) Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) wore a Westwood Buffalo hat that was originally in Westwood's 1982–83 collection to the 2014 56th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/56th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . The hat was so popular that it inspired its own Twitter account. Williams was first seen wearing a similar Westwood Buffalo hat in 2009. [61] (#cite_note-61) Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) wore custom Westwood on the red carpet of the 2021 Brit Awards (/wiki/Brit_Awards) . [62] (#cite_note-62) In Final Fantasy XV (/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV) , Lunafreya Nox Fleuret's wedding dress was designed by Westwood. [63] (#cite_note-63) Several of Westwood's signature designs were featured in the Japanese manga Nana (/wiki/Nana_(manga)) , including the Saturn necklace and Saturn lighter. Vivienne Westwood's name is also mentioned multiple times, making Vivienne Westwood synonymous with Nana. [64] (#cite_note-64) Sex and the City [ edit ] Westwood's designs were featured in the 2008 film adaptation (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_(film)) of the television series Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) . In the film, Carrie Bradshaw (/wiki/Carrie_Bradshaw) becomes engaged to long-term lover Mr. Big (/wiki/Mr._Big_(Sex_and_the_City)) . Being a writer at Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , she is invited by her editor to model wedding dresses, including a design made by Westwood. The dress is subsequently sent to Carrie as a gift, with a handwritten note from Westwood herself, and Carrie decides to use the Westwood gown. The wedding dress has also been described as one of the movie's most iconic features, leading Westwood to approach the producers about being involved in making a sequel. [65] (#cite_note-65) A version of the dress was subsequently made available for purchase on Net-a-porter (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) , and sold out in a matter of hours. It was available as a knee-length version. [66] (#cite_note-66) Political involvement [ edit ] In April 1989, Westwood appeared on the cover of Tatler (/wiki/Tatler_(1901)) dressed as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher) . The suit that Westwood wore had been ordered for Thatcher but not yet delivered. [67] (#cite_note-Thatcher_Tatler-67) The cover, which bore the caption "This woman was once a punk", was included in The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) list of the best ever UK magazine covers. [68] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-68) In September 2005, Westwood joined forces with the British civil rights (/wiki/Civil_rights) group Liberty (/wiki/Liberty_(pressure_group)) and launched exclusive limited design T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirts) and baby wear bearing the slogan I AM NOT A TERRORIST, please don't arrest me . She said she was supporting the campaign and defending habeas corpus (/wiki/Habeas_corpus) . "When I was a schoolgirl, my history teacher, Mr. Scott, began to take classes in civic affairs. The first thing he explained to us was the fundamental rule of law embodied in habeas corpus . He spoke with pride of civilisation and democracy. The hatred of arbitrary arrest (/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention) by the lettres de cachet (/wiki/Lettres_de_cachet) of the French monarchy (/wiki/French_monarchy) caused the storming of the Bastille (/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille) . We can only take democracy for granted if we insist on our liberty", she said. [69] (#cite_note-69) The sale of the £50 T-shirts raised funds for the organisation. Westwood stated on television in 2007 that she had transferred her long-standing support for the Labour Party (/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)) to the Conservatives (/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)) , due to concerns about civil liberties and human rights. [70] (#cite_note-70) On Easter Sunday (/wiki/Easter_Sunday) 2008, she campaigned in person at the biggest Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament) demonstration in ten years, at the Atomic Weapons Establishment (/wiki/Atomic_Weapons_Establishment) , Aldermaston (/wiki/Aldermaston) , Berkshire. [71] (#cite_note-71) Westwood at the Life Ball (/wiki/Life_Ball) in Vienna in 2011 The next year, she cut off her hair to highlight the dangers of climate change (/wiki/Climate_change) . [72] (#cite_note-72) She also appeared in a PETA (/wiki/PETA) ad campaign to promote World Water Day (/wiki/World_Water_Day) and vegetarianism, drawing attention to the meat industry's water consumption. [73] (#cite_note-peta-73) In 2014, Westwood bought a controlling interest in the equity crowdfunding (/wiki/Equity_crowdfunding) platform Trillion Fund (/wiki/Trillion_Fund) , which was dissolved in 2019. [74] (#cite_note-74) In January 2015, Westwood stated her support of the Green Party (/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales) : "I am investing in the Green Party because I believe it is in the best interests of our country and our economy". [75] (#cite_note-75) It was reported that she had donated £300,000 to fund the party's election campaign. [76] (#cite_note-76) In February 2015, Westwood was announced as the special guest on the Greens' We Are The Revolution campaigning tour of English universities in such cities as Liverpool, Norwich, Brighton and Sheffield. [77] (#cite_note-77) On the eve of the tour, Westwood was excluded from appearing by the youth wing of the Green Party due to her avoidance of UK corporate tax, which contravened party policy on usage of off-shore tax havens. [78] (#cite_note-78) She later condemned this as "a wasted opportunity" for the Greens. "I wasn't pure enough for them", she wrote in her online diary. [54] (#cite_note-climaterevolution.co.uk-54) Subsequently, Westwood switched her support to campaigning on behalf of Nigel Askew, the 'We are the Reality Party' candidate opposing UKIP (/wiki/UKIP) leader Nigel Farage (/wiki/Nigel_Farage) in the Kent (/wiki/Kent) constituency of Thanet South (/wiki/South_Thanet_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) . [79] (#cite_note-79) Askew polled 126 votes in the election. [80] (#cite_note-80) In June 2017, Westwood endorsed Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn (/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn) for the 2017 general election (/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election) . She said, "I'm excited about the Labour Party manifesto because it's all about the fair distribution of wealth." She added "Jeremy clearly wants to go green and creating a fair distribution of wealth is the place to start, from there we can build a green economy which will secure our future." [81] (#cite_note-dazeddigital-81) [82] (#cite_note-telegraph-82) In November 2019, along with other public figures, Westwood signed a letter supporting Corbyn that described him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia (/wiki/Xenophobia) and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election (/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election) . [83] (#cite_note-nme-83) Active Resistance manifesto [ edit ] In a 2007 interview, Westwood spoke out against what she perceived as the "drug of consumerism (/wiki/Consumerism) ". [84] (#cite_note-84) She said: "I don't feel comfortable defending my clothes. But if you've got the money to afford them, then buy something from me. Just don't buy too much" in response to claims that anti-consumerism (/wiki/Anti-consumerism) and fashion contradict each other. [85] (#cite_note-observer-dec-07-85) Later, Westwood created a manifesto called Active Resistance to Propaganda , which she said deals with the pursuit of art in relation to the human predicament and climate change. [86] (#cite_note-86) She claimed that her manifesto "penetrates to the root of the human predicament and offers the underlying solution. We have the choice to become more cultivated and therefore more human – or by muddling along as usual we shall remain the destructive and self-destroying animal, the victim of our own cleverness." [87] (#cite_note-87) The manifesto was read by Westwood at a number of venues including the London Transport Museum (/wiki/London_Transport_Museum) and distributed after readings as a booklet. [88] (#cite_note-88) It was then written in the form of a play and staged at the Bloomsbury Ballroom by Forbidden London (/wiki/Forbidden_London) and Dave West (/wiki/Dave_West_(entrepreneur)) on 4 December 2009. It starred Michelle Ryan (/wiki/Michelle_Ryan) and a number of other British actors. [89] (#cite_note-89) Westwood's manifesto was criticized by eco-activists who claimed that despite her calls to save the environment, she herself made no concessions to making her clothing or her business eco-friendly. [90] (#cite_note-90) Julian Assange and WikiLeaks [ edit ] Westwood was a longtime supporter of Julian Assange (/wiki/Julian_Assange) and WikiLeaks (/wiki/WikiLeaks) , and called for his release from custody. [91] (#cite_note-91) In June 2013, Westwood dedicated one of her collections to Chelsea Manning (/wiki/Chelsea_Manning) and at her fashion show she and all her models wore large image badges of Manning with the word "Truth" under her picture. In 2012, she used her appearances at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) to push for Assange's release by presenting "I am Julian Assange" t-shirts. [92] (#cite_note-92) She visited him several times during his political asylum (/wiki/Right_of_asylum) at the Ecuadorian Embassy in London and in Belmarsh Prison (/wiki/HM_Prison_Belmarsh) after his arrest in April 2019. [93] (#cite_note-93) In July 2020, she protested outside London's Old Bailey (/wiki/Old_Bailey) court against Assange's possible extradition to the United States by wearing a yellow pantsuit and suspending herself in a giant birdcage. Describing herself as the canary in the coal mine (/wiki/Canary_in_a_coal_mine) , she said she was "half-poisoned already from government corruption of law and gaming of the legal system by government". [94] (#cite_note-94) For Assange's wedding to Stella Morris in March 2022 in Belmarsh Prison (/wiki/Belmarsh_Prison) , the groom wore an outfit based on a Scottish kilt and the bride a dress with a graffiti application, both designs by Westwood and her husband, Austrian fashion designer Andreas Kronthaler. [95] (#cite_note-95) Books [ edit ] Westwood was also a noted author or co-author of books, such as Fashion in Art: The Second Empire and Impressionism , [96] (#cite_note-96) in which she explored the worlds of fashion and the arts and the links between them. Vivienne Westwood Opus 2008 limited edition was published for London Fashion Week 2008, documents Westwood's work and is also a unique work of art. The book measures 35.4 by 25.2 inches (90 cm × 64 cm), weighs 44 pounds (20 kg), with a total limited edition of 900. There are 9 different covers and titles each numbered 1 to 100: manifesto, cockroach propaganda, pirate squiggle, propaganda eyes, I am expensive, AR-Vivienne Westwood, innocent, active resistance to propaganda and union jack. The Opus contains 97 large-format Polaroid (/wiki/Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera) photographs, each measuring 19.7 by 23.6 inches (50 cm × 60 cm). The subjects include Westwood, her friends and models, including Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Jerry Hall (/wiki/Jerry_Hall) , Georgina May-Jagger (/wiki/Georgia_May_Jagger) , the Duchess of York Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_York) , Tim Burton (/wiki/Tim_Burton) , Sir Bob Geldof (/wiki/Sir_Bob_Geldof) , Jasmine Guinness (/wiki/Jasmine_Guinness) , and Helena Bonham Carter (/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter) . [97] (#cite_note-97) [98] (#cite_note-98) Recognition [ edit ] In the 1992 Birthday Honours (/wiki/1992_Birthday_Honours) , Westwood was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (OBE) for services to fashion design. [99] (#cite_note-99) She received her medal from Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) at Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) ; at the ceremony, Westwood wore nothing but sheer tights (/wiki/Tights) with a reinforced bikini top under her skirt, which was later captured by a photographer in the courtyard of the Palace. Westwood later said, "I wished to show off my outfit by twirling the skirt. It did not occur to me that, as the photographers were practically on their knees, the result would be more glamorous than I expected," and added: "I have heard that the picture amused the Queen." [100] (#cite_note-You_ask-100) Westwood advanced from OBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) to Dame Commander of the same Order (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) (DBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours (/wiki/2006_New_Year_Honours) "for services to British fashion", [101] (#cite_note-101) and earned the award for British Designer of the Year (/wiki/British_Designer_of_the_Year) on three occasions. Westwood was awarded a Fellowship at King's College London (/wiki/King%27s_College_London) in 2007, [102] (#cite_note-102) and in 2008 she designed 20 new academic gowns and hoods for King's students to wear at their graduation ceremonies. [103] (#cite_note-103) In 2008, Heriot-Watt University (/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University) awarded Westwood an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters (/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters) for her contribution to the industry and use of Scottish textiles. [104] (#cite_note-104) In January 2011, Westwood was featured in a Canadian-made television documentary called Vivienne Westwood's London in which she takes the viewer through her favourite parts of London, including the Courtauld Institute of Art (/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art) , the Wallace Collection (/wiki/Wallace_Collection) , Whitechapel (/wiki/Whitechapel) (accompanied by Sara Stockbridge (/wiki/Sara_Stockbridge) ), Hampton Court (/wiki/Hampton_Court) , the London Symphony Orchestra (/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra) , Brixton Market (/wiki/Brixton_Market) and Electric Avenue (/wiki/Electric_Avenue) , and the National Gallery (/wiki/National_Gallery) . In 2012, Westwood was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake (/wiki/Peter_Blake_(artist)) to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band) album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires. [105] (#cite_note-105) Also in 2012, Westwood was chosen as one of The New Elizabethans (/wiki/The_New_Elizabethans) to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II) . A panel of seven academics, journalists and historians named Westwood among a group of 60 people in the UK "whose actions during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact on lives in these islands and given the age its character". [106] (#cite_note-106) A tartan (/wiki/Tartan) outfit designed by Westwood featured on a commemorative UK postage stamp (/wiki/Great_Britain_commemorative_stamps_2010%E2%80%932019#2012) issued by the Royal Mail (/wiki/Royal_Mail) in 2012, celebrating Great British Fashion. [107] (#cite_note-107) In October 2014, the authorised biography Vivienne Westwood by Ian Kelly (/wiki/Ian_Kelly_(actor)) was published by Picador (/wiki/Picador_(imprint)) . Paul Gorman (/wiki/Paul_Gorman) described it as "sloppy" and "riddled with inaccuracies" on the basis of multiple errors in the book including misspelling the names of popular rock stars "Jimmy" Hendrix (/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix) and Pete "Townsend" (/wiki/Pete_Townshend) and misidentifying the date of the Sex Pistols' first concert and McLaren's age when he died. [108] (#cite_note-108) Regarding Gorman's claims, Picador publisher Paul Baggaley told The Bookseller (/wiki/The_Bookseller) : "We always take very seriously any errors that are brought to our attention and, where appropriate, correct them." [109] (#cite_note-109) A spokesman for Macmillan Publishers (/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers) , which published an Australian edition of the biography, confirmed that the matter was being handled by the publisher's lawyers. [110] (#cite_note-110) In 2016, the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York, acquired a Tits t-shirt, designed by McLaren and sold at Seditionaries between 1976 and 1980. [111] (#cite_note-111) In 2018, a documentary film about Westwood, called Westwood: Punk, Icon, Activist , premiered. [112] (#cite_note-112) The next year, Isabel Sanches Vegara wrote and Laura Callaghan illustrated Vivienne Westwood , one of the series, Little People, Big Dreams (/wiki/Little_People,_Big_Dreams) , published by Frances Lincoln (/wiki/Frances_Lincoln) Publishing. In 2022, the documentary ''ART LOVERS UNITE!'' [113] (#cite_note-113) starring Vivienne Westwood, directed by Patrick J. Thomas & Dacob, had its world premiere at the Melbourne Documentary Film Festival [114] (#cite_note-114) in Australia. Personal life [ edit ] Westwood had two children. Ben Westwood (born 1963) is her son with first husband Derek Westwood; he is a photographer of erotica (/wiki/Erotica) . Her second son, Joseph Corré (/wiki/Joseph_Corr%C3%A9) (born 1967) with second husband Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) , is the founder of lingerie brand Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) . [115] (#cite_note-115) Westwood married her former fashion student, Andreas Kronthaler (/wiki/Andreas_Kronthaler_(fashion_designer)) , in 1992. [116] (#cite_note-116) For 30 years, Westwood lived in an ex– council flat (/wiki/Council_flat) on Nightingale Lane, Clapham (/wiki/Clapham) . [117] (#cite_note-117) In 2000, Kronthaler convinced her to move into a Queen Anne style (/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture) house in Clapham (/wiki/Clapham) , that was built in 1703, and which once belonged to the mother of Captain Cook (/wiki/Captain_Cook) . [118] (#cite_note-118) She was a keen gardener [119] (#cite_note-119) and a vegetarian. [73] (#cite_note-peta-73) She identified spiritually as a Taoist (/wiki/Taoist) . [120] (#cite_note-120) 80th birthday [ edit ] To celebrate her 80th birthday, Westwood was commissioned by CIRCA (/wiki/CIRCA_(art_platform)) , an art platform founded in 2020 by British-Irish artist Josef O'Connor (/wiki/Josef_O%27Connor) , [121] (#cite_note-ARTNEWSPAPER1-121) to present a new video work on the Piccadilly Lights screen in Piccadilly Circus (/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus) , London. In the ten-minute film created with her brother, the punk icon performed a rewritten rendition of "Without You" from My Fair Lady (/wiki/My_Fair_Lady) to offer a stark warning of societal indifference to the looming environmental catastrophes, a call against the arms trade, and its link to climate change: "I have a plan 2 save the World. Capitalism is a war economy + war is the biggest polluter, therefore Stop War + change economy 2 fair distribution of wealth at the same time: NO MANS LAND. Let's be clear, U + I can't stop war just like that. But we can stop arms production + that would halt climate change cc + financial Crash. Long term this will stop war". [122] (#cite_note-CRFASHION1-122) In an interview with The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , her husband Andreas Kronthaler was quoted as saying, "It was a beautiful day because for once she let herself enjoy it." [123] (#cite_note-WESTWOODGUARDIAN-123) Death [ edit ] Westwood died in Clapham, London, on 29 December 2022, at age 81. [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) [126] (#cite_note-126) [127] (#cite_note-127) [128] (#cite_note-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) Former Sex Pistols guitarist Glen Matlock (/wiki/Glen_Matlock) paid tribute to Westwood on Twitter, stating that it was "a privilege to have rubbed shoulders with her in the mid '70s at the birth of punk and the waves it created that still resound today for the disaffected." [130] (#cite_note-130) Chrissie Hynde (/wiki/Chrissie_Hynde) , singer and guitarist of The Pretenders (/wiki/The_Pretenders) , who had previously been employed as a shop assistant by Westwood and McLaren at Sex (/wiki/Sex_(boutique)) during the 1970s, tweeted: "Vivienne is gone and the world is already a less interesting place." [131] (#cite_note-131) Others who paid tribute to Westwood on social media included singer Simon Le Bon (/wiki/Simon_Le_Bon) from Duran Duran (/wiki/Duran_Duran) , Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) , [132] (#cite_note-132) comedian Russell Brand (/wiki/Russell_Brand) , [133] (#cite_note-133) former Frankie Goes to Hollywood (/wiki/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood) singer Holly Johnson (/wiki/Holly_Johnson) , [134] (#cite_note-134) pop band Bananarama (/wiki/Bananarama) , [135] (#cite_note-135) singer and multimedia artist Yoko Ono (/wiki/Yoko_Ono) , [136] (#cite_note-136) singer Paul McCartney (/wiki/Paul_McCartney) , [137] (#cite_note-137) and the fashion house Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . [138] (#cite_note-138) Former co-leader of the Green Party (/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales) MP Caroline Lucas (/wiki/Caroline_Lucas) said of Westwood: "Such a legend, a huge inspiration, brilliantly creative and always a committed activist for people and planet – my thoughts are with her family and friends – RIP." [139] (#cite_note-139) In January 2023 a private funeral was held at Christ Church in Tintwistle (/wiki/Tintwistle) , Derbyshire, the village where Westwood grew up, where the church was decorated with 45 metres (148 ft) of MacLeod Harris Tweed tartan (/wiki/Tartan) , worth around £45,000. [ citation needed ] A memorial service for Westwood was held, at Southwark Cathedral (/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral) in London, on 16 February 2023. [140] (#cite_note-140) Portraits of Vivienne Westwood [ edit ] The National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) holds 18 images of Westwood taken between 1990 and 2014, including those by Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , Jane Bown (/wiki/Jane_Bown) , Juergen Teller (/wiki/Juergen_Teller) , Anne-Katrin Purkiss (/wiki/Anne-Katrin_Purkiss) , and Martin Parr (/wiki/Martin_Parr) . [141] (#cite_note-141) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Andre Rhoden-Paul, Adam Durbin (30 December 2022). "Vivienne Westwood: Tributes for 'Queen of British Fashion' after her death" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64122181) . BBC News . Retrieved 30 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dudbridge, Saxony. "Vivienne Westwood" (http://www.catwalkyourself.com/fashion-biographies/vivienne-westwood-biography/) . catwalkyourself.com . Retrieved 30 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) McDuffee, Allen (30 December 2022). "Inside Vivienne Westwood And Malcolm McLaren's Abusive Relationship" (https://www.grunge.com/1152322/inside-vivienne-westwood-and-malcolm-mclarens-abusive-relationship/) . grunge.com . Retrieved 31 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gorman, Paul (30 December 2022). "Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren: The rebellious duo that inspired a generation of punks" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/vivienne-westwood-malcolm-mclaren-rebellious-relationship-inspired/) . telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 31 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cooper, Geoff K. (1 October 2019). "Andreas Kronthaler talks marriage to Vivienne Westwood, Brexit and climate change" (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/style/andreas-kronthaler-on-vivienne-westwood-marriage-bella-hadid-and-brexit-a4250396.html) . standard.co.uk . Retrieved 31 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bell-Price, Shannon. "Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style Source: Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style" (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vivw/hd_vivw.htm) . Metmuseum.org . Retrieved 30 October 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Graye, Megan (11 August 2022). "50 most influential artists in Britain revealed: David Bowie, Steve McQueen and Russell T Davies among top spots" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/50-influential-artists-britain-david-bowie-b2142923.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 22 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-time020412_8-0) Adams, William Lee (2 April 2012). "Vivienne Westwood – All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons – TIME" (http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2110513_2110512_2110755,00.html) . Time . Retrieved 21 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Our Approach" (https://www.viviennewestwood.com/en/our-approach/) . viviennewestwood.com . Retrieved 4 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kristen, Bateman (8 March 2018). "Vivienne Westwood Is the Original Riot Grrrl" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/vivienne-westwood-interview-punk-fashion-climate-change) . L'Officiel . Retrieved 4 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Vivienne Westwood Family Return Home for Tintwistle Campaign" (https://www.showstudio.com/news/the-vivienne-westwood-family-return-home-for-tintwistle-campaign) . www.showstudio.com . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Mulvagh, Jane (2013). Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life . HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007-5151-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Vivienne Westwood - Clothes, Career & Life" (https://www.biography.com/history-culture/vivienne-westwood) . Biography . 25 May 2021. ^ Jump up to: a b Susannah Frankel (20 October 1999). "Meet the grande dame of Glossop" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/meet-the-grande-dame-of-glossop-743124.html) . The Independent . London, England . Retrieved 30 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nick Barratt (24 February 2007). "Family detective" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3631589/Family-detective.html) . The Daily Telegraph . London, England. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3631589/Family-detective.html) from the original on 12 January 2022 . Retrieved 30 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Vivienne Westwood chooses University of Westminster for London Fashion Week catwalk show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191102004257/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/vivienne-westwood-chooses-university-of-westminster-for-london-fashion-week-catwalk-show) . University of Westminster. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original (https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/vivienne-westwood-chooses-university-of-westminster-for-london-fashion-week-catwalk-show) on 2 November 2019 . Retrieved 1 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Vivienne Westwood – The Early Years" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110108102427/https://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1231_vivienne_westwood/text_panel_r1_01.html) . Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1231_vivienne_westwood/text_panel_r1_01.html) on 8 January 2011 . Retrieved 30 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Vivienne Westwood: Disgracefully yours, the Queen Mother of Fashion" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/vivienne-westwood-disgracefully-yours-the-queen-mother-of-fashion-178866.html) . The Independent . London, England. 2 June 2002 . Retrieved 31 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-i20020729_19-0) "Joe Corré and Serena Rees: Sex and the City" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100412135859/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/joe-correacute-and-serena-rees-sex-and-the-city-649844.html) . The Independent . 29 July 2002. Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/joe-correacute-and-serena-rees-sex-and-the-city-649844.html) on 12 April 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Dame Vivienne Westwood obituary" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-vivienne-westwood-obituary-nt0fvdrvf) . The Times . 30 December 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b Price, Authors: Shannon. "Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History" (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vivw/hd_vivw.htm) . The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Price, Authors: Shannon. "Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History" (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vivw/hd_vivw.html) . The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . Retrieved 1 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Vivienne Westwood: a taste for the past · V&A" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/vivienne-westwood-a-taste-for-the-past) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "The Story So Far" (https://blog.viviennewestwood.com/the-story-so-far/) . Vivienne Westwood . Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) AnOther (30 December 2022). "The Many Lives of Vivienne Westwood's Worlds End Shop" (https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/8672/clothes-for-heroes-story-of-vivienne-westwoods-worlds-end-shop-sex-kings-road) . AnOther . Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Scottie Andrew (30 December 2022). "How Vivienne Westwood dressed the Sex Pistols and shaped punk" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/vivienne-westwood-punk-fashion-sex-pistols-cec/index.html) . CNN . 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Clothes, clothes, clothes : music, music, music : boys, boys, boys : a memoir (First U.S. ed.). New York, N.Y. pp. 130–131. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781250065995 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 886381785 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/886381785) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Vivienne Westwood, British designer and activist, dies age 81" (https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/article/2022/12/31/vivienne-westwood-british-designer-and-activist-dies-age-81_6009825_15.html) . Le Monde.fr . 31 December 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-32) O'Neill, Alistair (21 April 2015). "Exhibition Review: Vivienne Westwood: 34 Years in Fashion". 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The Guardian . 5 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-106) "The New Elizabethans – Vivienne Westwood" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jxs2c/features/) . BBC Programmes . Retrieved 30 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-107) "Designer Stamps – Great British Fashion Stamps" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/designer-stamps-great-british-fashion-stamps) . British Vogue . Retrieved 24 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-108) Adam Sherwin (16 October 2014). "Vivienne Westwood accused of plagiarism over book on her life" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/vivienne-westwood-accused-of-plagiarism-over-book-on-her-life-9799821.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 21 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-109) Coben, Harlan (17 October 2014). "Gorman claims Westwood biography plagiarism" (http://www.thebookseller.com/news/gorman-claims-westwood-biography-plagiarism) . The Bookseller . Retrieved 21 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-110) Jason Steger (9 November 2014). "Legal action looms over Vivienne Westwood biography" (http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/legal-action-looms-over-vivienne-westwood-biography-20141108-11iuzd.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 21 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-111) "Vivienne Westwood | "Tits" T-shirt | British | The Metropolitan Museum of Art" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/129635) . ^ (#cite_ref-112) Weaver, Hilary (8 March 2018). "The Vivienne Westwood Documentary Vivienne Westwood Doesn't Want You to See" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/03/vivienne-westwood-documentary) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 13 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-113) Dacob; Thomas, Patrick J. (29 July 2022), Art Lovers Unite! (Documentary), Patrick J. Thomas , retrieved 11 January 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-114) "MDFF 2022: 'Art Lovers Unite!' (Interview)" (https://www.film-fest-report.com/home/mdff-2022-art-lovers-unite-interview) . Film Fest Report . 23 June 2022 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-115) "Vivienne Westwood's son Ben Breaks into Men's Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090722032853/http://www.zimbio.com/Vivienne+Westwood/articles/rOnglLTHbgb/Vivienne+Westwood+son+Ben+Breaks+Men+Fashion) . zimbio.com. Archived from the original (http://www.zimbio.com/Vivienne+Westwood/articles/rOnglLTHbgb/Vivienne+Westwood+son+Ben+Breaks+Men+Fashion) on 22 July 2009 . Retrieved 26 July 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-116) Croft, Claudia (8 January 2017). "The marvellous Mr Westwood" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-marvellous-mr-westwood-69h0zchk2) . The Times . Archived (https://archive.today/20210930090151/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-marvellous-mr-westwood-69h0zchk2) from the original on 30 September 2021 . Retrieved 12 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-117) Sharkey, Alix (8 April 2001). "Westwood ho!" (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2001/apr/08/life1.lifemagazine) . The Observer . Retrieved 18 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-118) Cathy Horyn (31 December 2009). "The Queen V" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/t-magazine/womens-fashion/18westwood.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-119) Piers Beeching (6 August 2009). "Me & my garden: Vivienne Westwood" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/5983691/Me-and-my-garden-Vivienne-Westwood.html) . The Daily Telegraph . London, England. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/5983691/Me-and-my-garden-Vivienne-Westwood.html) from the original on 12 January 2022 . Retrieved 30 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-120) Klerk, Amy (29 December 2022). "Vivienne Westwood has died, aged 81" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a42363881/vivienne-westwood-death/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ARTNEWSPAPER1_121-0) Buck, Louisa (24 September 2020). New public art project in London will show works by Ai Weiwei and Eddie Peake on Europe's largest billboard (https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/circa-launches-a-new-20-20-artistic-vision-across-piccadilly-lights) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210820010912/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/circa-launches-a-new-20-20-artistic-vision-across-piccadilly-lights) 20 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) The Art Newspaper (/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper) . Retrieved 29 July 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-CRFASHION1_122-0) Malzahn, Catherine (8 April 2021) Vivienne Westwood celebrates her 80th birthday in the most Vivienne Westwood way (https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a36054335/vivienne-westwood-celebrates-her-80th-birthday-in-the-most-vivienne-westwood-way/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210730134542/https://www.crfashionbook.com/culture/a36054335/vivienne-westwood-celebrates-her-80th-birthday-in-the-most-vivienne-westwood-way/) 30 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) CR Fashion Book (/wiki/CR_Fashion_Book) . Retrieved 30 July 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-WESTWOODGUARDIAN_123-0) Segalov, Michael (26 June 2021). Being Mr Westwood: Vivienne is 'eccentric, serious and genuine' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/jun/26/being-mr-westwood-vivienne-is-eccentric-serious-and-genuine) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210730141534/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/jun/26/being-mr-westwood-vivienne-is-eccentric-serious-and-genuine) 30 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 29 July 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-124) "Fashion designer Vivienne Westwood dies" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64122181) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-125) "Dame Vivienne Westwood, fashion designer, dies aged 81" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/dec/29/dame-vivienne-westwood-fashion-designer-dies-aged-81) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-126) "Vivienne Westwood, fashion designer and style icon, dies at 81" (https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/vivienne-westwood-obituary/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-127) "Vivienne Westwood, influential punk fashion maverick, dies at 81" (https://www.npr.org/2022/12/29/1146122415/vivienne-westwood-punk-fashion-designer-dies) . NPR (/wiki/NPR) . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-128) "Vivienne Westwood, iconic fashion designer, dies at 81" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vivienne-westwood-dies-age-81-fashion-designer) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-129) "Vivienne Westwood, provocative British fashion designer, dies at 81" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2022/12/29/designer-vivienne-westwood-dead) . Washington Post . 29 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-130) Glen Matlock [@GlenMatlock] (29 December 2022). "I have just heard the sad news about a one off, single minded, talented lady" (https://x.com/GlenMatlock/status/1608589376568840193) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-131) Chrissie Hynde [@ChrissieHynde] (29 December 2022). "Vivienne is gone and the world is already a less interesting place" (https://x.com/ChrissieHynde/status/1608579881528623104) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-132) Boy George [@BoyGeorge] (29 December 2022). "R.I.P to the great and inspiring Vivienne Westwood who lead us through punk and beyond" (https://x.com/BoyGeorge/status/1608589986663636992) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-133) Russell Brand [@rustyrockets] (29 December 2022). "Goodbye Vivienne Westwood saint of punks, single Mums, entrepreneurs and rebels" (https://x.com/rustyrockets/status/1608786398223699971) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-134) Holly Johnson [@TheHollyJohnson] (29 December 2022). "Goodbye Vivienne Westwood" (https://x.com/TheHollyJohnson/status/1608623108818370564) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-135) Bananarama [@VivaBananarama] (29 December 2022). "RIP Dame Vivienne Westwood, a true pioneer" (https://x.com/VivaBananarama/status/1608595788653023232) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-136) Yoko Ono [@yokoono] (29 December 2022). "Rest in peace, Vivienne" (https://x.com/yokoono/status/1608578549258289153) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-137) Paul McCartney [@PaulMcCartney] (30 December 2022). "Goodbye Vivienne Westwood" (https://x.com/PaulMcCartney/status/1608812774104129537) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-138) Alexander McQueen [@McQueen] (30 December 2022). "Vivienne Westwood. Forever inspirational" (https://x.com/McQueen/status/1608799048886284288) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 30 December 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-139) "Vivienne Westwood: Pioneering fashion designer dies aged 81" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64122181) . BBC News. 29 December 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-140) "Vivienne Westwood: Kate Moss and Victoria Beckham attend memorial service" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-64666516) . BBC News. 16 February 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-141) "Dame Vivienne Westwood" (https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp11747/dame-vivienne-westwood?search=sas&sText=vivienne+westwood) . www.npg.org.uk . National Portrait Gallery . Retrieved 7 January 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikiquote has quotations related to Vivienne Westwood (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vivienne_Westwood) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vivienne Westwood (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vivienne_Westwood) . 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American online clothing retailer 11 Honoré is an American plus-sized (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) fashion e-retailer based in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) [1] (#cite_note-1) The company sells clothing from designers and brands including Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , and Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) . [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] The company was founded in 2017 by Patrick Herning, with investments from Forerunner, Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Upfront (/wiki/Upfront_Ventures) , Greycroft (/wiki/Greycroft) and Canvas. [3] (#cite_note-3) It sold 15 brands at launch, and expanded to almost 90 within two years. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2019, 11 Honoré held a size-inclusive runway event at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) featuring multiple designers, headlined by actress Laverne Cox (/wiki/Laverne_Cox) and plus-sized models (/wiki/Plus-size_model) including Candice Huffine (/wiki/Candice_Huffine) , Marquita Pring, Precious Lee (/wiki/Precious_Lee) , Stella Duval and Tara Lynn (/wiki/Tara_Lynn) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2020 the company launched its private label, initially featuring 24 pieces. [8] (#cite_note-8) In October 2021, 11 Honoré began selling in Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) stores, and on the retailer's website. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "11 Honore Inc - Company Profile" (https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1574794D:US) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220102032717/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1574794D:US) from the original on 2022-01-02. ^ (#cite_ref-2) McCall, Tyler. "How 11 Honoré Is Making Plus-Size Clothing Easier for Designers and Customers" (https://fashionista.com/2017/08/11-honore-plus-size-clothing) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2022-01-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Nordstrom invests in plus-size startup 11 Honoré" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/nordstrom-invests-in-plus-size-startup-11-honore/567329/) . Retail Dive . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Moore, Booth (2018-12-10). "Elizabeth Stewart Is Making It Her Mission to Bring Size Inclusivity to the Red Carpet" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/elizabeth-stewart-is-making-it-her-mission-bring-size-inclusivity-red-carpet-1168075/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2022-01-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "11 Honoré Shakes Up Fashion Week With Laverne Cox and a Size-Inclusive Cast of Model Stars" (https://www.vogue.com/article/11honore-nyfw-show-inclusive-runway-laverne-cox-walk) . Vogue . 2019-02-07 . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Huber, Eliza. "11 Honoré's First NYFW Show Was A Complete Triumph" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/02/223745/11-honore-plus-size-nyfw-spring-summer-19) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Fisher, Lauren Alexis (2019-02-07). "Laverne Cox Just Kicked Off NYFW With the Most Epic Runway Walk" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a26228380/laverne-cox-11-honore-new-york-fashion-week/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "11 Honoré's Private Label Is the Size-Inclusive Line You've Been Waiting For" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/11-honore-private-label-launch) . Vogue . 2020-06-22 . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Lee, Paula (2021-10-06). "Popular Plus-Size Brand 11 Honoré Just Landed at Nordstrom" (https://www.oprahdaily.com/style/g37578833/11-honore-private-label-plus-size-line-nordstrom/) . Oprah Daily . Retrieved 2022-01-01 . 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Christian Dior model Svetlana Lloyd Born Egypt Education Legat School of Ballet Occupation(s) Ballet dancer, model, journalist Known for Modelling the Trapeze line dress Svetlana E. Lloyd (née Kassessinova/Kassessinoff ) is an Egyptian-born former house model, then known as a "mannequin", for the Dior (/wiki/Dior) fashion house in Paris during the 1950s, under designers Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . She became known as the " Trapèze Line girl" after wearing Saint Laurent's Trapeze dress at a fashion show in 1958 and appearing on magazine covers around the world. After retiring from modeling, Lloyd worked as a journalist and lecturer. Early life [ edit ] She was born Svetlana Kassessinova [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) or Kassessinoff [3] (#cite_note-Legat-3) in Egypt to Russian parents [4] (#cite_note-auto2-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) who had left Russia because of the revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) . [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) Her father worked as a miniaturist and painter for King Farouk (/wiki/King_Farouk) and her mother was a seamstress. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) Ballet dancer [ edit ] She was sent to Legat's School of Ballet in Tunbridge Wells (/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells) , England, run by Nadine Legat (wife of Nikolai Legat (/wiki/Nikolai_Legat) ), and trained there as a ballet dancer. [3] (#cite_note-Legat-3) [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) She joined the Sadler's Wells Ballet (/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Ballet) , and whilst on a tour of A Midsummer Night's Dream (/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_(ballet)) in the United States, injured her knee ice skating, forcing her to give up ballet. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) Another account states that she had to stop ballet as she had grown too tall. [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) Model for Dior [ edit ] Trapèze line dress, first worn by Lloyd Aged 20, and as she spoke French, she went to Paris to try to get a receptionist job, entered a Dior boutique to ask about positions, and was shown upstairs by an assistant to try on a dress after which Christian Dior gave her a job as a house model or "mannequin". She started work the next day. She later remembered that she didn't know how to walk as a model but she did know how to move due to her training as a dancer. [4] (#cite_note-auto2-4) [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) She was the first to model Saint Laurent's new Trapèze line dress, becoming the " Trapèze Line girl" after wearing the dress in Dior's January 1958 fashion show when the new silhouette, "growing from the bust" was first revealed. She subsequently featured on the cover of magazines around the world. [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) The dress, that Lloyd later observed was more significant for its shape than its grey wool material, is now in New York's Metropolitan Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum) . She worked regularly for Dior and remembered him for kindness and being more concerned with elegance than beauty. [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) After Dior's death she joined the other models in occupying the front two rows of the church for the funeral. They all wore black haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) coats. [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_2016-7) Later life [ edit ] After two seasons with Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and two collections with Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , she set sail for the United States, where she met her first husband, the American investment banker Roger H. Lloyd. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) They married in South Kensington (/wiki/South_Kensington) , London (/wiki/London) , in 1959, [9] (#cite_note-9) and spent four years in New York, where they had two children, Alexander and Marina. She now lives in South Kensington, London, with her current husband. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) [ when? ] Lloyd worked as an assistant editor for Mademoiselle (/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)) magazine for 50 years but it took her decades to get used to wearing ill-fitting ready-to-wear clothes rather than haute couture garments that were made to fit. She later took up samba dancing (/wiki/Samba_dancing) , winning a silver medal as an amateur. In 2004, she sold two "tight and painful" corsets at Christie's that she wore at Dior, receiving £300 for them, despite observing that they had not been washed since 1956. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Svetlana Kassessinova Lloyd attends the Dior cocktail party to..." (https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/svetlana-kassessinova-lloyd-attends-the-dior-cocktail-party-news-photo/819020706) Getty Images . 19 July 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dior Fashion Models Lr Zoe Constant Jill Editorial Stock Photo – Stock Image | Shutterstock" (https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/dior-fashion-models-lr-zoe-constant-jill-wright-kouka-gaspard-and-svetlana-kassessinov-box-757-818051728-ajpg-9118068a) . Shutterstock Editorial . ^ Jump up to: a b "Yoga Keeps Them Fit For Ballet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201223181953/https://picclick.co.uk/LEGAT-BALLET-SCHOOL-TUNBRIDGE-WELLS-TAMARA-DRAGADZE-ETC-363176787310.html#&gid=1&pid=2) . unidentified magazine . Archived from the original (https://picclick.co.uk/LEGAT-BALLET-SCHOOL-TUNBRIDGE-WELLS-TAMARA-DRAGADZE-ETC-363176787310.html#&gid=1&pid=2) on 23 December 2020 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steenhart, Josie (26 September 2017). "The Dior effect: 70 years of extraordinary French fashion" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/97028553/the-dior-effect-70-years-of-extraordinary-french-fashion) . Stuff . ^ (#cite_ref-5) The House of Dior: 70 years of haute couture culminates in an extraordinary exhibition (https://graziamagazine.com/articles/house-of-dior-seventy-years-of-haute-couture-review-ngv) , Nicholas Carolan, Grazia . Retrieved 18 January 2021. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Astuto, Bruno (22 September 2022). "Svetlana Lloyd: conheça a trejetória da manequim de nomes como Dior e YSL" (https://vogue.globo.com/moda/moda-news/noticia/2016/08/svetlana-lloyd-conheca-trejetoria-da-manequim-de-nomes-como-dior-e-ysl.html) . Vogue . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Mower, Sarah (2 June 2016). "Eat Your Heart Out, Bella Hadid! Svetlana Lloyd Walked Dior's 1958 Show" (https://www.vogue.com/article/dior-svetlana-lloyd) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Svetlana Lloyd Interview. (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/multimedia/svetlana-lloyd-interview/) National Gallery of Victoria. Retrieved 18 January 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Svetlana E Kassessinoff England and Wales Marriage Registration Index, 1837–2005. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVDT-NMXV) Family Search. Retrieved 18 January 2021. (subscription required) External links [ edit ] Auido interview for the V&A's 2019 exhibition, "Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/svetlana-lloyd-on-dior) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k9hnm Cached time: 20240721191832 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.274 seconds Real time usage: 0.374 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2093/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16482/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1402/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28181/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.156/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5565119/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 350.481 1 -total 33.80% 118.474 1 Template:Reflist 30.68% 107.518 1 Template:Infobox_person 27.76% 97.286 6 Template:Cite_web 18.60% 65.193 1 Template:Short_description 10.51% 36.839 2 Template:Pagetype 9.92% 34.767 1 Template:When 9.46% 33.151 17 Template:Main_other 9.34% 32.727 1 Template:Fix 6.20% 21.740 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66180597-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721191832 and revision id 1212798290. 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1965 fashion collection by Yves Saint Laurent Mondrian dresses by Yves St Laurent (1966) The Mondrian Collection was designed by French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) (1936–2008) in 1965. [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) This collection was a homage to the work of several modernistic artists. [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) Part of this collection were six cocktail dresses that were inspired by the paintings of Piet Mondrian (/wiki/Piet_Mondrian) (1872–1944). [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) Because these six shift dresses [2] (#cite_note-MetMuseum-2) played a major role in this collection, the collection is called the Mondrian Collection. [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) In academic literature it has been questioned whether this name fully covers the aim of the collection, since there are other artists who inspired Saint Laurent such as Poliakoff (/wiki/Serge_Poliakoff) and Malevich (/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich) . [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) However, Mondrian seemed to play a leading role in this collection. The dresses were famously accessorized with low-heeled, black pumps with large, geometric-looking metallic buckles across the vamp, produced by Roger Vivier (/wiki/Roger_Vivier) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Design and construction [ edit ] 1965 Mondrian dress by Saint Laurent, Rijksmuseum (/wiki/Rijksmuseum) The six wool jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) and silk A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Mondrian dresses comprised graphic black lines and blocks of white and primary colour, directly referencing the work of Mondrian. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-complex-5) [6] (#cite_note-vam-6) Rather than being printed, the dresses were made of pre-dyed fabrics, each colour in their design being an individual piece of fabric. [5] (#cite_note-complex-5) Saint Laurent experimented with the interplay of lines by integrating them in the seams of the garment and giving a seemingly seam-free construction. [7] (#cite_note-kunst138-7) The weight of the fabrics used ensured that the dresses hung straight, without draping or movement to distort the simplicity of the effect—features that enhanced the Modernism (/wiki/Modernism) theme of the designs. [5] (#cite_note-complex-5) In interviews Saint Laurent acknowledged that Mondrian inspired him to focus on simple dresses with minimal decoration. [1] (#cite_note-kunst-1) [8] (#cite_note-berge21-8) Although the overall effect appeared simple, the technique was complex and required precision cutting and work-intensive haute couture techniques to achieve successfully, making the dresses expensive. [7] (#cite_note-kunst138-7) Precedents [ edit ] Although Saint Laurent's Mondrian dresses were very successful, it was noted that several other designers had produced very similar works beforehand. In 1965, a New York reporter noted that the Mondrian dresses closely resembled two-colour jersey dresses that had already been produced and widely retailed by the French designer Michèle Rosier (/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Rosier) . [9] (#cite_note-tmg-9) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) claimed that the effect of the Mondrian dresses had been achieved two years previously by the American designer John Kloss (/wiki/John_Kloss) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Convergence of fashion and art [ edit ] The convergence of fashion and art in the Mondrian dresses is significant. [11] (#cite_note-bok-11) Whilst reflecting the fashionable Western silhouette, the designs also reflect the significance of the work of artists like Mondrian during the 1960s. [12] (#cite_note-rijk-12) The abstract, geometric visual language of the modernistic Dutch movement De Stijl (/wiki/De_Stijl) to which Mondrian belonged was applied to the design of the six dresses. [12] (#cite_note-rijk-12) Saint Laurent was known for his love of fine art, [7] (#cite_note-kunst138-7) and had an extensive collection covering a wide range of periods and styles which had important influence on his work. [8] (#cite_note-berge21-8) He said of Mondrian: ‘Mondrian is purity and one can go no further in purity in painting. This is a purity that joins with that of the Bauhaus. The masterpiece of the twentieth century is a Mondrian’. [13] (#cite_note-berge168-13) The dresses have been described as a canvas on which Saint Laurent experimented with his artistic ideas, [14] (#cite_note-14) and have become regarded as having captured the Zeitgest (/wiki/Zeitgest) of their era. [13] (#cite_note-berge168-13) As icons of 1965 fashion the dresses have been described as giving a new perspective on haute couture—namely that it didn't have to consist of a total look any more, and that it could be easy to wear. [8] (#cite_note-berge21-8) Popularity [ edit ] The Mondrian collection was widely published in many fashion magazines, with one dress featuring on the cover of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in 1965. [15] (#cite_note-15) Mondrian style dresses became very popular, with many mass manufacturers producing copies of the designs for lower prices, which were then widely circulated. [7] (#cite_note-kunst138-7) The copying was so widespread that Saint Laurent became a little disenchanted with this collection during the peak of its success, saying at one point, "I hate Mondrian now." [16] (#cite_note-16) In museums [ edit ] The original Mondrian dresses can be found in several museums around the world, including the Rijksmuseum (/wiki/Rijksmuseum) in Amsterdam, [12] (#cite_note-rijk-12) the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London, [6] (#cite_note-vam-6) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York. [2] (#cite_note-MetMuseum-2) 1960s portal (/wiki/Portal:1960s) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hohé 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b "Dress, fall/winter 1965-66, Yves Saint Laurent" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/83442) . The Met Collection . As the sack dress evolved in the 1960s into a modified form, the shift, Saint Laurent realized that the dress's planarity was an ideal field for color blocks. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Homage to Piet Mondrian" (https://museeyslparis.com/en/biography/lhommage-a-piet-mondrian) . Musée Yves Saint Laurent Paris . Retrieved 11 January 2022 . For this collection, Saint Laurent sketched a series of shoes that were made by the designer Roger Vivier: black pumps decorated with a large square buckle in gold or silver metal. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Couture: Iconic YSL creations" (http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/en/Couture-376.html) . Foundation Pierre Berge – Yves Saint Laurent . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Cohn, Hana (4 April 2013). "The 50 Best Artist Collaborations in Fashion: 47. Yves Saint Laurent x Piet Mondrian" (http://uk.complex.com/style/2013/04/the-50-best-artist-collaborations-in-fashion/yves-saint-laurent-x-piet-mondrian) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cocktail dress, "The Mondrian collection," Yves Saint Laurent, 1965" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141020002253/https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O75489/the-mondrian-collection-cocktail-dress-yves-saint-laurent/) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Archived from the original (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O75489/the-mondrian-collection-cocktail-dress-yves-saint-laurent/) on 20 October 2014 . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hohé 2011 (#CITEREFHohé2011) , p. 138 ^ Jump up to: a b c Bergé 2008 (#CITEREFBergé2008) , p. 21 ^ (#cite_ref-tmg_9-0) "Parisienne Pioneers Pop Style" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19650914&id=a6UtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h58FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3657,2686306) . The Montreal Gazette (/wiki/The_Montreal_Gazette) . 14 September 1965 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Dress, John Kloss, about 1966" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150417191721/http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/6741) . Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/6741) on 17 April 2015 . Retrieved 17 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-bok_11-0) Kim 1998 (#CITEREFKim1998) , p. 55 ^ Jump up to: a b c "Mondriaanjurk, Yves Saint Laurent, Abraham, Bianchini-Férier, 1965" (https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/BK-2011-58) . Rijksmuseum (in Dutch) . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bergé 2008 (#CITEREFBergé2008) , p. 168 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kim 1998 (#CITEREFKim1998) , p. 57 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Mode & Kunst . Zwolle: Wbooks. 2011. p. 142. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Taylor, Angela (12 November 1965). " (https://www.nytimes.com/1965/11/12/archives/i-hate-mondrian-now-st-laurent-says.html) 'I Hate Mondrian Now,' St. Laurent Says" (https://www.nytimes.com/1965/11/12/archives/i-hate-mondrian-now-st-laurent-says.html) . The New York Times : 53. 'I hate Mondrian now,' he said....[He] has seen numberless cheap copies of his famous Mondrian-inspired dresses...[I]t is a love-hate relationship. Bibliography [ edit ] Bergé, Pierre (2008). Yves Saint Laurent: Style . Abrams (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8109-7120-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 836801687 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/836801687) . Hohé, Madelief (2011). Mode Loves Kunst (in Dutch). WBooks. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9-0400-7813-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 844956399 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/844956399) . Kim, Sung Bok (1 February 1998). "Is Fashion Art?". Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) . 2 (1): 51–71. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/136270498779754515 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F136270498779754515) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . v t e Piet Mondrian (/wiki/Piet_Mondrian) Paintings A Farmhouse Behind A Fence (/wiki/A_Farmhouse_Behind_A_Fence) (c. 1904) The Red Cloud (/wiki/The_Red_Cloud_(Mondrian)) (1907) Evening; Red Tree (/wiki/Evening;_Red_Tree) (1908–1910) The Lighthouse in Westkapelle (/wiki/The_Lighthouse_in_Westkapelle) (1908) By The Sea (/wiki/By_The_Sea) (1909) Gray Tree (/wiki/Gray_Tree) (1911) Evolution (/wiki/Evolution_(Mondrian)) (1911) Composition with Grid No. 1 (/wiki/Composition_with_Grid_No._1) (1918) Composition with Large Red Plane, Yellow, Black, Grey and Blue (/wiki/Composition_with_Large_Red_Plane,_Yellow,_Black,_Grey_and_Blue) (1921) Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow (/wiki/Composition_with_Red,_Blue_and_Yellow) (1930) Composition with Yellow Lines (/wiki/Composition_with_Yellow_Lines) (1933) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City_(painting)) (1942) Broadway Boogie Woogie (/wiki/Broadway_Boogie_Woogie) (1942–1943) Victory Boogie Woogie (/wiki/Victory_Boogie_Woogie) (1944) Museums Mondriaan House (/wiki/Mondriaan_House) Related Neoplasticism (/wiki/Neoplasticism) Mondrian Collection De Stijl (/wiki/De_Stijl) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐pckc4 Cached time: 20240718030355 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.298 seconds Real time usage: 0.414 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1082/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30410/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 786/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6054982/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 368.542 1 -total 41.96% 154.636 1 Template:Reflist 25.41% 93.655 7 Template:Cite_web 23.02% 84.824 1 Template:Short_description 20.48% 75.491 1 Template:Piet_Mondrian 19.18% 70.677 1 Template:Navbox 10.74% 39.575 4 Template:Main_other 10.22% 37.662 1 Template:SDcat 9.60% 35.378 2 Template:Pagetype 8.11% 29.887 5 Template:Harvnb Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47778997-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718030355 and revision id 1215523323. 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Jewellery chain store (1945) H. Stern Company type Privately held company (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Jewelers (/wiki/Jeweler) Founded 1945 ( 1945 ) Founder Hans Stern (/wiki/Hans_Stern) Headquarters Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , RJ (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Key people Roberto Stern (CEO) Products Precious stones (/wiki/Precious_stones) , Watches (/wiki/Watches) , Jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , Owner Hans Stern Website www.hstern.com.br (http://www.hstern.com.br) H. Stern shop at Ben Gurion Airport (/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) H. Stern is a Brazilian luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) [1] (#cite_note-1) jewellery house headquartered in Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , from where the handmade production of all its jewellery is controlled. The house was founded in 1945 by German-Jewish (/wiki/German-Jewish) immigrant Hans Stern (/wiki/Hans_Stern) . H. Stern initially specialized in precious stones before moving to design focused jewelry. [2] (#cite_note-Luxury-2) Its first store opened on the Rio de Janeiro docks in 1949, the point of arrival for international passengers on cruise ships. The family owned company does not disclose its sales but it has over 150 stores, located in Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations) , United States, Europe & Asia. [2] (#cite_note-Luxury-2) In the 1990s, under the direction of Hans’ eldest son Roberto Stern, currently the President and Creative Director of the company, H. Stern went through an extensive restructuring process. [3] (#cite_note-3) In the product development area, the company started to observe and interpret behavioral, style and fashion trends, and launched collections inspired by several celebrities such as musician Carlinhos Brown (1999), artist Anna Bella Geiger (2000), the stylist and cultural icon Diane von Fürstenberg (2004), architect Oscar Niemeyer and the Grupo Corpo dance company from the state of Minas in Brazil (2009). [4] (#cite_note-4) One of the latest is a collection of rings inspired by the Disney and Tim Burton film Alice in Wonderland . Eva Longoria, Rihanna, Angelina Jolie, Cate Blanchett, Sharon Stone and Catherine Zeta-Jones have all worn H. Stern's designs. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "H. Stern Joias" (http://hstern.com.br/) . hstern.com.br . Retrieved 27 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chevalier, Michel (2012). Luxury Brand Management . Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-17176-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Menkes, Suzy (10 November 2011). "H. Stern Uses Varied Inspiration for Jewelry" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/11/fashion/11iht-rjewel11.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 27 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Architect Oscar Niemeyer's jewellery designs for H Stern" (http://www.thejewelleryeditor.com/2011/03/architect-oscar-niemeyers-jewellery-designs-for-h-stern/oscar-niemeyer-roberto-stern-at-niemeyers-studio/) . The Jewellery Editor . 22 March 2011 . Retrieved 25 June 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.hstern.com.br) Rockerring News (https://www.rockerring.com/blogs/news) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/144579950) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001065022) This Brazilian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( May 2024 ) Chinese discount store Ximivogue A XIMIVOGUE FMCG retail store in Nicaragua. Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Founded 2015 Area served Worldwide Website www (https://www.ximiso.com/) .ximiso (https://www.ximiso.com/) .com (https://www.ximiso.com/) Ximivogue ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 熙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%86%99) 美 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E) 诚 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AF%9A) 品 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%93%81) ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 熙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%86%99) 美 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E) 誠 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AA%A0) 品 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%93%81) ; stylized XIMI VOGUE or "XIMIVOGUE" [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) ),also spelled "Ximi Vogue" [2] (#cite_note-2) and known as XIMISO, [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-scmp.com-5) is a Korean-inspired fast-fashion brand [6] (#cite_note-6) founded in 2015. [7] (#cite_note-7) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Its headquarters are in Tianhe District (/wiki/Tianhe_District) , Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) , [8] (#cite_note-8) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) and it also has offices in Hangzhou and Yiwu. [9] (#cite_note-Patterson-9) It mainly provides products and services related to daily life, similar to Japanese 100 Yen stores or dollar stores. [5] (#cite_note-scmp.com-5) [10] (#cite_note-10) Ximivogue entered the Colombia market in 2019. [11] (#cite_note-11) Ximivogue has expanded outside of the Chinese market and operates 1,400 stores in Asia, [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Europe (/wiki/Europe) , Australia, North America, [14] (#cite_note-14) and South America. [15] (#cite_note-15) History [ edit ] Ximivogue was established in 2015 as a Korean lifestyle brand, [16] (#cite_note-16) alongside other similar international retailers like Miniso (/wiki/Miniso) , [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Mumuso. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [17] (#cite_note-17) In July 2018, the retailer set foot in the market of Sri Lanka. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2019, Ximivogue stepped into Brunei, [20] (#cite_note-20) Bulgaria [21] (#cite_note-21) and Canada. [9] (#cite_note-Patterson-9) [22] (#cite_note-22) In July 2019, Ximivogue and Mongolian Uukhai Skateboarding Association jointly organized a competition for amateur skaters and skateboarders. [23] (#cite_note-23) In July 2020, Ximivogue opened its first store in Jakarta, Indonesia. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Korean fast fashion franchise store 'XIMIVOGUE ' opens outlet in Maldives" (https://raajje.mv/54756) . raajje.mv . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mumuso, Miniso, Ximi Vogue, cuando lo 'cute' está de moda | La Prensa Panamá" (https://www.ellas.pa/estilo-vida/mumuso-miniso-ximi-vogue-cuando-lo-cute-esta-de-moda/) . www.ellas.pa (in Spanish) . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Hassan, Taimoor (21 October 2019). "Can a MiniSo franchise make you a millionaire overnight?" (https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/10/21/can-a-miniso-franchise-make-you-a-millionaire-overnight/) . Profit by Pakistan Today . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Howse, Allysha. "China's New Version Of Miniso Is Opening In Toronto And You Won't Be Able to Resist Their Products - Narcity" (https://www.narcity.com/toronto/china-based-clothing-store-ximivogue-is-opening-two-new-stores-in-the-toronto-area) . www.narcity.com . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How 'cultural copycats' like Miniso took over the world" (https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/2171480/miniso-far-mumuso-good-how-chinas-cultural-copycats-took-over) . South China Morning Post . 5 November 2018 . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) OCarroll, Mr (8 December 2017). "Miniso-brand items still for sale in Pyongyang, despite previous Tokyo denial | NK News" (https://www.nknews.org/2017/12/miniso-brand-items-still-for-sale-in-pyongyang-despite-previous-tokyo-denial/) . NK News - North Korea News . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rahhou, Jihane. "Chinese Fashion Brand Ximivogue Debuts in Morocco" (https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/06/349920/chinese-fashion-brand-ximivogue-debuts-in-morocco) . morocco world news . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "XIMIVOGUE" (https://www.ximiso.com/) . XIMIVOGUE . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . 广州雅居乐中心,中国广东省广州市天河区华夏路 邮政编码: 510600 ^ Jump up to: a b Patterson, Craig (8 March 2019). " (https://retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2019/03/korean-variety-retailer-ximivogue-to-enter-canadian-market/) "Korean" Variety Retailer 'Ximivogue' to Enter Canadian Market" (https://retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2019/03/korean-variety-retailer-ximivogue-to-enter-canadian-market/) . Retail Insider . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Korean fast fashion brand XIMI Vogue to generate 500 crore revenue in India" (https://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/korean-fast-fashion-brand-ximi-vogue-generate-500-103916328.html) . Yahoo Finance (in Spanish). 18 June 2019 . Retrieved 26 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Primax Colombia le competirá a Altoque (Terpel) con nuevas tiendas Listo!" (https://es-us.finanzas.yahoo.com/noticias/primax-colombia-competir%C3%A1-altoque-terpel-210200650.html) . Yahoo Finance (in Spanish). 22 December 2022 . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Patwa, Prasannata (31 December 2019). "The China-based company till now had been operating smaller stores in tier II and III cities" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/the-china-based-company-till-now-had-been-operating-smaller/344415) . Entrepreneur . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Ximivogue to wager on greater 'experiential stores' to tap request in metros - Industry Global News24" (https://industryglobalnews24.com/ximivogue-to-wager-on-greater-experiential-stores-to-tap-request-in-metros) . industryglobalnews24.com . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Stutz, Blair (12 March 2019). "A New Korean-Inspired Variety Store Is Opening In Toronto" (https://www.styledemocracy.com/a-new-korean-inspired-variety-store-is-opening-in-toronto/) . StyleDemocracy . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Left for Dead, One of Canada's Most Successful IPOs Is Making a Comeback" (https://doi.org/10.17658%2Fissn.2058-5462%2Fissue-13%2Ffloe-elliott%2Fp15) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-13/floe-elliott/p15 (https://doi.org/10.17658%2Fissn.2058-5462%2Fissue-13%2Ffloe-elliott%2Fp15) . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Fast fashion Korean brand XIMIVOGUE launches in Sri Lanka" (https://colombogazette.com/2018/07/07/fast-fashion-korean-brand-ximivogue-launches-in-sri-lanka/) . Colombo Gazette . 7 July 2018 . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Miniso far, Mumuso good: how China's 'cultural copycats' took over the world" (https://www.todayonline.com/world/miniso-far-mumuso-good-how-chinas-cultural-copycats-took-over-world) . TODAY . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Ximivogue expands to Kandy City Centre | Daily FT" (https://www.ft.lk/lifestyle/Ximivogue-expands-to-Kandy-City-Centre/8-663617) . www.ft.lk . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "கொரியாவின் XIMIVOGUE இலங்கையில் அறிமுகம்" (https://www.tamilmirror.lk/வணிகம்/கொரியாவின்-XIMIVOGUE-இலங்கையில்-அறிமுகம்/47-219132) . www.tamilmirror.lk (in Tamil) . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "XIMIVOGUE opens fourth Brunei store" (http://thescoop.co/2019/11/29/ximivogue-opens-fourth-brunei-store/) . The Scoop . 28 November 2019 . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Which Major Chains Opened New Stores in Bulgaria in 2019? - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency" (https://www.novinite.com/articles/199647/Which+Major+Chains+Opened+New+Stores+in+Bulgaria+in+2019%3F) . www.novinite.com . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) StyleDemocracy (12 July 2019). "8 Exciting International Brands Opening In Toronto in 2019" (https://www.styledemocracy.com/international-brands-toronto-2019/) . StyleDemocracy . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "XiMi – amateur Skating and skateboarding tournament" (https://www.pressreader.com/mongolia/the-ub-post/20190719/281775630742445) . UB Post (/wiki/UB_Post) . 19 July 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230719070204/https://www.pressreader.com/mongolia/the-ub-post/20190719/281775630742445) from the original on 19 July 2023 . Retrieved 8 August 2023 – via PressReader (/wiki/PressReader) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Gemar Koleksi Aksesori Korea, Rossa Resmi Join dengan Ximivogue" (https://www.medcom.id/gaya/community/VNno86jb-gemar-koleksi-aksesori-korea-rossa-resmi-join-dengan-ximivogue) . Gaya.id (in Indonesian). 27 September 2021 . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Retailer Produk Korean Design Ximivogue Hadir di Jakarta" (https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/93076/166/retailer-produk-korean-design-ximivogue-hadir-di-jakarta-1594109267) . SINDOnews Lifestyle (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.ximiso.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐kw862 Cached time: 20240626023911 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.386 seconds Real time usage: 0.490 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2339/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 54876/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1374/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 96708/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.247/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6664505/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 452.063 1 -total 45.42% 205.334 1 Template:Reflist 37.44% 169.247 23 Template:Cite_web 18.86% 85.241 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.18% 73.165 1 Template:Undisclosed_paid 16.15% 72.995 1 Template:Infobox 12.06% 54.505 1 Template:Ambox 11.08% 50.103 1 Template:Short_description 5.66% 25.592 2 Template:Pagetype 3.62% 16.377 9 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74388710-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626023911 and revision id 1231034850. 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English and Spanish costume designer (1940–2018) Excelentísima Señora (/wiki/The_Most_Excellent) Doña (/wiki/Don_(honorific)) Yvonne Blake MML (/wiki/Medal_of_Merit_in_Labour) Blake at the 31st Goya Awards (/wiki/31st_Goya_Awards) in 2017 Born Yvonne Ann Blake 17 April 1940 Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) , England Died 17 July 2018 (aged 78) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Spain Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1966–2011 Yvonne Ann Blake (17 April 1940 – 17 July 2018) was an English and Spanish costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . She is perhaps best known for creating the costumes for Richard Donner (/wiki/Richard_Donner) 's acclaimed superhero film Superman (/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)) (1978) and its sequel, Richard Lester (/wiki/Richard_Lester) 's Superman II (/wiki/Superman_II) (1980). She has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) two times, winning along with Antonio Castillo (/wiki/Antonio_Castillo_(costume_designer)) for their work on Nicholas and Alexandra (/wiki/Nicholas_and_Alexandra) (1971). Early life and education [ edit ] Blake was born in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) , England, on 17 April 1940. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) At 16, she won one-year scholarship to study art, design, and sculpture at the Manchester's Regional College of Art and then acquired an internship at London's costume house Bermans (/wiki/Angels_Costumes) . [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Career [ edit ] Blake began her career as an assistant costume designer at Hammer Film Productions (/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions) , working on the thriller drama film Never Take Sweets from a Stranger (/wiki/Never_Take_Sweets_from_a_Stranger) (1960) and the horror film The Shadow of the Cat (/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Cat) (1961). She received her first major screen credits for designing costumes in Daniel Mann (/wiki/Daniel_Mann) 's 1966 drama film Judith (/wiki/Judith_(1966_film)) , starring Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In the late 1960s, Blake worked for the first time in Spain. She created the wardrobes for Richard Quine (/wiki/Richard_Quine) 's 1969 Western (/wiki/Western_(genre)) comedy film A Talent for Loving (/wiki/A_Talent_for_Loving_(film)) , and while on the sets, she was introduced to the assistant director Gil Carretero, with whom she later married. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) In 1970, Hollywood film producer Sam Spiegel (/wiki/Sam_Spiegel) approached her to work with director Franklin J. Schaffner (/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner) to create the costumes for his epic period drama about the last czars of Russia, Nicholas and Alexandra (/wiki/Nicholas_and_Alexandra) (1971). Blake, then-29-year-old, signed on the project, which she recalled as the biggest challenge of her career. During extensive preparations for that large-scale production, she was in charge of several departments and caught in the middle of a creative team conflict. Blake felt extremely exhausted at the end of the filming and even considered quitting the profession altogether. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Despite various obstacles, her efforts, along with those of fellow collaborator Antonio Castillo (/wiki/Antonio_Castillo_(costume_designer)) , ultimately paid off, winning them the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Spanish Film Acadeny presidency [ edit ] In October 2016, Blake was elected president of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain (/wiki/Academy_of_Cinematographic_Arts_and_Sciences_of_Spain) . [5] (#cite_note-5) From that position, she fought to broaden the academy's horizons and encourage cooperation with international associations. Blake arranged a meeting between the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences) and its Spanish counterpart on the one-year anniversary of her election. She was also among the driving forces behind the Federation of Ibero-American Film Academies. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Blake suffered a stroke (/wiki/Stroke) in January 2018 and had been on medical leave from the presidency, with Mariano Barroso (/wiki/Mariano_Barroso) served as interim president in her absence. He was later elected in his own right in June of that year. [6] (#cite_note-6) Illness and death [ edit ] Blake died of complications from a stroke (/wiki/Stroke) in Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) on 17 July 2018, at age 78. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Major associations [ edit ] Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. 1971 (/wiki/44th_Academy_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Nicholas and Alexandra (/wiki/Nicholas_and_Alexandra) Won [9] (#cite_note-9) 1975 (/wiki/48th_Academy_Awards) The Four Musketeers (/wiki/The_Four_Musketeers_(1974_film)) Nominated [10] (#cite_note-10) BAFTA Awards (/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. British Academy Film Awards (/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards) 1971 (/wiki/25th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Nicholas and Alexandra (/wiki/Nicholas_and_Alexandra) Nominated [11] (#cite_note-11) 1973 (/wiki/27th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) Jesus Christ Superstar (/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar_(film)) Nominated [12] (#cite_note-12) 1974 (/wiki/28th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) The Three Musketeers (/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1973_live-action_film)) Nominated [13] (#cite_note-13) 1975 (/wiki/29th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) The Four Musketeers (/wiki/The_Four_Musketeers_(1974_film)) Nominated [14] (#cite_note-14) Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) 1987 Outstanding Costumes for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Costumes_for_a_Miniseries,_Movie,_or_Special) Casanova (/wiki/Casanova_(1987_film)) Nominated [15] (#cite_note-15) 2002 James Dean (/wiki/James_Dean_(2001_film)) Nominated Miscellaneous awards [ edit ] List of Yvonne Blake other awards and nominations Award Year Category Title Result Ref. Goya Awards (/wiki/Goya_Awards) 1988 (/wiki/3rd_Goya_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Rowing with the Wind (/wiki/Rowing_with_the_Wind) Won [16] (#cite_note-16) 1991 (/wiki/6th_Goya_Awards) Don Juan in Hell (/wiki/Don_Juan_in_Hell_(film)) Nominated [17] (#cite_note-17) 1992 (/wiki/7th_Goya_Awards) The Anonymous Queen (/wiki/The_Anonymous_Queen) Nominated [18] (#cite_note-18) 1994 (/wiki/9th_Goya_Awards) Cradle Song (/wiki/Cradle_Song_(1994_film)) Won [19] (#cite_note-19) 2003 (/wiki/18th_Goya_Awards) Carmen (/wiki/Carmen_(2003_Spanish_film)) Won [20] (#cite_note-20) 2004 (/wiki/19th_Goya_Awards) The Bridge of San Luis Rey (/wiki/The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey_(2004_film)) Won [21] (#cite_note-21) 2006 (/wiki/21st_Goya_Awards) Goya's Ghosts (/wiki/Goya%27s_Ghosts) Nominated [22] (#cite_note-22) Satellite Awards (/wiki/Satellite_Awards) 2007 (/wiki/12th_Satellite_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Goya's Ghosts (/wiki/Goya%27s_Ghosts) Nominated Saturn Awards (/wiki/Saturn_Awards) 1978 (/wiki/6th_Saturn_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Superman (/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)) Nominated Other honors [ edit ] Medal of Merit in Labour (/wiki/Medal_of_Merit_in_Labour) in Gold (Kingdom of Spain, 14 November 2011). [23] (#cite_note-23) National Cinematography Prize (Kingdom of Spain, 17 September 2012). [24] (#cite_note-24) See also [ edit ] List of Spanish Academy Award winners and nominees (/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Academy_Award_winners_and_nominees) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Gates, Anita (18 July 2018). "Yvonne Blake, Award-Winning Costume Designer, Is Dead at 78" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/obituaries/yvonne-blake-award-winning-costume-designer-is-dead-at-78.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 22 October 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Belinchón, Gregorio (17 July 2018). "Yvonne Blake, designer of 'Superman' costume, dies at 78" (https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/17/inenglish/1531837619_324864.html) . El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) . Madrid . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) "Yvonne Blake, Award-Winning Costume Designer, Is Dead at 78" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/08/17/yvonne-blake-costume-designer-superman-nicholas-alexandra/) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 17 August 2018 . Retrieved 22 October 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Núñez Jaime, Víctor (26 December 2012). "A survivor of the costume drama" (https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2012/12/26/inenglish/1356533718_608144.html) . El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) . Madrid . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Yvonne Blake, elegida nueva presidenta de la Academia de Cine" (https://www.larazon.es/cultura/yvonne-blake-elegida-nueva-presidenta-de-la-academia-de-cine-NG13732348/) . La Razón (/wiki/La_Raz%C3%B3n_(Madrid)) (in Spanish). 15 October 2016 . Retrieved 5 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Mariano Barroso, nuevo presidente de la Academia de Cine" (https://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2018-06-09/mariano-barroso-nuevo-presidente-de-la-academia-de-cine_1576482/) . El Confidencial (/wiki/El_Confidencial) (in Spanish). Titania Compañía Editorial, S.L. 9 June 2018 . Retrieved 26 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Muere Yvonne Blake, presidenta de Honor de la Academia de Cine" (https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20180717/45945621970/yvonne-blake-presidenta-honor-academia-cine.html) . La Vanguardia (/wiki/La_Vanguardia) (in Spanish). Barcelona. 17 July 2018 . Retrieved 18 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bartlett, Rhett (17 July 2018). "Yvonne Blake, 'Superman' Costume Designer, Dies at 78" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/yvonne-blake-dead-superman-costume-designer-was-78-1127634) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved 21 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "44th Academy Awards" (http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1972) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "48th Academy Awards" (http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1976) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "25th British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1972/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "27th British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1974/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "43rd British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1975/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "43rd British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1976/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Yvonne Blake - Emmy Awards, Nominations, and Wins" (https://www.emmys.com/bios/yvonne-blake) . Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS) . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Estás en la 3 edición de los Premios Goya (1989)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/3-edicion/premios/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Estás en la 6 edición de los Premios Goya (1992)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/6-edicion/nominaciones/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Estás en la 7 edición de los Premios Goya (1993)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/7-edicion/nominaciones/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Estás en la 9 edición de los Premios Goya (1995)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/9-edicion/premios/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Estás en la 18 edición de los Premios Goya (2004)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/18-edicion/premios/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Estás en la 19 edición de los Premios Goya (2005)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/19-edicion/premios/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Estás en la 21 edición de los Premios Goya (2007)" (https://www.premiosgoya.com/21-edicion/nominaciones/por-categoria/) (in Spanish). Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain . Retrieved 15 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Royal Decree 1643/2011, of November 14th, which awarded the Medal of Merit in Labour, in its Gold category, to Mrs. Yvonne Blake" (https://boe.es/boe/dias/2011/11/17/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-18007.pdf) (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado) (in Spanish). 17 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Order ECD/1980/2012, of September 17th, which awarded the National Cinematography Prize for 2012" (https://boe.es/boe/dias/2012/09/20/pdfs/BOE-A-2012-11819.pdf) (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado) (in Spanish). 20 September 2012 . Retrieved 27 April 2019 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yvonne Blake (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yvonne_Blake) . Yvonne Blake (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0086762/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Awards for Yvonne Blake v t e Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1948–1956 1948 (Black and white): Roger K. Furse (/wiki/Roger_K._Furse) / (Color): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) and Barbara Karinska (/wiki/Barbara_Karinska) 1949 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) / (c): Marjorie Best (/wiki/Marjorie_Best) , Leah Rhodes (/wiki/Leah_Rhodes) and William Travilla (/wiki/William_Travilla) 1950 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) / (c): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) , Elois Jenssen (/wiki/Elois_Jenssen) , Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) , Gwen Wakeling (/wiki/Gwen_Wakeling) 1951 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) /(c): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) , Walter Plunkett (/wiki/Walter_Plunkett) , Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1952 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Marcel Vertès (/wiki/Marcel_Vert%C3%A8s) 1953 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) , Emile Santiago (/wiki/Emile_Santiago) 1954 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Sanzo Wada (/wiki/Sanzo_Wada) 1955 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) 1956 (bw): Jean Louis (/wiki/Jean_Louis) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1957–1958 1957: Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) 1958: Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1959–1960 1959 (bw): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) / (c): Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1960 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Edward Stevenson (/wiki/Edward_Stevenson_(costume_designer)) / (c): Bill Thomas (/wiki/Bill_Thomas_(costume_designer)) and Arlington Valles (/wiki/Arlington_Valles) 1961–1966 1961 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1962 (bw): Norma Koch (/wiki/Norma_Koch) / (c): Mary Wills (/wiki/Mary_Wills_(costume_designer)) 1963 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Renié (/wiki/Reni%C3%A9) , Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) and Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1964 (bw): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) / (c): Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1965 (bw): Julie Harris (/wiki/Julie_Harris_(costume_designer)) / (c): Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1966 (bw): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) / (c): Joan Bridge (/wiki/Joan_Bridge) and Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1967–1980 1967: John Truscott (/wiki/John_Truscott) 1968: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1969: Margaret Furse (/wiki/Margaret_Furse) 1970: Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) 1971: Yvonne Blake and Antonio Castillo (/wiki/Antonio_Castillo_(costume_designer)) 1972: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1973: Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) 1974: Theoni V. Aldredge (/wiki/Theoni_V._Aldredge) 1975: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) and Ulla-Britt Söderlund (/wiki/Ulla-Britt_S%C3%B6derlund) 1976: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1977: John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1978: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1979: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1980: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1981–2000 1981: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 1982: Bhanu Athaiya (/wiki/Bhanu_Athaiya) and John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1983: Marik Vos-Lundh (/wiki/Marik_Vos-Lundh) 1984: Theodor Pištěk (/wiki/Theodor_Pi%C5%A1t%C4%9Bk_(artist)) 1985: Emi Wada (/wiki/Emi_Wada) 1986: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) and John Bright (/wiki/John_Bright_(costume_designer)) 1987: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1988: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1989: Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1990: Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) 1991: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1992: Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) 1993: Gabriella Pescucci (/wiki/Gabriella_Pescucci) 1994: Tim Chappel (/wiki/Tim_Chappel) and Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) 1995: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1996: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 1997: Deborah Lynn Scott (/wiki/Deborah_Lynn_Scott) 1998: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 1999: Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) 2000: Janty Yates (/wiki/Janty_Yates) 2001–2020 2001: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) and Angus Strathie (/wiki/Angus_Strathie) 2002: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2003: Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) and Richard Taylor (/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)) 2004: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2005: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2006: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2007: Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) 2008: Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) 2009: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2010: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2011: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2012: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2013: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) 2014: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2015: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2016: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2017: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2018: Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) 2019: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2020: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 2021–present 2021: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2022: Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) 2023: Holly Waddington (/wiki/Holly_Waddington) Black and White / Color separate (1948–1956, 1959–1966) v t e Goya Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1980s 1986: Gerardo Vera (/wiki/Gerardo_Vera) 1987: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1988: Yvonne Blake 1989: Montse Amenos and Isidro Prunes 1990s 1990: Rafael Palmero and Mercedes Sánchez 1991: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1992: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1993: Andrea D'Odorico 1994: Yvonne Blake 1995: Pablo Gago Montilla 1996: Pedro Moreno 1997: Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) 1998: Lala Huete and Sonia Grande (/wiki/Sonia_Grande) 1999: Pedro Moreno 2000s 2000: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 2001: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 2002: Lala Huete 2003: Yvonne Blake 2004: Yvonne Blake 2005: María José Iglesias 2006: Francesca Sartori 2007: Lena Mossum 2008: Lala Huete 2009: Gabriella Pescucci (/wiki/Gabriella_Pescucci) 2010s 2010: Tatiana Hernández 2011: Clara Bilbao 2012: Paco Delgado (/wiki/Paco_Delgado) 2013: Paco Delgado (/wiki/Paco_Delgado) 2014: Fernando García 2015: Clara Bilbao 2016: Paola Torres 2017: Saioa Lara 2018: Clara Bilbao 2019: Sonia Grande (/wiki/Sonia_Grande) 2020s 2020: Nerea Torrijos 2021: Vinyet Escobar 2022: Fernando García 2023: Julio Suárez Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000030376720) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/13843142) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc3FW4cT8WRxcWdbrw9jC) National Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4423954) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14080131x) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14080131x) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1028161824) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87922143) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1028161824.html?language=en) This biographical article related to film in the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yvonne_Blake&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐w42v8 Cached time: 20240721010539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.579 seconds Real time usage: 0.814 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3338/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 122394/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 26470/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 117412/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.336/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6389793/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 699.900 1 -total 28.10% 196.639 1 Template:Reflist 21.98% 153.852 20 Template:Cite_web 21.45% 150.125 1 Template:Navboxes 19.25% 134.763 1 Template:Academy_Award_Best_Costume_Design 16.52% 115.597 1 Template:Infobox_person 11.83% 82.788 1 Template:Short_description 11.58% 81.071 2 Template:Navbox 6.36% 44.533 2 Template:Pagetype 5.99% 41.926 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30026012-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721010539 and revision id 1224313105. 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Templates relating to clothing (/wiki/Clothing) . The pages listed in this category are templates (/wiki/Help:Template) . This page is part of Wikipedia's administration (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administration) and not part of the encyclopedia. Further template category notes This category (/wiki/Help:Category) contains pages in the template namespace (/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace) . It should not be used to categorize articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F) or pages in other namespaces (/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace) . To add a template to this category: If the template has a separate documentation page (usually called "Template: template name /doc"), add [[Category:Clothing templates]] to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of that page. Otherwise, add <noinclude>[[Category:Clothing templates]]</noinclude> to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐95jld Cached time: 20240720003207 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.062 seconds Real time usage: 0.082 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 174/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10536/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 82/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2640/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.036/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 760284/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 69.004 1 -total 100.00% 69.004 1 Template:Template_category 96.06% 66.285 1 Template:Cmbox 23.09% 15.930 1 Template:Unbulleted_list 2.55% 1.760 1 Template:Category_other 2.49% 1.715 1 Template:Yesno 2.07% 1.430 2 Template:Pad Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69263742-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720003207 and revision id 1055092946. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. Clothing navigational boxes (/wiki/Category:Clothing_navigational_boxes) ‎ (41 P) C Cross-dressing-related templates (/wiki/Category:Cross-dressing-related_templates) ‎ (1 C, 5 P) Pages in category "Clothing templates" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Template:Clothing and the environment (/wiki/Template:Clothing_and_the_environment) Template:Cotton sidebar (/wiki/Template:Cotton_sidebar) I Template:Infobox clothing item (/wiki/Template:Infobox_clothing_item) Template:Islamic female dress (/wiki/Template:Islamic_female_dress) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_templates&oldid=1055092946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_templates&oldid=1055092946) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion templates (/wiki/Category:Fashion_templates) Society and social science templates (/wiki/Category:Society_and_social_science_templates) Hidden category: Wikipedia template categories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template_categories)
American footwear company Dansko Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) / Employee Owned (/wiki/Employee_stock_ownership_plan) [1] (#cite_note-1) Industry Footwear Founders Peter Kjellerup and Mandy Cabot Headquarters West Grove, Pennsylvania (/wiki/West_Grove,_Pennsylvania) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Area served North America (/wiki/North_America) , Asia (/wiki/Asia) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , and New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) [2] (#cite_note-hunt-2) Key people Mandy Cabot, CEO Products Clogs (/wiki/Clogs) and other footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Number of employees 185 [3] (#cite_note-multi-3) Website dansko.com (http://dansko.com/) Dansko is a comfort footwear (/wiki/Footwear) company based in West Grove, Pennsylvania (/wiki/West_Grove,_Pennsylvania) . [4] (#cite_note-delaware-4) [5] (#cite_note-made-5) [6] (#cite_note-modern-6) Dansko was founded in 1990 by husband and wife team, Peter Kjellerup and Mandy Cabot. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) Most well known for its clogs (/wiki/Clogs) , Dansko also makes dress and casual shoes, sandals (/wiki/Sandals) , and boots (/wiki/Boot) . [7] (#cite_note-american-7) [6] (#cite_note-modern-6) [8] (#cite_note-8) History [ edit ] On a trip to Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) in the late 1980s, Mandy Cabot and Peter Kjellerup came across clogs that worked well for their equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) needs. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) [9] (#cite_note-aesf-9) The couple operated a farm where they worked as horse trainers (/wiki/Horse_trainer) and dressage instructors. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) After bringing back clogs for their farm staff on several trips to Denmark, Cabot and Kjellerup decided to establish Dansko in 1990. [4] (#cite_note-delaware-4) [5] (#cite_note-made-5) Dansko has since added several shoe styles, including sandals, boots, heels (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) , flats, and more types of clogs. [7] (#cite_note-american-7) Inc. Magazine named Dansko in its list of 500 fastest-growing private companies in 1999 and 2000. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2012, 80% of Dansko's shoes were made in China; 20% in Italy. In early years, the company worked with a Danish partner and manufactured shoes in Europe (including Poland). Beginning in 1995, the company attempted to manufacture some product in the US but challenges related to lack of expertise in the labor force were deemed insurmountable and much manufacturing was shifted to China. [12] (#cite_note-12) In an effort to increase operational efficiency, Dansko opened a new, larger facility with 46 Kiva (/wiki/Kiva_Systems) robots to assist with processing order fulfillment needs in November 2012. [3] (#cite_note-multi-3) [6] (#cite_note-modern-6) [9] (#cite_note-aesf-9) Also, at the new facility, distance walked by employees during a workday decreased. The Dansko Foundation, a non-profit run by employees, was founded in 2003. [13] (#cite_note-nccs-13) In 2005, Dansko launched its Employee Stock Ownership Plan (/wiki/Employee_Stock_Ownership_Plan) (ESOP), which fosters employee ownership. [6] (#cite_note-modern-6) [7] (#cite_note-american-7) The company was able to buy back all previously-issued stock and operate as a completely employee owned company by 2012. [6] (#cite_note-modern-6) [7] (#cite_note-american-7) In 2007, Dansko started selling beyond North America, with vendors in Australia, New Zealand, Asia and Europe. [2] (#cite_note-hunt-2) Dansko is sold at 2,500 retailers which include department stores, shoe stores, and online retailers. [14] (#cite_note-14) In July 2014, Dansko clogs were featured in a photo displaying the Normcore fashion trend alongside Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Today (/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)) Style featured Dansko's Trista clog as one of the most comfy shoes. [16] (#cite_note-16) In September 2014, Dansko was recognized on B Corp's "Best for Workers" list. [17] (#cite_note-17) Shoe features [ edit ] Dansko clogs feature anatomically (/wiki/Anatomy) contoured arch support (/wiki/Arch_support) , a rocker-bottom sole and a slightly raised heel. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) [18] (#cite_note-about-18) These features are meant to offer increased shock absorbency, extra stability and ease leg and back muscles of wearers who stand or walk for many hours a day. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) [9] (#cite_note-aesf-9) Dansko shoes are particularly popular with occupational professionals who spend most of the day on their feet, like teachers, chefs, and those in the medical field, but are also worn by others for comfort and support. [5] (#cite_note-made-5) Most Dansko shoes have the Seal of Acceptance from the American Podiatric Medical Association (/wiki/American_Podiatric_Medical_Association) (APMA) and many styles are slip-resistant. [18] (#cite_note-about-18) [19] (#cite_note-apma-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Footwear Plus Magazine has awarded Dansko with the "Plus Award" in the Women's Comfort category eight times. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Dansko Foundation [ edit ] The Dansko Foundation is a nonprofit corporation founded in 2003 to benefit philanthropy (/wiki/Philanthropy) , voluntarism (/wiki/Volunteering) , and grant (/wiki/Grant_(money)) making foundations. [13] (#cite_note-nccs-13) [23] (#cite_note-23) The Dansko Foundation is staffed by Dansko employees, who are given 20 hours of paid time off (/wiki/Paid_time_off) a year with which to volunteer. [7] (#cite_note-american-7) [24] (#cite_note-chester-24) Dansko also makes a charitable donation equal to the employee's salary for hours an employee volunteered. [24] (#cite_note-chester-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Certifications [ edit ] The Delaware Valley (/wiki/Delaware_Valley) Green Building Council (/wiki/Green_Building_Council) and the American Sustainable Business Council have recognized Dansko's environmental efforts. [4] (#cite_note-delaware-4) [7] (#cite_note-american-7) Both Dansko's headquarters and distribution center are LEED (/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design) certified buildings. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Dansko has been a B-Corporation certified company since December 2007. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) The American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA) has awarded many Dansko shoe styles its Seal of Acceptance, which recognizes products that promote quality foot health. [19] (#cite_note-apma-19) [30] (#cite_note-30) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Policy Points: Business Policies For a Sustainable Economy" (http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/02/policy-points-business-policies-sustainable-economy/) . Triple Pundit . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Little Clogs That Could" (http://thehuntmagazine.com/feature/2008/12/the-little-clogs-that-could/#axzz2uvKSBI1p) . The Hunt Magazine. December 2008 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dansko Puts Robots to Work In Its Distribution Center" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131215044138/http://multichannelmerchant.com/opsandfulfillment/warehouse/dansko-puts-robots-to-work-in-its-distribution-center-13082013/) . Multi Channel Merchant. Archived from the original (http://multichannelmerchant.com/opsandfulfillment/warehouse/dansko-puts-robots-to-work-in-its-distribution-center-13082013/) on December 15, 2013 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Dansko" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330034630/http://www.dvgbc.org/partners/sponsors/dansko) . Delaware Valley Green Building Council. Archived from the original (http://www.dvgbc.org/partners/sponsors/dansko) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Discovering a Danish Shoe: How Dansko Brought Clogs to Work" (http://www.madetomeasuremag.com/discovering-a-danish-shoe-how-dansko-brought-clogs-to-work) . Made To Measure. 15 August 2010 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Dansko: Distinctive distribution" (http://www.mmh.com/article/dansko_distinctive_distribution) . Modern Materials Handling . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Dansko" (http://asbcouncil.org/node/765) . American Sustainable Business Council . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why Dansko's Mandy Cabot Turned Down A $100m Offer from Timberland and Sold to Her Employees Instead" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestreptalks/2017/01/19/why-danskos-mandy-cabot-gave-up-a-100m-offer-for-her-shoe-company-and-sold-to-employees-instead/#2ebbaf6eafa5) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Dansko – Interesting Facts About The Popular Shoe Company" (http://www.aesf.org/dansko-interesting-facts-about-the-popular-shoe-company/) . Aesf . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Dansko" (http://www.inc.com/profile/dansko) . Inc . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Some Serious Footwear" (http://magazine.nd.edu/news/29474-some-serious-footwear/) . Notre Dame Magazine . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "U.S.-based Dansko struggles to produce shoes at home | National and International Business | heraldextra.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170211195647/http://www.heraldextra.com/business/national-and-international/u-s--based-dansko-struggles-to-produce-shoes-at/article_8a78a71d-5f92-5c32-9959-d877e71dd0ef.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.heraldextra.com/business/national-and-international/u-s--based-dansko-struggles-to-produce-shoes-at/article_8a78a71d-5f92-5c32-9959-d877e71dd0ef.html) on 2017-02-11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Dansko Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330034449/http://nccsdataweb.urban.org/orgs/profile/562306394?popup=1) . National Center for Charitable Statistics. Archived from the original (http://nccsdataweb.urban.org/orgs/profile/562306394?popup=1) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Dansko" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330051715/http://www.walkingonacloud.com/CompanyInfo/18-Dansko-Shoes.aspx) . Walking on a Cloud. Archived from the original (http://www.walkingonacloud.com/CompanyInfo/18-Dansko-Shoes.aspx) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Banal Plus" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140717205108/http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2014/07/normcore-fashion-craig-mcdean/photos/slide/4) . W Magazine. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2014/07/normcore-fashion-craig-mcdean/photos/slide/4) on 17 July 2014 . Retrieved 25 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Anderson, Kate (10 July 2014). "Cute shoes that won't kill your feet? We found 12 super-comfy styles" (http://www.today.com/style/cute-comfortable-shoes-sandals-heels-pumps-clogs-1D79887274) . Today Style . Retrieved 25 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Chhabra, Esha (16 September 2014). "B Corp's Best Places To Work For A Paycheck With A Higher Purpose" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/eshachhabra/2014/09/16/b-corps-best-places-to-work-for-a-paycheck-with-a-higher-purpose/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 25 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dansko Pro XP" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330064335/http://shoes.about.com/od/comfortable_shoe_brands/a/Dansko-Pro-Xp-Clogs.htm) . About. Archived from the original (http://shoes.about.com/od/comfortable_shoe_brands/a/Dansko-Pro-Xp-Clogs.htm) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dansko" (http://www.apma.org/Search/CategorizedSearchResults.cfm?keywords=Dansko&x=0&y=0) . American Podiatric Medical Association . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Why Dansko Clogs Are Pretty Much The Best Shoes In Existence" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/07/dansko-clogs_n_4556051.html) . Huffington Post. 7 January 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Winners" (http://www.footwearplusmagazine.com/articles/feature/2011/03/winners) . Footwear Plus Magazine. 4 March 2011 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "The Plus Awards" (http://www.footwearplusmagazine.com/articles/feature/2013/02/plus-awards) . Footwear Plus Magazine . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Dansko Shoes Review" (http://www.wanderingeducators.com/marketplace/apparel/dansko-shoes-review.html) . Wandering Educators. 5 January 2010 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dansko co-founder receives award" (http://www.chestercounty.com/2013/12/12/dansko-co-founder-receives-award) . Chester County Press . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "The Complete Sole" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330051822/http://shoesonsolano.com/the-season-of-giving-is-every-day-in-the-shoe-business/) . Shoes on Solano. Archived from the original (http://shoesonsolano.com/the-season-of-giving-is-every-day-in-the-shoe-business/) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Dansko" (http://www.usgbc.org/projects/dansko) . U.S. Green Building Council . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Dansko 796 Warehouse" (http://www.usgbc.org/projects/dansko-796-warehouse) . U.S. Green Building Council . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Emmy's Organics Shares Their Green Impact from Sri Lanka" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330052146/http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35874%3Aemmy-s-organics-shares-their-green-impact-from-sri-lanka&catid=311%3Avirtual-press-office&Itemid=448) . International Business & News. Archived from the original (http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35874:emmy-s-organics-shares-their-green-impact-from-sri-lanka&catid=311:virtual-press-office&Itemid=448) on March 30, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Dansko" (http://www.bcorporation.net/community/dansko) . B Corporation . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Seal of Acceptance/Approval Program" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140415152405/http://www.apma.org/learn/content.cfm?ItemNumber=1108&navItemNumber=542) . American Podiatric Medical Association. Archived from the original (http://www.apma.org/learn/content.cfm?ItemNumber=1108&navItemNumber=542) on April 15, 2014 . Retrieved March 29, 2014 . 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British editor and writer Penny Martin Born 1972 (age 51–52) Glasgow Nationality British Education Madras College (/wiki/Madras_College) Alma mater Glasgow University (/wiki/Glasgow_University) Manchester University (/wiki/Manchester_University) Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) Occupation(s) Magazine editor, journalist, curator Title Editor-in-chief, The Gentlewoman (/wiki/The_Gentlewoman_(magazine)) Awards 2016 BSME (/wiki/BSME) Editor of the Year award for Women’s Brand Penny Martin is an editor, writer, and curator. As of 2009 she is the editor-in-chief of the women’s magazine The Gentlewoman (/wiki/The_Gentlewoman_(magazine)) . Early life and education [ edit ] Penny Martin grew up in St Andrews (/wiki/St_Andrews) and was educated at Madras College (/wiki/Madras_College) . Her interest in art was cultivated by her mother and stepfather who worked as an art teacher and a history teacher and theatre critic respectively. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Martin graduated from Glasgow University (/wiki/Glasgow_University) with a degree in art history in addition to completing a course in museum studies at Manchester University (/wiki/Manchester_University) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She pursued doctoral studies at the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) . [4] (#cite_note-Ahwa-4) Career [ edit ] Prior to her work in fashion, Martin worked part-time at the Fawcett Library (/wiki/Women%27s_Library) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She also worked as a curator of photographs in the collections of The National Museum of Photography, Film & Television (/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her media career started in 2001 after Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) invited her to work as editor of SHOWstudio.com (/wiki/SHOWstudio.com) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Over seven years there, she commissioned and executed interactive, motion and live fashion projects for the Internet. Martin collaborated with many figures in fashion and design, including Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) , Peter Saville (/wiki/Peter_Saville_(graphic_designer)) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) and the estate of Erwin Blumenfeld (/wiki/Erwin_Blumenfeld) . In 2008, Martin returned to academia as the Chair of Fashion Media at London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) , University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) . She curated two exhibitions there during 2009, at The Photographers’ Gallery and at Somerset House. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She is a member of the development committee of Studio Voltaire and a trustee of the National Trust for Scotland. The Gentlewoman [ edit ] When Jop van Bennekom and Gert Jonkers, the Dutch founder-owners of men’s magazines BUTT and Fantastic Man , wanted to establish a women's magazine, they invited Martin to join them. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The Gentlewoman launched in 2010. [4] (#cite_note-Ahwa-4) "With a publication that's produced by as few people as ours," she explained about The Gentlewoman , "you can take a lot of risks, so of course it's going to be about your personal tastes." [7] (#cite_note-7) Martin is also a regular contributor to Fantastic Man and The Happy Reader . [8] (#cite_note-8) Awards [ edit ] In 2016, Martin received the British Society of Magazine Editors (/wiki/BSME) Editor of the Year award in the Women’s Brand – Monthly or Less Frequent category. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Getting to know Penny Martin, The Gentlewoman - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9869900/Getting-to-know-Penny-Martin-The-Gentlewoman.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 10 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fischer, Molly (30 October 2018). "Our Lady of Immaculate Taste" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/10/penny-martin-the-gentlewoman.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Penny Martin is One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2017" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/penny-martin) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 10 March 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dan Ahwa, "How The Gentlewoman's Editor-In-Chief Penny Martin Is Redefining 'Women's' Magazines" (http://www.viva.co.nz/article/fashion/the-gentlewoman-penny-martin/) Viva (July 25, 2018). ^ (#cite_ref-:1_5-0) "penny martin: the gentlewoman | The Fifth Sense | i-D" (https://thefifthsense.i-d.co/en_us/article/penny-martin/) . The Fifth Sense . Retrieved 10 March 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "BSME Awards 2016 - magCulture" (http://magculture.com/bsme-awards-2016/) . magCulture . 16 November 2016 . Retrieved 7 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Steve Watson, "Getting Personal with Penny Martin" (https://www.stackmagazines.com/women/getting-personal-penny-martin/) Stack Magazine (March 2014). ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Profile: Penny Martin" (https://www.semipermanent.com/profiles/penny-martin) Semi-Permanent . External links [ edit ] Matthew Schneier, "Independent Women: Penny Martin" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a795/independent-women-penny-martin-rr11/) Harper's Bazaar (September 5, 2011). Violet Sessions Episode 3 – Penny Martin (November 2016), a podcast interview with Martin, by Claire Ptak (/wiki/Claire_Ptak) . Good Morning Scotland (23 November 2016). 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< Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) hide Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Project‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. This is an archive (/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page) of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) . Archive 1 Archive 2 (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_2) Archive 3 (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_3) → Archive 5 (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_5) This page is an Archive of the discussions from WikiProject Fashion talk page (Discussion page) (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) . (January 2007 - December 2007) - Please Do not edit! Welcome! Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 18:46, 14 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-03-14T18:46:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-14T18:46:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-03-14T18:46:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cosmetics-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cosmetics&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cosmetics&quot;} Cosmetics __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cosmetics-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics","timestamp":"2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cosmetics-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cosmetics&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cosmetics&quot;} Take a look at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Cosmetics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Cosmetics) , maybe that should be made a subproject or something, and thanks, Jen! Chris (/wiki/User:Kintetsubuffalo) 00:45, 19 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z","author":"Kintetsubuffalo","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Kintetsubuffalo-2007-03-19T00:45:00.000Z-Cosmetics","replies":[],"displayName":"Chris"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Some introductory thoughts and impressions&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Some introductory thoughts and impressions&quot;} Some introductory thoughts and impressions __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions","timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Some introductory thoughts and impressions&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Some introductory thoughts and impressions&quot;} After deciding I would take this project more seriously and going through articles doing inventory and assessment, I have some general observations about things to consider down the line. First, generally, as myself and Calliopejen have observed, the existing coverage of fashion here is just terrible. I have given out very few B-classes so far, and I think all of them were because other projects had so tagged them. We, and future editors on this project, have a lot of work to do. Biographies especially are in poor shape, with very few references and a lot of promotional-sounding text. There was only so much of this I could stand to wade through at a time. The other thing was the scope we're dealing with here. Fashion simply reaches into so many other subjects − history, culture etc. We need more editors, and the sooner the better. This would easily be the vastest WikiProject I've signed on to, requiring editors familiar with so many other subjects. We need to reach out to the other projects. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 18:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Some_introductory_thoughts_and_impressions","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Possible future divisions of responsibility&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Possible future divisions of responsibility&quot;} Possible future divisions of responsibility __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Possible future divisions of responsibility&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Possible future divisions of responsibility&quot;} I see us eventually developing task forces and/or working groups within this once we have enough people. Here are some possible ways of dividing things up. First, borrow from the usual divisions of labor at fashion magazines: Accessories : Bags, jewelry etc. Beauty : This could bring in the proposed Cosmetics project, plus we could cover hair and skin and nails as well. Menswear and Womenswear : There are many ways to divide types of garments, but this seems to be the oldest and most reliable. I won't even get into what kind of further subdivisions are available; we'll cross that bridge when we come to it. Some people might also consider a sort of "living" or "lifestyles"-type working group/task force, but I think interiors and decoration probably merits a separate project entirely. Now some peculiar to Wikipedia: Biographies . We must see at WP:BIO (/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO) if their Arts and Entertainment working group would be interested in setting up a fashion task force, which would be identical with biography TF/WG. History . Some of the better articles I've come across are ones about fashions of historical eras. This merits a subgrouping. Ethnic/national/cultural . I can also see developing articles on the clothing styles of these human subgroups; they would deserve special attention. Publications . Print and electronic media that cover fashion and are sufficiently notable (/wiki/Wikipedia:WEB) in the latter instance. Popular culture . Another rich subtopic. We have categories for fashion movies (thanks to me) and fashion-related TV shows. I just created Category:Songs about fashion (/w/index.php?title=Category:Songs_about_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) today and populated it with about a dozen entries. Feel free to add more (and create one for " Dedicated Follower of Fashion (/wiki/Dedicated_Follower_of_Fashion) " while you're at it ... I would rate that one of high importance since it captures a particularly important fashion moment). I will be folding all three of them from the top fashion cat into something like "fashion in popular culture" later. We should also add a cat for fiction set in the fashion world, although I can't imagine yet what we have that would go in it other than The Devil Wears Prada (novel) (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(novel)) yet. Business . Covering companies that make and sell fashion, as well as any labels made by companies other than ones bearing the company or designer's name. We would want to work with the retailing project (/wiki/Wikipedia:RETAIL) here. Education . Fashion training programs and schools like Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) . Photography . For taking pictures (see discussion below). Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 18:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Possible_future_divisions_of_responsibility","replies":["c-PKM-2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z"]}} Agree . This seems like an excellent categorization to me. I'd like to avoid endless arguing about taxonomy - there is always more than one approach - s0 if we can get consensus early on then maybe we can avoid that. PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 18:59, 31 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-03-31T18:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Infoboxes-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Infoboxes&quot;,&quot;c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Infoboxes&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Infoboxes&quot;} Infoboxes __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Infoboxes-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Infoboxes","c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes","timestamp":"2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Infoboxes-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Infoboxes&quot;,&quot;c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Infoboxes&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Infoboxes&quot;} Two issues I can see: First, a parameter should be added to {{ Infobox Fashion Designer (/wiki/Template:Infobox_Fashion_Designer) }} for the designer's logo, per many other infoboxes, since it's often a very integral part of the brand (think Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) or Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) ). Second, we might need some other infoboxes to cover the sort of things we'll do lots of articles about that aren't yet covered by infoboxes. Clothing labels, for instance. If there isn't one for fabrics, there should be (the textile arts project would also benefit from that). And maybe we could even come up with one for individual garment types. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 18:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Infoboxes) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Infoboxes","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-11T16:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z"]}} I think a parameter should be added to {{ Infobox Model (/wiki/Template:Infobox_Model) }} for the model's agency. The tricky part is that models work all over the world and thus almost all of them are in several agencies, one being their "primary". We could also add a "former agencies" parameter since the turnover between them is common practice and it's still relevant information. Besides, it would be good to have a common style for all of the fashion templates as for the moment they're all pretty different and thus look very unprofessional. (I could do that) Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 16:36, 11 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-11T16:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-11T16:36:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-11T16:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I recently prepared a Stub-class article on the discontinued Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) product subseries Electric Youth by Debbie Gibson (/wiki/Electric_Youth_(fragrance)) , co-developed by Deborah Gibson (/wiki/Deborah_Gibson) with Revlon staff chemists in 1988 and marketed during 1989, and found a need for an Infobox on cosmetics/perfumery products. Recommend a task group to define the data needed for such an Infobox and proceed with a Template for the same. - B.C.Schmerker (/wiki/User:Schmerker120) 15:03, 7 May 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z","author":"Schmerker120","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Schmerker120-2007-05-07T15:03:00.000Z-Infoboxes","replies":[],"displayName":"B.C.Schmerker"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Naming conventions and notability threshold&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Naming conventions and notability threshold&quot;} Naming conventions and notability threshold __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold","timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Naming conventions and notability threshold&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Naming conventions and notability threshold&quot;} We need to decide on these, particularly the latter, before we find ourselves in some ugly AFDs. How deep do we want our coverage to be, and how deep should it be? Do we want articles about each individual designer's collections? Each season's collections? Or will "YEAR in fashion" do for that? And how do we name these? I suggest again we initiate discussion over WP:N (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) at least on the first issue before we even begin to get to the second. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 18:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Naming_conventions_and_notability_threshold","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Images-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Images&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Images&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Images&quot;} Images __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Images-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Images"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Images-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Images&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Images&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Images&quot;} There is a big issue here. Obviously, we can't have an effective fashion project without pictures. There are lots of good pictures out there. But at the same time, almost all of them are going to be considered replaceable fair use and thus we can't use them. We need a source of free pictures. We're probably going to have to take a lot of pictures ourselves. Anyone willing to model things? And over and above that, fashion creates an issue. It's copyrighted creative work. Panorama freedom (/wiki/Freedom_of_panorama) in the U.S. allows for the photographing of clothing without making the photograph a derivative work (/wiki/Derivative_work) , but this is not the rule in some other countries. We may thus not be able to upload images to the Commons due to the third-party copyrights. Also, what about photographs of clothing on mannequins? Even if they're cast from real models, I would imagine there's still some creative art involved and they are thus covered by {{ statue (/wiki/Template:Statue) }} . And the original model retains personality rights (/wiki/Personality_rights) over their likeness (although that hasn't been a problem here). I'll ask about this over at WP:FU (/wiki/Wikipedia:FU) . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 18:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Images) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-Images","replies":["c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-1"]}} I agree that there are some intellectual property issues with fashion images that need to be resolved. However, I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "it's copyrighted creative work." Certainly, fashion photographs are copyrighted. But in the U.S. at least, fashion designs are not copyrightable. Certain parts of designs can be trademarked, like logos or distinctive stitching (think Levi's back pockets) that identify the brand of a product. Even still, it is in no way a violation of a trademark to photograph an item bearing that trademark for display/description of the product. (This is the same way you can legally take a photograph of a Coke bottle bearing the Coca-Cola trademark, even if a competitor cannot put a Coke logo on their product.) The design of an item of clothing, even if it is expressive, is not protected by U.S. copyright law, and this is why H&M and others can blatantly (and legally) copy runway designs in their products. Furthermore, I don't think that the design of a mannequin would be considered "creative" enough to warrant U.S. copyright protection. I can't comment on copyright/trademark law outside the U.S. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 22:38, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z"]}} I stand corrected ... fashion design is currently not eligible for copyright (I was probably confused by a discussion that took place in summer 2005 when those of us who had uploaded pictures of statues or sculptures were told we had to change to the statue template ... someone said there was an exception for architecture and fashion, which led me to believe it was copyrightable). However, according to the U.S. Copyright Office, the industry has long been trying to change that [1] (https://www.copyright.gov/docs/regstat072706.html) , for the very reason you mention (although my understanding is the cheap knockoffs you see at middle market stores carry their own caveat emptor problems — you can imitate the exterior look and colors of clothing from runway photos, but you can't figure out the fabric type or the stitching quite so easily that way — that have thus far deterred Congress from enacting such protections), using the law that extended copyright protection to vessel hulls as precedence (Interesting. What does this mean for our pictures of boats?) According to Donna Karan's former assistant Josh Patner in Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) [2] (http://www.slate.com/id/2113109/) , it seems, there is that inherent defense against effective copying (plus the short innovation cycle) [3] (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1434815) , but some designs are patented and it's possible that some could be trademarked. But photographs of patented designs or trademarked creations cannot inherently infringe as they would copyrights, is my understanding. The copyright office says the industry has been trying to change this because they feel knockoffs like the " Prada (/wiki/Prada) " bags you can have for $25 or so apiece on the streets of Lower Manhattan (/wiki/Lower_Manhattan) Sundays are causing them economic harm. The copyright office says it wants to see evidence that knockoff clothing designs, as opposed to accessories, cause economic harm before it supports changing the law, and it hasn't yet. The longstanding reason for not doing so was that clothing was "useful articles" for which copyright protections are historically limited only to those features not serving a utilitarian purpose. However, fashion designs are chock full of features added purely for aesthetic affect, and with the increased economies of scale involved in mass trademark counterfeit these days [4] (http://www.washingtontimes.com/business/20060727-103421-5039r.htm) , they may just get Congress to change the law. They would want only a three-year term, though. (Apparently the EU has had such laws since 1998 [5] (http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2006_spr/sprigman.htm) , so we do have the Commons issue unless it's coverd by panorama freedom as well) So, while we're in the clear now, we may not be in the future, and we need to be aware of that possibility and have a plan for how to deal with it. One way we could probably do so is an article: Copyright status of fashion design (/w/index.php?title=Copyright_status_of_fashion_design&action=edit&redlink=1) . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:38, 27 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z","replies":[]}} One fair-use issue I think is important, that is much less easy to resolve, is images of models. Wikipedia policy, as it is currently being applied, is to remove commercially-produced images as replaceable fair use, and I'm not sure whether I agree with this (even though I've been tagging violating images). Although one can argue that such images merely are being used to show what the model looks like, they are also being used to show what the model looks like when modeling , which is different. A picture of Coco Rocha on the street is not the same as Coco Rocha being photographed by a fashion photographer, and no such image would ever be free. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 22:38, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-03-26T18:34:00.000Z-1","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-1"]}} Commercially-produced images per se are not the problem. They would be OK if the copyright owner released all rights, released them into the public domain (see this photo of Stevie Nicks (/w/index.php?title=File:Ph-10082.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1) ) or relicensed them under CC or GFDL, and some of us have made efforts to convince such copyright owners to do so. The issue that's creating this misconception (and I think that misconception is one of the many unpleasant unintended consequences the architects of this more strict fair-use policy didn't foresee, except some who I suspect of having this covert agenda to restore what they felt was Wikipedia's "amateurish charm" .. yes, one actually said that) is that copyrighted works are less tolerable off the fair-use whitelist if you can't demonstrate that they're not easy to replace, and most of the pictures we would want to use will not make the cut. So we will need to either wheedle a lot of copyright holders into giving up their pictures (not an easy thing to do in fashion, where photographs, at least recent ones, are valuable assets) or take our own. The issue of photos of models modeling is a good one, a very fine line exists there, and I think you'd be OK using fair-use images of a model who's no longer active (unrepeatable historical event) but not a current one, as it could be argued that it is possible to get accredited to shoot pictures at a show or obtain free ones from someone who is (the saving grace being that they can release or relicense a lower-resolution version to us while still retaining copyright on a high-res one, the real money maker). As for mannequins, yeah, there isn't creative work involved in duplicating a face with a cast. But IIRC the mannequin dressers usually paint the features and do their hair in a particular way, then pose and dress them and I'd say they could claim that constitutes a level of creativity high enough to make the mannequin eligible for the same copyright protections as publicly displayed three-dimensional art. Perhaps more so since it has a direct commercial purpose. I wouldn't agree, but I'm not a judge and I can't speak for anyone who is. Let's see what they say at Fair Use. However I think featureless forms on which clothing is displayed could not be claimed to be copyrighted, so we'd be safe there. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:38, 27 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-27T03:38:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-03-26T22:38:00.000Z-1","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Question_about_shows-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Question about shows&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Question about shows&quot;} Question about shows __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Question_about_shows-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows","timestamp":"2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Question_about_shows-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Question about shows&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Question about shows&quot;} Considering how lambasted we were by a fashion expert in a British paper a few years ago, it's good to see we're finally on the right track. My question is, would this new community mind suggesting fashion shows and events to send photographers and journalists to? (We presumably need to work our way up over time [I've heard about the one foot spaces photographers have to stand on at some shows], starting small, but remember that we are the 10th most visited site in the world, I'm sure that gives us some miniscule bit of clout.) Any continent, any designer, whatever. I've had innumerable success finding photographers for the few event Wikinews has got into, many of the photographers better suited to runway than red carpet. -- Zanimum (/wiki/User:Zanimum) 15:34, 27 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z","author":"Zanimum","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Zanimum-2007-03-27T15:34:00.000Z-Question_about_shows","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Some articles you might want to take under your wing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Some articles you might want to take under your wing&quot;} Some articles you might want to take under your wing __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","c-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","timestamp":"2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__10__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__5__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;,&quot;c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Some articles you might want to take under your wing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Some articles you might want to take under your wing&quot;} Hello, glad to see your project in operation. I can see you've got lots to do but at some point you might want to look at the following: Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) (a stub I created) Added to project and rated as of top importance since it's a major apparel category Stone Island (/wiki/Stone_Island) , an article about an Italian label that has had a lot of unsourced opinion about football hooliganism (/wiki/Football_hooliganism) added to it As a clothing label, it belongs so it's been added. Chav (/wiki/Chav) , about a stereotype, touches on fashions, an article that needs continual attention to keep it within the bounds of reason, you might decide it doesn't fall in the scope of your project but the more sensible people look at it the better Yeah, this is a famously touchy article. I see no project wants to touch it, and frankly I don't think we should go first. If the fashion section gets separately spun off (and I think that article would be best split up to reduce the POV problems that regularly crop up), then we can take it. Goth (/wiki/Goth_subculture) , and there are lots of other stereotype, youth cult articles - actually a lot are listed at Chav. Gothic fashion (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) is already in the project. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:24, 28 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-03-28T03:24:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","replies":[]}} Best wishes. Itsmejudith (/wiki/User:Itsmejudith) 21:39, 27 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z","author":"Itsmejudith","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","replies":["c-Eagle_Owl-2007-03-31T21:11:00.000Z-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z"]}} Thought you may like to take on Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) in your project. She may be suitable as she has launched her own swim ware range, also been the face of Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder) , notable for wearing Versace (/wiki/Versace) and known worldwide. If I think of anymore I'll post something here. Eagle Owl (/wiki/User:Eagle_Owl) 21:11, 31 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Eagle_Owl-2007-03-31T21:11:00.000Z-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-31T21:11:00.000Z","author":"Eagle Owl","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-03-31T21:11:00.000Z-Itsmejudith-2007-03-27T21:39:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Of course we want to take her on. Also, thanks for other links ... Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) had not yet been tagged. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) Just thought of a few more articles. Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) had her own line I think called VB Rocks (/wiki/VB_Rocks) and is generally reported on her style of fashion, also I noticed that jeans (/wiki/Jeans) were not tagged. Just some thoughts. Eagle Owl (/wiki/User:Eagle_Owl) 14:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z","author":"Eagle Owl","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z"]}} All three done. Feel free to tag them yourself if you find more. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:33, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T14:11:00.000Z","replies":["c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z"]}} Well I'm often not sure and wouldn't like to place a false or wrong rating so I just leave it to people who have seen more of a variety of fashion articles :). Speaking of that, I've found two more! Leonard Lauder (/wiki/Leonard_Lauder) and Valentino (/wiki/Valentino) . If i'm very sure of an article I can rate then I'll tag it. Regards. Eagle Owl (/wiki/User:Eagle_Owl) 19:36, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z","author":"Eagle Owl","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:33:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z"]}} Thanks for your help! FYI if you just put {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} on the talk page, you don't need to assign any ratings. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 19:47, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-03T19:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-04T13:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z"]}} Ah Ok! I'll have to do that in future! Thanks. Eagle Owl (/wiki/User:Eagle_Owl) 13:48, 4 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-04T13:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-04T13:48:00.000Z","author":"Eagle Owl","type":"comment","level":7,"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-04T13:48:00.000Z-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:47:00.000Z","replies":[]}} User:The Anome (/wiki/User:The_Anome) just created List of fashion topics (/wiki/List_of_fashion_topics) , which is helpful for finding articles to tag and for finding topics that haven't yet been written. Not sure if we would need this sort of list once our coverage gets better and everything is organized in categories, but for now it could be a great resource. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 19:03, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T19:03:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","replies":[]}} I've tagged Sloane street in london as its a place where a lot of designers have their boutiques, could be relevant? Krishansood1991 (/wiki/User:Krishansood1991) 13:58, 8 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z","author":"Krishansood1991","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Krishansood1991-2007-07-08T13:58:00.000Z-Some_articles_you_might_want_to_take_under_your_wing","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-History_of_clothing-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;,&quot;c-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;,&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;History of clothing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;History of clothing&quot;} History of clothing __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-History_of_clothing-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","c-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","timestamp":"2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-History_of_clothing-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;,&quot;c-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;,&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;History of clothing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;History of clothing&quot;} There was an edit war some months ago over categorization of historical clothing articles as History of fashion (/wiki/History_of_fashion) vs. History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing) . We more or less forced through a compromise which I suggested ( details here (/wiki/Talk:History_of_Western_fashion) ), which I am less than happy with now, as it seems very convoluted. Since we are a small editorial team, I am quite willing to defer this entire discussion until a later time (perhaps handing it over to a dedicated History sub-team per Daniel's suggestion). But some food for thought: Should articles like Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) and Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) be tagged for this project? I've reviewed them both and added and assessed them. My take on the project scope is that every garment type belongs, whether they're of purely historical interest or not. The farthingale is an essential part of that huge poofy dress look, even if such items are not used to create that poofiness today. The chemise is still in existence as the article notes (you should have a section on, and photo of, a chemise dress. And nothing in fashion every really dies, does it? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:12, 1 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-History_of_clothing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z"]}} I think we need "clothing by era" overview articles a la Victorian fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) for Medieval, Baroque, Roccoco, Renaissance, etc., as those are the categories fashion historians use. I may tackle these next. Yes, good idea. Consider how the cuisine articles (/wiki/Category:Cuisine) are organized ... if medieval cuisine (/wiki/Medieval_cuisine) is going to be an upcoming Main Page FA, we should definitely see a corresponding medieval fashion article. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:12, 1 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-01T03:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Does anyone still active think we should NOT categorize the earlier History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) series articles as Category:History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) ? Right now, they are so tagged after 1750 and not before, with one exception. (I wish I had had James Laver's comment that fashion as we know it arose in the 14th century handy when that edit war was on.) - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:13, 31 March 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z-History_of_clothing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-03-31T19:13:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","replies":[]}} I wasn't around when the original discussion was going on, but reading thru the discussion it doesn't seem like even what was decided on has been implemented. As a newcomer to the fashion category I found the scheme to be very confusing, especially because I still have no idea how Category:History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) and Category:History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) are being divided. Some time periods are in one, and some are in the other, but not in the way decided in the discussion or in any systematic way as far as i can tell. Also, some of the history of fashion subcategories include things besides clothes (e.g. Category:1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) contains big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) , etc.) so it doesn't really make sense to put them in a history of clothing category. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 18:43, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-04-03T18:43:00.000Z-History_of_clothing","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Our_first_featured_article-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Our first featured article&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Our first featured article&quot;} Our first featured article __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Our_first_featured_article-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article","timestamp":"2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Our_first_featured_article-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Our first featured article&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Our first featured article&quot;} I was looking at the FA log and noticed that Wonderbra (/wiki/Wonderbra) had been promoted last week, so even though we had nothing to do with it as a project I tagged it so we at least have one FA within our scope. Something to shoot for. Yes, it'll be even sweeter when we get one up there ourselves. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:40, 3 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-03T16:40:00.000Z-Our_first_featured_article","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Mass_tagging-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;,&quot;c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mass tagging&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Mass tagging&quot;} Mass tagging __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Mass_tagging-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","timestamp":"2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Mass_tagging-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;,&quot;c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mass tagging&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Mass tagging&quot;} I've been tagging tons of articles using AWB (/wiki/AWB) just based on the categories they're in. If I end up tagging articles you think don't belong, don't hesitate to remove the tag. Calliopejen (/w/index.php?title=User:Calliopejen&action=edit&redlink=1) 16:01, 4 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z-Mass_tagging) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen-2007-04-04T16:01:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","replies":[]}} Oh no, just as I was slapping myself on the back for assessing all the unassessed fashion articles. How Sisyphean (/wiki/Sisyphus) ... " When at last the work is done/Don't sit down it's time to dig another one (/wiki/Breathe_(Pink_Floyd_Song)) ". All the same this is sorely needed. I have been coming across articles every day that should be tagged. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 17:07, 4 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z-Mass_tagging) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-04T17:07:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","replies":[]}} Just thought I'd let you know that I've tagged a load of articles to do with fashion for your project. Thanks and hope it's helpful. Eagle Owl (/wiki/User:Eagle_Owl) 16:37, 6 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z","author":"Eagle Owl","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Eagle_Owl-2007-04-06T16:37:00.000Z-Mass_tagging","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Models_Categories-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z-Models_Categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Models Categories&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Models Categories&quot;} Models Categories __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Models_Categories-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z-Models_Categories","c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories","timestamp":"2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__6__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Models_Categories-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z-Models_Categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Models Categories&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Models Categories&quot;} I've been discussing an issue with Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) about the relevance of the models categories. The models by nationality as it is for the moment isn't satisfactory at all. A bunch of people with little link to fashion are featured there, simply because being a "model" is a pretty vague nomination. As I stated during our discussion, for example in the French models category you find mostly actresses that might have done some modeling long ago, a few fashion models, a male actor and several pornstars. It would make a lot more sense to create new categories focusing on the type of modeling one has done, for instance "fashion models", "glamour models", "nude models", etc... I would also add to that that I think we should only consider as models people for which modeling is/was the primary occupation or was the way they became famous. Otherwise, I'm quite certain that pretty much everyone in the entertainment industry could be considered a model one way or another. Thanks for your input. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 17:30, 11 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z-Models_Categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z-Models_Categories","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z"]}} As I said on your talk page, I think it's an excellent idea to create an additional category tree, something like "Models by type", because we can clearly distinguish between models who just posed for photographers and models who walk down runways (the latter is not a skill every model possesses). And once we get the project really going, I think we can set some standards for who counts as a model ... you're right that if we define it as ever have done any modeling, a lot of out and out actresses would be in the category whom no one would consider "models", at least not today. Maybe they can be part of the notability guidelines I hope to have. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 00:18, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:19:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z"]}} Well I guess I'm starting now then. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 16:19, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:19:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T16:19:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:19:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-12T00:18:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I agree that models by type is a good idea, as well as notability standards. Though this is a little more questionable (and might be overcategorizing), it might be helpful also to have a third sorting by date of birth. I haven't noticed other professions doing this, but since models typically have such a short and consistent age at which they work this would help people find what they're looking for. E.g. if I was looking for models working now, I would probably check out the 1980s section, and maybe the 1990s section for super-young girls. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 16:22, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-11T17:30:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-12T23:44:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z"]}} Hmm well, it might be a tad overcategorizing indeed :) Not doubting the interest of it, but I don't think it would be a priority right now. Anyways, I wanted to tell you that I began working a new category system and found an easier way to do it : looking closely at it I realized that there was already an "Adult models by nationality" section with all its subfolders, so I simply added a "Fashion models by nationality". It's relevant enough and leaves enough "normal" models to be interesting. So now we have "models", "adult models" (even if a lot of those are still listed as normal models) and "fashion models", which is a lot more accurate of a classification. And they're still all categorized by country. I'm far from finished, and I might miss some of them (hard to know the name of every fashion model around) but I'm hopeful. Now we could still add a "glamour models by nationality" but I don't think I'd have the patience :) Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 23:44, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-12T23:44:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T23:44:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-12T23:44:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:22:00.000Z","replies":[]}} finished . I just finished the new " Fashion models by nationality (/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_models_by_nationality&action=edit&redlink=1) " classification. There are 56 new categories in it. It's certainly not flawless but I hope people will add/remove models to it by themselves now. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 18:09, 13 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-13T18:09:00.000Z-Models_Categories","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-new_template-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z-new_template&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;new template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;new template&quot;} new template __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-new_template-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z-new_template"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-new_template-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z-new_template&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;new template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;new template&quot;} I just made a new template, {{ style.com (/wiki/Template:Style.com) }} , for linking to style.com collections. It was inspired by the handy {{ imdb title (/wiki/Template:Imdb_title) }} template that lets you link to imdb titles in a standardized way. I figured that since most designers' pages are (or should be) linked to style.com (/wiki/Style.com) , this would be a good way to do it. If anyone has any objections to using style.com in particular, let me know... I picked style.com over vogue.co.uk or elle.com because it's the most popular according to alexa and is very complete in general (with the notable exception of Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) these past couple seasons after they got a bad review and barred Vogue reporters from their shows....). If someone wants to redo the template to add optional parameters for the collections at other sites, have at it! I have no idea what I'm doing with templates so this is my best for now. :) Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 16:08, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z-new_template) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z-new_template","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z"]}} Just great! I'll take a look at it yea but I don't doubt it's very good already. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 16:21, 12 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-12T16:21:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-12T16:08:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-yet_another_new_template-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template-1&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;yet another new template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;yet another new template&quot;} yet another new template __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-yet_another_new_template-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template","c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template-1"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template","timestamp":"2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-yet_another_new_template-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template-1&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;yet another new template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;yet another new template&quot;} I just made a new template, {{ subst:Fashion_invite (/wiki/Template:Fashion_invite) }} for inviting new people to the Wikiproject Fashion. It's completely and shamelessly ripped off a template from Wikiprojet The Office :) Here's how it shows : Hello, WikiProject Fashion/Archive 1 and thank you for your contributions on articles related to fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . I'd like to invite you to become a part of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a WikiProject aiming to improve coverage of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to help out and participate, please come over and visit us here (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) for more information. Thanks! Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 01:25, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template","replies":[]}} Hope you like it, invite on! And feel free to improve it as you see fit, of course. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 01:25, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template-1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T01:25:00.000Z-yet_another_new_template-1","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Clothing_categories-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;h-Old_Template-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;h-French_project-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;h-More_on_categories-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clothing categories&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Clothing categories&quot;} Clothing categories __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Clothing_categories-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","c-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","c-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","h-Old_Template-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z","h-French_project-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z","h-More_on_categories-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z-More_on_categories","timestamp":"2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__18__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Clothing_categories-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z-Clothing_categories&quot;,&quot;h-Old_Template-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;h-French_project-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;h-More_on_categories-Clothing_categories-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Clothing categories&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Clothing categories&quot;} I've been looking at clothing brands & designers categories just as I did for models and it appears pretty messy. For fashion designers there's an article List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) and a category Category:Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) that are redundant. I think I'm gonna keep the category and remove the list because afaik it brings nothing more to the encyclopedia. I agree with this, though it would be good to make sure these are all categorized appropriately, and to add the red-linked ones to our article requests page. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 22:27, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","replies":[]}} Now for clothing brands, there are several categories that could be considered as redundant : Category:Clothing and textile companies (/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_and_textile_companies&action=edit&redlink=1) Category:Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) Category:Clothing manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_manufacturers) Category:Clothing retailers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers) I'm not doubting the relevance of these but I think we could find a better system to reduce the number of categories, as it is now it's really not user friendly. I think it'd be best to sort this out with those over at the textile wikiproject. I want to add that we might also want to add a category Fashion brands or Fashion houses as I don't quite see Christian Dior and Foot Locker going into the same category if you see what I mean. I'll try to sort all of this out, tell me what you think. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 14:48, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-Clothing_categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-1","c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z"]}} I don't think that these categories are necessarily redundant, just being used indiscriminately. There are many different types of clothing companies and brands, which have often overlapping functions: some companies make clothes but do not brand or sell them (e.g. Taekwang Industry (/wiki/Taekwang_Industry) ) some companies design branded clothes and sell it themselves (e.g. J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) ) also, some companies have multiple brands, which might lead to brand pages separate from company pages some companies sell clothes made and branded by other companies (e.g. Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) ) etc. I suggest keeping all the categories, though moving everything out of Category:Clothing and textile companies (/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_and_textile_companies&action=edit&redlink=1) into subcategories. I would say keep Category:Clothing manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_manufacturers) for companies that solely manufacture clothes in an industrial sense. Most clothing companies would belong to both Category:Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) and Category:Clothing retailers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers) because these are separate concepts and because brands and companies are already in separate categorization hierarchies. (We could include instructions for cross-listing on the category pages themselves to make this easier.) Things that are either only a brand or only a retailer would go in a single category. Insider of Clothing brands and clothing retailers, we could have subcategories for high-fashion brands and retailers, though I hesitate to classify fashion houses as retailers... A useful distinction might be whether you've shown at a major fashion week. My last concern is whether the national divisions should be retained on top of the high/low distinction, but I'll think about that more later. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 22:27, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","replies":[]}} It might be helpful to involve Wikipedia:WikiProject Retailing (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Retailing) in this. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 22:27, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z-1","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z"]}} Well that's pretty much the conclusion I came to after writing the paragraph here and thinking about it further. It appears a complete mess because entities are being put indiscriminately amongst any of the categories I listed. It's not inherently the categories that are bad. Now it's true that if we want to keep national divisions for each and every of these it's gonna be huge. And coming from the model stuff I did earlier, checking out every single brand/company article and researching where it belongs is gonna be exhausting to say the least. Maybe I'm trying to bite off more than we can chew ? sooner or later it's gonna have to be done anyway, and that's precisely why we're here. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 23:18, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T22:27:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Update: I started a high fashion brands category, though now I wish I had called it high fashion houses. I am nesting this category under both clothing brands and clothing retailers, because each house is both. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 23:02, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T14:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z"]}} Ok thanks. A good portion of fashion designers brands are manufacturing their own clothes too though... damn it's going to be a head scratcher. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 23:18, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-14T23:02:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z"]}} Yeah that's why I think the "clothing manufacturers" category should be reserved for companies that do nothing BUT manufacture clothes. Otherwise I think the sorting will be a ridiculously huge undertaking. (How long is it going to take to figure out whether every company has their own manufacturing plants?) It's hard enough just to find whether a company has an eponymous brand and retail locations. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 17:12, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:18:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z"]}} Ok, I had not understood the "nothing BUT". I'm with you. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 18:29, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} By the way . We need to decide of a naming convention for clothing brands with a disambiguated name. Looking at the lists there are : Duchamp (fashion label) (/wiki/Duchamp_(clothing)) David and Goliath (clothing company) (/wiki/David_and_Goliath_(clothing_company)) Ashworth (apparel) (/wiki/Ashworth_(apparel)) Atman (Fashion) (/wiki/Atman_(Fashion)) Common Era (clothing line) (/w/index.php?title=Common_Era_(clothing_line)&action=edit&redlink=1) Morgan (clothing brand) (/wiki/Morgan_(clothing_brand)) Guess (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) Lonsdale (brand) (/wiki/Lonsdale_(brand)) , etc... I propose we stick to a simple "(clothing)" after the brand name. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 23:27, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-14T23:27:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","replies":[]}} (...and keep "(brand)" for those who significantly do other things as well as clothes) Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 00:54, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z-Clothing_categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z-Clothing_categories","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z"]}} Sounds good. I'll switch these as I see them. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 17:12, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-15T00:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-1"]}} Me too. I'd speedy delete the redirects asap too. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 18:29, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-1) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-15T18:29:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T17:12:00.000Z-1","replies":[]}} Old Template I have updated my old Template:Clothingcats (/w/index.php?title=Template:Clothingcats&action=edit&redlink=1) as follows: This article was recategorized in 2006 in accordance with a scheme for organizing articles in Category:History of clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing) . That effort has been superseded by WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:FASH) . Please join that project or see its talk page (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:FASH) for further discussion. That should avoid any confusion as the template always appears farther down (that is, notionally "later") in the talk stream than the Fashion termplate. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 18:56, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z-Old_Template) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-15T18:56:00.000Z-Old_Template","replies":[]}} French project We might also look at the organization of the French fashion project (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Mode) for ideas. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:16, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z-French_project) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z-French_project","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:51:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z","c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:53:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z"]}} Took a look at it and it's a lot less furnished, they have "clothing firms by country" and "shoe firms" inside a "clothing firms" category. The French project seems to be maintained by a single person. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 19:51, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:51:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T19:51:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:51:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z","replies":[]}} (if you were talking about fashion eras, they have a single category for both fashion eras and fashion trends) Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 19:53, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:53:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T19:53:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-15T19:53:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T19:16:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Okay, never mind! More on categories I note that User:TheEditrix2 (/wiki/User:TheEditrix2) is back, and has recategorized everything recently added to Category:History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) . I invited her to join this project, but as she claims to delete items from her talk page unread I am not sure she will. I hope so. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 20:22, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z-More_on_categories) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-15T20:22:00.000Z-More_on_categories","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Fashion-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Fashion&quot;} Fashion __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Fashion-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion","timestamp":"2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Fashion-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Fashion&quot;} Somehow, fashion (/wiki/Fashion) wasn't tagged for this project. It's a good article; I have tagged but not assessed it. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 16:53, 14 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-14T16:53:00.000Z-Fashion","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Eras_of_clothing-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z-Eras_of_clothing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Eras of clothing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Eras of clothing&quot;} Eras of clothing __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Eras_of_clothing-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z-Eras_of_clothing"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Eras_of_clothing-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z-Eras_of_clothing&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Eras of clothing&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Eras of clothing&quot;} Just a suggestion: I've no preference about whether the various eras of clothing fashion (1930s, etc.) get categorised under History of fashion or History of clothing (Western fashion), but for consistency I've sorted it all into the former. (They were hibbity-jibbity under both, previous) I propose that someone begin an entirely new category called Eras of fashion, and place all those era categories under the new category, which would then appear under both the above super categories. I'm going to go play in another room of Wikipedia now, so I'll leave it to you fashionistas to decide this question. Enjoy! -- TheEditrix2 (/wiki/User:TheEditrix2) 10:19, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z-Eras_of_clothing) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z","author":"TheEditrix2","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z-Eras_of_clothing","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z"]}} There's an existing category Category:Costume by era (/w/index.php?title=Category:Costume_by_era&action=edit&redlink=1) - would that work as is, or do we want to retitle? I am reading Valerie Cummings' Understanding Fashion History , which discusses the use of "clothing" vs "dress" vs "fashion" vs "costume". There's no consensus answer; perhaps we should just pick a convention and stick to it. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 18:40, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z-TheEditrix2-2007-04-15T10:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z"]}} I know this was already discussed to death a while ago (when I wasn't participating) but it seems that just using fashion for everything (even in eras where fashion design per se didn't exist) has the benefit of being consistent, and also inclusive. In some of the articles on "clothing," even in very early time periods without "fashion", there is also discussion of hairstyles, etc (which doesn't seem to be clothing either). Also, most of the categories like Category:1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) include things other than just clothing (e.g. hair). If we are going to have a 1980s fashion category to include both clothes and hair (which makes intuitive sense) it seems like it would be rather redundant and over-categorizing to have a 1980s clothing category nested inside of it. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 18:54, 15 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-15T18:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z"]}} I like "Fashion" as intuitive for most non-specialist users. I am a bit daunted by categories as narrow as Category:1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) (how many of these would "jeans" need to be part of?). - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:47, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:47:00.000Z-Calliopejen1-2007-04-15T18:54:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Community-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Community&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Community&quot;} Community __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Community-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community","timestamp":"2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Community-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Community&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Community&quot;} I added WikiProject Fashion to the list of recent projects in need of people on the main page of the Community Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Portal) . Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 04:23, 16 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-16T04:23:00.000Z-Community","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Category_\/_Title-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z-Category_\/_Title&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Category \/ Title&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Category \/ Title&quot;} Category / Title __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Category_\/_Title-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z","replies":["c-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z-Category_\/_Title"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Category_\/_Title-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z-Category_\/_Title&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Category \/ Title&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Category \/ Title&quot;} This WikiProject is suffering from the same weak thinking which is plaguing the whole Fashion category: poor categorization. The Project Page should be called WikiProject Clothing and Cosmetics Fashion or something similar since it doesn't encompass anything else. Similarly the top level Wikipedia Fashion category is way off-beam. It should not be about apparel, but should include Clothing at the next level down along with Fashion in language , Fashions in education , Automobile fashion etc etc etc. I merely cite these as examples since fashion affects every aspect of human culture... not just clothes. -- HamsterPants (/w/index.php?title=User:HamsterPants&action=edit&redlink=1) 12:02, 17 April 2007 (UTC) Note that this is this user's single edit . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:57, 17 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z-Category_/_Title) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z","author":"HamsterPants","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z-Category_\/_Title","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z"]}} True enough, but the first thing that comes to most people's minds when they hear "fashion" is clothing, then cosmetics and accessories etc. The scope of this project is wide enough (believe me, I know all too well now) without taking in those things, many of which are already dealt with better under other projects, and usually referred to as "trends" rather than "fashions". Things like "Fashions in education" are too inherently subjective (and potentially POV IMO) to sustain a category through the inevitable CFD. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:56, 17 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z-HamsterPants-2007-04-17T12:02:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z"]}} I agree with Daniel on this one. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:45, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-18T19:45:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-17T16:56:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-After_the_assessment-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z-After_the_assessment&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;After the assessment&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;After the assessment&quot;} After the assessment __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-After_the_assessment-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z-After_the_assessment"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-After_the_assessment-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z-After_the_assessment&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;After the assessment&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;After the assessment&quot;} Earlier this week, I finally concluded assessing all the remaining unassessed articles save for a few really tough calls which I'll want to discuss later. So now that I've more or less taken inventory of what we have to work with, I felt I should let everyone know what we've got to work with. Generally, what we have is a mile wide and an inch or two deep. Many relevant topics are covered; however, far too many high-importance articles, especially on garments, remain start-class at best. There are some that I rated B-class but are completely unreferenced, and only got that because they were comprehensive. We could get some of them to GA status with enough footnotes. Overall, this is a subject badly in need of the sort of organization that a WikiProject brings. I will be setting up an assessment department similar to those found in other large-scope projects soon. Any help is very much appreciated. Now some notes on specific categories of articles: Biographies : My first impressions have been borne out: these are appalling. Most seem to date from at least a couple of years back and their cobwebs include non-standard formatting, lists of unencyclopedic information, promotional language and possible copyvios (sometimes the same thing). The model biographies (unsurprisingly, I would say) are probably the best out of the lot, since they usually have pictures and infoboxes, as opposed to the designer bios. Also, we have some designers, particularly from smaller developing countries (I didn't know Pakistan was trying so hard to emerge as a fashion player), who one fears would not really meet a standard of notability for designers if we had one, and we've got to. There are also some awfully stubby designer bios that required a look over of the Google results before I decided there was enough potential notability not to send to AFD and instead just tagged {{ importance (/wiki/Template:Importance) }} or {{ notability (/wiki/Template:Notability) }} . The thing that can be done most quickly though is to bring these somewhere into the standards expected by the biography project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WPBIO) . I had to put far too many into the "living people" category ( an inflexible policy requirement (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLP) ) and do the same on the talk page. I also had to add either the birth year cat or Category:Year of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing) to many, then put those two cats at the top of the category list in the article, again per policy. On talk pages, I found many articles in which our project tag was put at the top over the {{ blp (/wiki/Template:Blp) }} box ... again, contrary to a very important policy (Be careful doing this with AWB!). I not only rearranged the banners but put in {{ WikiProject Banners (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Banners) }} (and, in a couple of places, its snazzier little brother, {{ WikiProjectBannerShell (/wiki/Template:WikiProjectBannerShell) }} ) to reduce clutter. If you create any new biography articles, remember to tag them with {{ WPBiography (/wiki/Template:WPBiography) }} as well as following all the above procedures . Garments and accessories : Besides the thinness of some of these, what surprised me was the lack of images. These should be very easy to get, and I was able to source the appropriate CC streams on Flickr and add pictures for aviator sunglasses (/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses) , suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) and little black dress (/wiki/Little_black_dress) . I was surprised about pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) ... do women really find these so gauche that they refuse to have their pictures taken in them? Several different possible keywords on Flickr turned up nothing we could use. I had to go with a PD shot of Jean Schmidt (/wiki/Jean_Schmidt) in one, and I'd really like a full-frontal type picture. I would also like to find a picture of the classic penny-loafers to illustrate loafers (/wiki/Loafers) . I'm sure there are some other ones in Category:Fashion articles needing images (/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_articles_needing_images&action=edit&redlink=1) that could be similarly improved with an easily photographed garment. Histories . PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) has done great work here on the medieval period (I look forward to being able to nominate the 14th (/wiki/1300-1400_in_fashion) or 14th (/wiki/1400-1500_in_fashion) century articles for GA status), and as a whole these articles are in probably the best shape of any broad fashion subcategory. The more contemporary eras need the same attention (see comments, including mine, at Talk:1980s in fashion (/wiki/Talk:1980s_in_fashion) ) but they all have something to begin to work with (i.e., they will not need to be rewritten from the get-go like too many designer bios). Companies , i.e. retailers, brands, fashion houses and manufacturers. More of these need to be identified and tagged. Most should also get placed into the business and economics project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Business_and_Economics) as well (retailers, however, have a separate project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Retailing) ). We have a number which cover both a designer and an associated brand or company s/he has started, sometimes eponymous, sometimes not. As with the film articles that cover both the novel and the film, these need to be made separate (see Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) and Giorgio Armani S.p.A. (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani_S.p.A.) , which should remain separate articles despite the merge discussions on the talk pages). Jen already did this with Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) and Bill Blass Limited (/wiki/Bill_Blass_Limited) — that's a start. {{ Infobox Company (/wiki/Template:Infobox_Company) }} needs to be added to a few of these too ... I know much of the required info is not always readily found in the article, but it's easily available elsewhere online. It just takes more time. Outside of these four, which account for the majority of our articles and should get a fair amount of attention, I really can't think of any broad statements to make about other categories ... fashion magazines have an issue not really related to their overall quality which I therefore will discuss in a separate section below. I look forward to returning to creating actual content once again. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 17:29, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z-After_the_assessment) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z-After_the_assessment","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z"]}} Thanks for this very useful paragraph. I've been adding infobox company and logos to half a dozen fashion brands until now but I have to say the info is not that easily available online as most fashion brands are subsections of multinational companies, for which we can get the infos but not on the smaller brands (or maybe you know of a place which I'm not aware of). I'm planning on adding more in the near future though. Besides, I saw the problem of designer/brand too, it's really not good to have both on the same article. I am currently heavily reworking the Chrisian Dior/Dior/etc... entries actually. More on that later. Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 19:25, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T17:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z"]}} Thanks for your kind words, Daniel. I am going to revise the histories to follow the structure of 15th (/wiki/1400-1500_in_fashion) century and move up from B-class, with complete footnotes and more context; working on 16th century articles now and will probably simply move forward in time as I go. We also need to do 1910s. (Forgot to sign earlier - this is me. PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 02:00, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z) ) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-19T02:00:00.000Z-Thiste-2007-04-18T19:25:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Good_Article_news-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z-Good_Article_news&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z-Good_Article_news&quot;,&quot;h-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!-Good_Article_news-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Good Article news&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Good Article news&quot;} Good Article news __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Good_Article_news-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z-Good_Article_news","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z-Good_Article_news","h-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!-Good_Article_news-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!","timestamp":"2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Good_Article_news-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z-Good_Article_news&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z-Good_Article_news&quot;,&quot;h-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!-Good_Article_news-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Good Article news&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Good Article news&quot;} During the assessment I came across two articles already on the Good Article list: Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) and Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) . So I created a little space in the project-page trophy case for them. If someone more skilled in this aspect of WML than I could fix the issue that's making that bar not span the column, I'd appreciate it. That said, both of those articles could use a little work. Lady Duff-Gordon needs more complete references, as does Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) , which frankly has enough problems that I'd vote for its removal if it were on GA review. Perhaps another one of our collaborations should be fixing these two? I think we have at least a few former GAs ... restoring Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) to GA status would be another good idea. ( the other one is Chaperon (headgear) (/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)) ) Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 20:22, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z-Good_Article_news) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:22:00.000Z-Good_Article_news","replies":[]}} On the positive front, before I even got around to doing it myself, someone else went and nominated Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) for GA. I'm pleased; I think it's real flattering that someone else thought that highly of it (and that's the second time that's happened to one of the articles I've worked on). However, there's some more work I need to do following PR ... but since it's not likely to be reviewed for a while, I can take my time (I'm told). Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 20:09, 18 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z-Good_Article_news) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-18T20:09:00.000Z-Good_Article_news","replies":[]}} Update: Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) passed! After nearly a month on the nomination list, User:Zeus1234 (/wiki/User:Zeus1234) passed it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Good_article_candidates&diff=130629519&oldid=130628074) . We now have our fourth GA, and probably the first recognized article to have been at least partially improved to that level within the project. I hope this can be an inspiration ... I think we can send a couple more A-class articles (which would be Toga (/wiki/Toga) , and some of PKM's medieval fashion history articles) soon. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:36, 14 May 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-05-14T04:36:00.000Z-Update:_Anna_Wintour_passed!","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-The_magazine_issue-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z-The_magazine_issue&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;The magazine issue&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;The magazine issue&quot;} The magazine issue __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-The_magazine_issue-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z-The_magazine_issue"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-The_magazine_issue-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z-The_magazine_issue&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;The magazine issue&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;The magazine issue&quot;} OK, this is what it is: I tagged Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) as lacking a global perspective and needing to be split. I explained (/wiki/Talk:Vogue_(magazine)#Probably_a_good_idea_to_split_this_up) that there's no way that one article could adequately address a magazine with so many international editions, particularly when some of those international editions (British, French, Italian) are important and influential within the fashion world in their own right. And then it occurs to me that Vogue isn't the only magazine with this problem. ELLE (/wiki/ELLE) and Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) also publish many different editions in many different countries. So, we should definitely have separate articles on these various national editions, but I have two questions to consider: How many editions? All of them or just the notable ones? We do articles on the three Vogues mentioned above, but are German and Spanish Vogue deserving as well? The infobox mentions the Russian and Chinese editions too ... does the sheer size of those markets make them notable even if they are of little import currently within fashion. How do we disambiguate? The (minimal) consensus on the Vogue talk page was for something like "TITLE (French edition)" and that may well be what we do, but is it really fair to call it the French edition when its content may have little, if any, overlap with the American edition or any other for that matter and thus be more of an independent magazine? Would "TITLE (Italian magazine)" or "TITLE (Swahili)" be more accurate? And this is all on top of articles on the spinoff mags like Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , Vogue Living (/wiki/Vogue_Living) and Men's Vogue (/wiki/Men%27s_Vogue) . Now you see why I created a category? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:54, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z-The_magazine_issue) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z-The_magazine_issue","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z"]}} And do we include Vogue Living at all since it's not really a fashion magazine IMO? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:59, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:59:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T03:54:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Template_thoughts-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Template thoughts&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Template thoughts&quot;} Template thoughts __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Template_thoughts-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","timestamp":"2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Template_thoughts-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Template thoughts&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Template thoughts&quot;} I have added some code that I borrowed from WP:NRHP (/wiki/Wikipedia:NRHP) (the only other place I've seen it thus far) that allows you to add a DYK call into the project banner template box itself, saving the space that box would otherwise occupy on the talk page. I see Jen already used it when she got Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) onto the front page. Good! Let this constitute the official announcement, although I did this a while ago. On a further note, I've been thinking we could develop some navboxes ... a history of fashion one would probably be better than those browse boxes; and I could see developing one for Vogue , too. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:04, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z-Template_thoughts) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:04:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","replies":[]}} We might also want to create a really broad topics one, sort of covering all the topic articles of the top-level cats, like {{ journalism (/wiki/Template:Journalism) }} does for that category (already in our fashion journalism (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) article). However, I'd stress that it should be a horizontal bottom one to leave space for pictures in the article itself — this is a very visual subject and we need the space. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:09, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z-Template_thoughts) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:09:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","replies":[]}} And I could also navboxes for, say, different types of skirts (and other large garment categories with many subtypes meriting individual articles) when we have enough separate articles (Any way we could make that one sort of trapezoid-shaped? It would be cool). Also, "significant design" needs to be explained better in the designer infobox. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:37, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:37:00.000Z-Template_thoughts","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Portal_and_selected_articles-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Portal and selected articles&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Portal and selected articles&quot;} Portal and selected articles __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Portal_and_selected_articles-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles","timestamp":"2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Portal_and_selected_articles-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Portal and selected articles&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Portal and selected articles&quot;} I'd also like to try and revive the portal if anyone's interested, and will be setting it up to have a monthly selected article (I'll probably start with Wonderbra (/wiki/Wonderbra) , our only FA so far, which I'd love to get on the Main Page if Mattnad (/wiki/User:Mattnad) is willing (... that will be a memorable day for admins, I can say that much!), and then work through the other highly-rated articles until we get some content we've improved on our own. We do this over at WP:NYSR (/wiki/Wikipedia:NYSR) (how's that for very different projects!), and it's worked rather well (especially for me since most of the articles are ones I've worked on extensively). It would be a way to recognize good work within the project and get it ready for later, Wikipedia-wide recognition. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:23, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T04:23:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles","replies":[]}} I talked with Mattnad and he was cool with putting a request in for Wonderbra; so here it is (/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/Requests#Wonderbra) . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:57, 20 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T03:57:00.000Z-Portal_and_selected_articles","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Category_cleanup_complete?-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z-Category_cleanup_complete?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Category cleanup complete?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Category cleanup complete?&quot;} Category cleanup complete? __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Category_cleanup_complete?-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z-Category_cleanup_complete?"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Category_cleanup_complete?-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z-Category_cleanup_complete?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Category cleanup complete?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Category cleanup complete?&quot;} I have, in the last month, created more categories to suppport this project and help diffuse Category:Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) than I have in the entire rest of my time on Wikipedia put together. I created the last one (I hope), Category:Fashion occupations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_occupations) , just this morning, and I am now satisfied that every cat and subcat we could reasonably expect to have for now, we have. With all the work Thiste and Jen have done, I think we can reasonably say that the top-level cat is no longer looking "pretty sad". Anybody want to differ, or can we go ahead and change the project page to something reminding people that the category requires constant attention to keep it diffused? I would also advise people to keep an eye on Category:Fashion design (/wiki/Category:Fashion_design) , as not only are articles about individual designers parked there by people unsure of their nationality or unaware that that category structure now exists, there are plenty of articles that aren't really about what that cat should be about: articles related to aspects of designing clothing. I also cleaned a bunch of people of the top-level fashion designers cat today, too, so that category bears some watching. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 17:17, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z-Category_cleanup_complete?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z-Category_cleanup_complete?","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z"]}} Wow, I am stunned, have no idea where to start addressing all your points. Bravo! category clean-up looks good; I will try to follow your guidelines. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:51, 19 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-19T19:51:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-19T17:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Interwiki_review-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z-Interwiki_review&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Interwiki review&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Interwiki review&quot;} Interwiki review __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Interwiki_review-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z-Interwiki_review","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review","timestamp":"2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Interwiki_review-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z-Interwiki_review&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Interwiki review&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Interwiki review&quot;} When assessing, I noted that Undergarment (/wiki/Undergarment) is the only article in the project to have a corresponding FA in another language (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAOL) : Spanish. es:Bragas (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragas) seems about as long as ours, but it might be worth looking through to see if there's anything we could translate and use as well. Outside of the articles tagged for suggested translation from French, I have been surprised to find that fashion coverage on the major European=language Wikipedias makes ours look good. The Italian Wikipedia is particularly thin. So, we won't be able to improve much by translation. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 04:07, 20 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z-Interwiki_review) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-20T04:07:00.000Z-Interwiki_review","replies":[]}} On the latest round of assessments, I have found also that Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) has an FAOL equivalent: in Arabic (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88) . However, just looking it over it may be an FA by the standards of that Wikipedia (much smaller) but not ours. Still, you never know. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:04, 24 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-24T16:04:00.000Z-Interwiki_review","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-1000-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;} 1000 __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-1000-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000","timestamp":"2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-1000-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;1000&quot;} Seems with the last assessment update we hit the 1000 articles within our project. I figure we're gonna have a lot more in the future but I wanted to make a statement about this particular mark. Keep up the good work everybody! Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 12:55, 20 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-20T12:55:00.000Z-1000","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Report from the latest round of assessments&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Report from the latest round of assessments&quot;} Report from the latest round of assessments __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tuxide-2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Report from the latest round of assessments&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Report from the latest round of assessments&quot;} Jen added a bunch more to the project last week and I got done with them yesterday. Most of these were about particular garments; the issue here is that a lot of them need pictures (/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_articles_needing_images&action=edit&redlink=1) . I went on Flickr and got some usable free images; however not as many as I would have liked (and if I did this for every garment that needs one, I'd still be hard at work). So feel free to look through the cat and see what you might be able to contribute. I found another article worthy of A-class status, Toga (/wiki/Toga) . It looks like it could be spruced up and nominated for GA. And just when I thought we couldn't create any more fashion subcats, I realized we needed Category:Fashion-related fetishes (/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion-related_fetishes&action=edit&redlink=1) as a way of getting garment fetishism (/wiki/Garment_fetishism) out of the top-level cat. All the articles there that aren't redirects have been tagged and assessed (an interesting experience). Also, I created Category:High-heeled footwear (/wiki/Category:High-heeled_footwear) to accomodate the articles on shoes and boots that qualify (sort of funny as I created Category:Boots (/wiki/Category:Boots) originally a long time ago. As a result of the deletion debate (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/List_of_Bloomingdales_locations) I started for List of Bloomingdales locations (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bloomingdales_locations&action=edit&redlink=1) , I got to talking with User:Tuxide (/wiki/User:Tuxide) , who seems to coordinate the retailing project (/wiki/Wikipedia:RETAIL) . He has taken note of our existence and will put something in his next newsleter. I also wound up tagging a great deal of articles for both us and them on major American department store chains such as Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) and Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) . If anyone wants to add equivalents to those chains in other countries, go ahead. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 13:42, 26 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:42:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments","replies":[]}} It seems to me also that navboxes would be a good idea for the many articles on different subtypes of clothing: for skirts and dresses, shirts, neckties, shoes (even one for high heels), lingerie. If we could make those the ones with free images at the side as illustrations (I hate dull navboxes), so much the better. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 13:55, 26 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z-Report_from_the_latest_round_of_assessments","replies":["c-Thiste-2007-04-27T02:03:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z","c-Tuxide-2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z"]}} I'm all for the use of navboxes, actually I was thinking of having some for different aspects of fashion, great minds think alike! Thiste (/wiki/User:Thiste) 02:03, 27 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Thiste-2007-04-27T02:03:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-27T02:03:00.000Z","author":"Thiste","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Thiste-2007-04-27T02:03:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z","replies":[]}} If any of you could leave a note on WT:RETAIL (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:RETAIL) on what tasks you might expect WikiProject Retailing (/wiki/Wikipedia:RETAIL) to do, then that would be great. I will be more active after finals are over, and will write my newsletter then. Thanks! Tuxide (/wiki/User:Tuxide) 21:09, 27 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Tuxide-2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z","author":"Tuxide","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Tuxide-2007-04-27T21:09:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-26T13:55:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Our_first_navbox-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Our first navbox&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Our first navbox&quot;} Our first navbox __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Our_first_navbox-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox","c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Our_first_navbox-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Our first navbox&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Our first navbox&quot;} Check out {{ lingerie (/wiki/Template:Lingerie) }} . It's in all the relevant articles. It's probably the most ambitious template I've yet created ... I didn't want those generic ones, I wanted one with a picture and where I could change the title color, and I found {{ Tables games (/wiki/Template:Tables_games) }} and adapted it as necessary. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 20:11, 27 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-27T20:11:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox","replies":[]}} It has now been joined by the similar {{ High heels (/wiki/Template:High_heels) }} . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 05:53, 29 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z-Our_first_navbox","replies":["c-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z"]}} Great! Added farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) and hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) to {{ lingerie (/wiki/Template:Lingerie) }} . - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 17:17, 29 April 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-04-29T05:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z"]}} Love the new navboxes, very pretty. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 14:09, 3 May 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-PKM-2007-04-29T17:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-new_article_bot-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;new article bot&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;new article bot&quot;} new article bot __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-new_article_bot-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot","timestamp":"2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-new_article_bot-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;new article bot&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;new article bot&quot;} Is anyone interested in writing rules for User:AlexNewArtBot (/wiki/User:AlexNewArtBot) so that we can get updates on new articles that are likely fashion-related? Mostly we just need to brainstorm a list of keywords we think would be in fashion articles. Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 14:09, 3 May 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-05-03T14:09:00.000Z-new_article_bot","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Animal_print-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Animal print&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Animal print&quot;} Animal print __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Animal_print-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print","timestamp":"2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Animal_print-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Animal print&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Animal print&quot;} There's no article on animal print. I'd create one myself, but I haven't the experience or know-how. It would be interesting to see animal print history and have images as examples of each type. 20:59, 5 June 2007 (UTC) Remember, though, that print designs are, unlike the clothing they're on, often copyrighted, so you would have to follow WP:FUC (/wiki/Wikipedia:FUC) closely with any uploads. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 00:13, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:13:00.000Z-Animal_print","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Inactive WikiProject up for deletion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Inactive WikiProject up for deletion&quot;} Inactive WikiProject up for deletion __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__6__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__4__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Inactive WikiProject up for deletion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Inactive WikiProject up for deletion&quot;} Wikipedia:WikiProject Hats and headgear (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hats_and_headgear) may be deleted. See Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject Hats and Headgear (/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hats_and_Headgear) . Does anyone here want to incorporate any of the ideas at that project into one here? Some of it was meant to cover military headgear, I think. Is a fashion project interested in miliary headgear? Carcharoth (/wiki/User:Carcharoth) 23:04, 26 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","author":"Carcharoth","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z-Inactive_WikiProject_up_for_deletion","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:28:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","c-PKM-2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z"]}} We could probably keep it as a working group or task force (see my suggestion for organization much higher up ... it would fit in?). We've done some articles on military headgear ... after all, many common articles of clothing have military origins. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 00:11, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","replies":["c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z"]}} OK. I'll move it to a subpage of this WikiProject, and leave you to decide what to do with it. Also, while rummaging through the subpages of this WikiProject, I found Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashioni (/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashioni&action=edit&redlink=1) . Not sure what that was about... Carcharoth (/wiki/User:Carcharoth) 00:21, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z","author":"Carcharoth","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-07-27T00:11:00.000Z","replies":["c-Calliopejen1-2007-07-27T03:04:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z"]}} Yeah, slightly odd. I nominated it for deletion at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashioni (/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashioni) . Calliopejen1 (/wiki/User:Calliopejen1) 03:04, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Calliopejen1-2007-07-27T03:04:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-27T03:04:00.000Z","author":"Calliopejen1","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Calliopejen1-2007-07-27T03:04:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:21:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/WikiProject Hats and Headgear (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/WikiProject_Hats_and_Headgear) - have fun! :-) Carcharoth (/wiki/User:Carcharoth) 00:28, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:28:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-27T00:28:00.000Z","author":"Carcharoth","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Carcharoth-2007-07-27T00:28:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","replies":[]}} How would anyone feel about making a headgear navbox in our standard bottom format? I find the right-side navboxes conflict with attempts to illustrate the articles. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 01:44, 30 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-07-30T01:44:00.000Z-Carcharoth-2007-07-26T23:04:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-A\u00ebr-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z-A\u00ebr&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A\u00ebr&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;A\u00ebr&quot;} Aër __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A\u00ebr-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z-A\u00ebr"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-A\u00ebr-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z-A\u00ebr&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;A\u00ebr&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;A\u00ebr&quot;} Someone recently added the article on Aër (/wiki/A%C3%ABr) to WikiProject Fashion. Why on earth is this article considered to be "within the scope of WikiProject Fashion"? An Aër is a liturgical veil that is placed over the chalice (/wiki/Chalice_(cup)) and paten (/wiki/Paten) during the Liturgy. It is not worn as a garment in its own right, nor is it influenced by trend. The use of the Aër is in no way "a personal mode of expression" (see Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) ). Because it is a liturgical item there is nothing "personal" about it. Unless someone can show its relevance to fashion this article should be removed from WikiProject Fashion. MishaPan (/wiki/User:MishaPan) 18:26, 29 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z-Aër) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z","author":"MishaPan","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z-A\u00ebr","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z"]}} It has been removed. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 19:32, 29 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-07-29T19:32:00.000Z-MishaPan-2007-07-29T18:26:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-History_of_fashion_series-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z-History_of_fashion_series&quot;,&quot;h-DYK-History_of_fashion_series-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;History of fashion series&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;History of fashion series&quot;} History of fashion series __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-History_of_fashion_series-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z","replies":["c-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z-History_of_fashion_series","h-DYK-History_of_fashion_series-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-History_of_fashion_series-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z-History_of_fashion_series&quot;,&quot;h-DYK-History_of_fashion_series-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;History of fashion series&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;History of fashion series&quot;} Some folks got a good start on 1910s in fashion (/wiki/1910s_in_fashion) (though I have my doubts about a cpouple of their "facts"). I have expanded and standardized it, and added a bunch of related images to the Commons. BTW, 1930s in fashion (/wiki/1930s_in_fashion) doesn't really exist - the link for it the overview article goes to the 1930s subsection of History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) . If someone wants to start a proper separate article, have at it and I'll jump in. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 02:09, 30 July 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z-History_of_fashion_series) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-07-30T02:09:00.000Z-History_of_fashion_series","replies":[]}} DYK 1100-1200 in fashion (/wiki/1100-1200_in_fashion) made Did You Know on 12 August 2007. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:59, 12 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z-DYK) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z-DYK","replies":["c-PKM-2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z"]}} And Early medieval European dress (/wiki/Early_medieval_European_dress) on 13 August. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) 19:30, 13 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-08-13T19:30:00.000Z-PKM-2007-08-12T19:59:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Vogue_editors_CfD-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD&quot;,&quot;c-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Vogue editors CfD&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Vogue editors CfD&quot;} Vogue editors CfD __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vogue_editors_CfD-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD","c-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD","timestamp":"2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Vogue_editors_CfD-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD&quot;,&quot;c-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Vogue editors CfD&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Vogue editors CfD&quot;} People might be interested in Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_August_9#Category:Vogue_editors (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_August_9#Category:Vogue_editors) where this category is up for deletion. Well, we put up a good fight, or as good a fight as we could, but it just got deleted. I intend to remake it as a list ... that way we can include more people, and cover every national Vogue edition. I will also be subdividing Category:Vogue (/w/index.php?title=Category:Vogue&action=edit&redlink=1) into US, UK, French and Italian sections (and is it my imagination, or has Spanish Vogue been attracting some attention lately as well?) Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 16:29, 14 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-14T16:29:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD","replies":[]}} Also there has been an outburst of new articles on the early medieval history, all on the template, if people can help: Early medieval European dress (/wiki/Early_medieval_European_dress) , Anglo-Saxon dress (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_dress) , 1100-1200 in fashion (/wiki/1100-1200_in_fashion) , 1200-1300 in fashion (/wiki/1200-1300_in_fashion) are all very new. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) 20:54, 9 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-08-09T20:54:00.000Z-Vogue_editors_CfD","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Diapers...?-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z-Diapers...?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Diapers...?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Diapers...?&quot;} Diapers...? __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Diapers...?-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z-Diapers...?"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Coop41-2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Diapers...?-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z-Diapers...?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Diapers...?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Diapers...?&quot;} I was wondering the article diaper (/wiki/Diaper) could be included in this project. I know they're not particularly fashionable, but they are a form of clothing. Any objections? Coop41 (/wiki/User:Coop41) 00:31, 15 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z-Diapers...?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z","author":"Coop41","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z-Diapers...?","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z"]}} When I looked it over in the spring, it didn't discuss it much as an item of clothing. It seems to have been greatly expanded and might qualify. There are some aesthetic issues involved in wearing and designing diapers, it is true. They are worn by fetishists for reasons that are purely aesthetic. And we have plenty of other articles on purely functional garments that aren't seen much nor discussed extensively. But on the other hand, I could make similar arguments for sanitary napkin (/wiki/Sanitary_napkin) . Yet I don't see adding that one to the project just yet. Anyone else with thoughts? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:25, 15 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z-Coop41-2007-08-15T00:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Coop41-2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z"]}} In their respective articles, diapers are referred to as "garments" and sanitary napkins as "items". It's true they have similarities to diapers, but diapers are more like a form of underwear. Diapers can be worn by themselves without any other clothing. Also, in recent years, diapers are being designed to resemble underwear more, with euphemisms such as "training pants" and "absorbent undergarments" appearing. Coop41 (/wiki/User:Coop41) 04:29, 15 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Coop41-2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z","author":"Coop41","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Coop41-2007-08-15T04:29:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-08-15T03:25:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Long_hair-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Long hair&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Long hair&quot;} Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Long_hair-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair","timestamp":"2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Long_hair-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Long hair&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Long hair&quot;} This article is up for deletion. Please take part in the discussion. Thanks. Wrad (/wiki/User:Wrad) 11:32, 15 August 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z","author":"Wrad","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Wrad-2007-08-15T11:32:00.000Z-Long_hair","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cleavage_enhancement-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cleavage enhancement&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cleavage enhancement&quot;} Cleavage enhancement (/wiki/Cleavage_enhancement) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cleavage_enhancement-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement","timestamp":"2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cleavage_enhancement-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cleavage enhancement&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cleavage enhancement&quot;} I created the article cleavage enhancement (/wiki/Cleavage_enhancement) a few hours ago. I'm not involved in the fashion wikiproject and I don't know whether you consider it within your scope or not. I thought I'd let you know that it exists so that you can decide whether it's in scope or not. Oh, and I note that falsies (/wiki/Falsies) has a fashion stub tag in the article but no talk page at all... -- AliceJMarkham (/wiki/User:AliceJMarkham) 16:24, 5 September 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z","author":"AliceJMarkham","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-AliceJMarkham-2007-09-05T16:24:00.000Z-Cleavage_enhancement","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions (WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions (WP:PROD)&quot;} Proposed deletions ( WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:PROD) ) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)","c-Ceyockey-2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)","c-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions (WP:PROD)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions (WP:PROD)&quot;} Takashi Oyama (/w/index.php?title=Takashi_Oyama&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 September 2007) Deleted ( PROD by User:Gyrofrog (/wiki/User:Gyrofrog) ; "Takashi Oyama (14 July 1925 - 15 April 1999) was a Japanese fashion photographer best known for his 1956 photographs of Marilyn Monroe." ) --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 05:49, 17 September 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-09-17T05:49:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)","replies":[]}} Sidebang (/w/index.php?title=Sidebang&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 11 September 2007) Deleted ( PROD by User:TexasAndroid (/wiki/User:TexasAndroid) ; "The sidebang is a hairstyle that consists of long hair brushed forward over one eye, similar to a fringe/bangs but worn on one side only." ) --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 18:47, 8 September 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-09-08T18:47:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)","replies":[]}} Glitten (/wiki/Glitten) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 4 September 2007) Deleted ( PROD by User:Wknight94 (/wiki/User:Wknight94) ; "Glitten is a seldom used term for the cross between mittens and gloves, forming a winter accessory." ) --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 01:06, 3 September 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions_(WP:PROD)","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 01:12, 13 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:12:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-09-03T01:06:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Articles for Discussion: Zane (hairstylist)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Articles for Discussion: Zane (hairstylist)&quot;} Articles for Discussion: Zane (hairstylist) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Articles for Discussion: Zane (hairstylist)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Articles for Discussion: Zane (hairstylist)&quot;} Zane (hairstylist) (/w/index.php?title=Zane_(hairstylist)&action=edit&redlink=1) at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zane (hairstylist) (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Zane_(hairstylist)) (7 October 2007 – 12 October 2007) Deleted --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 14:09, 7 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z-Articles_for_Discussion:_Zane_(hairstylist)","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 01:07, 13 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:07:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-07T14:09:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: 2000s in fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: 2000s in fashion&quot;} Proposed deletion: 2000s in fashion __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: 2000s in fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: 2000s in fashion&quot;} 2000s in fashion (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 11 October 2007) Kept --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 01:06, 8 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_2000s_in_fashion","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 01:08, 13 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-08T01:06:00.000Z","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z"]}} Hmmm - the rather better 1990s article is also reference-free. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) 01:15, 8 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-13T01:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z"]}} Lack of references isn't a valid reason to delete an article. Not by itself. Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) 03:18, 8 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z-Johnbod-2007-10-08T01:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T03:31:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z"]}} It is if no one removes the prod tag. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) 03:31, 8 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T03:31:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-08T03:31:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-10-08T03:31:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-10-08T03:18:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions: Maxim Hot 100 lists&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions: Maxim Hot 100 lists&quot;} Proposed deletions: Maxim Hot 100 lists __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions: Maxim Hot 100 lists&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletions: Maxim Hot 100 lists&quot;} 2003 Maxim Hot 100 (/w/index.php?title=2003_Maxim_Hot_100&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 October 2007) Deleted 2004 Maxim Hot 100 (/w/index.php?title=2004_Maxim_Hot_100&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 October 2007) Deleted 2005 Maxim Hot 100 (/w/index.php?title=2005_Maxim_Hot_100&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 October 2007) Deleted 2006 Maxim Hot 100 (/w/index.php?title=2006_Maxim_Hot_100&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 October 2007) Deleted 2007 Maxim Hot 100 (/w/index.php?title=2007_Maxim_Hot_100&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 19 October 2007) Deleted --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 19:57, 14 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z-Proposed_deletions:_Maxim_Hot_100_lists","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 21:11, 20 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-14T19:57:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-L.A.M.B-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z-L.A.M.B&quot;,&quot;c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L.A.M.B&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;L.A.M.B&quot;} L.A.M.B (/wiki/L.A.M.B) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-L.A.M.B-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z-L.A.M.B","c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B","timestamp":"2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-L.A.M.B-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z-L.A.M.B&quot;,&quot;c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L.A.M.B&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;L.A.M.B&quot;} L.A.M.B (/wiki/L.A.M.B) is at GA review. I kindly request anyone to give it a review. Thank you for your co - operation. Indianescence (/wiki/User:Indianescence) 04:23, 18 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z-L.A.M.B) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z","author":"Indianescence","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Indianescence-2007-10-18T04:23:00.000Z-L.A.M.B","replies":[]}} L.A.M.B is Good Article now. Thank you! —Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Indianescence (/wiki/User:Indianescence) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Indianescence) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Indianescence) ) 10:19, 11 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z","author":"Indianescence","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Indianescence-2007-11-11T10:19:00.000Z-L.A.M.B","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Lip Service (clothing)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Lip Service (clothing)&quot;} Proposed deletion: Lip Service (clothing) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Lip Service (clothing)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Lip Service (clothing)&quot;} Lip Service (clothing) (/w/index.php?title=Lip_Service_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 21 October 2007) Deleted --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 21:12, 20 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Lip_Service_(clothing)","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 13:11, 21 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:11:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-20T21:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: George christman&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: George christman&quot;} Proposed deletion: George christman __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: George christman&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: George christman&quot;} George christman (/w/index.php?title=George_christman&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 22 October 2007) Deleted --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 13:12, 21 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_George_christman","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 02:19, 24 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-21T13:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Articles for Deletion: Asia DeVinyl&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Articles for Deletion: Asia DeVinyl&quot;} Articles for Deletion: Asia DeVinyl __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Articles for Deletion: Asia DeVinyl&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Articles for Deletion: Asia DeVinyl&quot;} Asia DeVinyl (/w/index.php?title=Asia_DeVinyl&action=edit&redlink=1) at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Asia DeVinyl (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Asia_DeVinyl) (18 October 2007 – 30 October 2007) Deleted --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 02:19, 24 October 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z-Articles_for_Deletion:_Asia_DeVinyl","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z"]}} updated --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 13:13, 24 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:13:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-10-24T02:19:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;merge catwalk and Runway (fashion)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;merge catwalk and Runway (fashion)&quot;} merge catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) and Runway (fashion) (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)","timestamp":"2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;merge catwalk and Runway (fashion)&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;merge catwalk and Runway (fashion)&quot;} hey would someone please merge catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) and Runway (fashion) (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) . I guess you'll probably say they're different, but look at the articles. Basically the same. Thanks! -- Ling.Nut (/wiki/User:Ling.Nut) 10:05, 8 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z","author":"Ling.Nut","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ling.Nut-2007-11-08T10:05:00.000Z-merge_catwalk_and_Runway_(fashion)","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Infobox_Fragrance-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Infobox Fragrance&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Infobox Fragrance&quot;} Infobox Fragrance __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Infobox_Fragrance-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance","timestamp":"2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Infobox_Fragrance-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Infobox Fragrance&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Infobox Fragrance&quot;} I created the Template Template:Infobox Fragrance (/wiki/Template:Infobox_Fragrance) , since there was no infobox to describe fragrances. The documentation page is here (/wiki/Template:Infobox_Fragrance/doc) . I will add the template to these articles: Paris Hilton (fragrance) (/wiki/Paris_Hilton_(fragrance)) Just Me (fragrance) (/wiki/Just_Me_(fragrance)) Heiress/Heir (fragrance) (/wiki/Heiress/Heir_(fragrance)) Can Can (fragrance) (/wiki/Can_Can_(fragrance)) With Love... Hilary Duff (/wiki/With_Love..._Hilary_Duff) Please add it to other fragrances articles (/w/index.php?title=Category:Fragrances&action=edit&redlink=1) — Jhn* 20:48, 18 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z","author":"John Biancato","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-John_Biancato-2007-11-18T20:48:00.000Z-Infobox_Fragrance","replies":[],"displayName":"Jhn*"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Template-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z-Template&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Template&quot;} Template __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Template-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z","replies":["c-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z-Template"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Template-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z-Template&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Template&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Template&quot;} Do you think that Baldness (/wiki/Baldness) should be a part of this WikiProject? WhatamIdoing (/wiki/User:WhatamIdoing) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:WhatamIdoing) ) 01:26, 22 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z-Template) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z","author":"WhatamIdoing","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z-Template","replies":["c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z"]}} Not I. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:PKM) ) 03:06, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:06:00.000Z-WhatamIdoing-2007-11-22T01:26:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cosmetic_surgery-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z-Cosmetic_surgery&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cosmetic surgery&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cosmetic surgery&quot;} Cosmetic surgery __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Cosmetic_surgery-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z-Cosmetic_surgery"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__8__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__4__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Cosmetic_surgery-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z-Cosmetic_surgery&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Cosmetic surgery&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Cosmetic surgery&quot;} An editor, 132.205.44.5 (/w/index.php?title=User:132.205.44.5&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:132.205.44.5) · contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/132.205.44.5) ), has tagged a large number of articles with {{ WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) }} that do not seem appropriate to me. Articles tagged include Circumcision (/wiki/Circumcision) , Infibulation (/wiki/Infibulation) , Melanocytic nevus (/wiki/Melanocytic_nevus) , Penis enlargement (/wiki/Penis_enlargement) , Scrotoplasty (/wiki/Scrotoplasty) , Sex reassignment surgery female-to-male (/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery_female-to-male) and The London Welbeck Hospital (/wiki/The_London_Welbeck_Hospital) . Since I am not a member of this WikiProject, I thought it best to get your opinions on these. Thanks. — Satori Son I tagged them because they are related to cosmetic surgery. And Extreme Makeover (/wiki/Extreme_Makeover) a cosmetic surgery TV show has been under the purview of this project for a while. While melanocytic nevus is covered under "skin" under "beauty", which this wikiproject seems to cover. Elective cosmetic surgery to alter one's appearance to be more pleasing beautiful or fashionable, also seems to be covered under "beauty". 132.205.44.5 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/132.205.44.5) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:132.205.44.5) ) 02:59, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z-Cosmetic_surgery) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","author":"132.205.44.5","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z-Cosmetic_surgery","replies":["c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z"]}} Thanks for the clarification. I don't feel that any of those, including Extreme Makeover (/wiki/Extreme_Makeover) , belong in this project, but others may feel differently. - PKM (/wiki/User:PKM) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:PKM) ) 03:08, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z","author":"PKM","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-11-27T03:13:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z","c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z"]}} I agree. Clothes not flesh should be our area. There's nothing that annoys me more from other projects than excessive tagging - WikiProject Christianity is currently going on a binge. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Johnbod) ) 03:13, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-11-27T03:13:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T03:13:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-11-27T03:13:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I agree, so I see a consensus developing. Extreme Makeover (/wiki/Extreme_Makeover) belongs because it includes a segment where the makeoveree picks out a new wardrobe. But as for cosmetic surgery and the other procedures, especially penis enlargement, go, that's different. "Beauty" for this project's terms really means cosmetics and hair. Put it this way: Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) doesn't run articles about cosmetic surgery, do they? Most of those are rather permanent procedures that can't easily be altered or reversed, whereas you can always buy new clothes or makeup. To suggest especially that penis enlargement, circumscision and sex-change operations are somehow fashion choices is bizarre and potentially insulting. I will be removing those from the project after I finish typing. I would suggest to the anon that, after s/he sets up an account, s/he consider starting a separate project for cosmetic surgery, perhaps under WP:MEDICINE (/wiki/Wikipedia:MEDICINE) . Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Daniel_Case) ) 03:18, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z-PKM-2007-11-27T03:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T22:52:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z"]}} Ok, I'll remove the box from the cosmetic surgery talk pages. (including liposuction, nose jobs, boob jobs, facelifts, collagen injections) 132.205.44.5 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/132.205.44.5) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:132.205.44.5) ) 22:52, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T22:52:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T22:52:00.000Z","author":"132.205.44.5","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T22:52:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-27T03:18:00.000Z","replies":[]}} This brings up tatoos, permanent makeup and body piercings... and chemical peels and botox. Do I also debox these? 132.205.44.5 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/132.205.44.5) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:132.205.44.5) ) 23:10, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z","author":"132.205.44.5","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T02:59:00.000Z","replies":["c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z"]}} My inclination is to keep the first three, definitely. I'm not quite as sure of the other two. Anybody else? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Daniel_Case) ) 20:46, 28 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z-132.205.44.5-2007-11-27T23:10:00.000Z","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z"]}} I agree on 1-3, & would dump 5. If we mean hair peels, I think they are to be kept. Not that you will catch me writing on any of them ... Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Johnbod) ) 04:35, 29 November 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-11-29T04:35:00.000Z-Daniel_Case-2007-11-28T20:46:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Deletion_discussion_notifications-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z-Deletion_discussion_notifications&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deletion discussion notifications&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Deletion discussion notifications&quot;} Deletion discussion notifications __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Deletion_discussion_notifications-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z-Deletion_discussion_notifications"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z","timestamp":"2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Deletion_discussion_notifications-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z-Deletion_discussion_notifications&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deletion discussion notifications&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Deletion discussion notifications&quot;} I have augmented Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/People (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/People) with a cross-reference to Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Arts and entertainment/Announcements (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Arts_and_entertainment/Announcements) as a page that is not transcluded into Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Deletion sorting (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Deletion_sorting) and which might be suitable for notifications regarding models. Would this be an acceptable cross-reference for this WikiProject that you would be interested in "officially recognizing" on your main WikiProject page (i.e. directing persons interested in model biography deletion discussions to Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Arts and entertainment/Announcements (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Arts_and_entertainment/Announcements) )? --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 14:14, 1 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z-Deletion_discussion_notifications) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z-Deletion_discussion_notifications","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z"]}} I guess so - a wider list would be even more useful, to catch things like the one below. Thanks anyway. Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) 20:01, 1 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Ceyockey-2007-12-01T14:14:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_brands&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia:Categories for discussion\/Log\/2007 December 1#Category:High fashion brands&quot;} Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_brands (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_brands) __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z","replies":["c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br","timestamp":"2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_brands&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia:Categories for discussion\/Log\/2007 December 1#Category:High fashion brands&quot;} People may want to comment Johnbod (/wiki/User:Johnbod) 20:01, 1 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z","author":"Johnbod","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Johnbod-2007-12-01T20:01:00.000Z-Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion\/Log\/2007_December_1#Category:High_fashion_br","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Sarah Doudouhi&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Sarah Doudouhi&quot;} Proposed deletion: Sarah Doudouhi __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi","timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Sarah Doudouhi&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Sarah Doudouhi&quot;} Sarah Doudouhi (/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Doudouhi&action=edit&redlink=1) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 21 December 2007) --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 13:14, 24 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Sarah_Doudouhi","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Ronaldus Shamask&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Ronaldus Shamask&quot;} Proposed deletion: Ronaldus Shamask __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask","timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Ronaldus Shamask&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Proposed deletion: Ronaldus Shamask&quot;} Ronaldus Shamask (/wiki/Ronaldus_Shamask) (via WP:PROD (/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion) on 21 December 2007) --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me (/wiki/User_talk:Ceyockey) ) 13:14, 24 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z","author":"Ceyockey","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ceyockey-2007-12-24T13:14:00.000Z-Proposed_deletion:_Ronaldus_Shamask","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Change_the_picture?-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Change the picture?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Change the picture?&quot;} Change the picture? __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Change_the_picture?-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?","c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?"],"uneditableSection":true}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?","timestamp":"2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Change_the_picture?-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?&quot;,&quot;c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?&quot;],&quot;uneditableSection&quot;:true,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Change the picture?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Change the picture?&quot;} I think the picture needs to be changed for this project. It seems...er... a little disturbing. Splintersag (/w/index.php?title=User:Splintersag&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Splintersag) ) 17:22, 27 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z","author":"Splintersag","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Splintersag-2007-12-27T17:22:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?","replies":[]}} This one (/wiki/File:BathingSuit1920s.jpg) ? What's wrong with it IYO? Daniel Case (/wiki/User:Daniel_Case) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Daniel_Case) ) 17:39, 27 December 2007 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Archive_1#c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?) __DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__ __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z","author":"Daniel Case","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Daniel_Case-2007-12-27T17:39:00.000Z-Change_the_picture?","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐r5kn5 Cached time: 20240720092251 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.093 seconds CPU time usage: 0.386 seconds Real time usage: 0.543 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1705/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15656/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2480/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8131/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.100/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1981341/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 202.406 1 -total 61.68% 124.836 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 14.44% 29.218 1 Template:User 9.77% 19.772 1 Template:Talkarchivenav 4.54% 9.195 9 Template:Cl 3.48% 7.047 19 Template:Tl 2.65% 5.367 9 Template:Category_link/core 1.79% 3.633 13 Template:Prodded 1.32% 2.679 1 Template:Tmbox 1.28% 2.586 2 Template:Afdl Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:15369316-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720092251 and revision id 1137384557. 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Dress worn by Marilyn Monroe in The Seven Year Itch White dress of Marilyn Monroe Designer William Travilla (/wiki/William_Travilla) Year 1954 ( 1954 ) Type White ivory cocktail dress Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) wore a white dress in the 1955 film The Seven Year Itch (/wiki/The_Seven_Year_Itch) , directed by Billy Wilder (/wiki/Billy_Wilder) . It was created by costume designer William Travilla (/wiki/William_Travilla) and worn in the movie's best-known scene. [1] (#cite_note-1) The image of it and her above a windy subway grating has been described as one of the most iconic images (/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important) of the 20th century. [2] (#cite_note-Shmoop-2) History [ edit ] Costume designer William Travilla, known as Travilla, won an Oscar for his work in The Adventures of Don Juan (/wiki/Adventures_of_Don_Juan) in 1948. In 1952, at 20th Century Fox, he began working with Monroe for the film Don't Bother to Knock (/wiki/Don%27t_Bother_to_Knock) . He designed her clothes for eight films and said they had a brief affair. [3] (#cite_note-LM-3) In 1954, while his wife Dona Drake (/wiki/Dona_Drake) was on vacation, he designed the white cocktail dress Monroe wore. According to the book Hollywood Costume: Glamour! Glitter! Romance! by Dale McConathy and Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) , he instead bought it off the rack. He denied this. [4] (#cite_note-4) Monroe stands with a white dress in the theatrical trailer of the 1955 film The Seven Year Itch . The dress appears in the sequence of The Seven Year Itch in which Monroe (playing "the Girl") and costar Tom Ewell (/wiki/Tom_Ewell) ("Richard Sherman") exit the Trans-Lux 52nd Street Theatre (/wiki/Trans-Lux) on Lexington Avenue in New York City, [5] (#cite_note-5) having just watched Creature from the Black Lagoon (/wiki/Creature_from_the_Black_Lagoon) . When they hear a subway train passing below the sidewalk grate, she steps on it and asks "Ooh, do you feel the breeze from the subway?" as the wind blows the dress up, exposing her legs. The scene was scheduled to shoot on the street outside the Trans-Lux at 1:00 am on September 15, 1954. Monroe and the movie cameras caught the curiosity of hundreds of fans, so director Billy Wilder reshot the moment on a set (/wiki/The_Seven_Year_Itch#Production) at 20th Century Fox. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The scene was compared to a similar event in the 1901 short film, What Happened on Twenty-third Street, New York City (/wiki/What_Happened_on_Twenty-third_Street,_New_York_City) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The leg shot was called one of the iconic images of the entire 20th century. [10] (#cite_note-10) After Monroe's death in 1962, Travilla kept the dress locked up with many of the costumes he made for her, to the point the collection was rumored lost. [11] (#cite_note-11) After he died in 1990, the clothes were displayed by his colleague Bill Sarris. [12] (#cite_note-12) It joined the private collection of Hollywood memorabilia owned by Debbie Reynolds (/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds) at the Hollywood Motion Picture Museum. [13] (#cite_note-13) During an interview with Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) , Reynolds said it was ecru (/wiki/Ecru) , "because as you know it is very very old now". [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2011, she said she would sell the entire collection at a staged auction, beginning on June 18. [15] (#cite_note-COF-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) It was predicted to sell for between $1 and $2 million, [17] (#cite_note-PigeonForge-17) but made $5.6 million (including a $1 million commission (/wiki/Commission_(remuneration)) ). [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) A similar dress, also by Travilla, was worn by actress Roxanne Arlen (/wiki/Roxanne_Arlen) in the 1962 film Bachelor Flat (/wiki/Bachelor_Flat) . [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Design [ edit ] The light-colored ivory cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) . The dress is a light-colored ivory cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) in a style that was in vogue in the 1950s and 1960s. The halter (/wiki/Halterneck) -like bodice (/wiki/Bodice) has a plunging neckline and is made of two pieces of softly pleated (/wiki/Pleat) cellulose acetate (/wiki/Rayon#Acetate) (then considered a type of rayon (/wiki/Rayon) ) fabric [22] (#cite_note-22) that come together behind the neck, leaving the wearer's arms, shoulders and back bare. The halter is attached to a band situated immediately under the breasts. The dress fits closely from there to the natural waistline. A soft and narrow self belt was wrapped around the torso, criss-crossing in front and then tied into a small neat bow at the waist, at the front on the left side. Below the waistband is a softly pleated skirt (/wiki/Skirt) that reaches to mid-calf or below the calf length. [23] (#cite_note-23) There is a zipper at the back of the bodice, and tiny buttons at the back of the halter. Reception [ edit ] Monroe sculpture in Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) , England (/wiki/England) . Monroe's husband at the time the movie was filmed, Joe DiMaggio (/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio) , is said to have "hated" the dress, [17] (#cite_note-PigeonForge-17) but it is a popular element of Monroe's legacy. In the years following Monroe's death, images of her wearing the white dress were shown in many of the imitations, representations, and posthumous depictions of the actress. As an example, a full-sized plaster likeness of Monroe in this dress was featured in a key scene in the Ken Russell (/wiki/Ken_Russell) film of the Who (/wiki/The_Who) 's Tommy (/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)) (1975). It has been emulated even into the late 20th and throughout the 21st century in cinema, worn by Fiona (/wiki/Princess_Fiona) in Shrek 2 (/wiki/Shrek_2) (2004), by Amy Poehler (/wiki/Amy_Poehler) in Blades of Glory (/wiki/Blades_of_Glory) (2007), and Anna Faris (/wiki/Anna_Faris) in The House Bunny (/wiki/The_House_Bunny) (2008), among others. In the film The Woman in Red (/wiki/The_Woman_in_Red_(1984_film)) (1984), Kelly Le Brock (/wiki/Kelly_Le_Brock) repeats the same scene, but wearing a red dress. Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazine website has classified the dress as one of history's most famous dresses. [24] (#cite_note-24) A similar survey conducted by Cancer Research UK (/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK) voted the dress number one of all-time iconic celebrity fashion moments. [25] (#cite_note-25) See also [ edit ] 1950s portal (/wiki/Portal:1950s) Forever Marilyn (/wiki/Forever_Marilyn) – a gigantic statue of Marilyn in the dress standing over the subway grate by Seward Johnson (/wiki/John_Seward_Johnson_II) Pink dress of Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Pink_dress_of_Marilyn_Monroe) Black dress of Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Black_dress_of_Rita_Hayworth) Black Givenchy dress of Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Black_Givenchy_dress_of_Audrey_Hepburn) List of film memorabilia (/wiki/List_of_film_memorabilia) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) List of photographs considered the most important (/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "William Travilla Biography (1920–1990)" (http://www.filmreference.com/film/32/William-Travilla.html) . Film Reference . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Shmoop_2-0) Shmoop (11 July 2010). History of Fashion in America: Shmoop US History Guide . Shmoop University Inc. p. 21. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61062-141-0 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-LM_3-0) "She was the easiest person I ever worked with" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201029100759/http://www.lovingmarilyn.com/travilla.html) . Loving Marilyn . Archived from the original (http://www.lovingmarilyn.com/travilla.html) on 29 October 2020 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "William Travilla" (http://goldenhollywoodera.com/williamtravilla.php) . Golden Hollywood Era . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Trans-Lux 52nd Street Theatre, 586 Lexington Avenue, New York (http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/6377) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Marilyn" Essay by (http://www.georgezimbel.com/collection/marilyn/) George S. Zimbel (/wiki/George_S._Zimbel) . Montreal, July 2000. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Donahue, Anna T (15 September 2014). " (https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2014/sep/15/marilyn-monroe-seven-year-itch-dress) 'That silly little dress': the story behind Marilyn Monroe's iconic scene" (https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2014/sep/15/marilyn-monroe-seven-year-itch-dress) . The Guardian . Retrieved 1 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rosemary Hanes with Brian Taves. " Moving Image Section – Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awmi10/) " The Library of Congress (/wiki/The_Library_of_Congress) . Retrieved 5 January 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Grieveson, Lee; Krämer, Peter (2004). The Silent Cinema Reader . Psychology Press. p. 46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-25284-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Seven Year Itch" (http://www.rottentomatoes.com/movie-1018644/) . Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "William Travilla" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/william-travilla/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hines, Nico (2 October 2007). " (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2567587.ece) 'Lost collection' of Marilyn Monroe's dresses to go on show" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2567587.ece) . The Times . UK . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022206/http://www.hmpc.tv/thecollection_fashion.html) . HMPC. Archived from the original (http://www.hmpc.tv/thecollection_fashion.html) on 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Debbie Reynolds' Hollywood Treasures" (http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Debbie-Reynolds-Hollywood-Memorabilia-Auction) . The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-COF_15-0) "Debbie Reynolds' Costume Collection Up For Auction" (http://clothesonfilm.com/debbie-reynolds-costume-collection-up-for-auction/19540/) . Clothes on Film . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Debbie Reynolds The Auction" (http://www.profilesinhistory.com/press-releases/debbie-reynolds-the-auction-press-release) (Press release). 17 February 2011 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Amy McRary (1 May 2011), "Debbie Reynolds' famous items once bound for Pigeon Forge go up for auction next month" (http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2011/may/01/famous-items-once-bound-pigeon-forge-go-auction-ne/) , Knoxville News Sentinel (/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel) ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Monroe dress fetches $5.6m" (http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0619/breaking43.html) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . 19 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Marilyn Monroe's Seven Year Itch dress sells for $4.6m" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13828609) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 19 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Bachelor Flat (1961)" (https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0054651/) . IMDb. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Spoto, Donald (1993). Marilyn Monroe: The Biography . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Lack, Hannah (15 January 2020). "Remember when Marilyn Monroe's white cocktail dress made movie history?" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/marilyn-monroe-white-dress-remember-when/index.html) . CNN Style . Retrieved 15 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Spoto, Donald (2001). Marilyn Monroe: the biography . Cooper Square Press (/wiki/Cooper_Square_Press) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Marilyn Monroe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063542/http://www.glamour.com/fashion/2007/04/famous-dresses#slide=6) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . 31 March 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/2007/04/famous-dresses#slide=6) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Marilyn Monroe's white dress tops iconic celebrity fashion moments" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121008053302/http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/843736-marilyn-monroes-white-dress-tops-iconic-celebrity-fashion-moments) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . 12 October 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/843736-marilyn-monroes-white-dress-tops-iconic-celebrity-fashion-moments) on 8 October 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Seven Year Itch (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Seven_Year_Itch) . 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Indian fashion designer Esha Sethi Thirani (born in Kolkata (/wiki/Kolkata) , 9 October 1986) is an Indian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) with her own label based in the cultural city of Calcutta, once the capital of British India, situated in the eastern part of the country. She is deeply inspired by shapes, architecture and nature which ultimately find their way into her eclectic aesthetic. Her attention to detail, and curiosity for style beyond the ordinary, presented itself in luxurious fabrications and embroideries that is a signature for her creations. With its roots dug in quality craftsmanship and sophisticated tailoring, Esha Sethi Thirani creates modern designs combined with traditional Indian art and craft. Her technical knowledge of a garment’s proper fit and design, combined with her artistic eye and design sensibility, results in an effortless, affordable and wearable line that reflects the kind of woman she is herself; strong, fun, and fearless. She showcased her Autumn Winter 2018 Couture Collection ‘ QALAMKAR (/wiki/Kalamkari) ' at The Intercontinental, Le Grand Palais, Paris (/wiki/Paris) , during The Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . Career [ edit ] Upon graduating from Lancaster University (/wiki/Lancaster_University) in the UK with an M.A in Human Resources and Knowledge management in 2008, Esha returned to Kolkata realizing her true calling was in the field of fashion and creative arts. [ citation needed ] She began her career studying fashion design at The Bhawanipur Education Society College (/wiki/Bhawanipur_Education_Society_College) , where she won the ‘Designer of the Year’ award in 2012. [ citation needed ] She started her eponymous label ‘Esha Sethi Thirani' in 2013. [ citation needed ] In 2018, Esha Sethi Thirani showcased her Autumn Winter 2018 Couture Collection ‘ QALAMKAR (/wiki/Kalamkari) ' on 3 March 2018 at The Intercontinental, Le Grand Palais, Paris (/wiki/Paris) , during The Paris Fashion Week. [ citation needed ] Bollywood and Esha [ edit ] Esha Sethi Thirani has styled celebrities like Shraddha Kapoor, [1] (#cite_note-1) Sonakshi Sinha, [2] (#cite_note-2) Aditi Rao Hydari, [3] (#cite_note-3) Taapsee Pannu, [4] (#cite_note-4) Lara Dutta, [5] (#cite_note-5) Amyra Dastur, [6] (#cite_note-6) Shriya Saran, [7] (#cite_note-7) Gauhar Khan, [8] (#cite_note-8) etc. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Yay or Nay : Shraddha Kapoor in Esha Sethi Thirani and Promod" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/celebrity-style/377841/yay-or-nay-shraddha-kapoor-esha-sethi-thirani-and-promod) . www.pinkvilla.com . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sonakshi Sinha Proves You Can Never Go Wrong With A Black Dress | Appearances" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180326204229/http://appearances.in/celebrity/sonakshi-sinha-proves-you-can-never-go-wrong-with-a-black-dress/) . MyFashgram . 11 April 2017. Archived from the original (http://appearances.in/celebrity/sonakshi-sinha-proves-you-can-never-go-wrong-with-a-black-dress/) on 26 March 2018 . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Yay or Nay : Aditi Rao Hydari in Esha Sethi Thirani" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/celebrity-style/378164/yay-or-nay-aditi-rao-hydari-esha-sethi-thirani) . www.pinkvilla.com . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Taapsee Pannu in Esha Sethi Thirani –South India Fashion" (https://www.southindiafashion.com/2017/07/taapsee-pannu-in-esha-sethi-thirani-saree-at-an-event.html) . South India Fashion . 7 July 2017 . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Esha Sethi Thirani Archives - FashionPro" (http://fashionpro.me/tag/esha-sethi-thirani/) . FashionPro . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Amyra Dastur in a contemporary white lehenga" (https://www.southindiafashion.com/2017/05/aditi-rao-hydari-esha-sethi-thirani-outfit.html/amyra-dastur-in-a-contemporary-white-lehenga) . South India Fashion . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Shriya Saran in Esha Sethi Thirani –South India Fashion" (https://www.southindiafashion.com/2017/07/shriya-saran-esha-sethi-thirani-siima-awards-2017.html) . South India Fashion . 2 July 2017 . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "In Esha Sethi Thirani - High Heel Confidential" (https://www.highheelconfidential.com/gauahar-khan-wears-esha-sethi-thirani-to-badrinath-ki-dulhania-success-bash/) . High Heel Confidential . 17 March 2017 . Retrieved 26 March 2018 . Bibliography Miss Malini (https://www.missmalini.com/2018/03/05/10-indian-designers-who-showed-at-new-york-london-paris-fashion-week/) Vogue (https://www.vogue.in/content/best-dressed-this-week-aditi-rao-hydari-and-kareena-kapoor-khan/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lsqr6 Cached time: 20240715054836 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.210 seconds Real time usage: 0.349 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1802/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29270/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4882/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29981/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.130/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5224407/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 336.488 1 -total 35.85% 120.641 1 Template:Reflist 29.65% 99.760 1 Template:Short_description 22.43% 75.466 3 Template:Cite_web 14.87% 50.035 6 Template:Fix 14.71% 49.498 4 Template:Citation_needed 13.71% 46.141 12 Template:Main_other 13.67% 45.983 1 Template:Authority_control 13.52% 45.487 2 Template:Pagetype 12.70% 42.729 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56945305-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715054836 and revision id 1213860418. 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Ebony Fashion Fair Company type Fashion Show (/wiki/Fashion_Show) Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Founded 1958 ; 66 years ago ( 1958 ) Defunct 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Headquarters Johnson Publishing Company (/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company) Chicago, Illinois (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) Key people Eunice Walker–Johnson (founder) Products Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) (1973) Website fashionfair (http://fashionfair.com/aboutus.php) .com (http://fashionfair.com/aboutus.php) /aboutus (http://fashionfair.com/aboutus.php) .php (http://fashionfair.com/aboutus.php) Ebony Fashion Fair (also known as the Ebony Traveling Fashion Fair ) was an annual fashion (/wiki/Fashion) event created by Eunice Johnson (/wiki/Eunice_Johnson) , co–founder of the Chicago, Illinois (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) –based Johnson Publishing Company (/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company) . The show ran across the United States and other countries from 1958 until 2009. In addition to the fashion fair, the company also created a cosmetic line named Fashion Fair Cosmetics , in 1973. As of 2017, Fashion Fair Cosmetics are still available for purchase. History [ edit ] In 1956, John H. Johnson (/wiki/John_H._Johnson) , [1] (#cite_note-1) founder of the Johnson Publishing Company (/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company) , was approached by Jessie Dent [2] (#cite_note-2) (the wife of the president of Dillard University (/wiki/Dillard_University) ), who asked Johnson to supply models for a charity fundraiser benefiting the Flint-Goodridge Hospital (/wiki/Flint-Goodridge_Hospital) [3] (#cite_note-3) located on Dillard University's New Orleans campus. Reluctant to use the models featured in the magazines published by his company, Johnson instead offered to provide the clothing. Johnson and Dent then came to an agreement: Johnson Publishing Company would supply the garments for the fundraiser, and, each ticket to enter the show would include a subscription to either Ebony [4] (#cite_note-4) or Jet Magazine— both published by Johnson's company. The Ebony Fashion Fair was launched in 1958 by the Johnson Publishing company (/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company) and repeated annually for five decades under Eunice Walker Johnson (/wiki/Eunice_W._Johnson) ; [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) the director and producer of the show. The Ebony Fashion Fair (also known as the Ebony Travelling Fashion Fair ), traveled to 30 cities over its 51-year run providing exclusive fashion to “hundreds of thousands attendees across the United States, Canada and the Caribbean” (Bivins.11). [7] (#cite_note-7) The show was held in 187 venues with audiences as large as 5,000 attendees. The Ebony Fashion Fair not only helped to boost the Johnson Publishing Company's brand identity, it also raised $55 million in funds for African American charities. [8] (#cite_note-8) The show featured male and female models of mostly African-American (/wiki/African-American) descent modeling fashions from top European designers such as: Yves St Laurent (/wiki/Yves_St_Laurent_(designer)) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) , and Emanuel Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The Fashion Fair held its last show in 2009, due to Eunice Walkers' death in January, 2010. [10] (#cite_note-10) Fashion Fair Cosmetics [ edit ] When Eunice Johnson noticed that the models at the Ebony Fashion Fair "were mixing foundations to create the right blend to match their hues", she initially approached existing cosmetics companies and asked them to develop make-up lines which would suit the specific needs of women of color. However, as she was met with resistance from the companies she approached, she and her husband, John H. Johnson (/wiki/John_H._Johnson) , created the Capsule Collection, a small make-up compact in a mail-order package. Due to high-demand, the product led to the creation of a full cosmetic line named Fashion Fair Cosmetics, after the fashion show in 1973. According to Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) , Fashion Fair Cosmetics was once the largest black-owned cosmetics company in the world. [11] (#cite_note-Fortune_Profile-11) In April 2019, a United Kingdom creditor petitioned a judge to force the company to sell its Fashion Fair Cosmetics UK assets. [12] (#cite_note-BAK-12) In November 2019, the brand was acquired by Cheryl Mayberry McKissack and Desirée Rogers (/wiki/Desir%C3%A9e_Rogers) . [13] (#cite_note-Black_Enterprise-13) Legacy [ edit ] From March 2013 thru May 2014, the Chicago History Museum (/wiki/Chicago_History_Museum) displayed an exhibition titled Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years Of Ebony Fashion Fair . The exhibition featured several ensembles featured in Fashion Fair shows during its half-century history. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) The exhibition traveled nationally beginning in fall 2014, with stops including the Museum of Design Atlanta (/wiki/Museum_of_Design_Atlanta) and the Milwaukee Art Museum (/wiki/Milwaukee_Art_Museum) . [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "John H. Johnson" (http://www.biography.com/people/john-h-johnson-020116) . Biography . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Movers and Shakers: The Dent Family" (http://www.amistadresearchcenter.org/single-post/2016/03/21/New-Orleans-Movers-and-Shakers-The-Dent-Family) . Amistad Research Center | Independent Archive . 21 March 2016 . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The history of Flint-Goodridge Hospital of Dillard University" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611800) . Journal of the National Medical Association . 61 (6): 533–536. November 1, 1969. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0027-9684 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-9684) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2611800 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611800) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 4902313 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4902313) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Ebony Fashion Fair: Changing History On The Catwalk" (https://www.npr.org/2014/02/15/276987206/the-ebony-fashion-fair-changing-history-on-the-catwalk) . NPR.org . February 15, 2014 . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Eunice Walker Johnson | American entrepreneur" (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eunice-Walker-Johnson) . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ebony Fashion Fair and Eunice Johnson" (http://americacomesalive.com/2015/02/09/ebony-fashion-fair-eunice-johnson/) . America Comes Alive . February 9, 2015 . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bivins, Joy L; Adams, Rosemary K; Chicago History Museum (2013-01-01). Inspiring beauty: 50 years of Ebony Fashion Fair . Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Historical Society. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780913820377 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 834525766 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/834525766) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Ebony Fashion Fair: Changing History On The Catwalk" (https://www.npr.org/2014/02/15/276987206/the-ebony-fashion-fair-changing-history-on-the-catwalk) . NPR.org . February 15, 2014 . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Haute Couture of Eunice Johnson" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hermene-hartman/inspiring-beauty-chicago-history-museum_b_2946201.html) . Huffington Post . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hevesi, Dennis (January 9, 2010). "Eunice Johnson Dies at 93; Gave Ebony Its Name" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/business/media/10johnson.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fortune_Profile_11-0) Larson, Kristin (17 September 2019). "Can Fashion Fair Cosmetics Make a Comeback?" (https://fortune.com/2019/09/17/can-fashion-fair-cosmetics-make-a-comeback/) . Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) . Retrieved 14 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-BAK_12-0) Chicago Crusader (Johnson Publishing files for bankruptcy) April 11, 2019 (https://chicagocrusader.com/johnson-publishing-files-for-bankruptcy/) ^ (#cite_ref-Black_Enterprise_13-0) Clarke, Caroline V. (14 November 2019). "Can the New Owners of Fashion Fair Give the Once-Iconic Brand a Business Makeover?" (https://www.blackenterprise.com/new-owners-fashion-fair-iconic-brand-business-makeover/) . Black Enterprise (/wiki/Black_Enterprise) . Retrieved 14 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Chicago History Museum Ebony Fashion Fair 'Inspiring Beauty' Exhibit Opens Saturday" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/15/chicago-history-museum-eb_n_2885520.html) . Huffington Post . March 15, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140419225221/http://www.chicagohistory.org/inspiringbeauty/) . Chicago History Museum . Archived from the original (http://chicagohistory.org/inspiringbeauty/) on 2014-04-19 . Retrieved 2014-04-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20150328055941/http://www.chicagohistory.org/inspiringbeauty/venues.html) Inspiring Beauty venues" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150328055941/http://www.chicagohistory.org/inspiringbeauty/venues.html) . Chicago History Museum . Archived from the original (http://chicagohistory.org/inspiringbeauty/venues.html) on 2015-03-28 . Retrieved 2015-04-04 . 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This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Ethiopian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_fashion_designers) . It includes Ethiopian fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐m764l Cached time: 20240722155338 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.049 seconds Real time usage: 0.065 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 93/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2041/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 329/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2310/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.031/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 736630/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 57.756 1 Template:Non-diffusing_subcategory 100.00% 57.756 1 -total 92.11% 53.197 1 Template:Cmbox 33.24% 19.197 3 Template:Trim 21.61% 12.481 1 Template:Title_demonym 16.99% 9.810 1 Template:Find_demonym 4.79% 2.769 1 Template:Single_namespace 2.46% 1.419 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74287905-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722155338 and revision id 1203093962. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Ethiopian women fashion designers" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Amsale Aberra (/wiki/Amsale_Aberra) Fikirte Addis (/wiki/Fikirte_Addis) Mahlet Afework (/wiki/Mahlet_Afework) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ethiopian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1203093962 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ethiopian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1203093962) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ethiopian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_fashion_designers) Ethiopian women artists (/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden category: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories)
This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/T-skirt) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "T-skirt" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22T-skirt%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22T-skirt%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22T-skirt%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22T-skirt%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22T-skirt%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22T-skirt%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) T-skirt A T-shirt skirt is a simple and comfortable garment made from repurposed T-shirts. They are generally knee or above the knee in length and normally highly patterned with varied designs. The skirt is generally an "A-Line" design which is tight around the hips and widens out in an "A" shape right down the length of the skirt. There are also versions that are tighter in shape .T-skirts can be environmentally beneficial as they repurpose old T-shirts, reducing textile waste and the need for new materials. By using sustainable materials like organic cotton or recycled fibers, and employing eco-friendly production methods, they help minimize water use, chemical pollution, and carbon emissions. Additionally, T-skirts support ethical manufacturing practices and promote longevity, durability, and recyclability, further reducing their environmental impact. This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-skirt&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐d5h58 Cached time: 20240712173613 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.170 seconds Real time usage: 0.218 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 216/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12506/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 33/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7369/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.127/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1737379/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 195.625 1 -total 41.37% 80.936 1 Template:Unreferenced 37.86% 74.067 1 Template:Clothing-stub 36.92% 72.226 1 Template:Asbox 33.48% 65.499 1 Template:Ambox 20.63% 40.365 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 19.78% 38.693 1 Template:Infobox 6.19% 12.108 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 2.63% 5.138 1 Template:PAGENAMEBASE 0.89% 1.744 1 Template:Template_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19069268-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173613 and revision id 1227330084. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-skirt&oldid=1227330084 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-skirt&oldid=1227330084) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Skirts (/wiki/Category:Skirts) Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from May 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_May_2016) All articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources) Articles using infobox templates with no data rows (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_templates_with_no_data_rows) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 12th-century fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:12th-century_fashion) . Fashion in the 12th century. 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐q5mgd Cached time: 20240722044721 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.122 seconds Real time usage: 0.173 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 184/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4496/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 316/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4275/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.087/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1524046/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 162.883 1 -total 55.19% 89.890 1 Template:Navseasoncats 44.75% 72.892 1 Template:Commons_category 43.28% 70.499 1 Template:Sister_project 42.16% 68.665 1 Template:Side_box 20.77% 33.831 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38831138-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722044721 and revision id 995049413. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "12th-century fashion" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1100–1200 in European fashion (/wiki/1100%E2%80%931200_in_European_fashion) B Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) G Gown (/wiki/Gown) S Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:12th-century_fashion&oldid=995049413 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:12th-century_fashion&oldid=995049413) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 12th century (/wiki/Category:12th_century) Fashion by century (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_century) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 12th century in the arts (/wiki/Category:12th_century_in_the_arts) Medieval costume (/wiki/Category:Medieval_costume) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Norwegian model This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Siri_Lehland&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Siri+Lehland&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Siri+Lehland) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Siri_Lehland) for suggestions. ( April 2019 ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Siri Lehland" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Siri+Lehland%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Siri+Lehland%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Siri+Lehland%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Siri+Lehland%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Siri+Lehland%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Siri+Lehland%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Siri Lehland Born Siri Pajuniemi Lehland ( 2001-02-12 ) 12 February 2001 (age 23) Kristiansand, Norway (/wiki/Kristiansand,_Norway) Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Agency Monster Management (Milan) Oui Management (Paris) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York) Website http://www.monster-mgmt.com/model/7249/siri-lehland (http://www.monster-mgmt.com/model/7249/siri-lehland) Siri Lehland (born 12 February 2001 in Kristiansand (/wiki/Kristiansand) ) is a Norwegian model. She was featured on the front cover of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) in August 2018. She has modeled for various agencies including Monster Management (/w/index.php?title=Monster_Management&action=edit&redlink=1) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Oui Management (/w/index.php?title=Oui_Management&action=edit&redlink=1) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , and Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Lehland was assigned male at birth (/wiki/Assigned_male_at_birth) . [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) She was first discovered by agent Donna Ionna (/w/index.php?title=Donna_Ionna&action=edit&redlink=1) at age twelve. Ioanna has previously been the finding agent of models such as Siri Tollerød (/wiki/Siri_Toller%C3%B8d) , Frida Aasen (/wiki/Frida_Aasen) , Julia Rudby (/w/index.php?title=Julia_Rudby&action=edit&redlink=1) , and Maria Zachariassen (/w/index.php?title=Maria_Zachariassen&action=edit&redlink=1) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Her interest for modeling began at age ten, when Lehland met model Siri Tollerød (/wiki/Siri_Toller%C3%B8d) , also from Kristiansand, on a family vacation in New York. Discovered by model agent (/wiki/Model_agent) Donna Ioanna at age 12, she traveled to Italy to work for Monster Management in Milan at age 14. [4] (#cite_note-4) She was described as an emerging Norwegian supermodel by NRK (/wiki/NRK) in 2018. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Sællmann, Siv Kristin (11 August 2018). "Siri (17) ble født i guttekropp – nå går modelldrømmen i oppfyllelse" (https://www.nrk.no/sorlandet/siri-_17_-ble-fodt-i-guttekropp-_-na-gar-modelldrommen-i-oppfyllelse-1.14162247) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Siri (17) ble født i guttekropp. Nå pryder hun forsiden av kjent motemagasin" (https://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/i/KvAXey/Siri-17-ble-fodt-i-guttekropp-Na-pryder-hun-forsiden-av-Elle) . 13 August 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Siri Lehland" (https://www.bellazon.com/main/topic/69427-siri-lehland/) . Bellazon . 8 August 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Siri (17) ble født i guttekropp. Nå pryder hun forsiden på kjent motemagasin" (https://www.fvn.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/oRaPz7/-Det-er-ikke-noe-alternativ-a-ikke-vare-Siri) . 12 August 2018. This Norwegian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siri_Lehland&action=edit) . v t e This biography related to lesbian (/wiki/Lesbian) , gay (/wiki/Gay) , bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) , or transgender (/wiki/Transgender) history (/wiki/LGBT_history) or culture (/wiki/LGBT_culture) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siri_Lehland&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Pseudoscientific detoxification Ionithermie is a cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) treatment performed in spas (/wiki/Spa) , intended to remove cellulite (/wiki/Cellulite) using electrical muscle stimulation (/wiki/Electrical_muscle_stimulation) combined with a lotion made of algae, seaweed extracts and amino acids. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-Alam-2) The lotion is mixed with clay, and electrodes are placed on the clay to enact iontophoresis (/wiki/Iontophoresis) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The specific materials vary from treatment provider, [2] (#cite_note-Alam-2) such as including guarana (/wiki/Guarana) extract, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) and the results are generally small. [4] (#cite_note-4) It uses direct current (/wiki/Direct_current) and is similar to another cellulite electrotherapy (/wiki/Electrotherapy) treatment called galvanization. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Ionthermie was invented by French biochemist Olivier Fouche (/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Fouche&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1978, [6] (#cite_note-6) [2] (#cite_note-Alam-2) although a separate source claims it was invented in 1979. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) While it has been described as pseudoscientific, [2] (#cite_note-Alam-2) one study in 2006 reported modest results. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [7] (#cite_note-7) : 120 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Feldman, Melissa (2018-03-09). "Ionithermie Cellulite Treatment Reviews: Does It Work?" (https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/cellulite-cream-reviews/ionithermie-cellulite-treatment.html) . Consumer Health Digest . Retrieved 2023-12-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Murad Alam (/wiki/Murad_Alam) , Jeffrey S. Dover (2008). Non-Surgical Skin Tightening and Lifting . Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 121. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1416059608 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 213447776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/213447776) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ionithermie" (https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4436) . Skeptoid . Retrieved 2023-12-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Coleman, Kyle M.; Coleman, William P.; Benchetrit, Arie (December 2009). "Non-Invasive, External Ultrasonic Lipolysis" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2009.10.004) . Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery . 28 (4): 263–267. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.sder.2009.10.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sder.2009.10.004) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1085-5629 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1085-5629) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 20123426 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20123426) . ^ Jump up to: a b Laskowska, Justyna; Hadław-Klimaszewska, Olga; Jankowska, Agnieszka; Zdziechowski, Adam; Woldańska-Okońska, Marta (2021). "Overview of wellness methods for people practicing sports" (https://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202102133) . Wiadomości Lekarskie . 74 (2): 355–361. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.36740/wlek202102133 (https://doi.org/10.36740%2Fwlek202102133) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0043-5147 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0043-5147) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 33813500 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33813500) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Abel, Steve (2023-08-25). "What Is Ionithermie Cellulite Reduction? - Cellulite Removal" (https://www.doctorabel.us/cellulite-removal/what-is-ionithermie-cellulite-reduction.html) . Doctor Steve Abel . Retrieved 2023-12-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Taub, Amy Forman; Sadick, Neil S. (2009), "Non-Ablative Tightening and Lifting on the Body" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-5960-8.50017-x) , Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series: Non-Surgical Skin Tightening and Lifting , Elsevier, pp. 119–137, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5960-8.50017-x (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4160-5960-8.50017-x) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4160-5960-8 , retrieved 2023-12-24 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐7lzf4 Cached time: 20240719190049 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.271 seconds Real time usage: 0.351 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 808/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15735/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 505/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29101/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.170/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4568149/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 330.565 1 -total 61.91% 204.664 1 Template:Reflist 40.04% 132.364 3 Template:Cite_web 27.12% 89.659 1 Template:Short_description 16.05% 53.064 2 Template:Pagetype 8.60% 28.417 1 Template:Rp 6.91% 22.855 1 Template:R/superscript 6.91% 22.851 2 Template:Cite_journal 6.64% 21.943 3 Template:Main_other 5.79% 19.153 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2872862-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719190049 and revision id 1224929998. 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Retail clothing chain For the video game, see M.C. Kids (/wiki/M.C._Kids) . McKids Industry Clothing McKids was a chain of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) stores marketed to children and operated by the McDonald's Corporation (/wiki/McDonald%27s) through a partnership with Sears (/wiki/Sears) . [1] (#cite_note-SearstoOpen-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Overview [ edit ] In July 1987, Sears began selling the McKids line of children's clothing. [1] (#cite_note-SearstoOpen-1) In December 1988, Sears opened the first 7 free-standing McKids stores. [1] (#cite_note-SearstoOpen-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) In early 1991, all 47 free-standing McKids stores were closed. [5] (#cite_note-Toyland-5) The McKids line of clothing continued to be sold at Sears stores. [5] (#cite_note-Toyland-5) In 1997, McKids clothing began to be sold exclusively at Wal-Mart (/wiki/Walmart) . [6] (#cite_note-Revives-6) McDonald's exclusivity agreement with Wal-Mart ended at the end of 2003, and in 2004 the McKids brand was launched internationally, with 15 stores being opened in China. [6] (#cite_note-Revives-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Sears to Open McKids Stores" (https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/10/business/sears-to-open-mckids-stores.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 10 August 1988 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sears, Mcdonald's Cook Up New Clothes Line -- Mckids" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-11-10/business/8603240454_1_sears-maybelline-mckids) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sears History - 1988-1992 (http://www.sears.ca/content/corporate-info/about/history/1988-1992) , Sears Canada (/wiki/Sears_Canada) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130117191006/http://www.sears.ca/content/corporate-info/about/history/1988-1992) January 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Agnes Torres Al-Shibibi, " The New Kids' Store On The Block Makes Shopping Into Child's Play (http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-04-08/lifestyle/8904080223_1_stores-kids-r-children-clothing) ", Orlando Sentinel (/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel) , April 8, 1989. Accessed September 29, 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b Marianne Taylor, " Mckids Leaving Toyland (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-01-11/business/9101030700_1_sears-officials-mckids-store-manager) ", Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , January 11, 1991. Accessed September 29, 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b "McDonald's Revives McKids, Closes Redbox - Chiefmarketer" (http://www.chiefmarketer.com/mcdonalds-revives-mckids-closes-redbox/) . Chiefmarketer . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " Burger giant plans clothing range (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3567529.stm) ", BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) , March 25, 2004. Accessed September 29, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Liz Clarke, " McDonald's Goes for Gold With Olympic Sponsorships (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6531-2004Aug16.html) ", Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) , August 17, 2004; Page E01. Accessed September 29, 2015 External links [ edit ] TV commercial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSlXIWhJ6gA) Links to related articles v t e McDonald's (/wiki/McDonald%27s) History (/wiki/History_of_McDonald%27s) Advertising (/wiki/McDonald%27s_advertising) marketing campaigns (/wiki/List_of_McDonald%27s_marketing_campaigns) Countries with franchises (/wiki/List_of_countries_with_McDonald%27s_restaurants) Legal cases (/wiki/McDonald%27s_legal_cases) Product list (/wiki/List_of_McDonald%27s_products) International availability (/wiki/International_availability_of_McDonald%27s_products) McDonald's and unions (/wiki/McDonald%27s_and_unions) People Richard and Maurice McDonald (/wiki/Richard_and_Maurice_McDonald) Ray Kroc (/wiki/Ray_Kroc) Joan Kroc (/wiki/Joan_Kroc) Ralph Alvarez (/wiki/Ralph_Alvarez) Charlie Bell (/wiki/Charlie_Bell_(businessman)) Al Bernardin (/wiki/Al_Bernardin) Jim Cantalupo (/wiki/Jim_Cantalupo) George Cohon (/wiki/George_Cohon) Dan Coudreaut (/wiki/Dan_Coudreaut) Steve Easterbrook (/wiki/Steve_Easterbrook) Janice L. 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Related Attacks San Ysidro McDonald's massacre (/wiki/San_Ysidro_McDonald%27s_massacre) (1984) Taiwan McDonald's bombings (/wiki/Taiwan_McDonald%27s_bombings) (1992) Sydney River McDonald's murders (/wiki/Sydney_River_McDonald%27s_murders) (1992) Murder of Wu Shuoyan (/wiki/Murder_of_Wu_Shuoyan) (2014) Munich shooting (/wiki/2016_Munich_shooting) (2016) Magnificent Mile shooting (/wiki/Magnificent_Mile_shooting) (2022) McDelivery (/wiki/McDelivery) Big Mac Index (/wiki/Big_Mac_Index) McDonald's Young Entertainers (/wiki/McDonald%27s_Young_Entertainers) McWords (/wiki/McWord) " Seriously McDonalds (/wiki/Seriously_McDonalds) " Statue of a Quarter Pounder (/wiki/Statue_of_a_Quarter_Pounder) Taylor Company (/wiki/Taylor_Company) Urban legends (/wiki/McDonald%27s_urban_legends) " Boom, Like That (/wiki/Boom,_Like_That) " The Founder (/wiki/The_Founder) (2016 film) McMillions (/wiki/McMillions) (2020 documentary series) List of nicknames for McDonald's (/wiki/List_of_nicknames_for_McDonald%27s) This United States retail business article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McKids&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fzjgd Cached time: 20240712170137 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.338 seconds Real time usage: 0.453 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1541/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64148/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 18576/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31098/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.220/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4540553/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 395.081 1 -total 28.01% 110.646 1 Template:Reflist 23.09% 91.232 1 Template:Navboxes 21.78% 86.040 3 Template:Cite_web 21.65% 85.549 1 Template:Infobox_company 21.36% 84.373 3 Template:Navbox 21.22% 83.827 1 Template:McDonald's 19.30% 76.256 1 Template:Infobox 16.95% 66.967 1 Template:Short_description 9.90% 39.124 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6457804-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170137 and revision id 1226511558. 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Hairstyle Short twists worn by a young boy Two-stranded twists demonstrated on a hairstylist (/wiki/Hairstylist) 's mannequin (/wiki/Mannequin) Hair twists , flat twists , or mini-twists , are a hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) popular with Afro-textured hair around the world, and sometimes with other hair textures. The style is achieved by dividing the hairs into several sections, twisting strands of hair, then twisting two twisted strands around one another. They can also be created with one strand of hair at a time, with a comb. [1] (#cite_note-1) They are not to be confused with larger, longer dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) , (or "locs"). Twists can be made when naturally curly hair is still wet and somewhat relaxed from soaking with hot water; when the hair dries, it will shrink, creating a tightly woven texture to the hair twists. Twists can also be done with dry hair for a different texture. Twists can be combined with other hairstyles at the same time, such as afro-puffs (/wiki/Afro-puff) and Afro (/wiki/Afro) . In order to maintain twist hairstyles, wearers are advised by hairstylists to cover their hair with a headscarf or durag (/wiki/Durag) at night. [2] (#cite_note-2) On July 3, 2019, California (/wiki/California) became the first US state to prohibit discrimination over natural hair. Governor Gavin Newsom (/wiki/Gavin_Newsom) signed the CROWN Act (/wiki/CROWN_Act_(California)) into law, banning employers and schools from discriminating against hairstyles such as twists, braids, afros, and locks. [3] (#cite_note-3) Likewise, later in 2019 Assembly Bill 07797 became law in New York state; it "prohibits race discrimination based on natural hair or hairstyles." [4] (#cite_note-4) Twist out [ edit ] A variation of hair twists is called a "twist out", [5] (#cite_note-5) where twisted hair is untwisted to create a large, loosely crimped texture. There are two different variations to a "twist out," one method can be done with using two stands of hair and another method uses three stands of hair called a "three stand twist out". Both result in a textured hairstyle when untwisted. [6] (#cite_note-6) Other twist hairstyles include Senegalese twists, Marley twists, and Havana twists. All of these hairstyles require specific types of hair extensions (/wiki/Hair_extensions) that are installed to one's head. These styles have been labeled as protective styles because they protect the person's natural hair from daily manipulation. Senegalese twists originated in Senegal, Africa and are commonly performed in African hair salons across the U.K, Canada, and the U.S. This style uses synthetic Kanekalon hair, which can last anywhere from one to three months. Marley and Havana twists are more recent hairstyles widely spread through the black hair community in 2013. They look very similar to one another, but have distinct differences. Marley twists use Marley hair extensions that can be found in most hair supply stores from various hair companies and Havana twists use Havana hair extensions sold by few companies that are only available online. Havana twists are generally done with fewer twists than the Marley hairstyle and also weigh less in density because the hair is much fluffier in texture than Marley hair. Both hairstyles like Senegalese can last from one to three months, but should not be kept in for a longer period of time. Due to the technique of these hairstyles a person's natural hair can begin to get matted or form into dreadlocks. See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Johnson, Kalimah (2008). Locs for Life: The Root to Well Being for African-American Women . AuthorHouse. pp. 39–41 (https://archive.org/details/locsforliferooto0000john/page/39) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781434357212 . [1] (https://professionelle-haarverlaengerungen.de) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ford, Gilly; Helen Stewart (2003). Hairdressing: S/NVQ Level 3 . Heinemann. p. 381. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780435456474 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "California bans racial discrimination based on hair in schools and workplaces" (https://www.jurist.org/news/2019/07/california-bans-racial-discrimination-based-on-hair-in-schools-and-workplaces/) . JURIST . Retrieved 2019-07-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "New York bans discrimination against natural hair" (https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/452959-new-york-bans-discrimination-against-natural-hair) . The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) . 2019-07-13 . Retrieved 2019-07-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Da Costa, Diane (2004). Textured Tresses: The Ultimate Guide to Maintaining and Styling Natural Hair . Simon & Schuster (/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster) . pp. xxiv. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780743235501 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Da Costa, Diane (2004). Textured Tresses: The Ultimate Guide to Maintaining and Styling Natural Hair . Simon & Schuster (/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster) . p. 103. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780743235501 . External links [ edit ] v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nargis_(magazine)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Nargis_(magazine)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( September 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)#Products_and_services) . 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Find sources: "Nargis" magazine (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nargis%22+magazine) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nargis%22+magazine+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nargis%22+magazine&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nargis%22+magazine+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nargis%22+magazine) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nargis%22+magazine&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Nargis September, 2018 cover featuring Donatella Versace Editor Ulviyya Mahmud Categories Fashion, Art Frequency Monthly Total circulation 10,000 First issue September 13, 2012 ; 11 years ago ( 2012-09-13 ) Company Nargis Publishing House Country Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) (other countries also available) Based in Baku Language Russian and other languages Website www (http://www.nargismagazine.az) .nargismagazine (http://www.nargismagazine.az) .az (http://www.nargismagazine.az) Nargis (pronounced [NH-AR-GHIS], Azerbaijani “nərgiz” – “ narcissus (/wiki/Narcissus_poeticus) ”) is a magazine about fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , lifestyle, beauty (/wiki/Beauty) , art, cinema and music, published since 2012 [1] (#cite_note-1) in Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) . History [ edit ] The magazine was named in honor of the rector of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (/wiki/Moscow_State_University) Baku Branch, the professor Nargiz Pashayeva (/wiki/Nargiz_Pashayeva) , who was on the cover of the first issue. The First Lady of Azerbaijan (/wiki/First_Lady_of_Azerbaijan) Mehriban Aliyeva (/wiki/Mehriban_Aliyeva) attended the presentation of the first issue, that was held on January 13, 2013. The magazine has printed issue in Russian language and web-version in three languages: Azerbaijani, Russian and English. Nargis magazine has celebrated its fifth anniversary [2] (#cite_note-2) in Paris within Haute Couture Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) in January 2018. Also, Nargis invited one of the legendary Parisian photo studios – Studio Harcourt (/wiki/Studio_Harcourt) . As noted by the sales director of Studio Harcourt Pauline Rust Johnkman, for the first time studio agreed for Nargis to place its logo on the photos along with the name of the magazine. This is the first precedent, because the policy of Studio Harcourt assumes the presence on the pictures only of the studio logo. [3] (#cite_note-3) Nargis Magazine was presented in Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi) [4] (#cite_note-4) on February 28, 2014. Later that year, Nargis Magazine Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) was launched on December 22. Tako Chkheidze became editor-in-chief of Nargis Georgia magazine and the First Lady of Georgia, Maka Chichua (/wiki/Maka_Chichua) appeared on the cover. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Baku hosts presentation of Nargis magazine" , Today.az , retrieved December 14, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Shahla Aghalarova, "Haute Couture Fashion Week marks Nargis magazine's fifth anniversary" , AzerTag.az , retrieved January 29, 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ulviyya Mahmud and Nargis magazine alongside Monica Bellucci, Vincent Cassel, Naomi Campbell..." , azeridaily.com , retrieved January 29, 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tsiko Inauri, "NARGIS magazine already available in Georgia" , GeorgiaToday.ge , retrieved March 3, 2014 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.nargismagazine.az/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐67d5b9488b‐5ll88 Cached time: 20240710192450 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.316 seconds Real time usage: 0.585 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1308/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52148/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10809/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22595/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.195/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4537869/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 462.524 1 -total 40.13% 185.608 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 39.65% 183.388 3 Template:Ambox 39.01% 180.433 1 Template:Infobox 28.35% 131.134 1 Template:Multiple_issues 25.97% 120.107 1 Template:Reflist 21.75% 100.581 4 Template:Citation 12.42% 57.452 1 Template:More_footnotes 5.72% 26.460 1 Template:Notability 4.68% 21.645 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58542100-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710192450 and revision id 1106141146. 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For more information, see modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) . This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐6v9kt Cached time: 20240722155349 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.057 seconds Real time usage: 0.077 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 68/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1996/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 122/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2636/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 680014/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 68.105 1 -total 55.02% 37.471 1 Template:Container 44.97% 30.628 1 Template:Cmbox 44.69% 30.439 1 Template:Catmore 39.05% 26.592 1 Template:Hatnote 5.66% 3.856 1 Template:Single_namespace 3.15% 2.144 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54119401-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722155349 and revision id 1183130189. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. E Elite Model Management models (/wiki/Category:Elite_Model_Management_models) ‎ (75 P) F Ford Models models (/wiki/Category:Ford_Models_models) ‎ (26 P) I IMG Models models (/wiki/Category:IMG_Models_models) ‎ (136 P) L The Lions (agency) models (/wiki/Category:The_Lions_(agency)_models) ‎ (34 P) N Next Management models (/wiki/Category:Next_Management_models) ‎ (49 P) S Select Model Management models (/wiki/Category:Select_Model_Management_models) ‎ (53 P) The Society Management models (/wiki/Category:The_Society_Management_models) ‎ (53 P) Storm Management models (/wiki/Category:Storm_Management_models) ‎ (29 P) W Women Management models (/wiki/Category:Women_Management_models) ‎ (43 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_by_modeling_agency&oldid=1183130189 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_by_modeling_agency&oldid=1183130189) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models (profession) (/wiki/Category:Models_(profession)) People by company (/wiki/Category:People_by_company) Modeling agencies (/wiki/Category:Modeling_agencies) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
American art historian Stella Blum Born ( 1916-10-19 ) 19 October 1916 Schenectady, New York (/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York) Died 31 July 1985 (1985-07-31) (aged 68) Ravenna, Ohio (/wiki/Ravenna,_Ohio) Nationality American Alma mater Syracuse University (/wiki/Syracuse_University) ( B.F.A. (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) ) New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) New York University Institute of Fine Arts (/wiki/New_York_University_Institute_of_Fine_Arts) Occupation Fashion historian (/wiki/Historian) Spouse George A. Blum Stella Blum , née Biercuk (19 October 1916 – 31 July 1985), was an American fashion historian (/wiki/Historian) . Life [ edit ] Stella Blum was born in Schenectady, New York (/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York) on 19 October 1916 and graduated from Syracuse University with a B.F.A. (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) degree in 1938. She married George A. Blum the following year and they had two sons together. She attended New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) , Queens College (/wiki/Queens_College) and New York University Institute of Fine Arts (/wiki/New_York_University_Institute_of_Fine_Arts) . Blum worked for the Museum of Costume Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Costume_Art) from 1940 until 1942 when she quit to raise her children. Upon her return in 1953, she was appointed assistant curator (/wiki/Curator) and was promoted to associate curator in 1970 and curator of costumes at the Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) from 1970 to 1973. She left the Metropolitan Museum, into which the Costume Institute had merged, to open a new center for the decorative arts and costumes at Kent State University (/wiki/Kent_State_University) from 1983 to 1985. Blum died of cancer in Ravenna, Ohio (/wiki/Ravenna,_Ohio) , on 31 July 1985. [1] (#cite_note-1) Activities [ edit ] Blum was a guest curator for the Detroit Institute of Arts (/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts) , Flint Institute of Arts (/wiki/Flint_Institute_of_Arts) , Portland Museum of Art (/wiki/Portland_Museum_of_Art) , and St. Louis Museum (/wiki/St._Louis_Museum) and she cataloged exhibitions in Australia (/wiki/Australia) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , and Japan (/wiki/Japan) . She wrote four books on fashion history, often using images from period catalogs or magazines to illustrate the clothes. [2] (#cite_note-2) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Scanlon & Cosner, pp. 24–25 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Scanlon & Cosner, p. 25 References [ edit ] Scanlon, Jennifer & Cosner, Shaaron (1996). American Women Historians, 1700s–1990s: A Biographical Dictionary . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-29664-2 . 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Pakistani model (1947–2011) Rakhshanda Khattak رخشندہ خٹک Born 1 July 1947 Burma (/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma) , British India (/wiki/British_Raj) (present-day Rakhine State (/wiki/Rakhine_State) , Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) ) Died 1 December 2011 (aged 64) Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) , Alberta (/wiki/Alberta) , Canada Nationality Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistanis) Citizenship Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Alma mater Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (/wiki/Southern_Alberta_Institute_of_Technology) Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Years active 1965–1979 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rakhshanda Khattak . Rakhshanda Khattak ( Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_language) : رخشندہ خٹک ; ( 1947-07-01 ) 1 July 1947 – ( 2011-12-01 ) 1 December 2011) was a Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistanis) model. She was active as one of the country's leading fashion models in the 1970s before quitting and emigrating to Canada (/wiki/Canada) in 1979. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Khattak was born on 1 July 1947 in British Burma (/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma) (then a part of British India (/wiki/British_Raj) ) to a Pashtun (/wiki/Pashtuns) father and a Burmese (/wiki/Demographics_of_Myanmar) mother, [2] (#cite_note-cineplot-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) one month before the Partition of British India (/wiki/Partition_of_India) into the independent states of India (/wiki/India) and Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) . Her surname comes from her father's Pashtun tribe (/wiki/Pashtun_tribes) , the Khattaks (/wiki/Khattak) . Career [ edit ] Khattak has been dubbed by Pakistani media (/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan) as Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) ’s first supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Her foray into the Pakistani show business began when she modelled products for a family friend. [5] (#cite_note-Express_Tribune-5) Khattak's early modelling attracted the attention of other agencies, and she soon exploded into the public consciousness. At the time, Pakistan lacked a sufficient amount of management companies for modelling, and most models reportedly did their own hair, makeup and wardrobe. In 1971, she starred in the action feature film Jane Bond 008 (/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bond_008&action=edit&redlink=1) and performed her own stunts. Throughout the movie, Khattak wore a low-waist sari (/wiki/Sari) which subsequently influenced a popular trend for young women to drape their saris closer to their hips. [5] (#cite_note-Express_Tribune-5) Personal life [ edit ] Khattak was fluent in five languages. [ which? ] She was the first Pakistani woman to earn a black belt (/wiki/Black_belt_(martial_arts)) in karate (/wiki/Karate) and the second to earn a black belt in jiu-jitsu (/wiki/Jujutsu) . [5] (#cite_note-Express_Tribune-5) She married Hussain Javeri, a Pakistani jeweler, in 1970. Javeri owned a well-known jewelry store on Victoria Road (now Abdullah Haroon Road) in the city of Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , and designed some of the jewelry that Khattak wore at public gatherings. In 1979, Khattak migrated to Canada (/wiki/Canada) with her family and settled in Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) , Alberta (/wiki/Alberta) . She became naturalized as a Canadian citizen (/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law) in 1983. [6] (#cite_note-6) Whilst in Canada, Khattak attended the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (/wiki/Southern_Alberta_Institute_of_Technology) and earned a degree in cooking and baking. She passed away at her apartment in Calgary on 1 December 2011, aged 64. See Also [ edit ] Pakistanis in Burma (/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Myanmar) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Pakistan's first super model - The Express Tribune" (http://tribune.com.pk/story/399956/pakistans-first-super-model/) . 1 July 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-cineplot_2-0) "Rakshanda Khattak (Javeri) – Interview" (http://cineplot.com/rakshanda-khattak-javeri-interview/) . cineplot.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "No shortage of Indian film following in Pak - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/No-shortage-of-Indian-film-following-in-Pak/articleshow/14922590.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 15 July 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Who is? - The larger than life: Rakhshanda Khattak (http://area148.com/cms/index.php/entertainment/the-larger-than-life-rakhshanda-khattak) ^ Jump up to: a b c Borges, Roland (1 July 2012). "Pakistan's first super model" (http://tribune.com.pk/story/399956/pakistans-first-super-model/) . The Express Tribune (/wiki/The_Express_Tribune) . Retrieved 27 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Pakistan's first super model - The Express Tribune" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/399956/pakistans-first-super-model/) . 1 July 2012. This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhshanda_Khattak&action=edit) . v t e This Pakistani biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakhshanda_Khattak&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐824b7 Cached time: 20240720171728 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.467 seconds Real time usage: 0.607 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2434/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28622/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3725/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30187/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.315/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21548781/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 576.407 1 -total 21.23% 122.352 1 Template:Infobox_person 18.45% 106.371 1 Template:Reflist 16.34% 94.173 1 Template:Lang-ur 14.57% 84.011 3 Template:Cite_web 12.93% 74.514 1 Template:Short_description 11.41% 65.762 1 Template:Model-stub 11.37% 65.534 2 Template:Asbox 6.89% 39.698 2 Template:Pagetype 6.62% 38.175 1 Template:Which Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36557770-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720171728 and revision id 1222682993. 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English fashion designer This article is about the fashion designer. For the fashion house he founded, see Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) . Amies in October 1961. Sir Edwin Hardy Amies KCVO (/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order) (17 July 1909 – 5 March 2003) was a British fashion designer, founder of the Hardy Amies label (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) and a Royal Warrant holder as designer to Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . Early life [ edit ] Hardy Amies was born Edwin Amies on 17 July 1909 in Maida Vale (/wiki/Maida_Vale) , London. His father was an architect for the London County Council (/wiki/London_County_Council) . His mother was a saleswoman for Madame Gray at Machinka & May, London, and then Madame Durant on Dover Street, London. In his teens, he adopted his mother's maiden name, Hardy—and always cited her as the inspiration for his chosen professional path. Pre-War career [ edit ] Amies was educated at Brentwood School, Essex (/wiki/Brentwood_School,_Essex) , leaving in 1927. Although his father wanted him to attend Cambridge University (/wiki/Cambridge_University) , it was then his ambition to become a journalist. His father relented and arranged for a meeting between his son and R. D. Blumenfeld (/wiki/R._D._Blumenfeld) , the editor of the Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) . His father was mortified when Blumenfeld suggested his son travel around Europe to gain some worldly experience. Amies spent three years in France and Germany, learning the languages, working for a Customs Agent (/wiki/Customs_officer) and then as an English-language tutor in Antibes (/wiki/Antibes) in France and later Bendorf (/wiki/Bendorf) in Germany. Amies returned to England where, in 1930, he became a sales assistant in a ceramic wall-tile (/wiki/Tile) factory. After that, he secured a trainee position as a weight machine (/wiki/Weighing_scale) salesman with W & T Avery Ltd. (/wiki/W_%26_T_Avery_Ltd.) in Birmingham. It was Amies' mother's contacts in the fashion world, and his flair for writing, that secured him his first job in fashion. It was his vivid description of a dress, written in a letter to a retired French seamstress, that brought Hardy to the attention of the owner of the Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) couture house Lachasse (/wiki/Lachasse) on Farm Street, Berkeley Square (/wiki/Berkeley_Square) , as the wearer of the dress was the owner's wife. He became managing director, in 1934, at the age of 25. His most notable innovation during this epoch was to lower the waistline of women's suits. He placed it at the top of the hip instead of at the natural waistline, giving a more feminine look. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 1937, he scored his first success with a Linton tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) suit in sage green with a cerise overcheck called "Panic". "Panic" was to be his debut into the fashion bible Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) , photographed by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) . By the late 1930s, Hardy was designing the entire Lachasse collection – succeeding Digby Morton (/wiki/Digby_Morton) . [2] (#cite_note-FE_Woram-2) His second celebration creation was "Made in England", a biscuit-coloured checked suit for the Hollywood ingénue Mildred Shay (/wiki/Mildred_Shay) . He left Lachasse in 1939 and joined the House of Worth (/wiki/House_of_Worth) in 1941. Second World War [ edit ] At the outbreak of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , with his language experience, Amies was called to serve in the Special Operations Executive (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) (SOE). He was commissioned as a second lieutenant (/wiki/Second_lieutenant) from Officer Cadet Training Company on to the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) General List (/wiki/General_List) on 18 May 1940. [3] (#cite_note-3) He was transferred from the General List (/wiki/General_List) to the Intelligence Corps (/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)) on 15 July 1940. [4] (#cite_note-4) Amies suspected that SOE's commander Major General (/wiki/Major_General) Colin Gubbins (/wiki/Colin_Gubbins) did not regard a dressmaker as suitable military material; but his training report stated: [5] (#cite_note-TelgSOE-5) This officer is far tougher both physically and mentally than his rather precious appearance would suggest. He possesses a keen brain and an abundance of shrewd sense. His only handicap is his precious appearance and manner, and these are tending to decrease. Posted to Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) , Amies worked with the various Belgian resistance groups (/wiki/Resistance_group) and adapted names of fashion accessories for use as code words, while he organised sabotage (/wiki/Sabotage) assignments and arranged for agents to be parachuted with radio equipment behind enemy lines, into the Ardennes (/wiki/Ardennes) . Amies rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel (/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel) , [6] (#cite_note-6) but outraged his superiors in 1944 by engaging famed photographer Lee Miller (/wiki/Lee_Miller) and setting up a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) photo shoot in Belgium after D-Day (/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy) . [5] (#cite_note-TelgSOE-5) In 1946, he was knighted in Belgium, being made an Officer of the Order of the Crown (/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)) on 17 September 1948 by the prince regent (/wiki/Prince_Charles,_Count_of_Flanders) of Belgium. Amies was an integral part of Operation Ratweek (/wiki/Operation_Ratweek) , an assassination project developed by SOE (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) to eliminate double agents (/wiki/Double_agent) and Nazi sympathizers in Belgium. In 2000, a BBC 2 (/wiki/BBC_2) documentary entitled Secret Agent named Amies as one of the men who helped to plan the killing of dozens of Nazi collaborators (/wiki/Collaborationism) , but Amies disclaimed all knowledge of the matter. [7] (#cite_note-7) Amies was quirky, yet conservative; for example, having his British Army (/wiki/British_Army) uniform tailored on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . Years later, Hardy recalled that Kim Philby (/wiki/Kim_Philby) was in his mess (/wiki/Mess) ; and, on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of me—most significantly the name of my tailor." Hardy Amies Ltd: № 14 Savile Row [ edit ] Main article: Hardy Amies (fashion house) (/wiki/Hardy_Amies_(fashion_house)) In late 1945, Virginia (/wiki/Virginia_Cherrill) , Countess of Jersey (/wiki/George_Child-Villiers,_9th_Earl_of_Jersey#Marriages_and_issue) , who had been a client during his tenure at Lachasse, financed Hardy Amies' move to 14 Savile Row. The following January, Amies established his own couture fashion house (/wiki/Couturier) business: Hardy Amies Ltd. Although Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) is the home of English bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) tailoring, the Hardy Amies brand became known for its classic and beautifully tailored clothes for both men and women. Hardy's business quickly took off in the postwar years when customers, who had been deprived of couture for the preceding years, snapped up his elegant, traditional designs. Hardy was quoted at the time as saying, "A woman's day clothes must look equally good at Salisbury Station (/wiki/Salisbury_railway_station) as the Ritz Bar (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris#Bars) ". Amies was Vice-Chairman of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (/wiki/Incorporated_Society_of_London_Fashion_Designers) (1954–56) and chairman (1959–60). Starting in 1946, [8] (#cite_note-8) the fashion house was located at 14 Savile Row. It changed ownership several times over the course of its history. In 1950, Amies established a ready-to-wear boutique with suits, sweaters, coats and accessories. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2018, the company went into administration for a second time and was attempting to sell its assets in 2019. The Savile Row store was closed in March 2019 and the space taken over by Hackett London (/wiki/Hackett_London) in June as its flagship store. The Label is continuing to prosper in Australia (/wiki/Australia) . The brand is run by Austico apparel and has an online presence. [a] (#cite_note-9) Their products are available at Hardy & Harper, David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_(retailer)) , and other private retailers across Australia. [9] (#cite_note-10) [10] (#cite_note-11) Commercial success [ edit ] Amies was successful in business by being able to extract value from his designs, while not replicating his brand to the point of exploitation. In 1959, Amies was one of the first European designers to venture into the ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) market when he teamed up with Hepworth & Son (/wiki/Next_plc#History) to design a range of menswear. In 1961, Amies made fashion history by staging the first men's ready-to-wear catwalk (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) shows, at the Savoy Hotel (/wiki/Savoy_Hotel) , London. The runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) show was a first on many levels, as it was both the first time music was played and that the designer accompanied models on the catwalk. Menswear designing [ edit ] In 1959, Amies was one of the first women's couturiers to design for men. He used to be more conservative than other menswear designers. His designs were characterized by an emphasis on youthful and rich-looking clothing. He signed numerous licensing agreements to produce popular garments in various countries. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Sports [ edit ] Amies also undertook design for in-house work wear, which developed from designing special clothes for the England 1966 World Cup (/wiki/1966_World_Cup) team, the 1972 British Olympic squad (/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics) , [11] (#cite_note-BBCBank-12) and such groups as the Oxford University Boat Club (/wiki/Oxford_University_Boat_Club) and the London Stock Exchange (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) . In the mid-1970s, he ventured into interior design, including designs for Crown Wallpaper (/wiki/Crown_Wallpaper) . Films [ edit ] In 1967, Amies was commissioned by director Stanley Kubrick (/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick) to design the costumes for 2001: A Space Odyssey (/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)) (1968). [12] (#cite_note-13) Amies' work was seen in a handful of other films of the 1960s: He dressed Albert Finney (/wiki/Albert_Finney) in Two for the Road (/wiki/Two_for_the_Road_(1967_film)) (1967), Tony Randall (/wiki/Tony_Randall) in The Alphabet Murders (/wiki/The_Alphabet_Murders) (1965), Joan Greenwood (/wiki/Joan_Greenwood) in The Amorous Prawn (/wiki/The_Amorous_Prawn) (1962), and Deborah Kerr (/wiki/Deborah_Kerr) in The Grass is Greener (/wiki/The_Grass_is_Greener) (1960). Queen Elizabeth II [ edit ] Amies is best known to the British public for his work for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . The association began in 1950, when Amies made several outfits for the then-Princess Elizabeth's royal tour of Canada (/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada#Elizabeth_II) . In 1955, the queen appointed him as one of her three official dressmakers. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) He established the monarch's crisp, understated style of dress. "I don't think she feels clothes which are too chic are exactly very friendly," he told one fashion editor (/wiki/Fashion_editor) . "The Queen's attitude is that she must always dress for the occasion". Knighted (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) in 1989, Amies held the warrant until 1990, when he gave it up so that younger designers could create for the Queen, although the House of Hardy Amies was still designing for her under Design Director Jon Moore until 2002. ABC of Men's Fashion [ edit ] Having written a regular column for Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) on men's fashion, in 1964, Amies published the book ABC of Men's Fashion . Amies's strict male dress code included commandments on everything from socks to the summer wardrobe. [13] (#cite_note-ABCGuard-14) When, in July 2009, the Hardy Amies Designer Archive was opened on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) reissued the book. [13] (#cite_note-ABCGuard-14) [14] (#cite_note-VicAlb-15) He stated, "A man should look as if he has bought his clothes with intelligence, put them on with care and then forgotten all about them." In 1974, Amies was entered into the Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) International Best Dressed List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List) Hall of Fame. [15] (#cite_note-16) Later life [ edit ] In May 1973, Hardy Amies Ltd. was sold to Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) , which had already purchased Hepworths who distributed the Hardy Amies line. In 1981, Amies purchased the business back. In May 2001, Amies sold his business to the Luxury Brands Group and retired at the end of the year, when Moroccan-born designer Jacques Azagury became head of couture. In November 2008, after going bankrupt, [11] (#cite_note-BBCBank-12) the Hardy Amies brand was acquired by Fung Capital, the private investment arm of Victor (/wiki/Victor_Fung) and William Fung (/wiki/William_Fung) , who together control the Li & Fung (/wiki/Li_%26_Fung) Group. [16] (#cite_note-17) Honours [ edit ] He received the 1939–1945 Star (/wiki/1939%E2%80%931945_Star) , the France and Germany Star (/wiki/France_and_Germany_Star) , the Defence Medal (/wiki/Defence_Medal_(United_Kingdom)) and the War Medal (/wiki/War_Medal_1939%E2%80%931945) for service with the Special Operations Executive (/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive) during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) (KCVO) awarded 17 June 1989. [17] (#cite_note-18) Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order) (CVO) awarded 10 June 1977. [18] (#cite_note-19) He was made an Officer of the Order of the Crown (/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium)) by the Kingdom of Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) awarded 17 September 1948. [19] (#cite_note-20) Personal life [ edit ] Initially discreet about his homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality) , Amies became more candid in his old age and, when speaking of Sir Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) , another renowned dressmaker to the Queen, he commented: "It's quite simple. He was a silly old queen and I'm a clever old queen." [20] (#cite_note-21) Amies and his partner, Ken Fleetwood, Design Director of Hardy Amies Ltd, were together for 43 years until Fleetwood's death in 1996. Amies died at home in 2003, aged 93. He is buried in the village churchyard at Langford, Oxfordshire (/wiki/Langford,_Oxfordshire) . [21] (#cite_note-22) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) hardyamies.com.au References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kellogg, Ann (2002). In an influential fashion : an encyclopedia of nineteenth-and twentieth-century fashion designers and retailers who transformed dress . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 6. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-31220-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 47216469 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47216469) . ^ (#cite_ref-FE_Woram_2-0) Woram, Catherine. "Morton, Digby" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ma-Mu/Morton-Digby.html) . fashionencyclopedia.com . Fashion Encyclopedia . Retrieved 6 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "No. 34855" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34855/supplement/3101) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 21 May 1940. p. 3101. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "No. 35046" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35046/supplement/397) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 17 January 1941. p. 397. ^ Jump up to: a b Day, Peter (29 April 2003). "How secret agent Hardy Amies stayed in Vogue during the war" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1428645/How-secret-agent-Hardy-Amies-stayed-in-Vogue-during-the-war.html) . London: The Telegraph . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cole, Shaun (2003). Amies, Sir Hardy (1909-2003) (http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/am_z_ies_h_A.pdf) Article for glbtq Encyclopedia (/wiki/Glbtq.com) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lister, David (24 August 2000). "Queen's tailor Hardy Amies was a wartime hitman" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/queens-tailor-hardy-amies-was-a-wartime-hitman-710804.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . London . Retrieved 20 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) The Daily Telegraph (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/7533975/Hardy-Amies-Queens-favourite-dressmaker-abandons-to-its-heritage.html) Hardy Amies: Queen's favorite dressmaker 'abandons its heritage' ^ (#cite_ref-10) https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2019/06/hackett-flagship-replace-hardy-amies-londons-savile-row/ (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2019/06/hackett-flagship-replace-hardy-amies-londons-savile-row/) , Hackett flagship to replace Hardy Amies on Savile Row ^ (#cite_ref-11) https://www.drapersonline.com/news/hardy-amies-savile-row-store-closes (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/hardy-amies-savile-row-store-closes) , Exclusive: Hardy Amies Savile Row store closes ^ Jump up to: a b "No rescue for Hardy Amies company" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7664113.stm) . BBC News. 10 October 2008 . Retrieved 8 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hardy Amies (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0024868/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ Jump up to: a b Chilvers, Simon (31 July 2009). "How to dress like Hardy Amies" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-style-advice) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-VicAlb_15-0) "Hardy Amies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090504111734/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) . Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) . Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) on 4 May 2009 . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Best Dressed Men (http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_men) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120601052941/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_men) 1 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Hardy Amies UK stores to close following sale to Fung Capital" (http://www.retail-week.com/hardy-amies-uk-stores-to-close-following-sale-to-fung-capital/1920101.article) . Retail Week. 11 November 2008 . Retrieved 8 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "No. 51772" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/51772/page/4) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) . 16 June 1989. p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "No. 47234" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/47234/supplement/7084) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 10 June 1977. p. 7084. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "No. 38459" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38459/supplement/6061) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 16 November 1948. p. 6061. ^ (#cite_ref-21) John Ezard, 'Death of the Queen's couturier', The Guardian , 6 March 2003 [1] (https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/mar/06/monarchy.johnezard) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons , 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 1102). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. External links [ edit ] Hardy Amies (http://hardyamies.com.au/) Official website Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20110226063150/http://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/080422-hardy-amies-biography.aspx) designer profile at Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Hardy Amies Style Advice (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-style-advice) article at The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) Hardy Amies' Guide to Men's Fashion (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2009/jul/31/hardy-amies-guide-mens-fashion) reviewed inside The Guardian Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20090504111734/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/fashion/fashion_motion/amies/index.html) at the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) Hardy Amies (https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134856/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/175035/Hardy-Amies/biography) designer profile at the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) Hardy Amies (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1098069.ece) obituary at The Times (/wiki/The_Times) Hardy Amies (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0024868/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Further reading [ edit ] Here Lived… , Cambridge, 1948. Just So Far , London, 1954. The ABC of Men's Fashion , London, 1964. Still Here , London, 1984. The Englishman's Suit , London, 1994. Hardy Amies . Michael Pick. ACC Publications, 2012. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1717944/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000114802782) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/114355109) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtH6JjHKb4RMqHvxwWRrq) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124501849) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124501849) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/120086654) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007417037905171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84069814) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07087199X) Artists Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/7134/) RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/132913) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b58w2b) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/074732021) Te Papa (New Zealand) (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/33879) 2 (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/5945) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6fcf4fdbb9‐5l2qd Cached time: 20240716001436 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.409 seconds Real time usage: 0.551 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2205/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39452/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1580/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 19/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58184/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.242/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5583053/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 491.740 1 -total 48.50% 238.478 2 Template:Reflist 24.32% 119.581 1 Template:Authority_control 15.89% 78.154 1 Template:Cite_book 13.23% 65.078 1 Template:Short_description 10.74% 52.803 5 Template:London_Gazette 9.37% 46.053 5 Template:Cite_magazine 7.95% 39.083 2 Template:Pagetype 7.73% 38.006 2 Template:IMDb_name 4.27% 21.014 4 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32313613-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716001436 and revision id 1234755883. 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Spanish fashion catwalk Backstage at Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week. Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Madrid 2017. Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Madrid , was known as Pasarela Cibeles until 2008 or Cibeles Madrid Fashion week up until 2012, [1] (#cite_note-1) is the principal platform to promote fashion in Spain (/wiki/Spain) . Based in Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) and often takes place twice a year, in September 2008 held its edition No. 48. [2] (#cite_note-2) The No. 49 edition, which lasted two weeks, was held in February 2009. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) It is organized by IFEMA (/wiki/IFEMA) , the trade fair in Madrid. In the edition organized for September 18, 2009 they celebrate the 50th edition of the former Pasarela Cibeles . [5] (#cite_note-5) Some of the notable attendees at MBFWM are Spain's Duchess of Alba (/wiki/Duchess_of_Alba) , socialite and tabloid fixture Carmen Lomana (/wiki/Carmen_Lomana) , French socialite Beatrice D'Orleans, Russian model Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) , and athletes like Cristiano Ronaldo (/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) , Sergio Ramos, Kaka, Higuain, Ozil and Figo. [6] (#cite_note-NYtimes-6) Some designers that showed their collections included: Davidelfin, Juan Duyos, Adolfo Dominguez, Andres Sarda, Aristocrazy, TCN and Juanjo Oliva. [6] (#cite_note-NYtimes-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) IFEMA: Pasarela Cibeles se convierte en Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week (https://web.archive.org/web/20090109202452/http://www.infolatam.com/entrada/ifema_pasarela_cibeles_se_convierte_en_c-10081.html) . Infolatam (12-9-2009). Consultado el 31 de mayo de 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-2) 'Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week' con un total de 52 diseñadores que mostrarán 40 desfiles (http://www.europapress.es/madrid/noticia-cibeles-madrid-fashion-week-total-52-disenadores-mostraran-40-desfiles-20080915130228.html) . Europa Press (/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)) (15-9-2008). Consultado el 31 de mayo de 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-3) 49 edición de la Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week (http://www.lavanguardia.es/premium/publica/publica?COMPID=53644591629&ID_PAGINA=1810075&ID_FORMATO=9) . La Vanguardia (20-2-2009). Consultado el 31 de mayo de 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Comienza la edición número 49 de la Pasarela Cibeles, ahora llamada Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week (http://www.rtve.es/mediateca/videos/20090220/comienza-edicion-numero-pasarela-cibeles-ahora-llamada-cibeles-madrid-fashion-week/419356.shtml) (vídeo de 2:43 min). RTVE (/wiki/RTVE) (20-2-2009). Consultado el 31 de mayo de 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-5) [ http://pasarelacibeles.hola.com (http://pasarelacibeles.hola.com) 50 aniversario de la Pasarela Cibeles, ahora llamada Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Madrid (reportaje especial). hola.com (/wiki/Hola.com) (10-9-2009). Consultado el 14 de agosto de 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b "Meanwhile, in Madrid" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/meanwhile-in-madrid/) . 25 February 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week: Las Modelos (http://pasarelacibeles.hola.com/cibeles-2010-otono-invierno/201002221084/cibeles-madrid/fashion-week/top-models/1/) External links [ edit ] Web oficial (http://www.cibeles.ifema.es) Especial 50 aniversario de Pasarela Cibeles (http://pasarelacibeles.hola.com) v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐jhwwg Cached time: 20240712173946 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.235 seconds Real time usage: 0.779 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 388/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12280/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 408/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15784/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.156/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3156468/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 323.339 1 -total 34.89% 112.798 1 Template:Reflist 34.06% 110.133 1 Template:Fashion_weeks 33.41% 108.024 1 Template:Navbox 29.74% 96.158 1 Template:Cite_web 29.65% 95.873 1 Template:Short_description 13.54% 43.781 3 Template:Main_other 12.74% 41.193 1 Template:SDcat 12.52% 40.485 2 Template:Pagetype 3.39% 10.952 1 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29586411-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173946 and revision id 1182802434. 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Chinese cosmetics brand This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Shanghai_Vive&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Shanghai+Vive&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Shanghai+Vive) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Shanghai_Vive) for suggestions. ( August 2023 ) Shanghai Vive Native name 雙妹 Industry Fashion Founded 1898 Founder Fook Tien Fung Headquarters Shanghai , China Products Cosmetics and perfumes Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Shanghai Jahwa Corporation Website http://www.shanghaivive.com.cn (http://www.shanghaivive.com.cn) Shanghai Vive or Shuangmei ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 双妹 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 雙妹 ) is a Chinese luxury cosmetics brand. Shuangmei — translated into English (/wiki/English_language) as Two Girls — originated as a trade mark of The House of Kwong Sang Hong Limited, founded in 1898 in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , [1] (#cite_note-1) and stationed in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) in 1903. Under Communist China's public-private partnership policy, the Shanghai branch of Kwong Sang Hong was subsumed into the Shanghai Jahwa Corporation in 1956, and the Shuangmei brand gradually discontinued in Mainland China (/wiki/Mainland_China) . In 2010, Shanghai Jahwa Corporation has restarted the Shuangmei brand, and adopted the English name Shanghai Vive ; [2] (#cite_note-2) the English translation Two Girls cannot be used as it remains a trade mark of Kwong Sang Hong in Hong Kong. [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Florida Water (/wiki/Florida_Water) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) About Us. (https://www.twogirls.hk/en/about_us.php) Two Girls ^ (#cite_ref-2) China's first high-end fashion cosmetics brand "Shuangmei (Shanghai Vive)" was listed (in Chinese) (http://eladies.sina.com.cn/beauty/2010/0824/17271012802.shtml) ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (http://hongwrong.com/two-girls/) 'Two Girls' Kwong Sang Hong Cosmetics Brand" (http://hongwrong.com/two-girls/) . Hong Wrong . 2013-07-05 . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c4df98467‐p4ltj Cached time: 20240711115407 Cache expiry: 1771555 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.346 seconds Real time usage: 0.465 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1292/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17200/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1991/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8452/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.239/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16796867/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.557 1 -total 44.30% 188.966 1 Template:Infobox_company 41.57% 177.341 1 Template:Infobox 24.70% 105.362 1 Template:Lang 22.87% 97.547 1 Template:Reflist 20.02% 85.380 1 Template:Cite_web 16.06% 68.516 1 Template:Short_description 14.18% 60.495 1 Template:Orphan 13.03% 55.565 1 Template:Draft_other 12.58% 53.643 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54393160-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711115407 and revision id 1217518428. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Vive&oldid=1217518428 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Vive&oldid=1217518428) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Manufacturing companies based in Shanghai (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Shanghai) Cosmetics brands (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from August 2023 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_August_2023) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) Articles containing Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text)
Italian painter Not to be confused with her own cousin, Patricia Gucci (/wiki/Patricia_Gucci) , or Maurizio Gucci's ex-wife, Patrizia Reggiani (/wiki/Patrizia_Reggiani) . Patrizia Yvonne Gucci is an Italian painter, author, and fashion designer. She is the great-granddaughter of Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) , the founder of the fashion house Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , and the daughter of Paolo Gucci (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) , [1] (#cite_note-1) who was the chief designer for the family company. She herself worked in the public relations department of the family company for 12 years, until 1994. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Gucci is the author of several books, [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) previously had her own accessories brand for the Japanese market, [4] (#cite_note-4) and has held various international exhibitions for her paintings, including at the Opera Gallery (/wiki/Opera_Gallery) in Budapest. [5] (#cite_note-5) She has also decorated the presidential suite at the Four Seasons (/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotels_and_Resorts) in Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Early life and education [ edit ] Gucci grew up in Florence (/wiki/Florence) with her parents Paolo and Yvonne and her elder sister Elisabetta. [7] (#cite_note-7) She was heavily influenced by her family's fashion business during her upbringing and worked extra in the Gucci Florence store. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) Her father Paolo was chief designer of Gucci. He is credited with developing Gucci's "double G" logo. [9] (#cite_note-9) She described her early years as being shaped by the Gucci brand, which inspired her creative pursuits. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) After finishing high school, she studied archaeology at the University of Siena (/wiki/University_of_Siena) . [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) Career [ edit ] Gucci began her career in the early 1980s as the international public relations representative for the Gucci family business. In this role, she opened 13 Gucci shops globally, also worked as a designer, and organized conferences. She left the company in 1994 after 12 years. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) During the early 2000s, she began to dedicate herself to painting and had her first exhibition in Bahrain (/wiki/Bahrain) , her second in Florence at Palazzo Antinori (/wiki/Palazzo_Antinori) , then in Vienna 2004, Budapest 2009, followed by other exhibitions. [10] (#cite_note-10) She describes her style as “blending abstraction with reality, creating serene depictions of Tuscany landscapes". [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) Gucci has written several books, including Il piccolo libro della Semplicità , Single: Il fascino della donna libera , Charme , and Gucci: La vera storia di una dinastia di successo . The latter recounts the Gucci company's story, from her own perspective, and has been translated into multiple languages. [11] (#cite_note-apnews.com-11) In 2019, she received an art award in memory of the Italian judges Paolo Borsellino (/wiki/Paolo_Borsellino) and Giovanni Falcone (/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone) , for her interpretation of The Knotted Gun . [12] (#cite_note-12) She has featured on Serena Bortone's talk show at Rai 1 (/wiki/Rai_1) . [13] (#cite_note-13) House of Gucci conflict [ edit ] Patrizia Gucci has been vocal in her criticism of the movie House of Gucci (/wiki/House_of_Gucci) , released in 2021, depicting her family history and the murder (/wiki/Murder_of_Maurizio_Gucci) of Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) , her father’s cousin. [14] (#cite_note-14) She accused the director Ridley Scott (/wiki/Ridley_Scott) of exploiting a family tragedy. [15] (#cite_note-15) Many years before its realization, Patrizia and other members of the family had met Scott over dinner to talk about the movie project. She told the news agency AP (/wiki/Associated_Press) ahead of the film release: “We are truly disappointed. I speak on behalf of the family. They are stealing the identity of a family to make a profit, to increase the income of the Hollywood system…Our family has an identity, privacy. We can talk about everything, but there is a borderline that cannot be crossed.” [11] (#cite_note-apnews.com-11) Personal life [ edit ] Gucci resides in her native Florence. She remains an active member and ambassador of the Foundation Non-Violence Art Project. [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Allen, Nick (2021-12-01). "All the Fistfights, Heartbreaks, and Madness House of Gucci Left Out" (https://www.vulture.com/2021/12/all-the-juicy-real-life-drama-house-of-gucci-left-out.html) . Vulture . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Editorial Staff (May 3, 2007). "An interview with Patrizia Gucci" (https://www.theflorentine.net/2007/05/03/an-interview-with-patrizia-gucci/) . The Florentine . Retrieved Oct 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "9788820040680 Gucci Patrizia 2006 - Charme. Diario di una Seduttrice (Quasi) Irresistibile - LibroCo.it" (https://www.libroco.it/dl/Gucci-Patrizia/Sperling-Kupfer/9788820040680/Charme-Diario-di-una-Seduttrice-Quasi-Irresistibile/cw770821204255868.html) . www.libroco.it . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Gucci: la vera storia di una dinastia di successo" (https://www.nove.firenze.it/gucci-la-vera-storia-di-una-dinastia-di-successo.htm) . www.nove.firenze.it (in Italian) . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Severin, Constantin (2009-12-16). "Estheticum, Budapest, 30 April-3 May 2010" (https://constantinseverin.wordpress.com/2009/12/16/estheticum-budapest-1-3-may-2010/) . The Alchemical City . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Patrizia Gucci redesigns knotted gun to promote non-violence" (http://www.italianinsider.it/?q=node/6794) . Italian Insider . Retrieved October 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gay Forden, Sara (2008). La saga dei Gucci . Garzanti. p. 57. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gucci, Patrizia (2021-11-08). Gucci: A successful dynasty as recounted by a real Gucci . Ali Ribelli Edizioni. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-3346-907-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Elan, Priya (2021-04-15). " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/15/gucci-family-criticises-horrible-ugly-casting-biopic-film) 'Short, fat, ugly': Gucci family lashes out at cast appearance in new film" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/15/gucci-family-criticises-horrible-ugly-casting-biopic-film) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Patrizia GUCCI for MARILYN" (https://www.dreamhosiery.com.au/blog/patrizia-gucci-for-marilyn-/) . Dream Hosiery . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gucci heirs worry over family depiction in Ridley Scott film" (https://apnews.com/article/gucci-heirs-worry-depiction-ridley-scott-film-929388bfb17bede59522c188370b75fd) . AP News . 2021-04-15 . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Antonini, Laura (2019-01-03). "Un premio speciale per Patrizia Gucci" (https://corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/firenze/notizie/arte_e_cultura/19_marzo_01/premio-speciale-patrizia-gucci-acc39dfc-3c64-11e9-bf9b-6679d762d216.shtml) . Corriere Fiorentino (in Italian) . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "RAI's official YouTube channel" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQn71o_P1lo) . www.youtube.com . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Friedman, Vanessa (2021-11-30). "The Guccis Are Really Not Happy About 'House of Gucci' (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/30/style/guccis-criticize-house-of-gucci.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/30/style/guccis-criticize-house-of-gucci.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "THE GUCCI RETRIAL" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/the-gucci-retrial) . British Vogue . 2004-07-06 . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Commisso, Erica (2018-11-08). "Can These Celebrity-Designed Pistols Make a Dent in America's Gun Problem?" (https://bedfordandbowery.com/2018/11/can-these-celebrity-designed-pistols-make-a-dent-in-americas-gun-problem-2/) . Bedford + Bowery . Retrieved 2023-10-08 . 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American fashion designer (born 1989) Sarah Staudinger Born 1989 (age 34–35) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Education The New School (/wiki/The_New_School) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) Known for Founder of STAUD Spouse Ari Emanuel (/wiki/Ari_Emanuel) ​ ( m. 2022) ​ Relatives James de Givenchy (/wiki/James_de_Givenchy) (cousin) [2] (#cite_note-2) Rahm Emanuel (/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel) (brother-in-law) Ezekiel Emanuel (/wiki/Ezekiel_Emanuel) (brother-in-law) Website staud (https://staud.clothing/) .clothing (https://staud.clothing/) Sarah Staudinger (born in 1989) is an American fashion designer, entrepreneur, and founder of the fashion label STAUD. In 2019, she was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) Arts & Style list. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Staudinger launched her brand STAUD with business partner George Augusto in 2015, and it grew substantially in 2018. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The brand has been described as having a cult following (/wiki/Cult_following) ; [3] (#cite_note-3) its accessory line has been particularly successful, launching popular items like the Moreau bucket bag as well as collaborations with New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) and Birkenstock (/wiki/Birkenstock) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Prior to STAUD, she was the fashion director at the brand Reformation. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Earlier in her career, she worked as an assistant stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) . [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Personal life [ edit ] A Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) native, she was born to Californian designer mother, of Lebanese heritage, [9] (#cite_note-QLA-9) Joanna Staudinger (née Malouf) and German businessman father Walter Staudinger Sr. [9] (#cite_note-QLA-9) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Her mother and maternal grandfather also worked in the fashion business. Her godmother is Cher (/wiki/Cher) , a close friend of her mother. [9] (#cite_note-QLA-9) In May 2022, Staudinger married Hollywood agent Ari Emanuel (/wiki/Ari_Emanuel) in Saint-Tropez (/wiki/Saint-Tropez) ; [10] (#cite_note-10) of note, the wedding was officiated by comedian Larry David (/wiki/Larry_David) , a friend of Emanuel. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sarah Staudinger" (https://www.forbes.com/nft-profile/sarah-staudinger/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Macon, Alexandra (June 16, 2022). "Inside Ari Emanuel and Sarah Staudinger's St. Tropez Wedding" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/ari-emanuel-and-sarah-staudinger-st-tropez-wedding) . Vogue . Retrieved 2022-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Chopra, Yashna (2020-02-21). "Sarah Staudinger on how Staud became a celebrity-favourite brand" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/sarah-staudinger-on-staud-celebrity-favourite-brand-kendall-jenner-selena-gomez-meghan-markle) . Vogue India . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Klerk, Amy de (2018-04-20). "The Californian label you need to have on your radar this summer" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a19860174/staud-fashion-about/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Besser, Rachel (2021-06-24). "Staud x New Balance's Latest Collaboration Brings More Fashion-Leaning Fitness—Shop it Here" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/staud-new-balance-latest-collaboration-launch) . Vogue . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Moore, Booth (2022-06-03). "EXCLUSIVE: Birkenstock Collaborates With L.A. Brand Staud on Sandals, RTW and Bags, Too" (https://wwd.com/accessories-news/footwear/birkenstock-staud-collaboration-sandals-rtw-bags-1235193434/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Milligan, Lauren (December 2017). "My Fashion Life: Sarah Staudinger" (https://www.matchesfashion.com/us/womens/the-style-report/2017/12/the-wardrobe-refresh-issue/my-fashion-life-sarah-staudinger-resort-2018) . Matches . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Whitney, Christine (2018-03-19). "L.A. Designer on Why You Should Never Say Never in Fashion" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/03/sarah-staudinger-of-staud-on-chocolate-and-sleeping-nude.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Testa, Jessica (2022-10-27). "Is She the New Queen of Los Angeles?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/style/sarah-staudinger-staud.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Macon, Alexandra (2022-06-16). "Inside Ari Emanuel and Sarah Staudinger's St. Tropez Wedding" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/ari-emanuel-and-sarah-staudinger-st-tropez-wedding) . Vogue . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Macon, Alexandra (2022-06-18). "Behind the Scenes at Sarah Staudinger's Many Pre-Wedding Dress Fittings" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/sarah-staudinger-wedding-dress-fittings) . Vogue . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Fredette, Meagan (October 14, 2021). "Larry David Explains Why He Looked So Miserable At Fashion Week" (https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/larry-david-explains-why-he-looked-so-miserable-at-new-york-fashion-week) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1830s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1830s_fashion) . Fashion in the 1830s. 1780s (/wiki/Category:1780s_fashion) 1790s (/wiki/Category:1790s_fashion) 1800s (/wiki/Category:1800s_fashion) 1810s (/wiki/Category:1810s_fashion) 1820s (/wiki/Category:1820s_fashion) 1830s 1840s (/wiki/Category:1840s_fashion) 1850s (/wiki/Category:1850s_fashion) 1860s (/wiki/Category:1860s_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rf5rj Cached time: 20240721051110 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.150 seconds Real time usage: 0.223 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 277/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6317/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.105/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1524576/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 211.716 1 -total 57.48% 121.685 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 33.05% 69.982 1 Template:Commons_category 32.12% 67.999 1 Template:Sister_project 31.39% 66.458 1 Template:Side_box 14.87% 31.483 2 Template:If_then_show 7.48% 15.828 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 5.26% 11.134 1 Template:Category_other 4.24% 8.968 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.86% 3.940 1 Template:Title_decade Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35055730-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721051110 and revision id 1081502185. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. C Clothing companies established in 1810 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1810) ‎ (1 P) Clothing companies established in 1830 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1830) ‎ (2 P) Clothing companies established in 1837 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1837) ‎ (2 P) Pages in category "1830s fashion" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 1830s in Western fashion (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) C Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Charvet Place Vendôme (/wiki/Charvet_Place_Vend%C3%B4me) F Ferronnière (/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re) H Hourglass corset (/wiki/Hourglass_corset) M Monocle (/wiki/Monocle) P Peinetón (/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n) Pelerine (/wiki/Pelerine) T Traditional Welsh costume (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) W Welsh hat (/wiki/Welsh_hat) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1830s_fashion&oldid=1081502185 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1830s_fashion&oldid=1081502185) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1830s (/wiki/Category:1830s) 1830s in art (/wiki/Category:1830s_in_art) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Venezuelan fashion designer (born 1960) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Ángel Sánchez" fashion designer (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%C3%81ngel+S%C3%A1nchez%22+fashion+designer&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Angel Sanchez Born ( 1960-10-07 ) October 7, 1960 (age 63) Valera (/wiki/Valera) , Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) Ángel Sánchez (born October 7, 1960) is a Venezuelan (/wiki/Venezuela) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . He specializes in evening wear and bridal designs. He was inspired to enter fashion by his mother, who was an atelier, and combined that with his knowledge of architecture, which he practiced for many years and refers to as his "first love". [1] (#cite_note-1) Sánchez's designs reflect his architectural discipline and structure while creating new shapes and proportions that hold true to the timeless perfection of traditional couture. His designs are architectural, contemporary, and feminine; which always include a touch of drama. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Angel Sanchez" (http://angelsanchezusa.com/#/about/designer) . angelsanchezusa.com . Retrieved 2021-03-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Angel Sanchez says success due to loyal clients" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081217175209/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/27666806/) . msnbc.com (/wiki/Msnbc.com) . 11 November 2008. Archived from the original (https://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/27666806) on 17 December 2008 . Retrieved 19 December 2010 . External links [ edit ] http://www.angelsanchezusa.com/index.php (http://www.angelsanchezusa.com/index.php) http://www.angelsanchezusa.com/bio.php (http://www.angelsanchezusa.com/bio.php) http://www.wwd.com/runway/bridal-spring-2015/review/angel-sanchez (http://www.wwd.com/runway/bridal-spring-2015/review/angel-sanchez) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ngel_S%C3%A1nchez_(fashion_designer)&action=edit) . v t e This article about a Venezuelan artist is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Type of infant footwear For the foot part of a scuba diving suit, see wetsuit boot (/wiki/Wetsuit_boot) and Dry suit § Boots (/wiki/Dry_suit#Boots) . Infant's bootees A bootee (also bootie or booty ) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a short soft sock or bootlike garment (/wiki/Garment) used for warmth or protection. Bootees for babies are usually thick and knitted, to keep the baby's feet warm. Dog booties (/wiki/Dog_booties) for dogs such as sledge dogs (/wiki/Sledge_dog) in very cold Arctic (/wiki/Arctic) conditions (see Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race (/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race) ) protect the animal from the cold and sharp ice. Booties worn over the shoes in cold-weather biking similarly protect cyclists. [2] (#cite_note-2) Disposable (/wiki/Disposable_product) socks, such as those worn for hygiene by surgical teams, are also called bootees. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "AskOxford" (http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/bootee?view=uk) . Retrieved 2009-04-04 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cycling booties and shoe covers (http://www.realcyclist.com/cycling-booties-and-shoe-covers) External links [ edit ] Media related to Bootees (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bootees) at Wikimedia Commons hide v t e Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Lower leg Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Bootee Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Socks (/wiki/Sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) Crew sock (/wiki/Crew_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Low cut (/wiki/Low_cut_sock) Full leg Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Fully fashioned stockings (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_stockings) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) RHT stockings (/wiki/RHT_stockings) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Full body Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Historical Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Brands Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Edoo (/wiki/Hanesbrands) Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) Gerbe (/wiki/Gerbe_(lingerie)) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) HUE (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Coopers (/wiki/Jockey_International) L'eggs (/wiki/L%27eggs) Levante (/wiki/Levante_(hosiery)) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) No Nonsense (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Pretty Polly (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wigwam (/wiki/Wigwam_Mills) Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) This shoe (/wiki/Shoe) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bootee&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐28rz8 Cached time: 20240719105021 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.299 seconds Real time usage: 0.433 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 581/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17584/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1049/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16401/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16430541/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 399.204 1 -total 38.49% 153.654 1 Template:Hosiery 38.04% 151.862 1 Template:Navbox 20.01% 79.889 1 Template:Transl 19.59% 78.218 1 Template:Short_description 18.20% 72.670 1 Template:Cite_web 8.56% 34.180 4 Template:Main_other 8.41% 33.573 2 Template:Pagetype 7.11% 28.390 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 6.75% 26.951 1 Template:Sister-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1273449-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719105021 and revision id 1182496293. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bootee&oldid=1182496293 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bootee&oldid=1182496293) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hosiery (/wiki/Category:Hosiery) Infants' clothing (/wiki/Category:Infants%27_clothing) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from September 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2022) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Articles relating to mantles (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) , a type of loose garment (/wiki/Garment) usually worn over indoor clothing (/wiki/Clothing) to serve the same purpose as an overcoat (/wiki/Overcoat) . Technically, the term describes a long, loose cape (/wiki/Cape) -like cloak (/wiki/Cloak) worn from the 12th to the 16th century by both sexes, although by the 19th century, it was used to describe any loose-fitting, shaped outer garment similar to a cape. For example, the dolman (/wiki/Dolman) , a 19th-century cape-like woman's garment with partial sleeves is often described as a mantle. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐mm4m4 Cached time: 20240628040703 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76558579-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628040703 and revision id 1217907932. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Mantles (clothing)" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Mantle (clothing) (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) D Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) H Himation (/wiki/Himation) M Mantle (monastic vesture) (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) Mantle (royal garment) (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) P Palla (garment) (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) V Visite (/wiki/Visite) W Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Mantles_(clothing)&oldid=1217907932 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Mantles_(clothing)&oldid=1217907932) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Coats (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Coats_(clothing)) Medieval European costume (/wiki/Category:Medieval_European_costume) Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks)
One of Sachsenspiegel (/wiki/Sachsenspiegel) 's illustrations. A Wend (/wiki/Wends) stands at the left, gesturing that he does not understand the speech. He has a halfshaven head and characteristically wrapped legs, like all the Wends in the Sachsenspiegel . Henry I the Bearded (/wiki/Henry_I_the_Bearded) and Jadwiga of Andechs (/wiki/Jadwiga_of_Andechs) wedding, 14th century Poles are on the left, with halfshaven heads. Medieval Poles didn't like long hair: Henry's beard was so strange to them that he was even called "the Bearded". Stanisław Koniecpolski (/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Koniecpolski) , 17th century The Last of Nieczujas The czupryna ( Polish (/wiki/Polish_language) : wysokie polskie cięcie, podgolony łeb, łaszczówka ), also known as the Polish halfshaven head , is a traditional Polish noble haircut, associated mainly with Sarmatism (/wiki/Sarmatism) , but worn by Poles in the Middle Ages too. It is marked by shaving hair above the ears and on the neck at the same height, with longer hair on the top of the head. For hundreds of years it was typical of Poles. History [ edit ] The origins of the halfshaven head are not clear. It was probably worn before the 12th century until its slow disappearance in the 18th century. Some of the earliest mentions of the "Polish halfshaven head" from the Middle Ages were written by an anonymous Franciscan in 1308, [1] (#cite_note-1) Wincenty from Kielcza [2] (#cite_note-2) (half of 13th century), and Austrian poet Zygfryd Helbling (/wiki/Seifried_Helbling) (end of 13th century), [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) who was swearing on Polish and Czech influences. [ clarification needed ] In the chronicles of Mierzwa (beginning of 14th century) from Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) , we can also read that Prince Leszek the Black (/wiki/Leszek_the_Black) (died in 1288) grew his hair to ingratiate himself with Germans, so it was a scandal both in his times and in the times of the chronicle. Graphic sources include the paten (half of 13th century) from Płock Cathedral (/wiki/P%C5%82ock_Cathedral) commissioned by Konrad Mazowiecki (/wiki/Konrad_Mazowiecki) , and the paten commissioned by Mieszko the Old (/wiki/Mieszko_the_Old) (year 1195) [5] (#cite_note-5) for the Cistercian (/wiki/Cistercian) monastery in Ląd (/wiki/L%C4%85d) , and the floor from Wiślica (/wiki/Wi%C5%9Blica) (years 1175-1180). [6] (#cite_note-6) The halfshaven head and other Slavs [ edit ] It is possible that not only Poles, but also other Slavs wore a halfshaven head. In the year 1235, the British Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) Bartholomeus Anglicus (/wiki/Bartholomeus_Anglicus) wrote in his encyclopedia that for the most part all the Slavs, except Ruthenians and those Slavs who were mixed with Germans and Latins, shave their heads. [7] (#cite_note-7) Bartholomeus, who lived in Magdeburg for several years, knew the Slavic lands well. [8] (#cite_note-8) By "Slavic lands" he meant the area from Saxony (/wiki/Saxony) to Ruthenia (/wiki/Ruthenia) and from Dalmatia (/wiki/Dalmatia) , Carinthia (/wiki/Carinthia) and Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) to the Baltic Sea (/wiki/Baltic_Sea) . Saxo Grammaticus (/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus) also wrote about shaven heads and the dislike of beards when writing about the Slavic temple of Arkona (/wiki/Cape_Arkona) ( Jaromarsburg (/wiki/Jaromarsburg) ). [9] (#cite_note-9) He wrote that according to the common custom, only priests could grow long hair and beards. [10] (#cite_note-10) In a Saxon manifesto against Slavic pagans from the year 1108 it is mentioned that Slavs simulated Saxons during an attack by wearing their scalps [11] (#cite_note-11) - Saxons grew long hair, [12] (#cite_note-12) so the Polabian haircut had to be very different: very short. This suggests that the custom of shaving the hair, recognised as Polish in the 13th century, had to be more widespread. The existence of the czupryna amongst the Polabian Slav territories is clearly attested by many archaeological discoveries. By way of example, one may adduce the following: a small bronze statue from Schwedt/Oder (X-11th century), [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Altfriesack Götze , a wooden statue from Altfriesack (6th-7th century), [15] (#cite_note-15) a sitting statue from Gatschow near Demmin (XI-12th century), [16] (#cite_note-16) and a small sculpture from Merserburg near Leipzig (10th century). [17] (#cite_note-17) All the figures have short hair and halfshaven heads. There are also a metal fitting from the museum in Oldburg and a wooden statue from Wolin (10th century). Because of corrosion, it is difficult to say if the heads are shaven, but the hair is surely short. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) The clearest proof are the Sachsenspiegel (/wiki/Sachsenspiegel) illustrations - all Wends (/wiki/Wends) in the illustrations (in contrast with the long-haired Saxons) have a short haircut, shaved at ear-height. A halfshaven haircut, similar in appearance to a modern Mohican haircut (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) , was also worn by the Cossacks (/wiki/Cossacks) of Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) from the 1500s until the 20th century. This was known as the Oseledets (/wiki/Oseledets) and was seen as the mark of identification as a true Cossack. Types of halfshaven head [ edit ] Through the centuries in Polish literature we can see a specialised nomenclature surrounding the czupryna . It is possible to distinguish various types: czupryna (staro)polska – the (old-)Polish halfshaven head . This is the oldest type of halfshaven head; we can see it in medieval sources, and similarly we know that Jan III Sobieski (/wiki/Jan_III_Sobieski) wore this type of czupryna too. czupryna łaszczowa – Łaszcz's halfshaven head . This is the type of czupryna connected with Samuel Łaszcz (/wiki/Samuel_%C5%81aszcz) , who, according to sources, popularised this type. In the czupryna łaszczowa type, the shaving was higher. czupryna czerkieska – the Cherkess halfshaven head . From the name, we can deduce that this type was probably similar to traditional Circassian (/wiki/Circassians) male haircuts. czupryna szwedzka – the Swedish halfshaven head . According to the sources the shaving was lower, more similar to the Order of Saint Benedict (/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict) tonsure, and sprinkled with powder. głowa cybulana – the onion-like head . A playful name for a trend of reducing the czupryna to some hair at the top of the head. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Another illustration of Wends from Sachsenspiegel . Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski, circa 1690 Jerzy Ossoliński, circa 1635. Another popular, later version of halfshaven haircut with a tuft on the top. See also [ edit ] Sarmatism (/wiki/Sarmatism) Oseledets (/wiki/Oseledets) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Anonymi descriptio Europeae Orientalis, wyd. O. Górka, Kraków 1916, s. 57–58: olim omnes Poloni ibant tonsi, sicut conversi cistercienses, sed nunc aliqui incipiunt dimittere crines. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Vita minor , cap. 24, MPH IV, s. 272: Ob cuius dispesacionis beneficium ac recordacionis memorabile signum indictum est Polonis, ut in tonsura rotunda conformarent se moribus religiosorum ; to samo powtarza Vita maior, cap. 12, MPH IV, s382. Kontrowersje wokół datowania żywotów nie mają, według Jurka, znaczenia, gdyż dotyczą kilku lat, czyli około roku 1248 lub około 1254, zob. M. Plezia, Dookoła sprawy świętego Stanisława. Studium źródłoznawcze , wyd. 2, Bydgoszcz 1999, s. 138. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Seifrief Helbling, Der Kleine Lucidarius, III 225 n. Wyd. J. Seemüller, Halle 1886 (reprint 1987), s. 123: Waz will du Pôlân hôchbeschorn?/der Ungern waere daz vil zorn/ der ir langem hâr erkür/die hôhen pôlânischen schüer. Pieśń trzecia powstała, według ustaleń wydawcy (s. XX), w latach 1292-1294. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ibidem, VIII 793n., s. 210 n.: und swer in disem lande snit/gewant nâch der Pôlân sit,/ daz dem sin hâr waer geschorn / hôch úf für die ôrn/ daz sold im nimer washen. Pieśń iVIII pochodzi z 1299 r. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sztuka polska przedromańska , il. 1058; P Skubiszewski, Patena kaliska, Rocz. Hist. Szt. 3 (1962), s. 158-213; do datacji por. T. Jurek, Dokumenty fundacyjne opactwa w Lądzie, Rocz. Hist. 66 (2000), s. 34; barwna reprodukcja w: Cystersi w średniowiecznej Polsce. Kultura i sztuka. Katalog wystawy, Warszawa-Poznań 1991, s. 142–143, 146–147. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sztuka polska przedromańska , il. 696, 703; L. Kalinowski, Romańska posadzka z rytami figuralnymi w krypcie kolegiaty wiślickiej , w: Odkrycia w Wiślicy. Rozprawy Zespołu Badań nad Polskim Średniowieczem Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i Politechniki Warszawskiej, t. I, Warszawa 1963, s. 86–110; J. Leśny, w: SSS, t. VI, Wrocław 1980, s. 497-499 (z bibliografią); J. Dobosz, Polityka fundacyjna Kazimierza Sprawiedliwego, Poznań 1995, s. 54-57 (gdzie uściślenie ramowych dat powstania oraz zestawienie literatury). ^ (#cite_ref-7) A. E. Schönbach, Des Bartolomeus Anglicus Beschreibung Deutschlands gegen 1240, Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichsche Geschichstforschung 27 (1906), s. 54-90, tu s. 71: qui omnes se intelligunt et in multis sunt similes, quo ad linguam et quo ad mores, dispares tamen quo ad ritum, – omnes etiam isti pro maiori parte in coma sunt attonsi, exeptis Ruthenis et ilis, qui mixti sunt cum Teutonicis et Latinis. Fragment tekstu z późnośredniowiecznego wyciągu wydał W. Kętrzyński w MPH VI, s. 587-588, zamiast attonsi dając jednak accensi (zapalczywi?). ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lexikon des Mittelalters , t. I kol. 1492-1493; por. Też A. F. Grabski, Polska w opiniach obcych X-XIII w. , Warszawa 1964, s. 95 i n. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum , lib. XIV, cap. 39,3, wyd. J. Orlik, H. Raeder, t. I, Hauniae 1931, s. 645: Corrasae barbae, crines attonsi figurabatur, ut artificis industriam Rugianorum ritum in cultu capitum aemulatam putares . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ibidem, cap. 39,4: sacerdos praeter communem patriae ritum barbae comaeque prolixitate spectandus . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Urkundenbuch des Erzstifts Magdeburg , wyd. F. Israel, Magdeburg 1937, nr. 193: Quamplures vivos excoriant et cute capitis abstracta hoc modo larvati in christianorum fines erumpunt et se christianos mentientes predas impune abigunt ; przedruk: G. Labuda, Fragmenty dziejów Słowiańszczyzny Zachodniej , t. III, Poznań 1975, s. 233-236 (cytat s. 234); tamże obszerna dyskusja na temat tego zabytku. Na ustęp ten zwrócił uwagę S. Trawkowski, w: Kultura Polski średniowiecznej X-XIII w. , s. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Por. choćby u Widukinda lib. I cap. 9: mirati sunt Franci – diffusos scapulas caesarie [Saxones] . ^ (#cite_ref-13) http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2009/dezember/ (http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2009/dezember/) ilustracja Abb.3 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Bałwany" (http://www.lucivo.pl/2012/09/bawany.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) http://www.lucivo.pl/2012/09/bawany.html (http://www.lucivo.pl/2012/09/bawany.html) Zdjęcia głowy: http://swinow.livejournal.com/58500.html (http://swinow.livejournal.com/58500.html) ^ (#cite_ref-16) http://lucivo1.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=7563107&item=11 (http://lucivo1.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=7563107&item=11) [ permanent dead link ] Link do szkicu(Abb.6): http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2012/januar/ (http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2012/januar/) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie" (http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2012/januar/) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) http://lucivo1.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=7563107&item=11 (http://lucivo1.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=7563107&item=11) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-19) http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2012/januar/ (http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2012/januar/) Fotografia Abb.4 ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Encyklopedia staropolska/Czupryna - Wikiźródła, wolna biblioteka" (https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyklopedia_staropolska/Czupryna) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "O strojach czyli sukniach - Wikiźródła, wolna biblioteka" (https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/O_strojach_czyli_sukniach) . v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) 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( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Beulah London Industry Fashion Founded 2010 Founder Natasha Isaacs (/wiki/Natasha_Rufus_Isaacs) & Lavinia Brennan Defunct 2020 Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Website beulahlondon (http://beulahlondon.com) .com (http://beulahlondon.com) Beulah London is a British fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_brand) founded by Natasha Isaacs (/wiki/Natasha_Isaacs) and Lavinia Brennan. History [ edit ] Beulah London is a luxury fashion brand founded in 2010 by Natasha Isaacs (/wiki/Natasha_Isaacs) and Lavinia Brennan, it is a British fashion brand that specializes in creating clothing and accessories that are both stylish and socially responsible. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand is known for its use of luxurious fabrics and its focus on ethical and sustainable production methods. The brand is also known for its commitment to empowering women, particularly those affected by human trafficking [2] (#cite_note-2) and poverty, by providing them with employment and training opportunities. Beulah London clothing is made with sustainable and organic materials, and the brand has also committed to reducing its carbon footprint and promoting environmentally friendly practices in its production process. [3] (#cite_note-3) Initial funding for the company came from family and personal investments. [4] (#cite_note-ES-4) In late 2011, the company announced that fashion retailer Oscar Pinto-Hervia would be investing in the company and selling their lines in his online outlet. [5] (#cite_note-5) Customers included Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) , Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) , Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) , Pippa Middleton (/wiki/Pippa_Middleton) , and Catherine, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) . [4] (#cite_note-ES-4) Collapse [ edit ] The company declared itself insolvent in April 2020 in spite of owing large sums to many small local businesses. Despite Beulah's claims to be an "ethical" company, they chose to deliberately place large orders knowing they would be unable to pay for them, leaving a trail of devastation and looming unemployment for many UK workers. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.beulahlondon.com/) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Made in Britain: Beulah London - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10554059/Made-in-Britain-Beulah-London.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 25 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kate Middleton's olive green dress has a powerful message behind it" (https://www.today.com/style/kate-middleton-s-beulah-london-dress-supports-human-trafficking-victims-t147296) . TODAY.com . 23 January 2019 . Retrieved 25 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Assoune, Alex (2 September 2020). "Beulah London Is Now Back After The Worst Happened" (https://www.panaprium.com/blogs/i/beulah-london-ethical) . Panaprium . Retrieved 25 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pollara, Priscilla (20 June 2011). "Ethics girls are no ordinary rich kids" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111214012009/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23962246-ethics-girls-are-no-ordinary-rich-kids.do) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . Archived from the original (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23962246-ethics-girls-are-no-ordinary-rich-kids.do) on 14 December 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Oscar Pinto-Hervia Invests In Beulah London" (https://archive.today/20130421035605/http://www.releasewire.co.uk/release/hervia-bazaar/oscar-pinto-hervia-invests-in-beulah-london/) (Press release). Beulah London. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.releasewire.co.uk/release/hervia-bazaar/oscar-pinto-hervia-invests-in-beulah-london/) on 21 April 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Abraham, Tamara (11 August 2020). "When the Kate effect isn't enough: What went wrong at society-favourite Beulah?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/kate-effect-isnt-enough-went-wrong-society-favourite-beulah/) . The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Watts, Robert. "Row erupts over collapse of 'ethical' fashion brand Beulah" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/row-erupts-over-collapse-of-ethical-fashion-brand-beulah-99bk22k3v) . 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French businessperson Laure Heriard Dubreuil Born Paris, France Alma mater Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) Occupation(s) Entrepreneur Business owner (/wiki/Businessperson) Known for Founder (/wiki/Organizational_founder) and Creative Director of The Webster Spouse Aaron Young (/wiki/Aaron_Young_(artist)) Website www (http://www.thewebster.us) .thewebster (http://www.thewebster.us) .us (http://www.thewebster.us) Laure Heriard Dubreuil is a French entrepreneur and the founder and creative director of The Webster (/wiki/The_Webster) . [1] (#cite_note-HP01-1) The Webster is a luxury multi-brand retailer operating five physical boutiques in the U.S. and an online store. [2] (#cite_note-HB-2) Prior to founding The Webster, Heriard Dubreuil worked in merchandising for both Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [3] (#cite_note-R29-3) Early life and education [ edit ] Heriard Dubreuil grew up in Paris, France [4] (#cite_note-WMag02-4) as a member of the family that produces Rémy Martin (/wiki/R%C3%A9my_Martin) cognac. [5] (#cite_note-Art-5) She went to Sainte Marie de Neuilly highschool. She attended Paris Dauphine University (/wiki/Paris_Dauphine_University) , where she studied economics and Mandarin (/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese) at Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales. She became fluent in Mandarin and spent time in Shanghai as part of her Far East Studies. [2] (#cite_note-HB-2) [6] (#cite_note-BoF-6) In the late 90s, she decided to attend New York City's Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) (FIT) where she earned a degree in Merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) . [2] (#cite_note-HB-2) [5] (#cite_note-Art-5) Career [ edit ] After graduating from FIT, Heriard Dubreuil returned to France where she worked as a merchandiser alongside Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) at Balenciaga and, later, alongside Stefano Pilati (/wiki/Stefano_Pilati) at Yves Saint Laurent. In 2007, she decided to move to Miami to open The Webster Miami. [2] (#cite_note-HB-2) [7] (#cite_note-Interview-7) The shop features items from a number of prominent brands including Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) , [4] (#cite_note-WMag02-4) Pierre Hardy, and Céline (/wiki/C%C3%A9line_(brand)) . [8] (#cite_note-TNY-8) The shop itself is housed in a renovated 1939 Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) building designed by Henry Hohauser (/wiki/Henry_Hohauser) [5] (#cite_note-Art-5) on Collins Avenue (/wiki/Collins_Avenue) in Miami Beach (/wiki/Miami_Beach) . [9] (#cite_note-HB2-9) In 2012 Heriard Dubreuil facilitated a partnership between retailer Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) and The Webster to become a part of "The Shops at Target" brand. [10] (#cite_note-R292-10) In December 2013, The Webster opened a second location at the Bal Harbour Shops (/wiki/Bal_Harbour_Shops) in Miami Beach. In January 2015, Heriard Dubreuil helped design an all-white capsule collection (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) with French department store Le Bon Marché (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) owned by LVMH. The collection was created for Le Bon Marché's annual "month of white" and features designers like Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) and Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) . The collection was sold exclusively at The Webster and Le Bon Marché. [11] (#cite_note-Style-11) The Webster's fourth location in South Coast Plaza, Costa Mesa, California opened in September 2016. [12] (#cite_note-thewebster.us-12) Followed by the fifth and newest location in SoHo, New York City, in November 2017. Measuring approximately 12,000 square feet, the building, which dates to 1878, features six stories, including a penthouse and a David Mallett salon. [12] (#cite_note-thewebster.us-12) On 29 November 2017 Heriard Dubreuil launched her debut collection of her new line, LHD. The upper contemporary label offers ready-to-wear, accessories, and exclusive collaborations fit for a global lifestyle. A well-seasoned traveler with an admirable passport, Laure wanted to create a collection inspired by the destinations she loves most. With an emphasis on exclusive prints, electric color palettes, and vintage inspired silhouettes, LHD is at once glamorous, timeless, feminine, and, most importantly, effortless. LHD sells exclusively at lhd.us,thewebster.us, and The Webster boutiques. Heriard Dubreuil has been a frequent participant in and proponent of the Art Basel (/wiki/Art_Basel) Art Fair in Miami Beach. [5] (#cite_note-Art-5) As a revered member of the fashion industry, Laure has participated in the prestigious WWD's annual CEO Summit, currently serves on the expert committee of LVMH's annual fashion prize which fosters young talent and recognized by Business of Fashion, for the past 2 consecutive years, among their top BoF 500: The People Shaping The Global Fashion Industry. Laure was a member of the fashion jury for the 32nd Fashion and photography festival at Hyères and most recently a judge for the Vogue Mexico 'Who's on Next' competition in 2018. In 2015 Laure became an ambassador of mothers 2 mothers, a global not-for-profit organization leading efforts in Sub Saharan Africa to end pediatric AIDS, ensuring good health and wellbeing for everyone, and achieving gender equality. [13] (#cite_note-13) Personal life [ edit ] Heriard Dubreuil is married to New York-based artist Aaron Young (/wiki/Aaron_Young_(artist)) . In early 2014, the couple had their first child. [5] (#cite_note-Art-5) [14] (#cite_note-Vogue-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-HP01_1-0) Polla, Ada (17 June 2014). "Laure Heriard Dubreuil: Stylish Advice for Effortless Chic" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ada-polla/laure-heriard-dubreuil-st_b_5500504.html?) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Blasberg, Derek (25 March 2011). "Laure Heriard Dubreuil Interview: Personal Style" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/a690/laure-heriard-dubreuil-interview/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-R29_3-0) Rankin, Seija (15 May 2012). "1 Girl, 4 Looks: The World's Most Fashionable CEO?" (https://www.refinery29.com/laure-heriard-dubreuil-interview-pictures#slide) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Limnander, Armand (January 2013). "Miami Nice" (http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/travel/2013/01/laure-heriard-dubreuil-miami/) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Goldstein, Andrew M. (5 December 2013). "Laure Heriard Dubreuil, of South Beach's Exclusive Webster Boutique, Connects Art and Fashion" (http://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/laure_heriard_dubreuil) . Artspace Magazine . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-BoF_6-0) "Laure Heriard Dubreuil" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/laure-heriard-dubreuil) . Business of Fashion. 2014 . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Interview_7-0) "Laure Heriard Dubreuil" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/the-curators-laure-heriard-dubreuil#_) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . January 2013 . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-TNY_8-0) Moss, Hilary (23 September 2014). "Laure Heriard Dubreuil on What to Pack for Paris" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/paris-fashion-week-spring-2015-laure-heriard-dubreuil-webster-miami-what-to-pack/?_r=0) . T: The New York Times Style Magazine (/wiki/T:_The_New_York_Times_Style_Magazine) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-HB2_9-0) Pieri, Kerry (13 December 2012). "BAZAAR Boards: Miami MVP Laure Heriard Dubreuil" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/a8598/bazaar-boards-laure-heriard-dubreuil-121312/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-R292_10-0) Brillson, Leila (5 April 2012). "YES: The Webster For Target Is Here And We're Giving It Away!" (https://www.refinery29.com/webster-for-target#slide) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Style_11-0) Tice Studeman, Kristin (9 January 2015). "Exclusive: A First Look at The Webster x Le Bon Marché Designer Capsule Collection" (http://www.style.com/trends/industry/2015/the-webster-le-bon-marche-designer-capsule-collection) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "About | the Webster" (http://thewebster.us/history/) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Discover World of LHD | the Webster" (http://thewebster.us/laure-heriard-dubreuil/) . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_14-0) Codinha, Alessandra (23 May 2014). "New Mom Laure Heriard Dubreuil on the Secret to Bikinis After Baby and Chic Beach Style" (http://www.vogue.com/866188/laure-heriard-dubreuil-on-bikinis-after-baby-and-more/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . External links [ edit ] The Webster Official Website (http://thewebster.us/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐p86zv Cached time: 20240721152110 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.638 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27488/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1456/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 54290/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.175/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6715168/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 364.519 1 -total 40.13% 146.290 1 Template:Reflist 33.82% 123.292 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.35% 92.407 6 Template:Cite_news 14.91% 54.332 1 Template:Short_description 9.92% 36.143 18 Template:Main_other 8.77% 31.964 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.48% 27.256 2 Template:Pagetype 6.67% 24.316 6 Template:Cite_magazine 6.35% 23.161 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46308262-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721152110 and revision id 1208542225. 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Pakistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐jj2gv Cached time: 20240628115855 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.028 seconds Real time usage: 0.040 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 714/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 630297/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 32.671 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 32.671 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60710352-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628115855 and revision id 896175679. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Pakistani businesspeople in fashion" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . S Shamoon Sultan (/wiki/Shamoon_Sultan) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Pakistani_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896175679 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Pakistani_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=896175679) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Pakistani businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_businesspeople_by_industry) Pakistani fashion (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_fashion) Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐mtbvc Cached time: 20240713143335 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.007 seconds Real time usage: 0.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56844472-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713143335 and revision id 1136977051. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "French fashion journalists" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Emmanuelle Alt (/wiki/Emmanuelle_Alt) B Nora Baldenweg (/wiki/Nora_Baldenweg) Marie-Louise Bousquet (/wiki/Marie-Louise_Bousquet) I Paul Iribe (/wiki/Paul_Iribe) P Peclers (/wiki/Peclers) Marie-Jacques Perrier (/wiki/Marie-Jacques_Perrier) R Emmeline Raymond (/wiki/Emmeline_Raymond) Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) Z Olivier Zahm (/wiki/Olivier_Zahm) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_fashion_journalists&oldid=1136977051 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_fashion_journalists&oldid=1136977051) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:Fashion_journalists) French journalists (/wiki/Category:French_journalists) French fashion (/wiki/Category:French_fashion)
Israeli fashion company Galia Lahav Industry Fashion Founder Galia Lahav Headquarters Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) , Israel Website www (https://www.galialahav.com) .galialahav (https://www.galialahav.com) .com (https://www.galialahav.com) Galia Lahav is a fashion label (/wiki/Fashion_label) established in 1984 in Tel Aviv, Israel (/wiki/Tel_Aviv,_Israel) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It was founded by fashion designer Galia Lahav. The brand is primarily known for its bridal and evening wear. [2] (#cite_note-HYDER-2) In January 2017, it became the first Israeli brand to be accepted by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (/wiki/Chambre_Syndicale_de_la_Haute_Couture) and to present in Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [3] (#cite_note-HAARETZ-3) As of 2019, the brand is represented by 70 stores across 40 countries. [2] (#cite_note-HYDER-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Singer Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) wore a Galia Lahav bridal gown to renew her vows (/wiki/Wedding_vow_renewal_ceremony) . [6] (#cite_note-6) History [ edit ] Bar Refaeli in Galia Lahav dress in Eurovision Song Contest 2019 (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019) Galia Lahav was born in Pinsk, Belarus (/wiki/Pinsk,_Belarus) in 1948. [7] (#cite_note-Yediot16-7) Lahav emigrated (/wiki/Aliyah) with her family to Israel in 1957, and grew up in southern Israel, in the city of Ashkelon (/wiki/Ashkelon) . She taught crafts at a public school in Ashdod (/wiki/Ashdod) , until beginning to dedicate herself to a fashion business full-time at the age of 36, after giving birth to her youngest child. [3] (#cite_note-HAARETZ-3) In 2005, after operating for more than 2 decades in the Israeli market, Galia's youngest son, Idan Lahav, had joined the company as the CEO and helped expand the company's operations to the international market. In a Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) interview, [8] (#cite_note-Forbes-8) Lahav shared how technology and data-driven approach has helped the brand penetrate the global arena. "Galia Lahav continues to look to the paradoxes of the connected consumer to guide its data-driven, creative-centric approach, forging innovative inroads deeper into the ever-expanding social worlds of the most demanding (and fashionable) of all connected consumers." Notable clients and projects [ edit ] Galia Lahav dresses worn by Name Event Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Chasing Happiness Premiere [9] (#cite_note-9) Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) QVC x FFANY Gala [10] (#cite_note-10) Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) NBC's New Year's Eve [11] (#cite_note-11) Ava DuVernay (/wiki/Ava_DuVernay) Oscars After-Party [12] (#cite_note-12) Michelle Keegan (/wiki/Michelle_Keegan) 2020 Brit Awards [13] (#cite_note-13) Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Eurovision [14] (#cite_note-14) Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) The ‘Mulan’ World Premiere [15] (#cite_note-15) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Vow Renewal [16] (#cite_note-16) Christine Quinn Wedding [17] (#cite_note-17) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) amFAR [18] (#cite_note-18) Tiffany Haddish (/wiki/Tiffany_Haddish) Golden Globes [19] (#cite_note-19) Shanina Shaik (/wiki/Shanina_Shaik) amfAR Hong Kong [20] (#cite_note-20) Olivia Culpo (/wiki/Olivia_Culpo) Miami Swim Week [21] (#cite_note-21) Alesha Dixon (/wiki/Alesha_Dixon) Britain's Got Talent Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) Wedding [22] (#cite_note-22) Simone Biles (/wiki/Simone_Biles) Wedding [23] (#cite_note-23) Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) Harper's Bazaar Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) Wedding [24] (#cite_note-24) Khloe Kardashian (/wiki/Khloe_Kardashian) Kardashian Christmas Party 2023 [25] (#cite_note-25) Nadia Ferreira (/wiki/Nadia_Ferreira) Wedding to Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) Flagship stores [ edit ] Galia Lahav opened its first Flagship store in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) , Israel. In 2016, Galia Lahav opened the doors to their Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) flagship store located on La Brea (/wiki/La_Brea_Avenue) . [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2020, the brand opened another Flagship store in Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida (/wiki/Florida) , and in 2022 they opened their New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) flagship store. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Manners, Ivette (2018-04-16). "Galia Lahav Bridal Spring 2019 Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/bridal-spring-2019/galia-lahav) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2024-07-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hyder, Shama (26 November 2018). "How Galia Lahav's CEO Got His Fairy Tale Ending" (https://www.inc.com/shama-hyder/how-galia-lahavs-ceo-got-his-fairy-tale-ending.html) . Inc. ^ Jump up to: a b Atwan, Shachar (December 16, 2016). "Jennifer Lopez Is a Fan: Meet the First Israeli Haute-couture Fashion House" (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/.premium.MAGAZINE-jennifer-lopez-is-a-fan-meet-the-first-israeli-haute-couture-fashion-house-1.5474801) . Haaretz. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hyder, Shama. "Data-Driven Yet Creative-Centric: How Galia Lahav Built A Fashion Empire On Paradox" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/shamahyder/2019/01/22/data-driven-yet-creative-centric-how-galia-lahav-built-a-fashion-empire-on-paradox/) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wynne, Alex (4 July 2018). "Galia Lahav Couture Fall 2018" (https://wwd.com/runway/fall-couture-2018/paris/galia-lahav/review/) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Beyoncé Reveals Galia Lahav Wedding Vow Renewal Dress And You Can Totally Copy The Look" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/celebrity-style/a25731243/beyonce-reveals-galia-lahav-wedding-vow-renewal-dress/) . Elle UK . 3 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-Yediot16_7-0) Yaakov, Itay (June 1, 2016). "Galia Lahav: How did the teacher from Ashdod become an international dress empire? (Hebrew)" (https://xnet.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4810224,00.html) . Yedioth. ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_8-0) Hyder, Shama (Jan 22, 2019). "Data-Driven Yet Creative-Centric: How Galia Lahav Built A Fashion Empire On Paradox" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/shamahyder/2019/01/22/data-driven-yet-creative-centric-how-galia-lahav-built-a-fashion-empire-on-paradox/) . forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Priyanka Chopra Wore a Galia Lahav Dress With Nick Jonas at His Chasing Happiness Premiere" (https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a27714459/priyanka-chopra-dress-nick-jonas-pda-chasing-happiness-premiere/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . 4 June 2019 . Retrieved 4 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Katy Perry Was Thinking Barbie Pink for BCA in a Retro Look at 2018 QVC x FFANY Gala" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/katy-perrys-bca-pink-style-beauty-at-2018-qvc-x-ffan-gala-pic/) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . 12 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "JLo's NYE Jumpsuit Makes Her Body Look Like It Belongs in a Museum" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Jennifer-Lopez-Galia-Lahav-Jumpsuit-New-Year-Eve-45636597) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . 2 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The Memorable Oscars After-Party Looks You Didn't See" (https://www.whowhatwear.com/oscars-after-party-outfits-2020) . Who What Wear . 10 February 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Michelle Keegan's plunging silver gown is the talk of the 2020 Brit Awards" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/celebrity-style/2020021884957/michelle-keegan-bafta-awards-silver-plunging-gown/) . Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) . 18 February 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Bar Refaeli brilla en Eurovisión: su sensual vestido plateado para presentar la Gran Final" (https://www.elespanol.com/corazon/celebrities/20190518/bar-refaeli-eurovision-plateado-presentar-gran-final/399460694_0.html) . El Español (/wiki/El_Espa%C3%B1ol) . 18 May 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Christina Aguilera Wore Galia Lahav To The 'Mulan' World Premiere" (https://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2020/03/10/christina-aguilera-wore-galia-lahav-to-the-mulan-world-premiere/) . Redcarpet-Fashionawards . 10 March 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "All The Details On Beyoncé's Vow Renewal Wedding Dress" (https://www.vogue.com/article/beyonce-jay-z-wedding-vow-renewal-dress-galia-lahav) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 4 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Selling Sunset's Christine Quinn Secretly Got Married: Inside Her Gothic Winter Wonderland Wedding" (https://people.com/home/selling-sunset-star-christine-quinn-married-christian-richard-wedding-photos/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . 8 April 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "LAIS RIBEIRO SAUNAS & DRINKS HOT CHOCOLATE BEFORE EVERY RED CARPET" (https://coveteur.com/2020/02/06/lais-ribeiro-amfar-gala-2020/) . Coveteur (/w/index.php?title=Coveteur&action=edit&redlink=1) . 5 February 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Tiffany Haddish's Emergency Makeup Touch-Up Is the Biggest Mood of the Golden Globes" (https://www.allure.com/story/golden-globes-2020-tiffany-haddish-makeup-touch-up-red-carpet) . Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . 5 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Shanina Shaik In Galia Lahav Couture – amfAR Hong Kong 2018" (https://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2018/03/26/shanina-shaik-galia-lahav-couture-amfar-hong-kong-2018//) . RCFA (/w/index.php?title=RCFA&action=edit&redlink=1) . 26 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Olivia Culpo The Swim Week Kick-Off Party in Miami" (http://www.starstyle.com/olivia-culpo-the-swim-week-kick-off-party-in-miami-sp378250/#google_vignette/) . Star Style (/w/index.php?title=Star_Style&action=edit&redlink=1) . 12 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Every Single Dress Paris Hilton Wore During Her Marathon Wedding Weekend" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/every-single-dress-paris-hilton-wore-during-her-marathon-wedding-weekend) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 18 November 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Simone Biles Is Officially Married! Inside Her Final Dress Fitting at Galia Lahav" (https://www.vogue.com/article/simone-biles-wedding-galia-lahav-fitting/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(Magazine)) . 6 May 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "See the Beachy Bridal Dress Vanessa Hudgens Wore for Her Wedding Welcome Dinner in Mexico" (https://people.com/see-the-beachy-bridal-dress-vanessa-hudgens-wore-for-her-wedding-weekend-8411057) . People (/wiki/People) . 5 December 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Khloé Kardashian Shimmers in Over-the-Top Champagne Glam for Family's Annual Christmas Eve Bash" (https://people.com/khloe-kardashian-family-christmas-eve-party-outfit-2023-photos-8418145) . People (/wiki/People) . 25 December 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Hamanaka, Kari (2016-01-27). "Galia Lahav to Open First Flagship on La Brea" (https://wwd.com/feature/galia-lahav-first-flagship-on-la-brea-10332333/) . WWD . Retrieved 2024-07-13 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.galialahav.com/) Galia Lahav (https://www.instagram.com/galialahav/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Galia Lahav (https://www.pinterest.com/galialahav/) on Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest_(identifier)) Galia Lahav's channel (https://www.youtube.com/user/galialahavchannel) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_user_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐xmcc9 Cached time: 20240713231722 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.466 seconds Real time usage: 0.665 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2371/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46841/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1503/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 95060/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.281/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6549300/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 568.119 1 -total 40.35% 229.216 1 Template:Reflist 30.22% 171.709 1 Template:Infobox_company 22.31% 126.771 9 Template:Cite_web 20.58% 116.896 1 Template:Infobox 14.99% 85.182 1 Template:Short_description 12.49% 70.973 17 Template:Cite_magazine 10.78% 61.255 11 Template:Main_other 9.58% 54.441 2 Template:Pagetype 7.46% 42.406 1 Template:Wikidata Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58700339-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713231722 and revision id 1234358896. 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American journalist and fashion designer Nina Parker Born Sacramento (/wiki/Sacramento,_California) , California, U.S. Education San Francisco State University (/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University) (BA) Occupation(s) Journalist, fashion designer Years active 2007―present Known for Nightly Pop (/wiki/Nightly_Pop) Nina Parker is an American television journalist, television presenter and fashion designer. Parker co-hosts Nightly Pop (/wiki/Nightly_Pop) on E! (/wiki/E!) , a late-night entertainment news show that debuted in 2018. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-essence-2) Life and career [ edit ] Parker was raised in Sacramento (/wiki/Sacramento,_California) , California. [3] (#cite_note-3) She received her bachelor's degree in broadcast and electronic communication arts from San Francisco State University (/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University) . While at San Francisco State University, she became a member of Delta Sigma Theta (/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta) sorority. [4] (#cite_note-4) She began her entertainment career at TMZ (/wiki/TMZ) in 2007. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2011, she went on to work as an entertainment correspondent for The Insider (/wiki/The_Insider_(TV_program)) . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) In 2015, she became the host for the Love & Hip Hop (/wiki/Love_%26_Hip_Hop) reunion shows, and hosted for four years until 2020. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) She was hired as an inaugural co-host on E! (/wiki/E!) 's Nightly Pop (/wiki/Nightly_Pop) in 2018. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Parker has appeared as a panelist on Dating #NoFilter . [7] (#cite_note-7) On May 14, 2021, she released a self-titled clothing line for Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) , the first plus-size brand by a Black designer released exclusively by the retailer. [8] (#cite_note-be-8) [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She was inspired to develop a line in 2019 due to her own frustration with the lack of fashionable options for plus-size women. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Parker previously designed her own gowns for Live from the Red Carpet (/wiki/Live_from_the_Red_Carpet) event pre-shows such as the 2020 Academy Awards (/wiki/2020_Academy_Awards) . [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) In collaboration with Reunited Clothing, Parker designed every item in the Nina Parker Collection. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [10] (#cite_note-10) New items debuted monthly in 2021 after the initial release. [11] (#cite_note-wwd-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson, Angelique (2021-05-12). "E!'s Nina Parker Turns Fashion Frustration Into a Deal With Macy's" (https://variety.com/2021/scene/people-news/e-nightly-pop-host-nina-parker-macys-clothing-line-1234970835/) . Variety . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-essence_2-0) Ruff, Rivea (2022-04-25). "Nina Parker On Creating Space In Fashion And Media For Black Women To Feel Seen" (https://www.essence.com/celebrity/nina-parker-fashion-line-nightly-pop/) . Essence . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "E! News correspondent Nina Parker's inspiring career journey shows it's never too late to pursue your dreams" (https://thegrio.com/2019/02/15/e-news-host-nina-parkers-inspiring-career-journey-shows-its-never-too-late-to-pursue-your-dreams/) . TheGrio . 2019-02-15 . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vanderberg, Marcus (2020-08-15). "Producer Nina Parker Reflects on Her Time at TMZ" (https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/producer-nina-parker-reflects-on-her-time-at-tmz/) . Adweek . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b Spivey, Kemberlie. "E!'s 'Nightly Pop' Host Nina Parker Talks Golden Globes, Fashion And Hollywood Diversity" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2021/02/25/e-news-nightly-pop-host-nina-parker-talks-golden-globes-fashion-and-hollywood-diversity/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b T. H. R. Staff (2015-03-30). "Nina Parker Tapped to Host 'Love & Hip Hop: New York' Reunion" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/nina-parker-tapped-host-love-785275/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Czachor, Emily (2019-01-08). "Meet the Hilarious Comedians From Dating #NoFilter" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1000382/meet-the-hilarious-comedians-from-dating-nofilter) . E! Online . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-be_8-0) "Nina Parker Makes History With Macy's First Black-Owned Plus-Size Clothing Line" (https://www.blackenterprise.com/nina-parker-makes-history-with-macys-first-black-owned-plus-size-clothing-line/) . Black Enterprise . 2021-04-19 . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Morgan M. "Nina Parker's Shopping Struggles Inspired Her New Macy's Line: 'I Tapped into My Frustration' (https://people.com/style/nina-parker-launches-new-plus-size-line-with-macys/) " (https://people.com/style/nina-parker-launches-new-plus-size-line-with-macys/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Yee, Lawrence (2021-05-13). "How E!'s Nina Parker Went From Fashion Commentator to Fashion Disrupter (Video)" (https://www.thewrap.com/nina-parker-fashion-commentator-disrupter-macys-collection-video/) . The Wrap . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwd_11-0) Ilchi, Layla (2021-05-12). "Nina Parker Talks Creating Her First Plus-Size Collection for Macy's" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nina-parker-plus-size-fashion-collection-macys-1234822457/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . External links [ edit ] Official Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/theninaparker) Nina Parker (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4006887/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐zhbzc Cached time: 20240712132538 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.417 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2097/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23514/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1113/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44042/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.204/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6536209/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 399.933 1 -total 35.44% 141.717 1 Template:Reflist 34.32% 137.238 1 Template:Infobox_person 30.68% 122.685 11 Template:Cite_web 19.38% 77.505 1 Template:Short_description 12.11% 48.425 17 Template:Main_other 9.32% 37.258 2 Template:Pagetype 7.30% 29.186 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.75% 26.997 1 Template:SDcat 4.60% 18.390 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70831668-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712132538 and revision id 1196398274. 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Fashion house founded by Maria "Nina" Ricci Nina Ricci Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1932 Founder Maria "Nina" Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(designer)) Headquarters Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Area served Worldwide Products Perfumes (/wiki/Perfumes) , clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) , eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , watches (/wiki/Watches) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Puig (/wiki/Puig_(company)) Website www (http://www.ninaricci.com) .ninaricci (http://www.ninaricci.com) .com (http://www.ninaricci.com) A Nina Ricci perfume Nina Ricci is a fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_design) founded by Maria "Nina" Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(designer)) and her son Robert in Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 1932, and owned by the Spanish beauty and fashion group Puig (/wiki/Puig_(company)) since 1998. [1] (#cite_note-1) History and Operations [ edit ] The haute couture house was founded in 1932. [2] (#cite_note-2) Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(designer)) designed gowns while her son Robert Ricci managed the business (/wiki/Business_manager) and finances (/wiki/Finance) . She worked with the fabrics directly on the mannequin to ensure they had shape once they were finished. Nina Ricci designs soon became known for the refined, romantic, always feminine (/wiki/Femininity) feeling Maria adds to all of her collections. In 1941, Robert Ricci created an in-house perfume division. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In 1945, with the war over, designers were casting about for a way to revive the infatuation (/wiki/Infatuation) women had formerly had with haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , while raising money for war relief. Robert Ricci had an idea which Lucien Lelong (/wiki/Lucien_Lelong) , President of the Chambre, put into action. Over 150 mannequins from 40 Paris couturiers, including Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) and Madame Gres (/wiki/Madame_Gres) , were dressed in the labels' best fashions and were placed in an exhibition held at the Louvre (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre) , in Paris titled Théâtre de la Mode (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Mode) . After a huge success in Paris it toured Europe and then the US. In 1946, Robert created his first fragrance, Coeur Joie. In 1948, Robert came up with another fragrance, L’Air du Temps, the brand's most popular fragrance, which continues to be a top seller today. Several flight attendant (/wiki/Flight_attendant) uniforms were designed by the Nina Ricci brand. Nina Ricci is also a pioneer of licensing their designs before the rise of ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) . As early as 1960, they started licensing their patterns to upscale boutiques such as Chez Ninon in New York City and Betty Clemo (/wiki/Betty_Clemo) in Hong Kong for 'line-to-line' reproduction. Robert chose the new head designer in 1954, the Belgian Jules-François Crahay (/wiki/Jules-Fran%C3%A7ois_Crahay) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The designs of Crahay were highly praised. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In the early 1960s, a couturier from Melbourne Australia, Elvie Hill (/wiki/Elvie_Hill) , secured a contract to reproduce Nina Ricci for the local Australian market. [5] (#cite_note-5) This proved to be a short-lived partnership as Australian women struggled to fit into the petite and very fitted designs from the Paris fashion house. [6] (#cite_note-6) Crahay left Ricci in 1963 to go to Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) , and was immediately replaced by Gerard Pipart, who had worked at Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) and Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) prior to his new job. He continued to carry on the name of Ricci with beautiful and elegant dresses. After Maria Ricci's death in 1970, [7] (#cite_note-7) Crahay was appointed head of the house. Robert continued to excel in perfumery and business until his death in 1988. [8] (#cite_note-8) Nathalie Gervais had been the chief designer for the house for several years. She presented her last collection in Fall 2001. [9] (#cite_note-9) In May 2002 American designer James Aguiar took over as chief designer and designed for the House of Ricci for two seasons. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2003, Lars Nilsson (/wiki/Lars_Nilsson_(designer)) took over the house of Ricci with rave reviews from critics. [11] (#cite_note-11) While his role would also involve providing creative input on the beauty side of the business, his primary task was the injection of a dose of excitement, youth and energy into the somewhat dormant fashion and accessories lines. He made a sudden redesign in early 2006, and then in September announced that Brussels-born designer Olivier Theyskens (/wiki/Olivier_Theyskens) of Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) would take over the role as head of the label. In 2009, Theyskens was replaced by designer Peter Copping, who had worked for Louis Vuitton. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2015, after Peter Copping left the house, Guillaume Henry took the place of Creative director. During a 2013 fashion show, Ricci designs were targeted by bare-breasted Femen (/wiki/Femen) protesters, who grabbed model Hollie-May Saker (/wiki/Hollie-May_Saker) . [14] (#cite_note-Breast_Behavior_at_Nina_Ricci-14) In August 2018, menswear designers Rushemy Botter and Lisi Herrebrugh took over as Creative Directors. [15] (#cite_note-15) The duo left the brand in January 2022. [16] (#cite_note-16) In September 2022, London-based designer Harris Reed, best known for his gender-fluid designs, was appointed Creative Director. [17] (#cite_note-17) Reed has committed to producing a majority of styles up to at least a size 14, with select pieces going to size 18. [18] (#cite_note-18) This is a significantly larger size range than is standard for a luxury fashion brand, and has been praised as meaningful change on size inclusivity in fashion. [19] (#cite_note-19) Perfumes [ edit ] Nina Ricci's most famous perfume, L'Air du Temps (/wiki/L%27Air_du_Temps_(perfume)) , created in France in 1948, translates roughly from a French expression as "the current trend". It captures the passion, love, and elegance of an emerging generation Maria and Robert Ricci headed. Robert worked with master perfumer Francis Fabron to create a scent with as much elegance as Madame Maria Ricci's clothes. Marc Lalique created the graceful twin-dove crystal bottle. Other classic Nina Ricci perfumes have included "Farouche", "Capricci", "Fleur de Fleurs", and "Eau de Fleurs"; each has had its own unique Lalique crystal pure perfume bottle. Men's fragrances have included "Signoricci", "Signoricci II", and "Phileas". More recent perfumes have included two different fragrances, both with the name "Nina", and a series of three perfumes under the name "Les Belles de Ricci". Additional fragrances have been added to the line, including "Ricci Ricci", "Love in Paris", "Premier Jour", "Les Delices", "Nina L'Elixir", "Nina L'Eau", and "Nina." References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Puig is a third-generation family-owned fashion and fragrance business based in Barcelona" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140209050244/http://puig.com/#/en_GB/brands-products.prestige-brands:brands-products.nina-ricci-beauty/3) . Archived from the original (http://www.puig.com/#/en_GB/brands-products.prestige-brands:brands-products.nina-ricci-beauty/3) on 2014-02-09 . Retrieved 2011-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "History of the brand Nina Ricci | Nina Ricci" (http://www.ninariccimaison.com/en/nina-ricci-history) . www.ninariccimaison.com . Retrieved 2017-08-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b English, Vogue. "Nina Ricci" (http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-list/thevoguelist/nina-ricci-/1134) . Vogue English . Retrieved 2017-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Biography of Jules-François Crahay for Nina Ricci" (https://www.celebritydressmaker.com/post/jules-fran%C3%A7ois-crahay-for-nina-ricci) . celebritydressmaker.com . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Iconic Australian couturier Elvie Hill on fashion past and present - Vogue Australia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160224190648/http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/iconic+australian+couturier+elvie+hill+on+fashion+past+and+present,38429) . www.vogue.com.au . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/iconic+australian+couturier+elvie+hill+on+fashion+past+and+present,38429) on 2016-02-24. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Who, what and wear: Collector's 'living museum' brings fashions back to life" (http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/who-what-and-wear-collectors-living-museum-brings-fashions-back-to-life-20151117-gkzule.html) . 17 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nina Ricci Collections - Nina Ricci Runway Show Archive" (http://www.elle.com/nina-ricci-runway/) . ELLE . Retrieved 2017-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kapferer, Jean-Noël (1994). Strategic Brand Management: New Approaches to Creating and Evaluating Brand Equity . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780029170458 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Nina Ricci - How She Came to be A Top Designer" (https://m.julie-photo.com/yingyuwenzhang/health/fashion-style/2008-05-05/36298.html) . julie-photo.com . Retrieved 5 May 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Nina Ricci" (https://www.fashionwindows.net/2001/03/nina-ricci/) . FashionWindows Network . Retrieved 2020-06-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wilson, Eric (2010-03-31). "The Lives of the Fashion Designer Lars Nilsson" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/01/fashion/01Nilsson.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2017-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Everything You Need to Know About Peter Copping, the New Designer of Oscar de la Renta" (https://www.thecut.com/2014/10/everything-you-need-to-know-about-peter-copping.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "This Just In: Peter Copping at Nina Ricci" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a5492/peter-copping-nina-ricci/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 2009-04-23 . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-Breast_Behavior_at_Nina_Ricci_14-0) Diderich, Joelle (11 November 2013). "Breast Behavior at Nina Ricci" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-blogs/breast_behavior_at_nina_ricci-13-11?src=nl/mornReport/20131112) . WWD . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Nina Ricci Just Hired Two Award-Winning Menswear Designers as Its New Creative Directors" (https://www.vogue.com/article/nina-ricci-new-designers-rushemy-botter-lisi-herrebrugh) . 29 August 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Diderich, Joelle (2022-01-31). "EXCLUSIVE: Rushemy Botter and Lisi Herrebrugh to Exit Nina Ricci" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/nina-ricci-exit-lisi-herrebrugh-rushemy-botter-1235056935/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-09-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Nina Ricci Taps Gender-Fluid Designer Harris Reed" (https://www.vogue.com/article/nina-ricci-taps-gender-fluid-designer-harris-reed) . Vogue . 2022-09-21 . Retrieved 2022-09-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Diderich, Joelle (2023-03-03). "Nina Ricci RTW Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/fall-2023/paris/nina-ricci/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Cohn, Allison (2023-03-03). "Harris Reed Wants Nina Ricci to be "for Everyone" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a43181690/harris-reed-debut-nina-ricci-fall-2023/) " (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a43181690/harris-reed-debut-nina-ricci-fall-2023/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . External links [ edit ] "Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1486_couture/explore.php) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . 29 July 2015. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000122060221) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/168852286) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007082664) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20211123476&CON_LNG=ENG) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7df7778fc8‐sfkdc Cached time: 20240712022514 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.456 seconds Real time usage: 0.886 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2044/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44930/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1668/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 77968/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.312/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6221239/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 503.415 1 -total 39.06% 196.628 1 Template:Reflist 29.72% 149.609 15 Template:Cite_web 21.80% 109.738 1 Template:Infobox_company 21.38% 107.649 1 Template:Authority_control 19.37% 97.526 1 Template:Infobox 14.48% 72.876 1 Template:Short_description 8.14% 40.989 2 Template:Pagetype 4.24% 21.345 4 Template:Cite_news 3.80% 19.145 8 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13735327-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712022514 and revision id 1234004698. 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Find sources: "Leatrice Eiseman" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Leatrice+Eiseman%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Leatrice Eiseman is an American color specialist, who assists companies in their color choice in a range of areas, including packaging, logos, and interior design. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is the executive director of the Pantone Color Institute, a division of Pantone, Inc. (/wiki/Pantone) , [2] (#cite_note-2) and the author of six books on color, one of which won an award from the Independent Publisher's Association. Background [ edit ] Eiseman holds a degree in psychology from Antioch University (/wiki/Antioch_University) , and a counseling certificate from UCLA (/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles) . She has studied and taught in the fields of fashion and interior design. She is an allied member of the Industrial Designers Society of America (/wiki/Industrial_Designers_Society_of_America) and the Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) , and has received a prestigious service award from the Color Marketing Group (/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She also selects the 10 top fashion colors twice yearly for Pantone and Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Publications [ edit ] Colors for Your Every Mood (1998) Pantone Guide to Communicating with Color (2000) The Color Answer Book (2003) More Alive With Color (2006) Color: Messages and Meanings (2006) Pantone: The 20th Century in Color (2011) Pantone on Fashion: A Century of Color in Design (2014) The Complete Color Harmony: Pantone Edition (2017) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sharma, Atish (20 December 2023). "Understanding Color and its Conundrum With Pantone Director Leatrice Eiseman" (https://www.homecrux.com/interview-leatrice-eiseman/189546/) . Homecrux . Retrieved 6 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) A Pantone Executive on Changing the Country's Tone (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/garden/qa-leatrice-eiseman-of-the-pantone-color-institute.html) , New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-3) About Leatrice (http://www.colorexpert.com/about.html) , Colour Expert. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Leatrice Eiseman (http://morealivewithcolor.com/AboutLee.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120514065822/http://morealivewithcolor.com/AboutLee.html) 2012-05-14 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , More Alive With Color. 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Traditional Sotho hat and national symbol of Lesotho Lesotho license plate, featuring a mokorotlo A mokorotlo is a type of straw hat (/wiki/Straw_hat) widely used for traditional Sotho (/wiki/Sotho_people) clothing, and is the national symbol of Lesotho (/wiki/Lesotho) and the national symbol of the Basotho and Lesotho peoples. An image of the Mokorotlo appears on the Lesotho flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Lesotho) , and on Lesotho vehicle license plates. The design is believed to have been inspired by the conical mountain Mount Qiloane (/wiki/Mount_Qiloane) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) It is known as “molianyeoe”, which means "he who executes judgement in court" in Sesotho (/wiki/Sesotho) . [3] (#cite_note-Guma2001-3) It is manufactured from an indigenous grass known as “mosea” or “leholi”. [4] (#cite_note-Bishop1984-4) History [ edit ] The origins of the mokorotlo are unclear. A similarly shaped hat, called a toedang, [5] (#cite_note-5) was commonly worn by the Cape Malays (/wiki/Cape_Malays) , who are descendants of slaves from the East Indies (/wiki/East_Indies) . It is believed that the Sotho may have adopted the mokorotlo through exposure to these hats. [6] (#cite_note-6) [ better source needed ] The mokorotlo was likely adopted in the early 20th century, when chiefs began to wear the hat and began singing a song also known as the ‘Mokorotlo’ to garner support at village “Pitso”, which is a gathering. [7] (#cite_note-7) In its original form, it was exclusively worn by males to gatherings. However, in the 1950s, new designs were developed to cater to women. [4] (#cite_note-Bishop1984-4) Symbolism [ edit ] The Sotho display the mokorotlo in their homes, indicating that they uphold the customs and acknowledge their bonds with their Balimo (/wiki/Badimo) . It also serves to protect the home against danger and other evil influences. The hat is an important part of Sotho cultural attire that is worn to reflect national identity and pride. [3] (#cite_note-Guma2001-3) Alternative uses [ edit ] Other warfare rituals, songs and poems go by the generic name of mokorotlo. It is also noted that mokorotlo refers to the traditional male dance performed by male initiates and elders. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mzolo, Shoks (4 September 2015). "Thaba Bosiu: Where the mountain is king" (http://mg.co.za/article/2015-09-04-thaba-bosiu-where-the-mountain-is-king) . Mail & Guardian (/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151001131747/http://mg.co.za/article/2015-09-04-thaba-bosiu-where-the-mountain-is-king) from the original on 1 October 2015 . Retrieved 25 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Martens, Daniela (3 September 2009). "Botschaften in Berlin laden Bürger ein" (http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/stadtleben/mit-hut-und-reisepass-botschaften-in-berlin-laden-buerger-ein/1549232.html) [Embassies in German welcome visitors] (in German). Tagesspiegel (/wiki/Tagesspiegel) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130403115537/http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/stadtleben/mit-hut-und-reisepass-botschaften-in-berlin-laden-buerger-ein/1549232.html) from the original on 3 April 2013 . Retrieved 25 April 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Guma, Mthobeli (2001). "The Cultural Meaning of Names among Basotho of Southern Africa: A Historical and Linguistic Analysis" (http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol10num3/guma.pdf) (PDF) . Nordic Journal of African Studies . 10 (3). ^ Jump up to: a b Bishop, S.D. (April 1984). "Hats of the Southern Sotho". Culna (26): 8–9. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1016-2275 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1016-2275) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Cape Malay" (https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/cape-malay) . South African History Online . 19 February 2020 . Retrieved 2020-07-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Nakin, Moroesi R; Kock, Inie J (2016). "Insights into translation and the original text: Thomas Mofolo's Chaka" (https://doi.org/10.17159%2Ftvl.v.53i2.9) . Tydskrif vir Letterkunde . 53 (2): 117–127. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.17159/tvl.v.53i2.9 (https://doi.org/10.17159%2Ftvl.v.53i2.9) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rosenberg, Scott (December 1999). "The Evolution of a Symbol: Mokorotlo and National Identity in Lesotho" (https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rosas/article/view/22996) . Review of Southern African Studies . 3 (2). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4314/rosas.v3i2.22996 (https://doi.org/10.4314%2Frosas.v3i2.22996) . Retrieved 20 August 2020 . This Lesotho (/wiki/Lesotho) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mokorotlo&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐cx9lr Cached time: 20240722000116 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.207 seconds Real time usage: 0.285 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 730/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18584/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1153/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31554/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.140/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4517034/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 256.325 1 -total 41.49% 106.338 1 Template:Reflist 29.65% 76.013 3 Template:Cite_web 22.91% 58.726 1 Template:Short_description 22.07% 56.579 1 Template:Lesotho-stub 21.54% 55.220 1 Template:Asbox 13.79% 35.355 2 Template:Pagetype 11.99% 30.736 1 Template:Better_source 10.12% 25.943 1 Template:Fix 7.05% 18.078 1 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50317578-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722000116 and revision id 1226430133. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mokorotlo&oldid=1226430133 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mokorotlo&oldid=1226430133) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hats (/wiki/Category:Hats) National symbols of Lesotho (/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Lesotho) Sotho culture (/wiki/Category:Sotho_culture) South African fashion (/wiki/Category:South_African_fashion) Lesotho stubs (/wiki/Category:Lesotho_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 German-language sources (de) (/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles lacking reliable references from July 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2020) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
American model and Yoruba princess Oloori (/wiki/Oloori) Keisha Omilana of Ipetu-Ijesha (/wiki/Ipetu-Ijesha) Born Keisha Bolden ( 1986-03-08 ) March 8, 1986 (age 38) Inglewood, California (/wiki/Inglewood,_California) , U.S. Occupations Model Media Executive Entrepreneur Spouse Omoba (/wiki/Omoba) Adekunle Adebayo Omilana Children 2 Modeling information Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Oloori (/wiki/Oloori) Keisha Omilana of Ipetu-Ijesha ( born (/wiki/Birth_name) Keisha Bolden ; March 8, 1986), commonly known as Princess Keisha Omilana , is an American model and entrepreneur. She is the owner of SAXS Magazine. She was the first African-American to be featured in three consecutive commercials for Pantene (/wiki/Pantene) , and later became the face of an international advertisement campaign for the company. Omilana has also modeled in campaigns for the French luxury brand L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , the British clothing brand Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) , and the American CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) , Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) , and Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) . As the wife of Omoba (/wiki/Omoba) Adekunle Adebayo Omilana of Ipetu-Ijesha (/wiki/Ipetu-Ijesha) , she is an Oloori (or princess consort) of the Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_people) House of Arigbabuowo in Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) . She and her family were the focus of an episode of the second season of the British reality television series Stacey Dooley Sleeps Over (/wiki/Stacey_Dooley_Sleeps_Over) in 2021. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Omilana was born and raised in Inglewood, California (/wiki/Inglewood,_California) . [2] (#cite_note-2) She studied fashion at a school in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) . [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) Career [ edit ] Omilana moved to New York City to work as a model. She worked with L'Oreal (/wiki/L%27Oreal) , Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) , Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) , Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) , CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) , and Pantene (/wiki/Pantene) . [4] (#cite_note-4) She was cast in three consecutive commercials for Pantene, becoming the first African-American woman to do so. [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) Omilana was also featured in an international advertisement campaign for the company. [5] (#cite_note-5) She has walked in New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2010, she and Sarah Bradford (/wiki/Sarah_Bradford) were dressed by Maggie Norris (/wiki/Maggie_Norris) as part of her co-presentation exhibition An Evening of New York Couture , in collaboration with Verdura (/wiki/Verdura) and Aman & Carson Interiors. After moving to London, she continued to model and was featured, along with her daughter, in an editorial for Mocha Magazine . [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) In 2017, Omilana launched A Crown of Curls, a hair care business geared towards families with mixed-race children. [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) She also co-launched a body oil business, De La Ke, with her mother and sister, Debbie Bolden and Missy Bolden. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2021, Omilana and her family were featured in the second season of Stacey Dooley (/wiki/Stacey_Dooley) 's reality television series Stacey Dooley Sleeps Over (/wiki/Stacey_Dooley_Sleeps_Over) , as the focus of the second episode of the season. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2023, she founded SAXS Magazine , an online publication (/wiki/Online_publication) that focuses on royalty, fashion and entertainment. [11] (#cite_note-Mikhaila_Friel-11) Personal life [ edit ] In 2004, while living in New York City, she met Omoba (/wiki/Omoba) Adekunle Adebayo Omilana, a member of the Arigbabuowo ruling house (/wiki/Nigerian_chieftaincy) of Yorubas (/wiki/Yoruba_people) in Nigeria, outside of The W (/wiki/W_New_York_Union_Square) . [12] (#cite_note-yahoo-12) They married on January 28, 2006. [13] (#cite_note-nigeriaabroad-13) She wasn't aware that her husband was a prince until after they were engaged. [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) They have two children, Omoba Adediran King Omilana and Omoba Adediora Isabella Nicole Omilana, and have lived in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) , Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , and London (/wiki/London) . [13] (#cite_note-nigeriaabroad-13) [3] (#cite_note-insider-3) They currently reside in Valencia, Spain (/wiki/Valencia,_Spain) . [11] (#cite_note-Mikhaila_Friel-11) Prior to, and after, the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) , media outlets listed Omilana, along with Princess Ariana Austin Makonnen (/wiki/Ariana_Austin_Makonnen) of Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) , Princess Angela of Liechtenstein (/wiki/Princess_Angela_of_Liechtenstein) , Princess Sarah Culberson (/wiki/Sarah_Culberson) of Bumpe (/wiki/Bumpe-Gao_Chiefdom) , Princess Sikhanyiso Dlamini of eSwatini (/wiki/Sikhanyiso_Dlamini) , Monica von Neumann (/wiki/Monica_von_Neumann) , Cécile de Massy (/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_de_Massy) , and Emma Thynn, Marchioness of Bath (/wiki/Emma_Thynn,_Marchioness_of_Bath) as other examples of black royal and noble women. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2023, Omilana served on a panel with Princess Sarah Culberson to talk about diversity and inclusion, racial representation, African royalty, and the role of monarchy in the modern day. [17] (#cite_note-17) She also talked about the Duchess of Sussex stepping down (/wiki/Megxit) from royal duties. [18] (#cite_note-18) She compared her own situation to that of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) . [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Darkmoon (2021). "Stacey Dooley Sleeps Over Series Two Episode Two" (https://youtube.com/watch?v=NEPVPKwJPv4&feature=shared) – via YouTube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wang, Kimberly. "10 stylish royals who aren't Kate Middleton" (https://www.businessinsider.com/10-stylish-royals-who-arent-kate-middleton-2017-8) . Business Insider . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Friel, Mikhaila (May 10, 2020). "Princess Keisha of Nigeria says she didn't know her now-husband was a prince until 2 years into their relationship, when his mom called her 'my princess' (https://www.insider.com/princess-keisha-of-nigeria-husband-pantene-crown-of-curls-5) " (https://www.insider.com/princess-keisha-of-nigeria-husband-pantene-crown-of-curls-5) . Insider . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "10 Young Royals Who Are in the Business of Fashion" (https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/mavericks/royals-in-fashion-a1868-20181013-lfrm?ref=feed_1) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Princess Keisha Omilana - #The Working Princess On Never Giving Up on Your Dreams | Diversity Business Magazine" (https://diversitybusinesspromotes.uk/princess-keisha-omilana-the-working-princess-on-never-giving-up-on-your-dreams/) . October 3, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "All the Royals Who Have Walked the Runway at Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.com/article/royals-at-fashion-week) . Vogue Arabia . September 12, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "princess-keisha-omilana-of-nigeria-walks-the-runway-at-the-news-photo-1592242374" (https://harpersbazaar.my/fashion/14-most-stylish-royals/attachment/princess-keisha-omilana-of-nigeria-walks-the-runway-at-the-news-photo-1592242374/) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Our Story" (https://www.fruitofthespiritbodyoils.com/our-story) . Fruit of the Spirit Body Oils . ^ (#cite_ref-9) omar, sue (May 3, 2021). " (https://melanmag.com/2021/05/03/as-a-model-i-think-its-great-that-my-daughter-is-also-a-child-model/) "As a model, I think it's great that my daughter is also a child model" (https://melanmag.com/2021/05/03/as-a-model-i-think-its-great-that-my-daughter-is-also-a-child-model/) " (https://melanmag.com/2021/05/03/as-a-model-i-think-its-great-that-my-daughter-is-also-a-child-model/) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Roberts, Sophie; Johnston, Ian (May 11, 2021). "Mum defends letting daughter, 5, take on 8-hour modelling shifts" (https://www.bedfordshirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/stacey-dooley-meets-mum-who-5400782) . bedfordshirelive . ^ Jump up to: a b Mikhaila Friel. "Nigerian Princess Keisha said she's tired of having to prove that she's a "working princess" (https://www.insider.com/nigerian-princess-keisha-said-shes-tired-of-proving-she-works-2023-11) " (https://www.insider.com/nigerian-princess-keisha-said-shes-tired-of-proving-she-works-2023-11) . insider.com . Retrieved November 24, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-yahoo_12-0) "Princess Keisha of Nigeria said people are often surprised by how 'non-royal' her life is: 'I love Target' (https://news.yahoo.com/princess-keisha-nigeria-said-people-122303459.html) " (https://news.yahoo.com/princess-keisha-nigeria-said-people-122303459.html) . Yahoo News . March 1, 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b Omilana, Keisha. "I'm an American model who married a Nigerian prince. Like Meghan Markle, we experienced discrimination when we moved to UK" (https://nigeriabroad.com/i-m-an-american-model-who-married-a-nigerian-prince--like-meghan-markle--we-experienced-discrimination-when-we-moved-to-uk) . NigeriaAbroad.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Black Princess Diaries: Meet Keisha Omilana" (http://www.essence.com/celebrity/princess-keisha-omilana-nigeria-5-questions-royal-wedding/) . Essence . October 28, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Wade, Valerie (29 November 2017). "Does Meghan Markle Need to Be the Black Princess You Want Her to Be?" (https://www.allure.com/story/meghan-markle-engagement-black-royalty) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Is the royal wedding a cause for feminist celebration or condemnation? Yes" (https://www.vox.com/2018/5/15/17335946/meghan-markle-royal-wedding-2018-prince-harry-windsor-race-gender) . 15 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Friel, Mikhaila. "Princess Keisha of Nigeria said people are often surprised by how 'non-royal' her life is: 'I love Target' (https://www.insider.com/princess-keisha-nigeria-said-her-life-is-ordinary-loves-target-2023-3) " (https://www.insider.com/princess-keisha-nigeria-said-her-life-is-ordinary-loves-target-2023-3) . Insider . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Princess Keisha of Nigeria said stepping down from royal duties isn't the same as 'turning a blind eye or giving up' and compared her experience to Meghan Markle" (https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/lifestyle-buzz/princess-keisha-of-nigeria-said-stepping-down-from-royal-duties-isn-t-the-same-as-turning-a-blind-eye-or-giving-up-and-compared-her-experience-to-meghan-markle/ar-AA19dBqe) . MSN . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Princess Keisha of Nigeria said stepping down from royal duties is not the same as "turn a blind eye or give up," comparing her experience to Meghan Markle - US Today News" (https://ustoday.news/princess-keisha-of-nigeria-said-stepping-down-from-royal-duties-is-not-the-same-as-turn-a-blind-eye-or-give-up-comparing-her-experience-to-meghan-markle/) . March 29, 2023. 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Not to be confused with Victoria Atkin (/wiki/Victoria_Atkin) or Victoria Atkins (/wiki/Victoria_Atkins) . British former fashion model (born 1965) Victoria Aitken Born Catherine Victoria Lockwood ( 1965-04-20 ) 20 April 1965 (age 59) Windsor (/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire) , Windsor and Maidenhead (/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead) , England Nationality British Other names Victoria Spencer Occupation Model Spouses Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (/wiki/Charles_Spencer,_9th_Earl_Spencer) ​ ​ ( m. 1989; div. 1997) ​ Jonathan Aitken ​ ​ ( m. 2005; div. 2009) ​ Children 5, including Lady Kitty Spencer (/wiki/Lady_Kitty_Spencer) and Louis, Viscount Althorp (/wiki/Louis_Spencer,_Viscount_Althorp) Catherine Victoria Aitken ( née Lockwood ; born 20 April 1965), formerly Victoria, Countess Spencer , is a British former fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) and former wife of Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (/wiki/Charles_Spencer,_9th_Earl_Spencer) , the younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . Marriages and family [ edit ] Catherine Victoria Lockwood was born in Windsor (/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire) , Windsor and Maidenhead (/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead) , [1] (#cite_note-1) She is daughter of John Lockwood, an airline executive, [2] (#cite_note-2) and Jean Lockwood, née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Holt. She is the sister of Christopher Lockwood, a journalist (/wiki/Journalist) and later Deputy Head of the Number 10 Policy Unit (/wiki/Number_10_Policy_Unit) from May 2013 to May 2015. [3] (#cite_note-3) On 16 September 1989, she married Charles Spencer, then Viscount Althorp, at the Church of St Mary, Great Brington (/wiki/Great_Brington) . Her wedding dress of champagne French antique lace with Russian sable (/wiki/Sable) trim was designed by Tomasz Starzewski (/wiki/Tomasz_Starzewski) , [4] (#cite_note-4) and she wore the Spencer Tiara. [5] (#cite_note-5) Althorp's nephews Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) and Alexander Fellowes were the pageboys at their wedding and his nieces Eleanor Fellowes and Emily McCorquodale were bridesmaids. [6] (#cite_note-Indy-6) During her first marriage, she was known as Viscountess Althorp, and later as Countess Spencer. They have four children: Lady Kitty Eleanor Spencer (/wiki/Lady_Kitty_Spencer) (born 28 December 1990); married Michael Lewis (/wiki/Michael_Lewis_(businessman)) in 2021. [7] (#cite_note-7) They have one daughter, Athena. Lady Elizabeth “Eliza” Victoria Spencer (born 10 July 1992) Lady Katya Amelia Spencer (born 10 July 1992); married Greg Mallett, nephew of former South African national rugby coach Nick Mallett (/wiki/Nick_Mallett) , in 2023. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Louis Frederick John Spencer, Viscount Althorp (/wiki/Louis_Spencer,_Viscount_Althorp) (born 14 March 1994); heir apparent (/wiki/Heir_apparent) to the earldom. She suffered from eating disorders and drug and alcohol abuse during her first marriage. It was alleged that the earl had an extra-marital affair with a journalist early in the marriage. [10] (#cite_note-northamptonchron-10) The couple moved with their four children to South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) in 1995 to avoid the media. [11] (#cite_note-why-11) After their divorce on 3 December 1997, Lord Spencer moved back to the United Kingdom, and subsequently remarried. [6] (#cite_note-Indy-6) In 2005, Victoria, Countess Spencer married South African businessman Jonathan Aitken; they divorced in 2009. [6] (#cite_note-Indy-6) They have a son, Samuel Aitken (born 18 April 2003), who is currently in a relationship with South African stage actress, Noa Duckitt. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Victoria Aitken" (https://www.geni.com/people/Victoria-Aitken/6000000003243703001) . geni_family_tree . 25 November 1965 . Retrieved 29 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) John Pearson, Blood Royal: The Story of the Spencers and the Royals (A&C Black, 2011), 320 pages, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781448207770 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781448207770) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Christopher Lockwood" (http://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/christopher-lockwood/) . University of Cambridge (/wiki/University_of_Cambridge) . Retrieved 12 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Trucco, Terry (10 December 1989). Written at London. "Style Makers; Tomasz Starzewski, Fashion Designer" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/10/style/style-makers-tomasz-starzewski-fashion-designer.html) . The New York Times . New York City. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121112045702/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/10/style/style-makers-tomasz-starzewski-fashion-designer.html) from the original on 12 November 2012 . Retrieved 18 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cope, Rebecca (26 July 2021). "The Spencer Brides: From Lady Diana to Victoria Lockwood, this dynasty has always led the way in bridal fashion" (https://www.tatler.com/gallery/spencer-family-brides) . Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) . Retrieved 18 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Emily Hourican (3 July 2011). "Poor little rich girls" (https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/poor-little-rich-girls-26748202.html) . independent.ie . Retrieved 23 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Tregaskes, Chandler (25 July 2021). "Dolce & Gabbana on creating Lady Kitty Spencer's stunning wedding dress" (https://www.tatler.com/article/lady-kitty-spencer-wedding-dress-designer-dolce-and-gabbana) . Tatler . Retrieved 25 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Henni, Janine (16 March 2023). "All About Princess Diana's Niece Lady Amelia Spencer Ahead of Her Wedding" (https://people.com/royals/lady-amelia-spencer-all-about-princess-diana-niece/) . People . Retrieved 31 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Wade, Prudence (28 March 2023). "Diana's niece Lady Amelia Spencer marries in opulent Versace gown" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/versace-western-cape-wales-south-african-kitty-b2309462.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 31 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-northamptonchron_10-0) Oliver Jelley. " (https://web.archive.org/web/20180622192625/https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/victoria-i-was-hurt-scared-and-devastated-by-earl-s-affair-1-924114) 'I was hurt, scared and devastated' by Earl's affair" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180622192625/https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/victoria-i-was-hurt-scared-and-devastated-by-earl-s-affair-1-924114) . Archived from the original (https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/victoria-i-was-hurt-scared-and-devastated-by-earl-s-affair-1-924114) on 22 June 2018 . Retrieved 11 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-why_11-0) "Why are they famous?: Countess Victoria Spencer" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/why-are-they-famous-countess-victoria-spencer-1178963.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . 18 October 1998. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220817/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/why-are-they-famous-countess-victoria-spencer-1178963.html) from the original on 17 August 2022 . Retrieved 21 May 2011 . 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Philip_Smouha&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Philip+Smouha&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Philip+Smouha) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Philip_Smouha) for suggestions. ( May 2017 ) Philip Smouha (born May 3, 1952) was the owner of Smouha Fabrics Group. [1] (#cite_note-1) He was married to fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Lisa Ho (/wiki/Lisa_Ho) and has worked in the fashion industry for over 40 years. Born in Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , his main business was Smouha Fabrics, a fabric (/wiki/Fabric) importer (/wiki/Importer) and family business (/wiki/Family_business) . In his capacity there he worked with designers Lisa Ho (/wiki/Lisa_Ho) , Sass and Bide (/wiki/Sass_and_Bide) , Alice McCall (/wiki/Alice_McCall) , Supre (/wiki/Supre) , and others. He also owned Hills Textiles and brewery Lucky Drink Company. Due to the financial crisis (/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008) , the three businesses went into voluntary administration (/wiki/Administration_(law)) in March 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) He has handled the crisis by selling off a number of his properties, both business and personal, to pay creditors. His Bellevue Hill (/wiki/Bellevue_Hill,_New_South_Wales) home was sold for 17 million AUD (/wiki/Australian_dollar) in 2009. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Crisis close to Lisa Ho" (http://www.smh.com.au/news/lifeandstyle/fashion/crisis-close-to-lisa-ho/2009/03/10/1236447256624.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Lis Ho's husband Philip Smouha puts companies in administration" (http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/lis-hos-husband-philip-smouha-puts-companies-in-administration/story-e6frfmqi-1225690285934) . The Daily Telegraph . 21 March 2009 . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lisa Ho's Bellevue Hill and Point Piper homes for sale" (http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/lisa-hos-homes-for-sale/story-e6frfmqr-1111117883360) . The Daily Telegraph . 29 October 2008 . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "John Alexander looking for Southern Highlands acreage" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/john-alexander-looking-for-southern-highlands-acreage/story-e6frezt9-1225711549748) . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . This Australian business biography is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Smouha&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐sqgrn Cached time: 20240719100409 Cache expiry: 1086952 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.237 seconds Real time usage: 0.298 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 461/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16782/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1327/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21023/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.173/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3789917/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 280.040 1 -total 38.75% 108.515 1 Template:Reflist 32.24% 90.296 3 Template:Cite_news 25.29% 70.821 1 Template:Orphan 24.53% 68.702 1 Template:Draft_other 24.43% 68.406 1 Template:Australia-business-bio-stub 24.02% 67.269 1 Template:Ambox 23.29% 65.212 1 Template:Asbox 10.47% 29.332 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 3.93% 11.003 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31126637-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719100409 and revision id 1235450801. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Smouha&oldid=1235450801 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Smouha&oldid=1235450801) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Australian_businesspeople) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1952 births (/wiki/Category:1952_births) Australian business biography stubs (/wiki/Category:Australian_business_biography_stubs) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from July 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2019) Orphaned articles from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_May_2017) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Fashion event Manila Fashion Festival Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Frequency Biannually Location(s) Manila (/wiki/Manila) (primarily at Edsa Shangri-La Manila (/w/index.php?title=Edsa_Shangri-La_Manila&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Inaugurated 2014 Organized by GO Lifestyle Group (/w/index.php?title=GO_Lifestyle_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) (previously organized by Art Personas (/w/index.php?title=Art_Personas&action=edit&redlink=1) Inc) Manila Fashion Festival (MFF) is a major fashion event held bi-annually in Manila (/wiki/Manila) , Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) showcasing both local and international designers each season. [1] (#cite_note-manilafashionfestival.com-1) Following the festival's principal sponsorship with Panasonic (/wiki/Panasonic) starting with the Fall/Winter 2018 show last April 2018, the event was renamed to Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival (PMFF). [2] (#cite_note-2) History and Organization [ edit ] Manila Fashion Festival was founded by Art Personas, Inc. in 2014, in partnership with One Globe Ltd. The event aims to showcase world-class artistic production and strengthen brand presence through creative execution. Manila Fashion Festival is now succeeded by GO Lifestyle Group with a new innovative formula. Early seasons [ edit ] The first Manila Fashion Festival show was held in November 11–14, 2014 at the Green Sun Hotel which featured designs from the brand ARIN and collections from its first roster of designers: Renan Pacson, Sassa Jimenez, Mark Bumgarner, Pablo Cabahug, Cheetah Rivera, Anthony Ramirez, Jaz Cerezo, Vania Romoff, Yevgeniya Alexandrovna Yushkova, Veejay Floresca, and Chris Diaz. The show was voted as Best Fashion Show of 2014 by the online fashion magazine Stylebible.ph. [3] (#cite_note-3) Shortly after its first season, the Fall/Winter 2015 collections were showcased from March 19 to 22, 2015 and featured more fashion designers including Jerome Salaya Ang, Happy Andrada, Odelon Simpao, Rhett Eala, Banggo Niu and Ziggy Savella. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Spring/Summer 2016 collections were showcased from October 23 to 25, 2015 and featured Randy Ortiz, and Project Runway Philippines Season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_(season_4)) winner, Joy Chicano. The Fall/Winter 2016 collections were showcased on a 4-day run from April 11 to 14, 2016 held on a new venue at Marquee Tent, Edsa Shangri-La Manila and featured collections from 25 fashion designers including newcomer Brit Tripudio. It also featured several brand collections from Lauquen, Coca-Cola Dress Coke, Seven Fridays, and ARIN. Manila Fashion Festival also hosted graduation shows from iAcademy and SoFA Design Institute fashion schools. [5] (#cite_note-5) MFF Now, Next and Beyond [ edit ] The Manila Fashion Festival Now collections ran from October 18 to 21, 2016 with a collaboration with the Embassy of Netherlands, featured over 60 designers and 10 brands  and observed resetting of fashion timeline and the "See Now, Buy Now" concept. [6] (#cite_note-6) Manila Fashion Festival Next ran from March 21 to 24, 2017 [7] (#cite_note-7) and Manila Fashion Festival Beyond featuring 50 designers and design collaboration with AirAsia (/wiki/AirAsia) ran from October 17 to 20, 2017. [8] (#cite_note-8) Panasonic sponsorship [ edit ] Starting the eighth season which ran from April 10 to 13, 2018, the show was officially renamed to Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival with Panasonic as the naming sponsor of the event. The eighth season also featured designers from Cebu and Davao regions with their Fall/Winter 2018 collections. [9] (#cite_note-9) The ninth season which ran from October 16 to 19, 2018 featured over 40 local designers and a handful of designers from Southeast Asia. [10] (#cite_note-10) PMFFX and Fifth Anniversary Season [ edit ] In April 2–5, 2019, Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival held its tenth season with the theme “Fashion Formation Decoded” with Zilingo as its co- presenter (https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/03/30/weekly/the-lookbook/panasonic-manila-fashion-festival-back-for-10th-season/532881/) . In October 15–18, 2019, Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival celebrated its fifth anniversary with the theme “Celebrate Fashion, Celebrate Life”. Held in EDSA Shangri-la, the fifth anniversary season was sponsored by San Mig Light which also presented a show along with Philippine Textile Research Institute with designs by designer Yong Davalos. Panasonic Beauty Lifestyle Talks [ edit ] As Panasonic Philippines being its naming sponsor, Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival also hosts Panasonic Beauty Lifestyle Talks, a series of talks with topics related to beauty and fashion. It also features products from the brand of Panasonic Beauty in relation to the topics of the talks. The series of talks are held in the afternoon, prior to the main evening fashion shows. Capsule Collection [ edit ] Manila Fashion Festival launched its first capsule collection last May 27, 2015 which featured collaboration of fashion designer M Barretto and menswear clothing line brand OutKast Paradigm. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-manilafashionfestival.com_1-0) "Home - Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival" (https://manilafashionfestival.com/) . Manilafashionfestival.com . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Panasonic Collaborates with Manila Fashion Festival '18" (https://www.panasonic.com/ph/corporate/news/articles/panasonic-collaborates-with-manila-fashion-festival-18.html) . Panasonic Collaborates with Manila Fashion Festival ‘18 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Best of 2014 | Stylebible.ph" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150703144918/http://www.stylebible.ph/best-of-2014/fashion-show/) . Archived from the original (http://www.stylebible.ph/best-of-2014/fashion-show/) on 2015-07-03 . Retrieved 2015-07-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The second Manila Fashion Festival for Fall/Winter 2015" (http://manilastandardtoday.com/2015/03/19/the-second-manila-fashion-festival-for-fall-winter-2015/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The life cycle of a fashion show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161018211351/http://cnnphilippines.com/life/style/fashion/2016/04/12/manila-fashion-festival.html) . cnn . Archived from the original (http://cnnphilippines.com/life/style/fashion/2016/04/12/manila-fashion-festival.html) on 2016-10-18 . Retrieved 2016-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "BusinessWorld | MFF works with Dutch embassy on fashion show" (http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Arts&Leisure&title=mff-works-with-dutch-embassy-on-fashion-show&id=134619) . Bworldonline.com . Retrieved 2016-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Next in Manila Fashion Festival Kicks Off this March" (https://www.expatphilippines.ph/2017/03/21/the-next-in-manila-fashion-festival-kicks-off-this-march/) . Expatphilippines.ph . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sun's out and summer's in at the Manila Fashion Festival" (http://peopleasia.ph/?p=8259) . Peopleasia.com . 23 March 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival Season 8" (https://www.panasonic.com/ph/corporate/news/articles/panasonic-manila-fashion-festival-season-8.html) . Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival Season 8 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Panasonic Manila Fashion Festival Season 9 - Panasonic Philippines" (https://www.panasonic.com/ph/corporate/news/articles/panasonic-manila-fashion-festival-season-9.html) . Panasonic.com . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "OUTKAST PARADIGM X M BARRETTO – MANILA FASHION FESTIVAL (CAPSULE COLLECTION) - Manila Fashion Festival" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150918161647/http://manilafashionfestival.com/outkast-paradigm-x-m-barretto-manila-fashion-festival-capsule-collection/) . Archived from the original (http://manilafashionfestival.com/outkast-paradigm-x-m-barretto-manila-fashion-festival-capsule-collection/) on 2015-09-18 . Retrieved 2015-07-02 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manila Fashion Festival (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manila_Fashion_Festival) . 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Herta Groves Herta "Georgette" Groves (April 1920 – 27 April 2016) was an Austrian-born British milliner who made hats for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . Early life [ edit ] Groves grew up in Vienna, the daughter of Jewish parents, Wilhelm and Amelia. Her father died of pneumonia which he caught after being forced at gunpoint to shovel snow from the streets of Vienna, and her mother and younger sister Alice died in a Latvian concentration camp in 1942. [1] (#cite_note-telegraph1-1) Life in Britain [ edit ] Groves emigrated to Britain and founded the London Hat Company, creating hats based on her own couture designs. [1] (#cite_note-telegraph1-1) The firm was successful and made hats for Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . [1] (#cite_note-telegraph1-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Groves was married twice, and lived in St John's Wood (/wiki/St_John%27s_Wood) . [ citation needed ] Groves died on 27 April 2016, aged 96, after being knocked down by a lorry driver following a concert at London's Wigmore Hall (/wiki/Wigmore_Hall) . [1] (#cite_note-telegraph1-1) See also [ edit ] Arnold Fulton (/wiki/Arnold_Fulton) Cornelia James (glovemaker) (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(glovemaker)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Camilla Turner (19 January 2016). "Queen's hatmaker who fled Nazis is killed in Wigmore Hall lorry crash" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/05/queens-hatmaker-who-fled-nazis-is-killed-in-wigmore-hall-lorry-c/) . Telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 6 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Matt Watts; Barney Davis (27 April 2016). "Wigmore Hall crash victim was refugee, 96, who saved Jewish women from Hitler | London | News | London Evening Standard" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/refugee-96-who-saved-jewish-women-from-hitler-named-as-lorry-crash-victim-a3240566.html) . Standard.co.uk . Retrieved 6 May 2016 . This article about an artist from the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herta_Groves&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐wq4lh Cached time: 20240714092025 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.218 seconds Real time usage: 0.294 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 591/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10668/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 955/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13296/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.138/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3687536/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 255.592 1 -total 36.46% 93.190 1 Template:Reflist 30.64% 78.312 2 Template:Cite_web 24.17% 61.780 1 Template:UK-artist-stub 23.46% 59.974 1 Template:Asbox 15.01% 38.371 1 Template:Citation_needed 14.10% 36.049 1 Template:Fix 11.51% 29.427 1 Template:Authority_control 10.31% 26.343 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 9.57% 24.462 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50443888-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714092025 and revision id 1226608756. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herta_Groves&oldid=1226608756 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herta_Groves&oldid=1226608756) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920 births (/wiki/Category:1920_births) 2016 deaths (/wiki/Category:2016_deaths) Businesspeople from Vienna (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Vienna) People from St John's Wood (/wiki/Category:People_from_St_John%27s_Wood) Austrian emigrants to the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Austrian_emigrants_to_the_United_Kingdom) British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) Pedestrian road incident deaths (/wiki/Category:Pedestrian_road_incident_deaths) Road incident deaths in London (/wiki/Category:Road_incident_deaths_in_London) British women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_women_fashion_designers) Austrian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Austrian_fashion_designers) Austrian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Austrian_women_fashion_designers) British artist stubs (/wiki/Category:British_artist_stubs) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from July 2016 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2016) Use British English from July 2016 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_July_2016) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2020) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Indian jewelry company Gerald Online Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2003 Defunct 2014 ( 2014 ) Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) (operational) Key people Gerald Ratner (/wiki/Gerald_Ratner) ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Website Geraldonline.com (http://www.geraldonline.com/) Gerald Online was an online jewellery retail store run in collaboration with Gerald Ratner (/wiki/Gerald_Ratner) and a Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) -based jewellery export company, SB&T International Ltd. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Ratner partnered with an Indian jewellery manufacturer to import (/wiki/Import) their jewellery into the UK. History [ edit ] In 1984, founder Gerald Ratner inherited his family business, Ratners (/wiki/Ratners) . About 10 years later, Ratners was one of the biggest jewellers in the world. [3] (#cite_note-3) However, due to several ill-advised jokes from Ratner during his 1991 speech to the Institute of Directors at the Royal Albert Hall, Ratners went into bankruptcy. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2003, after re-establishing Ratners under the new name of Signet Jewelers, Gerald Ratner founded online business Gerald Online [5] (#cite_note-5) in collaboration with SB&T, a Mumbai-based jewellery Export Company. [6] (#cite_note-6) Gerald Online ceased trading in approximately 2014. [ citation needed ] Operation [ edit ] Gerald Online presented itself as selling jewellery directly from its factory, claiming that this resulted in lower prices. Gerald Ratner and SB&T entered the Indian market under the name Gerald Online India. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "SB&T-Ratner JV has designs on UK jewellery market" (http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-07-08/news/27558380_1_jewellery-sb-t-international-online-retailing) . The Times Of India . Jul 8, 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "SB&T Sets Up JV With UK's Gerald Ratner" (http://www.financialexpress.com/news/sb-t-sets-up-jv-with-uk-s-gerald-ratner/83172) . 18 Apr 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hattenstone, Simon (7 March 2009). "Ratner Effect" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/mar/07/gerald-ratner-interview) . The Guardian . London. ^ (#cite_ref-4) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1573380/Doing-a-Ratner-and-other-famous-gaffes.html) 'Doing a Ratner' and other famous gaffes" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1573380/Doing-a-Ratner-and-other-famous-gaffes.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . London. 22 December 2007 . Retrieved 14 April 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Watch out Ratners back" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/watch-out-ratners-back-6308207.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "A diamond geezer - again" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/apr/09/retail.theobserver2) . The Guardian . London. 9 April 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Gerald Ratner All set to enter India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130517204344/http://www.etailingindia.com/gerald-online-all-set-enter-indian-marketetailingindia) . Archived from the original (http://www.etailingindia.com/gerald-online-all-set-enter-indian-marketetailingindia) on 2013-05-17. External links [ edit ] Fashion Jewellery (https://lordoflondon.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐ddjmv Cached time: 20240715042447 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.256 seconds Real time usage: 0.360 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1551/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19022/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1630/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26640/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6012794/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 342.818 1 -total 35.69% 122.353 1 Template:Infobox_company 32.53% 111.530 1 Template:Reflist 29.73% 101.919 1 Template:Infobox 28.07% 96.233 7 Template:Cite_news 18.90% 64.776 1 Template:Short_description 11.67% 40.009 1 Template:Citation_needed 11.04% 37.849 2 Template:Pagetype 9.95% 34.111 1 Template:Fix 8.04% 27.574 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36488692-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715042447 and revision id 1209477671. 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Italian fashion house (founded 1968) Etro Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retailing) Founded 1968 Founder Gimmo Etro Headquarters Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Area served Worldwide Key people Kean Etro Jacopo Etro Veronica Etro Ippolito Etro Products Clothing, footwear, handbags, jewellery, perfumes, textiles and home furnishings Revenue US$372 million (2018) [1] (#cite_note-1) Website www (http://www.etro.com) .etro (http://www.etro.com) .com (http://www.etro.com) Etro is a family-managed Italian luxury fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_design) founded in 1968. It is mainly known for its paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) patterns, which the company started making in 1981. History [ edit ] Etro was founded in 1968 by Gerolamo "Gimmo" Etro [2] (#cite_note-2) as a textile design company. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) By the time the company was born, Gimmo and his wife, Roberta, an antiques dealer, had amassed a collection of 300 antique shawls, still one of the largest private collections in existence today. [5] (#cite_note-5) The main stylistic driver for Etro over its first decades was the paisley pattern, and variations on this theme. [6] (#cite_note-Fincher-6) The company's headquarters is located in Milan (/wiki/Milan) on Via Spartaco, and was refurbished in 1977. [7] (#cite_note-7) The headquarters includes textile art (/wiki/Textile_arts) archived in their in-house library. [8] (#cite_note-8) Future textiles head Jacopo Etro later commented on this period, [9] (#cite_note-9) stating that he had started to visit the archive (/wiki/Archive) when he was a child, spending many hours copying the fabric designs and experimenting with his own creative (/wiki/Creativity) style. [10] (#cite_note-10) After a trip to India (/wiki/India) made by Etro executives, the furnishing textiles line made its debut in 1981. [11] (#cite_note-11) The "swirling" paisley design (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) found on this trip is now "synonymous" with the label according to Elle Magazine (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The company began producing leather goods (/wiki/Leather_goods) in 1984, crafted from Paisley Jacquard (/wiki/Jacquard_weaving) fabrics. [13] (#cite_note-13) Etro then began its home (/wiki/Home) collection in 1985. [14] (#cite_note-14) The Fragrances (/wiki/Perfume) collection was launched in 1989, [15] (#cite_note-15) making its debut in the Milanese Fragrances flagship boutique (/wiki/Boutique) , located on Via Verri. More recent additions of the line include Rajasthan [16] (#cite_note-16) and Jacquard. [17] (#cite_note-17) Etro's first fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) was held in 1996. [18] (#cite_note-18) The company began sales by direct-mail through inserts in The New York Times starting in 1999, [19] (#cite_note-19) and it began selling its clothing online in addition to in retail stores in 2013. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2014, a monograph on the company's history entitled Etro was published by Rizzoli (/wiki/Rizzoli_Libri) publishing house. [21] (#cite_note-21) By 2018, Etro reported $372 million in annual revenue. [22] (#cite_note-22) By 2021, the company operated 140 flagships in 58 countries with boutiques in cities such as Milan, London, Paris, New York, Beijing and Tokyo. [23] (#cite_note-23) That year, it also took control of its South Korean business by opening a subsidiary in Seoul. [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2021, L Catterton (/wiki/L_Catterton) agreed to buy a 60% stake in Etro, in a deal valuing the company at about 500 million euros ($590 million). [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2022, Etro appointed designer Marco De Vincenzo as its new creative director for women’s, men’s and home collections, [28] (#cite_note-28) making him the brand’s first head designer from outside the Etro family. [29] (#cite_note-29) Management [ edit ] Family [ edit ] Kean Etro Etro is identified primarily with Gimmo (born Gerolamo), the founder, however the company is managed by his four children: [30] (#cite_note-30) Kean Etro was the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of the Etro Man collections, sometimes inspired by his travels and antique book collection. [31] (#cite_note-31) He joined the family business in 1986 as a digital intern. In 1990 he designed his first menswear collection, and in 1996 he produced a fashion show focused on the concept of "New Tradition". [32] (#cite_note-32) Veronica Etro was the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of the Etro Woman collections. [33] (#cite_note-33) She unveiled her first womenswear collection in 2000. [34] (#cite_note-34) Jacopo Etro worked for the family business (/wiki/Family_business) from 1982, eventually becoming the Creative Director of the Etro Accessories, Leather, Home and Textile collections, as well as Head of Communication (/wiki/Communication) . In 2010, he was also invited to sit on the board of the Camera Nazionale Della Moda Italiana as the delegate for the Italian textile industry. [35] (#cite_note-35) Ippolito Etro joined the company in 1991, overseeing the Administration Department before his promotion to General Director. [36] (#cite_note-36) He was quoted by The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) stating: "My father always told us that we could do what we wanted in life. But he said, 'If you work here, you have to start from scratch'". [37] (#cite_note-37) CEOs [ edit ] Fabrizio Cardinali: 2021–present [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) Collections [ edit ] Menswear [ edit ] The menswear collection has been presented through conceptual catwalk shows, including the 2003 Autumn/Winter collection that had guests ride on a 1937 steam train through urban Milan (/wiki/Milan) , with the models walking through the cabins. [40] (#cite_note-40) Other pieces have included "cooked" shirts, where the pieces are dyed with berries or other food-stuffs in order to produce their intended designs. [41] (#cite_note-41) Womenswear [ edit ] The womenswear line was launched in 1991. [42] (#cite_note-Purvin-42) For the 2016 Spring/Summer womenswear collection presented in Milan, Angelo Flaccavento wrote that it "show[ed] off the savoir-faire of her ateliers", using a ballerina (/wiki/Ballet_dancer) -lingerie theme. He wrote further of the lighter direction the collection moved in from previous seasons that "Everything had a charming, undone quality that looked appealing and felt new". [43] (#cite_note-43) The New York Times called the collection an "ode to turn-of-the-century femininity", also mentioning the strong influence of dance throughout the show. [44] (#cite_note-44) From 2017 on, Veronica and Kean started showing their collections together. [45] (#cite_note-45) Etro Home [ edit ] Starting in 1985, Etro added home textiles, pillows and plaids to its portfolio. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) These were followed by ceramics, gifts and wallpaper. [48] (#cite_note-48) Everything is produced in-house except for furniture. In 2014, Etro opened its first Etro Home store in Milan during the Salone del Mobile (/wiki/Milan_Furniture_Fair) . [49] (#cite_note-49) In 2017, the company entered into an agreement with Jumbo Group in Cantù for the production and distribution of furniture. [50] (#cite_note-50) In 2020, Etro revealed the brand will start developing fabrics for the outdoors, to be employed in gardens or boats. [51] (#cite_note-51) Fragrances [ edit ] Etro also has a line of fragrances (/wiki/Fragrance) , some using the theme of "ancient perfumery". [52] (#cite_note-52) In 2024, the company and Coty (/wiki/Coty) signed an agreement for the production and distribution of Etro fragrance lines and home scent collections beyond 2040. [53] (#cite_note-53) Other projects [ edit ] Other collections include toiletries, leathergoods, travel accessories, eyewear, [6] (#cite_note-Fincher-6) footwear, [42] (#cite_note-Purvin-42) and jewelry. [54] (#cite_note-54) In 2023, the brand signed a multiyear licensing agreement with Italian manufacturing company Simonetta to launch Etro Kids, a childrenswear line. [55] (#cite_note-55) Controversy [ edit ] In a 2018 lawsuit filed in New York State Supreme Court (/wiki/New_York_State_Supreme_Court) , former Etro employee Kim Weiner alleged the company had been discriminating against employees on the basis of race, gender and age, arguing she herself was fired after taking a stand against the company’s biased practices. [56] (#cite_note-56) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Alexandra Marshall (February 23, 2018), How An Italian Family Turned Paisley Prints And Haute-Hippe Garb Into a 50-Year-Old Fashion Legacy (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/etro-family-50-year-anniversary-italy) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Creative director at Etro takes inspiration from native textiles" (http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1672701/creative-director-etro-takes-inspiration-native-textiles) . South China Morning Post . 1 January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mary Lisa Gavenas (2008). The Fairchild Encyclopedia of Menswear . Fairchild Books. p. 137. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Björn Stüwe (2009). Produktklassiker: Quintessenzen der Konsumkultur (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 139. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Alexandra Marshall (August 15, 2017), The Colorful World of Etro (https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-colorful-world-of-etro-1502805602) WSJ. (/wiki/WSJ.) . ^ Jump up to: a b Peggy Fincher Winters and Carole Paul (2002). Brandstand: Strategies for Retail Brand Building . Visual Reference Publications. p. 57. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Christina Binkley (26 January 2012). "The Healthy Sibling Rivalry in a Design House" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203806504577182810890370468) . WSJ . ^ (#cite_ref-8) The Independent. "Fashion: Raison D'Etro" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/fashion-raison-detro-1293158.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Etro is the latest Italian fashion house to hit the block" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140827065352/http://www.thedeal.com/content/private-equity/etro-is-the-latest-italian-fashion-house-to-hit-the-block.php) . thedeal.com . Archived from the original (http://www.thedeal.com/content/private-equity/etro-is-the-latest-italian-fashion-house-to-hit-the-block.php) on 2014-08-27. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Marie Claire Italia. "Etro: i tessuti, l'arredamento, le borse, i profumi e la moda" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102837/http://www.marieclaire.it/Moda/Speciale-Marie-Claire-Accessori-storia-delle-case-di-moda/Etro-i-tessuti-l-arredamento-le-borse-i-profumi-e-la-moda) (in Italian). Marie Claire Italia. Archived from the original (http://www.marieclaire.it/Moda/Speciale-Marie-Claire-Accessori-storia-delle-case-di-moda/Etro-i-tessuti-l-arredamento-le-borse-i-profumi-e-la-moda) on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Vogue. "Voguepedia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331212113/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Etro) . Vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Etro) on 31 March 2014 . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Etro Collections - Etro Runway Show Archive - ELLE" (http://www.elle.com/etro-runway/) . ELLE . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Le Souk" (http://www.lesouk.co/articles/material-inspiration/italys-etro-paisley-print-fabric-inspiration-from-the-silk-road) . lesouk.co . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Etro Home Collection SS15" (https://www.amara.com/luxpad/etro-home-collection-ss15/) . LuxPad . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Alexandra Marshall (August 15, 2017), The Colorful World of Etro (https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-colorful-world-of-etro-1502805602) WSJ. (/wiki/WSJ.) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Vogue India. "Italians make a perfume of Rajasthan" (http://www.vogue.in/content/etros-new-parfum-rajasthan) . Vogue India . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) InStyle. "Spring Fragrances" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140329185421/http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/springtrends/photos/0,,20790762_20791281_30109695,00.html) . InStyle . Archived from the original (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/springtrends/photos/0,,20790762_20791281_30109695,00.html) on 29 March 2014 . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Allison Cawley. "Italian Fashion from Etro" (http://www.peachfullychic.com/style-beauty/italian-fashion-from-etro/) . Peachfully Chic . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Winters and Paul, 63. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Harpers Bazaar. "Etro launches e-commerce on revamped website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064740/http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/latest-news/etro-launches-ecommerce) . Harpers Bazaar. Archived from the original (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/latest-news/etro-launches-ecommerce) on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 3 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Hannah Martin. "Preview Etro, a new monograph from Rizzoli" (http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/etro-book-article) . Architectural Digest . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Alexandra Marshall (February 23, 2018), How An Italian Family Turned Paisley Prints And Haute-Hippe Garb Into a 50-Year-Old Fashion Legacy (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/etro-family-50-year-anniversary-italy) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Luisa Zargani (July 18, 2021), L Catterton Takes Control of Etro (https://wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/l-catterton-takes-control-etro-1234884130/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Martino Carrera (January 27, 2021), Etro Opens South Korean Subsidiary (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/etro-launches-south-korean-subsidiary-1234714614/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Elisa Anzolin and Claudia Cristoferi (April 19, 2021), Italy's Etro is considering interest from L Catterton -source (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-etro-m-a-l-catterton-idUSKBN2C61LX) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Silvia Aloisi (July 18, 2021), LVMH-backed fund to buy 60% of Italian fashion label Etro -sources (https://www.reuters.com/business/lvmh-backed-fund-buy-60-italian-fashion-label-etro-sources-2021-07-18/) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Luisa Zargani (July 18, 2021), L Catterton Takes Control of Etro (https://wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/l-catterton-takes-control-etro-1234884130/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Hannah Militano (25 February 2022), Etro Names New Creative Director, Designer Marco De Vincenzo (https://graziamagazine.com/us/articles/etro-marco-de-vincenzo-creative-director/) Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Laura Rysman (11 June 2022), What Would Happen if Fashion Actually Slowed Down? (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/11/style/marco-de-vincenzo-etro.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Etro" (http://nymag.com/thecut/fashion/designers/etro/) . The Cut . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "In each neighbourhood there lies a special shop" (https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/18/style/in-each-neighborhood-there-lies-a-special-shop-etro-s-madison-avenue-elegance.html?scp=5&sq=) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Armand Limnander. "Profile in Style: Kean Etro" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D7123DF93BA25752C1A9619C8B63) . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "A conversation with Veronica Etro" (http://www.vogue.it/people-are-talking-about/focus-on/2013/09/veronica-etro) . Vogue Italia . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) The Daily Telegraph. "Little Black Book: Veronica Etro" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8376933/Little-black-book-Veronica-Etro.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 3 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Antonio Nieto. "The Collector" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083118/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/style/article196070.ece) . The Sunday Times . Archived from the original (http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/style/article196070.ece) on April 7, 2014 . Retrieved 3 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Robin Mellery-Pratt. "Ippolito Etro to Exit Family Business to Pursue 'New Horizons' (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2014/03/shake-ippolito-etro-exit-family-business-pursue-new-horizons.htm) " (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2014/03/shake-ippolito-etro-exit-family-business-pursue-new-horizons.htm) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Succession Problems Make Them Targets for Acquisition : Can Italy Houses Stay Alive?" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/11/news/11iht-rfamily.t.html?pagewanted=2) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Luisa Zargani (9 September 2021), EXCLUSIVE: Etro Appoints Fabrizio Cardinali CEO (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/etro-appoints-fabrizio-cardinali-ceo-1234912437/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Claudia Cristoferi (9 September 2021), Italian fashion group Etro picks new CEO after L Catterton takeover (https://www.reuters.com/article/etro-ceo-idINL8N2QB1MP) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Treni, banche e fabbriche per le sfilate della moda maschile" (http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2003/gennaio/12/Treni_banche_fabbriche_per_sfilate_co_0_030112187.shtml) . Corriere della Sera . Retrieved 2 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Michael Slenske (June 2008). "Kean Eye" (https://books.google.com/books?id=68YDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94) . Best Life. p. 94. ^ Jump up to: a b Francesca Sterlacci Purvin and Joanne Arbuckle (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry . Scarecrow Press. p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Etro's Pale Damsels" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/fashion-show-review/etros-pale-damsels) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Laura Rysman (September 25, 2015). "At Etro, Beauty Fit For Ballet" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/25/t-magazine/etro-backstage-beauty-milan-fashion-week.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Alexandra Marshall (August 15, 2017), The Colorful World of Etro (https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-colorful-world-of-etro-1502805602) WSJ. (/wiki/WSJ.) . ^ (#cite_ref-46) John Graham (2005). Where to Wear London . Where to Wear International Ltd. p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-47) Luisa Zargani (October 14, 2020), Etro Further Developing Its Home Line (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/etro-further-developing-its-home-line-1234633689/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Luisa Zargani (October 14, 2020), Etro Further Developing Its Home Line (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/etro-further-developing-its-home-line-1234633689/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "The Business: Jacopo Etro" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140415125403/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/design/30674/the-business-jacopo-etro.html) . Telegraph.co.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/design/30674/the-business-jacopo-etro.html) on 2014-04-15. ^ (#cite_ref-50) Luisa Zargani (October 14, 2020), Etro Further Developing Its Home Line (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/etro-further-developing-its-home-line-1234633689/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-51) Luisa Zargani (October 14, 2020), Etro Further Developing Its Home Line (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/etro-further-developing-its-home-line-1234633689/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Etro launch Marquetry and Io Myself" (http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/3191-etro-launch-marquetry-and-io-myself) . basenotes.net . ^ (#cite_ref-53) Sandra Salibian (20 February 2024), Coty and Etro Ink Long-term Beauty License (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/coty-etro-sign-beauty-license-deal-fragrances-home-scents-1236200875/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Alexa Brazilian (September 25, 2015). "The Daily Jewel: Etro" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/25/t-magazine/etro-necklace-milan-fashion-week.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Sandra Salibian (3 May 2023), Etro to Introduce Kids Line (https://wwd.com/business-news/markets/etro-to-introduce-kids-line-signs-license-agreement-simonetta-1235637588/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Jonah Engel Bromwich and Vanessa Friedman (August 30, 2018), Lawsuit Accuses the Italian Fashion House Etro of Discrimination (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/style/etro-discrimination-lawsuit.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.etro.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐mtm8q Cached time: 20240709025135 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.445 seconds Real time usage: 0.535 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2835/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 60141/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2238/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 132139/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.262/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6483849/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 484.717 1 -total 58.09% 281.560 1 Template:Reflist 31.24% 151.408 19 Template:Cite_web 20.94% 101.489 1 Template:Infobox_company 18.45% 89.447 1 Template:Infobox 14.60% 70.748 1 Template:Short_description 7.58% 36.730 2 Template:Pagetype 6.32% 30.631 1 Template:Dead_link 6.11% 29.602 8 Template:Cite_news 5.44% 26.374 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:15869425-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709025135 and revision id 1229828897. 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Dress once worn by Diana, Princess of Wales Revenge dress Designer Christina Stambolian Year 1994 Type Black off-the-shoulder evening gown Material Silk The " revenge dress " was an evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) worn by Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) to a 1994 dinner at the Serpentine Gallery (/wiki/Serpentine_Galleries) in Kensington Gardens (/wiki/Kensington_Gardens) . The garment has been interpreted as having been worn by Diana "in revenge" for the televised admission of adultery (/wiki/Charles:_The_Private_Man,_the_Public_Role#Admission_of_adultery) by her husband Charles (/wiki/Charles_III) , then Prince of Wales (/wiki/Prince_of_Wales) . Design [ edit ] The dress, an off-the-shoulder (/w/index.php?title=Off-the-shoulder&action=edit&redlink=1) black silk (/wiki/Silk) evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) , was designed by Christina Stambolian. [1] (#cite_note-IT-1) Stambolian compared Diana's choice of black to the black swan Odile in Tchaikovsky (/wiki/Tchaikovsky) 's ballet Swan Lake (/wiki/Swan_Lake) , saying that Diana "chose not to play the scene like Odette, innocent in white. She played it like Odile. She was clearly angry." [2] (#cite_note-Brown2011-2) Diana had owned the dress for three years before she wore it, fearing it was "too daring". [3] (#cite_note-Vogue20-3) The dress cost £900 (equivalent to £2,441 in 2023). [4] (#cite_note-TimesPitman94-4) Diana had planned to wear a dress by Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) before choosing Stambolian's design. Anna Harvey (/wiki/Anna_Harvey) , Diana's former stylist, said that Diana "wanted to look a million dollars ... and she did". [3] (#cite_note-Vogue20-3) History [ edit ] External image Princess Diana wearing the revenge dress, 1994 (https://static.independent.co.uk/2021/11/08/16/newFile-4.jpg) Diana wore the dress to a 29 June 1994 fundraising dinner hosted by Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) magazine for the Serpentine Gallery (/wiki/Serpentine_Galleries) in Kensington Gardens (/wiki/Kensington_Gardens) . [2] (#cite_note-Brown2011-2) Diana had declined the dinner invitation; however, two days prior to the dinner, following several days' publicity of Charles' infidelity revelations, she accepted the invitation. [2] (#cite_note-Brown2011-2) Diana found out about Charles' infidelity in different ways prior to the dinner. An example is in some newspaper headlines they reported "Charles: I Cheated on Diana" and "Di told you so". [5] (#cite_note-5) A television programme about her husband (/wiki/Charles:_The_Private_Man,_the_Public_Role) Prince Charles was broadcast, in which he admitted to having been unfaithful to her after their marriage had "irretrievably broken down". Charles and Diana had separated two years prior to the broadcast of the programme. [6] (#cite_note-WaPo2022-6) [7] (#cite_note-Guard21-7) Diana's biographer Sarah Bradford (/wiki/Sarah_Bradford) wrote that Diana "feigned indifference" in regards to the programme. [8] (#cite_note-Bradford2007-8) Diana was seen wearing the dress after she exited her car and was greeted by Lord Palumbo (/wiki/Peter_Palumbo,_Baron_Palumbo) , the chair of the trustees of the Serpentine Gallery, before entering the gallery. The photographer who captured Diana arriving at the event, Tim Graham, said that her arrival lasted only 30 seconds in total, and that Diana would have known a large number of photographers would be present following her husband's revelations. [4] (#cite_note-TimesPitman94-4) Palumbo later recalled that Diana "bounded out of the car in that wonderfully athletic way that she had". [8] (#cite_note-Bradford2007-8) Diana in 1995 Following the dinner, the dress was described as the "I'll Show You dress", the "Serpentine Cocktail" and the "Vengeance dress", as well as the "Revenge dress". [9] (#cite_note-LynchMedvedev2018-9) In her 2007 book The Diana Chronicles , Tina Brown (/wiki/Tina_Brown) wrote that Diana's dress was known by fashion editors as "her fuck-you dress". [2] (#cite_note-Brown2011-2) The dress was sold at auction in July 1997 for £39,098. The dress was bought by a Scottish couple who planned to use it to raise money for children's charities. [10] (#cite_note-IND97-10) The dress was exhibited in the Museum of Style in Newbridge (/wiki/Newbridge,_County_Kildare) , County Kildare (/wiki/County_Kildare) in their 2017 exhibition Diana: A Fashion Legacy , where it was described as "the most important exhibit". [1] (#cite_note-IT-1) Penny Goldstone wrote in Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) in 2020 that the dress remains one of Diana's "most iconic styles of all time". [11] (#cite_note-MC-11) Aftermath [ edit ] The Serpentine Gallery in 2018 The day following the event, The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) wrote: The Princess of Wales did not have to dine out before the television cameras at the Serpentine Gallery last night in order to avoid seeing her husband sharing his soul with the nation on the box. She could have watched a video, played bridge or simply washed her hair and curled up in bed ... It's amazing what some people will do to avoid press speculation. [12] (#cite_note-Teleg20-12) Elle Pithers, writing for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine, described the dress as the "progenitor of 'revenge dressing ' ". [3] (#cite_note-Vogue20-3) In 2020, writing for The Daily Telegraph Bethan Holt stated that the dress encompassed "the act of reclaiming the narrative", and was the "ultimate modern example of revenge dressing", in an article about women who have found inspiration in Diana Spencer's choice of the dress. [12] (#cite_note-Teleg20-12) Holt wrote, "Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned. But also: fashion hath no greater thrill than when being deployed for the purpose of expressing rage, froideur or an insouciant dose of 'look what you're missing ' ". [12] (#cite_note-Teleg20-12) The dress was analyzed by Caroline McCauley in Fashion, Agency, and Empowerment: Performing Agency, Following Script , [9] (#cite_note-LynchMedvedev2018-9) and it was interpreted as part of Diana's couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) of "revenge" following the breakdown of her marriage to Charles after years of having "snippets of a seductive glamour hidden by a proper royal purity". [9] (#cite_note-LynchMedvedev2018-9) Caroline McCauley wrote that instead of "cowering in shame" following Charles's admission, "Diana arrived in a figure-hugging black silk dress with a pearl choker necklace, black pumps, and scarlet lipstick and nail polish". [9] (#cite_note-LynchMedvedev2018-9) Georgina Howell (/wiki/Georgina_Howell) , in her 1998 book Diana, Her Life in Fashion , wrote that the dress was "possibly the most strategic dress ever worn by a woman in modern times", further describing it as a "devastating wisp of black chiffon" with which Diana "flipped her husband clean off the front pages" following the broadcast of the programme. [9] (#cite_note-LynchMedvedev2018-9) "The Thrilla He Left to Woo Camilla" was the headline of The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) the following day. [2] (#cite_note-Brown2011-2) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Travolta dress (/wiki/Travolta_dress) Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Deirdre McQuillan (8 August 2017). "Princess Diana's famous 'revenge dress' comes to Kildare" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/princess-diana-s-famous-revenge-dress-comes-to-kildare-1.3179708) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Tina Brown (31 May 2011). The Diana Chronicles . Random House. p. 339. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4464-7411-2 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Elle Pithers (27 May 2020). "From Princess Diana to Jennifer Aniston, These Are the Ultimate Revenge Looks" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/gallery/revenge-dressing) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pitman, Joanna (21 January 2006). "Diana steps out in the 'revenge' dress" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/IF0502803517/TTDA?u=wes_ttda&sid=TTDA&xid=09b74874) . The Times . No. 68603 . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bonner, Mehera (11 November 2022). "The True Story of Princess Diana's Iconic Look" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a41922484/princess-diana-revenge-dress-true-story/) . Hearst Magazine Media, Inc . Retrieved 11 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-WaPo2022_6-0) Maloy, Ashley Fetters (10 November 2022). "Princess Diana was the queen of revenge fashion" (https://archive.today/20221110151612/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/11/10/princess-diana-revenge-dress-crown-netflix/) . The Washington Post . Archived from the original (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/11/10/princess-diana-revenge-dress-crown-netflix/) on 10 November 2022 . Retrieved 10 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guard21_7-0) Caroline Davies (16 February 2021). "Adultery, accusations and walkouts: when royals do TV interviews" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/16/adultery-accusations-and-walkouts-when-royals-do-tv-interviews) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sarah Bradford (5 July 2007). Diana . Penguin Books Limited. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-190673-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Annette Lynch; Katalin Medvedev (29 November 2018). Fashion, Agency, and Empowerment: Performing Agency, Following Script . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 262. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-05828-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-IND97_10-0) Alexandra Williams (4 July 1997). "Diana's little black dress is a little too little" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/diana-s-little-black-dress-is-a-little-too-little-1248970.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-MC_11-0) Penny Goldstone (4 November 2020). "The story behind Princess Diana's revenge dress" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/princess-diana-revenge-dress-717584) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Holt, Bethan (29 June 2020). "Why Princess Diana's revenge dress is still relevant, 26 years on" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/princess-dianas-revenge-dress-still-relevant-25-years/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 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Herself (/wiki/Diana_in_Search_of_Herself) (1999) 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess (/wiki/69_Things_to_Do_with_a_Dead_Princess) (2002) If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things (/wiki/If_Nobody_Speaks_of_Remarkable_Things) (2002) Diana: Closely Guarded Secret (/wiki/Diana:_Closely_Guarded_Secret) (2002) The Little White Car (/wiki/The_Little_White_Car) (2004) The Murder of Princess Diana (/wiki/The_Murder_of_Princess_Diana_(book)) (2004) Princess Diana's Revenge (/wiki/Princess_Diana%27s_Revenge) (2006) The Diana Chronicles (/wiki/The_Diana_Chronicles) (2007) The Accident Man (/wiki/The_Accident_Man) (2011) Untold Story (/wiki/Untold_Story_(novel)) (2011) Film and television Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (/wiki/Charles_%26_Diana:_A_Royal_Love_Story) (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (/wiki/The_Royal_Romance_of_Charles_and_Diana) (1982) Spitting Image (/wiki/Spitting_Image) (1984–1996) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (/wiki/Charles_and_Diana:_Unhappily_Ever_After) (1992) Willi und die Windzors (/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors) (1996) Diana: Her True Story (/wiki/Diana:_Her_True_Story_(film)) (1993) Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess (/wiki/Diana:_A_Tribute_to_the_People%27s_Princess) (1998) Diana: The Rose Conspiracy (/wiki/Diana:_The_Rose_Conspiracy) (2005) Whatever Love Means (/wiki/Whatever_Love_Means) (2005) The Queen (2006) Diana: Last Days of a Princess (/wiki/Diana:_Last_Days_of_a_Princess) (2007) The Murder of Princess Diana (/wiki/The_Murder_of_Princess_Diana) (2007) Diana (/wiki/Diana_(2013_film)) (2013) The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) (2020–2023) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(film)) (2021) Documentaries The Queen (/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)) (2009 TV serial) Unlawful Killing (/wiki/Unlawful_Killing_(film)) (2011) Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy (/wiki/Diana,_Our_Mother:_Her_Life_and_Legacy) (2017) The Story of Diana (/wiki/The_Story_of_Diana) (2017) Diana: In Her 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Rock and Republic Rock & Republic Robertson Blvd. (/wiki/Robertson_Blvd.) , West Hollywood store facade Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Clothing Founded 2002 ; 22 years ago ( 2002 ) Defunct April 1, 2010 ( 2010-04-01 ) Fate Bankruptcy Headquarters United States (/wiki/United_States) Area served Worldwide Products Jeans Brands VB Rocks (/wiki/VB_Rocks) Rock & Republic was an American jeans (/wiki/Jeans) brand founded by Michael Ball (/wiki/Michael_Ball_(fashion)) in 2002. Ball is a cyclist who gained design experience by creating his cycling team's uniforms. [1] (#cite_note-rock_and_republic-1) Rock & Republic's line of jeans and casual wear " VB Rocks (/wiki/VB_Rocks) " was designed by singer Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) until 2008. Timelines [ edit ] From 2007 to 2009, the company sponsored a professional cycling team named Rock Racing (/wiki/Rock_Racing) . On April 1, 2010, Rock & Republic filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) By December 2010, the company had entered into negotiations with VF Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) to sell the trademark and intellectual property. On April 28, 2011, VF Corporation announced it had signed a long-term licensing deal with Kohl's Corporation (/wiki/Kohl%27s_Corporation) to carry a budget version of the Rock & Republic brand with jeans priced at $88 versus $200 plus. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2019, VF Corporation spun-off its jeans business, including the Rock & Republic, Lee (/wiki/Lee_(jeans)) , and Wrangler (/wiki/Wrangler_(jeans)) brands, into a new business called Kontoor Brands (/wiki/Kontoor_Brands) . See also [ edit ] VF Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) Lee (jeans) (/wiki/Lee_(jeans)) Wrangler (jeans) (/wiki/Wrangler_(jeans)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-rock_and_republic_1-0) "rock and republic" (http://www.rockandrepublic.com) . rock and republic . Retrieved 2010-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Comlay, Elinor (2010-04-02). "Rock & Republic files Chapter 11 bankruptcy" (https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN0115709620100402) . Reuters . Retrieved 2010-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashion brand Rock & Republic files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection" (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2010/04/fashion-brand-rock-republic-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-protection.html) . Los Angeles Times . 2010-04-01 . Retrieved 2010-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kohl's Lands Exclusive Rock & Republic Lifestyle Brand" (http://www.apparelnews.net/news/manufacturing/042811-Kohls-Lands-Exclusive-Rock-Republic-Lifestyle-Brand?______array) . 2011-04-28 . Retrieved 2011-04-28 . v t e Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) Brands Abbey Dawn (/wiki/Abbey_Dawn) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) American Beauty Apt. 9 Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) Carter's (/wiki/Carter%27s,_Inc.) Chaps (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) Cooking with Calphalon Cuisinart (/wiki/Cuisinart) Daisy Fuentes (/wiki/Daisy_Fuentes) Dana Buchman (/wiki/Dana_Buchman) Dockers (/wiki/Dockers_(brand)) Dyson (/wiki/Dyson_(company)) Elle Contemporary Collection Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) Hang Ten (/wiki/Hang_Ten_(brand)) Jennifer Lopez Collection (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_Collection) Jumping Beans KitchenAid (/wiki/KitchenAid) Marc Anthony Collection (/wiki/Marc_Anthony_Collection) Mudd Jeans (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Rock and Republic (/wiki/Rock_and_Republic) Sonoma Tony Hawk Clothing (/wiki/Tony_Hawk) Urban Pipeline Simply Vera Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) People Herb Kohl (/wiki/Herb_Kohl) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Ugandan fashion model Judith Allen Heard Photo by Bryan Morel Publications 2019 Born Judith Heard ( 1986-03-13 ) 13 March 1986 (age 38) Gulu (/wiki/Gulu) , Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) Citizenship Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) Occupation(s) Model, fashion designer Years active 2002 - present Known for Modelling, Fashion designs, Environmental advocacy, Tourism, community work Modeling information Agency Bryan Morel Publications Judith Allen Heard , commonly known as Judith Heard (born 13 March 1986), [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) is a Ugandan (/wiki/Uganda) environmentalist, fashion model and event host known for launching the 50 Million Trees for Africa climate change (/wiki/Climate_change) campaign. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-auto2-4) [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) She was crowned Miss Africa in Miss Elite Awards 2021 from Egypt, Miss Environment International Africa 2022 in Mumbai, India and Hollywood Green Carpet Fashion Awards’ Global Young Leader for her interplay between ecological action, civil rights, equality and global feminism in 2024. [6] (#cite_note-auto5-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-auto3-8) [9] (#cite_note-auto6-9) Background and education [ edit ] She was born in 1986 in Gulu, Uganda to the Late. John Musana [10] (#cite_note-10) and Olive Night Bitature . [11] (#cite_note-11) Judith studied from Kampala Parents Primary School, Kigali Parents School, [12] (#cite_note-12) Fawe Girls Secondary School and later Ndera Secondary School in Kigali Rwanda. [4] (#cite_note-auto2-4) [13] (#cite_note-auto1-13) Career [ edit ] Judith Heard is a model by profession. Based on accounts by a publicist (/wiki/Publicist) at BMP, Judith moved to Uganda and started working with Sylivia Owori (/w/index.php?title=Sylivia_Owori&action=edit&redlink=1) 's modelling company [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) and became the face of African Woman Magazine in 2002. [4] (#cite_note-auto2-4) She has taken part in different runways such as New York fashion week, [14] (#cite_note-auto4-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Paris Fashion Week, [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Rwanda Collective Fashion Week, [19] (#cite_note-19) [14] (#cite_note-auto4-14) Abryanz Fashion style and Fashion awards. [20] (#cite_note-20) In September 2020, Judith Heard was invited to represent Uganda in Miss Elite Competitions 2020 in Egypt. [8] (#cite_note-auto3-8) [21] (#cite_note-21) Personal life [ edit ] Judith Heard married Richard Heard in 2003 and they divorced in 2014. [22] (#cite_note-22) She is a mother of 3; Brandon Richard Heard, Branda Jolie Heard and Briana Bella Heard. [23] (#cite_note-23) Other considerations [ edit ] In February 2019, Judith launched Day One Global [24] (#cite_note-24) an advocacy organisation that seeks to curb Sexual harassment and rape among women. [25] (#cite_note-25) She has worked with Sanyu babies home in Kampala. [26] (#cite_note-26) [13] (#cite_note-auto1-13) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Nominations and awards [ edit ] Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref. 2015 Abryanz Style And Fashion Awards Most Stylish Female of the Year Judith Heard Won [29] (#cite_note-29) 2016 Reel African Hero Hero of the month Judith Heard Won [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) 2016 Abryanz Style And Fashion Awards Most Stylish Female of the Year Judith Heard Nominated [32] (#cite_note-32) [14] (#cite_note-auto4-14) 2017 Starqt Awards Best Dressed Female Lady Judith Heard Nominated 2017 Abryanz Style And Fashion Awards Most Stylish Female Celebrity of the Year Judith Heard Nominated [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) 2018 Abryanz Style And Fashion Awards Most Stylish Female Celebrity of the Year Judith Heard Nominated [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) 2021 Miss Elite Awards Miss Africa Judith Heard Won 2022 Miss Environment International India Won [37] (#cite_note-37) [6] (#cite_note-auto5-6) [9] (#cite_note-auto6-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "34 Year Old Socialite Judith Heard to Represent Uganda at Miss Elite-Egypt 2020 • The Campus Times" (https://www.campustimesug.com/34-year-old-socialite-judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-egypt-2020/) . The Campus Times . 2020-09-08 . Retrieved 2021-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "I'm pretty and blessed, haters are expected-Judith Heard" (https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/i-m-pretty-and-blessed-haters-are-expected-judith-heard-1569258) . Daily Monitor . Retrieved 2021-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ruva, Roy. "Roger Mugisha, Judith Heard, And Jackie O To Host Abryanz Fashion Awards – Chano8" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220417105423/https://chano8.com/roger-mugisha-judith-heard-jackie-o-host-abryanz-fashion-awards/) . Archived from the original (https://chano8.com/roger-mugisha-judith-heard-jackie-o-host-abryanz-fashion-awards/) on 2022-04-17 . Retrieved 2020-12-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "#WCW: Judith Heard, the down to earth socialite with a big heart for the needy" (https://www.matookerepublic.com/2017/01/04/wcw-judith-heard-the-down-to-earth-socialite-with-a-big-heart-for-the-needy/) . January 4, 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b "Judith Heard blends beauty and charity" (https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/judith-heard-blends-beauty-and-charity--1310756) . The East African . ^ Jump up to: a b "Judith Heard crowned Miss Elite Africa 2021 - 2022" (https://mbu.ug/2021/05/30/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa-2021-2022/) . May 30, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "JUDITH HEARD TO REPRESENT UGANDA AT MISS ELITE 2020. – Miss Elite" (https://misseliteworld.com/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-2020/) . ^ Jump up to: a b Kitimbo, Pearl Elisabeth (September 8, 2020). "Judith Heard to Represent Uganda in Miss Elite-Egypt 2020" (https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-in-miss-elite-egypt-2020/) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Judith Heard crowned Miss Elite Africa" (https://www.kfm.co.ug/entertainment-news/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa.html) . May 30, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Unknown Biography Of Ugandan Model Judith Heard" (https://blizz.co.ug/587/The-Unknown-Biography-Of-Ugandan-Model-Judith-Heard) . blizz.co.ug . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Judith Heard on her role in 'Muganga' local TV series" (https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/187552) . The New Times | Rwanda . April 3, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Judith Heard blends beauty and charity" (https://www.theeastafrican.co.kehttps//www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/judith-heard-blends-beauty-and-charity--1310756) . The East African . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Judith Heard: A Model with passion for the underprivileged" (https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1178192/judith-heard-model-passion-underprivileged) . New Vision . 2008-10-27 . Retrieved 2020-09-25 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Contact Support" (https://satisfashionug.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi) . satisfashionug.com . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Shantel, Denzel. "Photos: Judith Heard shines at New York Fashion Week | Showbizuganda" (https://www.showbizuganda.com/photos-judith-heard-shines-at-new-york-fashion-week/) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Umunyarwanda Judith Heard aragaragara muri New York Fashion Week" (https://genesisbizz.com/umunyarwanda-judith-heard-aragaragara-muri-new-york-fashion-week) . genesisbizz.com . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Stella Atal, Judith Heard represent Uganda at International Fashion event in Paris" (https://www.pmldaily.com/features/entertainment/2018/11/stella-atal-judith-heard-represent-uganda-at-international-fashion-event-in-paris.html) . November 9, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Contact Support" (http://satisfashionug.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi) . satisfashionug.com . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Judith Heard shines at Collective Fashion Week in Rwanda" (https://bigeye.ug/judith-heard-shines-collective-fashion-week-rwanda/) . June 15, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "3 TIME ASFA WINNER JUDITH HEARD SET TO REPRESENT UGANDA AT MISS ELITE IN EGYPT" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210728163046/https://abryanzstyleandfashionawards.com/3-time-asfa-winner-judith-heard-set-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-in-egypt/) . ASFAs . September 15, 2020. Archived from the original (https://abryanzstyleandfashionawards.com/3-time-asfa-winner-judith-heard-set-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-in-egypt/) on July 28, 2021 . Retrieved December 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Judith Heard to represent Uganda in Miss Elite Pageant" (https://www.pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2020/09/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-in-miss-elite-pageant.html) . September 7, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Judith Heard Reveals Why She Broke Up With Husband Richard Heard" (https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-reveals-why-she-broke-up-with-husband-richard-heard/) . ChimpReports . 2019-01-23 . Retrieved 2021-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Mwesigye, Shifa. "Here comes celebrity Nnalongo Judith Heard" (https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard) . The Observer - Uganda . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Judith Heard Launches 'Day One Global' To Fight Rape & Sexual Assault" (https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-launches-day-one-global-to-fight-rape-sexual-assault/) . ChimpReports . February 8, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "I want to stand up for every woman experiencing abuse" (https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-46883037) . January 16, 2019 – via www.bbc.com. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Ssemwanga, Musa (2016-12-29). "Judith Heard gives back to kids" (https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1443008/judith-heard-kids) . New Vision . Retrieved 2020-09-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Judith Heard donates to children in Kigali – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos" (https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201412/four-one-one/judith-heard-donates-to-children-in-kigali.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Mwesigye, Shifa. "Here comes celebrity Nnalongo Judith Heard" (https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard) . The Observer - Uganda . Retrieved 2021-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2015 full list of winners" (https://bigeye.ug/abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards-2015-full-list-of-winners/) . December 13, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Judith Heard named Reel African Hero of the month in South Africa" (https://bigeye.ug/judith-heard-awarded-reel-african-hero-month-south-africa/) . October 24, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Judith Heard Awared [ (https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/14258/judith-heard-wins-big-in-south-africa) sic ] HERO Of The Month" (https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/14258/judith-heard-wins-big-in-south-africa) . www.howwebiz.ug . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards winners" (https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/abryanz-style-fashion-awards-winners.html) . December 12, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 rock Kampala" (https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1467349/abryanz-style-fashion-awards-2017-rock-kampala) . New Vision . 2017-12-11 . Retrieved 2020-09-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 | Nominees List" (https://www.bellanaijastyle.com/abryanz-awards-2017-nominees-list/) . November 21, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Ssejjombwe, Isaac. "Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards nominee list out – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos" (https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201810/four-one-one/abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards-nominee-list-out.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Full List Of Winners At Abryanz Stlye & Fashion Awards 2018" (https://chimpreports.com/full-list-of-winners-at-abryanz-stlye-fashion-awards-2018/) . ChimpReports . December 12, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Kitimbo, Pearl Elisabeth (May 30, 2021). "Judith Heard Crowned Miss Elite Africa 2021/2022" (https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa-2021-2022/) . 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(Redirected from Nicki Minaj Collection (/w/index.php?title=Nicki_Minaj_Collection&redirect=no) ) Trinidadian-born rapper and singer (born 1982) Nicki Minaj Minaj in 2018 Born Onika Tanya Maraj ( 1982-12-08 ) December 8, 1982 (age 41) Port of Spain (/wiki/Port_of_Spain) , Trinidad and Tobago Occupations Rapper singer songwriter actress Years active 2004–present Works Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) songs recorded (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Spouse Kenneth Petty ​ ( m. 2019) ​ Partners Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) (2000–2014) Meek Mill (/wiki/Meek_Mill) (2014–2016) [1] (#cite_note-1) Children 1 Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Musical career Origin New York City, US Genres Hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) [2] (#cite_note-Independent-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) [4] (#cite_note-4) pop rap (/wiki/Pop_rap) [5] (#cite_note-5) Instruments Vocals Labels Young Money (/wiki/Young_Money_Entertainment) Cash Money (/wiki/Cash_Money_Records) Republic (/wiki/Republic_Records) Heavy On It Website nickiminajofficial (http://nickiminajofficial.com) .com (http://nickiminajofficial.com) Musical artist Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ n ɪ k i m ɪ ˈ n ɑː ʒ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) NIK -ee min- AHZH ), is a Trinidadian-born [a] (#cite_note-7) rapper and singer based in the United States. Often referred to as the " Queen of Rap (/wiki/Queen_of_Rap) ", she is known for her musical versatility, animated rap flow (/wiki/Flow_(rapping)) , and alter egos (/wiki/Alter_ego) . She first gained recognition after releasing three mixtapes (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography#Mixtapes) between 2007 and 2009. Minaj's debut album, Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010), topped the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart. Its single " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) " reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart and was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA). Her follow-up album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012), explored dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) , debuted at number one in both the UK and US, and yielded the international top-ten single " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) ". Minaj's collaboration " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " (2014) with Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) and Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) became the first female collaboration to be certified diamond. Her third album, The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014), marked a return to her hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) roots. Its second single, " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) ", peaked at number two on the Hot 100. She achieved her first two US number-one singles in 2020 with the collaborations " Say So (/wiki/Say_So#Remix) " with Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) and " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) " with 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) . In 2022, she earned her first solo number-one on the Hot 100 with " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) ", the lead single from her fifth album, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023), which also debuted atop the Billboard 200. To promote the album, Minaj embarked on the Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) in 2024, which became the highest-grossing concert tour by a female rapper. Outside of music, her other ventures have included voice roles in the animated films Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012) and The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) (2019), and supporting roles in the films The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) (2014) and Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) (2016). On television, she served as a judge on the twelfth season (/wiki/American_Idol_season_12) of American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) (2013). Minaj is one of the world's best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) , with over 100 million records sold. [7] (#cite_note-8) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) ranked her as the top-selling female rapper of the 2010s and one of the greatest rappers of all time (/wiki/Billboard_and_Vibe%27s_50_Greatest_Rappers_of_All_Time) . [8] (#cite_note-9) [9] (#cite_note-billboardgreatest1-10) She has the most number-one albums (3) and top-ten songs (23) in the US for a female rapper. Her various accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) include nine American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) , eight MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards) (including the 2022 Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) ), twelve BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) , five Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Awards) , a Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Awards) , and three Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) ; she has received 12 Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) nominations. In 2016, Time included her on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Throughout her career, Minaj's outspoken views, feuds with several rappers, her personal life, and her fanbase have received significant controversy. [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) Early life Onika Tanya Maraj was born on December 8, 1982, [12] (#cite_note-13) [13] (#cite_note-IndiaToday-14) in the Saint James (/wiki/Saint_James,_Trinidad_and_Tobago) district of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. [14] (#cite_note-Biography-15) [15] (#cite_note-16) Her father was Robert Maraj (1956–2021), [16] (#cite_note-father's_death-17) a financial executive and part-time gospel singer of Dougla (/wiki/Dougla) (Afro-Trinidadian mother and Indo-Trinidadian father) descent. [13] (#cite_note-IndiaToday-14) Her mother, Carol, is also a gospel singer with Afro-Trinidadian ancestry. [17] (#cite_note-18) Carol worked in payroll and accounting departments during Minaj's youth. [18] (#cite_note-19) [19] (#cite_note-20) Minaj's father was addicted to alcohol and crack cocaine (/wiki/Crack_cocaine) [20] (#cite_note-21) and had a violent temper, burning down their house in December 1987. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) She has an older brother named Jelani, [22] (#cite_note-23) a younger brother named Micaiah, [23] (#cite_note-24) and a younger sister named Ming. [24] (#cite_note-25) As a child, Minaj and Jelani grew up with their grandmother in Saint James in a household with 11 cousins. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) Carol was working numerous jobs in Saint James before getting her green card (/wiki/Green_card) at the age of 24. She then moved to the Bronx (/wiki/The_Bronx) in New York to attend Monroe College (/wiki/Monroe_College) , leaving both Minaj and Jelani in Trinidad with their grandmother. Eventually, when Minaj was five, Carol got her first house, on 147th Street in South Jamaica, Queens (/wiki/South_Jamaica,_Queens) and brought both Minaj and Jelani to live with her and their father. [21] (#cite_note-dailyexpress-22) Minaj claimed she came to the United States as an illegal immigrant, although by the time she moved to the United States her mother and subsequently her father had lawful permanent residency. [6] (#cite_note-Penrose-6) Minaj recalled, "I don't think I had a lot of discipline in my household. My mom motivated me, but it wasn't a strict household. I kind of wanted a strict household." [25] (#cite_note-26) Minaj successfully auditioned for admission to Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts (/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School) , which focuses on visual and performing arts. [14] (#cite_note-Biography-15) After graduation, Minaj wanted to become an actress, and she was cast in the Off-Broadway (/wiki/Off-Broadway) play In Case You Forget in 2001. [26] (#cite_note-27) At the age of 19, as she struggled with her acting career, she worked as a waitress at a Red Lobster (/wiki/Red_Lobster_(restaurant)) in the Bronx, but was fired for discourtesy to customers. [27] (#cite_note-28) She said she was fired from "at least 15 jobs" for similar reasons. [28] (#cite_note-billboard1-29) Other jobs included customer service representative (/wiki/Customer_service_representative) and office management (/wiki/Office_management) on Wall Street (/wiki/Wall_Street) . Minaj recalls buying a BMW (/wiki/BMW) as a 19-year-old with the money from waitressing. [29] (#cite_note-30) Career 2004–2009: Career beginnings and mixtapes Further information: Playtime Is Over (mixtape) (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) , Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) , and Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) Minaj briefly signed with Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) group Full Force (/wiki/Full_Force) , in which she rapped in a quartet called the Hoodstars (/wiki/The_Hoodstars) composed of Lou$tar (son of " Bowlegged Lou (/wiki/Full_Force) "), Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) (Scaff Beezy) and 7even Up. [30] (#cite_note-31) [31] (#cite_note-32) In 2004, the group recorded the entrance song for WWE Diva (/wiki/Women_in_WWE) Victoria (/wiki/Lisa_Marie_Varon) , "Don't Mess With", which was featured on the compilation album ThemeAddict: WWE The Music, Vol.6 (/wiki/ThemeAddict:_WWE_The_Music,_Vol._6) . Minaj later left Full Force and uploaded songs on her Myspace (/wiki/Myspace) profile, sending several of her songs to people in the music industry (/wiki/Music_industry) . Later, Fendi, CEO of Brooklyn label Dirty Money Entertainment, signed Minaj to his label in 2007 under a 180-day contract. [32] (#cite_note-33) Originally adopting the stage name Nicki Maraj, she eventually changed it to Nicki Minaj stating that "my real name is Maraj. Fendi flipped it when he met me because I had such a nasty flow!" [33] (#cite_note-34) Minaj released her first mixtape, Playtime Is Over (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) , on July 5, 2007, [34] (#cite_note-35) and her second, Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) , on April 12, 2008. [35] (#cite_note-36) She released her third mixtape, Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) , on April 18, 2009; [36] (#cite_note-37) it received favorable coverage on BET (/wiki/BET) and MTV (/wiki/MTV) . [37] (#cite_note-38) [38] (#cite_note-39) At the time, she was managed by Debra Antney. One of its tracks, " I Get Crazy (/wiki/I_Get_Crazy) ", reached number 20 on the U.S. Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) Hot Rap Songs (/wiki/Hot_Rap_Songs) chart and number 37 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) After Minaj was discovered by fellow rapper Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , [40] (#cite_note-41) she signed a recording contract with his Young Money Entertainment (/wiki/Young_Money_Entertainment) . [41] (#cite_note-42) That November, she appeared with Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) and Trina (/wiki/Trina) on the remix of " 5 Star Bitch (/wiki/5_Star_Bitch) " by Yo Gotti (/wiki/Yo_Gotti) . [42] (#cite_note-43) In early February 2010, Minaj made her first two appearances on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart with her features on " Knockout (/wiki/Knockout_(Lil_Wayne_song)) " and " Up Out My Face (/wiki/Up_Out_My_Face) " by Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) and Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) respectively. [43] (#cite_note-44) [44] (#cite_note-MCNMUPMFHot_100-45) Minaj also appeared on " BedRock (/wiki/BedRock) " and " Roger That (/wiki/Roger_That_(song)) " on the compilation album (/wiki/Compilation_album) , We Are Young Money (/wiki/We_Are_Young_Money) (2009). [45] (#cite_note-46) [46] (#cite_note-47) The singles peaked at numbers two and 56, respectively, in the U.S. Their parent album reached number nine on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , and was certified platinum (/wiki/RIAA_certification) by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA). [47] (#cite_note-YoungMoneyAwards-48) [48] (#cite_note-United_StatesYoung_MoneyWe_Are_Young_MoneyalbumCertRef-49) At Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) 's suggestion, Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) featured Minaj on his single " Shakin' It 4 Daddy (/wiki/Shakin%27_It_4_Daddy) ". [49] (#cite_note-50) Allison Stewart of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) stated that, during that time, she "became the go-to girl for artists who wanted to add some skank to their tracks without sullying themselves in the process". [50] (#cite_note-51) Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven singles simultaneously charting in the U.S. [51] (#cite_note-52) 2010–2011: Breakthrough with Pink Friday Further information: Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) Minaj performing in 2010 On March 29, 2010, Minaj released " Massive Attack (/wiki/Massive_Attack_(song)) " featuring Sean Garrett (/wiki/Sean_Garrett) . [52] (#cite_note-53) Intended as the lead single from her forthcoming debut album, Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) , the song was dropped from the album due to poor commercial performance. [53] (#cite_note-54) [54] (#cite_note-55) The next single, " Your Love (/wiki/Your_Love_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", later became the album's lead single. [55] (#cite_note-56) Released in June, it peaked at number 14 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Rap Songs chart. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) The rapper was then featured on Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) 's song " Woohoo (/wiki/Woohoo_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) ", which reached number 46 on the Canadian Hot 100 (/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100) and number 79 on Billboard Hot 100. [56] (#cite_note-57) [57] (#cite_note-58) [58] (#cite_note-59) In September, Minaj released " Check It Out (/wiki/Check_It_Out_(will.i.am_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " with will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) and " Right Thru Me (/wiki/Right_Thru_Me) " as follow-up singles. [59] (#cite_note-60) [60] (#cite_note-61) [61] (#cite_note-62) In October, Minaj was featured on Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) ", a posse cut (/wiki/Posse_cut) with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Rick Ross (/wiki/Rick_Ross) featuring vocals from Justin Vernon (/wiki/Justin_Vernon) of Bon Iver (/wiki/Bon_Iver) . Her verse received widespread acclaim with many critics regarding it as the best verse on that song. Complex rated Minaj's "Monster" verse as the number-one best rap verse in the past five years, [62] (#cite_note-63) while Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice (/wiki/The_Village_Voice) stated that "Monster" was "the track that announced Minaj's "brilliance" to most people." [63] (#cite_note-Fennessey-64) Shortly after, she performed "Monster" with West and Jay-Z at Yankee Stadium (/wiki/Yankee_Stadium) , becoming the first ever female rapper to perform there. In November 2010, Minaj received her first Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nomination for her guest verse on Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) ' song " My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) ". [64] (#cite_note-65) Pink Friday was released on November 19, 2010, debuting at number two and later reaching number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 375,000 copies. [65] (#cite_note-66) [66] (#cite_note-OpeningWeeks-67) It had the largest sales week for a female rap album in the 21st century and second-highest sales week overall after Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) 's The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill) (1998). Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from critics. [67] (#cite_note-mc-68) It was certified platinum (/wiki/RIAA_certification) in December, with it becoming the first album by a solo female rapper to go platinum in seven years. [68] (#cite_note-69) [69] (#cite_note-70) " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " featuring Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) was released as the fourth single from Pink Friday , [70] (#cite_note-71) on December 7, 2010. Minaj performed "Right Thru Me" and "Moment 4 Life" as the musical guest on the January 29, 2011, episode (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_season_36#ep693) of Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) . [71] (#cite_note-72) " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", the album's fifth single, was released in April 2011. [72] (#cite_note-73) It became a sleeper hit (/wiki/Sleeper_hit) and commercially successful, ultimately peaking at number three on the Hot 100. [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) It was eventually certified 12-times platinum in the U.S. [73] (#cite_note-74) Super Bass was the highest-charting solo single by a female rapper since Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) 's " Work It (/wiki/Work_It_(Missy_Elliott_song)) " in 2002. The music video has over 1 billion views on YouTube as of April 2024. [74] (#cite_note-75) [75] (#cite_note-76) [ non-primary source needed ] Early in her career, Minaj identified as bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) and made several references to it in her music. However, she eventually stated in a 2010 Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) interview, "I think girls are sexy, but I'm not going to lie and say that I date girls." [76] (#cite_note-77) She once again addressed her sexuality in 2020 on Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) 's " Say So (/wiki/Say_So) " remix. The lyrics divided members of the LGBT (/wiki/LGBTQ%2B) community, with some accusing her of " bisexual erasure (/wiki/Bisexual_erasure) " while others voicing there is nothing wrong with originally identifying as bisexual, and then later identifying as straight. [77] (#cite_note-78) [78] (#cite_note-79) Minaj was one of the opening acts on Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) ' 2011 Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) . [79] (#cite_note-80) She and Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) appeared on the remix of Spears' " Till the World Ends (/wiki/Till_the_World_Ends) ", which peaked at number three in the U.S. [80] (#cite_note-81) On August 7, 2011, Minaj experienced a wardrobe malfunction (/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction) during a live performance on Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) when she revealed her left nipple. Both ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) and Minaj apologized for the incident, with Minaj denying it was a publicity stunt. [81] (#cite_note-82) [82] (#cite_note-83) Minaj continued to perform at high-profile events throughout 2011 with Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) inviting her to perform with Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) for the introduction of a Versace (/wiki/Versace) collection for H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . She also performed "Super Bass" at the 2011 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [83] (#cite_note-84) In December 2011, Minaj was nominated for three Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) and Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) for Pink Friday . [84] (#cite_note-85) Also that year, she won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Video) for " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", marking her first VMA (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) win. [85] (#cite_note-86) 2012–2013: Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and American Idol Further information: Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) and Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded – The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) Minaj performing in the Hammersmith Apollo (/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo) during 2012 " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " was released in February 2012 as the lead single from Minaj's forthcoming second album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) . [86] (#cite_note-87) The song reached number five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, [39] (#cite_note-AllMusicAwards-40) and went on to become the fifth best-selling single of 2012. [87] (#cite_note-88) Her crossover into pop music was criticized by some, despite her commercial success. [88] (#cite_note-crossover-89) Follow-up singles " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) " featuring 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) and " Right by My Side (/wiki/Right_by_My_Side) " featuring Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) were released shortly after. [89] (#cite_note-90) [90] (#cite_note-91) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded was eventually released on April 2, 2012, two months later than initially planned. [91] (#cite_note-92) It was preceded by the promotional singles " Roman in Moscow (/wiki/Roman_in_Moscow) " and " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) ". [92] (#cite_note-93) [93] (#cite_note-94) The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 253,000 copies, and was certified two-times platinum by the RIAA in March 2016. [66] (#cite_note-OpeningWeeks-67) [94] (#cite_note-United_StatesNicki_MinajPink_Friday:_Roman_ReloadedalbumCertRef-95) However, the mix of hip-hop songs and mainstream pop material received mixed reviews. [95] (#cite_note-96) " Pound the Alarm (/wiki/Pound_the_Alarm) " and " Va Va Voom (/wiki/Va_Va_Voom) " were later released as the final singles from the album. [96] (#cite_note-97) [97] (#cite_note-98) Minaj along with fellow rapper M.I.A. (/wiki/M.I.A._(rapper)) joined Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) to perform the single, " Give Me All Your Luvin (/wiki/Give_Me_All_Your_Luvin%27) " during the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show) on February 6, 2012. [98] (#cite_note-99) Minaj was the first solo female rapper to perform at the Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Award) , performing " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " during the 2012 ceremony (/wiki/54th_Grammy_Awards) on February 12. [99] (#cite_note-100) Her exorcism (/wiki/Exorcism) -themed performance was controversial, with the American Catholic League (/wiki/Catholic_League_(US)) and its president criticizing her performance. [100] (#cite_note-101) [101] (#cite_note-popescene1-102) [102] (#cite_note-103) Minaj began her headlining Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) on May 16, 2012, which was followed by the Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) beginning October 14, 2012. [103] (#cite_note-104) [104] (#cite_note-105) Although she was scheduled to headline the June 3 Hot 97 (/wiki/WQHT) Summer Jam (/wiki/Summer_Jam_(festival)) at MetLife Stadium (/wiki/MetLife_Stadium) in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , at the request of Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) she canceled her appearance the day of the show after Peter Rosenberg (/wiki/Peter_Rosenberg) of the station dismissed her single "Starships" as "not real hip-hop". [105] (#cite_note-106) The following month, she voiced Steffie (/wiki/List_of_Ice_Age_characters#Steffie) in the animated film Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012). [106] (#cite_note-107) Minaj won awards for Best Female Video (/wiki/Best_Female_Video) (for "Starships") at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2012_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) and Best Hip-Hop (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop) at the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2012_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) . [107] (#cite_note-108) An expanded version of Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded , subtitled The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) , was released on November 19, 2012, with seven new songs. [108] (#cite_note-109) That month, she was the subject of a three-part E! (/wiki/E!) documentary titled Nicki Minaj: My Truth . [109] (#cite_note-voomvideo-110) In September, Minaj joined the judges' panel for the twelfth season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_12)) of American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) with Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) , Keith Urban (/wiki/Keith_Urban) , and Randy Jackson (/wiki/Randy_Jackson) . [110] (#cite_note-111) Throughout the show there were disagreements between Carey and Minaj, with both of them leaving the series at the end of the season. [111] (#cite_note-112) [112] (#cite_note-113) [113] (#cite_note-114) [114] (#cite_note-115) 2014–2017: The Pinkprint and acting ventures Further information: The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) Minaj's first live-action theatrical film The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) was filmed in spring 2013 and premiered on April 25, 2014. [115] (#cite_note-116) As she was working on her third studio album The Pinkprint , she described the album as "a continuation of The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) with a lot more" and said it would focus on her "hip hop roots". [116] (#cite_note-117) [117] (#cite_note-118) [118] (#cite_note-119) During an MTV (/wiki/MTV) interview, she additionally said that it would be "next level" and that she has "much to talk about". [119] (#cite_note-120) " Pills n Potions (/wiki/Pills_n_Potions) " was released as the lead single from The Pinkprint in May 2014. [120] (#cite_note-121) In July, she appeared on the song " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " with singers Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , which peaked at number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) and marked Minaj's first number-one on the UK singles chart (/wiki/UK_singles_chart) . [122] (#cite_note-123) "Bang Bang" was certified diamond by the RIAA in May 2024, for recognized sales of 10 million units; it became the first all-female collaboration to achieve the certification. [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) Its music video has nearly 2 billion views on YouTube, as of June 2024. [121] (#cite_note-bangbangdiamond-122) " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) " was released in August as the second single from the album, peaking at number two, which became her highest-charting single in the U.S. at the time. [123] (#cite_note-anacondan2hot100-124) [124] (#cite_note-125) Its ascent from number 39 to number two in its third week marked the second-biggest jump within the chart's top 40 region, at the time. [123] (#cite_note-anacondan2hot100-124) The music video for "Anaconda" went viral (/wiki/Viral_video) upon release online; it set a 24-hour Vevo (/wiki/Vevo) record, accumulating 19.6 million views on its first day of release, breaking the record previously held by Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) for " Wrecking Ball (/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_(Miley_Cyrus_song)) ". [125] (#cite_note-126) It has over 1.1 billion views on YouTube, as of June 2024. On November 9, 2014, Minaj hosted the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) in Glasgow, Scotland. [126] (#cite_note-:1-127) She also won the Best Hip-Hop Award for a second time. [126] (#cite_note-:1-127) The Pinkprint was officially released on December 15, 2014, and debuted at number two in the U.S., with first week sales of 244,000 equivalent units (198,000 in pure album sales and 46,000 combined album-equivalent units and streams (/wiki/Streaming_media) ). [127] (#cite_note-128) [128] (#cite_note-129) Upon release, critics praised the production and personal lyrics. [129] (#cite_note-130) Minaj in a 2016 interview At the 58th Grammy Awards (/wiki/58th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Minaj received three more Grammy Award nominations, including a second Best Rap Album nomination for The Pinkprint , a Best Rap Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Song) nomination for "Anaconda" and a Best Pop Duo/Group Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Duo/Group_Performance) nomination for "Bang Bang". [130] (#cite_note-131) [131] (#cite_note-132) In March 2015, Minaj embarked on her third world tour entitled The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) and also became the first female artist to chart four songs simultaneously in the top 10 of Billboard ' s Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop airplay chart. [132] (#cite_note-133) At the 2015 BET Awards (/wiki/2015_BET_Awards) , Minaj won her sixth consecutive award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Artists) , becoming the female rapper with most wins in that category. [133] (#cite_note-134) In August 2015, Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_Las_Vegas) unveiled a wax figure (/wiki/Wax_sculpture) of Minaj, which depicted a pose from the "Anaconda" music video. [134] (#cite_note-135) [135] (#cite_note-136) The attraction received criticism from some, including Angharad Welsh of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) , who called it "a sexist, racist mistake". [136] (#cite_note-137) [137] (#cite_note-138) Despite this, Minaj voiced her approval of the wax figure on social media. [138] (#cite_note-:7-139) In May 2015, it was announced that Minaj would feature in the third installment of the Barbershop (/wiki/Barbershop_(film_series)) film series, alongside Ice Cube (/wiki/Ice_Cube) , Cedric the Entertainer (/wiki/Cedric_the_Entertainer) , Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) , and other original cast members. [139] (#cite_note-BB:Bshop2-140) Titled Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) , the film was released on April 15, 2016. For Minaj's performance as a "sassy" hairdresser named Draya, she was nominated for a Teen Choice Award (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) for Choice Movie Actress: Comedy (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Award_for_Choice_Movie_Actress_%E2%80%93_Comedy) . [139] (#cite_note-BB:Bshop2-140) [140] (#cite_note-TeenChoice-141) In September 2015, it was announced that Minaj would executive produce and appear in a scripted single-camera (/wiki/Single-camera_setup) comedy series for ABC Family (now Freeform (/wiki/Freeform_(TV_channel)) ) based on her life growing up in Queens (/wiki/Queens) , New York City. [141] (#cite_note-DeadlineNickiSeries2-142) The show was titled Nicki and the pilot episode was filmed in Minaj's hometown in January 2016. [141] (#cite_note-DeadlineNickiSeries2-142) In October 2016, Minaj stated the filming was postponed for undisclosed reasons. [142] (#cite_note-143) In January 2017, she announced that she had ended her relationship with Meek Mill. [143] (#cite_note-144) [144] (#cite_note-145) [145] (#cite_note-146) In February 2017, Minaj and Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) was featured on Jason Derulo (/wiki/Jason_Derulo) 's single " Swalla (/wiki/Swalla) " which reached the top ten in several countries, including a peak of number six in the UK. [146] (#cite_note-147) [147] (#cite_note-148) The following month, Minaj signed with the major modeling agency, Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) . [148] (#cite_note-149) On March 20, 2017, when her singles " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) ", " Changed It (/wiki/Changed_It) ", and " Regret in Your Tears (/wiki/Regret_in_Your_Tears) " were released simultaneously, Minaj broke the record for the most Billboard Hot 100 entries for a female artist, which at the time was previously held by Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) . [149] (#cite_note-150) In May 2017, Minaj opened the 2017 (/wiki/2017_Billboard_Music_Awards) Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/2017_Billboard_Music_Awards) with a medley performance that was described by Elias Leight of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) as "flamboyantly produced" and "dexterous". [150] (#cite_note-151) Throughout the remainder of 2017, Minaj performed guest verses on several singles, including Migos (/wiki/Migos) ' " MotorSport (/wiki/MotorSport) " and Yo Gotti (/wiki/Yo_Gotti) 's " Rake It Up (/wiki/Rake_It_Up) ", both of which peaked inside the top ten in the U.S. at numbers six and eight, respectively. [151] (#cite_note-hot100_history-152) She also featured on Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) 's " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) ", which was certified platinum in the U.S. and Canada. [152] (#cite_note-153) She briefly dated rapper Nas (/wiki/Nas) in 2017 before they broke up in January 2018. [153] (#cite_note-154) [154] (#cite_note-155) 2018–2019: Queen Further information: Queen (Nicki Minaj album) (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) After a social media hiatus, Minaj released two singles from her fourth studio album Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) . She released " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " and " Barbie Tingz (/wiki/Barbie_Tingz) " simultaneously on April 12, 2018, with both reaching number ten and number twenty-five in the U.S. respectively. [155] (#cite_note-:32-156) She performed "Chun-Li" on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) and the 2018 BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards_2018) . [156] (#cite_note-:2-157) [157] (#cite_note-158) While "Chun Li" appears on the tracklist of the album, "Barbie Tingz" is only included on the Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) version of the album. [158] (#cite_note-:04-159) On the red carpet of the 2018 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , she announced the title of the album and the original release date. [159] (#cite_note-160) The second single, " Bed (/wiki/Bed_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", featuring Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) was released on June 14, 2018, alongside the album pre-order, reaching number 42 on the Hot 100. [160] (#cite_note-161) [161] (#cite_note-Rich_Sex-162) [162] (#cite_note-163) [ non-primary source needed ] Additionally, Minaj appeared as a featured artist on the song " Fefe (/wiki/Fefe_(song)) " along with Murda Beatz (/wiki/Murda_Beatz) and Tekashi 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) . It debuted at number four in the U.S., marking Minaj's highest debut on the chart at the time, besting the sixth place start of "Bang Bang" in 2014. [163] (#cite_note-US_peak-164) [164] (#cite_note-bb-165) It later peaked at number three and was added to Queen in the middle of its first tracking week. [163] (#cite_note-US_peak-164) [165] (#cite_note-166) The day before the album's release, Minaj launched her own Beats 1 (/wiki/Apple_Music_1) radio show, Queen Radio . [166] (#cite_note-167) [167] (#cite_note-168) Minaj performing at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) Queen received multiple delays before finally being released on August 10, 2018. [168] (#cite_note-169) [169] (#cite_note-170) [170] (#cite_note-:4-171) It debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 with 185,000 album-equivalent units (/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit) , of which 78,000 came from pure album sales. [171] (#cite_note-172) It also debuted at number five in the UK and at number four in Australia, marking Minaj's highest debut in the latter country. [172] (#cite_note-173) [173] (#cite_note-174) Minaj later expressed frustration and criticized several people including Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) , whose album Astroworld (/wiki/Astroworld_(album)) claimed the top spot for a second week in a row, blocking Queen from the top spot. Minaj alleged that Travis Scott sold shirts, merchandise, and ticket passes for an unnannounced tour to boost his album sales. [174] (#cite_note-billboard.com-175) This controversy and Queen 's roll-out was documented by several news outlets and commentators. [175] (#cite_note-176) [176] (#cite_note-177) [177] (#cite_note-178) Queen received generally positive reviews, with some critics deriding the album's length and direction. [178] (#cite_note-179) The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA (/wiki/RIAA) in January 2019, for moving over 1 million equivalent units. [179] (#cite_note-180) Minaj performing with Little Mix (/wiki/Little_Mix) at the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) Minaj performed at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) where she also won her fourth MTV Video Music Award for the "Chun-Li" music video. [180] (#cite_note-181) The same month, she featured on the remix of " Idol (/wiki/Idol_(BTS_song)) " by South Korean boy band BTS (/wiki/BTS) . It debuted and peaked at number eleven in the U.S. which was the group's second highest-charting song at the time. [181] (#cite_note-182) She also featured on the song " Woman Like Me (/wiki/Woman_Like_Me) " by British girl group Little Mix (/wiki/Little_Mix) , which was released on October 12, 2018. [182] (#cite_note-183) A music video was shortly released after, with Minaj and Little Mix later performing the song together at the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) . [183] (#cite_note-184) She was also featured on "Dip" (/wiki/Dip_(song)) by American rapper Tyga (/wiki/Tyga) which reached number sixty-three in the U.S. making her the first female artist to have 100 entries on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [184] (#cite_note-185) She later attended the year-end Billboard Women in Music (/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music) event, receiving the Game Changer Award for the accomplishment. [185] (#cite_note-186) In September, Minaj co-headlined the annual Made in America Festival (/wiki/Made_in_America_Festival) and suffered another wardrobe malfunction when the front of her outfit fell open. [186] (#cite_note-187) In November, she was invited to the DWP music festival in China but did not perform due to problems with the company hosting the event. [187] (#cite_note-188) The next year in April 2019, Minaj made a surprise guest appearance at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) during Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) 's set where they performed their collaborations " Side to Side (/wiki/Side_to_Side) " and " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) ". However, she experienced technical difficulties with her earpiece. [188] (#cite_note-189) Later that month, Minaj parted ways with her longtime management team after a mutual agreement, with American entertainment executive Irving Azoff (/wiki/Irving_Azoff) serving as her new manager. [189] (#cite_note-190) [190] (#cite_note-191) In June 2019, Minaj released a standalone single titled " Megatron (/wiki/Megatron_(song)) " along with an accompanying music video. In the U.S., the song debuted at number twenty. A month later, she provided information on her upcoming fifth studio album, appearing on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon) , stating that "there's definitely a new album, of course." [191] (#cite_note-192) She featured on the song " Hot Girl Summer (/wiki/Hot_Girl_Summer) " alongside fellow female rapper Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) in August 2019, which reached number eleven in the U.S. [192] (#cite_note-193) Minaj had a voice role as Pinky in The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) , which was released in August 2019. [193] (#cite_note-194) In November, Minaj appeared on the Charlie's Angels: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack) on the song "Bad To You", along with Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) and Normani (/wiki/Normani) , marking her sixth collaboration with Grande. [194] (#cite_note-195) Minaj also collaborated with Colombian singer Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) on the song " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) ", which was released to streaming platforms on November 7. The song reached forty-two in the U.S. and reached the top of many other charts including the " Hot Latin Songs (/wiki/Hot_Latin_Songs) " chart, which made it the first song with two lead female artists to debut in such position. [195] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-196) "Tusa" later became the longest-running number one single in Argentina, spending five months on the top of the chart. [196] (#cite_note-ArgentinaHot100-197) 2020–2021: Beam Me Up Scotty re-release Further information: Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) In January 2020, Minaj was featured on " Nice to Meet Ya (/wiki/Nice_to_Meet_Ya_(Meghan_Trainor_song)) " by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor (/wiki/Meghan_Trainor) . [197] (#cite_note-198) [198] (#cite_note-199) In February, she released a standalone song called " Yikes (/wiki/Yikes_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " as a promotional single. [199] (#cite_note-200) [200] (#cite_note-201) By the end of that month, Minaj appeared as a guest judge on the twelfth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_(season_12)) 's premiere of the reality television show RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) . [201] (#cite_note-202) [202] (#cite_note-203) In May, fellow rapper Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) announced a collaboration with Minaj on two remixes of her song " Say So (/wiki/Say_So) ". The remix later debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) , becoming both Minaj and Doja Cat's first single to reach number one in the U.S. It became the first all-female collaboration that had reached number one in the U.S. since " Fancy (/wiki/Fancy_(Iggy_Azalea_song)) " by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) featuring English singer Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) did it in 2014. [203] (#cite_note-bbhot100-peak12-204) It marked the first time that a song by two female rappers reached the top, for which Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) later gave them an award. [204] (#cite_note-205) [205] (#cite_note-206) A month later, she released a collaboration with 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) called " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ", which debuted at number one in the U.S. becoming her second number one single. [206] (#cite_note-207) This made her the first female rapper to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 since Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) did so in 1998 with " Doo Wop (That Thing) (/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)) ". [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) Minaj featured on singer Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) 's track " Expensive (/wiki/Expensive_(Ty_Dolla_Sign_song)) ". [208] (#cite_note-209) She continued to appear as a featured artist on several songs in late 2020 [209] (#cite_note-210) [210] (#cite_note-211) and released " What That Speed Bout!? (/wiki/What_That_Speed_Bout!%3F) " with producer Mike Will Made It (/wiki/Mike_Will_Made_It) and rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) on November 6. [211] (#cite_note-212) On the 10th anniversary of her debut album Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010), Minaj announced a six-part docuseries (/wiki/Docuseries) about her, produced by Bron Studios (/wiki/Bron_Studios) and was originally said to premiere on HBO Max (/wiki/HBO_Max) . [212] (#cite_note-213) [213] (#cite_note-214) In 2022, the streaming platform confirmed it dropped the still-unreleased project. [214] (#cite_note-:15-215) [215] (#cite_note-:16-216) In May 2021, Minaj released a reissue of her mixtape Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) (2009), including new songs previously unavailable on streaming services. The reissue debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , which gave it the highest debut for a female rap mixtape in the U.S. [216] (#cite_note-:10-217) [217] (#cite_note-218) A song from the reissue, titled " Seeing Green (/wiki/Seeing_Green) " featuring fellow Young Money rappers Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) reached number twelve in the U.S. In July, Minaj collaborated with fellow rapper Bia (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) on the remix of her song Whole Lotta Money (/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Money) . In September, Minaj collaborated with English singer-songwriter Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) 's fifth collaboration album The Lockdown Sessions (/wiki/The_Lockdown_Sessions_(Elton_John_album)) (2021). She appeared on the song "Always Love You" with John and rapper Young Thug (/wiki/Young_Thug) . [218] (#cite_note-219) Later that month, she split with her previous manager Irving Azoff (/wiki/Irving_Azoff) and is now being managed by Wassim Slaiby (/wiki/Wassim_Slaiby) , also known by his management company SALXCO, who is best known for managing The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) and Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) . [219] (#cite_note-220) English singer Jesy Nelson (/wiki/Jesy_Nelson) released her solo debut, called " Boyz (/wiki/Boyz_(Jesy_Nelson_song)) ", which Minaj features on. The song peaked at number four in the UK and number sixteen in Ireland. [220] (#cite_note-221) [221] (#cite_note-222) In October 2021, Minaj appeared as a surprise host for the season six (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Potomac_(season_6)) reunion of the reality television show The Real Housewives of Potomac (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Potomac) . [222] (#cite_note-223) In November 2021, her 2011 Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) single "Super Bass" received a Diamond certification by the RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) , making her the second solo female rapper to receive a diamond certification. [223] (#cite_note-:14-224) Minaj won the Best Hip Hop (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip_Hop) award in the MTV Europe Music Awards 2021 (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , becoming the sixth time she has won this award. [224] (#cite_note-225) 2022–present: Pink Friday 2 Further information: Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) After a social media hiatus, Minaj released a song collaboration with rapper Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) called " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) " in February. The track was accompanied with a music video that featured guest appearances from actors Joseph Sikora (/wiki/Joseph_Sikora) and Cory Hardrict (/wiki/Cory_Hardrict) . [225] (#cite_note-226) [226] (#cite_note-227) The video contained a snippet of another Lil Baby collaboration titled " Bussin (/wiki/Bussin_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Lil_Baby_song)) ", [227] (#cite_note-228) released a week later, on February 11. [228] (#cite_note-229) [229] (#cite_note-230) "Do We Have a Problem?" debuted and peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) . In a promotional Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) interview with DJ Zane Lowe (/wiki/Zane_Lowe) , Minaj said her forthcoming fifth studio album is "coming very soon". [230] (#cite_note-231) She described it as "fun, gutta, and back to the basics". [231] (#cite_note-232) In March, Minaj and fellow rapper Coi Leray (/wiki/Coi_Leray) 's collaboration " Blick Blick (/wiki/Blick_Blick) ", was released—from the former's debut studio album, Trendsetter (/wiki/Trendsetter_(Coi_Leray_album)) (2022). [232] (#cite_note-233) Minaj revealed that her verse was almost scrapped due to American rapper Benzino (/wiki/Benzino) (who is also Coi Leray's father) leaking the collaboration. [233] (#cite_note-234) Later that month, she surprise-released the standalone single " We Go Up (/wiki/We_Go_Up_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " featuring rapper Fivio Foreign (/wiki/Fivio_Foreign) . [234] (#cite_note-235) The drill (/wiki/Drill_music) track was initially teased on Minaj's social media as a scrapped song from her album, before fans had requested her to release the song. [235] (#cite_note-236) [236] (#cite_note-237) In April, Minaj appeared on English television host James Corden (/wiki/James_Corden) 's Carpool Karaoke (/wiki/Carpool_Karaoke) segment, kickstarting the return of its broadcast on The Late Late Show with James Corden (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden) after a two-year hiatus. [237] (#cite_note-238) In early July, Minaj headlined the 2022 editions of Essence Music Festival (/wiki/Essence_Music_Festival#2022) in New Orleans (/wiki/New_Orleans) and the Wireless Festival (/wiki/Wireless_Festival#2022) in London. [238] (#cite_note-essence_2022-239) [239] (#cite_note-240) On July 28 she released a two-minute trailer of her upcoming six-part docu-series (/wiki/Television_documentary) titled "Nicki", produced by Canadian production company Bron Studios (/wiki/Bron_Studios) . [214] (#cite_note-:15-215) [215] (#cite_note-:16-216) [240] (#cite_note-241) In August, Minaj released " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " as the lead single of her upcoming fifth studio album. The track samples American singer Rick James (/wiki/Rick_James) 's 1981 song, " Super Freak (/wiki/Super_Freak) ." [241] (#cite_note-242) [242] (#cite_note-243) After its initial release, "Super Freaky Girl" received an extended version called the "Roman Remix", which features the return of her alter ego Roman Zolanski. [243] (#cite_note-244) [244] (#cite_note-245) "Super Freaky Girl" debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, marking Minaj's third U.S. number-one and her first unaccompanied chart-topper. It became the first solo song by a female rapper to debut at number one in the U.S. in 22 years, since fellow rapper Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) 's song " Doo Wop (That Thing) (/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)) " in 1998. [245] (#cite_note-246) Later in August, Minaj released a compilation album (/wiki/Compilation_album) titled Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) with one new track, " Likkle Miss (Remix) (/wiki/Likkle_Miss) " with Skeng. [246] (#cite_note-247) In September, she released a remix of "Super Freaky Girl" called "Queen Mix", which features 5 other female rappers: JT (/wiki/City_Girls) , Bia (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) , Katie Got Bandz (/wiki/Katie_Got_Bandz) , Akbar V, and Maliibu Miitch (/wiki/Maliibu_Miitch) . [247] (#cite_note-248) Also in September, Yung Bleu (/wiki/Yung_Bleu) released his single "Love in the Way" featuring Minaj. [248] (#cite_note-249) In October, Minaj and Skeng released a remix of "Likkle Miss" called "The Fine Nine Remix" featuring Spice (/wiki/Spice_(musician)) , Destra Garcia (/wiki/Destra_Garcia) , Patrice Roberts (/wiki/Patrice_Roberts) , Lady Leshurr (/wiki/Lady_Leshurr) , Pamputtae, Dovey Magnum, Lisa Mercedez (/wiki/Lisa_Mercedez) , and London Hill. [249] (#cite_note-250) Later that month, rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) released a collaboration with Minaj titled "I Admit". [250] (#cite_note-251) In November 2022, Minaj collaborated with Lebanese singer Myriam Fares (/wiki/Myriam_Fares) and Colombian singer Maluma (/wiki/Maluma) on " Tukoh Taka (/wiki/Tukoh_Taka) " which was the official FIFA Fan Festival (/wiki/FIFA_Fan_Festival) anthem. [251] (#cite_note-252) On March 3, 2023, Minaj released " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " as the second single from her upcoming album. [252] (#cite_note-253) The song samples Lumidee (/wiki/Lumidee) 's 2003 single " Never Leave You (Uh Oooh, Uh Oooh) (/wiki/Never_Leave_You_(Uh_Oooh,_Uh_Oooh)) ". [253] (#cite_note-254) It debuted and peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and debuted atop the Digital Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts. [254] (#cite_note-255) On March 5, Minaj appeared as a surprise performer during Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) 's set at the 2023 Rolling Loud California (/wiki/Rolling_Loud#California) festival. [255] (#cite_note-256) In April 2023, Minaj featured on " WTF (/wiki/WTF_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_song)) ," the lead single from YoungBoy Never Broke Again (/wiki/YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again) 's third studio album, Don't Try This At Home (/wiki/Don%27t_Try_This_at_Home_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_album)) . [256] (#cite_note-257) She teamed up with Ice Spice (/wiki/Ice_Spice) on the remix to the latter's song " Princess Diana (/wiki/Princess_Diana_(song)) ", released on April 14, 2023—the first-ever release on Minaj's record label, Heavy On It. [257] (#cite_note-258) [258] (#cite_note-259) The remix became the first collaboration between two women to top the Hot Rap Songs chart and made Minaj the woman with the most number-ones on the chart (10). It peaked at number four on the Hot 100 and atop the Digital Song Sales chart. [259] (#cite_note-260) Minaj's next collaboration was German singer Kim Petras's " Alone (/wiki/Alone_(Kim_Petras_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", released on April 21. It samples " Better Off Alone (/wiki/Better_Off_Alone) " (1999) by Alice Deejay (/wiki/Alice_Deejay) . [260] (#cite_note-261) The single reached the top 40 in the United Kingdom. [261] (#cite_note-262) In May, she featured on " Pound Town 2 (/wiki/Pound_Town) ", the remix to St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis) rapper Sexyy Red (/wiki/Sexyy_Red) and Tay Keith (/wiki/Tay_Keith) 's single, "Pound Town". [262] (#cite_note-263) It reached the summit of the Digital Songs chart. [263] (#cite_note-264) On June 5, 2023, Minaj announced via Twitter that her fifth studio album would be released on October 20, 2023. [264] (#cite_note-265) On June 30, she announced the album's title, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) , via her social media, and that the release date was rescheduled to November 17. [265] (#cite_note-266) The album was ultimately pushed back to and released on December 8, 2023. [266] (#cite_note-267) [267] (#cite_note-268) Pink Friday 2 debuted atop the Billboard 200, with 228,000 album-equivalent units—Minaj's first album in over 11 years (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) to do so. It made her the female rapper with the most U.S. number-one albums (3) in chart history, surpassing Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) . [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) The record earned the largest sales week (overall and pure) of the decade for a rap album by a woman and for an R&B/hip-hop album by a woman of 2023. [269] (#cite_note-270) It garnered the highest first-week vinyl sales for a female rap album in U.S. history. [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) Additionally, Pink Friday 2 achieved the largest streaming week for a female rap album of the decade, and for a female R&B/hip-hop album of 2023. [268] (#cite_note-pf2_charttop-269) Globally, it broke the record for the most single-day streams for a female hip-hop title on Spotify. [270] (#cite_note-271) 14 tracks from the album debuted on the Billboard Hot 100, of which two charted in the top 40—" Everybody (/wiki/Everybody_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " featuring Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) and " Needle (/wiki/Needle_(song)) " featuring Drake. [271] (#cite_note-272) Aided by "Everybody", " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) ", and "Barbie Dangerous", Minaj tied Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) for the third-most top-tens (50) on Hot Rap Songs. [272] (#cite_note-273) Multiple deluxe editions of Pink Friday 2 were released. [273] (#cite_note-274) [274] (#cite_note-275) [275] (#cite_note-276) It became Minaj's fifth album to be certified platinum. [276] (#cite_note-277) Also in June 2023, she and Ice Spice released their second collaboration, " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " with europop (/wiki/Europop) band Aqua (/wiki/Aqua_(band)) , from the Barbie film soundtrack (/wiki/Barbie_the_Album) . The song samples Aqua's 1997 single, " Barbie Girl (/wiki/Barbie_Girl) ". Peaking at number seven on the Hot 100 and atop Digital Song Sales, it extended her record as the female rapper with the most U.S. top-tens (23) and number-ones on the latter chart (16). [277] (#cite_note-278) Minaj made guest appearances on Young Thug (/wiki/Young_Thug) and Lil Uzi Vert's albums, Business Is Business (/wiki/Business_Is_Business_(Young_Thug_album)) and Pink Tape (/wiki/Pink_Tape_(Lil_Uzi_Vert_album)) , on the songs: "Money" with the late Juice Wrld (/wiki/Juice_Wrld) , [278] (#cite_note-279) and the U.S. top-20 " Endless Fashion (/wiki/Endless_Fashion) ". [279] (#cite_note-280) [280] (#cite_note-281) " Last Time I Saw You (/wiki/Last_Time_I_Saw_You) " was released on September 1, 2023, as the third single from Pink Friday 2 . It made Minaj the act with the most number-ones (25) on the R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Song Sales, surpassing Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) . [281] (#cite_note-:18-282) On September 12, she hosted the 2023 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2023_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , marking her second consecutive year in the role. [282] (#cite_note-283) In October, Minaj released " Bahm Bahm (/wiki/Bahm_Bahm) ", an outtake of Pink Friday 2 , as a limited-time website exclusive. [283] (#cite_note-284) Pirated (/wiki/Music_piracy) versions of the song were uploaded to streaming services and entered the Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) charts, before being taken down (/wiki/Copyright_violation) . [284] (#cite_note-285) The song ultimately made the final tracklist and was released as part of the album. [285] (#cite_note-286) Days later, she released "For All the Barbz", her freestyle of Drake's " All the Parties (/wiki/All_the_Parties) " (featuring Chief Keef (/wiki/Chief_Keef) ), exclusively via her YouTube channel. [286] (#cite_note-287) With the 2023 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2023_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , she became the first black artist and female rapper to win Best U.S. Act (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_US_Act) in the award show's history. [287] (#cite_note-288) An extended remix of the Pink Friday 2 track "Beep Beep", featuring 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) , was released as a promotional single from the album on December 12, 2023. [288] (#cite_note-289) Also in December, Minaj performed on the Atlanta and Miami dates of iHeartRadio (/wiki/IHeartRadio) 's Jingle Ball Tour (/wiki/Jingle_Ball_Tour) 2023. [289] (#cite_note-290) She was originally set to perform on the Chicago date but canceled her headlining slot due to the then-forthcoming release of Pink Friday 2 , which resulted in Lil Wayne replacing her on the lineup. [290] (#cite_note-291) She conducted a New Year's Eve concert at the E11Even (/wiki/E11Even_Miami) nightclub in Miami. [291] (#cite_note-292) In January 2024, "Everybody" and "FTCU" were released as subsequent singles from Pink Friday 2 . [292] (#cite_note-293) [293] (#cite_note-294) The tracks eventually reached the top 25 and top 15 on the Hot 100. [151] (#cite_note-hot100_history-152) "FTCU" topped the Digital Songs, R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Song Sales, and Hot Rap Digital Song Sales charts, becoming Minaj's 17th, 26th, and 22nd number-ones on the tallies. [294] (#cite_note-295) A remix of the song, titled the "Sleeze Mix", featuring Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) , Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) , and Sexyy Red (/wiki/Sexyy_Red) was released in April. [295] (#cite_note-296) On January 26, 2024, Minaj teased a diss track (/wiki/Diss_track) against fellow rapper Megan Thee Stallion called " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " on Instagram live in response to the latter's " Hiss (/wiki/Hiss_(song)) " single, which was followed by a series of tweets concerning the feud (#Feuds) by Minaj within the course of hours. [296] (#cite_note-297) [297] (#cite_note-298) [298] (#cite_note-complex.com-299) It was officially released on January 28. [299] (#cite_note-300) The track was accompanied by an a cappella version, so that, in Minaj's words: "other producers all around the world can make their own beat." [300] (#cite_note-301) "Big Foot" was poorly received by critics and fans, who criticized the production, the rap flow, and the shots at Megan for lacking quality. [301] (#cite_note-Mendez_II-302) [302] (#cite_note-Ahlgrim-303) [303] (#cite_note-Kyndall-304) The song broke first-day records for the highest solo female rap debut in Apple Music (/wiki/Apple_Music) history and the biggest solo female rap debut on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) in 2024. [304] (#cite_note-305) [305] (#cite_note-306) However, after its strong first-day debut, it fell off quickly in streams and ultimately debuted at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. [306] (#cite_note-307) It extended Minaj's record as the female rapper with the most, and woman with the second-most, top-tens (46) on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart, behind Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) (52). [307] (#cite_note-308) Minaj was nominated for Best Rap Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Song) and Best Song Written for Visual Media (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media) for "Barbie World" at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . [308] (#cite_note-309) In support of Pink Friday 2 , she embarked on its namesake world tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) , her most extensive tour yet. It began on March 1, 2024, in Oakland (/wiki/Oakland,_California) , California, and will conclude on October 11, 2024, in Elmont (/wiki/Elmont,_New_York) , New York. [309] (#cite_note-310) [310] (#cite_note-311) It includes Minaj's headlining slots at ten festivals across the US, Europe, and Africa. [311] (#cite_note-312) The tour became the highest-grossing tour by a female rapper in history, with over $67 million in revenue, based on the first 34 shows. [312] (#cite_note-313) Artistry Musical style When I started rapping, people were trying to make me like the typical New York rapper (/wiki/New_York_rap) , but I'm not that. No disrespect to New York rappers, but I don't want people to hear me and know exactly where I'm from. — Minaj on her rapping style in a Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) interview [28] (#cite_note-billboard1-29) Minaj is known for her animated rapping style and "unique" flow (/wiki/Flow_(music)) . [313] (#cite_note-314) Her rapping is distinctive for its speed and the use of alter egos (/wiki/Alter_ego) and accents, primarily British cockney (/wiki/Cockney_speech) . [314] (#cite_note-:3-315) [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) She often both sings and raps in her songs, and has made use of metaphors (/wiki/Metaphor) , punch lines (/wiki/Punch_line) , and word play (/wiki/Word_play) . The alter egos are incorporated with her lyrics in British accents (Roman Zolanski) or soft-spokenness (Harajuku Barbie). Ice-T (/wiki/Ice-T) said about Minaj's rapping style, "[Minaj] does her thing. She has her own way of doing it. She has an ill vocal delivery. She kind of reminds me of a female Busta Rhymes (/wiki/Busta_Rhymes) , like how she throws her voice in different directions." [316] (#cite_note-317) Jon Caramanica (/wiki/Jon_Caramanica) of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) called Minaj "a sparkling rapper with a gift for comic accents and unexpected turns of phrase. She's a walking exaggeration, outsize in sound, personality and look. And she's a rapid evolver, discarding old modes as easily as adopting new ones." [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) Although many critics describe her technique as bubblegum (/wiki/Bubblegum_pop) rap (/wiki/Rapping) , Minaj said: "What people don't know is that before I was doing that craziness I was doing me, I was just doing regular sounding rap that anyone could hear and identify with. But once I started doing all that weird shit—I'm not mad at it because it got everyone's attention." [317] (#cite_note-318) Robby Seabrook III of XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) included Minaj in list of "most unique flows from rappers over the last five years", saying that she "has solidified her spot as a leader of the pack for her animated flows, inspiring many other women in hip-hop to play with their vocals. She goes from campy to bellicose, excited to eccentric, oftentimes all on one song." [318] (#cite_note-319) Noted as a rap artist, she also occasionally lends herself to electronic music genres (/wiki/Electronic_dance_music) (especially electropop (/wiki/Electropop) ). [319] (#cite_note-320) Pink Friday marked her exploration of the genres, spawning electro songs including the pop-laden " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ". [320] (#cite_note-321) [321] (#cite_note-322) Also combining rap with synthesizer music, Minaj's second album, Pink Friday Roman Reloaded , had a number of electro-hop and electro pop songs: "HOV Lane", " Whip It (/wiki/Whip_It_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Automatic (/wiki/Automatic_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Come on a Cone (/wiki/Come_on_a_Cone) ", "Young Forever", "Fire Burns", [322] (#cite_note-323) " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) ", [323] (#cite_note-holidayall-324) " The Boys (/wiki/The_Boys_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Cassie_song)) " and " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) "; [324] (#cite_note-rollingstone1-325) while " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " is a Eurodance (/wiki/Eurodance) song. [325] (#cite_note-326) Her verse on Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) " was critically acclaimed and contributed greatly to her popularity; many critics said she had the best verse in the song. [326] (#cite_note-327) [327] (#cite_note-328) West claimed at one point he considered deleting her verse from the track, because he was worried it would outshine his own work: It was like that moment when I thought about taking Nicki's verse off of 'Monster' because I knew people would say that was the best verse on the best Hip Hop album of all time or arguably top ten albums of all time. And I would do all that work, eight months of work on Dark Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) and people to this day would say to me 'My favorite thing was Nicki Minaj's verse'. So if I let my ego get the best of me instead of letting that girl get the shot to get that platform to be all she could be, I would take it off or marginalize her, try to stop her from having that shining moment… [328] (#cite_note-329) Tara Colley of The Conversation (/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)) described Minaj as a "pre-eminent female rapper" and that she has "consistently straddled the distinct personas of gangsta boss and sexy pop siren without truly committing to either" and that "her chameleonic ability" matches "some of rap's most verbose, witty, filthy and pop-friendly" stars such as Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) . [329] (#cite_note-The_Conversation-330) Zoe Johnson of XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) , stated that in recent years Minaj's "beat selection has moved to refined production full of grit and hip-hop flare in recent years". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) Alter egos "Roman Zolanski" redirects here. Not to be confused with Roman Polanski (/wiki/Roman_Polanski) . With her parents frequently fighting during her childhood, Minaj lived through characters she created as a means of escape. She recalled that "fantasy was my reality" and her first identity was Cookie, who became Harajuku Barbie and (later) Nicki Minaj. [331] (#cite_note-NewYorkAlterego-332) In November 2010, Minaj assumed the alter ego (/wiki/Alter_ego) Nicki Teresa, wearing a colorful headdress and calling herself "healer to her fans" during a visit to the Garden of Dreams Foundation at Fuse Studios in New York. [332] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-333) She introduced another alter ego, Rosa (pronounced with an exaggerated R ), to commemorate her December 2010 appearance on Lopez Tonight (/wiki/Lopez_Tonight) . [333] (#cite_note-334) One of Minaj's most well-known alter-egos is "a demon inside her" named Roman Zolanski (named after film director Roman Polanski (/wiki/Roman_Polanski) with modified surname), Minaj's "twin brother", whose character she assumes when she is angry. [334] (#cite_note-RomanLewinksy-335) Roman has been compared to Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) 's alter ego Slim Shady (/wiki/Slim_Shady) , and on " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " Minaj and Eminem collaborate as their alter egos. [335] (#cite_note-336) On her next album, she said that there would be a lot of Roman: "And if you're not familiar with Roman, then you will be familiar with him very soon. He's the boy that lives inside of me. He's a lunatic and he's gay and he'll be on there a lot." [336] (#cite_note-337) Roman has a mother, Martha Zolanski, [337] (#cite_note-338) who appeared on "Roman's Revenge" with a British accent [338] (#cite_note-339) and singing on " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " for the first time. [339] (#cite_note-340) [340] (#cite_note-341) Martha appeared in the " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " video as Minaj's apparent fairy godmother (/wiki/Fairy_godmother) . [334] (#cite_note-RomanLewinksy-335) In December 2023, in response to a fan inquiry on Martha ever returning, Minaj confirmed that Martha had died of old age. [341] (#cite_note-342) Influences According to Minaj, rappers Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (left), Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) (center) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (right) are her three biggest influences. Minaj cites Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) , and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) as major influences: "I can't even imagine my career, my creative spirit without Wayne [...] I feel like I'm still intertwined with him creatively". Minaj has called Lil Wayne her mentor and credited him with discovering her. [342] (#cite_note-343) [343] (#cite_note-344) On Foxy Brown and Jay-Z, Minaj said: "I really loved [Foxy] as a female rapper. I was really interested in her mind and her aura [and] I was really, really into Jay-Z. Me and my friends in high school, we were reciting all of the Jay lyrics. His words were our words in our conversations all the time." [344] (#cite_note-345) She said, further: "I never really told Foxy how much she has influenced me and how much she changed my life" adding that Foxy Brown was "the most influential female rapper" for her. [345] (#cite_note-346) Minaj said in a T Magazine interview in 2017: "Jay-Z, Lil Wayne, Foxy Brown... [...] Those are the three I keep in my head when I'm writing because they've influenced me so much, [...] I feel like I'm a part of all of them." [346] (#cite_note-347) In 2023, Minaj revealed that popular music singer Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) is one of her major influences, stating: "I don’t think people realize how much singing or singers like Whitney [influenced me]. Whitney’s first album, I know it front to back." [347] (#cite_note-348) Jada Pinkett Smith (/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith) is one of Minaj's role models in her acting career. [348] (#cite_note-349) Minaj was inspired by R&B (/wiki/R%26B) singer Monica (/wiki/Monica_(entertainer)) , singing " Why I Love You So Much (/wiki/Why_I_Love_You_So_Much) " at every talent show she entered. While performing in Atlanta as part of her Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) , she called Monica one of her all-time greatest musical influences. Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) is also one of Minaj's major influences, with Minaj quoting her lyrics in a high school yearbook. [349] (#cite_note-350) [ non-primary source needed ] [350] (#cite_note-351) [ non-primary source needed ] Minaj has also cited Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , [351] (#cite_note-352) [352] (#cite_note-353) Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , [353] (#cite_note-354) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , [354] (#cite_note-Minaj_two-355) Enya (/wiki/Enya) , [355] (#cite_note-356) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) , [356] (#cite_note-wayneem-357) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Trina (/wiki/Trina) , Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , [357] (#cite_note-358) Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , [358] (#cite_note-359) [359] (#cite_note-360) [360] (#cite_note-361) Lisa Left Eye Lopes (/wiki/Left_Eye) , [361] (#cite_note-362) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , [362] (#cite_note-363) Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , [363] (#cite_note-364) [364] (#cite_note-365) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , [365] (#cite_note-366) Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) as influences. [366] (#cite_note-367) She called Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) a fashion inspiration: "[Betsey] is a free spirit. When I met her the other day, I felt like I knew her for my whole life. She's so warm and considerate and caring. She's amazingly talented and I've been wearing her clothes forever, so to meet her was like, 'Yay!' [I was] bowing down to her; she's dope!" [367] (#cite_note-368) Minaj has also expressed appreciation for Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) 's style and how her videos inspired her as a teenager: "When I first went to get my hair colored, I was about 14 and I wanted blonde highlights. The beautician said, 'No, you have to get your mother on the phone,' and I was just crying and begging. I've always been experimenting. Cyndi Lauper's videos – that's what intrigued me." [368] (#cite_note-369) Public image Early in her career, Minaj often wore colorful costumes, cosmetics, and wigs. Billboard listed Minaj as the fourth-most-active musician on social media on its March 2011 Social 50 (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) chart. [369] (#cite_note-370) She is the most followed rapper (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) with over 229 million followers—the first to surpass 200 million followers—and one of the most followed musicians on the social media platform. [370] (#cite_note-371) [371] (#cite_note-372) On Twitter (/wiki/Use_of_Twitter_by_public_figures) , she is one of the most followed rappers, with over 28 million followers on the app, as of February 2024. [372] (#cite_note-373) [ non-primary source needed ] She was the most followed rapper on Twitter in 2012. [373] (#cite_note-374) BET (/wiki/BET) has named Minaj as a "gay icon". [374] (#cite_note-375) Minaj was a vocal proponent of streams (/wiki/Streaming_media) counting towards an artist's RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) certifications. The organization later announced in 2016 that it would be modernizing the certification process for albums, including on-demand audio and video streams. [375] (#cite_note-376) [376] (#cite_note-377) Minaj has been called as a "fashion icon" by Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) , Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) , XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) and has been called a "camp style icon" by Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . [377] (#cite_note-378) [378] (#cite_note-379) [379] (#cite_note-380) [380] (#cite_note-381) She has cited Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) , and Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) as her favorite designers. [381] (#cite_note-382) The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) described her style as "risk-taking" and "far-out", with "bold sartorial choices"; [382] (#cite_note-383) Minaj has been included on the annual Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) Hot 100 list (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)#Maxim_Hot_100) several times. [383] (#cite_note-384) [384] (#cite_note-385) In 2014, Minaj underwent a reinvention in her image sporting a "natural" and "softer" look, wearing fewer wigs and less colourful costumes. [385] (#cite_note-huffpostnm12-386) She stated that she "went so far to the other side that there's only one place to go from there. You can either continue doing costumes or you can just say, "Hey guess what? This will shock them even more. Doing nothing will shock them even more"". [385] (#cite_note-huffpostnm12-386) [386] (#cite_note-387) Her physique, notably her buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) , has attracted significant attention from the media. [387] (#cite_note-388) [388] (#cite_note-389) Early in her career, she made autographing breasts (/wiki/Breasts) part of her movement to empower women. [389] (#cite_note-390) In 2010, she said that although she originally felt obligated to mimic the provocative behavior of the "female rappers of [her] day", she intended to subdue her sexuality because she "[wants] people—especially young girls—to know that in life, nothing is going to be based on sex appeal. You've got to have something else to go with that." [390] (#cite_note-391) [391] (#cite_note-392) Minaj talked about feminism in an interview with Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in 2015, saying "There are things that I do that feminists don't like, and there are things that I do that they do like. I don't label myself. I just say the truth about what I feel. I feel like women can do anything that they put their minds to." [392] (#cite_note-393) In 2018, an interview with Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , in which she discussed sex workers (/wiki/Sex_worker) , her own sex appeal, and sexuality in music and on social media, attracted criticism. [393] (#cite_note-394) [394] (#cite_note-395) In The New York Times Magazine (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine) , music critic Vanessa Grigoriadis said that Minaj "has become expert at modelling the ways that women can wield power in the industry. But she has also drawn attention to the ways in which power can be embodied by a woman standing up for herself and speaking her own mind." [395] (#cite_note-NYT123-396) The cover art and music video for her 2014 single, " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", attracted significant media attention upon release. [396] (#cite_note-:6-397) The music video was viewed 19.6 million times in its first 24 hours of release. [397] (#cite_note-398) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) called the video "racy" but noted that she "doesn't shy from ruffling her audience's feathers", [398] (#cite_note-399) while others praised Minaj for "owning her sexuality", [399] (#cite_note-400) examining her work through a feminist (/wiki/Feminism) perspective. [396] (#cite_note-:6-397) [400] (#cite_note-401) [401] (#cite_note-402) [402] (#cite_note-403) Another writer for The Guardian said, of the "Anaconda" video, Minaj turns "the classic song into a conversation, and [refuses] to let the camera objectify her lap dance by keeping it zoomed out, at a distance." [403] (#cite_note-404) Minaj's fanbase, known as the "Barbz", have been reported as often being militant towards Minaj's critics, including incidents of reported doxxing, cyberbullying (/wiki/Cyberbullying) , and death threats (/wiki/Death_threat) . [404] (#cite_note-405) [405] (#cite_note-406) [406] (#cite_note-407) [407] (#cite_note-408) Philanthropy Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (left) and Minaj perform for service members during the 2010 VH1 Divas Salute the Troops concert. In 2010, Minaj performed a cover of " Girls Just Wanna Have Fun (/wiki/Girls_Just_Wanna_Have_Fun) ", alongside singer Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , for service members during the 2010 VH1 (/wiki/VH1) Divas Salute the Troops concert. [408] (#cite_note-409) [409] (#cite_note-410) The two would later collaborate in 2017 on " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) ". In 2011, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) created a Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll with Minaj's likeness to auction for Project Angel Food (/wiki/Project_Angel_Food) , a charity that provides food for people afflicted with HIV and AIDS. [410] (#cite_note-411) In 2012, in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy (/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York) , Minaj donated $15,000 to the Food Bank For New York City (/wiki/Food_Bank_For_New_York_City) and held a turkey drive at her alma mater, PS 45 (/wiki/Ozone_Park,_Queens#Schools) . [411] (#cite_note-412) In May 2017, Minaj offered via Twitter to pay college tuition fees and student loans for 30 of her fans. She appeared to grant their requests, ranging from $500 to school supplies to $6,000 for tuition, promising to respond to more requests in a month or two. [412] (#cite_note-413) She also announced that she would launch an official charity for student loans and tuition payments in the near future. [413] (#cite_note-414) In the same month, Minaj revealed on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that she has been donating money to a village in India for a few years via her pastor, Lydia Sloley. These donations helped the village get a computer center, a tailoring institute, a reading program, and two water wells. "This is the kind of thing that makes me feel the most proud", she said about the new additions to the village. [414] (#cite_note-415) In August 2017, after Hurricane Harvey (/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey) hit the city of Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas, Minaj answered a social media challenge by comedian and actor Kevin Hart (/wiki/Kevin_Hart) and donated $25,000 to the Red Cross (/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement) , saying she was "praying for everyone there". [415] (#cite_note-416) [416] (#cite_note-417) On September 4, 2018, Minaj appeared as a guest and performed several songs on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) . [417] (#cite_note-418) Throughout the episode, Minaj and Degeneres, with the participation of Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , gave out over $150,000 in donations to fans. [418] (#cite_note-419) [174] (#cite_note-billboard.com-175) In 2019, Minaj pulled out of headlining a concert in Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) following online backlash from activists, after women's rights activist Loujain al-Hathloul (/wiki/Loujain_al-Hathloul) was detained and arrested for speaking out against the Saudi regime. Minaj was praised by Thor Halvorssen (/wiki/Thor_Halvorssen_(human_rights_activist)) of The Human Rights Foundation (/wiki/The_Human_Rights_Foundation) , who criticized her initial plan to perform in a letter, and released a statement saying, "After careful reflection ... I believe it is important for me to make clear my support for the rights of women, the LGBTQ community and freedom of expression." [419] (#cite_note-420) [420] (#cite_note-421) In 2020, Minaj donated $25,000 to the St. Jude's Home for Girls school after visiting the school in her native country of Trinidad. In a speech, Minaj encouraged the girls to push through hard obstacles, even referencing her own experience with domestic violence: "I've experienced being in a home with domestic violence. I've experienced, you know, being at a very difficult crossroads in my life as a teenager. And sometimes as a teenager when things happen, you feel like there's no up from there." [421] (#cite_note-422) In the same year, following the release of Minaj and 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) 's collaboration, " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ", Minaj announced that a portion of the proceeds from the song, along with profits from all merchandise, will go towards the Bail Project amid the Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) protests sparked by the murder of George Floyd (/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd) . [422] (#cite_note-423) In April 2024, Minaj was one of over 200 artists who signed an open letter (/wiki/Open_letter) speaking to and asking for safety from (/wiki/AI_safety) the "predatory use of AI" in the music industry. [423] (#cite_note-424) Cultural impact and status Various media outlets, such as Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) , Time , NME (/wiki/NME) , Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) and Cosmopolitan , have referred to Minaj as the " Queen of Rap (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music#M) " and The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) , NPR (/wiki/NPR) , and The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times) have referred to her as the "Queen of Hip Hop". [424] (#cite_note-425) [425] (#cite_note-426) Several media outlets, including The New York Times , Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , and Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) , have also called her one of the most influential rappers. [426] (#cite_note-427) Minaj was ranked as the tenth greatest rapper of all time on Billboard and Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) 's list of the 50 greatest rappers (2023). [9] (#cite_note-billboardgreatest1-10) In 2024, Billboard named her the "hottest female rapper" and stated that she "remains at the apex of the rap mountain 15 years after the release of her breakout mixtape, Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) ". [427] (#cite_note-bbhottestfemalerappers2024-428) In 2012, Jon Caramanica of The New York Times called Minaj "the most influential female rapper of all time", and in 2015 Vanessa Grigoriadis from its magazine (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine) called her "the world's biggest female rap superstar". [315] (#cite_note-NYT20120330-316) [395] (#cite_note-NYT123-396) In Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , Jochan Embley called her one of the most influential rap artists of all time, saying that "Everything she does is bold, fearless and distinct – whether that be her eye-popping stage attire or her expertly delivered lyrics, which stare gender and race dead in the eye." [428] (#cite_note-:8-429) Zoe Johnson from XXL called her "one of the most versatile MCs" and that she has "made millions off upbeat pop hits and traditional hip-hop sounds that cater to both her femininity and her assertive side". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) For NPR Music , Sowmya Krishnamurthy (/wiki/Sowmya_Krishnamurthy) noted that Minaj has portrayed "the quirky, life-size Barbie, glamorous vixen (/wiki/Video_vixen) and girl-next-door", arguing that she "changed the landscape for artists in hip-hop for the past decade" with said alter egos. [429] (#cite_note-NPR20181003-430) In 2017, Patrik Sandberg of Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) argued that Minaj has "surpassed every other female hip hop artist to become the most successful in history" in 2017. [430] (#cite_note-:053-431) In 2020, Nick Soulsby of PopMatters (/wiki/PopMatters) called her the "best female rapper and the best rapper of the past ten years – no gender preposition required." [431] (#cite_note-432) Glamour included Minaj in their list of 104 women who defined 2010s pop culture. [432] (#cite_note-433) In XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) , Madeline Roth commented that Minaj "has helped birth a new generation of rappers that mimic her style". [330] (#cite_note-ZoeJohnsonXXLNM-331) She has influenced several artists, including Tinashe (/wiki/Tinashe) , [433] (#cite_note-434) Cher Lloyd (/wiki/Cher_Lloyd) , [434] (#cite_note-435) Cupcakke (/wiki/Cupcakke) , [435] (#cite_note-436) Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , [436] (#cite_note-437) Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) , [437] (#cite_note-438) Ms Banks (/wiki/Ms_Banks) , [438] (#cite_note-439) Asian Doll (/wiki/Asian_Doll) , [439] (#cite_note-440) Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) , [440] (#cite_note-441) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) , [441] (#cite_note-442) Latto (/wiki/Mulatto_(rapper)) , [442] (#cite_note-443) Shenseea (/wiki/Shenseea) , [443] (#cite_note-444) BIA (/wiki/Bia_(rapper)) , [444] (#cite_note-445) Lakeyah (/wiki/Lakeyah) , [445] (#cite_note-446) Luísa Sonza (/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Sonza) , [446] (#cite_note-447) Coi Leray (/wiki/Coi_Leray) , [447] (#cite_note-448) [ non-primary source needed ] Maliibu Miitch (/wiki/Maliibu_Miitch) , [448] (#cite_note-449) City Girls (/wiki/City_Girls) , [449] (#cite_note-450) Baby Tate (/wiki/Baby_Tate_(rapper)) , [450] (#cite_note-451) Ice Spice (/wiki/Ice_Spice) , [451] (#cite_note-452) Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) , [452] (#cite_note-453) Flo Milli (/wiki/Flo_Milli) , [453] (#cite_note-454) Ivorian Doll (/wiki/Ivorian_Doll) , [454] (#cite_note-455) Angel Haze (/wiki/Angel_Haze) , [455] (#cite_note-456) Rubi Rose (/wiki/Rubi_Rose) , and Saweetie (/wiki/Saweetie) . [456] (#cite_note-457) Billboard credited her for bringing female rap back to the mainstream in the U.S. [457] (#cite_note-458) With over 140 features, the magazine has called Minaj a "rap and pop icon" adding that "she's been one of popular music's most reliable guest performers, notching dozens of chart hits as a supporting presence on other artists' singles." [458] (#cite_note-459) Minaj has been credited by Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) for being able to "take a simple song and turn it into a smash hit just because she's featured on it." [459] (#cite_note-460) In 2012, Caramanica in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) said that: Minaj "became a nimble, evocative rapper. She became an intricate lyricist. She became a thoughtful singer. She became a risky performer. She invented new personae. More than any other rapper in the mainstream, she pushed hard against expectations ... with no one around to compare herself to, or for others to compare her to, she became her own watermark." [460] (#cite_note-Monster-461) In 2014, NPR ' s Erik Nielson said that Minaj's "success over the last decade has stood as an exception to the unwritten rule that women rappers no longer have a place among elite artists". [461] (#cite_note-462) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) writer, Demicia Inman, also credited Minaj for her influence which "stands as one of the most successful rappers of the millennium", also going on to say that Minaj "battled misogyny and industry bias against black women to carve her own identity and sound" thus impacting her career. Complex also commented that, "From her bold outfits to her multi-colored wigs, Minaj oozed confidence that inspired others who were watching closely... [she] doesn't need anything but her art to speak for itself". [462] (#cite_note-ComplexNM1-463) [463] (#cite_note-NylonMagMinaj-464) Michael Saponara of Billboard wrote that Minaj "reaffirmed living legend status" by "hitting the road for the Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) "—which became the highest-grossing tour by a female rapper—and proved herself as rap's "centrifugal female force". [427] (#cite_note-bbhottestfemalerappers2024-428) Achievements Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Nicki Minaj (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Minaj is the recipient of numerous accolades, including nine American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Award) , twelve BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) , eight BET Hip Hop Awards (/wiki/BET_Hip_Hop_Awards) , four Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award) , eight MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) , ten MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , four People's Choice Awards (/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards) , one Soul Train Music Award (/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Award) , and four Teen Choice Awards (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) . Minaj has received a total of 10 Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) nominations. She received her first Grammy nomination in 2010 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group) (" My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) " with Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) ). In 2012 (/wiki/54th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Minaj received three nominations, including Best New Artist (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) and Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) ( Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) ). In 2014 (/wiki/58th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , she received her second nomination for Best Rap Album ( The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) ). She has won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Hip-Hop_Video) four times (" Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) ", " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " and " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) ") and has won the Best Female Video Award (/wiki/Best_Female_Video) once (" Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) "). Minaj is the first woman to have appeared on the Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) "Hip Hop Cash Kings" list since its inception in 2007, having made four consecutive appearances between 2011 and 2014. [464] (#cite_note-465) [465] (#cite_note-466) [466] (#cite_note-467) [467] (#cite_note-468) In 2010, Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven songs on the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously, and the first woman to appear on MTV's Annual Hottest MC List (/wiki/MTV%27s_Hottest_MCs_in_the_Game) since its inception in 2007. [468] (#cite_note-469) [469] (#cite_note-470) In 2011, Minaj was ranked sixth on the Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) master ranking of the "Kings of Hip Hop" which is based on record sales and social media metrics. [470] (#cite_note-471) She is the only rapper to win the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Female_Hip-Hop_Artist) seven consecutive times. [471] (#cite_note-472) [472] (#cite_note-473) In 2013, Minaj became the most-charted female rapper on the Billboard Hot 100 at the time, with 44 entries, tying Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) as seventh among women of all genres. [473] (#cite_note-474) Minaj has twenty-one top 10 singles on the chart, the most for any female rapper, with six of those being solo songs. [474] (#cite_note-475) [475] (#cite_note-:0-476) In 2017, Minaj broke the record for most Hot 100 entries by any female artist, surpassing Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) , and in 2018, she became the first female artist to accumulate 100 entries on the Hot 100. She held the mentioned record for most Hot 100 entries by a female artist until it was broken in December 2020 by singer-songwriter Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) . [476] (#cite_note-ReferenceD-477) [477] (#cite_note-ReferenceE-478) [478] (#cite_note-479) [479] (#cite_note-480) She is the female artist with the second-most Hot 100 entries, behind Swift. [480] (#cite_note-481) [481] (#cite_note-482) In 2019, Billboard Women in Music (/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music) awarded her with the Game Changer Award. [482] (#cite_note-483) [483] (#cite_note-484) In 2019, her collaboration with Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) , named " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) ", received two nominations at the Latin Grammys (/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award) . [484] (#cite_note-485) The song became the longest-running number-one single on the Argentina Hot 100 (/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100) , having spent 25 weeks on the position. [485] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-486) [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) In 2020, Minaj become the second female rapper to chart at number one on the Hot 100 more than once with her 6ix9ine (/wiki/6ix9ine) collaboration " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) ". [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) She also became the second woman to debut atop the chart since Lauryn Hill in 1998. [207] (#cite_note-:9-208) In the same year, she also was the most streamed female rapper on Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) . [486] (#cite_note-487) In 2021, the music video for "Anaconda" became the first female rap solo song to reach one billion views on YouTube. [487] (#cite_note-488) [488] (#cite_note-:12-489) In total, Minaj has eight music videos with more than one billion views across all credits on YouTube, becoming the first female rapper to do so. She is only one of two female artists to have eight music videos reaching more than one billion views, tying with Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [489] (#cite_note-490) [490] (#cite_note-491) In 2016, she was listed on the Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) annual list of the most influential people in the world. She was also featured on one of the physical covers of the issue. [491] (#cite_note-492) [492] (#cite_note-493) Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) ranked her eighth on their list of best rappers of the 2010s, being the only female rapper on the list, [493] (#cite_note-494) and named her "Best Rapper Alive" of 2014. [494] (#cite_note-495) Other activities Fragrances Minaj promoting her first fragrance "Pink Friday" in 2012 Minaj has a line of fragrances first launched in September 2012. She partnered with 'Give Back Brands' to introduce her first fragrance (/wiki/Aroma_compound) "Pink Friday", [495] (#cite_note-496) which was nominated for three FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) for Fragrance of the Year, Best Packaging, and Media Campaign of the Year. [496] (#cite_note-497) Flanker editions "Pink Friday: Special Edition" and "Pink Friday: Deluxe Edition" were released in April and December 2013 respectively. [497] (#cite_note-498) [498] (#cite_note-499) Her fourth fragrance "Minajesty" was launched in September 2013, [499] (#cite_note-500) followed by "Minajesty: Exotic Edition", which was released exclusively to the Home Shopping Network (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) in June 2014. This was followed by the launch of her sixth fragrance "Onika" in September 2014. [500] (#cite_note-501) A year later in 2015, Minaj released "The Pinkprint", her seventh fragrance in support of her third studio album of the same name (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) . [501] (#cite_note-502) In 2016, Minaj launched her eighth fragrance "Trini Girl". [502] (#cite_note-503) In 2018, in support of her fourth studio album (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) , she released her ninth fragrance, "Queen". [503] (#cite_note-504) Minaj's tenth fragrance "Pink Friday 2" was released to JCPenney in December 2023, in support of her fifth album of the same name (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) . [504] (#cite_note-505) It was released early on the outlet's webstore and retail stores for a limited time, with no prior announcement, in late November. Minaj revealed she did not know about the initial release. [505] (#cite_note-506) [506] (#cite_note-507) The fragrance was also released on Amazon in December 2023. [507] (#cite_note-508) [508] (#cite_note-509) Products and endorsements Minaj has been affiliated with several manufacturing companies and has endorsed several products during her career. In November 2010, she collaborated with MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) and launched the lipstick "Pink 4 Friday", which was sold for four consecutive Fridays to promote her debut studio album Pink Friday . [509] (#cite_note-510) In 2011, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) crafted a Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll with the avatar of Minaj, inspired by the rapper's likeness for charity, which she described as a "major moment" in her career. [510] (#cite_note-Barbie-511) It was auctioned on the Charitybuzz (/wiki/Charitybuzz) website; proceeds benefited nonprofit Project Angel Food (/wiki/Project_Angel_Food) . [511] (#cite_note-:17-512) A spokesperson for Mattel stated that, "Barbie is obviously a pop culture icon [...] and Nicki is a big part of pop culture and also huge within the fashion industry, as well as a big Barbie fan." [511] (#cite_note-:17-512) Matthew Perpetua of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) stated that the "Minaj Barbie doll is notable in that the rapper has made Barbie dolls a crucial part of her aesthetic." [512] (#cite_note-513) Minaj helped introduce the Casio (/wiki/Casio) TRYX in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) , and created a six-piece nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) collection for OPI Products (/wiki/OPI_Products) with colors named after her songs. [513] (#cite_note-514) [514] (#cite_note-515) In February 2012, Minaj launched her own range of lip products for MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) ' Viva Glam. [515] (#cite_note-516) [516] (#cite_note-517) [517] (#cite_note-518) In April 2012, Minaj helped launch the Nokia Lumia 900 (/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_900) in Times Square. [518] (#cite_note-519) The following month, Minaj appeared in television and internet advertisements for Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) 's "LiveForNow" campaign, which featured a remix of her single " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) ". [519] (#cite_note-520) [520] (#cite_note-521) She endorsed the 2012 Viva Glam campaign with Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) —which raised $270 million for the Mac AIDS Fund (/wiki/Mac_AIDS_Fund) [521] (#cite_note-522) [522] (#cite_note-523) —and was the face of the lip product line that year along with him. [523] (#cite_note-524) With designer Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) , Minaj signed an endorsement deal with Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) for the brand's fall and winter 2012 campaign to appear in internet advertisements and commercials for Adidas Originals (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) . [524] (#cite_note-525) Set to her song, "Masquerade", her segment of the advertisement was filmed in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) and also featured Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) , Derrick Rose (/wiki/Derrick_Rose) , Sky Ferreira (/wiki/Sky_Ferreira) and 2NE1 (/wiki/2NE1) in other locations worldwide. [525] (#cite_note-526) She fronted the Viva Glam spring campaign by herself, which also introduced her limited-edition lip product collection, "Nicki 2", which was launched in early 2013. [526] (#cite_note-527) [527] (#cite_note-528) In February 2013, Minaj starred in Bluewater Comics (/wiki/Bluewater_Comics) ' Fame (/wiki/Bluewater_Productions) biographical-comic series, with her comic book, titled Fame: Nicki Minaj . [528] (#cite_note-529) [529] (#cite_note-530) She partnered with Beats Electronics (/wiki/Beats_Electronics) to introduce her "Pink Pill" speakers in April 2013, appearing with DeRay Davis (/wiki/DeRay_Davis) in a commercial for the speakers that same month. [530] (#cite_note-531) [531] (#cite_note-532) She introduced her lifestyle product line, "The Nicki Minaj Collection" for Kmart (/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)) , composed of clothing, accessories and houseware. [532] (#cite_note-533) [533] (#cite_note-534) [534] (#cite_note-535) In June 2013, Minaj and Mona Scott-Young (/wiki/Mona_Scott-Young) launched MYX Fusions, a line of fruit-infused, single serve moscato (/wiki/Muscat_(grape)) wine beverages. [535] (#cite_note-536) Minaj is a co-owner, creative director, and ambassador of the brand. [536] (#cite_note-537) Throughout 2014, Minaj released spring, summer, and fall-themed clothing collections for Kmart. [537] (#cite_note-538) Minaj was the face of Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli_(company)) 's spring-summer 2015 campaign. [538] (#cite_note-539) In March 2015, it was announced that Minaj was a co-owner of the music streaming (/wiki/Music_streaming) service Tidal (/wiki/Tidal_(service)) . The service specializes in lossless (/wiki/Data_compression#Lossless) audio and high definition music videos. In addition to Minaj and company owner Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , sixteen stakeholders including Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) own a 3% equity stake in the service. [539] (#cite_note-540) In November 2015, Minaj released a holiday capsule clothing collection for Kmart and its affiliated e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) platform, ShopYourWay; [540] (#cite_note-541) and a limited-edition couture collection which was available via Kmart and her website. [541] (#cite_note-542) In September 2017, she released two lipsticks called "Nicki's Nude" and "The Pinkprint" (named after her third studio album (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) ) in collaboration with MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) . [542] (#cite_note-543) In November 2017, Minaj starred in H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's holiday campaign along with Anna Ewers (/wiki/Anna_Ewers) , Mariacarla Boscono (/wiki/Mariacarla_Boscono) , Jesse Williams (/wiki/Jesse_Williams_(actor)) , Charlee Fraser (/wiki/Charlee_Fraser) , and Elibeidy Dani (/wiki/Elibeidy_Dani) . [543] (#cite_note-544) In March 2018, the rapper appeared in a commercial for the Mercedes-Benz A-Class (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_A-Class) car. [544] (#cite_note-545) In August 2018, Minaj starred in the trailer for EA Sports (/wiki/EA_Sports) ' Madden NFL 19 (/wiki/Madden_NFL_19) video game alongside Lil Dicky (/wiki/Lil_Dicky) , Quavo (/wiki/Quavo) and other celebrities. [545] (#cite_note-546) The following month, she appeared alongside Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) , Bella Thorne (/wiki/Bella_Thorne) , Tommy Dorfman (/wiki/Tommy_Dorfman) , Yoo Ah-in (/wiki/Yoo_Ah-in) , and Jonathan Bellini in the campaign for Italian clothing brand Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) 's "Haute Coture" collection; she also co-designed a t-shirt and denim jacket, titled "The Bad Guy". [546] (#cite_note-547) In November 2018, she co-starred with Quavo and Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) member Chris Redd (/wiki/Chris_Redd) in the holiday campaign for Madden NFL 19. [547] (#cite_note-548) [548] (#cite_note-549) In 2019, Minaj announced a collaboration with luxury fashion house Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) . Chief executive officer Serge Brunschwig stated the brand "shares great affinity with her. [Minaj] represents the fun aspect of the brand", and that the collaboration "made sense". [549] (#cite_note-550) A capsule collection titled "Fendi Prints On"—after by the lyric containing the same words on her 2018 single, " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) "—was released on October 14, 2019. [550] (#cite_note-551) In March 2022, Minaj fronted the campaign for the "Heaven" spring 2022 collection by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . [551] (#cite_note-552) [552] (#cite_note-553) In May, she was named the new creative director of American men's magazine Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) and became the global ambassador and advisor for MaximBet , a sports betting brand launched by the magazine. [553] (#cite_note-554) She also came on board as a stakeholder. [554] (#cite_note-555) [555] (#cite_note-556) [556] (#cite_note-557) In July, Minaj collaborated with Rap Snacks and released her own potato chip flavor, "Barbie-Que Honey Truffle". [557] (#cite_note-558) The following month, Mattel sued Rap Snacks, claiming the company violated the Barbie trademark and had made a "deliberate and calculated" choice to do so. The lawsuit was settled in September after the company changed the snack's name to "Bar-B-Quin". [558] (#cite_note-559) Minaj released a "variety pack" with Rap Snacks in October, [559] (#cite_note-560) and a "Nocho Nachos" nachos (/wiki/Nachos) flavor in March 2023, inspired by her 2023 single, "Red Ruby Da Sleeze". [560] (#cite_note-561) Also in October, the rapper appeared alongside Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) , Kane Brown (/wiki/Kane_Brown) , Pete Davidson (/wiki/Pete_Davidson) , and Bukayo Saka (/wiki/Bukayo_Saka) in a trailer for the first-person shooter (/wiki/First-person_shooter) video game, Call of Duty: (/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_II_(2022_video_game)) Modern Warfare II . [561] (#cite_note-562) In March 2024, Minaj launched her press-on nails (/wiki/Artificial_nails) line, Pink Friday Nails. [562] (#cite_note-563) A vegan and cruelty-free brand, it was launched DTC (/wiki/Direct-to-consumer) via its webstore, [563] (#cite_note-564) and later made available via Shopify as well. [564] (#cite_note-565) Pop-up (/wiki/Pop-up_retail) stations dedicated to the range were held exclusively to VIP ticket holders on the Pink Friday 2 World Tour. [565] (#cite_note-566) In April, she and British apparel brand Loci released a sneaker collection. [566] (#cite_note-567) Minaj clarified that the association was not "a sponsorship. [She is] an owner and partner". [567] (#cite_note-568) Loci announced that month that Minaj joined the brand as a co-owner and investor. [568] (#cite_note-569) Heavy On It Records On March 3, 2023, Minaj announced the launch of her record label imprint on an episode of her radio show, "Queen Radio". Minaj did not reveal the name of the label but did say her long-time friend Patty "Patty Duke" Lauren has signed on as the label's A&R. Minaj also unveiled her starting roster: Nana Fofie, Tate Kobang, Rico Danna, and London Hill. [569] (#cite_note-570) [570] (#cite_note-571) [571] (#cite_note-572) On March 13, 2023, Minaj revealed the name of her imprint as "Heavy On It Records". The label currently has a venture with Republic Records (/wiki/Republic_Records) . [572] (#cite_note-573) Gaming A playable character model of Minaj in her "Red Ruby" persona was released as downloadable content (/wiki/Downloadable_content) to the first-person shooter (/wiki/First-person_shooter) video game, Call of Duty: (/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_II_(2022_video_game)) Modern Warfare II in July 2023 alongside those of rappers Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) and 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of hip-hop music's origin; her character marked the first woman "operator" of the game. [573] (#cite_note-574) On December 8, 2023, she and Roblox introduced the virtual world Gag City on the game platform to promote her fifth album, Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023). [574] (#cite_note-575) [575] (#cite_note-576) Days before the launch, Minaj's fanbase, the Barbz, heavily circulated AI (/wiki/AI) -generated content of the fan-made cityscape (/wiki/Cityscape) Gag City, a pink futuristic metropolis inspired by the cover artwork of the album, which the rapper herself coined on her social media. [576] (#cite_note-577) [577] (#cite_note-578) Personal life In her songs " All Things Go (/wiki/All_Things_Go) " and " Autobiography (/wiki/Sucka_Free) ", Minaj revealed that she had an abortion as a teenager. She has said that although it has "haunted" her, she stands by her decision. [578] (#cite_note-nicminab-579) In July 2011, her cousin Nicholas Telemaque was murdered near his home in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , an incident she references in her songs "All Things Go" and " Champion (/wiki/Champion_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ". [579] (#cite_note-580) Minaj's father, Robert Maraj, died in February 2021, while walking along a road on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) , in a hit-and-run (/wiki/Hit_and_run) accident. [16] (#cite_note-father's_death-17) Charles Polevich, a 70-year-old man, was charged as the suspect of Maraj's death. Polevich was arraigned and charged with two felonies, which were leaving scene of incident involving death of a person and tampering with or suppressing physical evidence. [580] (#cite_note-bbc_news_nickis_father_dead-581) Three months later, she commented on her father's death in a letter, saying, "[...] it has been the most devastating loss of my life. I find myself wanting to call him all the time, more so now that he's gone. [...] May his soul rest in paradise. He was very loved & will be very missed." [581] (#cite_note-582) Relationships In late 2014, Minaj separated from her longtime boyfriend Safaree Samuels (/wiki/Safaree_Samuels) , whom she had dated since 2003. [b] (#cite_note-583) According to Minaj, he had proposed to her, but she declined. [582] (#cite_note-584) Several tracks on The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) are believed to have been inspired by the end of their relationship. [583] (#cite_note-585) Minaj began dating rapper Meek Mill (/wiki/Meek_Mill) in early 2015. [584] (#cite_note-586) In January 2017, she announced that she had ended their relationship. [585] (#cite_note-587) [586] (#cite_note-588) [587] (#cite_note-589) She briefly dated fellow rapper Nas (/wiki/Nas) in 2017. [588] (#cite_note-590) Minaj began dating her childhood friend Kenneth "Zoo" Petty (born 7 April 1978) in December 2018, [589] (#cite_note-591) and after less than a year of dating, filed for a marriage license in August 2019. [590] (#cite_note-592) [591] (#cite_note-593) She announced that they had officially married in October, hyphenating his last name to hers upon marriage. [592] (#cite_note-594) Petty was convicted of first-degree attempted rape in 1995. [593] (#cite_note-:5-595) He served four years in prison and was required to register as a sex offender (/wiki/Sex_offender) upon release. In 2006, Petty was convicted of first-degree manslaughter (/wiki/Manslaughter) , for which he served an additional six years and eleven months in prison. [594] (#cite_note-596) In July 2020, Minaj announced via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that she was expecting her first child. [595] (#cite_note-597) She gave birth to a son on September 30, whom she refers to publicly as "Papa Bear". His real name is still unknown. [596] (#cite_note-598) [597] (#cite_note-599) [598] (#cite_note-600) [599] (#cite_note-601) Legal issues After facing charges for failing to register as a sex offender (/wiki/Sex_offender_registry) in California, Minaj's husband Kenneth Petty was entered into the California Megan's Law (/wiki/Megan%27s_Law) database (/wiki/Sex_offender_registries_in_the_United_States) in 2020, having been convicted of attempted rape (/wiki/Rape_laws_in_the_United_States#New_York) in 1995 in New York. [593] (#cite_note-:5-595) He previously served nearly four years in prison for the mentioned crime. [600] (#cite_note-602) [601] (#cite_note-603) In August 2021, her husband's victim, named Jennifer Hough, filed a lawsuit against the couple for alleged harassment and intimidation, and alleged infliction of emotional distress, and did an interview about the mentioned lawsuit on the talk show The Real (/wiki/The_Real_(talk_show)) . [602] (#cite_note-604) [603] (#cite_note-605) [604] (#cite_note-606) Minaj has not addressed the accusations publicly, but has spoken about it in a private case filing. Minaj claimed she "never asked [Hough] to change her story" and "never offered her any money in return for a statement". [605] (#cite_note-607) Hough later voluntarily dismissed the case against Minaj whilst the case against Petty is still pending. [606] (#cite_note-608) [607] (#cite_note-609) Speaking to a federal judge, Hough's lawyers expressed that they were going to refile the lawsuit in California due to jurisdictional issues while Minaj's lawyer said that the refiling was a "frivolous gambit to avoid a sanctions motion" and that "their claims received an aggressive response". [608] (#cite_note-610) On May 25, 2024, Minaj was arrested at Schiphol Airport (/wiki/Schiphol_Airport) in Amsterdam, Netherlands (/wiki/Amsterdam,_Netherlands) after marijuana (/wiki/Marijuana) was found in her luggage. [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) The arrest occurred as she was attempting to board a plane for a concert (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) in Manchester, England (/wiki/Manchester,_England) . [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) Though she would be released the same day, Minaj would postpone the Manchester show. [609] (#cite_note-arrestandpostponed-611) [610] (#cite_note-amsterdamarrrest-612) Feuds This section may be too long (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size) to read and navigate comfortably . Consider splitting (/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) content into sub-articles, condensing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) it, or adding subheadings (/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections) . Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page (/wiki/Talk:Nicki_Minaj) . ( July 2024 ) Minaj has been embroiled in several feuds with other artists, including female rappers Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) , Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) , Latto (/wiki/Latto) , and Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) . After Lil' Kim and media critics noticed resemblances between Minaj and her on the Sucka Free mixtape, [611] (#cite_note-NYDailyNews-613) Lil' Kim accused Minaj of copying her image saying, "If you are going to steal my swag, you gonna have to pay. Something gotta give. You help me, I help you. That's how it goes to me." [611] (#cite_note-NYDailyNews-613) Minaj's single " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " with Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) was believed by critics to be a response to Lil' Kim's comments, [612] (#cite_note-614) although at the time she denied this. [613] (#cite_note-615) However, in a 2018 interview with Genius (/wiki/Genius_(website)) , Minaj seemingly confirmed that the track "Roman's Revenge" was about the feud, saying, "Someone got at me. A veteran got at me, and I hit them with 'Roman's Revenge' and then I kept on going." [614] (#cite_note-616) Lil' Kim reignited the feud following the release of her mixtape Black Friday, an album that directly referenced Nicki Minaj, including artwork that showed Lil' Kim decapitating Minaj with a sword. [615] (#cite_note-617) A fragment of Minaj's diss track "Tragedy" was released online in April 2011, featuring lyrics "Pink Friday, Eminem, 8 Mile/ It must hurt to sell your album on PayPal." [616] (#cite_note-618) Following the release of Minaj's second album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) , critics suggested that the track " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) " may have contained attacks at Lil' Kim. [617] (#cite_note-619) In 2007, Nicki Minaj released her debut mixtape (/wiki/Mixtape) , Playtime is Over , featuring the song "Dirty Money", on which she raps, "Tell that bitch with the crown to run it like Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) ," over the beat of rapper Remy Ma (/wiki/Remy_Ma) 's song "Yeah Yeah Yeah". Ma, who frequently referred to herself in lyrics as the "queen of rap", believed the verse to be directed towards her and confronted Minaj during a release party about the lyric. [618] (#cite_note-bbtl-620) Ma later rapped several verses which fans perceived to be against Minaj, including in a cypher (/wiki/Freestyle_rap#Types_of_freestyles) during the 2016 BET Hip Hop Awards (/wiki/2016_BET_Hip_Hop_Awards) , on her song " Money Showers (/wiki/Money_Showers) " with Fat Joe, on a remix of the Phresher (/wiki/Phresher) song "Wait a Minute", [619] (#cite_note-621) and in a freestyle on Funkmaster Flex (/wiki/Funkmaster_Flex) 's show on the radio station Hot 97 (/wiki/WQHT) . [620] (#cite_note-622) In 2017, Minaj featured on the songs " Swalla (/wiki/Swalla) " with Jason Derulo (/wiki/Jason_Derulo) and " Make Love (/wiki/Make_Love_(Gucci_Mane_song)) " with Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) , in which she took apparent shots at Ma, including criticizing her disses and mocking her low album sales. [621] (#cite_note-623) [622] (#cite_note-624) One day after the release of "Make Love", Ma recorded and released the song " Shether (/wiki/Shether) ", a diss track (/wiki/Diss_track) in which she attacked Minaj for allegedly using a ghostwriter (/wiki/Ghostwriter) , her alleged plastic surgery, her fashion, her record deal, and the child sexual assault charges against Minaj's brother, and more. [623] (#cite_note-625) Minaj responded on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) by posting a screenshot of an article showing the opening week sales of Ma's album Plata O Plomo as well as a video of Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) calling Minaj a "rap queen". [618] (#cite_note-bbtl-620) Ma later released a second diss track directed at Minaj, "Another One"; in response, Minaj released " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) " with Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , a diss track aimed at Remy Ma whose title and chorus references the lyric "I swear to God, this chick a real fraud" from "Another One". [624] (#cite_note-nbcnews.com-626) [625] (#cite_note-627) In "No Frauds", Minaj criticizes Ma for her time in jail and her record sales, while also accusing Ma of getting plastic surgery and not being able to get clearance from Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) to include the remix (/wiki/All_the_Way_Up_(Fat_Joe_and_Remy_Ma_song)#Remixes) of "All the Way Up" on Plata O Plomo . [626] (#cite_note-628) Following its release, Minaj posted to Instagram, writing that she was issuing a challenge to Ma, giving her "72 hours to drop a hit" and promising her half a million dollars if she was able to "book any show or interview" without mentioning Minaj, while also defending herself against criticism of the delayed timing of her response to Ma. [624] (#cite_note-nbcnews.com-626) "No Frauds" was negatively received by critics, who felt that it was not as impressive as Ma's "Shether" and that the appearance of Drake and Lil Wayne on the diss track was a mistake. [627] (#cite_note-629) [628] (#cite_note-630) At a New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) after-party in September 2018, fellow rapper Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) threw one of her high heel shoes at Minaj and attempted to physically attack her; bodyguards intervened before she could reach Minaj, leaving Cardi B with a large bump on her forehead. [629] (#cite_note-631) [630] (#cite_note-632) [631] (#cite_note-633) Following the altercation, she alleged on Instagram that Minaj had previously " liked (/wiki/Like_button) " social media comments that spoke negatively of Cardi B's ability to take care of her newborn daughter. [632] (#cite_note-634) Minaj denied the allegations on her Queen Radio show, claiming she "would never talk about anyone’s child or parenting", and expressed embarrassment at the fight. [633] (#cite_note-635) She accused Cardi B of building "her career off of sympathy and payola" and of bribing DJs and radio outlets with sex to play her records. Minaj also criticized Cardi B's rapping ability, saying, "Do you know what it’s like to sit in your room for hours writing raps? You came into my fucking culture. I never had to fuck a DJ to play my songs." [634] (#cite_note-636) Minaj also called Cardi B a "disgusting pig" for allegedly cyberbullying (/wiki/Cyberbullying) a guest caller on Minaj's show and for unearthed posts calling dark-skinned black women “cockroaches.” [635] (#cite_note-637) In 2022, a feud ignited between Minaj and fellow rapper Latto (/wiki/Latto) after Minaj went on Instagram Live to express her frustration with her song " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " reportedly being placed in the pop (/wiki/Pop_music) categories instead of the rap (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) categories for voting consideration at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/65th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . By way of comparison, Minaj mentioned Latto's 2021 song " Big Energy (/wiki/Big_Energy) " as an example of a song that should also not be considered for the rap categories. [636] (#cite_note-638) She further alleged that there is a "concerted effort to give newer artists things that they really don’t deserve" and that soon the female rap genre will no longer "have any black women", which was taken to be a dig against Latto, whose mother is white and father is black. [637] (#cite_note-639) Latto then tweeted, "Damn I can’t win for losing… all these awards/noms I can’t even celebrate," which was perceived as a response to Minaj's commentary. Minaj responded with a tweet calling Latto a " Karen (/wiki/Karen_(slang)) ", a term typically reserved for white women, and criticizing her for previously claiming to be a fan yet not standing up for her. [638] (#cite_note-rouhani-640) Latto then tweeted that she agreed with Minaj's case but felt the way she brought up Latto's song "seems malicious", alleging that Minaj had been making subliminal tweets about her and had said on the phone that Latto is not "flourishing" and that no one cares about her "little song." This sparked a heated back-and-forth exchange of tweets, in which Latto insulted Minaj's age and her family members by saying she is "married and related to rapists", while Minaj insulted Latto's appearance for looking like "the one pushing 40" and for "wiping that spray tan off & being a Karen", continuing to use the slang term usually for white women. [639] (#cite_note-andregee-641) The back-and-forth carried on through the night, with Latto airing out past subliminal digs by Minaj and Minaj posting a screenshot of a text Latto sent her, followed by Latto releasing an audio recording of a phone conversation the two had. In the end, Minaj deleted all of her tweets to Latto, only leaving behind a video clip of Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) laughing uncontrollably in a music video, while Latto continued to declare that Minaj is a "40 Year Old Bully." [639] (#cite_note-andregee-641) [638] (#cite_note-rouhani-640) Although having collaborated on the 2019 single " Hot Girl Summer (/wiki/Hot_Girl_Summer) ", Minaj's relationship with fellow rapper Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) grew cold after Megan allegedly tried to persuade Minaj to consume alcohol while she was trying to conceive a child. [640] (#cite_note-642) [641] (#cite_note-643) Minaj threw subliminal shots at Megan in her 2023 singles " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " and " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) ", both of which make references to the 2020 shooting of Megan (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion#Shooting) by Tory Lanez (/wiki/Tory_Lanez) according to critics and fans. [642] (#cite_note-644) [643] (#cite_note-645) [644] (#cite_note-646) [645] (#cite_note-647) In 2024, Megan Thee Stallion released the song " Hiss (/wiki/Hiss_(song)) ", in which she raps the line that people "don't be mad at Megan", but that they're "mad at Megan's Law (/wiki/Megan%27s_Law) ", naming the law regarding sex offenders (/wiki/Sex_offender) . [646] (#cite_note-648) Believing it to be directed at her and her husband, registered sex offender Kenneth Petty, Minaj took to Instagram Live (/wiki/Instagram_Live) to preview her own song, a diss track against Megan called "Big Foot", alluding to the shooting of Megan's foot. [647] (#cite_note-649) For the next several days, Minaj continued to attack Megan on social media, calling the rapper a "pathological and manipulative liar", accusing her of winning "fraudulent awards", and describing her as a "flop" compared to her own success. [648] (#cite_note-650) She addressed Megan on Instagram Live by saying, "You bringing up 30-year-old tea from when this man was a 15-year-old child. You bringing up 30-year-old tea cause no man will ever fucking love you, and lying on your dead mother", referencing Megan's mother, who died of brain cancer in March 2019. On the radio app Stationhead, Minaj continued to discuss Megan's mother, as well as Tory Lanez and former collaborator DaBaby (/wiki/DaBaby) : "You let everyone be thrown under the bus. You let DaBaby be thrown under the bus, Tory, your best friend, your mom... You better go conjure up your mother and apologize. That’s disgusting." [649] (#cite_note-651) Megan posted an Instagram story where she was doubled over with her left hand on her mouth, seemingly laughing at Minaj's response. [650] (#cite_note-652) Two days after the release of "Hiss", Minaj released the song " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) ", a diss track against Megan Thee Stallion. [651] (#cite_note-653) A few hours prior to the release of "Big Foot", Minaj disclosed that her team was waiting for producer Lil Juju to clear the beat "that [she] had for 6 years" and suggested that Megan tried to prevent the diss track from coming out. [298] (#cite_note-complex.com-299) In the song, Minaj taunts Megan over her dead mother, her appearance, and her ex-boyfriend Pardison Fontaine (/wiki/Pardison_Fontaine) ; various publications reported that the song was poorly received by critics and fans, who criticized the production, the rap flow, and the shots at Megan for being lacking in quality. [301] (#cite_note-Mendez_II-302) [302] (#cite_note-Ahlgrim-303) [303] (#cite_note-Kyndall-304) On the fifth day of Minaj's continued "intense fixation" with Megan following "Hiss", as Rolling Stone labeled it, she speculated on Twitter's Spaces that Megan's management company, Roc Nation (/wiki/Roc_Nation) , had launched a smear campaign against her and accused Megan of seeking sympathy as a victim of violence to further her career, saying "She wanted a Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) moment so bad", an allusion to Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) 's 2009 assault on Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna#Domestic_violence_case) . [652] (#cite_note-654) COVID-19 vaccine tweets In September 2021, Minaj announced she would not be attending the 2021 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) due to the COVID-19 vaccine (/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine) requirement. She stated that she has avoided public appearances and traveling after contracting the virus herself and having to quarantine from her son as a result. [653] (#cite_note-655) [654] (#cite_note-656) [655] (#cite_note-657) She shared several tweets (/wiki/Twitter#Tweets) about her unvaccinated status and claimed she wanted to do more research and be comfortable with her decision first. [656] (#cite_note-658) She alleged in a tweet that her cousin's friend in Trinidad (/wiki/Trinidad) suffered swollen testicles and became impotent as a result of the vaccine. [657] (#cite_note-659) These tweets received backlash where her story about her cousin's friend became the subject of jokes and memes. [658] (#cite_note-660) Trinidad and Tobago health minister Terrence Deyalsingh declared that her claims were false and that no such report existed. [659] (#cite_note-661) Shortly after, Minaj recommended other people get the vaccine and set up a Twitter poll (/wiki/Twitter) on COVID-19 vaccine brands. She tweeted that she was sure she would get vaccinated herself because of touring (/wiki/Concert) . [660] (#cite_note-662) [661] (#cite_note-663) The White House (/wiki/White_House) offered her a phone call with a doctor to answer questions about the safety of the vaccine. [662] (#cite_note-664) In an Instagram Live (/wiki/Instagram_Live) response two days later, she claimed that she was simply asking questions and she did not give any facts about the vaccine. [663] (#cite_note-665) Minaj alleged that reporters harassed her family for a story, with her sharing some text messages she alleged were harassment on social media. [664] (#cite_note-666) In May 2022, Olivia Truffaut-Wong of The Cut stated that Minaj had likely gotten vaccinated, as the 2022 Met Gala (which Minaj attended) required proof of vaccination (/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) and a negative COVID-19 PCR test (/wiki/COVID-19_testing) to attend. [665] (#cite_note-667) Discography Main articles: Nicki Minaj discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) and List of songs recorded by Nicki Minaj (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Studio albums Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012) The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014) Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) (2018) Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023) Filmography Main article: Nicki Minaj videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012) The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) (2014) Barbershop: The Next Cut (/wiki/Barbershop:_The_Next_Cut) (2016) The Angry Birds Movie 2 (/wiki/The_Angry_Birds_Movie_2) (2019) Tours Main article: List of Nicki Minaj live performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Headlining Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) (2011–2012) Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) (2012) The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) (2015–2016) Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) (2024) Co-headlining The Nicki Wrld Tour (/wiki/The_Nicki_Wrld_Tour) (2019) Opening act Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) – America's Most Wanted Tour (/wiki/I_Am_Music_Tour) (2008) Lil Wayne – I Am Music II Tour (/wiki/I_Am_Music_II_Tour) (2011) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) – Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) (2011) See also Trinidad and Tobago portal (/wiki/Portal:Trinidad_and_Tobago) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) List of Trinidadians (/wiki/List_of_Trinidadians) East Coast hip hop (/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop) List of most-followed Instagram accounts (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) List of best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-7) Minaj claims she came to the United States as an illegal immigrant, although by the time she moved to the United States, her mother and subsequently her father had lawful permanent residency. (See early life (#Early_life) .) [6] (#cite_note-Penrose-6) ^ (#cite_ref-583) Minaj states in the "My Time Again" documentary, released in 2014, that she was in an 11-year relationship. References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Aniftos, Rania (February 5, 2020). "A Timeline of Nicki Minaj & Meek Mill's Post-Breakup Feud" (https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-meek-mill-post-breakup-feud-timeline-8550273/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231107184306/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-meek-mill-post-breakup-feud-timeline-8550273/) from the original on November 7, 2023 . Retrieved November 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_2-0) Haramis, Nick (August 3, 2011). "In the pink: First lady of hip-hop Nicki Minaj is a bewigged global phenomenon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180911115835/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/in-the-pink-first-lady-of-hip-hop-nicki-minaj-is-a-bewigged-global-phenomenon-2331338.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/in-the-pink-first-lady-of-hip-hop-nicki-minaj-is-a-bewigged-global-phenomenon-2331338.html) on September 11, 2018 . Retrieved October 5, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Nicki Minaj, Doja Cat Makes Guinness World Record With 'Say So' (https://urbanislandz.com/2021/12/15/nicki-minaj-doja-cat-makes-guinness-world-record-with-say-so/) " (https://urbanislandz.com/2021/12/15/nicki-minaj-doja-cat-makes-guinness-world-record-with-say-so/) . urbanislandz.com . December 15, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220109205905/https://urbanislandz.com/2021/12/15/nicki-minaj-doja-cat-makes-guinness-world-record-with-say-so/) from the original on January 9, 2022 . Retrieved January 12, 2022 . Nicki Minaj is quickly cementing herself as one of the greatest rappers of the decade as she continues to rake in accolades over her illustrious career. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Greenwood, Douglas (March 13, 2019). "Pop is Not a Dirty Word: Nicki Minaj is an ex-pop star. Good for her" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210419002733/https://www.nme.com/blogs/pop-not-dirty-word-nicki-minaj-not-pop-star-anymore-2461070?amp) . NME (/wiki/NME) . Archived from the original (https://www.nme.com/blogs/pop-not-dirty-word-nicki-minaj-not-pop-star-anymore-2461070%3famp) on April 19, 2021 . Retrieved October 17, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo (December 11, 2023). "Pink Friday 2" (https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/nicki-minaj-pink-friday-2/) . Pitchfork . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231211072703/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/nicki-minaj-pink-friday-2/) from the original on December 11, 2023 . Retrieved January 22, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Penrose, Nerisha (June 21, 2018). "Nicki Minaj Weighs In on Children Border Crisis: 'I Came to This Country as an Illegal Immigrant' (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8462182/nicki-minaj-children-border-crisis-illegal-immigrant) " (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8462182/nicki-minaj-children-border-crisis-illegal-immigrant) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211110042741/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8462182/nicki-minaj-children-border-crisis-illegal-immigrant) from the original on November 10, 2021 . Retrieved May 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rapper Nicki Minaj's father killed in hit-and-run" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/rapper-nicki-minajs-father-killed-in-hit-and-run/23SXLJG42OKDULJXFOOGSPFTI4/) . The New Zealand Herald (/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald) . February 15, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210214233624/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/rapper-nicki-minajs-father-killed-in-hit-and-run/23SXLJG42OKDULJXFOOGSPFTI4/) from the original on February 14, 2021 . Retrieved February 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Top Artists" (https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/top-artists/) . Billboard . October 31, 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230326040714/https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/top-artists/) from the original on March 26, 2023 . Retrieved November 3, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lamarre, Carl; Mitchell, Gail; Murphy, Keith; Saponara, Michael; Thomas, Datwon; Elibert, Mark; Diep, Eric; III, William E. Ketchum; Mamo, Heran (February 8, 2023). "50 Greatest Rappers of All Time" (https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-rappers-all-time/) . Billboard . Retrieved March 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Nicki Minaj's swipe at Grammys for changing song category pulls Latto into Twitter feud" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2022-10-14/nicki-minaj-latto-twitter-feud-grammys-decision) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . October 14, 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221217112355/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2022-10-14/nicki-minaj-latto-twitter-feud-grammys-decision) from the original on December 17, 2022 . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Elibert, Mark (September 13, 2018). "From Cardi B to Remy Ma, Here's a Look at All of Nicki Minaj's Beefs" (https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-feuds-timeline-cardi-b-remy-ma-mariah-carey-8474813/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221205150505/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nicki-minaj-feuds-timeline-cardi-b-remy-ma-mariah-carey-8474813/) from the original on December 5, 2022 . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Mamo, Heran (December 8, 2021). "Nicki Minaj Celebrates 39th Birthday in Her Birthday Suit: See the Pics" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/lifestyle/nicki-minaj-birthday-suit-pictures-1235007388/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628080330/https://www.billboard.com/culture/lifestyle/nicki-minaj-birthday-suit-pictures-1235007388/) from the original on June 28, 2023 . Retrieved June 28, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Birthday girl Nicki Minaj has a very interesting Indian connection you didn't know about!" (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nicki-minaj-india-birthday-hey-mama-music-rapper-lifest/1/829785.html) . India Today (/wiki/India_Today) . December 8, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171224094653/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nicki-minaj-india-birthday-hey-mama-music-rapper-lifest/1/829785.html) from the original on December 24, 2017 . Retrieved August 30, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Nicki Minaj Biography: Rapper (1982–)" (http://www.biography.com/people/nicki-minaj-579574) . Biography (/wiki/Biography_(TV_program)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151113055603/http://www.biography.com/people/nicki-minaj-579574) from the original on November 13, 2015 . Retrieved April 22, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Jeffries, David. "Nicki Minaj Biography" (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nicki-minaj-mn0001013175/biography) . AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150715225148/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nicki-minaj-mn0001013175/biography) from the original on July 15, 2015 . Retrieved July 23, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Nicki Minaj's father, Robert Maraj, killed in hit-and-run accident" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/feb/14/nicki-minaj-father-robert-maraj-killed-hit-and-run-accident) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . February 14, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210214202102/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/feb/14/nicki-minaj-father-robert-maraj-killed-hit-and-run-accident) from the original on February 14, 2021 . Retrieved February 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "New Music: Carol Maraj – 'God's Been Good' (http://www.rap-up.com/2014/04/08/new-music-carol-maraj-gods-been-good/) " (http://www.rap-up.com/2014/04/08/new-music-carol-maraj-gods-been-good/) . Rap-Up . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230731071900/https://www.rap-up.com/2014/04/08/new-music-carol-maraj-gods-been-good/) from the original on July 31, 2023 . 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"Billie Eilish, Nicki Minaj, Jon Bon Jovi and over 200 artists call for protections against "predatory use of AI" (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/05/billie-eilish-nicki-minaj-200-artists-sign-letter-against-ai-music.html) " (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/05/billie-eilish-nicki-minaj-200-artists-sign-letter-against-ai-music.html) . CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) . Retrieved April 6, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-425) Sources for Minaj being cited the "Queen of Rap": "GQ Editors Pick the Best Nicki Minaj Verses" (https://www.gq.com/story/these-are-the-best-nicki-minaj-verses) . GQ . August 10, 2018 . Retrieved October 19, 2021 . "Jesy Nelson Gets Post-Little Mix Career Underway With 'Boyz' Featuring Nicki Minaj: Stream It Now" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9642448/jesy-nelson-boyz-nicki-minaj-listen/) . Billboard . Retrieved October 19, 2021 . "Nicki Minaj x Lil Baby, Mitski & More: What's Your Favorite Music Release of the Week? Vote!" (https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/new-music-release-poll-nicki-minaj-lil-baby-mitski-1235027444/) . Billboard . February 4, 2022 . Retrieved February 7, 2022 . "Nicki Minaj backs Texas councilman who gave her a birthday shoutout" (https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-pop-culture/nicki-minaj-backs-texas-councilman-gave-birthday-shoutout-rcna8569) . NBC News. December 13, 2021 . Retrieved January 7, 2022 . Lang, Cady (March 14, 2017). "Watch Nicki Minaj Flawlessly Lip Sync to Celine Dion" (https://time.com/4701402/nicki-minaj-celine-dion-lip-sync/) . Time . Retrieved November 11, 2021 . "BTS' 'Fit Coordination Breaks the Internet, Doja Looks Smokin': See All the Red Carpet Fashion at the 2022 Grammys" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-pictures/grammys-2022-red-carpet-1329594/) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . April 3, 2022 . Retrieved April 5, 2022 . Fivio Foreign, who just joined Nicki Minaj on 'We Go Up', poses with The Kid Laroi. Yeah, we'll bring up the queen of rap every chance we get. "Nicki Minaj is the queen of rap. She needs to start acting like it" (https://mic.com/articles/190885/nicki-minaj-queen-rap-of-rap-act-like-it#.Pj6lGHD89) . Mic (/wiki/Mic_(media_company)) . Retrieved October 26, 2018 . Mappoura, Lia (February 15, 2022). "This throwback picture of Nicki Minaj is proof that she ages backwards" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/beauty-hair/celebrity-hair-makeup/a39088801/nicki-minaj-throwback-picture/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . Wang, Steffanee (February 4, 2022). "Nicki Minaj & Lil Baby Pull Of A Heist On 'Do We Have A Problem" (https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/nicki-minaj-lil-baby-do-we-have-a-problem-video) . Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . "Nicki Minaj: every album ranked and rated" (https://www.nme.com/features/nicki-minaj-every-album-ranked-and-rated-3047363) . NME . September 16, 2021 . 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Retrieved October 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-642) "Nicki Minaj Accuses Megan Thee Stallion of Lying and Telling Nicki to Drink when Pregnant" (https://www.xxlmag.com/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-lying-drink-pregnant/) . January 27, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-643) "Nicki Minaj Says an Artist Suggested an Abortion After Refusing a Drink" (https://uproxx.com/music/nicki-minaj-says-artist-get-abortion-drink/) . September 12, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-644) Brasil, Sydney (March 3, 2023). "Nicki Minaj Seemingly Disses Megan Thee Stallion on New Single 'Red Ruby Da Sleaze' (https://exclaim.ca/music/article/nicki_minaj_seems_to_be_dissing_megan_thee_stallion_on_her_latest_track) " (https://exclaim.ca/music/article/nicki_minaj_seems_to_be_dissing_megan_thee_stallion_on_her_latest_track) . Exclaim! (/wiki/Exclaim!) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230307134709/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/nicki_minaj_seems_to_be_dissing_megan_thee_stallion_on_her_latest_track) from the original on March 7, 2023 . Retrieved April 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-645) Breihan, Tom (March 3, 2023). "Nicki Minaj Goes After Megan Thee Stallion On Her New Single 'Red Ruby Da Sleeze' (https://www.stereogum.com/2215719/nicki-minaj-goes-after-megan-thee-stallion-on-her-new-single-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) " (https://www.stereogum.com/2215719/nicki-minaj-goes-after-megan-thee-stallion-on-her-new-single-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) . Stereogum (/wiki/Stereogum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230403041427/https://www.stereogum.com/2215719/nicki-minaj-goes-after-megan-thee-stallion-on-her-new-single-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) from the original on April 3, 2023 . Retrieved April 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-646) Coleman II, C. Vernon (March 3, 2023). "Fans Think Nicki Minaj Disses Megan Thee Stallion and Latto on New Song 'Red Ruby Da Sleeze' (https://www.xxlmag.com/nicki-minaj-disses-megan-thee-stallion-latto-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) " (https://www.xxlmag.com/nicki-minaj-disses-megan-thee-stallion-latto-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) . XXL (/wiki/XXL_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230403041444/https://www.xxlmag.com/nicki-minaj-disses-megan-thee-stallion-latto-red-ruby-da-sleeze/) from the original on April 3, 2023 . Retrieved April 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-647) Cowen, Trace William (December 8, 2023). "Nicki Minaj Fans Are Convinced She's Dissing Latto and Megan Thee Stallion on 'Pink Friday' Sequel" (https://www.complex.com/music/a/tracewilliamcowen/nicki-minaj-latto-megan-thee-stallion-pink-friday-2) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . Retrieved December 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-648) Bell, Sadie (January 26, 2024). "Fans Speculate Megan Thee Stallion Addresses Nicki Minaj Beef on 'Hiss' as She Sinks Fangs into Haters on New Track" (https://people.com/megan-thee-stallion-releases-hiss-diss-track-addresses-nicki-minaj-beef-8550536) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved January 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-649) Craighead, Olivia (January 26, 2024). "Untangling the Megan Thee Stallion and Nicki Minaj Beef" (https://www.thecut.com/2024/01/why-are-megan-thee-stallion-and-nicki-minaj-beefing.html) . The Cut . Retrieved January 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-650) Mier, Tomás (January 26, 2024). "Nicki Minaj Is Hella Pressed Over Megan Thee Stallion's Apparent 'Hiss' Diss" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-hiss-diss-1234955299/) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . Retrieved January 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-651) Peters, Mitchell (January 27, 2024). "Nicki Minaj Fires Back at Megan Thee Stallion After Apparent Diss on New Song 'Hiss' (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-hiss-apparent-diss-track-1235590917/) " (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-hiss-apparent-diss-track-1235590917/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Retrieved January 28, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-652) Stahl, Jay (January 26, 2024). "Megan Thee Stallion, Nicki Minaj feud escalates with 'get up on your good foot' lyric" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/01/26/megan-thee-stallion-nicki-minaj-songs-shooting-hiss/72366565007/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved January 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-653) "Nicki Minaj Drops Megan Thee Stallion Diss Track 'Big Foot' (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-big-foot-megan-thee-stallion-diss-song-1234955744/) " (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-big-foot-megan-thee-stallion-diss-song-1234955744/) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . January 29, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-654) Conteh, Mankaprr (January 31, 2024). "Nicki Minaj Says Megan Thee Stallion 'Wanted a Rihanna Moment' After Being Shot" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-megan-thee-stallion-rihanna-moment-shooting-feud-1234958417/) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . ^ (#cite_ref-655) "Nicki Minaj says she didn't attend Met Gala because of Covid vaccination requirement" (https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/nicki-minaj-says-she-won-t-attend-met-gala-because-n1279088) . NBC News . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-656) Towey, Robert (September 15, 2021). "Rap artist Nicki Minaj faces backlash after tweeting inaccurate information about Covid vaccines" (https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/14/rap-artist-nicki-minaj-faces-backlash-after-tweeting-inaccurate-information-about-covid-vaccines.html) . CNBC . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-657) Nicki Minaj Interview: Mom Guilt, COVID-19 & Having To Quarantine From Her Son! , February 2, 2022 , retrieved February 3, 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-658) "Nicki Minaj says she will get COVID-19 vaccine "once I feel I've done enough research" (https://www.nme.com/news/music/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-research-met-gala-requirement-3045113) " (https://www.nme.com/news/music/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-research-met-gala-requirement-3045113) . NME . September 14, 2021 . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-659) "Even the Met Gala Can't Convince Nicki Minaj to Get Vaxxed" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-not-vaxxed-met-gala-1225492/) . September 13, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-660) "Nicki Minaj mocked over story on why cousin isn't getting COVID-19 vaccine" (https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/572076-nicki-minaj-mocked-over-story-on-why-cousin-isnt-getting-covid) . The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) . September 13, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-661) Falcon, Russell (September 15, 2021). "Trinidad & Tobago health minister: Nicki Minaj's 'swollen testicle' COVID-19 vaccine claims are false" (https://www.kxan.com/news/national-news/trinidad-tobago-health-minister-nicki-minajs-swollen-testicle-covid-19-vaccine-claims-are-false/) . KXAN-TV (/wiki/KXAN-TV) . Retrieved September 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-662) "Nicki Minaj tweets coronavirus vaccine conspiracy theory, spotlighting struggle against misinformation" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/09/14/nicki-minaj-covid-19-vaccine-conspiracy/) . The Washington Post . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . Retrieved September 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-663) Kirkl, Justin (September 15, 2021). "Trinidad & Tobagao Has Confirmed They Have No Record of Nicki Minaj's Cousin's Friend's Swollen Balls" (https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a37612591/nicki-minaj-trinidad-tobago-testicles-claim-response-press-conference/) . Esquire . Retrieved February 3, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-664) Lukpat, Alyssa; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (September 16, 2021). "White House offers a call to Nicki Minaj to discuss vaccine safety" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/15/us/nicki-minaj-vaccine.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved September 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-665) "Nicki Minaj vows "I'll never use Twitter again" after backlash over viral COVID vaccine post" (https://www.salon.com/2021/09/15/nicki-minaj-vows-ill-never-use-twitter-again-after-suspension-for-viral-vaccine-post/) . Salon . September 15, 2021 . Retrieved September 17, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-666) "Nicki Minaj Calls Out Reporters for Allegedly Harassing Her Family Amid Vaccine Comments Criticism" (https://www.complex.com/music/nicki-minaj-calls-out-reporter-for-allegedly-harassing-her-family-amid-vaccine-comments-criticism/) . Complex . Retrieved January 7, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-667) Truffaut-Wong, Olivia (May 2, 2022). "So … Does This Mean Nicki Minaj Got Vaccinated?" (https://www.thecut.com/2022/05/nicki-minaj-2022-met-gala-vaccine.html) . The Cut (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)#The_Cut) . Retrieved May 4, 2022 . Further reading Hope, Clover (/wiki/Clover_Hope) (2021). The Motherlode: 100+ Women Who Made Hip-Hop . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-4296-5 . External links Nicki Minaj at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nicki_Minaj) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicki_Minaj) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nicki_Minaj) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) from Wikiquote Official website (http://www.nickiminajofficial.com/) Nicki Minaj (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0001013175) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Nicki Minaj (https://www.discogs.com/artist/Nicki+Minaj) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Nicki Minaj (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3747326/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Preceded by Cee-Lo Green (/wiki/CeeLo_Green) Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) musical guest (/wiki/List_of_Saturday_Night_Live_guests) January 29, 2011 Succeeded by Linkin Park (/wiki/Linkin_Park) Preceded by Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) and Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) Saturday Night Live musical guest December 6, 2014 Succeeded by Charli XCX (/wiki/Charli_XCX) hide v t e Nicki Minaj Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) Videography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Nicki_Minaj) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Nicki_Minaj_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Studio albums Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) (2010) Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) (2012) The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) (2014) Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) (2018) Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) (2023) Compilation albums We Are Young Money (/wiki/We_Are_Young_Money) Rich Gang (/wiki/Rich_Gang_(album)) Young Money: Rise of an Empire (/wiki/Young_Money:_Rise_of_an_Empire) Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) Mixtapes Playtime Is Over (/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over_(mixtape)) Sucka Free (/wiki/Sucka_Free) Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) Reissues Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded – The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) (2012) Concert tours Pink Friday Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour) Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour) The Pinkprint Tour (/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour) The Nicki Wrld Tour (/wiki/The_Nicki_Wrld_Tour) Pink Friday 2 World Tour (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2_World_Tour) Category (/wiki/Category:Nicki_Minaj) show v t e Nicki Minaj songs Discography (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nicki_Minaj) Beam Me Up Scotty (/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty_(mixtape)) " I Get Crazy (/wiki/I_Get_Crazy) " " Best I Ever Had (/wiki/Best_I_Ever_Had_(Drake_song)#Remix) " Pink Friday (/wiki/Pink_Friday) " Roman's Revenge (/wiki/Roman%27s_Revenge) " " Did It On'em (/wiki/Did_It_On%27em) " " Right Thru Me (/wiki/Right_Thru_Me) " " Fly (/wiki/Fly_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Moment 4 Life (/wiki/Moment_4_Life) " " Check It Out (/wiki/Check_It_Out_(will.i.am_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Blazin' (/wiki/Blazin%27_(song)) " " Your Love (/wiki/Your_Love_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Super Bass (/wiki/Super_Bass) " " Girls Fall Like Dominoes (/wiki/Girls_Fall_Like_Dominoes) " " BedRock (/wiki/BedRock) " Pink Friday: (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded) " Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(song)) " " Come on a Cone (/wiki/Come_on_a_Cone) " " I Am Your Leader (/wiki/I_Am_Your_Leader) " " Beez in the Trap (/wiki/Beez_in_the_Trap) " " Roman Reloaded (/wiki/Roman_Reloaded_(song)) " " Champion (/wiki/Champion_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Right by My Side (/wiki/Right_by_My_Side) " " Starships (/wiki/Starships_(song)) " " Pound the Alarm (/wiki/Pound_the_Alarm) " " Whip It (/wiki/Whip_It_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Stupid Hoe (/wiki/Stupid_Hoe) " " Turn Me On (/wiki/Turn_Me_On_(David_Guetta_song)) " " Va Va Voom (/wiki/Va_Va_Voom) " The Re-Up (/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Roman_Reloaded_%E2%80%93_The_Re-Up) " Freedom (/wiki/Freedom_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " High School (/wiki/High_School_(song)) " " The Boys (/wiki/The_Boys_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Cassie_song)) " The Pinkprint (/wiki/The_Pinkprint) " All Things Go (/wiki/All_Things_Go) " " Get on Your Knees (/wiki/Get_on_Your_Knees_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Feeling Myself (/wiki/Feeling_Myself_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Only (/wiki/Only_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(song)) " " The Night Is Still Young (/wiki/The_Night_Is_Still_Young_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Pills n Potions (/wiki/Pills_n_Potions) " " Bed of Lies (/wiki/Bed_of_Lies) " " Truffle Butter (/wiki/Truffle_Butter) " Queen (/wiki/Queen_(Nicki_Minaj_album)) " Ganja Burn (/wiki/Ganja_Burn) " " Majesty (/wiki/Majesty_(song)) " " Barbie Dreams (/wiki/Barbie_Dreams) " " Rich Sex (/wiki/Rich_Sex) " " Bed (/wiki/Bed_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Chun-Li (/wiki/Chun-Li_(song)) " " Good Form (/wiki/Good_Form_(song)) " " Barbie Tingz (/wiki/Barbie_Tingz) " " Fefe (/wiki/Fefe_(song)) " Queen Radio: Volume 1 (/wiki/Queen_Radio:_Volume_1) " Do We Have a Problem? (/wiki/Do_We_Have_a_Problem%3F) " " Bussin (/wiki/Bussin_(Nicki_Minaj_and_Lil_Baby_song)) " " We Go Up (/wiki/We_Go_Up_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " Pink Friday 2 (/wiki/Pink_Friday_2) " FTCU (/wiki/FTCU_(song)) " " Needle (/wiki/Needle_(song)) " " Everybody (/wiki/Everybody_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Red Ruby da Sleeze (/wiki/Red_Ruby_da_Sleeze) " " Super Freaky Girl (/wiki/Super_Freaky_Girl) " " Bahm Bahm (/wiki/Bahm_Bahm) " " Last Time I Saw You (/wiki/Last_Time_I_Saw_You) " " Love Me Enough (/wiki/Love_Me_Enough_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " Other songs " Roger That (/wiki/Roger_That_(song)) " " Dark Fantasy (/wiki/Dark_Fantasy_(song)) " " Massive Attack (/wiki/Massive_Attack_(song)) " " Roman in Moscow (/wiki/Roman_in_Moscow) " " Yasss Bish (/wiki/Yasss_Bish) " " Bang Bang (/wiki/Bang_Bang_(Jessie_J,_Ariana_Grande_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Black Barbies (/wiki/Black_Barbies_(song)) " " Make Love (/wiki/Make_Love_(Gucci_Mane_song)) " " Changed It (/wiki/Changed_It) " " Regret in Your Tears (/wiki/Regret_in_Your_Tears) " " No Frauds (/wiki/No_Frauds) " " MotorSport (/wiki/MotorSport) " " Violent Crimes (/wiki/Violent_Crimes_(song)) " " Boo'd Up (/wiki/Boo%27d_Up#Nicki_Minaj_and_Quavo_remix) " (remix) " Megatron (/wiki/Megatron_(song)) " " Tusa (/wiki/Tusa_(song)) " " Yikes (/wiki/Yikes_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Trollz (/wiki/Trollz_(song)) " " What That Speed Bout!? (/wiki/What_That_Speed_Bout!%3F) " " Blick Blick (/wiki/Blick_Blick) " " Love in the Way (/wiki/Love_in_the_Way) " " Tukoh Taka (/wiki/Tukoh_Taka) " " WTF (/wiki/WTF_(YoungBoy_Never_Broke_Again_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Princess Diana (/wiki/Princess_Diana_(song)) " (remix) " Alone (/wiki/Alone_(Kim_Petras_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " " Big Foot (/wiki/Big_Foot_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " As featured artist 2009 " 5 Star (/wiki/5_Star_(song)) " (remix) 2010 " Up Out My Face (/wiki/Up_Out_My_Face) " " Knockout (/wiki/Knockout_(Lil_Wayne_song)) " " My Chick Bad (/wiki/My_Chick_Bad) " " Lil Freak (/wiki/Lil_Freak) " " Get It All (/wiki/Get_It_All) " " Hello Good Morning (/wiki/Hello_Good_Morning) " (remix) " Woohoo (/wiki/Woohoo_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) " " All I Do Is Win (/wiki/All_I_Do_Is_Win) " (remix) " Up All Night (/wiki/Up_All_Night_(Drake_song)) " " Bottoms Up (/wiki/Bottoms_Up_(Trey_Songz_song)) " " 2012 (It Ain't the End) (/wiki/2012_(It_Ain%27t_the_End)) " " Letting Go (Dutty Love) (/wiki/Letting_Go_(Dutty_Love)) " " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) " " I Ain't Thru (/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Thru) " " Raining Men (/wiki/Raining_Men_(Rihanna_song)) " 2011 " The Creep (/wiki/The_Creep_(song)) " " Shakin' It 4 Daddy (/wiki/Shakin%27_It_4_Daddy) " " Till the World Ends (The Femme Fatale Remix) (/wiki/Till_the_World_Ends) " " Where Them Girls At (/wiki/Where_Them_Girls_At) " " Lollipop Luxury (/wiki/Lollipop_Luxury) " " Y.U. 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High-rise building in New York state Trump Plaza New Rochelle General information Status Completed Type Residential condominium (/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)) Architectural style Postmodern (/wiki/Postmodern_architecture) Address 175 Huguenot Street Town or city New Rochelle (/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) Country United States Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 40°54′45″N 73°46′53″W  /  40.91250°N 73.78139°W  / 40.91250; -73.78139 Construction started 2005 Completed 2007 Cost $250,000,000 Owner New Roc Parcel 1A, LLC Height 435 feet (133 m) Technical details Floor count 40 Design and construction Architect(s) Lessard Design Inc. References [1] (#cite_note-1) Pedestrian bridge connecting Trump Plaza to New Roc City Trump Plaza New Rochelle is a 40-story luxury condo building located in New Rochelle, NY (/wiki/New_Rochelle,_NY) . The Trump Organization no longer manages the property after its services were terminated by the Condo Board in October 2021, and the building is now managed by AKAM Associates. Trump Plaza New Rochelle was built by Cappelli Enterprises (/w/index.php?title=Louis_R._Cappelli&action=edit&redlink=1) , the same developer that built Trump Tower at City Center (/wiki/Trump_Tower_(White_Plains)) in nearby White Plains (/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York) . Trump Plaza was the tallest building in Westchester County (/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York) and the tallest building between New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and Albany (/wiki/Albany,_New_York) until the completion of the 44-story, twin-towered Ritz-Carlton (/wiki/Ritz-Carlton) hotel in White Plains (/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Trump Plaza is part of a massive downtown (/wiki/Downtown) redevelopment project that began with the construction of New Roc City (/wiki/New_Roc_City) in 1999. [3] (#cite_note-3) The project encompasses Parcel 1A and the Lawton Street Redevelopment block known as Le Count Square . Located at 175 Huguenot Street, Trump Plaza is built on the 2-acre (8,100 m 2 ), Parcel 1A site which the City of New Rochelle had sought to redevelop for more than 30 years. In 2008 Cappelli Enterprises will begin development of 'Le Count Square' opposite Trump Plaza, adding 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m 2 ) of hotel, office, retail and residential space to the area. With the development of Trump Plaza and LeCount Square, Cappelli's total investment in downtown New Rochelle will exceed $1 billion. [4] (#cite_note-4) The 353,600-square-foot (32,850 m 2 ) Trump Plaza consists of 138,000 square feet (12,800 m 2 ) of retail (/wiki/Retail) space on two levels at its base, topped with a luxury condominium (/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)) tower. [5] (#cite_note-5) Trump Plaza rises more than 435 feet (133 m) over downtown New Rochelle. The retail portion of the project is linked to New Roc City (/wiki/New_Roc_City) by an enclosed pedestrian bridge. [6] (#cite_note-6) Incidents [ edit ] On September 17, 2019 a car plowed into the lobby of the building at around 8:40pm EST. [7] (#cite_note-7) 3 people were injured. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Trump Plaza" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150322023224/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/234208/trump-plaza-new-rochelle-ny-usa) . Emporis . Archived from the original (https://www.emporis.com/buildings/234208/trump-plaza-new-rochelle-ny-usa) on March 22, 2015 . Retrieved 12 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Record Sales at Cappelli Projects in White Plains and New Rochelle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011091654/http://www.cappelli-inc.com/press_release/press_detail.php?id=44) . Archived from the original (http://www.cappelli-inc.com/press_release/press_detail.php?id=44) on October 11, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Trump and Cappelli unveil newest tower (http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_31_52/ai_n26694133) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cappelli repositions New Roc tower to meet office demand (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_49_53/ai_n27323791) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Trump, Cappelli throw party for New Rochelle's Trump Plaza" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120211084430/http://www.newrochelledowntown.com/articles/?article=58) . Archived from the original (http://www.newrochelledowntown.com/articles/?article=58) on 2012-02-11 . Retrieved 2008-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Trump Plaza Program Lets Buyers Exercise Options" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080209131031/http://www.westchester.com/Westchester_News/Real_Estate/Trump_Plaza_Program_Lets_Buyers_Exercise_Options_200802069173.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.westchester.com/Westchester_News/Real_Estate/Trump_Plaza_Program_Lets_Buyers_Exercise_Options_200802069173.html) on February 9, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Zaveri, Mihir; Padilla, Mariel (September 18, 2019). "Car Crashes Into Trump Plaza in New Rochelle (Published 2019)" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/17/nyregion/trump-plaza-crash-new-rochelle.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Car slams into lobby of Trump Plaza in New Rochelle" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuwyqM51zE0) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/QuwyqM51zE0) from the original on 2021-12-21 – via www.youtube.com. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trump Plaza New Rochelle (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trump_Plaza_New_Rochelle) . Official Website for the Condominium (http://www.trumpplazanr.com) [ permanent dead link ] Trump Plaza New Rochelle Drumps Trump as Property Manager (https://therealdeal.com/tristate/2021/09/13/trump-plaza-new-rochelle-dumps-trump-org-as-property-manager/) Non-Official website maintained by The Trump Organization (http://www.trumpplazanewrochelle.com) Emporis.com Page (https://web.archive.org/web/20060519160246/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=234208) v t e Businesses (/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump) of Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) The Trump Organization (/wiki/The_Trump_Organization) Donald Trump Jr. (/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr.) Eric Trump (/wiki/Eric_Trump) Allen Weisselberg (/wiki/Allen_Weisselberg) Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump (/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump) List of things named after Donald Trump (/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump) NYC (/wiki/New_York_City) properties The Trump Building (40 Wall Street) (/wiki/40_Wall_Street) Trump Parc and Trump Parc East (/wiki/Trump_Parc) Trump Park Avenue (/wiki/Trump_Park_Avenue) Trump Tower (/wiki/Trump_Tower) Trump World Tower (/wiki/Trump_World_Tower) Hotels and resorts Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago (/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)) Las Vegas (/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas) New York City (/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)) Mar-a-Lago (/wiki/Mar-a-Lago) Golf courses U.S. Bedminster, NJ (/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster) "Doral" Miami, FL (/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami) Jupiter, FL (/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Jupiter) Los Angeles, CA (/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Los_Angeles) Pine Hill, NJ (/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Philadelphia) Washington, D.C. 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The RS-Computer on display at the Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) The RS-Computer , expanded as "Running System"-Computer Shoe , is a Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) shoe introduced in 1986 as an early proto- activity tracker (/wiki/Activity_tracker) by designer Peter Cavanaugh, [1] (#cite_note-1) and re-released as a smartphone (/wiki/Smartphone) -enabled device in 2018. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Popular Mechanics . Hearst Magazines. September 1986. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Coldewey, Devin (2018-12-11). "Puma reissues its nerdiest shoe ever, the RS-Computer" (https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/11/puma-reissues-its-nerdiest-shoe-ever-the-rs-computer/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 2023-11-09 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cbf896bd‐nrw7n Cached time: 20240707000502 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.117 seconds Real time usage: 0.305 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 145/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2994/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 75/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7920/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2947120/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 116.408 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 116.408 1 -total 79.78% 92.865 1 Template:Cite_book 5.08% 5.914 1 Template:Cite_web 1.36% 1.587 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75269674-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707000502 and revision id 1187992889. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RS-Computer&oldid=1187992889 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RS-Computer&oldid=1187992889) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Activity trackers (/wiki/Category:Activity_trackers) 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) Products introduced in 1986 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1986) Puma (brand) (/wiki/Category:Puma_(brand)) Wearable devices (/wiki/Category:Wearable_devices)
British photographer Ronny Jaques (1910–2008) was a British photographer from London. Early life [ edit ] Charles Herbert Best (/wiki/Charles_Best_(medical_scientist)) in a portrait photograph by Ronny Jaques The son of a bookmaker who died when he was run over by a train in the London Underground (/wiki/London_Underground) , during World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) Ronny Jaques was sent to boarding school in a coastal town on the Thames. The school was then moved to Bedford (/wiki/Bedford) , in the middle of England, to avoid air raids (/wiki/German_strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I) . Jaques stayed there until the end of the war. When he was 9 years old, his mother closed his father's business and moved the family to Christie Lake (/wiki/Tay_Valley,_Ontario) in Canada. In 1925, Jaques moved to New York City with his brother Louis. During that time, he worked for Henry L. Dougherty, the founder of a gas company. In 1932 both brothers quit their jobs and went bicycling through Europe for two years. Jaques then enrolled at the Regent Street Polytechnic (/wiki/University_of_Westminster) in London where he learned photography, remaining for about 8 months. He then moved to Canada where he opened the Ronny Jaques Studio at 24 Grenville Street in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) . In 1941, he closed the studio to focus on his photography career in NYC. Photography career [ edit ] Artist Paul Borduas photographed by Ronny Jaques [1] (#cite_note-1) During the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s he worked as a photographer for magazines such as Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Gourmet (/wiki/Gourmet_(magazine)) , Holiday (/wiki/Holiday_(magazine)) and Town and Country (/wiki/Town_and_Country_(magazine)) for which he shot fashion, travel, food [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) and lifestyle photography (/wiki/Lifestyle_photography) , and for Maclean's (/wiki/Maclean%27s) during the mid-fifties he worked with writer Bruce Hutchison on a travel series [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) During his free time, Jaques took pictures at The Downbeat Club, a jazz club in New York, where he photographed celebrities such as Billie Holiday (/wiki/Billie_Holiday) , Duke Ellington (/wiki/Duke_Ellington) , Ben Webster (/wiki/Ben_Webster) , Coleman Hawkins (/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins) , and Nat King Cole (/wiki/Nat_King_Cole) . Unlike many of his contemporaries, Ronny Jaques had a reputation for being low-key; he eschewed assistants and entourage and preferred to work without set-dressing or elaborate lighting. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) For his covers for Gourmet of the 1960s the dishes are often set against, or on, a photographic print to serve the magazine's increasing focus on travel by linking the food to a particular city or nation, rather than actually being photographed on location. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Recognition [ edit ] From Jaques' magazine work, in 1955 curator Edward Steichen (/wiki/Edward_Steichen) selected three of his photographs for the world-touring Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) exhibition The Family of Man that was seen by 9 million visitors. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In one close-up, three Canadian girls with grim expressions stand at a wire fence against a field that extends to a high horizon on which, in front of an overcast sky stands a house as square and simple as a child's drawing. Another, also shot in Canada, shows a late night in a bar with bentwood chairs stacked in the foreground in silhouette, and at the bottom of the frame sit two men drinking, one of whom throws back his head in laughter while a painting of a bare-breasted woman looks down on them. The third shows a broad tree-lined path in a Colombian park that is lit with dust-filtered low slanting light against which, at centre, appears a park labourer who kneels in prayer as a priest in a cassock passes, his sun umbrella held aloft by his male companion. [9] (#cite_note-9) Later life [ edit ] By the 1990s Ronny was living in Copenhagen, Denmark, with Lise, his third wife, and their two children, and Lulu, who was married with four children, and Jens-Louis. He died at the age of 98 in the summer of 2008. Legacy [ edit ] Ronny Jaques: Labourer Andres Budge of Maniwaki (/wiki/Maniwaki) carrying water buckets with a yoke on his shoulders at Mr. Kearney's logging camp in the Outaouais (/wiki/Outaouais) region on a day winter in 1943. After his death in September 2008, Ronny Jaques' photographs were published in the book Stolen Moments , by editor in chief of Town and Country , and close friend of Jaques, Pamela Fiori. The compilation of black and white photographs, many of them from the 1940s, include Jaques' portraits of Marlon Brando (/wiki/Marlon_Brando) , [10] (#cite_note-10) Bette Davis (/wiki/Bette_Davis) , Cary Grant (/wiki/Cary_Grant) , Billie Holiday (/wiki/Billie_Holiday) , Leonard Bernstein (/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein) , Carson McCullers (/wiki/Carson_McCullers) , [11] (#cite_note-11) George S. Kaufman (/wiki/George_S._Kaufman) , W. H. Auden (/wiki/W._H._Auden) , Mary Martin (/wiki/Mary_Martin) and Ezio Pinza (/wiki/Ezio_Pinza) rehearsing South Pacific (/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)) with Richard Rodgers (/wiki/Richard_Rodgers) on the piano, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Leonard Bernstein (/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein) , Weegee (/wiki/Weegee) at a crime scene, Robert Mitchum (/wiki/Robert_Mitchum) , George S. Kaufman (/wiki/George_S._Kaufman) and others. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Books [ edit ] (1984) Paul J Wade, Ronny Jaques. Greece and the Olympic Games. OCLC: 28012041 Jaques, Ronny; Micossi, Mario (1978), Gourmet's France , Gourmet Bibliography [ edit ] (2009) Pamela Fiori. Stolen Moments: The Photographs of Ronny Jaques . Glitterati Incorporated. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9801557-2-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9801557-2-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Carney, Lora; ProQuest (Firm) (2017), Canadian painters in a modern world, 1925–1955 : writings and reconsiderations , McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7735-5192-3 ^ Jump up to: a b Kolasinski, O. R. (2009). Forging Purity: Food Photography and the Mythology of American Cuisine (Doctoral dissertation, Reed College). ^ (#cite_ref-3) (1955) Bruce Hutchison 'The Island'. In Mclean's Vol. 68, no. 26 (24 Dec 1955), Maclean-Hunter, Toronto. OCLC: 82241515 ^ (#cite_ref-4) (1955) Bruce Hutchison. (Vol. 68, no.25) Newfoundland. Maclean-Hunter, Toronto. OCLC: 83495233 ^ (#cite_ref-5) (1956) Bruce Hutchison. (Vol. 69, no.1) New Brunswick. Maclean-Hunter, Toronto. OCLC: 78364079 ^ Jump up to: a b Jaques, Ronny; Fiori, Pamela (2008), Stolen moments : the photographs of Ronny Jaques (1st ed.), Glitterati, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9801557-2-3 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hurm, Gerd, 1958–, (editor.); Reitz, Anke, (editor.); Zamir, Shamoon, (editor.) (2018), The family of man revisited : photography in a global age , London I.B.Tauris, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78672-297-3 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : |author1= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sandeen, Eric J (1995), Picturing an exhibition : the family of man and 1950s America (1st ed.), University of New Mexico Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8263-1558-8 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Steichen, Edward; Sandburg, Carl; Norman, Dorothy; Lionni, Leo; Mason, Jerry; Stoller, Ezra; Museum of Modern Art (New York) (1955). The family of man: The photographic exhibition . Published for the Museum of Modern Art by Simon and Schuster in collaboration with the Maco Magazine Corporation. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mizruchi, S. L. (2014). Brando's Smile: His Life, Thought, and Work. WW Norton & Company. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jaques, Ronny. "Carson McCullers, 1950, silver gelatin print. 10 ¼ x 10 in. Signed and annotated on reverse "Carson McCullers, Members of the Wedding, taken for Harpers Bazaar." Unique print" (http://www.borngallery.com/jaques.html) . www.borngallery.com . Retrieved 6 October 2019 . Ronny Jaques: Roger Lemelin (/wiki/Roger_Lemelin) , 1946 Ronny Jaques: Commentator Lorne Greene (/wiki/Lorne_Greene) broadcasting over the C.B.C. national network. 1942 Ronny Jaques: Portrait of railroad worker May Janus, Stelco Steel Company of Canada, Hamilton, Ontario. March 1944. Ronnie Jaques: Jackie Robinson (/wiki/Jackie_Robinson) in a photograph possibly published in the Montreal newspaper The Standard circa 1946. Tony Jaques: Students leaving the Chemistry Building, University of Saskatchewan (/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan) , Saskatoon. May 1944. Ronny Jaques: Munitions workers in Toronto. April 1944. Ronny Jaques: Functional testing of the first locomotive X-Dominion for India is conducted by veteran test engineer Joseph Megin of Montreal (Quebec). November 1943. Ronny Jaques: Private Ed Gerris of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Army_Service_Corps) , with Principal Eccles of Shaw Business Schools, is using a specially-designed glove-covered artificial hand (/wiki/Prosthesis) to learn penmanship (/wiki/Penmanship) during a retraining course on Primary Accountancy, 1944 Ronny Jaques: Female worker Barbara Van Dine, of Fredericton, New Brunswick pictured through the breech ring of a QF 4-inch Mk XVI naval gun (/wiki/QF_4-inch_naval_gun_Mk_XVI) in the naval inspection department of Sorel Industries, Sorel, Quebec. 1943 Ronny Jaques: Victory in Europe Day ( VE-Day (/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day) ) celebrations, Bay Street, Toronto, Canada. May 1945. External links [ edit ] Ronny Jaques' Publications on WorldCat (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n96-87886) NY Times Article about Ronny Jaques (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/fashion/09books.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink&pagewanted=all) Retrieved 2008-11-07 Ronny Jaques' Auction Records at One Art World (http://oneartworld.com/artists/R/Ronny+Jaques.html) Cosmopolitan interview about Ronny Jaques (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/exclusive/Pamela-Fiori-interview) Ronny Jaques' Auction Records at Christie's (http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5054076) Ronny Jaques article on Kempt (http://www.getkempt.com/tag/ronnyjacques) Retrieved 2008-08-15 Article on RL Magazine about Ronny Jaques (http://entertainment.ralphlauren.com/magazine/editorial/sp09/snap_shot.asp) Ronny Jaques Auction results on Artnet (http://www.artnet.com/artist/152671/ronny-jaques.html) Ronny Jaques fonds (R3133) (http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=160580&lang=eng) at Library and Archives Canada (/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1529416/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000353850300) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/4201726) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHbP6X7YpbWcJT7mjDMP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/139420479) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263223105171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96087886) Artists National Gallery of Canada (https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/ronny-jaques) Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/305439) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xb07dx) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6vg2x Cached time: 20240721072755 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.469 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 963/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22090/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 702/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48732/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4930171/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 428.364 1 -total 28.23% 120.929 5 Template:Citation 26.25% 112.450 1 Template:Authority_control 18.19% 77.927 1 Template:Short_description 13.40% 57.396 1 Template:Reflist 10.27% 44.006 2 Template:Pagetype 4.71% 20.169 5 Template:Main_other 4.45% 19.066 1 Template:ISBN 4.19% 17.934 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 4.05% 17.350 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28256560-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721072755 and revision id 1181229386. 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Korean traditional hair accessory This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Cheopji##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheopji&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Cheopji" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cheopji%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cheopji%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cheopji%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cheopji%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cheopji%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cheopji%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2011 ) Cheopji ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 첩지 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 疊紙 ) is a Korean hair accessory decorating the chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) of ladies. [1] (#cite_note-1) Functional features of cheopji was to display social status based on materials used, and to hold jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) in place when wearing a ceremonial dress. It is usually made of silver, and a frog-shape is its common form. The use of cheopji began after Baljaegaeheok ( 발제개혁 ; 髮制改革 ; a reformation that prohibited Gache (/wiki/Gache) hair style, then promoted Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) hair style) proclaimed by Yeongjo of Joseon (/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon) . It was used routinely at court, but ordinary people were to use this only when they wear a ceremonial dress. [2] (#cite_note-Cheopji-2) Korean hair pin-Cheopji-01 See also [ edit ] Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "첩지" (https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=46671&docId=563378&categoryId=46671) . terms.naver.com (in Korean) . Retrieved 2021-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cheopji_2-0) (in Korean) Cheopji (http://preview.britannica.co.kr/bol/topic.asp?article_id=b07m2319a) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120415044717/http://preview.britannica.co.kr/bol/topic.asp?article_id=b07m2319a) April 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Korean Britannica Online This Korea (/wiki/Korea) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheopji&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Companies engaged in the manufacture of pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐zdchj Cached time: 20240720173248 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36701348-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173248 and revision id 1123118077. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Pointe shoe manufacturers" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Bloch (company) (/wiki/Bloch_(company)) C Capezio (/wiki/Capezio) F Freed of London (/wiki/Freed_of_London) G Gaynor Minden (/wiki/Gaynor_Minden) Grishko (/wiki/Grishko) R Repetto (/wiki/Repetto) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Pointe_shoe_manufacturers&oldid=1123118077 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Pointe_shoe_manufacturers&oldid=1123118077) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) Dance shoes (/wiki/Category:Dance_shoes) Dancewear companies (/wiki/Category:Dancewear_companies)
Garment designed to prevent suicide An anti-suicide smock , Ferguson , turtle suit , pickle suit , Bam Bam suit , [1] (#cite_note-1) or suicide gown , is a tear-resistant single-piece outer garment that is generally used to prevent a hospitalized (/wiki/Hospital) , incarcerated (/wiki/Incarcerated) , or otherwise detained individual from forming a noose (/wiki/Noose) with the garment to commit suicide (/wiki/Suicide) . The smock is typically a simple, sturdily quilted (/wiki/Quilted) , collarless, sleeveless gown (/wiki/Gown) with adjustable openings at the shoulders and down the front that are closed with nylon (/wiki/Nylon) hook-and-loop (/wiki/Hook-and-loop) or similar fasteners. The thickness of the garment makes it impossible to roll or fold the garment so it can't be used as a noose. It is not a restraint and provides modesty and warmth while not impeding the mobility of the wearer. The suit covers all private areas as the wearer is to be naked under the suit for their own protection. These items are formally known as Safety Smocks and were designed and developed by Lonna Speer (/w/index.php?title=Lonna_Speer&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1989 while she was a nurse working in the Santa Cruz, California, county jail. [2] (#cite_note-2) Safety Smocks are now standard issue throughout jails and prisons in the United States. [3] (#cite_note-3) The same material is used for the anti-suicide blanket (/wiki/Anti-suicide_blanket) . Prior to the use of the Safety Smock, many jails and prisons stripped inmates naked and held them in a stripped down-padded cell with no furniture or protrusions of any kind. Some facilities opted to use paper gowns to provide modesty. The American Correctional Association (ACA) has established the use of appropriate Safety Smocks and Safety Blankets as one of the Standards used to judge jails and prisons for accreditation. Demand for Safety Smocks to meet this ACA Standard led to multiple clothing makers creating similar garments of varying strength and of various materials. In addition to the Safety Smock, Lonna Speer developed the Safety Blanket and the Safe Sleeping Bag, all made from the quilted heavy nylon material, as well as The Dozer, a Suicide Cell mattress, the Safety Pillow, and Safety Slippers. See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Anti-trespass panels (/wiki/Anti-trespass_panels) Suicide watch (/wiki/Suicide_watch) Guantanamo suicide attempts (/wiki/Guantanamo_suicide_attempts) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Appeal from the Superior Court of Pinal County Cause No. JV-200300627" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120807141633/http://www.apltwo.ct.state.az.us/Decisions/JV20060049Opinion.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.apltwo.ct.state.az.us/Decisions/JV20060049Opinion.pdf) (PDF) on 7 August 2012 . Retrieved 5 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Ferguson Safety Products: About Us" (https://www.preventsuicide.com/the-ferguson-story) . Preventsuicide.com . Retrieved 16 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Safety Suicide Smock" (http://www.securingcosmos.com/shopexd.asp?id=3494) . September 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070929143356/http://www.securingcosmos.com/shopexd.asp?id=3494) from the original on 29 September 2007 . Retrieved 4 September 2007 . 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An outer garment typical of Turkic, Mongolian and Caucasian peoples, similar to a kaftan A beshmet (from Tatar (/wiki/Tatar_language) : bişmät ; Kyrgyz (/wiki/Kyrgyz_language) : beshmant ; Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_language) : beshpent ; Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) : beşmet ) is an outer garment worn among the Turkic peoples (/wiki/Turkic_peoples) , Mongolians (/wiki/Mongolians) and later by the peoples of the Caucasus (/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus) and the Cossacks (/wiki/Cossacks) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Beshmet is an open garment that reaches to the knees; sometimes it is quilted. It is in the form of a buttoned half-caftan with a standing collar and is gathered into folds, belted at the waist and is girded with a saber belt (which is a leather belt decorated with copper and silver plaques) to which a dagger or saber was attached. Beshmet tightly fits the chest and waist, and the sleeves are long and narrow. The length is slightly above the knees or knee-length, with a back cut at the waist, straight solid floors fastened to the waist with a hook, with side wedges. It was worn under caftans such as chokha (/wiki/Chokha) or chekmen (/wiki/Chepken) , but in everyday life it could be worn on its own. It shares similarities with the arkhalig (/wiki/Arkhalig) , although, arkhalig is worn as a jacket while beshmet is more comparable to a tunic. [3] (#cite_note-3) The beshmet was a part of uniform of all Cossack troops, it was worn according to color and cut. During off-duty time, the Cossacks could wear beshmets of any color and material. Beshmets were used both as streetwear and at home. Young Cossacks wore beshmets in the summer during festivities and holidays. Old Cossacks wore beshmets quilted on cotton at home. Beshmets were usually made of fabrics such as silk, satin, velvet or other materials such as wool, brocade etc. Elderly Cossacks wore beshmets of blue, black, brown colors, while young wore red, burgundy, green, and blue. [4] (#cite_note-4) Kalmyk Beshmet Beshmet with belt References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Бешмет" (https://assembly.kz/ru/ethnos/ru/osetiny/natsionalnaya-odezhda/beshmet-kuyr-t/) . Ассамблея народа Казахстана . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "БЕШМЕ́Т" (https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/1865165) . Большая российская энциклопедия . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "BESHMET origin, etymology" (https://classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Vasmer-term-889.htm) . Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Vasmer Max . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ПРАВИЛА НОШЕНИЯ КАЗАЧЬЕЙ ФОРМЫ" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080710215244/http://www.ruskazak.ru/30/32/) . ruskazak.ru . Archived from the original (http://www.ruskazak.ru/30/32/) on 2008-07-10. This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Otto Ludwig Haas-Heye Born ( 1879-12-16 ) 16 December 1879 Heidelberg (/wiki/Heidelberg) Died 9 June 1959 (1959-06-09) (aged 79) Spouse Viktoria Ada Astrid Agnes (1909–1921) Children Johannes Ottora Libertas Parents Hermann Haas (father) Hermanna Helene Heye (mother) Otto Ludwig Haas-Heye (16 December 1879 – 9 June 1959) was a German fashion designer, professor at the Unterrichtsanstalt des Kunstgewerbemuseums Berlin (/w/index.php?title=Unterrichtsanstalt_des_Kunstgewerbemuseums_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterrichtsanstalt_des_Kunstgewerbemuseums_Berlin) ] and owner of the publishing company Graphik-Verlag. Haas-Heye headed the fashion department of the Kunstgewerbemuseum in Prinz-Albrecht-Straße 8. He was editor at the Graphische Modeblätter . Biography [ edit ] Otto Ludwig Haas-Heye was born in Heidelberg (/wiki/Heidelberg) on 16 December 1879 to Prof. Hermann Haas (1852–1902) [a] (#cite_note-1) and Hermanna Helene Heye (1857–1942). After his parents divorced, Haas-Heye moved with his mother to her birthplace Bremen (/wiki/Bremen) in 1889. He grew up in a Hanseatic patrician atmosphere, attendeding the Gymnasium at first, later the Real-Gymnasium and finally a commercial school. From 1895 to 1899 he studied painting at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf (/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf) . After a year of volunteering at the Schwere Reiter (/wiki/Cuirassier) Regiment in Munich (/wiki/Munich) , Haas-Heye continued this artistic training at the Académie Julian (/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Julian) in 1901–1902. Haas-Heye's father died in 1902, leaving him with a considerable fortune. He moved to Munich that same year, to Rome (/wiki/Rome) in 1904, to Paris in 1905 and then continued to travel through Turkey, Egypt, Greece and Albania in 1906. Haas-Heye studied at the Berlin University of the Arts (/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts) under Arthur Kampf (/wiki/Arthur_Kampf) in 1907–1908. On 12 May 1909, Haas-Heye married Viktoria Ada Astrid Agnes, Countess of Eulenburg, the youngest daughter of Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg (/wiki/Philipp,_Prince_of_Eulenburg) , and a godchild of German Empress Augusta Victoria (/wiki/Augusta_Victoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein) . This gave him access to European aristocracy. The couple went to Great Britain in 1910 and from 1912 to 1914 they lived in London and Paris. Together they had three children: Johannes (/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Haas-Heye&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Haas-Heye) ] , journalist and diplomat, Ottora Maria, [b] (#cite_note-2) and Libertas (/wiki/Libertas_Schulze-Boysen) . [1] (#cite_note-3) [2] (#cite_note-4) During his stay in France, Haas-Heye became acquainted with many couturiers, including Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) . The outbreak of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) forced him to return to Germany in 1914. Zeit-Echo [ edit ] On 22 April 1914, Haas-Heye took over Graphik-Verlag in Munich after selling his shares in the Münchner Zeitung and the Mannheimer Zeitung , cofounded by his father. [3] (#cite_note-5) Haas-Heye moved the publishing house to Max Liebermann (/wiki/Max_Liebermann) 's townhouse in Berlin, [4] (#cite_note-6) becoming editor for Zeit-Echo, ein Kriegstagebuch der Künstler ("Zeit-Echo, an artist's wartime diary", containing prose (/wiki/Prose) , poetry (/wiki/Lyric_poetry) , reviews (/wiki/Review) and graphic arts (/wiki/Graphic_arts) ) until December 1916. He worked under editor-in-chief Friedrich Markus Huebner (/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Markus_Huebner&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Markus_Huebner) ] and art director Otto Th. W. Stein (/w/index.php?title=Otto_Th._W._Stein&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Th._W._Stein) ] in 1914, followed by editor-in-chief Hans Siemsen (/wiki/Hans_Siemsen) in 1915. Ludwig Rubiner took over as editor in 1917. [5] (#cite_note-7) Fashion career [ edit ] Haas-Heye also founded a fashion house in 1914. It was housed in the Hatzfeld Palace on Wilhelmplatz (/wiki/Wilhelmplatz) in Berlin. Out of protest against the war, he named it "Alfred-Marie" after a longtime friend in Paris. Haas-Heye was its artistic director until 1916. Through hand-colored prints by Annie Offterdinger (1894–1987) published by Graphik-Verlag, Haas-Heye made his designs accessible to the public. During World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) from Berlin was regarded as a trend-setting model for German fashion. The younger ladies of the distinguished society were particularly impressed by Haas-Heye's creations. The ladies of the aristocracy, who still held the necessary financial resources, as well as celebrities, now turned to Berlin fashion houses like Gerson, Manheimer, and Alfred-Marie. Haas-Heye was conscripted in April 1916, but was allowed to leave in August, probably due to his father-in-law's relations, through which he could have an audience with Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (/wiki/Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Younger) , Chief of the German General Staff (/wiki/German_General_Staff) . Later that year, he assisted Hermann Muthesius (/wiki/Hermann_Muthesius) in setting up the Deutscher Werkbund (/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund) exhibition in Basel (/wiki/Basel) , where he organized a large fashion show, held in 1917 on a self-made stage. He lived in Switzerland until 1919, designing costumes for mime and balls. In 1920, Bruno Paul (/wiki/Bruno_Paul) appointed Haas-Heye as teacher at the Unterrichtsanstalt des Kunstgewerbemuseums Berlin (/w/index.php?title=Unterrichtsanstalt_des_Kunstgewerbemuseums_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterrichtsanstalt_des_Kunstgewerbemuseums_Berlin) ] , where he founded and the fashion and costume classes, subsequently receiving the title of professor in 1921. From then on, he devoted himself to costume design and stage decoration. He was involved in numerous stage plays, mimes and ballets in the following years, such as the stage of the Berlin State Opera (/wiki/Berlin_State_Opera) Unter den Linden in 1921. From 1926 to 1929 he was a fashion consultant in Paris. Haas-Heye founded the Tracht und Modeschule in 1931, expanding it in 1932 to the Zürcher Kunst- und Modeschule. [ citation needed ] With the rise of Nazism (/wiki/Nazism) , Haas-Heye lived in Switzerland until 1936. He moved back to Berlin—staying mostly with his children Johannes and Libertas—until January 1938, when he travelled via the Netherlands to London. There he taught at a school named after Albert Reimann (/w/index.php?title=Albert_Reimann&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Reimann) ] , starting in 1939 at the Royal School of Needlework (/wiki/Royal_School_of_Needlework) . From 1940 and 1941 he was based on the Isle of Man (/wiki/Isle_of_Man) and founded a school of good taste. [ clarify ] In 1953, he went on a lecture tour through the Federal Republic of Germany (/wiki/Germany) , where he was celebrated as a fashion czar from the imperial period and the Weimar Republic. In 1958, he returned to Germany and settled down in Mannheim. He had plans for a Mannheim fashion museum, but on 9 June 1959 he died after a traffic accident. [6] (#cite_note-8) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Newspaper publisher of the Münchner Zeitung (/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchner_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchner_Zeitung) ] and the Mannheimer Zeitung . He is regarded as the co-founder of German liberalism and was acquainted with Paul Lindau (/wiki/Paul_Lindau) and Moritz von Egidy (Vater) (/w/index.php?title=Moritz_von_Egidy_(Vater)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_von_Egidy_(Vater)) ] , the fathers of liberalism in southern Germany. ^ (#cite_ref-2) 1910–2001; wife of the Swedish ambassador Carl Douglas (1908-1961) (/w/index.php?title=Carl_Douglas_(1908-1961)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3) ] and mother of Princess Elisabeth, Duchess in Bavaria, Gustaf Douglas (/wiki/Gustaf_Douglas) and Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (/wiki/Rosita_Spencer-Churchill,_Duchess_of_Marlborough) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) Müller, Stefan (6 November 2013). Liebenberg - Ein verkauftes Dorf . Books on Demand. p. 47. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783848269075 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "EULENBURG u.HERTEFELD" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081222014303/http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/eulenburg.html) . Archived from the original (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/eulenburg.html) on 22 December 2008. (see entry 8d) ^ (#cite_ref-5) In Müllers Adreßbuch von 1916: Graphik-Verlag G.m.b.H Verlagsbuchhandlung, Kunstverlag, München Glückstr. 5 und Berlin NW 7, Pariser Platz 7, gegründet 22.4. 1914, Geschäftsführer: Otto Haas-Heye see Grötzinger, 1993, p. 88 (https://books.google.com/books?id=TaoaAQAAIAAJ&q=%2222.4.+1914,+Gesch%C3%A4ftsfuhrer:+Otto+Haas-Heye%22) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kettelhake, Silk (2008). Erzähl allen, allen von mir . Droemer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783869065618 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Raabe, Paul (1985). Die Autoren und Bücher des literarischen Expressionismus: ein bibliographisches Handbuch . J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung. p. 440. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783476005755 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Grötzinger, Vera (1994). Der Erste Weltkrieg im Widerhall des "Zeit-Echo" (1914-1917): zum Wandel im Selbstverständnis einer künstlerisch-politischen Literaturzeitschrift . Peter Lang. p. 95. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783906752709 . 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Friedman's, Inc. Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) ( Public (/wiki/Public_company) prior to 2005) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1920 Fate Bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) Headquarters Savannah, Georgia (/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia) Key people Bradley Stinn CEO Victor Suglia CFO Morgan Schiff & Co. (/wiki/Morgan_Schiff_%26_Co.) - Phillip Ean Cohen (/wiki/Phillip_Ean_Cohen) Sterling Brinkley Products Jewelry Friedman's Inc. was an American company that owned and operated fine jewelry specialty stores under the names Friedman's Jewelers and Crescent Jewelers . It declared bankruptcy in 2008 and had shuttered all stores by June 2008. History [ edit ] The company was established in Savannah, Georgia (/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia) in 1920. Friedman's Inc. was headquartered in Addison, Texas (/wiki/Addison,_Texas) . They were the third largest jewelry company in the US. Friedman's stressed value and low prices, owning the trademark "The Value Leader" and advertising "Unbeatable Values". Unlike many chain jewelers, Friedman's had many of its locations in power centers (/wiki/Power_center_(retail)) and strip malls (/wiki/Strip_mall) , besides enclosed malls and outlet centers (/wiki/Outlet_center) . The company had stated that they preferred locations anchored by a discounter "big box" store, almost always Wal-Mart (/wiki/Wal-Mart) . This fits with their core demographic of lower to middle income customers between 18 and 40. Due to a bankruptcy filing in early 2008, Friedman's and Crescent liquidated all of their stores save for a small number of locations purchased by Whitehall Jewelers (/w/index.php?title=Whitehall_Jewelers&action=edit&redlink=1) Inc. for approximately 14 million dollars. Whitehall went bankrupt shortly after the purchase and began liquidating all of its stores in August 2008. In 2009, Windsor Fine Jewelers, LLC based in Augusta, GA, purchased the trademark "Friedman's Jewelers" and opened a location in Augusta, GA. In 2017, they launched the www.friedmans.com e-commerce platform. References and links [ edit ] Past Report on Friedman's (http://www.jmdutton.com/Research/FRDM/Reports/FRM_Report_100903.pdf/) Archived copy (https://web.archive.org/web/20050227140425/http://www.jmdutton.com/Research/FRDM/Reports/FRM_Report_100903.pdf/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐rwwn9 Cached time: 20240715032227 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.113 seconds Real time usage: 0.174 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 908/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5300/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 533/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1609/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1841267/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 159.407 1 -total 100.00% 159.407 1 Template:Infobox_company 89.97% 143.420 1 Template:Infobox 8.36% 13.326 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 1.35% 2.144 3 Template:Main_other 1.34% 2.131 1 Template:Template_other 1.10% 1.747 1 Template:Longitem Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:15421680-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715032227 and revision id 1203831513. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedman%27s_Inc.&oldid=1203831513 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedman%27s_Inc.&oldid=1203831513) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Defunct retail companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Defunct_retail_companies_of_the_United_States) Jewelry retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Jewelry_retailers_of_the_United_States) Companies based in Atlanta (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Atlanta) Defunct companies based in Texas (/wiki/Category:Defunct_companies_based_in_Texas) Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008 (/wiki/Category:Companies_that_filed_for_Chapter_11_bankruptcy_in_2008) Retail companies established in 1920 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1920) Retail companies disestablished in 2008 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_disestablished_in_2008) 1920 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) (/wiki/Category:1920_establishments_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)) 2008 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) (/wiki/Category:2008_disestablishments_in_Georgia_(U.S._state))
British journalist Moira Keenan in 1972 Moira Keenan (1933 – 16 October 1972) was a British fashion and lifestyle journalist. Life and work [ edit ] Keenan grew up in India where her father, Brigadier-General John Keenan served as a British officer of the Indian Army. She and her sisters were raised by governesses. After Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi) 's assassination, the family returned to England, making their home in Hampshire (/wiki/Hampshire) . [1] (#cite_note-Sale2006-1) Keenan joined Ernestine Carter (/wiki/Ernestine_Carter) to work at The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) in 1957. In 1969, she moved to The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , becoming its Woman's Editor on New Years Day 1970. [2] (#cite_note-grigg-2) [3] (#cite_note-Times_obit-3) Keenan was particularly interested in issues involving children and family. Her regular column, "Growing Point" was widely regarded by professionals working in psychology and social services, as well as the public. [3] (#cite_note-Times_obit-3) [4] (#cite_note-Moira-4) Carter and Keenan and their editorial team were credited with having changed the face of fashion reporting in newspapers, presenting articles that emphasised excellence of design at all price levels. [5] (#cite_note-lester-5) Keenan's younger sister, Brigid (/wiki/Brigid_Keenan) , was also a noted journalist, working as Woman's Editor of The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) whilst Moira held the same role at The Times . [1] (#cite_note-Sale2006-1) Brigid would go on to secure a job at The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) after being mistaken for her more successful sister. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1972, Keenan was the journalist asked to choose that year's Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) for the Museum of Costume, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) . She chose teenage and children's clothing by Biba (/wiki/Biba) , Bobby Hillson (/wiki/Bobby_Hillson) and Burton (/wiki/Burton_(retailer)) . [5] (#cite_note-lester-5) At the time, she commented that young children had never been so aware of their clothing and the importance of their appearance. [5] (#cite_note-lester-5) Keenan died on 16 October 1972, after a ten-year battle with cancer and her requiem mass was held at St Etheldreda's Church (/wiki/St_Etheldreda%27s_Church,_London) on 19 October. [2] (#cite_note-grigg-2) [3] (#cite_note-Times_obit-3) [7] (#cite_note-Requiem-7) Keenan was married to John Ogden and the couple had two sons, Peregrine and William. [3] (#cite_note-Times_obit-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Sale, Jonathan (29 March 2006). "Passed/Failed: An education in the life of Brigid Keenan, journalist" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/passedfailed-an-education-in-the-life-of-brigid-keenan-journalist-6105146.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 18 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Grigg, John (1993). The history of the Times (Vol.6) . London: Office of the Times. p. 189. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780723006107 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Miss Moira Keenan: Times Women's Page editor" (http://find.galegroup.com/dvnw/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=DVNW&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&docId=CS271152977&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London, England. 17 October 1972. p. 16. Gale Document Number: CS271152977 . Retrieved 3 August 2017 – via GALE Group (/wiki/GALE_Group) . ^ (#cite_ref-Moira_4-0) "Moira" (http://find.galegroup.com/dvnw/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=DVNW&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&docId=CS218986329&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London, England. 25 October 1972. p. 13. Gale Document Number: CS218986329 . Retrieved 3 August 2017 – via GALE Group (/wiki/GALE_Group) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lester, Richard (2013). Dress of the year . Antique Collectors' Club. pp. 57–58. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781851497256 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lanzon, Sue (14 May 2014). "A journey from trailing spouse to retirement in Somerset" (http://asiahouse.org/trailing-spouse-retirement/) . Asia House . Retrieved 18 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Requiem_7-0) "Requiem Mass" (http://find.galegroup.com/dvnw/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=DVNW&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&docId=CS354907988&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London, England. 20 October 1972. p. 21. Gale Document Number: CS354907988 . Retrieved 3 August 2017 – via GALE Group (/wiki/GALE_Group) . 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Perfume Antaeus Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Released 1981 Tagline (/wiki/Tagline) The expression of strength and magnetism (http://www.chanel.com/en_AU/fragrance-beauty/Fragrance-Antaeus-113155) Antaeus is a men's perfume produced by French fashion house Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [1] (#cite_note-Antaeus_-_Chanel_Fragrance-1) Introduced in 1981, [2] (#cite_note-El_Universal_(Mexico_City)_-_30_January_2007_-_Mademoiselle_Chanel_rompió_esquemas-2) it was created by perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) . [3] (#cite_note-The_Scotsman_-_31_March_2006_-_Channelling_chanel-3) It was Chanel's second male fragrance after Chanel pour Monsieur, which was introduced in 1955. The fragrance was named after the mythic giant Antaeus (/wiki/Antaeus) . [4] (#cite_note-Calgary_Herald_-_2_November_1982_-_Chanel_senses_male_market-4) [5] (#cite_note-Glasgow_Evening_Times_-_7_October_1983_-_Chanel_don-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Antaeus_-_Chanel_Fragrance_1-0) "Antaeus - Chanel Fragrance" (http://www.chanel.com/en_US/fragrance-beauty/Fragrance-Antaeus-88426) . Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-El_Universal_(Mexico_City)_-_30_January_2007_-_Mademoiselle_Chanel_rompió_esquemas_2-0) Ramírez, Claudia (30 January 2007). "Mademoiselle Chanel rompió esquemas" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estilos/52020.html) . El Universal (/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Scotsman_-_31_March_2006_-_Channelling_chanel_3-0) "Channelling chanel" (http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/fashion/channelling-chanel-1-488375) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Johnston Press (/wiki/Johnston_Press) . 31 March 2006 . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Calgary_Herald_-_2_November_1982_-_Chanel_senses_male_market_4-0) Huxtable, Bernice (2 November 1982). "Chanel senses male market" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Je1kAAAAIBAJ&pg=1093,788810&dq=chanel+antaeus&hl=en) . Calgary Herald (/wiki/Calgary_Herald) . Postmedia Network (/wiki/Postmedia_Network) . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glasgow_Evening_Times_-_7_October_1983_-_Chanel_don_5-0) "Chanel don't come out with a new fragrance every day. When they do... it's almost a historic occasion" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M9BAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3728,1104312&dq=chanel+antaeus&hl=en) . Glasgow Evening Times (/wiki/Glasgow_Evening_Times) . Newsquest Media Group (/wiki/Newsquest_Media_Group) . 7 October 1983 . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . External links [ edit ] Antaeus (http://www.basenotes.net/products/antaeus) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060757/http://www.basenotes.net/products/antaeus) 2013-10-23 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) at Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tqdql Cached time: 20240715053020 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.197 seconds Real time usage: 0.258 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 601/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11593/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 437/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21499/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.128/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4093482/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 244.861 1 -total 49.19% 120.443 1 Template:Reflist 34.00% 83.259 1 Template:Cite_web 27.97% 68.482 1 Template:Short_description 16.57% 40.567 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 16.12% 39.477 2 Template:Pagetype 15.65% 38.331 1 Template:Infobox 8.19% 20.056 4 Template:Cite_news 7.19% 17.595 3 Template:Main_other 6.28% 15.377 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40859626-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715053020 and revision id 1173315826. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antaeus_(perfume)&oldid=1173315826 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antaeus_(perfume)&oldid=1173315826) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Products introduced in 1981 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1981) Designer perfumes (/wiki/Category:Designer_perfumes) Hidden categories: CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)
A one-piece wrap around, Chinese skirt This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baidiequn) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Baidiequn" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Baidiequn%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Baidiequn%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Baidiequn%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Baidiequn%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Baidiequn%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Baidiequn%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Baidiequn Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 百迭裙 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Bǎidiéqún Baidiequn ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 百迭裙 ) , also known as Hundred-change skirt, refers to an ancient style of qun (/wiki/Qun) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 裙 ; lit. ' skirt (/wiki/Skirt) ') worn by Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women in ancient China and is currently worn as a lower garment item in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The baidiequn is typically a long, wrap-around (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) densely pleated (/wiki/Pleat) skirt (/wiki/Skirt) with two flat surfaces at each end of the skirt. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) It started to be worn at least since the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) , where unearthed artifacts of what is now referred as baidiequn were found in the Tomb of Huang Sheng ( 黄升墓 ) of the Southern Song dynasty, Fuzhou (/wiki/Fuzhou) , Fujian Province (/wiki/Fujian) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) : 144 It is also one of the two early Song dynasty prototypes of the mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) : 144 [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Construction and design [ edit ] The baidiequn is made of a single panel of fabric. Its pleats tend to be very narrow and/or dense and almost covers the entire circumference of the skirt, except for the two edges of the skirts which are left non-pleated. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) : 144 Due to the non-pleated edges of the skirt, the skirt form two rectangular flat panels, which are referred as guangmian ( 光面 ); when worn, the two guangmian of the baidiequn overlaps each other appearing to be a single flat panel. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It has a wide waist band and long ribbons which are used as ties. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Modern variation [ edit ] The modern variation of the baidiequn features narrow pleats, which are about one to two centimetres in term of pleat width. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) There is typically no rule on where the guangmian need to be located on its wearer's body, as such the guangmian can be found at the sides, back, or front depending on its wearer's desire. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The length of the baidiequn can also vary depending if it worn alone or is combined with other garments: the classic baidiequn is a long-length skirt which is about ankle or floor-length and can be worn as a stand-alone lower garment; it also the most commonly seen variation of the baidiequn ; the hewei baidiequn ( 合圍 百迭裙 ), also called encircling baidiequn , usually reaches the mid-calf and is used as an over-skirt which can be worn over another qun (/wiki/Qun) or ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) ; the last type is the qianduan houzhuang ( 前短 後長 ), which has a shorter guangmian compared to its pleated regions are floor-length; due to its special construction, the qianduan houzhuang is the only form of baidiequn which requires having its guangmian located at the front of the body. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Related content [ edit ] Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Notes [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "7 Types of Hanfu Skirts That You Should Know - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/34515.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2022-07-23 . Retrieved 2022-07-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "【宋制基础类科普·百迭裙】 出土墓葬:一大… - 堆糖，美图壁纸兴趣社区" (https://www.duitang.com/blog/?id=1222740792) . www.duitang.com . Retrieved 2022-07-31 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Dusenberry, Mary M. (2004). Flowers, dragons and pine trees : Asian textiles in the Spencer Museum of Art . Carol Bier, Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art (1st ed.). New York: Hudson Hills Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-55595-238-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55016186 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55016186) . ^ Jump up to: a b Bonds, Alexandra B. (2019). Beijing opera costumes : the visual communication of character and culture . New York, NY. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-138-06942-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1019842143 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1019842143) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) External links [ edit ] Unearthed artifacts of Baidiequn (https://www.sgss8.com/tpdq/24689114/) Unearthed artifacts of the Baidiequn from the Tomb of Huang Sheng (https://static.aihanfu.net/uploadfile/2018/1026/20181026041855756.jpeg) Modern-style Baidiequn (https://www.sgss8.com/tpdq/24621363/) v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao 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Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jewellery making (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jewellery_making) . Techniques and processes used in making Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Jewellery making (/wiki/Jewellery_making) . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. B Beadwork (/wiki/Category:Beadwork) ‎ (3 C, 51 P) G Gemstone cutting (/wiki/Category:Gemstone_cutting) ‎ (1 C, 12 P) J Jewellers (/wiki/Category:Jewellers) ‎ (6 C, 11 P) Pages in category "Jewellery making" The following 70 pages are in this category, out of 70 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Bench jeweler (/wiki/Bench_jeweler) Jewellery making (/wiki/Jewellery_making) . Handmade jewelry (/wiki/Handmade_jewelry) A Ajouré (/wiki/Ajour%C3%A9) Ancient Egyptian flint jewelry (/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_flint_jewelry) Argentium sterling silver (/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver) Art jewelry (/wiki/Art_jewelry) B Bail (jewelry) (/wiki/Bail_(jewelry)) Basse-taille (/wiki/Basse-taille) George Brooks (jeweler) (/wiki/George_Brooks_(jeweler)) C Callaïs (/wiki/Calla%C3%AFs) Carat (mass) (/wiki/Carat_(mass)) Metal casting (/wiki/Metal_casting) Centrifugal casting (silversmithing) (/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)) Chaser's pitch (/wiki/Chaser%27s_pitch) Chip carving (/wiki/Chip_carving) Cloisonné (/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9) Cupellation (/wiki/Cupellation) D Diamantaire (/wiki/Diamantaire) Djucu (/wiki/Djucu) Dopping cement (/wiki/Dopping_cement) Draw plate (/wiki/Draw_plate) E Earwire (/wiki/Earwire) En résille (/wiki/En_r%C3%A9sille) Engraving (/wiki/Engraving) F Filigree (/wiki/Filigree) Fineness (/wiki/Fineness) Firescale (/wiki/Firescale) Foilbacks (/wiki/Foilbacks) Fretwork (/wiki/Fretwork) G Goldsmith (/wiki/Goldsmith) H Hallmark (/wiki/Hallmark) I Investment casting (/wiki/Investment_casting) J Jewellery Design and Management International School (/wiki/Jewellery_Design_and_Management_International_School) Jewelry model (/wiki/Jewelry_model) Jewelry wire (/wiki/Jewelry_wire) L Lapidary (/wiki/Lapidary) Laser engraving (/wiki/Laser_engraving) Laser sintering of gold (/wiki/Laser_sintering_of_gold) Lost-wax casting (/wiki/Lost-wax_casting) M Manin gold chain (/wiki/Manin_gold_chain) Metal clay (/wiki/Metal_clay) Millesimal fineness (/wiki/Millesimal_fineness) N Nines (notation) (/wiki/Nines_(notation)) O Oil of brick (/wiki/Oil_of_brick) Opus interrasile (/wiki/Opus_interrasile) P Painting with Fire (/wiki/Painting_with_Fire) Peg wood (/wiki/Peg_wood) Persian weave (/wiki/Persian_weave) Piercing saw (/wiki/Piercing_saw) Pith wood (/wiki/Pith_wood) Prong setting (/wiki/Prong_setting) R Repoussé and chasing (/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing) Rock polishing (/wiki/Rock_polishing) S Safed chalwan (/wiki/Safed_chalwan) Scaif (/wiki/Scaif) Siladium (/wiki/Siladium) Silver Filigree of Karimnagar (/wiki/Silver_Filigree_of_Karimnagar) Sinking (metalworking) (/wiki/Sinking_(metalworking)) Skan' (/wiki/Skan%27) Stonesetting (/wiki/Stonesetting) Surgeon's knot (/wiki/Surgeon%27s_knot) T Tarakasi (/wiki/Tarakasi) Thewa (/wiki/Thewa) Tibetan silver (/wiki/Tibetan_silver) Tiffany mount (/wiki/Tiffany_mount) Titanium ring (/wiki/Titanium_ring) V Vitreous enamel (/wiki/Vitreous_enamel) W Wire sculpture (/wiki/Wire_sculpture) Wire wrapped jewelry (/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellery_making&oldid=857203061 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellery_making&oldid=857203061) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery (/wiki/Category:Jewellery) Metalworking (/wiki/Category:Metalworking) Production and manufacturing by product (/wiki/Category:Production_and_manufacturing_by_product) Decorative arts (/wiki/Category:Decorative_arts) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
1907 Sydney bathing costume protests The Esplanade, Coogee ca. 1900 by Charles Kerry & Co. Date 20 October 1907 Location Beaches in Sydney (/wiki/Beaches_in_Sydney) , New South Wales Goals Stop the passing of ordinance requiring males to wear skirt-like tunic when swimming Resulted in Proposal dropped The 1907 Sydney bathing costume protests were a response to a proposed ordinance by the Waverley Shire Council (/wiki/Waverley_Municipal_Council) to require the wearing of a skirt-like tunic (/wiki/Tunic) by male bathers. On the morning of Sunday 20 October, thousands of surf bathing enthusiasts poured onto the sands of Bondi (/wiki/Bondi_Beach) , Manly (/wiki/Manly_Beach) , and Coogee (/wiki/Coogee,_New_South_Wales) beaches in various types of feminine dress enacting a humorous mockery of the proposed regulations. The protest at Bondi was reportedly the largest of the three, with a "swarm of humanity" participating in and observing the protests. The positivity with which the protests were regarded by both the general public and the media proved the end for the Waverley council's costume proposal; the tunic/skirt ordinance was not included in the beach ordinances promulgated in the following months. [1] (#cite_note-warden1907-1) This protest was separate to the 1935 NSW state ordinance relating to the Spooner bathing costume (/wiki/Eric_Spooner#Spooner_bathing_costume) mostly directed at male wearers as bathing trunks (/wiki/Swim_trunks) were considered 'disgraceful'. Proposed costume [ edit ] As beachgoing, and especially swimming in the ocean, became more popular at the end of the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) , there arose a question as to proper dress (/wiki/Swimsuit#History) for participants. [2] (#cite_note-2) While some concessions had to be made to allow for movement, the abbreviated clothing brought out a backlash by those offended by such "exhibitionism". [3] (#cite_note-3) Numerous localities passed and enforced laws setting minimum standards for beach attire. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Waverley Municipal Council (/wiki/City_council) decided that male surf bathers should be as well clothed in the surf as females. Their proposal was to require that a skirt reaching at least to the knees must be added and the arms concealed to near the elbows. The mayor of Waverley described the costume as: "A combination, consisting of guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) with trouser legs and reaching from near the elbow to the bend of the knee, together with a skirt not unsightly but simply attached to the garment and covering the figure below the hips to the knee." Loitering on the beach was also to be prohibited and all communication between bathers and the general public forbidden. The penalties for a breach of the regulation were proposed to be from £1 to £20. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Beach protest [ edit ] The protests against the skirt proposal marked the first representative actions of the Surf Bathing Association of New South Wales, the precursor to Surf Life Saving Australia (/wiki/Surf_Life_Saving_Australia) , formed only days before on 18 October. Members of the Association, outraged by what they saw as their impending emasculation at the hands of the new bathing costume laws, organised the protest in less than two days. The rushed preparations undoubtedly accounted for the dishevelled state of dress in which many of the "ladies" appeared on the day. The beach protests were described as having a "carnival atmosphere", especially at Bondi. In a procession from the northern end of Bondi Beach, men wearing their sisters' or grandmothers' underwear, ballet frills, curtains or tablecloths followed a banner upholding a dead seagull (/wiki/Gull) . [7] (#cite_note-HuntsmanA-7) Reactions [ edit ] Wikisource (/wiki/Wikisource) has original text related to this article: Minutes of the Essendon, Victoria Council (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Independent_(Footscray,_Vic._:_1883_-_1922)/December_1907/Minutes_of_the_Essendon,_Victoria_Council) The Skirt Scare at Manly by "Crow's Nest" In the land of Topsy-Turvy The women are donning shirts And the men in the sea-side places Have taken to wearing skirts... Sing hey, for the whiskered women In trailing skirts encased Sing ho, for the dainty fellows And clasp them round the waist. [8] (#cite_note-8) Opposition to the proposal has been described as "prompt, universal and absolute" and it was quickly dropped. [9] (#cite_note-HuntsmanB-9) The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) declared the regulations to be "an instance of the official mind run mad", arguing that if "both male and female bathers of all ages must be clad in a species of skirt [it] would be too ridiculous for comment were it not that many thousands of persons will immediately become the sufferers, some by the legal penalty, others by abandoning the surf, unless public opinion is enabled to express itself quickly and forcibly". [10] (#cite_note-10) Councils beyond Sydney also found themselves referring to the skirt for men proposal as they deliberated on appropriate clothing for both sexes at the beach. One Councillor at Euroa, Victoria (/wiki/Euroa,_Victoria) for example, suggested the enforcement of a proper costume, from neck to knee, but "did not go as far as the Bondi mayor in New South Wales, in advocating a short skirt in addition". [11] (#cite_note-11) Both individuals and city councils took the opportunity in different forms of writing to laugh at themselves and the absurdities associated with regulating such matters. One person was moved to write a comic poem and councillors in Victoria, for example, bantered. It was pointed out that while "a regulation was in force dealing with the whole matter – hours, costume, etc., ... 'proper costume' varied so much that it was well nigh impossible to get a proper legal definition." Councillor Cole said that he "had defended youngsters who had produced little trunks; but such small articles adorning the fine manly physique of a gentleman of Cr [Councillor] Eddy's Herculean proportions for instance would probably not be deemed at law to be adequate covering. They might, perhaps, emulate the Sydney example of requiring such cases to be met by the adoption of frilled skirts (laughter) – something of the neck and knee order might be more indecent than skirts." [12] (#cite_note-12) Context [ edit ] People generally agreed with strict regulations about dress but the idea of men wearing women's clothing was "going altogether too far", especially as male bathers were considered the "most manly of men" and sea-bathing both pleasurable and healthy. [13] (#cite_note-HuntsmanC-13) The "skirt" ordinance and the consequent demonstrations culminated decades of protest from conservative beach goers who decried the 'exhibitionism' of scantily clad surf bathers. However, the demonstration against the proposal by three Sydney mayors to introduce skirted bathing costumes on Sydney's main beaches showed the resistance particularly of middle-class men who were members of the newly established Surf Bathers Association of New South Wales. [14] (#cite_note-14) The spirit in which the protests were conducted contributed greatly to a general acceptance of surf bathing (/wiki/Sea_bathing) on Sydney's beaches (/wiki/Beaches_in_Sydney) . It was also indicative of changing attitudes toward body image and masculinity in a fledgling nation. [1] (#cite_note-warden1907-1) See also [ edit ] New South Wales portal (/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Warden, Ian. "Men in Skirts: A Decidedly Grotesque Pageant." National Library of Australia News , vol. 6, no. 2 (2007). ^ (#cite_ref-2) Beachwear - History of beachwear (http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Beachwear_-_History_of_beachwear/id/615638) Archived (https://archive.today/20130122151111/http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Beachwear_-_History_of_beachwear/id/615638) 22 January 2013 at archive.today (/wiki/Archive.today) ; accessed 2012.06.05. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Joanne Haug, " History of the bathing Suit (http://www.victoriana.com/library/Beach/FashionableBathingSuits.htm) "; accessed 2012.06.05. ^ (#cite_ref-4) " 60 Interesting Facts About . . . Swimsuits (http://facts.randomhistory.com/swimwear-facts.html) "; accessed 2012.06.05. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Maffra Spectator" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67402060) . The Maffra Spectator (/w/index.php?title=The_Maffra_Spectator&action=edit&redlink=1) . Victoria. 17 October 1907. p. 3 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Commonwealth and New Zealand News" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37565850) . Western Mail (Perth, WA: 1885–1954) (/wiki/Western_Mail_(Western_Australia)) . Perth, WA. 19 October 1907. p. 30 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-HuntsmanA_7-0) Huntsman, Leone (2001). Sand in our Souls: The Beach in Australian History . Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press (/wiki/Melbourne_University_Press) . pp. 61–62, 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0522849458 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Quoted in Huntsman, Leone (2001). Sand in our Souls: The Beach in Australian History . Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0522849458 . ^ (#cite_ref-HuntsmanB_9-0) Huntsman, Leone (2001). Sand in our Souls: The Beach in Australian History . Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 61–62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0522849458 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Skirts and Surf" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14902614) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . NSW. 15 October 1907. p. 4 . Retrieved 18 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Notes at the Council Meeting" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65618817) . Euroa Advertiser (Vic.: 1884–1920) (/wiki/Euroa_Advertiser) . Victoria. 25 October 1907. p. 3 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Minutes of the Essendon, Victoria Council (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Independent_(Footscray,_Vic._:_1883_-_1922)/December_1907/Minutes_of_the_Essendon,_Victoria_Council) , December 1907 ^ (#cite_ref-HuntsmanC_13-0) Huntsman, Leone (2001). Sand in our Souls: The Beach in Australian History . Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 61, 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0522849458 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Metusela, Christine; Gordon Waitt (2012). Tourism and Australian Beach Cultures . Multilingual Matters/ Channel View Publications. p. 33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84541-286-9 . 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Form of lingerie nightcap Mary Pickford (/wiki/Mary_Pickford) wearing a boudoir cap and negligee in 1921 A boudoir cap is a form of lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) that was popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. [1] (#cite_note-1) Description [ edit ] In its original form, the boudoir cap was worn over undressed hair, [2] (#cite_note-2) and has been compared to the 18th century mob cap (/wiki/Mob_cap) . [3] (#cite_note-chico-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Particularly towards the end it was designed to be worn in the privacy of the boudoir (/wiki/Boudoir) with negligees (/wiki/Negligee) or nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) . [3] (#cite_note-chico-3) It was often made from lightweight lingerie-type fabrics such as muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , lace, crochet or net (/wiki/Net_(textile)) , and trimmed with silk ribbon and lace. [3] (#cite_note-chico-3) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) During its later revival in the 1910s and 1920s, it was used to protect short hairstyles whilst sleeping, [6] (#cite_note-cunnington-6) or first thing in the morning as ideal "for the smart bedroom woman" [7] (#cite_note-7) to hide the morning hair mess. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [8] (#cite_note-8) In London, during the WWI Zeppelin raids (/wiki/Zeppelin_Raids) , women grew more self-conscious of their night attire as bombings often led Londoners to evacuate their houses in the middle of the night. Boudoir caps were a preferred choice to rapidly and stylishly cover their hair. [9] (#cite_note-9) Towards the end of the 1920s and into the 1930s, the boudoir cap evolved into a form of decorative hairnet (/wiki/Hairnet) . [6] (#cite_note-cunnington-6) The fashion of short hair for women contributed to the declining use of the boudoir cap. [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W. (/wiki/Cecil_Willett_Cunnington) ; Cunnington, P.E. (/wiki/Phillis_Emily_Cunnington) (2010). The dictionary of fashion history . Oxford: Berg. pp. 55–56. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847887382 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and headwear around the world : a cultural encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 295–296. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610690638 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Boudoir cap, ca. 1917, American" (http://metmuseum.org/collections/search-the-collections/157739) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 7 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lina (2015-03-24). "1920s Boudoir Cap" (http://www.sewhistorically.com/1920s-boudoir-cap/) . Sew Historically . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b Willett Cunnington, C.; Cunnington, Phillis (1992). The history of underclothes . New York: Dover Pub. p. 291. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780486319780 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Boudoir cap, 1926-35" (http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/Online/object.aspx?objectID=object-79650&start=309&rows=1) . Museum of London . Retrieved 7 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "1920s Cap | Boudoir Caps" (http://www.victoriana.com/Fashion/1920s/1920s_Hats/boudoir_caps.html) . www.victoriana.com . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zhang, Sarah (2018-02-07). "WWI's Zeppelin Bombings Popularized the Trend of 'Pyjamas' (https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/02/wwi-zeppelin-air-raid-fashion/552467/) " (https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/02/wwi-zeppelin-air-raid-fashion/552467/) . The Atlantic . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Vintage Fashion Guild : Lingerie Guide : Boudoir Cap" (https://vintagefashionguild.org/lingerie-guide/cap-boudoir/) . vintagefashionguild.org . 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Style of lace-to-toe boot A pair of Flame Panda monkey boots in the lace-to-toe work boot style. Monkey boot style that became popular in the UK in the 60s and 70s. While the yellow lacing isn't present, note the tractor-tread soles and distinctive stitching. Monkey boots are a specific style of lace-to-toe boot that became popular among mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) and skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) subcultures in the United Kingdom [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) and American workers. [3] (#cite_note-3) Variations of monkey boots exist across the world. The two most popular and well-known variations are the style of monkey boot popular in the United Kingdom in the 60's and 70's, [4] (#cite_note-4) and the style of monkey boot designed by workwear companies in the US such as Endicott-Johnson (/wiki/Endicott_Johnson_Corporation) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Red Wing, [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) and Thorogood. [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) The monkey boots popular in the UK are known for their unique "tractor-tread" outsoles, yellow laces, and typically brown, black, or oxblood leather, [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) while the monkey boots produced by American work boot companies are known for their distinctive lace-to-toe construction designed for a more secure fit. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-archivalblog.com-10) Origins [ edit ] The exact origins of the monkey boot are unknown, but some of the earliest iterations are from Czechoslovakia (/wiki/Czechoslovakia) during the 1940s and 50s. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) Postwar (/wiki/Post-war) , monkey boots were exported to different parts of Europe, where they became especially popular in the UK during the 60's and 70's. [12] (#cite_note-:6-12) [13] (#cite_note-:7-13) Subcultural significance in the UK [ edit ] In the 1960s and 70s, monkey boots became popular in the UK among skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) and mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) subcultures. Monkey boots were often thought to be cheaper than Doc Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) , another popular boot within similar subcultures, and were worn as a fashion statement against conformity by mods and skinheads alike. Many mods and skinheads considered monkey boots to be a part of their fashion uniform, and wore them with pride. [14] (#cite_note-14) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As the two subcultures gained mainstream attention, music groups such as The Who (/wiki/The_Who) wore monkey boots to signify their allegiance with their respective subculture. [15] (#cite_note-15) While they were still worn in the 80's and 90's, [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) as the mod and skinhead subcultures shifted and faded, monkey boots became less popular, though they are still sold and worn today throughout the UK. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) [18] (#cite_note-18) Perceptions based on gender and age [ edit ] In the UK monkey boots were sometimes seen by mods and skinheads as shoes worn by women and children. [19] (#cite_note-19) While female skinheads and mods tended to wear more androgynous clothing, including boots, monkey boots became associated with women in certain mod and skinhead groups. [13] (#cite_note-:7-13) Girls and women continued to wear monkey boots to signify their belonging to the mod and skinhead subcultures. [12] (#cite_note-:6-12) [20] (#cite_note-20) American work boot style [ edit ] In America another style of monkey boot was developed. In the 1940s, Red Wing, a popular work boot company, developed their work boot Style 2996–the Lineman. The boot, with its lace-to-toe design, was constructed for workers climbing electrical poles, so that they were more secure and stable. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) In the 1950s Throrogood, an offshoot of the Weinbrenner Shoe Company (/wiki/Weinbrenner_Shoe_Company) , produced style No. 633, another lace-to-toe work boot. Known as a roofer boot or bruiser, Thorogood constructed style No. 633 boots for roofers, carpenters, and other workers who benefited from the security of the lace-to-toe design. [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) [10] (#cite_note-archivalblog.com-10) Sears (/wiki/Sears) and Endicott-Johnson (/wiki/Endicott_Johnson_Corporation) also produced their own lace-to-toe worker boots in the 1940s and through the 1960s. [21] (#cite_note-:4-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) While none of the US work boots at the time they were made were called monkey boots, the name has since become attached to the specific lace-to-toe style. [23] (#cite_note-23) Flame Panda monkey boots from above in the lace-to-toe work boot style. Modern day [ edit ] Both variations of monkey boot are worn today, whether by modern mods and skinheads, workers, or workwear fashion enthusiasts. [24] (#cite_note-24) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Chris. Booted and Suited: The Real Story of the 1970s – It Ain’t No Boogie Wonderland. John Blake, 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b "Grafter Original Wine Leather Monkey Boot Men's Size 11 US Vintage Czechia" (https://www.ebay.com/itm/256472438023) . eBay . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "1949 Sears Midseason Spring Catalogue". Trade Catalogues and the American Home . 1949 – via Adam Mattew. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hatherley, Owen (2015). "Clean Living under Difficult Circumstances: Modernist Pop and Modernist Architecture—A Short History of a Misunderstanding" (https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474256209.ch-013) . British Design: Tradition and Modernity After 1948 : 155–172. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781474256209.ch-013 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781474256209.ch-013) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4742-5620-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Workwear, Vintage. "George F. Johnson & The Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company" (http://www.vintageworkwear.com/2010/10/george-f-johnson-endicott-johnson-shoe.html) . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b London, Red Wing. "The History of the Lineman Boot" (https://www.redwinglondon.com/blogs/red-wing-london-blog/historical-perspective-the-history-of-the-lineman-boot) . Red Wing London . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Thorogood Work Boots Safety and Non-Safety | American Made. Union Made | Lifetime Union Member Discounts | Free Shipping and Exchanges" (http://www.theunionbootpro.com/faq_sizingHIST.cfm) . www.theunionbootpro.com . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Classic Iconic Original Grafters Monkey Boots with Tractor Tyre style sole unit" (https://mayorssports.com/en-us/products/grafters-monkey-boots) . Mayors Sports and Menswear . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Strickland, Matt. "1940's Endicott Johnson Lace to Toe Work Boots" (http://www.rivet-head.com/2010/10/1940s-endicott-johnson-lace-to-toe-work.html) . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Archival Repost: Thorogood Boots (and catalog scans) – Archival Clothing blog" (https://archivalblog.com/archival-review-thorogood-boots/) . 2020-01-16 . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Do the monkey: Eastern Bloc boots for East End kids" (https://creaseslikeknives.wordpress.com/2017/12/26/do-the-monkey-eastern-bloc-boots-for-east-end-kids/) . Creases Like Knives . 2017-12-26 . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b Back, Les (2000). "Voices of Hate, Sounds of Hybridity: Black Music and the Complexities of Racism" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/779464) . Black Music Research Journal . 20 (2): 127–149. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/779464 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F779464) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0276-3605 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0276-3605) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 779464 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/779464) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cool Places" (https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203975596-7) , Routledge, 2005-08-18, pp. 11–42, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4324/9780203975596-7 (https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203975596-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-203-97559-6 , retrieved 2024-04-10 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-14) " (https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/punk.7.2.181_1) 'Put on your boots and Harrington!': The ordinariness of 1970s UK punk dress | Intellect" (https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/punk.7.2.181_1) . intellectdiscover.com . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1386/punk.7.2.181_1 (https://doi.org/10.1386%2Fpunk.7.2.181_1) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2299/20522 (https://hdl.handle.net/2299%2F20522) . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Won't Get Fooled Again" (https://www.thewho.com/music/wont-get-fooled-again-2/) . The Who . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "June 1989" (https://www.thrashermagazine.com/articles/magazine/june-1989/?tmpl=component) . www.thrashermagazine.com . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) LLC, SPIN Media (April 1990). SPIN . SPIN Media LLC (published 1990). pp. Classifieds. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: date and year ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year) ) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Unboxing my Solovair Monkey Boots – Go Ask Ellice . Retrieved 2024-04-10 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Knight, Nick (1982). Skinhead . London; New York: Omnibus. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7119-0052-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Suterwalla, Shehnaz (2012). "Cut, Layer, Break, Fold: Fashioning Gendered Difference, 1970s to the Present" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23611790) . Women's Studies Quarterly . 41 (1/2): 267–284. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0732-1562 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0732-1562) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 23611790 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23611790) . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_21-0) "Sears 1949 Midseason Spring Catalogue". Trade Catalogues and the American Home (/w/index.php?title=Trade_Catalogues_and_the_American_Home&action=edit&redlink=1) – via Adam Matthew. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Strickland, Matt. "1940's Endicott Johnson Lace to Toe Work Boots" (http://www.rivet-head.com/2010/10/1940s-endicott-johnson-lace-to-toe-work.html) . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) What are Monkey Boots? . Retrieved 2024-04-10 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/monkeyboots/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . 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Danish clothing company DK Company Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded Ikast (/wiki/Ikast) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) , 2001 ( 2001 ) Headquarters Ikast , Denmark Number of locations 450 retail stores in 35 countries Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Revenue 4.6 billion DKK [1] (#cite_note-1) Number of employees 2,400 Website http://www.dkcompany.dk (http://www.dkcompany.dk) DK Company is a clothing company based in Ikast (/wiki/Ikast) , Denmark, with two additional divisions in Vejle (/wiki/Vejle) and Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) . Founded in 2001, DK Company has, with 2,400 employees and 450 retail stores, grown to become one of Europe's leading suppliers of fashion. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] DK Company was established in 2001 by Jens Poulsen. It maintains its own brand, Jasmin, and private label production for external fashion labels. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2012, DK Company acquired three divisions from BTX Group: the Young division (Blend, FQ1924, ICHI, Gestuz, and Blend She), the Modern division (Fransa, b.young, Dranella, and Veto), and the Modern division (Modern). In 2014, DK Company acquired four brands from IC Group (/wiki/IC_Group) : InWear, Matinique, Part Two, and Soaked in Luxury. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2019, DK Company acquired the brands Saint Tropez (/wiki/Saint_Tropez_(brand)) , Solid and Tailored & Originals. Saint Tropez was integrated into the Copenhagen office, while Solid and Tailored & Originals were integrated into Vejle. [6] (#cite_note-6) Brands [ edit ] DK Company covers 26 brands [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Atelier Rêve Blend BON'A PARTE b.young Casual Friday Cream Culture Fransa, and Fransa Plus Size FQ 1924 Gestuz ICHI InWear KAFFE, and KAFFE curve Karen by Simonsen Lounge Nine Matinique My Essential Wardrobe Part Two Pulz Jeans Saint Tropez (/wiki/Saint_Tropez_(brand)) Soaked in Luxury Solid Sorbet Tailored Originals The Jogg Concept References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "DK Companys vd: "2023 blir ett konsolideringsår" (https://www.habit.se/article/view/895339/dk_companys_vd_2023_blir_ett_konsolideringsar) " (https://www.habit.se/article/view/895339/dk_companys_vd_2023_blir_ett_konsolideringsar) . February 2023 . Retrieved 2023-02-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About-us" (https://www.dkcompany.com/en-en/about-us) . www.dkcompany.com . Retrieved 2023-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Our story" (https://www.dkcompany.com/en-en/about-us/our-story) . www.dkcompany.com . Retrieved 2023-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "IC Companys sælger fire kendte tøjmærker" (http://politiken.dk/oekonomi/virksomheder/ECE2246669/ic-companys-saelger-fire-kendte-toejmaerker/) . Politiken. 27 March 2014 . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ukendt jysk købmand bag nyt kæmpe modehus" (https://www.berlingske.dk/virksomheder/ukendt-jysk-koebmand-bag-nyt-kaempe-modehus) . Berlingske. 13 September 2014 . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Our story" (https://www.dkcompany.com/en-en/about-us/our-story) . www.dkcompany.com . Retrieved 2023-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Brands on official webpage" (https://www.dkcompany.com/en-en/brands) . Retrieved 2023-02-01 . [ non-primary source needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Koncernchef i DK Company: Jeg vil helst ikke tage del i sortsynet" (https://finans.dk/erhverv/ECE14922803/koncernchef-i-dk-company-jeg-vil-helst-ikke-tage-del-i-sortsynet/) . 31 January 2023 . Retrieved 2023-02-28 . 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(Redirected from Cutting hair (/w/index.php?title=Cutting_hair&redirect=no) ) Style of hair, usually on the human scalp "Haircut" redirects here. For other uses, see Haircut (disambiguation) (/wiki/Haircut_(disambiguation)) . "Hairdo" redirects here. For the Little Birdy song, see Hairdo (song) (/wiki/Hairdo_(song)) . "Hairstyles" redirects here. For the magazine, see Hairstyles (magazine) (/wiki/Hairstyles_(magazine)) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Hairstyle" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hairstyle%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hairstyle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hairstyle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hairstyle%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hairstyle%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hairstyle%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Chinese woman with an elaborate hair style, 1869 Traditional hairstyle (/wiki/Nihongami) of a Japanese bride (/wiki/Marriage_in_Japan) Female figure with elaborate coiffure and hairpins, 1st century BC Hopi (/wiki/Hopi) woman dressing hair, ca. 1900 A hairstyle , hairdo , haircut or coiffure refers to the styling of hair (/wiki/Hair) , usually on the human head (/wiki/Human_head) but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming (/wiki/Personal_grooming) , fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , and cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles. The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding (/wiki/Braid) which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also often kept covered outside the home, especially for married women. Prehistory and history [ edit ] People's hairstyles are largely determined by the fashions of the culture they live in. Hairstyles are markers and signifiers of social class, age, marital status, racial identification, political beliefs, and attitudes about gender. Some people may cover their hair totally or partially for cultural or religious reasons. Notable examples of head covering include women in Islam who wear the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , married women in Haredi Judaism (/wiki/Haredi_Judaism) who wear the sheitel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) or tichel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) , married Himba (/wiki/Himba_people) men who cover their hair except when in mourning, Tuareg (/wiki/Tuareg_people) men who wear a veil, and baptized men and women in Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism) who wear the dastar (/wiki/Dastar) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Paleolithic [ edit ] The oldest known reproduction of hair braiding (/wiki/Braid) lies back about 30,000 years: the Venus of Willendorf (/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf) , now known in academia as the Woman of Willendorf, of a female figurine (/wiki/Venus_figurine) from the Paleolithic (/wiki/Paleolithic) , estimated to have been made between about 28,000 and 25,000 BCE (/wiki/Common_Era) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The Venus of Brassempouy (/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy) counts about 25,000 years old and indisputably shows hairstyling. The Venus of Willendorf (/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf) with braided hair The Venus of Brassempouy (/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy) Bronze Age [ edit ] Bronze Figure With Towering Hair from Sanxingdui (/wiki/Sanxingdui) , Shu (/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)) In the Bronze Age (/wiki/Bronze_Age) , razors were known and in use by some men, but not on a daily basis since the procedure was rather unpleasant and required resharpening of the tool which reduced its endurance. [5] (#cite_note-5) Reconstructed headgear of Puabi (/wiki/Puabi) , the First Dynasty of Ur, circa 2500 BC, Early Dynastic period III (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)) Golden helmet imitating hairstyle, the First Dynasty of Ur, circa 2500 BC, Early Dynastic period III Sumerian portrait statuette of a woman Sumerian statue from Khafajah, female worshiper Ancient history [ edit ] In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways. Women coloured their hair, curled it, and pinned it up (ponytail) in a variety of ways. For waves and curls, they used wet clay, which they dried in the sun before combing out, or they used a jelly made from quince (/wiki/Quince) seeds soaked in water. Additionally, various kinds of curling tongs (/wiki/Hair_iron) and curling irons (/wiki/Hair_iron) were popular tools for hair styling. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Hairstyles in ancient Korea and Japan were influenced by Chinese hairstyles. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) For instance, the chu'kye style worn in Koguryo (/wiki/Goguryeo) was similar in style and head placement as the chu'kye style in China. The hairstyles were characterized by the large topknots on women's heads. Also, hairstyles were used as an expression of beauty, social status, and marital status. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) For instance, Japanese girls wore a mae-gami to symbolize the start of their coming-of-age ceremony. Single women in Baekjae put their hair in a long pigtail and married women would braid their hair on both sides of the head. The hairstyles displayed their marital status to those around them. [ citation needed ] Roman Empire and Middle Ages [ edit ] Romano-British hair piece with jet (/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)) pins found in a lead coffin in Roman York (/wiki/Eboracum) Late 1st century BC portrait of a Roman woman with an elaborate hairstyle found on the Via Latina (/wiki/Via_Latina) in Rome (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) 130 AD bust of Vibia Sabina (/wiki/Vibia_Sabina) with a hairband and centre parting Between 27 BC and 102 AD, in Imperial Rome (/wiki/Roman_Empire) , women wore their hair in complicated styles: a mass of curls on top, or in rows of waves, drawn back into ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) or braids (/wiki/Braid) . Eventually noble women's hairstyles grew so complex that they required daily attention from several slaves and a stylist in order to be maintained. The hair was often lightened using wood ash (/wiki/Wood_ash) , unslaked lime (/wiki/Calcium_oxide) and sodium bicarbonate (/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate) , or darkened with copper filings, oak-apples (/wiki/Oak_apple) or leeches (/wiki/Leech) marinated in wine and vinegar. [9] (#cite_note-adams1-9) It was augmented by wigs, hairpieces and pads, and held in place by nets, pins, combs and pomade. Under the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) , noblewomen covered most of their hair with silk caps and pearl nets. [10] (#cite_note-yarwood216-10) From the time of the Roman Empire [ citation needed ] until the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow. It was normally just styled through cutting, as women's hair was tied up on the head and covered on most occasions when outside the home by using a snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) , kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) or veil (/wiki/Veil) ; for an adult woman to wear uncovered and loose hair in the street was often restricted to prostitutes. Braiding and tying the hair was common. In the 16th century, women began to wear their hair in extremely ornate styles, often decorated with pearls, precious stones, ribbons, and veils. Women used a technique called "lacing" or "taping," in which cords or ribbons were used to bind the hair around their heads. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) During this period, most of the hair was braided and hidden under wimples (/wiki/Wimple) , veils or couvrechefs (/wiki/Kerchief) . In the later half of the 15th century and on into the 16th century, a very high hairline on the forehead was considered attractive, and wealthy women frequently plucked out hair at their temples and the napes of their necks, or used depilatory cream (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) to remove it, if it would otherwise be visible at the edges of their hair coverings. [12] (#cite_note-12) Working-class women in this period wore their hair in simple styles. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) Early modern history [ edit ] Male styles [ edit ] During the 15th and 16th centuries, European men wore their hair cropped no longer than shoulder-length, with very fashionable men wearing bangs or fringes. In Italy, it was common for men to dye their hair. [13] (#cite_note-13) In the early 17th century male hairstyles grew longer, with waves or curls being considered desirable in upper-class European men. The male wig was supposedly pioneered by King Louis XIII of France (/wiki/Louis_XIII) (1601–1643) in 1624 when he had prematurely begun to bald. [14] (#cite_note-14) This fashion was largely promoted by his son and successor Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV) (1638–1715) that contributed to its spread in European (/wiki/Europe) and European-influenced countries. The beard (/wiki/Beard) had been in a long decline and now disappeared among the upper classes. Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced into the English-speaking world with other French styles when Charles II (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) was restored to the throne (/wiki/Stuart_Restoration) in 1660, following a lengthy exile in France. These wigs were shoulder-length or longer, imitating the long hair that had become fashionable among men since the 1620s. Their use soon became popular in the English court. The London diarist Samuel Pepys (/wiki/Samuel_Pepys) recorded the day in 1665 that a barber (/wiki/Barber) had shaved his head and that he tried on his new periwig for the first time, but in a year of plague (/wiki/Black_Death) he was uneasy about wearing it: 3rd September 1665: Up, and put on my coloured silk suit, very fine, and my new periwig, bought a good while since, but darst not wear it because the plague was in Westminster (/wiki/Westminster) when I bought it. And it is a wonder what will be the fashion after the plague is done as to periwigs, for nobody will dare to buy any hair for fear of the infection? That it had been cut off the heads of people dead of the plague. Late 17th-century wigs were very long and wavy (see George I below), but became shorter in the mid-18th century, by which time they were normally white (George II). A very common style had a single stiff curl running round the head at the end of the hair. By the late 18th century the natural hair was often powdered to achieve the impression of a short wig, tied into a small tail or "queue" behind (George III). Short hair for fashionable men was a product of the Neoclassical movement (/wiki/Neoclassicism) . Classically inspired male hair styles included the Bedford Crop (/wiki/Bedford_Crop) , arguably the precursor of most plain modern male styles, which was invented by the radical politician Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (/wiki/Francis_Russell,_5th_Duke_of_Bedford) as a protest against a tax on hair powder (/wiki/Duty_on_Hair_Powder_Act_1795) ; he encouraged his friends to adopt it by betting them they would not. Another influential style (or group of styles) was named by the French " coiffure à la Titus (/wiki/Titus_haircut) " after Titus Junius Brutus (/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus) (not in fact the Roman Emperor Titus (/wiki/Titus) as often assumed), with hair short and layered but somewhat piled up on the crown, often with restrained quiffs or locks hanging down; variants are familiar from the hair of both Napoleon (/wiki/Napoleon) and George IV (/wiki/George_IV) . The style was supposed to have been introduced by the actor François-Joseph Talma (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma) , who upstaged his wigged co-actors when appearing in productions of works such as Voltaire (/wiki/Voltaire) 's Brutus (/wiki/Brutus_(tragedy)) (about Lucius Junius Brutus (/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus) , who orders the execution of his son Titus). In 1799, a Parisian fashion magazine reported that even bald men were adopting Titus wigs, [15] (#cite_note-15) and the style was also worn by women, the Journal de Paris (/wiki/Journal_de_Paris) reporting in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women were wearing their hair or wig à la Titus ". [16] (#cite_note-16) In the early 19th century the male beard, and also moustaches (/wiki/Moustache) and sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) , made a strong reappearance, associated with the Romantic movement (/wiki/Romanticism) , and all remained very common until the 1890s, after which younger men ceased to wear them, with World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , when the majority of men in many countries saw military service, finally despatching the full beard except for older men retaining the styles of their youth, and those affecting a Bohemian (/wiki/Bohemianism) look. The short military-style moustache remained popular. Female styles [ edit ] Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) with pouf hairstyle From the 16th to the 19th century, European women's hair became more visible while their hair coverings grew smaller, with both becoming more elaborate, and with hairstyles beginning to include ornamentation such as flowers, ostrich plumes, ropes of pearls, jewels, ribbons and small crafted objects such as replicas of ships and windmills. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) [17] (#cite_note-17) Bound hair was felt to be symbolic of propriety: loosening one's hair was considered immodest and sexual, and sometimes was felt to have supernatural connotations. [18] (#cite_note-18) Red hair was popular, particularly in England during the reign of the red-haired Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I) , and women and aristocratic men used borax (/wiki/Borax) , saltpeter (/wiki/Potassium_nitrate) , saffron (/wiki/Saffron) and sulfur (/wiki/Sulfur) powder to dye their hair red, making themselves nauseated and giving themselves headaches and nosebleeds. [9] (#cite_note-adams1-9) [19] (#cite_note-19) During this period in Spain and Latin cultures, women wore lace mantillas (/wiki/Mantilla) , often worn over a high comb, [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) [20] (#cite_note-20) and in Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , there developed a fashion for extremely large tortoise-shell hair combs called peinetón (/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n) , which could measure up to three feet in height and width, and which are said by historians to have reflected the growing influence of France, rather than Spain, upon Argentinians. [21] (#cite_note-21) In the middle of the 18th century the pouf (/wiki/Pouf) style developed, with women creating volume in the hair at the front of the head, usually with a pad underneath to lift it higher, and ornamented the back with seashells, pearls or gemstones. In 1750, women began dressing their hair with perfumed pomade and powdering it white. Just before World War I, some women began wearing silk turbans over their hair. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) Japan [ edit ] In the early 1870s, in a shift that historians attribute to the influence of the West, [22] (#cite_note-22) Japanese men began cutting their hair into styles known as jangiri or zangiri (which roughly means "random cropping"). [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) During this period, Japanese women were still wearing traditional hairstyles (/wiki/Nihongami) held up with combs, pins, and sticks (/wiki/Kanzashi) crafted from tortoise, metal, wood and other materials, [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) but in the middle 1880s, upper-class Japanese women began pushing back their hair in the Western style (known as sokuhatsu ), or adopting Westernized versions of traditional Japanese hairstyles (these were called yakaimaki , or literally, "soirée chignon"). [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) Movie star Rudolph Valentino (/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino) Inter-war years [ edit ] During the First World War, women around the world started to shift to shorter hairstyles that were easier to manage. After WWI women started for to bob (/wiki/Bob_cut) , shingle (/wiki/Bob_cut) and crop (/wiki/Pixie_cut) their hair, often covering it with small head-hugging cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) hats. In Korea, the bob was called tanbal . [24] (#cite_note-24) In Europe and the US the bob was seen as a step towards women's liberation. [25] (#cite_note-25) Women began marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) their hair, creating deep waves in it using heated scissor irons. Durable permanent waving (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) became popular also in this period: [26] (#cite_note-WDL-26) it was an expensive, uncomfortable and time-consuming process, in which the hair was put in curlers (/wiki/Hair_roller) and inserted into a steam or dry heat machine. During the 1930s women began to wear their hair slightly longer, in pageboys (/wiki/Pageboy) , bobs or waves and curls. [10] (#cite_note-yarwood216-10) During the 1920s and 1930s, Japanese women began wearing their hair in a style called mimi-kakushi (literally, "ear hiding"), in which hair was pulled back to cover the ears and tied into a bun at the nape of the neck. Waved or curled hair became increasingly popular for Japanese women throughout this period, and permanent waves, though controversial, were extremely popular. Bobbed hair also became more popular for Japanese women, mainly among actresses and moga (/wiki/Modern_girl) , or "cut-hair girls," young Japanese women who followed Westernized fashions and lifestyles in the 1920s. [23] (#cite_note-slade2010-23) During this period, Western men began to wear their hair in ways popularized by movie stars such as Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.) and Rudolph Valentino (/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino) . Men wore their hair short, and either parted on the side or in the middle, or combed straight back, and used pomade (/wiki/Pomade) , creams and tonics (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) to keep their hair in place. At the beginning of the Second World War and for some time afterwards, men's haircuts grew shorter, mimicking the military crewcut (/wiki/Crew_cut) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Post-war years [ edit ] After the war, women started to wear their hair in softer, more natural styles. In the early 1950s women's hair was generally curled and worn in a variety of styles and lengths. In the later 1950s, high bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) and beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) styles, sometimes nicknamed B-52s (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) for their similarity to the bulbous noses of the B-52 Stratofortress (/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress) bomber, became popular. [28] (#cite_note-28) During this period many women washed and set their hair only once a week, and kept it in place by wearing curlers (/wiki/Hair_iron) every night and reteasing and respraying it every morning. [29] (#cite_note-29) In the 1960s, many women began to wear their hair in short modern cuts such as the pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) , while in the 1970s, hair tended to be longer and looser. In both the 1960s and 1970s many men and women wore their hair very long and straight. [30] (#cite_note-Yarwood_1978_220-30) Long, natural hair was also worn due to the emergence of counterculture (/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s) movements such as the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) who used such styles to symbolize their opposition to the norm. From the 1950s onward, various groups have pushed the norms for hairstyles as symbols of their unique ideology or identity. The Skinheads (/wiki/Skinhead) , who opposed the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) , shaved off much of their hair. The Punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) of the later 1970s, meanwhile, wanted to cause outrage, styling their hair in unique ways (such as the mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) ) and dyeing it in unnatural shades. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Women straightened their hair through chemical straightening processes, by ironing their hair at home with a clothes iron (/wiki/Clothes_iron) , or by rolling it up with large empty soda cans while wet. [32] (#cite_note-32) Since the 1960s and 1970s, women have worn their hair in a wide variety of styles. Part of this came from the "Black is Beautiful" movement which promoted the natural beauty of the Black population as opposed to what some considered a Eurocentric model. Some critics argue that straightening or relaxing African hair is trying to conform to a white standard of beauty. However, there are those that disagree with this belief. Nevertheless, Malcom X advised against Black people straightening their hair for such reasons. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) Black hair then became not only an act of beauty but an act of revolution. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) The Afro, specifically, was both fashionable and political in the 1960s onward. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) However, the Afro, or "the natural", as it was first called, was not originally a political choice, but a style favored by both artistic and intellectual Black communities in the 1940s and 1950s. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) Bantu Knots Woman wearing a loose Afro (/wiki/Afro) Contemporary hairstyles [ edit ] Man with styled hair, 2011 The challenges to social norms for hair in the 1960s onward alongside the more accessible hair dyes allowed for a variation in hairstyles to emerge. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) In the contemporary world, women and men can choose from a broad range of hairstyles. But they are still expected to wear their hair in ways that conform to gender norms: in much of the world, men with long hair and women whose hair does not appear carefully groomed may face various forms of discrimination, including harassment, social shaming or workplace discrimination. [35] (#cite_note-35) This is somewhat less true of African-American men, who wear their hair in a variety of styles that overlap with those of African-American women, including box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) and cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) fastened with rubber bands and dreadlocks. [36] (#cite_note-36) In the 1980s, women pulled back their hair with scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) , stretchy ponytail holders made from cloth over fabric bands. Women also often wear glittery ornaments today, as well as claw-style barrettes (/wiki/Hair_clip) used to secure ponytails (/wiki/Ponytail) and other upswept or partially upswept hairstyles. [11] (#cite_note-sherrow2-11) The 1980s in America also were a time of noted turmoil between hair choices. Tensions arose particularly between hair choices from women of color, and the workplace as noted by court cases such as Rogers v. American Airlines (/wiki/Rogers_v._American_Airlines_(1981)) which upheld employers rights to ban certain hairstyles in the workplace, notably braided hairstyles. Additional instances of USPS, hotel chains, police departments and another industries banning hairstyles common within the Black American community such as braids, colored hair, and dreadlocks from the workplace during this period. [33] (#cite_note-:2-33) Defining factors [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . You can help (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hairstyle&action=edit) . The talk page (/wiki/Talk:Hairstyle) may contain suggestions. ( December 2020 ) A hairstyle's aesthetic considerations may be determined by many factors, such as the subject's physical attributes and desired self-image and/or the stylist's artistic instincts. Physical factors include natural hair type and growth patterns, face and head shape from various angles, and overall body proportions; medical considerations may also apply. Self-image may be directed toward conforming to mainstream values (military-style crew cuts (/wiki/Crew_cut) or current "fad" hairstyles such as the Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) ), identifying with distinctively groomed subgroups (e.g., punk hair (/wiki/Punk_fashion) ), or obeying religious dictates (e.g., Orthodox Jewish have payot (/wiki/Payot) , Rastafari have Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) , North India jatas, or the Sikh practice of Kesh (/wiki/Kesh_(Sikhism)) ), though this is highly contextual such that "mainstream" look in one setting may be limited to a "subgroup" in another. A hairstyle is achieved by arranging hair in a certain way, occasionally using combs, a blow-dryer, gel, or other products. The practice of styling hair is often called hairdressing (/wiki/Hairdresser) , especially when done as an occupation. Hairstyling may also include adding accessories (such as headbands or barrettes) to the hair to hold it in place, enhance its ornamental appearance, or partially or fully conceal it with coverings such as a kippah (/wiki/Kippah) , hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , tam or turban (/wiki/Turban) . Process [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hairstyle) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In the United States, cosmetology students purchase practice heads with human hair to learn cutting, coloring and styling. Hair dressing may include cuts, weaves (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) , coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) , extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) , perms (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) , permanent relaxers, curling, and any other form of styling or texturing. Washing [ edit ] Stylists often wash a subject's hair (/wiki/Hair_washing) first, so that the hair is cut while still slightly damp. Compared to dry hair, wet hair can be easier to manage in a cut/style situation because the added weight and surface tension (/wiki/Surface_tension) of the water cause the strands to stretch downward and cling together along the hair's length, holding a line and making it easier for the stylist to create a form. It is important to note that this method of cutting hair while wet, may be most suitable (or common) for straight hair types. Curly, kinky and other types of hair textures with considerable volume may benefit from cutting while dry, as the hair is in a more natural state and the hair can be cut evenly. Cutting [ edit ] Hair cutting or hair trimming is intended to create or maintain a specific shape and form. There are ways to trim one's own hair but usually another person is enlisted to perform the process, as it is difficult to maintain symmetry while cutting hair at the back of one's head. Cutting hair is often done with hair clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) , scissors (/wiki/Scissors) , and razors (/wiki/Razor) . Combs and hair grips (/wiki/Bobby_pin) are often employed to isolate a section of hair which is then trimmed. Brushing and combing [ edit ] Brushes and combs are used to organize and untangle the hair, encouraging all of the strands to lie in the same direction and removing debris such as lint (/wiki/Lint_(material)) , dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) , or hairs that have already shed from their follicles but continue to cling to the other hairs. There are all manner of detangling tools available in a wide variety of price ranges. Combs (/wiki/Comb) come in all shapes and sizes and all manner of materials including plastics, wood, and horn. Similarly, brushes also come in all sizes and shapes, including various paddle shapes. Most benefit from using some form of a wide tooth comb for detangling. Most physicians advise against sharing hair care instruments like combs and clips, to prevent spreading hair conditions like dandruff (/wiki/Dandruff) and head lice (/wiki/Head_louse) . The historical dictum to brush hair with one hundred strokes every day is somewhat archaic, dating from a time when hair was washed less frequently; the brushstrokes would spread the scalp's natural oils down through the hair, creating a protective effect. Now, however, this does not apply when the natural oils have been washed off by frequent shampoos. Also, hairbrushes are now usually made with rigid plastic bristles instead of the natural boar's bristles that were once standard; the plastic bristles increase the likelihood of actually injuring the scalp and hair with excessively vigorous brushing. However, traditional brushes with boar's bristles are still commonly used among African Americans and those with coarse or kinky textures to soften and lay down curls and waves. [ citation needed ] Drying [ edit ] Hair dryers (/wiki/Hair_dryer) speed the drying process of hair by blowing air, which is usually heated, over the wet hair shaft to accelerate the rate of water evaporation. Excessive heat may increase the rate of shaft-splitting or other damage to the hair. Hair dryer diffusers can be used to widen the stream of air flow so it is weaker but covers a larger area of the hair. Hair dryers can also be used as a tool to sculpt the hair to a very slight degree. Proper technique involves aiming the dryer such that the air does not blow onto the face or scalp, which can cause burns. Other common hair drying techniques include towel drying and air drying. A barber practicing a haircut in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) Braiding and updos [ edit ] Tight or frequent braiding (/wiki/Braid) may pull at the hair roots and cause traction alopecia (/wiki/Traction_alopecia) . Rubber bands (/wiki/Rubber_band) with metal (/wiki/Metal) clasps (/wiki/Fastener) or tight clips, which bend the hair shaft at extreme angles, can have the same effect. Updo An updo is a hair style that involves arranging the hair so that it is carried high on the head. It can be as simple as a ponytail, but is more commonly associated with more elaborate styles intended for special occasions such as a prom (/wiki/Prom) or weddings. If hair is pinned too tightly, or the whole updo slips causing pulling on the hair in the follicle at the hair root, it can cause aggravation to the hair follicle and result in headaches. Although some people of African heritage may use braiding extensions (long term braiding hairstyle) as a form of convenience and/or as a reflection of personal style, it is important not to keep the braids up longer than needed to avoid hair breakage or hair loss. Proper braiding technique and maintenance can result in no hair damage even with repeated braid styles. Curling and straightening [ edit ] Curling and straightening hair requires the stylist to use a curling rod or a flat iron to get a desired look. These irons use heat to manipulate the hair into a variety of waves, curls and reversing natural curls and temporarily straightening the hair. Straightening or even curling hair can damage it due to direct heat from the iron and applying chemicals afterwards to keep its shape. There are irons that have a function to straighten or curl hair even when it is damp (from showering or wetting the hair), but this requires more heat than the average iron (temperatures can range from 300 to 450 °F (150 to 230 °C)). Heat protection sprays and hair-repairing shampoos and conditioners can protect hair from damage caused by the direct heat from the irons. Industry [ edit ] This section duplicates (/wiki/Wikipedia:CFORK) the scope of other sections , specifically #Process (#Process) . Please discuss this issue (/wiki/Talk:Hairstyle) and help introduce a summary style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by splitting the content (/wiki/Wikipedia:SPLIT) into a new article. ( April 2021 ) Hair styling is a major world industry, from the salon itself to products, advertising, and even magazines on the subject. In the United States, most hairstylists are licensed after obtaining training at a cosmetology or beauty school. [37] (#cite_note-37) In recent years, competitive events for professional stylists have grown in popularity. Stylists compete on deadline to create the most elaborate hairstyle using props, lights and other accessories. Tools [ edit ] Hair being straightened with a hair iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Styling tools (/wiki/Hairstyling_tool) may include hair irons (/wiki/Hair_iron) (including flat, curling, and crimping irons), hair dryers (/wiki/Hair_dryer) , hair brushes (/wiki/Hairbrush) and hair rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) . Hair dressing might also include the use of hair product to add texture, shine, curl, volume or hold to a particular style. Hairpins (/wiki/Hairpin_(fashion)) are also used when creating particular hairstyles. Their uses and designs vary over different cultural backgrounds. Products [ edit ] Styling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) aside from shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) and conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) are many and varied. Leave-in conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , conditioning treatments (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) , gels (/wiki/Hair_gel) , lotions, waxes (/wiki/Hair_wax) , creams, clays (/wiki/Hair_clay) , serums (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) , oils, and sprays (/wiki/Hair_spray) are used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it in place in a certain style. Applied properly, most styling products will not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling products contain alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals which can cause build-up, resulting in dull hair or a change in perceived texture. Wigs [ edit ] In the late 18th century and early 19th century, powdered wigs (/wiki/Powdered_wig) were popular Care of human or other natural hair wigs (/wiki/Wig) is similar to care of a normal head of hair in that the wig can be brushed, styled, and kept clean using haircare products. Wigs can serve as a form of protective styling that allows freedom of control of the hairstyling. Synthetic wigs are usually made from a fine fiber that mimics human hair. This fiber can be made in almost any color and hairstyle, and is often glossier than human hair. However, this fiber is sensitive to heat and cannot be styled with flat irons or curling irons. There is a newer synthetic fiber that can take heat up to a certain temperature. Human hair wigs can be styled with heat, and they must be brushed only when dry. Synthetic and human hair wigs should be brushed dry before shampooing to remove tangles. To clean the wig, the wig should be dipped into a container with water and mild shampoo, then dipped in clear water and moved up and down to remove excess water. The wig must then be air dried naturally into its own hairstyle. Proper maintenance can make a human hair wig last for many years. Functional and decorative ornaments [ edit ] There are many options to embellish and arrange the hair. Hairpins, clasps, barrettes, headbands, ribbons, rubber bands, scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) , and combs can be used to achieve a variety of styles. There are also many decorative ornaments that, while they may have clasps to affix them to the hair, are used solely for appearance and do not aid in keeping the hair in place. In India (/wiki/India) for example, the Gajra (/wiki/Gajra) (flower garland) is common there are heaps on hair. Social and cultural implications [ edit ] A one-year-old child getting his first haircut Gender [ edit ] At most times in most cultures, men have worn their hair in styles that are different from women's. American sociologist (/wiki/Sociology) Rose Weitz once wrote that the most widespread cultural rule about hair is that women's hair must differ from men's hair. [38] (#cite_note-38) In western societies-particularly the US, UK, and Canada-hair on the head is more strongly tied to feminine gender expression. Long hair is seen as not only feminine but also more sexually appealing for women. Women are also more likely to style their hair in a variety of ways, including using accessories. Meanwhile, men's styles tended to be uniform amongst one another. Likely due to how many men experience baldness (/wiki/Hair_loss) masculine gender expressions tended to gear towards facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) rather than head hair. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) An exception is the men and women living in the Orinoco-Amazon Basin (/wiki/Orinoco) , where traditionally both genders have worn their hair cut into a bowl shape. In Western countries in the 1960s, both young men and young women wore their hair long and natural, and since then it has become more common for men to grow their hair. [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) During most periods in human history when men and women wore similar hairstyles, as in the 1920s and 1960s, it has generated significant social concern and approbation. [40] (#cite_note-40) In the west, the Hippies (/wiki/Hippie) and Punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) are such groups that caused outrage for their overlaps in masculine and feminine presentation. Around the 1950s onward, feminists (/wiki/Feminism) in the US opposed traditionally feminine beauty standards of long hair and little or no body hair (/wiki/Body_hair) . Both of which often take much effort to maintain and were seen as a symbol of oppression. Though the specifics of what sort of hairstyles or other beauty norms are "oppressive" was highly debated. Typically, many have aimed towards styles which take less maintenance. Meanwhile there are also non-political examples of challenging gender presentation with performers presenting as cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) or with androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) appearances. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Religion [ edit ] Hair in religion also plays an important role since women and men, when deciding to dedicate their life to faith, often change their haircut. Baldness is likely chosen as a common spiritual symbol of dedication because it is perceived as a sign of aging and thus, undesirable. Cutting or shaving one's hair is a rejection of worldly pride and vanity. There may be another layer of giving up sexuality as well, as hair is seen as a sex symbol, so the inverse of little or no hair could be a symbol of celibacy- a common oath for holy people. [31] (#cite_note-:0-31) Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_Church) nuns often cut their hair very short, and men who joined Catholic monastic orders in the eighth century adopted what was known as the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) , which involved shaving the tops of their heads and leaving a ring of hair around the bald crown. [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) Many Buddhists (/wiki/Buddhism) , Hajj (/wiki/Hajj) pilgrims and Vaisnavas (/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism) , especially members of the Hare Krishna (/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness) movement who are brahmacharis (/wiki/Brahmacharya) or sannyasis (/wiki/Sannyasa) , shave their heads. Some Hindu (/wiki/Hindus) and most Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads upon entering their order, and Korean Buddhist monks and nuns have their heads shaved every 15 days. [41] (#cite_note-41) Conversely, there are also practices of keeping the hair long and/or uncut. One such example are adherents of Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism) are required to wear their hair unshorn. Women usually wear it in a braid or a bun and men cover it with a turban also known as a dastār (/wiki/Dastar) . Other religions also have various kinds of head coverings. The three Abrahamic religions (/wiki/Abrahamic_religions) , for instance all have some sort of religious writing on head coverings, particularly for women. In Islam (/wiki/Islam) women wear the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) for modesty and covers the hair as well as chest. [42] (#cite_note-42) In Judaism (/wiki/Judaism) mostly married women wear coverings such as the tichel (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women) , and in some branches men wear the kippah (/wiki/Kippah) mostly in prayers. [43] (#cite_note-43) Meanwhile, due to the varied branches of Christianity (/wiki/Christianity) , not all Christian women wear coverings and there are various kinds of head covering (/wiki/Christian_head_covering) . [44] (#cite_note-44) Marital status [ edit ] In the 1800s, American women started wearing their hair up when they became ready to get married. Among the Fulani (/wiki/Fula_people) people of west Africa, unmarried women wear their hair ornamented with small amber beads and coins, while married women wear large amber ornaments. Marriage is signified among the Toposa (/wiki/Toposa_people) women of South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) by wearing the hair in many small pigtails (/wiki/Pigtail) . Unmarried Hopi (/wiki/Hopi) women have traditionally worn a "butterfly" hairstyle characterized by a twist or whorl of hair at each side of the face. [45] (#cite_note-45) Hindu widows in India (/wiki/India) used to shave their heads as part of their mourning although that practice has mostly disappeared. Life transitions [ edit ] In many cultures, including Hindu culture and among the Wayana people (/wiki/Wayana) of the Guiana highlands (/wiki/Guiana_Shield) , young people have historically shaved off their hair to denote coming-of-age. Women in India (/wiki/India) historically have signified adulthood by switching from wearing two braids to one. Among the Rendille (/wiki/Rendille_people) of north-eastern Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) and the Tchikrin people of the Brazilian rainforest (/wiki/Amazon_rainforest) , both men and women shave their heads after the death of a close family member. When a man died in ancient Greece (/wiki/Greece) , his wife cut off her hair and buried it with him, [39] (#cite_note-sherrow141-39) and in Hindu families, the chief mourner is expected to shave his or her head 3 days after the death. [46] (#cite_note-46) Social class [ edit ] Upper-class people have always used their hairstyles to signal wealth and status. Wealthy Roman women wore complex hairstyles that needed the labours of several people to maintain them, [47] (#cite_note-47) and rich people have also often chosen hairstyles that restricted or burdened their movement, making it obvious that they did not need to work. [48] (#cite_note-48) Wealthy people's hairstyles used to be at the cutting edge of fashion, setting the styles for the less wealthy. But today, the wealthy are generally observed to wear their hair in conservative styles that date back decades prior. [49] (#cite_note-49) Middle-class hairstyles tend to be understated and professional. Middle-class people aspire to have their hair look healthy and natural, implying that they have the resources to live a healthy lifestyle and take good care of themselves. [ citation needed ] European-influenced Working-class people's haircuts have tended to be somewhat simple. Working-class men have often shaved their heads or worn their hair close-cropped. While working-class women typically with long hair often have their hair sinched back away from their faces and secured on their scalp. [ citation needed ] Health [ edit ] Hair, when it is natural and meets certain criteria, is one of the indicators of a person's good or poor health. This is one of the explanations for the significant role that hairstyles play in both sexual and emotional attraction. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) In the past, certain products used for hair graying (/wiki/Hair_graying) (such as lead oxide or lead combs) have been a source of lead poisoning. Hair is sensitive to air pollution, particularly to various metallic pollutants in the environment (such as lead, mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) , or arsenic (/wiki/Arsenic) [52] (#cite_note-52) ). These metals can also be absorbed through food and beverages (/wiki/Beverages) , as hair bioconcentrates and stores them from the bloodstream to the skin. [53] (#cite_note-53) Additionally, certain medications can lead to hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) , and this may be worsened by specific hairstyles. [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) According to a study [56] (#cite_note-Etude2016-56) published in 2016 by the American Academy of Dermatology (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology) and notably reported by The Root [57] (#cite_note-57) and Science magazine (/wiki/Science_Magazine) , [58] (#cite_note-58) certain tightly braided hairstyles that exert significant and constant tension on the scalp can contribute to a specific form of alopecia known as traction alopecia (TA). This article categorized hairstyling practices into high, moderate, and low-risk categories of induced alopecia, enabling dermatologists and physicians to provide more precise advice to affected patients. [56] (#cite_note-Etude2016-56) [59] (#cite_note-59) This is the case with common hairstyles among African-American women (/wiki/African-American_women) , including extensions, braids, and dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) . This may explain why approximately one-third of black women suffer from hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) . Hair damage can be further exacerbated by the use of chemical products used for chemical straightening. The study's findings support recommendations to wear looser hairstyles and avoid keeping braids and extensions for more than a few months. [60] (#cite_note-60) Certain products ( hair dyes (/wiki/Hair_dyes) , hairsprays (/wiki/Hair_spray) , bleaches, etc.) may contain allergenic ingredients. Several studies suggest that certain hairstyles or the use of bleaching or dyeing products may increase the risk of certain cancers (melanomas, as well as carcinomas (/wiki/Carcinomas) [61] (#cite_note-risqueCancerus1983-61) ); thus, long and dark hair that shades the skin and protects it from excessive ultraviolet exposure could be a protective factor against certain skin cancers (such as ear cancers). [61] (#cite_note-risqueCancerus1983-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Haircuts in space [ edit ] NASA astronaut Catherine (Cady) Coleman (/wiki/Catherine_Coleman) trims the hair of Paolo Nespoli (/wiki/Paolo_Nespoli) in the Kibō laboratory (/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)) on the International Space Station (/wiki/International_Space_Station) during Expedition 26 (/wiki/Expedition_26) . A hair clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) attached to a vacuum cleaner (/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner) removes free-floating hair clippings. [63] (#cite_note-NASA-63) Haircuts also occur in the International Space Station (/wiki/International_Space_Station) . During the various expeditions astronauts use hair clippers attached to vacuum devices for grooming their colleagues so that the cut hair will not drift inside the weightless environment of the space station and become a nuisance to the astronauts or a hazard to the sensitive equipment installations inside the station. [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-Sunita-65) [66] (#cite_note-Edward_T._Lu-66) Haircutting in space was also used for charitable purposes in the case of astronaut Sunita Williams (/wiki/Sunita_Williams) who obtained such a haircut by fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham (/wiki/Joan_Higginbotham) inside the International Space Station. Sunita's ponytail was brought back to earth with the STS-116 (/wiki/STS-116) crew and was donated to Locks of Love (/wiki/Locks_of_Love) . [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-Pearlman-68) See also [ edit ] Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Roman hairstyles (/wiki/Roman_hairstyles) Osadia (/wiki/Osadia) Hair loss (/wiki/Hair_loss) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Taxonomy of the Sheitel" (https://forward.com/articles/203226/taxonomy-of-the-sheitel/) . The Forward . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Women > Veiling > What is the Hijab and Why do Women Wear it? – Arabs in America" (http://arabsinamerica.unc.edu/identity/veiling/hijab/) . arabsinamerica.unc.edu . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Gift of Dastar | SikhNet" (https://www.sikhnet.com/news/gift-dastar) . SikhNet . Retrieved 27 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf)" (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/paleolithic-art/v/nude-woman-venus-of-willendorf-c-28-000-25-000-b-c-e) – via www.khanacademy.org. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Harding, Anthony (January 2008). "Razors and male identity in the Bronze Age" (https://www.academia.edu/2459391) . Durch die Zeiten (Festschrift für Albrecht Jockenhövel) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Yarwood, Doreen (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. pp. 216–220 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/216) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 142 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/142) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ a b Choi, Na-Young. "Symbolism of Hairstyles in Korea and Japan". Asian Folklore Studies . 65 (1): 69–86 – via JSTOR. ^ a b Adams, David and Jacki Wadeson (1998). The Art of Hair Colouring . Cengage Publishing. p. 1. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-86152-894-0 . ^ a b Yarwood, Doreen (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. p. 216 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/216) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ a b c d e f g Sherrow, Victoria (2006). Encyclopedia of hair: a cultural history . Greenwood. p. 2 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher/page/2) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-33145-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Davis, Natalie Zemon and Arlette Farge (1993). A history of women in the west volume III: Renaissance and enlightenment paradoxes . Belknap Press. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-40372-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Condra, Jill (2007). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing through World History: Volume 2, 1501–1800 . Greenwood. pp. 45 and 72. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33664-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) marcelgomessweden. "Louis XIII « The Beautiful Times" (http://thebeautifultimes.wordpress.com/tag/louis-xiii/) . Thebeautifultimes.wordpress.com . Retrieved 16 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hunt, Lynn, "Freedom of Dress in Revolutionary France", p. 243, in From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France , Editors: Sara E. Melzer, Kathryn Norberg, 1998, University of California Press, 1998, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-520-20807-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20807-2) ,9780520208070 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Rifelj, Carol De Dobay, Coiffures: Hair in Nineteenth-Century French Literature and Culture , p. 35, 2010, University of Delaware Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87413-099-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-099-9) , 9780874130997, Google Books (https://books.google.com/books?id=fFdBoGMJktgC) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 143 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/143) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Condra, Jill (2007). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1501–1800 . Greenwood. p. 149. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33664-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Keyes, Jean (1967). A history of women's hairstyles,1500–1965 . Methuen. ASIN (/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)) B0000CNN46 (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CNN46) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Root, Regina A. (2005). The Latin American fashion reader (Dress, Body, Culture) . Berg Publishers. p. 33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85973-893-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) O'Brien, Suzanne G. (10 November 2008). "Splitting Hairs: History and the Politics of Daily Life in Nineteenth-Century Japan" (http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=23FA96F632BC198005F26BFA146E96BA.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=2541948) . The Journal of Asian Studies . 67 (4): 1309–1339. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/S0021911808001794 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911808001794) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 145239880 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145239880) . Retrieved 19 September 2011 . ^ a b c Slade, Toby (2010). Japanese Fashion: a Cultural History . Berg Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-252-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Jun Yoo, Theodore (2008). The politics of gender in colonial Korea: education, labor, and health, 1910–1945 . University of California Press. p. 76. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-25288-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Roberts, Mary Louise (June 1993). "Samson and Delilah Revisited: The Politics of Women's Fashion in 1920s France" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2167545) . The American Historical Review . 98 (3): 657–684. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2167545 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2167545) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2167545 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2167545) – via JSTOR. ^ (#cite_ref-WDL_26-0) "Women Getting their Hair Done at the Chez Marie Beauty Shop" (http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4026) . World Digital Library (/wiki/World_Digital_Library) . Retrieved 8 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Peterson, Amy T. and Ann T. Kellogg (2008). The Greenwood encyclopedia of clothing through American history . Greenwood. p. 278. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-35855-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Patrick, Bethanne; John Thompson (2009). An Uncommon History of Common Things . National Geographic. p. 206. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4262-0420-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Craats, Rennay (2001). History of the 1960s . Weigl Publishers. p. 15. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-930954-29-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-Yarwood_1978_220_30-0) Yarwood, Doreen (/wiki/Doreen_Yarwood) (1978). The Encyclopedia of World Costume . New York: Scribner. p. 220 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000yarw_i6a3/page/220) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-517-61943-1 . ^ a b c d e Synnott, Anthony (September 1987). "Shame and Glory: A Sociology of Hair" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/590695) . The British Journal of Sociology . 38 (3): 381–413. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/590695 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F590695) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 590695 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/590695) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 144 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/144) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ a b c Patton, Tracy Owens (Summer 2006). "Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair". National Women's Studies Association Journal . 18 (2): 21–51. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 4317206 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4317206) . ^ a b Walker, Susannah (2007). Style and Status: Selling Beauty to African American Women, 1920-1975 . Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 179. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Weitz, Rose (2004). Rapunzel's Daughters: What Women's Hair Tells Us About Women's Lives . Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-374-24082-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Banks, Ingrid (2008). Hair matters: beauty, power, and Black women's consciousness . New York: NYU Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8147-1337-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) The American Association of Cosmetology Schools (http://www.beautyschools.org/) ^ (#cite_ref-38) Ofek, Galia (2009). Representations of hair in Victorian literature and culture . Ashgate. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-6161-0 . ^ a b c Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. p. 141 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/141) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) DeMello, Margo (2007). Encyclopedia of body adornment . Greenwood. p. 141. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33695-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Geraldine A. Larkin (/wiki/Geri_Larkin) , First You Shave Your Head , Celestial Arts (/wiki/Celestial_Arts) (2001), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-58761-009-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58761-009-4) ^ (#cite_ref-42) "The Noble Quran" (https://previous.quran.com/24:31?font=v1&translations=131%2C20) . previous.quran.com . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Shulchan Arukh, Even HaEzer 115:4" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh%2C_Even_HaEzer.115.4?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "oremus Bible Browser: 1 Corinthians 11:2–10" (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:2%E2%80%9310&version=nrsv) . bible.oremus.org . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming . Greenwood. pp. 141–143 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/141) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57356-204-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) ul Hassan, Syed Siraj (1920). The castes and tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's dominions, Volume 1 . Bombay: The Times Press. p. 46. ^ (#cite_ref-47) Winter, Bruce W. (2003). Roman wives, Roman widows: the appearance of new women and the Pauline communities . Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 104. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8028-4971-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Ofek, Galia (2009). Representations of hair in Victorian literature and culture . Ashgate. p. 2. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-6161-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Fussell, Paul (1992). Class: A Guide Through the American Status System . Touchstone. p. 54 (https://archive.org/details/class00paul/page/54) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-671-79225-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Swami, V., Furnham, A., & Joshi, K. (2008). The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair color on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health, and fertility (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viren_Swami/publication/5399253_The_Influence_of_Skin_Tone_Hair_Length_and_Hair_Colour_on_Ratings_of_Womens_Physical_Attractiveness_Health_and_Fertility/links/562496bf08ae70315b5dbcc8.pdf) . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(5), 429-437. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "6 Signs Your Hair is Healthy" (https://www.southernliving.com/fashion-beauty/hairstyles/healthy-hair-signs) . Southern Living . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Hindmarsh, J. T., Dekerkhove, D., Grime, G., & Powell, J. (1999). Hair arsenic as an index of toxicity. Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (Chappell WR, Abernathy CO, Calderon RL, eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 41-49. ^ (#cite_ref-53) Pierard, G. E. (1979). Toxic effects of metals from the environment on hair growth and structure. Journal of cutaneous pathology, 6(4), 237-242. ^ (#cite_ref-54) Van Scott, E. J., Reinertson, R. P., & Steinmuller, R. (1957). The Growing Hair Roots of the Human Scalp and Morphologic Changes Therein Following Amethopterin Therapy . Journal of investigative dermatology, 29(3), 197-204. ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Caution: 'Acceptable' Black Women's Hairstyles May Harm Health" (https://www.wbur.org/news/2014/07/14/black-womens-hairstyles-health) . www.wbur.org . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ a b Alessandra H & Crystal A (2016) All hairstyles are not created equal: What the dermatologist needs to know about black hairstyling practices and the risk of traction alopecia (TA); American Academy of Dermatology; Ed: Elsevier; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1162 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1162) ; abstract (http://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622%2816%2901398-0/abstract) . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Breanna Edwards (2016) Weaves, Braids, Extensions, Oh My! Why Your Favorite Hairstyles May Be Contributing to Hair Loss Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160501173517/http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2016/04/weaves_braids_extensions_oh_my_why_your_favorite_hairstyles_may_be_contributing.html) 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ; 2016-04-28. ^ (#cite_ref-58) When hairstyles cause hair loss , Science Mag, 2016-04-29. ^ (#cite_ref-59) cupido, lisa (24 July 2023). "3 Life-Changing Hairstyles Pros Swear By For Instantly 'Thick And Healthy' Hair An 'Instant Facelift' (https://www.shefinds.com/collections/3-life-changing-hairstyles-thick-healthy/) " (https://www.shefinds.com/collections/3-life-changing-hairstyles-thick-healthy/) . SheFinds . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "4 Styling Mistakes That Could Actually Make Your Hair Fall Out" (https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a19993088/hairstyles-that-damage-hair/) . Women's Health . 11 May 2017 . Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ^ a b Scotto J, Fears T.R & Fraumeni J.F (1983) Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States . ^ (#cite_ref-62) Laforgue, Jules (1986). Oeuvres complètes (in French). L'AGE D'HOMME. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-8251-0590-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-NASA_63-0) "Spaceflight gallery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110401234048/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-26/html/iss026e017741.html) . Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-26/html/iss026e017741.html) on 1 April 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-64) "International Space Station Imagery ISS016-E-014192 (1 Dec. 2007)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071208103815/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-16/html/iss016e014192.html) . NASA. Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-16/html/iss016e014192.html) on 8 December 2007 . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sunita_65-0) Williams, Sunita. "Journal of Sunita Williams" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230405235154/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/journal_sunita_williams_7.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/journal_sunita_williams_7.html) on 5 April 2023 . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . So, you may be wondering how we do this and not get hair all over the place…Can you figure out how we do this by the picture? ^ (#cite_ref-Edward_T._Lu_66-0) Edward T. Lu. "Greetings Earthlings" (https://web.archive.org/web/20030906153525/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/luletters/lu_letter9.html) . Archived from the original (http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/luletters/lu_letter9.html) on 6 September 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-67) CollectSpace.com (20 December 2006). "Astronaut cuts her hair in space for charity" (http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121906a.html) . Retrieved 8 June 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pearlman_68-0) Pearlman, Robert Z. (19 December 2006). "Astronaut Cuts Her Hair in Space for Charity" (http://www.space.com/3283-astronaut-cuts-hair-space-charity.html) . Space.com . Retrieved 20 November 2012 . 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Submission declined on 29 January 2024 by SamHolt6 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SamHolt6) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:SamHolt6) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ivy+Bragin%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Ivy+Bragin%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Ivy_Bragin) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Ivy_Bragin&defaults=y) Declined by SamHolt6 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SamHolt6) 5 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot (/wiki/User:Citation_bot) 5 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ivybragin&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Nepo baby Ivy Bragin is a child prodigy and nepo baby born to highness Elizabeth Stewart. [1] (#cite_note-1) and noble Michael Rob Bragin [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Secrets of a Celebrity Stylist: Elizabeth Stewart" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/secrets-of-a-celebrity-stylist-elizabeth-stewart) . 16 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Rob Bragin | Producer, Writer, Additional Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0103928/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . 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German fashion manufacturing company and retailer This article contains translated text and the factual accuracy of the translation should be checked by someone fluent in German and English. Gerry Weber International GmbH (formerly, Gerry Weber International AG ) is a German fashion manufacturer and retailer based in Halle (Westf.) (/wiki/Halle_(Westfalen)) , North Rhine-Westphalia (/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia) . The business which was established in 1973 as Hatex KG by Udo Hardieck and Gerhard Weber (/wiki/Gerhard_Weber_(designer)) is primarily known for its ladies' collections. Shares were listed on the SDAX (/wiki/SDAX) index, previously on the more important MDAX (/wiki/MDAX) index of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange) . The company is led by three managing directors. [1] (#cite_note-1) In January 2019 Gerry Weber filed for insolvency; the projected closure of approximately 120 German shops affecting approximately 450 jobs (in addition to ~180 sales points in Europe) was disclosed in April 2019. [2] (#cite_note-2) In January 2020, the insolvency proceedings were discontinued upon request of the company. [3] (#cite_note-3) In March 2021, the sale of the logistics center was announced. [4] (#cite_note-4) In June 2020, the majority of insolvency creditors agreed to defer 35 percent of their claims until the end of 2023 to cushion the impact of COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) . [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Gerry Weber Stadion (/wiki/Gerry_Weber_Stadion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Management / Gerry Weber International AG" (https://group.gerryweber.com/en/company/the-gerry-weber-group/management/) . group.gerryweber.com . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Damenmode-Hersteller: Gerry Weber schließt 120 deutsche Läden – 450 Jobs weg" (https://rp-online.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/gerry-weber-schliesst-120-deutsche-laeden-450-jobs-weg_aid-37922443) . RP ONLINE (/wiki/Rheinische_Post) / Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) (in German). 5 April 2019 . Retrieved 19 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Gerry Weber lässt Insolvenzverfahren hinter sich" (https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/modehaendler-gerry-weber-laesst-insolvenzverfahren-hinter-sich-16562078.html) (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung) . 2 January 2020 . Retrieved 19 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "GERRY WEBER will Logistik-Zentrum Ravenna Park an Mehrheitsgesellschafter der Walbusch-Unternehmensgruppe verkaufen / Pressemeldung / Gerry Weber International AG" (https://group.gerryweber.com/de/presse/pressemeldung/972/gerry-weber-will-logistik-zentrum-ravenna-park-an-mehrheitsgesellschafter-der-walbusch-unternehmensgruppe-verkaufen) . group.gerryweber.com . Retrieved 2022-11-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Modekonzern: Gläubiger von Gerry Weber stunden in Coronakrise ihre Forderungen" (https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/handel-konsumgueter/modekonzern-glaeubiger-von-gerry-weber-stunden-in-coronakrise-ihre-forderungen/25879424.html) . www.handelsblatt.com (in German) . Retrieved 2023-03-31 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gerry Weber (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gerry_Weber) . Official website (http://www.gerryweber.com/en/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/5325513-6) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Weber&action=edit) . v t e This German corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Look up laundromat (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laundromat) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A laundromat (/wiki/Laundromat) (laundrette) is a self-service laundry facility. Laundromat may also refer to: Laundry machines (/wiki/Laundry_machine) at self-service laundries The Laundromat Project (/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Wilson#The_Laundromat_Project_(LP)) , a community self-service laundry project in New York City "Laundromat", a Westinghouse trademark; see List of generic and genericized trademarks (/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks) Money laundering (/wiki/Money_laundering) schemes Russian Laundromat (/wiki/Russian_Laundromat) aka "The Laundromat", a 2010s money laundering scheme Azerbaijani laundromat (/wiki/Azerbaijani_laundromat) , a 2010s money laundering scheme The Laundromat Cafe (/wiki/The_Laundromat_Cafe) , a chain of Scandinavian cafes The Laundromat (1985 film) (/wiki/The_Laundromat_(1985_film)) , a 1985 American television film The Laundromat (2019 film) (/wiki/The_Laundromat_(2019_film)) , a 2019 American film "Laundromat" (song) (/wiki/Laundromat_(song)) , a 2003 single and 2001 song by Nivea off her eponymous debut album Nivea "Laundromat" (Rory Gallagher song), a 1971 song by Rory Gallagher off his eponymous debut album Rory Gallagher (album) (/wiki/Rory_Gallagher_(album)) "The Laundromat" (song), a 1997 song by the Jerky Boys off the album The Jerky Boys 4 (/wiki/The_Jerky_Boys_4) See also [ edit ] Search for "laundromat" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=%22laundromat%22&ns0=1&fulltext=Search) on Wikipedia. American Laundromat Records (/wiki/American_Laundromat_Records) , a U.S. record label All pages with titles beginning with (/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Laundromat) Laundromat All pages with titles containing (/wiki/Special:Search/intitle:%22Laundromat%22) Laundromat Launderette (disambiguation) (/wiki/Launderette_(disambiguation)) Laundry (/wiki/Laundry) Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation (/wiki/Help:Disambiguation) page lists articles associated with the title Laundromat . If an internal link (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Laundromat_(disambiguation)&namespace=0) led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐g9wh8 Cached time: 20240720165805 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.124 seconds Real time usage: 0.173 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2777/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8479/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1389/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2875/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1246809/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 151.113 1 -total 62.94% 95.114 1 Template:Dab 29.10% 43.980 2 Template:Side_box 27.01% 40.815 1 Template:Dmbox 25.61% 38.700 1 Template:Wiktionary 24.18% 36.538 4 Template:Main_other 24.14% 36.482 1 Template:Sister_project 18.76% 28.350 1 Template:Disambiguation_page_short_description 17.91% 27.064 1 Template:Short_description 11.15% 16.854 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66023415-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165805 and revision id 1021698579. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laundromat_(disambiguation)&oldid=1021698579 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laundromat_(disambiguation)&oldid=1021698579) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages) Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All article disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_article_disambiguation_pages) All disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_disambiguation_pages)
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cbf896bd‐vrv6q Cached time: 20240707055336 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.031 seconds Real time usage: 0.047 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 390/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627175/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 38.988 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 38.988 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:12433793-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707055336 and revision id 928321574. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. B Brassieres (/wiki/Category:Brassieres) ‎ (23 P) C Corsetry (/wiki/Category:Corsetry) ‎ (41 P, 2 F) Pages in category "Foundation garments" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) B Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) G Girdle (/wiki/Girdle) H Hourglass Angel (/wiki/Hourglass_Angel) M Merry widow (Corselet) (/wiki/Merry_widow_(Corselet)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Foundation_garments&oldid=928321574 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Foundation_garments&oldid=928321574) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Undergarments (/wiki/Category:Undergarments)