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American fashion designer (1924–2021) Frankie Welch Welch in 1975 Born Mary Frances Barnett ( 1924-03-29 ) March 29, 1924 Rome, Georgia (/wiki/Rome,_Georgia) , U.S. Died 2 September 2021 (2021-09-02) (aged 97) Charlottesville, Virginia (/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia) , U.S. Other names Mary Frances Welch Occupation(s) Teacher, fashion designer Frankie Welch (March 29, 1924 – September 2, 2021) was an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) from Rome, Georgia (/wiki/Rome,_Georgia) . She is primarily known for designing scarves for prominent political figures, which she sold from her boutique in Alexandria, Virginia (/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia) . After a career as a home economics (/wiki/Home_economics) teacher that spanned nearly two decades, Welch began working as a fashion consultant. Developing a clientele, she moved into designing accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) and then dresses. Welch was the designer of a dress worn by First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) , which is now on display in the Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) 's First Ladies' Hall in the National Museum of American History (/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History) . She also designed dresses on display at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library (/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Presidential_Library) . Early life and education [ edit ] Welch's 1944 wedding photo Mary Frances Barnett was born in 1924 in Rome, Georgia (/wiki/Rome,_Georgia) , to Eugenia (née Morton) and James Wyatt Barnett. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHargrett_Library2003-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution''2006-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU._S._Census19303-A-3) As a high school student, Barnett enjoyed fashion and consulted her friends on style. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman198261-4) Her father worked for the telephone company [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU._S._Census19303-A-3) and her family had deep roots in Georgia. She claimed to be 1/32 Cherokee (/wiki/Cherokee) ; [5] (#cite_note-5) however, she is non-Native American. [6] (#cite_note-6) Her great-grandfather built Georgia's first lumber mill and her grandfather served in the Confederate Army (/wiki/Confederate_States_Army) . [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson197417-7) Barnett graduated from Rome High School (/wiki/Rome_High_School) in 1941 [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcClanahan201479-8) and then enrolled at Furman University (/wiki/Furman_University) in Greenville, South Carolina (/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199341-9) At the completion of her junior year, on June 3, 1944, Barnett married her childhood sweetheart, William Calvin Welch, in Rome, Georgia. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Greenville_News''194416-10) [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201126-11) After graduating from Furman, with her bachelor's degree, Welch continued her studies at the University of Georgia (/wiki/University_of_Georgia) , [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldridge198561-12) before following her husband, who had been discharged from the military, to Wisconsin (/wiki/Wisconsin) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Green_Bay_Press-Gazette''198248-13) There, she studied design at the University of Wisconsin (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin) . [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson197417-7) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldridge198561-12) Career [ edit ] First Lady Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) 's pink brocade gown designed by Welch in 1974 Official portrait of First Lady Betty Ford in Welch's gown on December 24, 1975 Welch (left), Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) (second from left), and Sidney Dillon Ripley (/wiki/Sidney_Dillon_Ripley) (right) pose in 1976 with a mannequin (/wiki/Mannequin) dressed in a gown Welch designed for Ford that Ford is donating to the Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) Welch began her career in Madison, Wisconsin (/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin) , teaching elementary school, [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201126-11) and the couple had their first daughter, Peggy. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201126-11) When Bill was transferred to work with the Central Intelligence Agency (/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency) in 1952, the family moved to Washington, D. C. (/wiki/Washington,_D._C.) in 1953. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201126-11) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall196965-14) and Welch continued teaching. She worked as a sewing instructor at the Washington and Lee High School (/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_High_School) in Montross, Virginia (/wiki/Montross,_Virginia) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1965115-15) and had her second daughter, Genie. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201126-11) In 1960, she designed a versatile dress known as "The Frankie", as an instructional aid to help her students visualize waistline treatments. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201127-16) That same year, Ingenue , a teen magazine named her the "Outstanding Home Economics Teacher of the Nation" and awarded her with a trip to visit the fashion houses of Paris and Rome. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1965115-15) In September 1963, [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1965116-17) she opened a shop at 305 Cameron Street in Alexandria, Virginia (/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia) , operating an official guest house on the upper floors and her clothing shop on the street level. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColbert199358-18) The house was noted in guidebooks as a tourist attraction, since George Washington (/wiki/George_Washington) and his men had dined there [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColbert199358-18) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall196965-14) and it was the first bank in Virginia (/wiki/Virginia) . [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1965116-17) By 1964, she was marketing "The Frankie" nationwide. The adaptable design came in various fabrics and hem-lengths, and could be worn in multiple ways, depending on how the waist ties were joined. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1965115-15) [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201127-16) Meeting the elite women of Washington, D.C., at various social functions, Welch began consulting with them on fashion. Developing a clientele, she soon switched to design. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman198261-4) In 1967, as part of an initiative for the Native American education service, she designed a scarf featuring the Cherokee syllabary (/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary) . [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall196965-14) Welch donated one dollar from the purchase of each scarf to the higher education fund of the Eastern Cherokee. [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2012-19) The scarf caught the attention of First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) Lady Bird Johnson (/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson) . [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall196965-14) Johnson asked Welch to create a scarf which would promote her "Discover America" campaign. The scarf became a featured item at the first fashion show ever held at the White House (/wiki/White_House) . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman198261-4) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Green_Bay_Press-Gazette''198248-13) She designed a scarf with a daisy pattern for the 1968 Republican National Convention (/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention) and was then asked to design a scarf for Hubert Humphrey's 1968 presidential campaign (/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign) , featuring his HH logo. When Richard Nixon (/wiki/Richard_Nixon) won the presidency that year, Welch was commissioned to design a scarf with his slogan "Forward Together" as a commemoration of his Inaugural (/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration) . [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall196965-14) After the Nixon resignation (/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech) in 1974, First Lady Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) wore a Welch design to greet the press. [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBluttman1974-20) Her official photograph was taken in a Welch design made of green silk, which Ford had brought back from China (/wiki/China) . The same year, she published Indian Jewelry: How to Wear, Buy and Treasure America's First Fashion Pieces , [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEleni197411-21) which was full of tips on how to determine the quality of jewelry and gave information about various types of materials used in jewelry design. She also designed a collection of contemporary bracelets, earrings and necklaces for her store. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan197410-22) Her husband died in 1975. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Greenville_News''19758-23) In 1976, when Ford selected which gown was to be presented to the First Lady's Hall, she selected a Welch dress in a princess style, with a Chinese-style high collar. The dress was first worn in 1975 for the Shah of Iran (/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi) 's state dinner and later worn by the First Lady to a dinner for King Juan Carlos I of Spain (/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain) and Queen Sofía (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) in 1976. Welch designed Ford's official scarf, which she gave to visiting dignitaries, on a floral and polka dot background with the First Lady's signature imprinted. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Frederick_News-Post''197614-24) Among Welch's corporate clients were McDonald's (/wiki/McDonald%27s) and Time-Life (/wiki/Time-Life) . She designed scarfs and tote bags for Auburn University (/wiki/Auburn_University) , the University of Georgia (/wiki/University_of_Georgia) and the United States Military Academy (/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy) and organizations like the Arkansas Democrats Association, the American Medical Association (/wiki/American_Medical_Association) , the Congressional Wives' Club, the Princeton Club (/wiki/Princeton_Club_of_New_York) , the United States Marine Corps (/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps) , and the United States Historical Society, as well as St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) in London, The Indianapolis 500 (/wiki/The_Indianapolis_500) , and the Watergate Hotel (/wiki/Watergate_Hotel) . [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199341,_47-25) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Green_Bay_Press-Gazette''198248-13) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman198261-4) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson197417-7) She designed a dress and a scarf with a peanut motif for Jimmy Carter (/wiki/Jimmy_Carter) 's gubernatorial race (/wiki/Jimmy_Carter#Georgia_governorship_(1971–1975)) ; [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson197417-7) [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201129-26) a scarf for the United States Bicentennial (/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial) featuring the original 13 colonies; and a series of scarves depicting the official state flowers (/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers) of all fifty states. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson197417-7) She later designed scarves with the peanut featured for Carter's presidential run; [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201130-27) scarves, ties, tote bags and umbrellas, for Ronald Reagan (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) 's inaugural festivities [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201130-27) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchman198261-4) and a scarf for President Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) in 1993. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201130-27) Welch expanded her business, opening satellite stores in the Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) area in the 1970s and consulted on interior design. She relocated to an apartment in the Watergate complex, but kept the [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201130-27) Alexandria dress shop until 1982, when she sold it to her daughter Genie Welch so that she could focus more on designing. In 1990, the shop closed [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansfield1990-28) and Welch continued to design and teach courses on design for several years. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199347-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201131-30) She retired to Charlottesville, Virginia (/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia) . [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201131-30) In 2016, a dress designed for First Lady Betty Ford, part of the collection of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library (/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Presidential_Library) , toured the country in the Native Fashion Now exhibit sponsored by the National Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) 's George Gustav Heye Center (/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center) in Manhattan and the Peabody Essex Museum (/wiki/Peabody_Essex_Museum) of Salem, Massachusetts (/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts) . The pink brocade dress was designed for the 1974 White House (/wiki/White_House) Christmas Party. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndursky2017-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieber2016-32) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHargrett_Library2003_1-0) Hargrett Library 2003 (#CITEREFHargrett_Library2003) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution''2006_2-0) The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 2006 (#CITEREFThe_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution2006) . ^ Jump up to: a b U. S. Census 1930 (#CITEREFU._S._Census1930) , p. 3-A. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Churchman 1982 (#CITEREFChurchman1982) , p. 61. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Daughters of Distinction: Frankie Welch, Designer" (https://books.google.com/books?id=-fsrAQAAIAAJ&q=Cherokee) . Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine . 133 . National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution: 75. 1999. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Tote Bag" (https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/objects/NMAI_271397?destination=edan_searchtab%3Fpage%3D139%26edan_q%3D%252A%253A%252A%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Dname%253A%2522Indian%2520Arts%2520and%2520Crafts%2520Board%252C%2520Department%2520of%2520the%2520Interior%2522) . National Museum of the American Indian . Retrieved 10 May 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peterson 1974 (#CITEREFPeterson1974) , p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcClanahan201479_8-0) McClanahan 2014 (#CITEREFMcClanahan2014) , p. 79. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199341_9-0) Atkinson 1993 (#CITEREFAtkinson1993) , p. 41. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Greenville_News''194416_10-0) The Greenville News 1944 (#CITEREFThe_Greenville_News1944) , p. 16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Callahan 2011 (#CITEREFCallahan2011) , p. 26. ^ Jump up to: a b Aldridge 1985 (#CITEREFAldridge1985) , p. 61. ^ Jump up to: a b c The Green Bay Press-Gazette 1982 (#CITEREFThe_Green_Bay_Press-Gazette1982) , p. 48. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ball 1969 (#CITEREFBall1969) , p. 65. ^ Jump up to: a b c Montgomery 1965 (#CITEREFMontgomery1965) , p. 115. ^ Jump up to: a b Callahan 2011 (#CITEREFCallahan2011) , p. 27. ^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery 1965 (#CITEREFMontgomery1965) , p. 116. ^ Jump up to: a b Colbert 1993 (#CITEREFColbert1993) , p. 58. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2012_19-0) Metcalfe 2012 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2012) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBluttman1974_20-0) Bluttman 1974 (#CITEREFBluttman1974) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEleni197411_21-0) Eleni 1974 (#CITEREFEleni1974) , p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan197410_22-0) O'Sullivan 1974 (#CITEREFO'Sullivan1974) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Greenville_News''19758_23-0) The Greenville News 1975 (#CITEREFThe_Greenville_News1975) , p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Frederick_News-Post''197614_24-0) The Frederick News-Post 1976 (#CITEREFThe_Frederick_News-Post1976) , p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199341,_47_25-0) Atkinson 1993 (#CITEREFAtkinson1993) , pp. 41, 47. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahan201129_26-0) Callahan 2011 (#CITEREFCallahan2011) , p. 29. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Callahan 2011 (#CITEREFCallahan2011) , p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansfield1990_28-0) Mansfield 1990 (#CITEREFMansfield1990) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson199347_29-0) Atkinson 1993 (#CITEREFAtkinson1993) , p. 47. ^ Jump up to: a b Callahan 2011 (#CITEREFCallahan2011) , p. 31. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndursky2017_31-0) Indursky 2017 (#CITEREFIndursky2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieber2016_32-0) Lieber 2016 (#CITEREFLieber2016) . Bibliography [ edit ] Aldridge, Dorothy (July 3, 1985). "Designing woman: Celebrities prize Frankie Welch creations" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jul-03-1985-529313/) . The Colorado Springs Gazette (/wiki/The_Colorado_Springs_Gazette) . Colorado Springs, Colorado. p. 61 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Atkinson, Alyce (November 28, 1993). "A Success Story in Silk: Furman grad Frankie Welch has built a career designing scarves (pt 1)" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16753749/the_greenville_news/) . The Greenville News (/wiki/The_Greenville_News) . Greenville, South Carolina. p. 41 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . and Atkinson, Alyce (November 28, 1993). "Scarves (pt 2)" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16753786/the_greenville_news/) . The Greenville News (/wiki/The_Greenville_News) . Greenville, South Carolina. p. 47 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Ball, Nancy (July 3, 1969). "She's scarf queen of Washington" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16753438/arizona_republic/) . The Arizona Republic (/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic) . Phoenix, Arizona. Newsweek Feature Service. p. 65 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Bluttman, Susan (September 16, 1974). "Frankie Welch's Boutique—where Mrs. Ford Shops" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180122041423/http://people.com/archive/frankie-welchs-boutique-where-mrs-ford-shops-vol-2-no-12/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Vol. 2, no. 12. New York City, New York: Time Inc. (/wiki/Time_Inc.) ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0093-7673 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0093-7673) . Archived from the original (http://people.com/archive/frankie-welchs-boutique-where-mrs-ford-shops-vol-2-no-12/) on 22 January 2018 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . Callahan, Ashley (2011). "Frankie Welch: Americana Fashion Specialist" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181720/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54a8ea9ae4b0d1cd06f46bba/t/54d07bede4b0f391b7d495b5/1422949357207/Orn35_1_FrankieWelch.pdf) (PDF) . Ornament . 35 (1). San Marcos, California: Ornament Magazine (/wiki/Ornament_Magazine) : 26–31. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0148-3897 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0148-3897) . Archived from the original (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54a8ea9ae4b0d1cd06f46bba/t/54d07bede4b0f391b7d495b5/1422949357207/Orn35_1_FrankieWelch.pdf) (PDF) on 22 January 2018 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . Churchman, Deborah (February 7, 1982). "She tells prominent D. C.women how to dress—from the skin out" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16753194/the_baltimore_sun/) . The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) . Baltimore, Maryland. p. 61 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Colbert, Judy (1993). Virginia: Off the beaten path (3rd ed.). Old Saybrook, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 156-4-400-816 . Eleni (August 13, 1974). "New First Lady's Fashion Tastes Lean Toward a Casual Elegance" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16754013/tallahassee_democrat/) . The Tallahassee Democrat (/wiki/The_Tallahassee_Democrat) . Tallahassee, Florida. Washington Star-News. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Indursky, Bill (15 February 2017). "Native Fashion Now Opens: Virtual Tour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170216045209/http://designlifenetwork.com/native-fashion-now-opens-virtual-tour/) . Design Life . New York, New York: Design Life Network. Archived from the original (http://designlifenetwork.com/native-fashion-now-opens-virtual-tour/) on 16 February 2017 . Retrieved 17 January 2018 . Lieber, Chavie (21 January 2016). "The Reclaiming of Native American Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180105013620/https://www.racked.com/2016/1/21/10763702/native-american-fashion) . Racked . Washington, D. C.: Vox Media (/wiki/Vox_Media) . Archived from the original (https://www.racked.com/2016/1/21/10763702/native-american-fashion) on 5 January 2018 . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . Mansfield, Virginia (February 22, 1990). "Frankie Welch Has Designs on the Future" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1990/02/22/frankie-welch-has-designs-on-the-future/5d414c1c-1c75-432c-92e6-e7287fa8845f/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Washington, D. C . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . McClanahan, Russell, ed. (2014). Legendary Locals of Rome . Charleston, South Carolina: Rome Area History Museum by Arcadia Publishing Incorporated (/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4396-4867-4 . Metcalfe, Jessica R. (March 22, 2012). "Frankie Welch, Politics, and that Cherokee Scarf" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170716134300/http://www.beyondbuckskin.com/2012/03/frankie-welch-politics-and-that.html) . Beyond Buckskin . Gardena, North Dakota: Jessica R. Metcalfe. Archived from the original (http://www.beyondbuckskin.com/2012/03/frankie-welch-politics-and-that.html) on 16 July 2017 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . Metcalfe is an academic and member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians who researches Native American design. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: postscript ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript) ) Montgomery, Ruth (1965). A Gift of Prophecy: The Phenomenal Jeane Dixon . New York City, New York: William Morrow and Company (/wiki/William_Morrow_and_Company) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 154139615 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154139615) . O'Sullivan, Joan (February 12, 1974). "Indian Jewelry Is In" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-feb-12-1974-529312/) . The Daily Messenger (/wiki/The_Daily_Messenger) . Canandaigua, New York. p. 10 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Peterson, Karen (December 19, 1974). "Betty Ford is Frankie's most famous customer" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-dec-19-1974-529282/) . The Telegraph Herald (/wiki/The_Telegraph_Herald) . Dubuque, Iowa. p. 17 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . "1930 U. S. Census: Rome, Floyd County, Georgia" (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRH7-KPW?i=5&cc=1810731) . FamilySearch . Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 7 April 1930. p. 3-A. NARA microfilm #T626, roll 356 . Retrieved 20 January 2018 . "Famous people like her shop" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16753840/green_bay_pressgazette/) . The Green Bay Press-Gazette (/wiki/The_Green_Bay_Press-Gazette) . Green Bay, Wisconsin. Christian Science Monitor Service. February 10, 1982. p. 48 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Frankie Welch textile collection" (http://hmfa.libs.uga.edu/hmfa/view?docId=ead/ms2003-ead.xml) . Hargrett Manuscripts Finding Aids . Athens, Georgia: Hargrett Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Georgia (/wiki/University_of_Georgia) . 2003. collection #MS2003. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095654/http://hmfa.libs.uga.edu/hmfa/view?docId=ead%2Fms2003-ead.xml) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . "Horace Barnett" (http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/atlanta/obituary.aspx?n=Horace-Barnett&pid=19043811) . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution) . Atlanta, Georgia. August 28, 2006 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . "Miss Barnett is Bride of Pfc. Welch; Ceremony Performed in Rome, Georgia" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16755776/the_greenville_news/) . The Greenville News (/wiki/The_Greenville_News) . Greenville, South Carolina. June 11, 1944. p. 16 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Mrs. Ford selects Virginia-made gown for Smithsonian display" (https://newspaperarchive.com/news-jul-12-1976-p-14/) . The Frederick News-Post (/wiki/The_Frederick_News-Post) . Frederick, Maryland. July 12, 1976. p. 14 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . "William C. Welch" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16755516/william_c_welch_the_greenville_news/) . The Greenville News (/wiki/The_Greenville_News) . Greenville, South Carolina. April 28, 1975. p. 8 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frankie Welch (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frankie_Welch) . "Frankie Welch’s Americana: Fashion, Scarves, and Politics" (https://digilab.libs.uga.edu/scl/exhibits/show/frankie-welch) at the University of Georgia (/wiki/University_of_Georgia) "Glamour and Innovation: Frankie Welch" (https://www.whitehousehistory.org/digital-library/exhibits/glamour-and-innovation-the-women-behind-the-seams-of-fashion-at-the-white-house/frankie-welch) at the White House Historical Association (/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/298413/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000032844284) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/21328706) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMptFvtf67CdQrBwCxXd) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92009359) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐lxn8p Cached time: 20240720185952 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.877 seconds Real time usage: 1.623 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6459/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 78967/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6234/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 95341/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.552/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8584126/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1271.928 1 -total 25.63% 325.981 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.06% 267.828 1 Template:Short_description 18.16% 231.014 75 Template:Main_other 15.52% 197.412 1 Template:SDcat 14.32% 182.190 59 Template:Sfn 10.38% 132.073 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 10.29% 130.877 1 Template:Reflist 8.18% 104.005 1 Template:Birth_date 8.05% 102.374 2 Template:Cite_journal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56372761-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720185952 and revision id 1229955103. 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1934 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1934) 1935 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1935) 1936 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1936) 1937 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1937) 1938 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1938) 1939 1940 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1940) 1941 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1941) 1942 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1942) 1943 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1943) 1944 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐dw9zn Cached time: 20240718083248 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.104 seconds Real time usage: 0.232 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 39/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1920/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.077/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933271/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 170.288 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 170.288 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54100510-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083248 and revision id 974957822. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1939" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . M Munich (sport shoes) (/wiki/Munich_(sport_shoes)) R Rigby & Peller (/wiki/Rigby_%26_Peller) V Volley (shoe) (/wiki/Volley_(shoe)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1939&oldid=974957822 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1939&oldid=974957822) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) Design companies established in 1939 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1939) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1939 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1939) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Byzantine textiles (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Byzantine_textiles) . Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) worn in the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) (Eastern Roman Empire) during the late fifth to mid-fifteenth century CE. For clothing worn in the earlier Greek and Roman eras of classical antiquity (/wiki/Classical_antiquity) , see Category:Greek clothing (/wiki/Category:Greek_clothing) and Category:Roman-era clothing (/wiki/Category:Roman-era_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐vgnft Cached time: 20240721061538 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.042 seconds Real time usage: 0.066 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2547/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 347/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946212/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 56.793 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 56.793 1 -total 96.59% 54.859 1 Template:Sister_project 94.14% 53.466 1 Template:Side_box 7.60% 4.319 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10922007-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721061538 and revision id 1212115410. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. R Byzantine regalia (/wiki/Category:Byzantine_regalia) ‎ (9 P) Pages in category "Byzantine clothing" The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Byzantine dress (/wiki/Byzantine_dress) B Byzantine silk (/wiki/Byzantine_silk) C Chasuble (/wiki/Chasuble) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) D Dalmatic (/wiki/Dalmatic) E Epigonation (/wiki/Epigonation) Epitrachelion (/wiki/Epitrachelion) H Himation (/wiki/Himation) I Işlic (/wiki/I%C5%9Flic) K Kabbadion (/wiki/Kabbadion) L Large Sakkos of Photius (/wiki/Large_Sakkos_of_Photius) M Mantle (monastic vesture) (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) O Omophorion (/wiki/Omophorion) Orarion (/wiki/Orarion) P Pallium (Roman cloak) (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Phelonion (/wiki/Phelonion) Pigache (/wiki/Pigache) Pteruges (/wiki/Pteruges) R Religious habit (/wiki/Religious_habit) S Sakkos (/wiki/Sakkos) Skaramangion (/wiki/Skaramangion) Sticharion (/wiki/Sticharion) Stola (/wiki/Stola) T Tablion (/wiki/Tablion) Tunicle (/wiki/Tunicle) Tyrian purple (/wiki/Tyrian_purple) Z Zone (vestment) (/wiki/Zone_(vestment)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Byzantine_clothing&oldid=1212115410 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Byzantine_clothing&oldid=1212115410) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Byzantine_Empire) Clothing by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_country) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Roach_(headdress)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Roach" headdress (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Roach%22+headdress) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Roach%22+headdress+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Roach%22+headdress&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Roach%22+headdress+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Roach%22+headdress) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Roach%22+headdress&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Hair roach headdress Porcupine (/wiki/Porcupine) hair roaches are a traditional male headdress (/wiki/Headdress) of a number of Native American (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) tribes in what is now New England (/wiki/New_England) , the Great Lakes (/wiki/Great_Lakes) and Missouri River (/wiki/Missouri_River) regions, including the Potawatomi (/wiki/Potawatomi) who lived where Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) now stands. They were and still are most often worn by dancers at pow wows (/wiki/Pow_wow) as regalia (/wiki/Regalia) . 1822 portrait of Sharitahrish (/wiki/Sharitahrish) , Pawnee chief The porcupine hair roach is often made of guard hair (/wiki/Guard_hair) of the porcupine, the tail hair of the white-tail deer (/wiki/White-tail_deer) , moose hair, or artificial stiff hair; often, the hair is dyed a bright color, such as red or yellow, which can symbolize a veteran of combat. Some roaches from the southern plains are made with black turkey (/wiki/Turkey_(bird)) beards. The term roach also applies to the traditional Mohawk hairstyle (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) worn by some warriors of some southern plains tribes such as the Pawnee (/wiki/Pawnee_people) and some Algonquian (/wiki/Algonquian_peoples) tribes, such as the Mohegan (/wiki/Mohegan) and Lenape (/wiki/Lenape) . This is where their hair is shorn like a horse’s mane which was considered stylish in the 19th century. All their hair would be cut, save a strip down the middle of their head. Present day, most roaches have evolved into separate headdresses. They are made from turkey beard hair, porcupine guard hair and deer-tail hair. Depending on where a tribe is from can determine what their headdress will look like. Typically, central and southern plains style their roaches with the front hairs standing straight up with only a gradual outward flare and are usually smaller in size. The northern plains style hair roach headdress typically have the hairs in front form horizontally outward and tend to be larger in size. Often, men would add bits of animal hair to the headdresses. [1] (#cite_note-1) Roach Spreader , early 19th century, Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) External links [ edit ] Brief history of the roach (http://www.matoska.com/roach_history.htm) About headdresses (http://www.native-languages.org/headdresses.htm) Porky Roach construction (http://www.crazycrow.com/kits/4700_porky_roach1.php) Reference List [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Hair Roach, Spreader, and Roach Feather" (http://amertribes.proboards.com/thread/553) . American-tribes.com . Retrieved 22 July 2014 . 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Michael Jordan game-worn shoes The Last Dance shoes are a pair of signed Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) XIII shoes which were worn by Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) of the Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) during game 2 of the 1998 NBA Finals (/wiki/1998_NBA_Finals) . The game took place in Utah on June 5, 1998 and the Chicago Bulls won. Jordan scored 37 points in the contest. After the game, Jordan gifted the shoes to ballboy Preston Truman, who assisted with the visiting team's locker room. The shoes get their name from the documentary miniseries The Last Dance , which focuses chiefly on Jordan and the 1997–98 NBA season (/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_NBA_season) . The shoes were sold by Truman in 2020 for US$215,000. The shoes were later auctioned by the buyer in April 2023 for US$2.238 million, which was the highest sale price ever realized for any shoes. After the April 2023 auction, Truman retained counsel and filed a lawsuit to recover the shoes. Background [ edit ] The shoes are size 13 'Bred' Air Jordan XIIIs. [1] (#cite_note-Sothebys-1) The word "bred" is shorthand for black and red which was the color of the shoes and the colors of the Chicago Bulls. [1] (#cite_note-Sothebys-1) Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls wore the shoes during the second half of game 2 of the 1998 NBA Finals (/wiki/1998_NBA_Finals) against the Utah Jazz (/wiki/Utah_Jazz) . [1] (#cite_note-Sothebys-1) The shoes were auctioned by Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) in April 2023, and were expected to realize a sale price between two and four million US dollars. [2] (#cite_note-Golden-2) The shoes get their name from the ESPN and Netflix documentary titled, The Last Dance (/wiki/The_Last_Dance_(miniseries)) . It was called the last dance because it was Michael Jordan's last year with the Chicago Bulls. [2] (#cite_note-Golden-2) History [ edit ] After the 1998 game, Michael Jordan gave the shoes to the Utah Jazz' ballboy Preston Truman. [3] (#cite_note-Fox-3) Jordan signed each of the shoes with a silver marker. [4] (#cite_note-Gonzalez-4) Jordan had allegedly misplaced his coat during a practice, and it was found and returned to him by Truman, who had been attending to the visiting team. [4] (#cite_note-Gonzalez-4) Jordan gave the shoes to Truman as thanks for finding the jacket. [4] (#cite_note-Gonzalez-4) In 2020, Truman sold the shoes for US$215,000 through a private sale under the direction of Michael Russek of Grey Flannel Auctions. [5] (#cite_note-Dorisca-5) The shoes realized a sale price of US$2.238M which was the highest sale price for any shoes. [6] (#cite_note-Henderson-6) After the US$2.238M sale of the shoes Preston Truman filed a lawsuit against Grey Flannel Auctions and Michael Russek to get the shoes back. He also sued for monetary damages. [5] (#cite_note-Dorisca-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Michael Jordan 1998 NBA Finals 'The Last Dance' Game Worn and Signed Air Jordan XIIIs Game 2" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230629055559/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2023/victoriam-part-i/michael-jordan-1998-nba-finals-the-last-dance-game) . Sothebys . Archived from the original (https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2023/victoriam-part-i/michael-jordan-1998-nba-finals-the-last-dance-game) on June 29, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Golden, Jessica (April 11, 2023). "Michael Jordan's 'Last Dance' shoes just became the most expensive sneakers ever sold" (https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/11/michael-jordans-last-dance-shoes-are-most-expensive-sneakers-ever-sold.html) . CNBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230627160432/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/11/michael-jordans-last-dance-shoes-are-most-expensive-sneakers-ever-sold.html) from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fox_3-0) Morik, Ryan (April 11, 2023). "Michael Jordan's sneakers from 1998 'Last Dance' NBA Finals sell for record $2.238 million" (https://www.foxbusiness.com/sports/michael-jordans-sneakers-1998-last-dance-nba-finals-sell-record-2-238-million) . Fox Business. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230627155758/https://www.foxbusiness.com/sports/michael-jordans-sneakers-1998-last-dance-nba-finals-sell-record-2-238-million) from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Gonzalez, Isabel (April 11, 2023). "Michael Jordan game-worn 1998 NBA Finals 'Air Jordan 13' shoes sell for record-breaking $2.238 million" (https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/michael-jordan-game-worn-1998-nba-finals-air-jordan-13-shoes-sell-for-record-breaking-2-238-million/) . CBS Sports . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230627160426/https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/michael-jordan-game-worn-1998-nba-finals-air-jordan-13-shoes-sell-for-record-breaking-2-238-million/) from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dorisca, Samantha (June 8, 2023). "After Selling For $2.2M, Original Owner Of Michael Jordan's '98 NBA Finals Air Jordan 13s Files Lawsuit To Reclaim Them" (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/selling-2-2m-original-owner-210328665.html) . Yahoo Life. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230627231141/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/selling-2-2m-original-owner-210328665.html) from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Henderson_6-0) Henderson, Cydney (April 11, 2023). "Michael Jordan's 'Last dance' NBA Finals sneakers set record at auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230629131405/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2023/04/11/michael-jordans-last-dance-nba-finals-shoes-set-record-auction/11643160002/) . USA Today. Archived from the original (https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2023/04/11/michael-jordans-last-dance-nba-finals-shoes-set-record-auction/11643160002/) on June 29, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Video Bulls vs Jazz 1998 Finals – Game 2 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EL_A0aCm_i4&t=150s) v t e Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) Achievements (/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Michael_Jordan) Main The Shot (/wiki/The_Shot) Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals (/wiki/Game_6_of_the_1998_NBA_Finals) 1982 NCAA Championship Game (/wiki/1982_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Basketball_Championship_Game) Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) ( Jumpman (/wiki/Jumpman_(logo)) ) Jordan Rules (/wiki/Jordan_Rules) Flu Game shoes (/wiki/Flu_Game_shoes) Last Dance shoes Family James R. 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Men's Fashion Week , typically held twice a year in January and June, is a series of international fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion) events where menswear collections are shown to buyers, stylists, the media, and in some cases, the general public. This week marks the debut of New York Fashion Week's men's version. As the name implies, it's the men's equivalent of the women's event that takes over New York twice a year, bringing with it a plethora of models, designers, and ensembles that are subjected to days-long, intense media analysis. Although the men's fashion week is substantially smaller in scope, a number of designers, both established and up-and-coming, have flocked to Gotham in the hopes that American men may eventually take an interest in couture, as their European counterparts have. International Events [ edit ] The following are international events in order of founding. France [ edit ] In France (/wiki/France) , Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) promotes its men's runway show, Menswear Paris Fashion Week, as a part of its regular schedule. It is overseen by the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) (FHCM). [1] (#cite_note-FHCM-1) FHCM is composed of three "central bodies," namely men's fashion, women's fashion, and haute couture. [1] (#cite_note-FHCM-1) Its history dates back to 1868 when its first founding organization, Chambre Syndicale de la Couture was formed. [2] (#cite_note-2) Italy [ edit ] In Milan, Italy (/wiki/Milan,_Italy) , Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana (/wiki/National_Chamber_of_Italian_Fashion) (CNMI) organizes Milano Fashion Week Men's (/wiki/Milano_Fashion_Week) . [3] (#cite_note-3) CNMI's predecessor, Camera Sindacale della Moda Italiana was established in June 1958. [4] (#cite_note-4) Germany [ edit ] Germany unveiled its International Menswear Exhibition on 26 August 1960 in Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) , in the then West Germany (/wiki/West_Germany) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The event featured wool and silk fabrics for the next year's season. United States [ edit ] In July 2015, New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) (NYFW) launched New York Fashion Week: Men's. [6] (#cite_note-NYFW:_Men's-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) NYFW is owned and organized by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA). [8] (#cite_note-8) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) held its first menswear event over 30 years ago in August 1989. [9] (#cite_note-9) Canada [ edit ] In September 2011, the Vancouver Men's Fashion Week (v.MFW) was inaugurated in Canada (/wiki/Canada) . [10] (#cite_note-10) It was Canada's first-ever menswear (/wiki/Menswear) fashion industry event. [11] (#cite_note-Dreamcatcher-11) [12] (#cite_note-MercedesBenz-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) v.MFW was founded and organized by Ramos & Fortier Ltd., a Canadian company, whose objectives according to its site are to: "give up-and-coming Canadian menswear designers a platform to show their creations" and "support research in textile sustainability," among others. [14] (#cite_note-14) The company participates in various events and conferences within Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) that promote the creative economy (/wiki/Creative_economy) , such as the inaugural BCreative Conference to give ideas and suggestions to the province on how to improve and build its creative industry. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) The company and its signature event have been featured and discussed in academia (/wiki/Academy) , [17] (#cite_note-TUL-17) in a conference, [18] (#cite_note-18) in television, [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) in newspapers, [22] (#cite_note-GeorgiaStraight-22) [23] (#cite_note-VancouverSun-23) [24] (#cite_note-VIA-24) in magazines, [12] (#cite_note-MercedesBenz-12) [25] (#cite_note-One1One-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) and in a book. [11] (#cite_note-Dreamcatcher-11) Past sponsors of v.MFW were Kiehl's (/wiki/Kiehl%27s) , Clarins Men (/wiki/Clarins) , and AMen fragrance by Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) . [22] (#cite_note-GeorgiaStraight-22) Three years after Vancouver, a second menswear event was held in Canada, this time in the City of Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) . Toronto Men's Fashion Week (TOM) was launched in August 2014. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) United Kingdom [ edit ] In the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) (BFC) is the governing body for London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) (LFW), and says on its site that it, "strengthens British fashion in the global economy as a leader in responsible, creative businesses." [29] (#cite_note-29) In June 2012, LFW launched London Collections: Men, a weekend of menswear fashion shows. [30] (#cite_note-London_Collections:_Men-30) It was later renamed London Fashion Week Men's and was held in June 2019. [31] (#cite_note-Men's_Fashion_Week_2019-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) United Arab Emirates [ edit ] In January 2021, the Arab Fashion Council (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) (AFC) launched Arab Fashion Week-Men's in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) AFC aims "to establish a fashion system... by uniting the 22 Arab countries under one umbrella..." [35] (#cite_note-AFC-35) AFC was founded in May 2015. [35] (#cite_note-AFC-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) Other Events [ edit ] Additional events have been held in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) , [39] (#cite_note-39) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , [40] (#cite_note-40) and South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) . [41] (#cite_note-41) Schedule disruptions due to COVID-19 [ edit ] In an unprecedented occurrence, all three European men's fashion weeks, Paris, Milan and London have canceled their respective live events in 2020 due to the SARS-CoV-2 (/wiki/SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus (/wiki/Coronavirus) pandemic (/wiki/Pandemic) ( COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) ). [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) New York followed suit and postponed its June event that year. [44] (#cite_note-44) In April of the same year, BFC announced it will combine its menswear events into the womenswear shows for the next 12 months and will only run digitally for its June show. [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "La Fédération" (https://fhcm.paris/en/) . Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode . Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "FHCM: History" (https://fhcm.paris/en/the-federation/history/) . Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode . Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode . Retrieved 7 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Milano Fashion Week Men's" (https://www.cameramoda.it/en/milano-moda-uomo/) . Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana . Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana . Retrieved 15 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "CNMI: About" (https://www.cameramoda.it/en/associazione/cnmi/) . Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana . Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana . Retrieved 7 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "West Germany: Cologne: International Menswear Exhibition (1960)" (https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/247147/) . British Pathé . Reuters . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYFW:_Men's_6-0) Sherman, Lauren (15 July 2015). "A Wait-and-See Approach to NYFW: Men's" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/voices/discussions/will-new-york-fashion-week-mens-work/a-wait-and-see-approach-to-new-york-fashion-week-mens) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 14 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Wolf, Cameron (13 July 2015). "This Is How New York Fashion Week: Men's Was Created" (https://www.complex.com/style/2015/07/creation-of-new-york-fashion-week-men) . Complex . Complex Media, Inc . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "About" (https://cfda.com/nyfw#!) . NYFW . Council of Fashion Designers of America, Inc . Retrieved 19 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hochswender, Woody (22 August 1989). "In Men's Wear, The 1990's Have Arrived" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/22/style/in-men-s-wear-the-1990-s-have-arrived.html) . The New York Times . The New York Times Company . Retrieved 15 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "About Us" (https://www.ramos-fortier.com) . Ramos & Fortier . Ramos & Fortier Ltd . Retrieved 10 November 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lorimer, Rowland (2013). Dreamcatcher: Towards a creativity/innovation strategic plan for British Columbia: A BCreative 2012 conference report (PDF) . Vancouver, BC: Canadian Centre for Studies in Publishing Press. p. 31. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9738727-8-1 . Retrieved 11 November 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Men's Fashion Week" (https://issuu.com/mercedes-magazine/docs/mercedes_benz_fall-winter_2013-upda) . Mercedes-Benz Magazine (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) . No. Fall/Winter 2013. Daimler AG (/wiki/Daimler_AG) . 6 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Jones, Emma (24 May 2013). "Canada's Only Men's Fashion Week Enters Third Year" (https://www.thefashionspot.com/buzz-news/latest-news/300187-canadas-only-mens-fashion-week-enters-third-year/) . TheFashionSpot . Evolve Media Holdings, LLC . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Media Kit" (https://ramos-fortier.com/#media-kit) . Ramos & Fortier . Ramos & Fortier Ltd . Retrieved 13 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "BCreative 2012 Conference" (https://www.sfu.ca/bcreative/) . BCreative 2012: Ideas, Culture, Business, Policy . Simon Fraser University (/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University) . Retrieved 13 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Community Engagements" (https://ramos-fortier.com/events) . Ramos & Fortier . Ramos & Fortier Ltd . Retrieved 31 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-TUL_17-0) "Inženýři na Venuši, designéři na Marsu" (https://tuni.tul.cz/rubriky/veda-a-vyzkum/id:81645/inzenyri-na-venusi-designeri-na-marsu) . T-UNI: Online zpravodaj Technické univerzity v Liberci . Technical University of Liberec (/wiki/Technical_University_of_Liberec) . Retrieved 24 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "BCreative 2012: Speakers" (https://www.sfu.ca/bcreative/speakers.html) . BCreative 2012 Conference . Simon Fraser University (/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University) . Retrieved 23 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Vancouver Men's Fashion Week / Ramos & Fortier". Breakfast Television (/wiki/Breakfast_Television) - Vancouver, Citytv (/wiki/Citytv) . Rogers Media Inc. (/wiki/Rogers_Sports_%26_Media) 20 September 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Vancouver Men's Fashion Week / Ramos & Fortier". Breakfast Television (/wiki/Breakfast_Television) - Vancouver, Citytv (/wiki/Citytv) . Rogers Media Inc. (/wiki/Rogers_Sports_%26_Media) 7 August 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Ngo Ducová, Dominika (10 September 2016). "Módny Návrhár 2016" (http://www.tvfashion.eu/) . FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) Czech&Slovak . TV Fashion, s.r.o. ^ Jump up to: a b Rowland, Sarah (1 August 2012). "Vancouver's Men's Fashion Week ups the style quotient" (https://www.straight.com/life/vancouvers-mens-fashion-week-ups-style-quotient) . The Georgia Straight (/wiki/The_Georgia_Straight) . Vancouver Free Press Publishing Corp. ^ (#cite_ref-VancouverSun_23-0) Gram, Karen (4 October 2011). "Eco Fashion Week thrives on fresh energy" (https://www.pressreader.com/canada/vancouver-sun/20111004/284459980465643) . Vancouver Sun (/wiki/Vancouver_Sun) . Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (/wiki/Postmedia_Network) Retrieved 23 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-VIA_24-0) "Vancouver's Men's Fashion Week moves to Woodward's; takes on world" (https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/courier-archive/living/vancouvers-mens-fashion-week-moves-to-woodwards-takes-on-world-2972615) . Vancouver Is Awesome . Glacier Media Group (/wiki/Glacier_Media) . 6 August 2013 . Retrieved 19 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-One1One_25-0) Chaki, Anisa (2 September 2013). "Ramos & Fortier and Men's Fashion Week" (https://issuu.com/one1onemagazine/docs/september_issue_loq) . One1One Magazine . Vol. 1, no. 6. One1One Magazine . Retrieved 19 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Adams, Jill (12 July 2013). "Men's Fashion Week Vancouver celebrates Canadian menswear designers" (https://www.fajomagazine.com/news/mens-fashion-week-vancouver-2013) . Fajo Magazine . Fajo Magazine Inc . Retrieved 19 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Bergman, Randi (15 August 2014). "Toronto Men's Fashion Week: The 25 best looks on and off the runway" (https://fashionmagazine.com/style/toronto-mens-fashion-week/) . Fashion Magazine . St. Joseph Media . Retrieved 13 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Manzocco, Natalia (17 August 2014). "The best and worst looks at Toronto Men's Fashion Week" (https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2014/08/the_best_worst_looks_at_toronto_mens_fashion_week/) . blogTO . Freshdaily Inc . Retrieved 19 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "British Fashion Council" (https://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/) . British Fashion Council . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-London_Collections:_Men_30-0) Langmead, Jeremy (26 May 2012). "Fine and dandy: London's men's fashion shows" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2012/may/27/london-fashion-week-menswear-2012) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Guardian News & Media Limited . Retrieved 14 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Men's_Fashion_Week_2019_31-0) Paton, Elizabeth (10 June 2019). "At Men's Fashion Week in London, Less Angst, More Celebration" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/fashion/london-fashion-week-mens-craig-green-alexander-mcqueen.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 15 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "London Fashion Week Men's June 2019" (https://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/event/3986/London-Fashion-Week-Mens-June-2019) . British Fashion Council . British Fashion Council . Retrieved 15 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "The Middle East's First Men's Fashion Week Is Coming to Dubai" (https://www.gqmiddleeast.com/culture/arab-fashion-week-men-is-coming-to-dubai) . GQ Middle East . ITP Media Group. 13 January 2021 . Retrieved 6 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Portee, Allyson (12 January 2021). "The Arab Fashion Council To Premiere Its Inaugural Fashion Week For Men This January" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2021/01/12/the-arab-fashion-council-to-premier-its-inaugural-fashion-week-for-men-this-january/?sh=777fe0f41d45) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Forbes Media LLC . Retrieved 31 December 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "About" (https://arabfashioncouncil.com/about/) . Arab Fashion Council . Arab Fashion Council . Retrieved 11 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Men's Arab Fashion Week" (https://www.visitdubai.com/en/whats-on/dubai-events-calendar/mens-arab-fashion-week) . Visit Dubai . Department of Economy and Tourism . Retrieved 6 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Quek, Sue-Wen (24 April 2012). "Singapore shows promise with men's fashion week" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2012/apr/24/singapore-mens-fashion-week) . The Guardian . Guardian News & Media Limited . Retrieved 20 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Ang, Kristiano (25 April 2012). "Singapore Spotlights Men's Fashion Week" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/singapore-spotlights-mens-fashion-week-5876023/#!) . WWD . Retrieved 18 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Weatherhead, Jennifer (5 May 2008). "High fashion in Puerto Rico" (https://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/trends/high-fashion-in-puerto-rico) . Elle Canada . KO Media . Retrieved 19 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Tschorn, Adam (2 August 2013). "New Men's Fashion Week Los Angeles announces venue, dates" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ar-new-mens-fashion-week-los-angeles-announces-venue-dates-20130802-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . California Times . Retrieved 7 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "South African Menswear Week" (http://www.menswearweek.co.za/) . South African Menswear Week . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Wolf, Cam (27 March 2020). "Men's Fashion Weeks in Europe Have Been Canceled" (https://www.gq.com/story/mens-milan-paris-fashion-week-canceled-2020) . GQ Magazine . Condé Nast . Retrieved 21 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Ilchi, Layla (13 March 2020). "The Fashion Weeks and Major Events Disrupted Because of Coronavirus" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/fashion-week-cancellations-coronavirus-1203538824/) . WWD . Fairchild Publishing, LLC . Retrieved 21 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Palmieri, Jean E. (27 March 2020). "CFDA Cancels Resort, Postpones Men's Shows" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/cfda-cancels-resort-postpones-mens-shows-1203548922/) . WWD . Fairchild Publishing, LLC . Retrieved 21 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Yotka, Steff (29 October 2020). "The 2021 Men's Fashion Week Schedule Is Disrupted By The Pandemic" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/london-fashion-week-2021) . Vogue . Condé Nast . Retrieved 21 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Dirvanauskas, Gabriele (22 April 2020). "Coronavirus: London Fashion Week fights back" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/coronavirus-london-fashion-week-fights-back) . Drapers . EMAP Publishing Limited . Retrieved 21 November 2021 . 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English shoe manufacturing company Crockett and Jones Limited Flagship shop (/wiki/Flagship_shop) at 92 Jermyn Street (/wiki/Jermyn_Street) , London Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Crockett & Jones Company type Private limited company (/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_shares) [1] (#cite_note-company-1) Industry Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Founded 1879 Founders James Crockett Charles Jones Headquarters Northampton (/wiki/Northampton) , England Products Goodyear-welted (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) footwear Owner Jones family [2] (#cite_note-2) Website crockettandjones (http://crockettandjones.com) .com (http://crockettandjones.com) Crockett & Jones is a British shoe manufacturing company that was established in 1879 by James Crockett and Charles Jones in Northampton (/wiki/Northampton) , England. They were able to establish the company with a grant from the Thomas White Trust (/wiki/Thomas_White_(merchant)#Sir_Thomas_White_Loan_Charity) . The company specialises in the manufacture of Goodyear-welted (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) footwear. It is currently being run by the great-grandson of its co-founder, Charles Jones. [3] (#cite_note-DTel-3) Crockett & Jones produces both men's and women's footwear, with three collections offered for men (Hand Grade Collection, Main Collection and Shell Cordovan (/wiki/Shell_cordovan) Collection), and a limited range of boots and low-heeled shoes produced for women. [4] (#cite_note-C&J-4) Crockett & Jones factory, view from Magee Street History [ edit ] A Crockett & Jones store in Stockholm, Sweden Northampton is traditionally known for its shoe-making skills, [5] (#cite_note-5) one reason for setting up the factory there in 1879. At the start of operations they produced men's boots. [4] (#cite_note-C&J-4) In the 1890s the second generation of Harry Crockett and Frank Jones began to modernise with more advanced machinery, particularly equipment produced by Charles Goodyear (/wiki/Charles_Goodyear) . It produced shoes at a faster rate with lighter manual work. [6] (#cite_note-C&J2-6) In 1897, Crockett and Jones expanded the company into a larger factory and purchased the facility, which is still in use by the company. [6] (#cite_note-C&J2-6) In the 1910s the company began exporting a large part of their production to Australia, Argentina, South Africa, USA and the far east though the UK still remained its principal market. [6] (#cite_note-C&J2-6) In the 1930s with the third generation of the founders and still a family business, production reached 15,000 pairs of shoes each week. The majority of these were women's boots and shoes. They also supplied the 1940s war effort producing over a million pairs of officers' boots. The company stopped production of their usual footwear during this time. [3] (#cite_note-DTel-3) The company has continued to evolve and absorb the changes necessary to make it competitive, but still maintaining a high quality product. This is where all operations for the company take place, including production, design and development. [7] (#cite_note-NorthamptonMuseum-7) The factory in Perry Street, Northampton, dates back to the 1890s with additions to the main building in 1910 and 1935, giving a large internal working space. It has a large proportion of glass to give good natural lighting throughout the building and a pleasant working environment, but can get rather cold in the winter and extremely warm in the summer. In 1947, the grandson of Charles Jones, Richard Jones, joined the family company (/wiki/Family_company) . In 1977 he was appointed Managing Director (/wiki/Managing_Director) and is still involved with it today as acting chairman. Jonathan, Richard's son, also became involved with the family business in 1977. [6] (#cite_note-C&J2-6) As at 2014 there were 11 Crockett & Jones retail shops and concessions based in London, Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) and New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . The shops provide a contemporary showcase for ready to wear footwear, including velvet slippers and driving shoes and accessories. [7] (#cite_note-NorthamptonMuseum-7) In popular culture [ edit ] Daniel Craig (/wiki/Daniel_Craig) wears various Crockett & Jones shoes in the James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) films. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In the TV Series Succession (/wiki/Succession_(TV_series)) , Tom Wambsgans introduces his assistant Greg Hirsch to the brand. Awards and honours [ edit ] In 1911, Crockett & Jones received the Diploma D'Onore in Turin (/wiki/Turin) for the wholecut (/wiki/Wholecut) Albert Slipper. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-company_1-0) "Company information" (https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00451921) . Companies House . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Our Story" (https://www.crockettandjones.com/pages/our-heritage) . crockettandjones.com . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ a b Leitch, Luke (12 July 2012). "Mencyclopaedia: Crockett & Jones" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9395106/Mencyclopaedia-Crockett-and-Jones.html) . Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 19 November 2012 . ^ a b "Crockett & Jones website - about C&J" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121030070628/http://www.crockettandjones.com/AboutCandJ) . Archived from the original (http://www.crockettandjones.com/AboutCandJ) on 30 October 2012 . Retrieved 19 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Boot & Shoe quarter conservation area of Northampton (http://www.northampton.gov.uk/images/boot_shoe_ca_map_larger.jpg) ^ a b c d "Crockett & Jones website - Heritage" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121030070618/http://www.crockettandjones.com/Heritage) . Archived from the original (http://www.crockettandjones.com/Heritage) on 30 October 2012 . Retrieved 19 November 2012 . ^ a b "03 - February - 2014 - Northampton Museums" (http://northamptonmuseums.wordpress.com/2014/02/03/) . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Crockett & Jones Molton" (https://www.jamesbondlifestyle.com/product/crockett-jones-molton) . jamesbondlifestyle.com . James Bond (Daniel Craig) wears a pair of Crockett & Jones Molton Dark Brown Rough-Out Suede chukka boots in No Time To Die (2020). ^ (#cite_ref-9) Carvell, Nick. "Crockett & Jones: Step into Bond's shoes" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2012-10/12/daniel-craig-crockett-and-jones-shoes-james-bond-skyfall) . GQ magazine . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Here's How They Make The $700 Shoes Daniel Craig Wore In 'Skyfall' (http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-how-they-make-the-700-shoes-daniel-craig-wore-in-skyfall-2013-1?op=1) " (http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-how-they-make-the-700-shoes-daniel-craig-wore-in-skyfall-2013-1?op=1) . Business Insider . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Crockett & Jones" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121030070618/http://www.crockettandjones.com/Heritage) . Archived from the original (http://www.crockettandjones.com/Heritage) on 30 October 2012 . Retrieved 19 November 2012 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crockett & Jones (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crockett_%26_Jones) . Official website (https://www.crockettandjones.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jnxzd Cached time: 20240720195508 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.268 seconds Real time usage: 0.675 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2007/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2359/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40468/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.152/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6307245/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 325.103 1 -total 36.48% 118.596 1 Template:Reflist 29.56% 96.105 9 Template:Cite_web 27.29% 88.736 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.93% 77.813 1 Template:Infobox 19.37% 62.968 1 Template:Short_description 11.32% 36.804 2 Template:Pagetype 7.80% 25.354 1 Template:Commonscat 6.98% 22.704 1 Template:Sister_project 6.53% 21.218 1 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37718099-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720195508 and revision id 1226784749. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crockett_%26_Jones&oldid=1226784749 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crockett_%26_Jones&oldid=1226784749) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Manufacturing companies based in Northampton (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Northampton) Companies established in 1879 (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1879) Family-owned companies of England (/wiki/Category:Family-owned_companies_of_England) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Use British English from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_April_2022) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)
(Redirected from Jorge Duque (/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Duque&redirect=no) ) This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( May 2023 ) Argentine TV series or program Project Runway Latin America Created by Eli Holzman (/wiki/Eli_Holzman) Starring Rebecca de Alba (/wiki/Rebecca_de_Alba) Mariano Toledo Ángel Sánchez (/wiki/%C3%81ngel_S%C3%A1nchez_(fashion_designer)) Monica Fonseca (/wiki/Monica_Fonseca) (2011) Claudia Pandolfo (2010) Country of origin S1: Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) S2: United States (/wiki/United_States) S3: Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) No. of episodes 36 Production Running time 60 minutes Original release Network Fashion TV Latin America (/wiki/Fashion_TV) (2010) Glitz* (/wiki/Glitz_(TV_channel)) (2011-2012) Release September 20, 2010 ( 2010-09-20 ) – 2012 ( 2012 ) Project Runway Latin America is a Latin American reality television series on Glitz (/wiki/Glitz_(TV_channel)) which focuses on fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) and is hosted by model Rebecca de Alba (/wiki/Rebecca_de_Alba) . The contestants compete with each other to create the best clothes and are usually restricted in time, materials and theme. Their designs are judged, and one or more designers are eliminated each week. The show was canceled after its third season. First season [ edit ] The first season was broadcast on Fashion TV Latin America (/wiki/Fashion_TV) from September 20, 2010 to November 29, 2010. The show was filmed in the city of Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) and the final was filmed on the Atlantis Resort (/wiki/Atlantis_Paradise_Island) in the Bahamas (/wiki/Bahamas) . The winner won $20,000 to start his or her own collection and be presented in the Puerto Rico High Fashion Week, DF Fashion Week and the cover of Elle Magazine (/wiki/Elle_Magazine) Mexico, plus one week for two at the luxurious Atlantis Resort (/wiki/Atlantis_Paradise_Island) , in the Paradise Island (/wiki/Paradise_Island) in the Bahamas (/wiki/Bahamas) , courtesy of the sponsors of the event marks. It included the participation of 15 designers from Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) , Brasil (/wiki/Brasil) , Chile (/wiki/Chile) , Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) , México (/wiki/M%C3%A9xico) , Nicaragua (/wiki/Nicaragua) , and Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) . It is hosted by Mexican model and presenter Rebecca de Alba (/wiki/Rebecca_de_Alba) , who is also part of the jury alongside the Venezuelan designer Ángel Sánchez (/wiki/%C3%81ngel_S%C3%A1nchez_(fashion_designer)) and the Argentinian journalist and fashion producer Claudia Pandolfo (/w/index.php?title=Claudia_Pandolfo&action=edit&redlink=1) . The designers were mentored by the Argentinian designer Mariano Toledo. The competition was won by Colombian designer Jorge Duque (/wiki/Jorge_Duque) . There were 12 challenges which included: Pack Attack, A Model for my Model, Film Tour, Makeup, Innovation and Creativity, Burlesque, MasterCard Woman, Woman of the Future, OLAY Challenge, The Color of Divas, Paper Bride and Pantone Challenge. Guests judges for this season included Fabián Zitta, Jorque Lentino, Min Agostini, Hernán Zajar, Sara Galindo, Florencia Raggi, Óscar Madrazo (/wiki/%C3%93scar_Madrazo) , and Clara González. This season's runner up Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) relocated to the USA and was chosen as a contestant for season 19 of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_19)) , eventually winning the season. Contestants Elimination Progress Contestants Episodes Designer Age Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Finale Jorge Duque 35 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN WIN IN HIGH IN HIGH HIGH IN LOW LOW LOW ADV WINNER Catalina Rautenberg 38 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) HIGH HIGH HIGH IN LOW IN LOW WIN HIGH HIGH WIN WIN RUNNER-UP Shantall Lacayo 26 Nicaragua (/wiki/Nicaragua) WIN IN HIGH HIGH WIN HIGH IN LOW WIN LOW HIGH ADV 3RD PLACE Eduardo de Crisci 25 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) IN IN WIN IN IN LOW WIN IN LOW HIGH LOW OUT Hector Machuca 28 Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) IN IN LOW IN IN WIN HIGH IN IN WIN OUT Noé Roa 30 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) HIGH IN IN LOW IN IN IN LOW LOW OUT Mauro Babun 29 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) LOW HIGH IN WIN HIGH LOW LOW IN OUT Laura "Chabe" Carrillo 26 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN IN IN IN LOW IN IN OUT Paula Valencia 26 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN IN IN LOW HIGH IN OUT Wilson "Messhaz" Chaparro 23 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN LOW LOW IN IN OUT Andrequieli "Quieli" Geibhar 26 Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) IN IN IN IN OUT Laura Grosskopf 25 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) LOW IN IN OUT Marina Hidalgo Rojas 28 Chile (/wiki/Chile) IN LOW OUT Alex Peimbert 32 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN OUT Ailin Bisi 23 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) OUT The designer won Project Runway Latin America. The designer advanced to fashion week. The designer won the challenge. The designer was in the top two for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. The designer was in the bottom 2, but was not eliminated. The designer lost and was out of the competition. Second season [ edit ] The second season premiered September 5, 2011 on Glitz (/wiki/Glitz_(TV_channel)) . The show was filmed in the city of Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida (/wiki/Florida) . The winner will win $30,000 to start his or her own collection, the possibility of presenting his collection at the Mercedes Benz DF Fashion Week México, a magazine photo shoot for Glamour México and Latin America, plus one week for two at the luxurious Live Aqua Cancún Hotel, courtesy of the sponsors of the event marks. It included the participation of 14 designers from Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) , Chile (/wiki/Chile) , Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) , México (/wiki/M%C3%A9xico) , Uruguay (/wiki/Uruguay) , Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) , and Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) . It is hosted by Mexican model and presenter Rebecca de Alba (/wiki/Rebecca_de_Alba) , who is also part of the jury alongside the Venezuelan designer Ángel Sánchez and the Colombian model and presenter Monica Fonseca. The designers were mentored by the Argentinian designer Mariano Toledo (/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Toledo&action=edit&redlink=1) . Contestants Elimination Progress Contestants Episodes Designer Age Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Finale Karyn Coo 22 Chile (/wiki/Chile) WIN HIGH IN LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH IN HIGH HIGH LOW ADV WINNER José Luis Gonsalez 22 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN HIGH WIN IN IN LOW IN HIGH LOW WIN WIN ADV RUNNER-UP Carlo Carrizosa 22 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN IN HIGH IN IN LOW IN HIGH WIN IN IN WIN 3RD PLACE Erika Servin 26 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN WIN HIGH WIN IN HIGH LOW WIN LOW LOW LOW OUT Matías Cristino 28 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) IN IN IN IN WIN LOW IN LOW LOW LOW OUT Valeria "Vale" Fernández 25 Uruguay (/wiki/Uruguay) HIGH IN IN IN IN LOW WIN LOW OUT Juan Colon 30 Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) IN IN IN HIGH HIGH WIN IN OUT Ramiro Vera 28 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN IN LOW IN IN LOW OUT Alisa Kononnenko 34 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) IN IN IN LOW LOW OUT Valentina Wolfermann 23 Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) IN LOW IN IN OUT Juan Carlos Lozano 32 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) HIGH LOW LOW OUT Isabel Silva 23 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) LOW IN OUT Stephanie Reynoso 22 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) LOW OUT Jaime Inda 22 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) OUT The designer won Project Runway Latin America. The designer advanced to fashion week. The designer won the challenge. The designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. The designer was in the bottom 2, but was not eliminated. The designer lost and was out of the competition. Third season [ edit ] The third season aired on September 2, 2013, and was released on Glitz (/wiki/Glitz_(TV_channel)) . It was filmed in Mexico City, Mexico (/wiki/Mexico_City,_Mexico) and included the participation of 16 designers from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, and Venezuela. It was hosted by the Venezuelan presenter Eglantina Zingg, who is also part of the jury along with the Venezuelan designer Angel Sanchez and Mexican Ariadne Grant. The designers were advised by Colombian designer Jorge Duque. The winner received a photo spread in Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) Mexico and Marie Claire Latin America, and the chance to present a fashion show at Miami Fashion Week. Contestants Elimination Progress Contestants Episodes Designer Age Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Finale Matías Hernán 24 Chile (/wiki/Chile) WIN LOW HIGH LOW IN HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH WIN HIGH ADV WINNER Mariana Arellano 27 Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) LOW IN HIGH LOW HIGH LOW IN LOW HIGH LOW HIGH WIN RUNNER-UP Eneas Neto 32 Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) IN IN IN IN HIGH WIN LOW LOW LOW LOW WIN ADV 3RD PLACE Steph Orozco 23 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN WIN LOW IN IN HIGH IN WIN LOW HIGH LOW ADV 4TH PLACE Lorena Kaethner 29 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) IN IN HIGH WIN LOW LOW WIN LOW HIGH HIGH OUT Jonathan Morales 26 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) HIGH HIGH IN IN WIN LOW HIGH WIN WIN DQ Gustavo García 26 Bolivia (/wiki/Bolivia) IN IN WIN WIN IN HIGH IN LOW OUT Alejandro Dejay 32 Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) IN IN LOW LOW LOW HIGH LOW OUT Mariana Velez 26 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN IN IN IN LOW LOW OUT Lalula Vivenzi 26 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN LOW IN IN IN OUT Salim Kadamani 21 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) LOW IN IN IN OUT Valeria De La Fuente 19 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) IN IN LOW OUT Gimena Figueroa 30 Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) IN LOW OUT Estefania Agussi 25 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) IN OUT Luis Gerardo Tamez 39 Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) OUT Mario Rodriguez 21 El Salvador (/wiki/El_Salvador) OUT The designer won Project Runway Latin America. The designer advanced to fashion week. The designer won the challenge. The designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. The designer was in the bottom 2, but was not eliminated. The designer lost and was out of the competition. The designer was disqualified from the competition. External links [ edit ] Official site (http://www.projectrunwayla.com/) v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_19) 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_20) All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Junior (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior_season_2) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Project_Runway_contestants) Winners Original Jay McCarroll (/wiki/Jay_McCarroll) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) Leanne Marshall (/wiki/Leanne_Marshall) Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) * Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Michelle Lesniak Dom Streater Sean Kelly Ashley Nell Tipton Erin Robertson Kentaro Kameyama Sebastian Grey Geoffrey Mac (/wiki/Geoffrey_Mac) Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Bishme 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(/wiki/Korto_Momolu) Laura Bennett (/wiki/Laura_Bennett) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) Michael Costello (/wiki/Michael_Costello_(fashion_designer)) Mila Hermanovski (/wiki/Mila_Hermanovski) Mychael Knight (/wiki/Mychael_Knight) * Nick Verreos (/wiki/Nick_Verreos) Nicolas Putvinski (/wiki/Nicolas_Putvinski) Santino Rice (/wiki/Santino_Rice) Stephen "Suede" Baum (/wiki/Stephen_%22Suede%22_Baum) Steven Rosengard (/wiki/Steven_Rosengard) Uli Herzner (/wiki/Uli_Herzner) Wendy Pepper (/wiki/Wendy_Pepper) International (/wiki/Project_Runway_(franchise)) Project Runway Algeria (/wiki/Project_Runway_El_Djazair) Designerspirene (/wiki/Designerspirene) Muodin huipulle (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle) 1 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_2) Project Catwalk (Netherlands) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_(Dutch_TV_series)) Project Catwalk (UK) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk) 1 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_3) Projeto Fashion (Brazil) (/wiki/Projeto_Fashion) Project Runway Australia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_4) Project Runway Arab World (/wiki/Project_Runway_(Middle_East)) Project Runway Canada (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada_season_2) Project Runway Israel (/wiki/Project_Runway_Israel) Project Runway Korea (/wiki/Project_Runway_Korea) Project Runway Latin America Project Runway Malaysia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Malaysia) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Malaysia_season_1) Project Runway New Zealand (/wiki/Project_Runway_New_Zealand) Project Runway Philippines (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_4) Project Runway Poland (/wiki/Project_Runway_Poland) Projecto Moda (Portugal) (/wiki/Projecto_Moda) Project Runway Thailand (/w/index.php?title=Project_Runway_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1) Project Runway Vietnam (/wiki/Project_Runway_Vietnam) Spin-offs Project Runway: Fashion Startup (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Fashion_Startup) Models of the Runway (/wiki/Models_of_the_Runway) On the Road with Austin & Santino (/wiki/On_the_Road_with_Austin_%26_Santino) Project Accessory (/wiki/Project_Accessory) Project Runway: Threads (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Threads) Tim Gunn's Guide to Style (/wiki/Tim_Gunn%27s_Guide_to_Style) Under the Gunn (/wiki/Under_the_Gunn) Starring Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Rachel Roy (/wiki/Rachel_Roy) Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) Elaine Welteroth (/wiki/Elaine_Welteroth) Italics indicate All Star contestants * Asterisk indicate Fan Favorite-voted contestants on their season See also [ edit ] Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) References [ edit ] NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6dd4d87458‐gkp2q Cached time: 20240718135712 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.557 seconds Real time usage: 0.714 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2353/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57720/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3489/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21437/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.364/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4108649/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 606.603 1 -total 91.41% 554.520 10 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Wedding dress of the future Princess of Wales Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer Diana wearing her bridal gown Designer David (/wiki/David_Emanuel_(fashion_designer)) and Elizabeth Emanuel (/wiki/Elizabeth_Emanuel) Year 1981 ( 1981 ) Type Ivory silk taffeta and antique lace gown Material Silk (/wiki/Silk) , taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) , lace (/wiki/Lace) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) 's bridal gown was an ivory silk taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) and antique lace gown (/wiki/Gown) , with a 25-foot (7.6 m) train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) and a 153 yards (140 m) tulle veil, valued then at £9,000 (equivalent to $43,573 in 2023). [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-Denney2005-2) It was worn at Diana's wedding to Charles, Prince of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer) in 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) . It became one of the most famous dresses in the world, [3] (#cite_note-Steele2010-3) and was considered one of the most closely guarded secrets in fashion history. [4] (#cite_note-4) Design [ edit ] The bridal gown was designed by David (/wiki/David_Emanuel_(fashion_designer)) and Elizabeth Emanuel (/wiki/Elizabeth_Emanuel) , who described it as a dress that "had to be something that was going to go down in history, but also something that Diana loved," and which would be "suitably dramatic in order to make an impression." [5] (#cite_note-CowardMandela2007-5) [6] (#cite_note-McDowell2007-6) Diana personally selected the designers to make her wedding dress because she was fond of a chiffon blouse they designed for her formal photo session with Lord Snowdon (/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon) . [7] (#cite_note-Moore1991-7) The woven silk taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) was made by Stephen Walters of Suffolk (/wiki/Suffolk) . [3] (#cite_note-Steele2010-3) The Emanuels consulted Maureen Baker, who had made the first wedding dress of Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne) , during their construction of the gown. [6] (#cite_note-McDowell2007-6) One observer wrote "the dress was a crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) , a symbol of sexuality and grandiosity, a meringue embroidered with pearls and sequins, its bodice frilled with lace". [2] (#cite_note-Denney2005-2) The gown was decorated with hand embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , sequins (/wiki/Sequins) , and 10,000 pearls, centering on a heart motif. [8] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-8) An 18-karat gold horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe) was stitched into the petticoats (/wiki/Petticoat) as a sign of good fortune. [9] (#cite_note-9) The lace used to trim it was antique and hand-made and a square of Carrickmacross lace (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) which had belonged to Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) was attached to the gown. [10] (#cite_note-10) A petite blue bow was also sewn into the interior of the gown's waistband as her " something blue (/wiki/Something_old) ". In contrast, the wedding dress of Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) , for her marriage (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton) to Prince William (/wiki/Prince_William) , Diana's elder son, incorporated motifs cut from machine-made lace appliquéd to silk net. [11] (#cite_note-11) The dress featured "lace flounces adorning neckline and sleeves". [8] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-8) A replica of the dress at West Edmonton Mall (/wiki/West_Edmonton_Mall) , in Edmonton (/wiki/Edmonton) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) , in 2013 Fittings of the dress posed difficulties because Diana had developed bulimia (/wiki/Bulimia) and dropped from a size 14 to a size 10 in the months leading up to the wedding. Even the seamstress was concerned about her weight loss and feared the dress might not fit as it should. [12] (#cite_note-Paprocki2009-12) The twenty-five-foot train posed problems. According to writer Andrew Morton, in Diana: Her True Story , the gown's designers realized too late that they had forgotten to allow for the train's length in relation to the size of the glass coach Diana and her father rode in to the ceremony. They found it difficult to fit inside the glass coach, and the train was badly crushed despite Diana's efforts. This accounted for the visible wrinkles in the wedding gown when she arrived at the cathedral. [13] (#cite_note-Knight2011-13) The Emanuels also created a parasol in a matching taffeta to be used by Diana in case the wedding day turned out to be rainy. [14] (#cite_note-14) Diana also had a spare wedding dress, which would have acted as a stand-in if the dress' design was revealed before the wedding day. [15] (#cite_note-15) The spare dress had tiny pearls sewn on the bodice and was made out of "pale ivory silk taffeta with embroidered scalloped details on the hem and sleeves." It shared some features with Diana's main wedding dress, including a V-neck, three-quarter sleeves and a wide skirt. [16] (#cite_note-16) Reception and influence [ edit ] The dress set wedding fashion trends after the wedding. Large puffed sleeves, a full skirt and "soft touch fabrics" became popular requests. [17] (#cite_note-17) Copies by other dressmakers were available "within hours" of the 1981 wedding. [18] (#cite_note-18) Many bridal experts considered the dress a "gold standard" in wedding fashion in the years after the wedding. [19] (#cite_note-19) Continued appreciation for the dress was not universal. One 2004 bridal magazine listed it as "too much dress, too little princess." [20] (#cite_note-20) Nevertheless, Elizabeth Emanuel noted in 2011 that she still received requests for replicas of Diana's dress. In his 2003 memoir, A Royal Duty , Paul Burrell (/wiki/Paul_Burrell) wrote that Diana had wanted the dress to be part of the fashion collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . [21] (#cite_note-Burrell2004-21) The dress toured for many years with the exhibition "Diana: A Celebration", though generally it stayed for only part of the exhibit. Althorp House (/wiki/Althorp_House) , Northampton was the prime display location for the dress. [22] (#cite_note-22) Ownership of Diana's dress transferred from her brother to her sons in 2014 because she had requested that her belongings be handed back to them when they both turned 30. [23] (#cite_note-23) Her engagement ring (/wiki/Engagement_ring_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) was given to Prince William (/wiki/Prince_William) , while the wedding dress' ownership was given to both Prince William and Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry) . [24] (#cite_note-Tel-Estate-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2018, the dress was chosen as one of the "Most Influential British Royal Wedding Dresses of All Time" by Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2021, it went on display at Kensington Palace as a part of the "Royal Style in the Making" exhibition. [27] (#cite_note-27) See also [ edit ] Royalty portal (/wiki/Portal:Royalty) United Kingdom portal (/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom) Engagement ring of Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Engagement_ring_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) Travolta dress (/wiki/Travolta_dress) Revenge dress (/wiki/Revenge_dress) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "On this day:1981: Charles and Diana marry" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/29/newsid_2494000/2494949.stm) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 29 July 1981 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Denney, Colleen (April 2005). Representing Diana, Princess of Wales: cultural memory and fairy tales revisited . Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 57. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8386-4023-4 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steele, Valerie (9 November 2010). The Berg Companion to Fashion . Berg Publishers. p. 218. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-592-0 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Johnson, Maureen. "Designed of Lady Diana's wedding dress revealed" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BjtLAAAAIBAJ&dq=diana%20wedding&pg=2406%2C7438391) . The Press-Courier . Oxnard CA. Associated Press. p. 11 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-CowardMandela2007_5-0) Coward, Rosalind; Mandela, Nelson; McCorquodale, Sarah (1 July 2007). Diana: The Portrait: Anniversary Edition . Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7407-6792-0 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b McDowell, Colin (1 July 2007). Diana style . Aurum. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84513-200-2 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Moore1991_7-0) Moore, Sally (October 1991). The Definitive Diana: An Intimate Look at the Princess of Wales from A to Z . Contemporary Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8092-3948-1 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Royal Wedding Dresses throughout history" (https://www.royal.uk/wedding-dresses) . The Royal Family. 11 May 2018 . Retrieved 9 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Derschowitz, Jessica (16 November 2010). "Prince William Engagement: A Look Back at His Parents' Wedding" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prince-william-engagement-a-look-back-at-his-parents-wedding/) . CBS News . Retrieved 23 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Vargas, Chanel (7 March 2018). "Every Detail About Princess Diana's Iconic Wedding Dress" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/the-scene/weddings/g18205746/princess-diana-wedding-dress/) . Town & Country . Retrieved 23 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Alexander, Hilary. "Kate Middleton wedding dress is Sarah Burton for Alexander McQueen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110502024019/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8477689/Kate-Middleton-wedding-dress-is-Sarah-Burton-for-Alexander-McQueen.html) . Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8477689/Kate-Middleton-wedding-dress-is-Sarah-Burton-for-Alexander-McQueen.html) on 2 May 2011 . Retrieved 16 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Paprocki2009_12-0) Paprocki, Sherry Beck (July 2009). Diana, Princess of Wales: Humanitarian . Infobase Publishing. p. 35. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60413-463-6 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Knight2011_13-0) Knight, Julian (22 March 2011). The Royal Wedding For Dummies . John Wiley and Sons. p. 68 (https://archive.org/details/royalweddingford0000knig/page/68) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-119-97030-9 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Goldberg, Carrie (16 October 2020). "Everything You Need to Know About Princess Diana's Wedding Gown" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/wedding/photos/g34048234/princess-diana-wedding-dress-facts/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 26 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Peiffer, Kimberly (28 March 2011). "Princess Diana's Spare Wedding Dress Revealed" (http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20395222_20476911,00.html) . People . Retrieved 30 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Murphy, Nichola (5 August 2023). "Princess Diana's 'spare' wedding dress that was never pictured unveiled by designer" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/499047/princess-diana-spare-wedding-dress-unveiled-for-first-time-by-designer-exclusive/) . Hello! . Retrieved 10 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Rodd, Debbie (June 1982). "Classic Wedding Ways" (https://books.google.com/books?id=ORYEAAAAMBAJ&q=diana+dress+wedding&pg=PA92) . Orange Coast Magazine (/wiki/Orange_Coast_Magazine) . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Kate's wedding dress recreated in just five hours" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/kates-wedding-dress-recreated-in-just-five-hours/story-e6frf7jx-1226047668734) . The Herald Sun . AFP. 1 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Nixon-Knight, Lynnell (January 2007). "Natural Evolution" (https://books.google.com/books?id=RB0DAAAAMBAJ&q=diana+dress+wedding&pg=RA1-PA25) . Indianapolis Monthly . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Armstrong, Colleen (Winter 2004). "Top 10 perks for 21st century brides" (https://books.google.com/books?id=4B0DAAAAMBAJ&q=diana+dress+wedding&pg=PA36) . Cincinnati Wedding . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Burrell2004_21-0) Paul Burrell (3 June 2004). A Royal Duty . Penguin Adult. p. 250. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-101828-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Kensington Palace - FAQs" (http://www.hrp.org.uk/KensingtonPalace/Faqs.aspx) . Historic Royal Palaces . Retrieved 30 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Princess Diana Wedding Dress Going Home" (http://ca.hellomagazine.com/brides/2014090120744/princess-diana-wedding-dress-going-home/) . Hello Magazine. 1 September 2014 . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tel-Estate_24-0) "What will Prince Harry and Prince William inherit from Princess Diana?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/diana/11069069/What-will-Prince-Harry-and-Prince-William-inherit-from-Princess-Diana.html) . The Daily Telegraph. 1 September 2014 . Retrieved 2 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Picheta, Rob (27 April 2021). "Princess Diana's wedding dress to go on display after William and Harry agree to loan" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/princess-diana-wedding-dress-exhibition-scli-intl-gbr/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 28 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Lang, Cady (1 May 2018). "The 12 Most Influential British Royal Wedding Dresses of All Time" (http://time.com/5246940/british-royal-wedding-dresses/) . Time . Retrieved 3 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Turner, Lauren (2 June 2021). "Princess Diana's wedding dress going on display at Kensington Palace" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57338265) . BBC . Retrieved 3 June 2021 . Further reading [ edit ] The Emanuels (2006). A Dress for Diana . Pavilion Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-86205-749-4 . (reissued in March 2011) External links [ edit ] Diana: The Exhibition page about the wedding (http://www.dianaexhibition.com/exhibition/royalwedding.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110624024742/http://www.dianaexhibition.com/exhibition/royalwedding.htm) 24 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) v t e Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997 ( 1961-07-01 – 1997-08-31 ) Titles (1981–1996) Princess of Wales (/wiki/Princess_of_Wales) Duchess of Cornwall (/wiki/Duchess_of_Cornwall) Duchess of Rothesay (/wiki/Duchess_of_Rothesay) Countess of Chester (/wiki/Countess_of_Chester_(title)) Baroness of Renfrew (/wiki/Baroness_of_Renfrew) Family Charles III (/wiki/Charles_III) (former husband) William, Prince of Wales (/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales) (elder son) Harry, Duke of Sussex (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) (younger son) John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (/wiki/John_Spencer,_8th_Earl_Spencer) (father) Frances 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Story (/wiki/Charles_%26_Diana:_A_Royal_Love_Story) (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (/wiki/The_Royal_Romance_of_Charles_and_Diana) (1982) Spitting Image (/wiki/Spitting_Image) (1984–1996) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (/wiki/Charles_and_Diana:_Unhappily_Ever_After) (1992) Willi und die Windzors (/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors) (1996) Diana: Her True Story (/wiki/Diana:_Her_True_Story_(film)) (1993) Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess (/wiki/Diana:_A_Tribute_to_the_People%27s_Princess) (1998) Diana: The Rose Conspiracy (/wiki/Diana:_The_Rose_Conspiracy) (2005) Whatever Love Means (/wiki/Whatever_Love_Means) (2005) The Queen (2006) Diana: Last Days of a Princess (/wiki/Diana:_Last_Days_of_a_Princess) (2007) The Murder of Princess Diana (/wiki/The_Murder_of_Princess_Diana) (2007) Diana (/wiki/Diana_(2013_film)) (2013) The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) (2020–2023) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(film)) (2021) Documentaries The Queen 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(/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) 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Informal traditional Scottish shirt For the full-body camouflage suit, see Ghillie suit (/wiki/Ghillie_suit) . Man in kilt and Ghillie shirt. A Ghillie shirt , also known as Jacobean or Jacobite , is an informal traditional shirt usually worn with a kilt (/wiki/Kilt) . The term Ghillie refers to the criss-crossed lacing style made of leather as also seen on the Ghillie Brogue. Ghillie shirts are considered to be more casual than their shirt and waist-coat counterpart that is normally seen with the kilt. Ghillie shirts are traditionally used for dances or ceilidhs (/wiki/Ceilidh) as they are light and spacious to allow for air to pass through. They do not need to be worn with any sort of tie. The Irish version of the Ghillie shirt is the Grandfather shirt (/wiki/Grandfather_shirt) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "New Scotland Country Dance Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100325203517/http://www.newscotland.org.uk/page/info/dance_equipment) . Newscotland.org.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.newscotland.org.uk/page/info/dance_equipment) on March 25, 2010 . Retrieved 2010-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Scotland Guide - Traditions and Culture - Kilts and their history" (http://www.siliconglen.com/Scotland/12_3.html) . Siliconglen.com. 2010-04-24 . Retrieved 2010-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Men's Ghillie Shirt" (http://www.macgregorandmacduff.co.uk/kilt-accessories/highland-wear-accessories/shirts.html) . MacGregor and MacDuff . Retrieved 2010-05-21 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghillie_shirt&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐6kbmn Cached time: 20240712174945 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.287 seconds Real time usage: 0.509 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 364/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8633/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 502/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15919/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3858380/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 339.388 1 -total 36.51% 123.912 1 Template:Reflist 31.46% 106.788 3 Template:Cite_web 28.65% 97.229 1 Template:Short_description 25.12% 85.251 1 Template:Clothing-stub 24.17% 82.044 1 Template:Asbox 15.80% 53.637 2 Template:Pagetype 8.78% 29.805 1 Template:For 6.64% 22.539 3 Template:Main_other 5.80% 19.688 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25243391-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712174945 and revision id 1218921224. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghillie_shirt&oldid=1218921224 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghillie_shirt&oldid=1218921224) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Highland dress (/wiki/Category:Highland_dress) Shirts (/wiki/Category:Shirts) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
French higher education institution Institut Français de la Mode (IFM) ( French (/wiki/French_language) for "French Institute of Fashion") is a higher education institution offering postgraduate courses [1] (#cite_note-1) and applied research for the fashion, luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) , design and textile industries, and creative industries more generally. In 2017, IFM was ranked number 1 worldwide for Fashion Business Masters programs, [2] (#cite_note-2) and number 2 worldwide for Fashion Design Masters programs [3] (#cite_note-3) by The Business of Fashion (https://www.businessoffashion.com/education/rankings/2017/business) . History [ edit ] In the early 1980s French authorities and representatives of the fashion industry suggested the creation of a fashion institute, aiming to train "the masterminds of couture and prêt-à-porter houses" as well as the textile industry. [4] (#cite_note-«_Un_institut_pour_la_mode_»-4) Jack Lang (/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)) , Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) , and heads of professional bodies and trade associations took up the issue. [4] (#cite_note-«_Un_institut_pour_la_mode_»-4) Created in 1986 by the French Ministry of Industry and placed under its administrative supervision, IFM offers postgraduate education, executive education, research and expertise. Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) , its founding Chairman, [5] (#cite_note-5) summarizes its mission in these words: "I have always believed there should be no barriers between the various joblines of our industry. I have always believed that you cannot do a good job if you don't understand those of others. In a nutshell, that people need to measure up, understand each other and work together". [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1986, IFM created a Postgraduate Programme in Fashion, Design and Luxury Management in order to reinforce managerial skills within the industry. [7] (#cite_note-7) This programme aimed to promote the job of product manager for the fashion and luxuries industry, and leads to a variety of careers: supply management, marketing (of products and design in these industries), communications, sales, merchandising and distribution. Many senior managers and business leaders in the industry are alumni of this program. IFM's Postgraduate Programme in Fashion, Design and Luxury Management is recognised by the French Higher Education and Research Ministry for a period of six years. [8] (#cite_note-8) The degree is also registered by the French National Directory of Professional Certifications (level 1). [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2000, the Fashion Design Postgraduate Program was created, as a way to strengthen links between management and design. [10] (#cite_note-10) This program, offered in English, offers three majors (Garment, Accessory, Image), and has attracted many talented people wishing to hone their creative skills in France. Selected designers are immersed in the business reality of partner companies, with whom they design prototypes (garments, shoes, leatherwork). Students hold an initial degree for fashion schools in France ( école supérieure des arts appliqués Duperré (/wiki/%C3%89cole_Duperr%C3%A9) , Studio Berçot (/wiki/Studio_Ber%C3%A7ot) , école de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne (/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_la_chambre_syndicale_de_la_couture_parisienne) for haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , atelier Chardon Savard) and abroad such as Central Saint Martins College of art and design (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) , Felicidad Duce, New York's Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) (FIT), Ecole nationale supérieure des arts visuels de La Cambre (/wiki/La_Cambre) , or Antwerp's Royal Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Antwerp)) . IFM's Fashion Design Postgraduate Programme is registered by the French National Directory of Professional Certifications (level 1). [11] (#cite_note-11) As of September 2013 IFM offers another programme in English: the Master of Science in International Luxury Management (MSc Luxury). [12] (#cite_note-12) This programme is open to international students wishing to pursue an international career with French and European luxury companies. Since 2009 Summer School programmes have been offered to non-specialized high school and college students [13] (#cite_note-13) in order to provide them with a basic picture of the culture of fashion and luxury, and an overview of creative industries in all of their dimensions: culture, joblines, economy, products, creative processes, image and communications. Since 1987 IFM has been developing a range of executive education courses, with open-enrolment and custom-designed programs for companies (over 2,000 executives trained every year). [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2004 an Executive MBA programme was launched in Global Fashion Management, compatible with a professional career or an entrepreneurial project, and with an international curriculum through partnerships with New York's Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) and Hong Kong Polytechnic University. [15] (#cite_note-15) Since 1994 a large-scale scholarship scheme has been funded by a circle of patron companies, [16] (#cite_note-16) allowing IFM to encourage social diversity of its students. In 2015 this Circle of Patrons was made up of 16 companies and business foundations. In 1999 IFM took on the Centre textile de conjoncture et d’observation économique , a specialized institution analysing production, consumption, distribution and international trade in the textile and garment industries. This institute for applied research and expertise became IFM's Economic Observatory , which produces and publishes market studies for business professionals in the industry. IFM's Research department is also in charge of organizing a series of public conferences. Each year since 2009, it has co-ordinated a dozen conferences by academics and experts open to the general public. Activities [ edit ] IFM programmes are open to holders of a higher education degree (levels M1 and M2), offering them specialized and vocational programs in the field of management and design. IFM alumni (2,000 in France and abroad) pursue careers in companies, or set up their own businesses. [17] (#cite_note-17) As well as the humanities textbooks published by the Research department, IFM regularly produces business or market studies for business professionals. Networks and partnerships [ edit ] The governing bodies of IFM Paris (Academic Affairs Council and Economic Affairs Council) are made up of senior managers and managing directors in the textile, fashion and design industries. In 2013 IFM joined heSam (hautes études Sorbonne arts et métiers), an academic cluster for social sciences and humanities, engineering, private and public governance, design and heritage. This cluster is composed of universities and schools such as université Panthéon-Sorbonne (/wiki/Pantheon-Sorbonne_University) (Paris 1), Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (/wiki/Conservatoire_national_des_arts_et_m%C3%A9tiers) , école des hautes études en sciences sociales (/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences) , ESCP Business School (/wiki/ESCP_Business_School) , ENA (/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration) , and école nationale supérieure de création industrielle (/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_cr%C3%A9ation_industrielle) . In 2006, IFM became a member of the Conférence des grandes écoles (/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_Grandes_%C3%A9coles) . Since 2011 IFM Paris has been officially recognized by the French state (decree published in the Official Bulletin for higher education and research, 14 July 2011). [18] (#cite_note-18) In December 2008, IFM moved to new premises at the Docks, Cité de la mode et du design (/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_mode_et_du_design) , quai d'Austerlitz in Paris. IFM is a partner and organizer of an innovation network called R3iLab, promoting non-technological innovation for SMCs in the industry, in areas such as product design, marketing and sales. IFM's participation was supported and called for by the French Ministry of Industry. [19] (#cite_note-19) IFM is also co-organizer, with the London College of Fashion, of European project WORTH, supported by the European Commission (/wiki/European_Commission) . This project promotes pan-European partnerships between designers and small- and mid-size companies, in order to develop innovative new fashion and lifestyle products. Structure and organization [ edit ] Management [ edit ] President: André Beirnaert Dean: Dominique Jacomet (Xavier Romatet as of August 26, 2019) Executive Director: Sylvie Ebel IFM is structured around 3 units: Education (executive education, postgraduate education (/wiki/Postgraduate_education) , Executive MBA (/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration) , programs for entrepreneurs, PhD) Expertise (Economic Observatory, market studies, publications and academic events) Information (library, internet and social media) Awards and reputation [ edit ] Global rankings: Best Fashion Schools In The World, 2016 by the CEOWORLD magazine – 75th place [20] (#cite_note-Best_Fashion_Schools_In_The_World,_2016-20) [ citation needed ] European rankings: Best Fashion Schools In Europe, 2016 by the CEOWORLD magazine – 44th place [21] (#cite_note-Best_Fashion_Schools_In_Europe,_2016-21) [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "IFM Paris, Paris (75)" (http://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/annuaire-enseignement-superieur/etablissement/etablissement-institut-francais-de-la-mode-6945.html) . Letudiant.fr. 2015-06-16 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Business of Fashion 2017 Graduate Business ranking" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/education/rankings/2017/business) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Business of Fashion 2017 Graduate Fashion ranking" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/education/rankings/2017/masters) . ^ Jump up to: a b Mouclier, Jacques (June 2004). Haute couture . Jacques-Marie Laffont. pp. 191–192. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2-84928-052-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Laurence, Benaïm (June 2002). Yves Saint-Laurent . Grasset. p. 389. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2246458425 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "La spécialisation professionnelle". Textile Art Industrie (3): 77. 1986. j'ai toujours cru qu'il ne devait pas y avoir de frontières entre les différentes disciplines de nos métiers. J'ai toujours cru qu'on ne pouvait bien faire le sien qu'en connaissant celui des autres. En un mot, qu'il était indispensable de se mesurer, de se comprendre, pour vivre et travailler ensemble ^ (#cite_ref-7) "IFM - Le programme Postgraduate de Management de l'IFM a passé son oral sur Campus-Channel" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHacWNRSNjY) . YouTube. 2014-01-22 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "ESRS1200279A - ESR" (http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/pid20536/bulletin-officiel.html?cid_bo=61060&cbo=1) . enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Le Répertoire National des Certifications Professionnelles (RNCP) (Résumé descriptif de la certification) - Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924091657/http://www.rncp.cncp.gouv.fr/grand-public/visualisationFiche?format=fr&fiche=2213) . Rncp.cncp.gouv.fr. Archived from the original (http://www.rncp.cncp.gouv.fr/grand-public/visualisationFiche?format=fr&fiche=2213) on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "IFM: Hans de Foer, nouveau directeur du Programme Postgraduate de Création" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121222063831/http://www.fashion-dailynews.com/mode/ifm-hans-de-foer-nouveau-directeur-du-programme-postgraduate-de-creation.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.fashion-dailynews.com/mode/ifm-hans-de-foer-nouveau-directeur-du-programme-postgraduate-de-creation.html) on December 22, 2012 . Retrieved July 27, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Arrêté du 18 avril 2013 portant enregistrement au répertoire national des certifications professionnelles" (http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027362778&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id) (in French). Legifrance. 2013-04-18 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "IFM - MSc in International Luxury Management a passé son oral sur Campus-Channel" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvk3DXT8qXg) . YouTube. 2014-03-03 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Summer school et stage d'été mode 2012 six écoles de stylisme - L'Express Styles" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode/summer-school-et-stage-d-ete-mode-2012-six-ecoles-de-stylisme_1126612.html) . Lexpress.fr. 2012-06-15 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Formation Continue - Institut Français de le Mode - vidéo dailymotion" (https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xfqzhu_formation-continue-institut-francais-de-le-mode_creation) . Dailymotion.com. 2010-11-23 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Les MBA français spécialisés :Des passerelles pour se réinventer- 10 juin 2013" (http://www.challenges.fr/special-mba/20130607.CHA0498/les-mba-francais-specialisesdes-passerelles-pour-se-reinventer.html) . Challenges.fr. 10 June 2013 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Hermès Fondation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140808134918/http://www.fondationdentreprisehermes.org/Savoir-faire-et-transmission/Formation-et-decouverte-des-metiers/Le-Cercle-de-l-Institut-francais-de-la-mode) (in French). Fondationdentreprisehermes.org. Archived from the original (http://www.fondationdentreprisehermes.org/Savoir-faire-et-transmission/Formation-et-decouverte-des-metiers/Le-Cercle-de-l-Institut-francais-de-la-mode) on 2014-08-08 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "La mode c'est aussi du management: entretien avec Sylvie Ebel, directeur général adjoint de l'Institut français de la mode \| Il y a une vie après le bac !" (http://orientation.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/07/01/la-mode-cest-aussi-du-management-entretien-avec-sylvie-ebel-directeur-general-adjoint-de-linstitut-francais-de-la-mode/) . Orientation.blog.lemonde.fr . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "ESRS1100222A - ESR" (http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/pid20536/bulletin-officiel.html?cid_bo=56815) . enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr. 2011-06-21 . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "R3iLab" (http://www.r3ilab.fr/) . R3ilab.fr . Retrieved 2015-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-Best_Fashion_Schools_In_The_World,_2016_20-0) "Best Fashion Schools In The World, 2016" (http://ceoworld.biz/2016/05/18/top-100-fashion-schools-world-2016-ranking) . CEOWORLD magazine . Retrieved May 18, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Best_Fashion_Schools_In_Europe,_2016_21-0) "Best Fashion Schools In Europe, 2016" (http://ceoworld.biz/2016/08/08/best-fashion-schools-europe-2016) . CEOWORLD magazine . Retrieved August 8, 2016 . 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Italian fashion designer (born 1971) Massimiliano Giornetti (born 29 October 1971 in Carrara (/wiki/Carrara) ) is an Italian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . He has been the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of the luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) company Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) from 2004 to 2016, and the creative director at the Hong Kong luxury fashion house Shanghai Tang (/wiki/Shanghai_Tang) since 2018. Education and career [ edit ] A graduate in English language and literature, he attended the fashion design course at the Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) [ when? ] in Florence, and has worked with the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) and the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Giornetti's career in the fashion industry began in Rome (/wiki/Rome) where he worked for a year with designer Anton Giulio Grande on the development of the ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) and haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) collections; he later worked as a designer for a knitwear company specializing in cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) . Salvatore Ferragamo [ edit ] Giornetti began working in the men's division at Salvatore Ferragamo in July 2000, becoming creative director in 2004. [2] (#cite_note-2) In January 2010, he began designing the women's ready-to-wear collection, and after a few months he was appointed creative director for the entire Ferragamo label, becoming the company's first creative director. [ citation needed ] In 2011, Giornetti presented the first Salvatore Ferragamo women's resort collection (/wiki/Cruise_collection) with an intimate show held in the former residence of heiress, philanthropist and art collector Doris Duke (/wiki/Doris_Duke) (one of the last mansions on Millionaire's Row (/wiki/Millionaire%27s_Row) of New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) 's Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) ). [ citation needed ] He left the brand in March 2016. [3] (#cite_note-Citation1:2016:TheNY-3) Writes The New York Times , "When his collections were well received, Mr. Giornetti was often praised for polish and poise, but this could be a double-edged sword. Guy Trebay, the men’s wear fashion critic for The New York Times , reviewing Mr. Giornetti’s most recent men’s wear collection in January [2016], faulted it for 'an excess of correctness.'" [3] (#cite_note-Citation1:2016:TheNY-3) Collections [ edit ] In 2012, Salvatore Ferragamo was involved in a project combining art and history. The company sponsored the Saint Anne (/wiki/Saint_Anne) – Leonardo da Vinci (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) 's Ultimate Masterpiece exhibition at the Louvre (/wiki/Louvre) museum in Paris (/wiki/Paris) between 29 March and 25 June 2012. To mark the occasion, Giornetti presented the Salvatore Ferragamo women's resort 2013 collection in the Louvre's Denon Wing (/w/index.php?title=Denon_Wing&action=edit&redlink=1) , marking the first time that the museum had opened its internal spaces for a fashion show. [4] (#cite_note-4) Supermodels, including Bianca Balti (/wiki/Bianca_Balti) , Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) , Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) , and Karmen Pedaru (/wiki/Karmen_Pedaru) , paraded on a 140-metre (460-foot) catwalk in front of over 500 VIP guests. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2013, Salvatore Ferragamo was the title sponsor of the inaugural evening of the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts (/wiki/Wallis_Annenberg_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) in Beverly Hills, California (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , where Giornetti presented the Salvatore Ferragamo spring/summer 2014 collection, highlighted by evening gowns (/wiki/Evening_gown) designed especially for the occasion and inspired by the brand's founding in Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) almost 100 years ago. [6] (#cite_note-6) Awards [ edit ] This section of a biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) does not include (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any references or sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . Find sources: "Massimiliano Giornetti" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Massimiliano+Giornetti%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) November 2011: GQ Spain (/wiki/GQ) – "Man of the Year" award for best designer November 2012: Marie Claire Spain (/wiki/Marie_Claire) – "Best accessory collection" of the year award August 2013: "City of Carrara award for excellence – category Made in Italy" November 2013: GQ Mexico (/wiki/GQ) – International Designer of the year [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) List of Italians (/wiki/List_of_Italians) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ramshaw, Emily (21 September 2013). "Family Affair: How Ferragamo Is Taking Over" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140130022849/http://www.flare.com/fashion/family-affair-how-ferragamo-is-taking-over/) . Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.flare.com/fashion/family-affair-how-ferragamo-is-taking-over/) on 30 January 2014 . Retrieved 22 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wilson, Anamaria (30 October 2012). "Fashion's Best Kept Secret" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-photography/ferragamo-massimiliano-giornetti-fashion-shoot-1112#slide-1) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 22 January 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Schneier, Matthew (24 March 2016), "Ferragamo Parts Ways With Its Designer" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/w-salvatore-ferragamo-haute-bohemians/) , The New York Times ^ (#cite_ref-4) Morris, Bob (13 November 2012). "Ferragamo's Italian Renaissance" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/spotlight/massimiliano-giometti-interview) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 22 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Martin, J.J. (18 November 2012). "Massimiliano Giornetti –The Ferragamo Fit" (http://nuvomagazine.com/magazine/winter-2012/the-ferragamo-fit) . NUVO . Retrieved 22 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Haskell, Rob. "Ferragamo's L.A. Story – With Help from Well-Heeled Friends, the Italian Fashion House Revisits Its Hollywood Roots" (http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2014/01/salvatore-ferragamo-hollywood-los-angeles/) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Massimiliano Giornetti, dalla moda al design" (https://www.lanazione.it/massa-carrara/cronaca/massimiliano-giornetti-dalla-moda-al-design-1.4506528) . La Nazione (/wiki/La_Nazione) . 24 March 2019 . Retrieved 2 January 2021 . Rodale, Inc. (October 2008). Best Life . Rodale, Inc. pp. 34–. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1548-212X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1548-212X) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Religious headgear (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_headgear) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐bbdrt Cached time: 20240720182351 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.069 seconds Real time usage: 0.152 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2666/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 304/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.040/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1003563/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 144.706 1 Template:Commonscat 100.00% 144.706 1 -total 96.74% 139.985 1 Template:Sister_project 95.07% 137.574 1 Template:Side_box 65.36% 94.575 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44532370-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720182351 and revision id 1061793298. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Coats of arms with mitres (/wiki/Category:Coats_of_arms_with_mitres) ‎ (11 P) H Hijab (/wiki/Category:Hijab) ‎ (1 C, 41 P) Pages in category "Religious headgear" The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ammama (/wiki/Ammama) B Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Burzinqa (/wiki/Burzinqa) C Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Colander (/wiki/Colander) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) D Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) G Galero (/wiki/Galero) Gargush (/wiki/Gargush) Goldman v. Weinberger (/wiki/Goldman_v._Weinberger) H Hanging veil (/wiki/Hanging_veil) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) J Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) K Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Kapp (headcovering) (/wiki/Kapp_(headcovering)) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) M Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Mohair berets (/wiki/Mohair_berets) P Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Patka (/wiki/Patka) Philippi Collection (/wiki/Philippi_Collection) Pilgrim's hat (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Pittsfield phylactery (/wiki/Pittsfield_phylactery) Priestly turban (/wiki/Priestly_turban) S Shovel hat (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Sudra (headdress) (/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)) T Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Turban (/wiki/Turban) U Umqhele (/wiki/Umqhele) W Wideawake hat (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) World Hijab Day (/wiki/World_Hijab_Day) Z Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Religious_headgear&oldid=1061793298 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Religious_headgear&oldid=1061793298) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Headgear (/wiki/Category:Headgear) Religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Religious_clothing) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Museum in Ontario chronicling the history of fashion Fashion History Museum is a museum in Cambridge, Ontario (/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario) , Canada, which chronicles the history of fashion (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) . It was founded in 2004 [1] (#cite_note-Website-1) by Jonathan Walford and Kenn Norman. [2] (#cite_note-Racked-2) The museum is a non-profit charitable organization. [3] (#cite_note-window-3) Fashion History Museum in the Old Hespeler Post Office History [ edit ] Founders [ edit ] Prior to founding the Fashion History Museum, Jonathan Walford had been the founding curator of the Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) . [2] (#cite_note-Racked-2) [4] (#cite_note-Home-4) Walford has been collecting historical fashions since the 1970s, finding pieces from auction houses, garage sales, and even rescuing some items from the trash. [2] (#cite_note-Racked-2) He has also written several books on fashion. [5] (#cite_note-WornThrough-5) Walford is currently the museum's Director/Curator. The museum's other founder, Kenn Norman, who serves as the Chair of the museum's board, has a background in finance, project management and design. [3] (#cite_note-window-3) [5] (#cite_note-WornThrough-5) Southworks Gallery [ edit ] For the first ten years of its existence the museum lacked a permanent gallery, so it created exhibitions that travelled around Canada and the world, from Hong Kong to Bahrain. [6] (#cite_note-Opens-6) A pilot gallery in a mall [5] (#cite_note-WornThrough-5) in Cambridge Ontario, in 2013 saw almost 8000 visitors in the four and a half months the museum was open there. [7] (#cite_note-7) Hespeler Post Office [ edit ] In June 2015 the museum opened in a 3,000 square foot decommissioned post-office that had been opened in 1929 [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) in the former town of Hespeler (/wiki/Hespeler,_Ontario) , now a neighbourhood of Cambridge. [4] (#cite_note-Home-4) [3] (#cite_note-window-3) The museum retained and restored the original terrazzo floors and installed replicas of antique light fixtures for lighting. [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) A restoration project for the clock over the museum's front doors was funded by the public. [9] (#cite_note-Happening-9) The town of Cambridge was once a textile manufacturing hub, making the museum a suitable fit with the town's history. [3] (#cite_note-window-3) Collection [ edit ] The museum's collection encompasses over 10,000 items. [4] (#cite_note-Home-4) These items range from what may be the oldest existing European shoe worn in North America (it was reputedly worn in New Amsterdam (/wiki/New_Amsterdam) and dates to about 1660), [2] (#cite_note-Racked-2) to dresses by Hollywood (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) (Adolph Greenberg) [4] (#cite_note-Home-4) to 1970s handbags made from cigarette packs. [6] (#cite_note-Opens-6) Exhibitions [ edit ] Before establishing the current gallery space, the museum created travelling exhibitions and pop-up shows. 2009 exhibitions [ edit ] Open Drawers (Collection highlights) - Guelph Civic Museum, August 15–30 Talkin' Bout My Generation (1960s fashion) - Waterloo Region Children's Museum, June–September Everyday Wear (Daywear fashions 1820 - 1920) - Ball's Falls Centre for Conservation, November 2009 - January 2010 2010 exhibitions [ edit ] The Towering Art of the Shoe (high heeled shoes 1780 - 1980) - New Town Plaza, Sha Tin, China, May 2010 2011 exhibitions [ edit ] Nuclear Fashion (fashion advertising 1946 - 1964) - Waterloo City Museum, May–September Winter Sports (fashions for sport 1880 - 1930) - Ball's Falls Centre for Conservation, December 2012 exhibitions [ edit ] 12.12.12 Life in Three Centuries - Guelph Museum, January 21 - March 10 A Shoe Story (shoes 1780 - 1980) - Manama Mall, Bahrain, May 23 - June 16 12.12.12 Life in Three Centuries - Markham Museum, September 22 - April 30, 2013 Nuclear Fashion (fashion advertising 1946 - 1964) - Burlington Mueum, October - December Action! Sport, Film & Fashion - Grand River Film Festival, Cambridge, October 16–20 2013 exhibitions [ edit ] Paisley and Plaid: Recurring Patterns in Fashion - Southworks, Cambridge, July 27 - November 30 Fashion for the Future: Acquisitions from the new millennium - Southworks, Cambridge, July 27 - September 15 It's in the Bag: An Anthology of Purse Styles - Southworks, Cambridge, July 27 - December 22 Open Drawers: Recent acquisitions - Southworks, Cambridge, September 20 - December 22 MODe: Fashions of the 1960s - Southworks, Cambridge, December 5–22 2014 exhibitions [ edit ] Street Style: Fashions in Waterloo County 1853 - 1973 - Waterloo Region Museum, May 15 - January 10, 2015 2015 exhibitions [ edit ] The present gallery space opened June 27 with the following exhibitions: [2] (#cite_note-Racked-2) Treasures from the Collection [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) Back to the Eighties [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) What to do with an old post office? [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) Punks and Posers: 1980s Portraits from New York and London [8] (#cite_note-Settles-8) Image of the Treasures from the Collection exhibit 2016 exhibitions [ edit ] To Meet the Queen: What to Wear in the Presence of Royalty [10] (#cite_note-Hidden-10) A Canadian Fashion Story: Pat McDonagh 1967–2014 [10] (#cite_note-Hidden-10) Throw me something, Sister? Muses, Mardi Gras, and Glittered Shoes, curated by Angela Brayham [11] (#cite_note-11) [10] (#cite_note-Hidden-10) Barbie's Boyfriend Ken: The Vintage Years 1961–1967, curated by James Fowler [12] (#cite_note-cambridgetimes.ca-12) What I did on my Summer Vacation: Photographs by Walter Segers [12] (#cite_note-cambridgetimes.ca-12) Tying the Knot: 200 Years of Wedding Attire [13] (#cite_note-13) [10] (#cite_note-Hidden-10) Brides Revisited: Wedding Photography 1870–1970 Wild and Rare: Fashion and Endangered Species, curated by Lisa Cox [14] (#cite_note-Fur-14) Image of the Wild and Rare exhibit 2017 exhibitions [ edit ] Dior: 1947–1962 (March–July 2017) [15] (#cite_note-15) Fashioning Canada Since 1867 (March–December 2017) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Jane Austen's World: 1792 - 1817 (July–December 2017) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Then, Now, Next: Celebrating one hundred and fifty years of Canada’s contribution to the world of fashion (September 13–October 27, 2017) [20] (#cite_note-20) 2018 exhibition [ edit ] 101 Tales of Fashion (March - December 2018) [ citation needed ] 2019 exhibition [ edit ] Made in France (March - December 2019) [ citation needed ] 2020/2021 exhibition [ edit ] All exhibitions cancelled due to COVID, and instead, renovations were made to the gallery space 2022 exhibition [ edit ] Museum reopened briefly in December 2021 before closing again in January, and reopening February 23, 2022. Exhibitions include: 300 Years of Fashion - 40 Outfits Illustrating the History of Fashion 1720 - 2020 Frock On - A Century of Teenage Fashion, Music, and Culture, 1920 - 2020 Specs Appeal - A History of Eyewear (renamed from its original title 20/20 that was to debut in 2020) Portraits from Mali: Photographs by Malick Sidibe and Seydou Keïta 1951 - 1976 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Website_1-0) "About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035525/http://fashionhistorymuseum.com/index-1.html) . FHM . Fashion History Museum. Archived from the original (http://www.fashionhistorymuseum.com/index-1.html) on 30 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Slone, Isabel (18 May 2016). "Welcome to the Fashion History Museum of Cambridge, Ontario" (http://www.racked.com/2016/5/18/11571552/fashion-history-museum-cambridge-ontario) . Racked . Vox . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Weidner, Johanna (10 September 2015). "Fashion a window to history at Cambridge museum" (http://www.guelphmercury.com/living-story/5837438-fashion-a-window-to-history-at-cambridge-museum/) . Guelph Mercury . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Aggerholm, Barbara (1 November 2014). "Fashion museum styling a permanent home in Cambridge" (http://www.therecord.com/living-story/4956102-fashion-museum-styling-a-permanent-home-in-cambridge/) . Waterloo Region Record . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Ingrid. "Fashion in the Museum: The Opening of The Fashion History Museum" (http://www.wornthrough.com/2013/08/fashion-in-the-museum-opening-the-fashion-history-museum/) . Worn Through; Apparel from an Academic Perspective . Retrieved 16 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hicks, Jeff (26 July 2013). "Fashion History Museum opens in Cambridge" (http://www.therecord.com/living-story/3911055-fashion-history-museum-opens-in-cambridge/) . Waterloo Region Record . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Aggerholm, Barbara (June 2014). "After a fashion". Grand . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Martin, Ray (9 July 2015). "Fashion History Museum settles into Hespeler core" (http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/news-story/5714468-fashion-history-museum-settles-into-hespeler-core/) . Cambridge Times . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Happening_9-0) Martin, Ray (24 May 2016). "There's a whole lot happening in Hespeler" (http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/news-story/6564830-there-s-a-whole-lot-happening-in-hespeler/) . Cambridge Times . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Buchanan, Vinnie (6 May 2016). "Fashion museum a hidden treasure in Hespeler" (http://www.therecord.com/living-story/6531340-fashion-museum-a-hidden-treasure-in-hespeler/) . Waterloo Region Record . Retrieved 16 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Buchanan, Vinnie (6 May 2016). "Museum a Hidden Treasure in Hespeler" (http://www.therecord.com/living-story/6531340-fashion-museum-a-hidden-treasure-in-hespeler/) . The Record . ^ Jump up to: a b Corkum, Keith (4 Aug 2016). "Fashion exhibit combs through Ken's closet" (http://www.cambridgetimes.ca/whatson-story/6793669-fashion-exhibit-combs-through-ken-s-closet/) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Calendar" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220170851/http://fashionhistorymuseum.com/index-3.html) . Fashion History Museum. Archived from the original (http://fashionhistorymuseum.com/index-3.html) on 2016-12-20. ^ (#cite_ref-Fur_14-0) Thompson, Catherine (13 November 2016). "Fur, feathers and controversy Museum explores fashion's uneasy history with animals" (http://www.therecord.com/news-story/6963914-fur-feathers-and-controversy/) . Waterloo Region Record . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Dior: 1947 - 1962 \| Ontario Museums" (http://www.museumsontario.ca/museum/Fashion-History-Museum/whats-on/exhibitions/Dior--1947---1962) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Fashioning Canada Since 1867" (http://nuvomagazine.com/style/fashioning-canada-since-1867) . 14 March 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Looking good, eh? Fashion museum showcases the best of Canadian style \| CBC News" (http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/fashion-museum-cambridge-canada-history-150-1.4115725) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Fashion History Museum" (https://www.facebook.com/fashionhistorymuseum/posts/1189207897795734) . Facebook. ^ (#cite_ref-19) https://www.therecord.com/community-story/7492401-fashion-history-museum-hosts-clothing-from-the-time-of-jane-austin/ (https://www.therecord.com/community-story/7492401-fashion-history-museum-hosts-clothing-from-the-time-of-jane-austin/) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Then Now Next" (http://yorkvillevillage.com/event/modecanada150-retrospective//) . 28 January 2017. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion History Museum (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_History_Museum) . 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( April 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Karachi Fashion Week is a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) . It is the country's largest fashion display event. It has been hosted annually and coincides with the international and local spring and summer peak buying season. Karachi Fashion Week 2011 [ edit ] The third Karachi Fashion Week was held 6–9 October 2011. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) It was organized by Excellent Events and Entertainment (Pvt) Ltd. (Triple-E) under the aegis of the Pakistan Fashion Council (PFC), with support from both the International and National Chapter Pakistan of the World Fashion Organization (WFO). Veteran stylist Tariq Amin (/wiki/Tariq_Amin) was the creative and aesthetic consultant of KFW and, later, Islamabad Fashion Week (/wiki/Islamabad_Fashion_Week) . Karachi Fashion Week 2013 [ edit ] The fourth Karachi Fashion Week was held 27–29 January 2013. [3] (#cite_note-3) It was a 'by invitation' fashion trade event. Apart from establishment fashion designers and retail brands, Karachi Fashion Week 2013 had a large focus on emerging talent, providing them with the opportunity to showcase their collection on a professional runway, thus the physical and creative platform to truly maximize their exposure. This opportunity enabled aspiring designers to debut their collection in a fashion showcase and provided them with networking opportunities with international and local buyers and media. See also [ edit ] Lahore Fashion Week (/wiki/Lahore_Fashion_Week) Dubai Fashion Week (/wiki/Dubai_Fashion_Week) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Iqtidaruddin, Fakir Syed (7 October 2011). "Karachi Fashion Week 2011 - Parading the contemporary lifestyle" (https://www.brecorder.com/news/30871/) . brecorder.com . p. 1 . Retrieved 7 October 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) BERRY, FLIRTY (9 October 2011). "Top Designers Collection at Karachi Fashion Week 2011-Day 1" (https://style.pk/top-designers-collection-at-karachi-fashion-week-2011-day-1/) . style.pk . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Feerasta, Salima (13 April 2013). "Fashion Week Pakistan 2013 – FPW 5 – Fashion Overload" (https://www.karachista.com/fashion-week-pakistan-2013-fpw-5-fashion-overload/) . karachista.com . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . v t e Pakistani fashion (/wiki/Pakistani_fashion) industry Designers (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_fashion_designers) Maheen Khan (/wiki/Maheen_Khan) Mehmood Bhatti (/wiki/Mehmood_Bhatti) Sadaf Malaterre (/wiki/Sadaf_Malaterre) Deepak Perwani (/wiki/Deepak_Perwani) Hassan Sheheryar Yasin (/wiki/Hassan_Sheheryar_Yasin) Shamoon Sultan (/wiki/Shamoon_Sultan) Fashion events Fashion Pakistan Week (/wiki/Fashion_Pakistan_Week) Islamabad Fashion Week (/wiki/Islamabad_Fashion_Week) Karachi Fashion Week Lahore Fashion Week (/wiki/Lahore_Fashion_Week) PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Fashion schools International Fashion Academy Pakistan (/wiki/International_Fashion_Academy_Pakistan) Lahore School of Fashion Design (/wiki/Lahore_School_of_Fashion_Design) Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design (/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Fashion_and_Design) Other Fashion Central (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Central_(Pakistani_magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) List of Pakistani models (/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_models) This Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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The original store in 1905 after the 1899 remodel. Fábricas de Francia Zumpango (/wiki/Zumpango_de_Ocampo) Fábricas de Francia Zumpango Fábricas de Francia (English: Factories of France ) was a Mexican department store founded in 1878 in Guadalajara as a lingerie store by 3 French immigrants. [1] (#cite_note-valerio-1) In 1988, the El Puerto de Liverpool (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool) group bought the chain. [2] (#cite_note-2) By 2018, there were 41 Fábricas stores across Mexico. In 2018 and 2019, El Puerto de Liverpool phased out the Fábricas de Francia brand and all stores were converted to either the Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool_(department_store)) or Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) brand, except for four that were closed permanently. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Fábricas de Francia was founded as a lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) store in Guadalajara in 1878 by Disiderio Bonnafoux, José Chapuy and Léon Fortoul, immigrants from the Ubaye Valley (/wiki/Ubaye_Valley) and Barcelonnette (/wiki/Barcelonnette) in southeastern France. The original store was at the northeast corner of San Francisco street (today, Avenida Juárez) and Del Carmen (today, Avenida 16 de Septiembre), a mansion ( Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_language) : palacio ) of typical Spanish Colonial architecture (/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture) . With its growing success, the building was expanded and remodeled in 1898-9 in Parisian style ( Second Empire style (/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture_in_the_United_States_and_Canada) . It became the largest department store in the city, surpassing Ciudad de México , La Ciudad de París and Nuevo Mundo. [4] (#cite_note-gudg-4) The Parisian style in architecture was less appreciated by 1948, and the once-impressive palacio was demolished in order to expand Juárez Avenue. The store opened its doors again, now in a modern-style (/wiki/Modern_architecture) building, which was rebuilt again in the early 1980s after an extensive fire. The façade that existed at the end of 1990 is the same today, though the store is now a branch of Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool_(department_store)) , [1] (#cite_note-valerio-1) [4] (#cite_note-gudg-4) as in 2018-9 the owners El Puerto de Liverpool (/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Liverpool) group converted 37 of the 41 Fábricas de Francia stores to either Liverpool or Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) formats, and permanently closed four others. Stores [ edit ] Table of Fábricas de Francia stores (2018) converted to Liverpool Opened Closed Metro area or city Municipality/ Neighborhood State Mall Current name (Liverpool) Sq m (2022) Other Name (2016) 1999 Acapulco (/wiki/Acapulco) Gro. Galerías Acapulco Acapulco Galerías 10,852 Fábricas de Francia Acapulco 1986 Aguascalientes (/wiki/Aguascalientes_(city)) Ags. Altaria Ags. Altaria 6,094 Fábricas de Francia Aguascalientes 2000 Chihuahua (/wiki/Chihuahua_City) Chih. Chihuahua Fashion Mall 8,636 Fábricas de Francia Chihuahua 2002 Ciudad Obregón (/wiki/Ciudad_Obreg%C3%B3n) Son. Ciudad Obregón 6,447 Fábricas de Francia Ciudad Obregón 1997 Coatzacoalcos (/wiki/Coatzacoalcos) Tab. Coatzacoalcos 7,969 Fábricas de Francia Coatzacoalcos 2017 Comitán (/wiki/Comit%C3%A1n) Chis. Plaza Las Flores Comitan Comitán ? Fábricas de Francia Comitán 1997 Córdoba (/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Veracruz) Ver. Córdoba Crystal 6,922 Fábricas de Francia Córdoba 2015 Cuautla (/wiki/Cuautla,_Morelos) Mor. Cuautla 5,283 Fábricas de Francia Cuautla 1878/ 1899/ 1951 Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara_metropolitan_area) Jal. Guadalajara Centro 8,275 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Centro 1999 Guadalajara Jal. Gran Plaza 10,235 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Gran Plaza 1974 Guadalajara Jal. Plaza Patria 8,641 Fábricas de Francia Gdl. Plaza Patria 1969 2021 Guadalajara Zapopan (/wiki/Zapopan) Jal. Plaza del Sol Plaza del Sol (closed) 8,255 Fábricas de Francia Plaza del Sol 1963 Mazatlán Sin. c/ Juárez y Cenizares Mazatlán Centro ? Fábricas de Francia Mazatlán 2016 Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) Tecámac (/wiki/Tec%C3%A1mac) Méx. Tecámac Power Center Tecámac 5,366 Fábricas de Francia Mexico Tecamac 2002 Oaxaca (/wiki/Oaxaca) Oax. Oaxaca 10,034 Fábricas de Francia Oaxaca 2017 Oaxaca Oax. Plaza Bella Oaxaca Plaza Bella ? Fábricas de Francia Oaxaca Plaza Bella 1997 Poza Rica (/wiki/Poza_Rica) Ver. Poza Rica 5,567 Fábricas de Francia Poza Rica 1997 Puebla Pue. Puebla Crystal 6,186 Fábricas de Francia Puebla 2015 Salamanca (/wiki/Salamanca) Gto. Salamanca 5,721 Fábricas de Francia Salamanca 1999 Tapachula (/wiki/Tapachula) Chis. Tapachula 7,496 Fábricas de Francia Tapachula 1961 Tepic Nay. Tepic Centro 7,520 Fábricas de Francia Tepic 1997 Villahermosa Tab. Plaza Crystal Villahermosa Crystal 5,267 Fábricas de Francia Villahermosa 1997 Xalapa (/wiki/Xalapa) Ver. Plaza Américas Xalapa Plaza Américas 6,660 Fábricas de Francia Xalapa Source: Tiendas ("Stores"), Liverpool website (https://www.liverpool.com.mx/tienda/browse/storelocator) and p. 43, 2022 Annual Report (https://www.elpuertodeliverpool.mx/docs/informes-anuales/Informe-Anual-BMV-2022-VF.pdf) Table of Fábricas de Francia stores (2018) converted to Suburbia Year opened as FdF Metropolitan area Municipality or Neighborhood State Mall or address Converted to Area (2016, sqm) 2000 Ciudad Juárez (/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez) Chih. (/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)) Rio Grande Mall Suburbia Ciudad Juárez 6,768 2016 Los Mochis (/wiki/Los_Mochis) Sin. (/wiki/Sinaloa) Plaza Sendero Los Mochis Suburbia Los Mochis 8,873 1999 Mazatlán (/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n) Sin. Gran Plaza Mazatlán Suburbia Mazatlán 2014 Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) Tlalnepantla (/wiki/Tlalnepantla) Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) Centro Lago De Guadalupe Suburbia Lago de Guadalupe 5,087 2014 Mexico City Iztapalapa (/wiki/Iztapalapa) Mexico City Plaza Central Suburbia México Plaza Central 4,972 2017 Mexico City Colonia Buenavista (/wiki/Colonia_Buenavista) Mexico City Forum Buenavista (/wiki/Forum_Buenavista) Suburbia México Buenavista 2016 Mexico City Nicolás Romero (/wiki/Ciudad_Nicol%C3%A1s_Romero) Méx. (/wiki/State_of_Mexico) Town Center Vista Hermosa Suburbia México Nicolás Romero 4,905 2015 Mexico City Texcoco (/wiki/Texcoco,_State_of_Mexico) Méx. Puerta Texcoco Suburbia Texcoco Puerta 4,929 2017 Mexico City Valle de Chalco (/wiki/Valle_de_Chalco) Méx. Patio Valle de Chalco Suburbia Valle de Chalco 2015 Mexico City Zumpango (/wiki/Zumpango) Méx. Town Center Zumpango Suburbia Zumpango 4,810 2017 Saltillo (/wiki/Saltillo) Coah. (/wiki/Coahuila) Plaza Sendero Sur Suburbia Saltillo Sendero 5,071 2016 Tijuana (/wiki/Tijuana) La Presa Este (/wiki/La_Presa_Este,_Tijuana) B.C. (/wiki/Baja_California) Plaza Sendero Suburbia Tijuana 5,017 2017 Tlaxcala (/wiki/Tlaxcala) Apizaco (/wiki/Apizaco) Tlax. (/wiki/Tlaxcala) Plaza Apizaco Suburbia Apizaco 6,200 2017 Tonalá (/wiki/Tonal%C3%A1,_Jalisco) Jal. (/wiki/Jalisco) Plaza Lomas Suburbia Tonalá 2016 Uriangato (/wiki/Uriangato) Gto. (/wiki/Guanajuato) Galerías Metropolitana Suburbia Uriangato 4,770 Table of Fábricas de Francia stores (2018) permanently closed Year opened as FdF Metropolitan area Municipality or Neighborhood State Mall or address Area (2016, sqm) 1999 León (/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato) (Zona Norte) Gto. La Gran Plaza 10,880 2016 Tuxtepec (/wiki/Tuxtepec) Centro Oax. (/wiki/Oaxaca) Centro, Juárez 901 4,726 1999 Veracruz Boca del Río (/wiki/Boca_del_R%C3%ADo,_Veracruz) Ver. (/wiki/Veracruz) (Soriana-anchored center) 5,085 2015 Zona metropolitana del Valle de México Chimalhuacán (/wiki/Chimalhuac%C3%A1n) Méx. Plaza Chimalhuacán 5,027 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Valerio Ulloa, Sergio (4 August 2014). "El inicio y la inmigración". Las Fábricas de Francia : historia de un almacén comercial en Guadalajara [ Las Fábricas de Francia: history of a department store in Guadalajara ] (in Spanish). Universidad de Guadalajara. p. 13. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9786074503272 . Retrieved 14 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bertero, María (13 September 2018). "Fábricas de Francia: la 'piedra en el zapato' de Liverpool que sucumbió ante Suburbia" (https://www.modaes.com/empresa/fabricas-de-francia-la-piedra-en-el-zapato-de-liverpool-que-sucumbio-ante-suburbia) [Fábricas de Francia: the 'stone in the shoe' of Liverpool that succumbed to Suburbia]. ModaEs (in Spanish) . Retrieved 14 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Liverpool department store chain says adiós to the Fábricas de Francia brand" (https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/liverpool-says-adios-to-fabricas-de-francia/) . 13 September 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b Jauregui, Iván Serrano (1 February 2022). "Fábricas de Francia, histórico glamour tapatío" (http://www.gaceta.udg.mx/fabricas-de-francia-historico-glamour-tapatio/) . Gaceta UDG (in Spanish) . Retrieved 13 December 2023 . v t e Department and discount stores in Mexico Department stores Cimaco (/wiki/Cimaco) Coppel (/wiki/Coppel) Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool_(department_store)) El Nuevo Mundo (/wiki/El_Nuevo_Mundo) El Palacio de Hierro (/wiki/El_Palacio_de_Hierro) Sears (/wiki/Sears_Mexico) Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) Discount stores Waldo's (/wiki/Waldo%27s) Woolworth (/wiki/Woolworth_Mexicana) Hypermarkets Alsúper (Plus) Bodega Aurrerá (/wiki/Bodega_Aurrer%C3%A1) Casa Ley (/wiki/Casa_Ley) Chedraui (/wiki/Chedraui) /Super Che laComer (/wiki/Comercial_City_Fresko) H-E-B/Mi Tienda del Ahorro (/wiki/H-E-B) Soriana (/wiki/Soriana) Híper/Híper Plus/Mega/Mercado Walmart (/wiki/Walmart_de_M%C3%A9xico_y_Centroam%C3%A9rica) Speciality Elektra (/wiki/Grupo_Elektra) La Parisina (/wiki/La_Parisina) Defunct Dorian's (/wiki/Dorian%27s) Fábricas de Francia París-Londres (/wiki/Par%C3%ADs-Londres) Salinas y Rocha (/wiki/Salinas_y_Rocha) Viana (/wiki/Viana_(department_store)) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Mexico portal (/wiki/Portal:Mexico) Category: Department stores of Mexico (/wiki/Category:Department_stores_of_Mexico) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐kxmm9 Cached time: 20240716044837 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.479 seconds Real time usage: 0.560 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 458/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21256/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 138/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33658/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.264/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 18637068/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 477.314 1 -total 30.52% 145.695 1 Template:Reflist 24.97% 119.186 1 Template:Lang-en 23.37% 111.565 1 Template:Department_stores_in_Mexico 22.95% 109.549 1 Template:Navbox 21.88% 104.413 1 Template:Cite_book 19.54% 93.245 1 Template:Sort_under 3.26% 15.564 2 Template:Portal-inline 2.39% 11.424 2 Template:Cite_news 1.81% 8.631 1 Template:Category-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24881408-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716044837 and revision id 1230415849. 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Underwear company Munsingwear was a Minnesota-based underwear company from which Original Penguin (/wiki/Original_Penguin) developed. The company was established as Northwestern Knitting Company . [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) It also was known as PremiumWear . [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) History [ edit ] The company was started by George D. Munsing, who came to Minnesota from New York in 1886 to set up a textile factory, along with Frank H. Page and Edward O. Tuttle from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) . [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) Munsing had been superintendent of the Rochester Knitting Works and had experimented with knit fabrics and ribbing, developing a process to plate silk on wool, thus making woolen long underwear — essential in cold climates — "itchless": much more comfortable. Munsing came to Minnesota to set up his factory, which manufactured products for women and men, because it was in the coldest region of the U.S., and the market for warm underwear presumably was going to be the best there. [2] (#cite_note-amazon.com-2) Munsing also thought that the many Scandinavian immigrants in Minnesota would make it a suitable location. The mention of underwear was taboo in American society at the time. [3] (#cite_note-pendle-3) Patent attorney Amasa C. Paul served as Northwestern Knitting Company's president when it was incorporated on February 15, 1887, and Munsing was the vice president. [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) The Northwestern Knitting Company's ad for its products in the September 1897 issue of Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) was the first to display underwear on a live model. [4] (#cite_note-4) Munsing was a technologist, and the company received several patents, including those for a crocheting machine in 1891 and a union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) in the early 1890s. The union suit was the company's flagship product until the 1920s, [5] (#cite_note-5) when central heating (/wiki/Central_heating) made it less useful. [6] (#cite_note-6) It continued until 1969. [7] (#cite_note-7) The cream-colored garment became iconic and was featured in the company's advertising, with children and adults outfitted in them; underwear ads had never used live models before. [3] (#cite_note-pendle-3) In 1894, Munsing left the company. [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) In 1923, the company went public and changed its name to Munsingwear, Inc. [1] (#cite_note-muns-1) At the time, it was the largest manufacturer of underwear in the world. [8] (#cite_note-8) Its slogan was "Don't say underwear, say Munsingwear". [9] (#cite_note-9) At its peak it was producing 30,000 garments per day. [10] (#cite_note-10) Its knitting mill was the largest west of the Allegheny Mountains. [11] (#cite_note-11) The company expanded into women's underwear in the 1920s, and starting in 1931, offered Foundettes, which used an elasticized yarn to produce a combination foundation garment that combined a brassiere and a girdle. [12] (#cite_note-12) Munsingwear was the largest employer of women in the state of Minnesota; at one point, 85% of its 3,000 employees were women. [13] (#cite_note-13) By the 1920s, in part trying to avoid unionization (/wiki/Unionization) , Munsingwear offered many benefits (/wiki/Employee_benefit) , some quite progressive for the time. It had a health clinic staffed by a full-time nurse, with regular visits from general practitioners, otolaryngologists (because of air quality problems), dental assistants, and dentists. All of this care was free. [14] (#cite_note-14) Munsingwear also offered access to health insurance; a branch of the Minneapolis Public Library (/wiki/Minneapolis_Public_Library) , which circulated 7,500 books a year; a large, fully staffed kitchen, which provided lunches to the entire work force (in shifts); [15] (#cite_note-15) an orchestra, which performed during Thursday lunch breaks; an on-site gymnasium; sports teams; [16] (#cite_note-16) and other benefits. [2] (#cite_note-amazon.com-2) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Its flagship product of recent years, patented in 1943, [19] (#cite_note-19) was the "Kangaroo brief (/wiki/Briefs) ", featuring a horizontal fly (/wiki/Fly_(clothing)) and a contoured pouch, as seen in an advertisement showing all its styles of men's underwear available in 1969. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 1951, the company merged with the Vassar Swiss Underwear Company, which became the Vassar division of Munsingwear. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 1955, the company began producing its Grand Slam golf shirt, with a Penguin logo. In the 1960s and 1970s, these were the best-selling golf shirts in the world. Munsingwear also added a line of women's golf, bowling, and fashion shirts. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 1991, the company filed for Chapter 11 reorganization. In 1996, it changed its name to PremiumWear and focused on specialty markets. PremiumWear was in turn bought by the Canadian clothesmaker John Forsyth (/wiki/John_Forsyth_(clothier)) , which sought bankruptcy protection in 2013. The Munsingwear and Original Penguin brands are currently owned by Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) . [23] (#cite_note-23) United States v. Munsingwear [ edit ] Following World War II, the United States sued Munsingwear for alleged violations of a price-fixing regulation, seeking, in separate counts, an injunction and treble damages. [24] (#cite_note-24) While the case was being held on appeal, the commodity involved was decontrolled and the case was rendered moot. The Supreme Court vacated (/wiki/Vacated_judgment) the lower court's ruling, sent the case back to the lower court, and had them render the case moot. This practice has commonly become known as a Munsingwear vacatur. [25] (#cite_note-25) Vassar Swiss Underwear Company [ edit ] Vassar Swiss Underwear Company began operations in 1900 and was purchased by Northwestern Knitting Company in 1912. [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) The founders were George E. Rutledge, Emil A. Basener, and Frederick S. McCoy. The company started in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , but soon moved operations to Rochelle, Illinois (/wiki/Rochelle,_Illinois) . Shortly after the sale, Northwestern decided to ramp up production and moved Vassar Swiss back to Chicago, building a new plant, named the Vassar Swiss Underwear Company Building (/wiki/Vassar_Swiss_Underwear_Company_Building) . [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) Construction was completed in April of the following year. [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) Vassar Swiss prospered in its new location. Rutledge, now a vice president at parent company Northwestern, joined with other company designers to improve his original union suit design. [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) In 1923, the company constructed an addition on the western portion of their building, by the same architect, to house their box factory and shipping. Over the next four decades, the company shifted focus and products. Union suits became less popular, and briefs (/wiki/Briefs) soon became the company's leading product. Vassar Swiss purchased the building from Stewart after having leased it since construction. [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) Rutledge retired in 1937. The company shortened its name to "Vassar Company" and, in 1951, " Vassarette (/wiki/Vassarette) ." [27] (#cite_note-vassar-27) In 1967, production operations were moved from Chicago to Paris, Texas (/wiki/Paris,_Texas) , [26] (#cite_note-lm-26) and as of 2010, the Vassarette name is owned by Vanity Fair Brands and produces women's underwear. [27] (#cite_note-vassar-27) Archival material [ edit ] The Minnesota Historical Society has a collection of over 3,500 pieces of Munsingwear, donated by the company when it shut down its factory in North Minneapolis, together with company papers, photos, salesman's samples, and premiums. [28] (#cite_note-28) See also [ edit ] Northwestern Knitting Company Factory building (/wiki/Northwestern_Knitting_Company_Factory_building) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f International Directory of Company Histories . Vol. 30. St. James Press. 2000. ^ Jump up to: a b Berry, Henry (May 19, 2011). "Review of Susan Marks, (https://www.amazon.com/Mood-Munsingwear-Minnesotas-Claim-Underwear/dp/0873518225) In the Mood for Munsingwear: Minnesota's Claim to Underwear Fame " (https://www.amazon.com/Mood-Munsingwear-Minnesotas-Claim-Underwear/dp/0873518225) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pendle, George (March 7, 2016). "The 'Itchless' Innovation that Made Minneapolis the Capital of Underwear" (http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-itchless-innovation-that-made-minneapolis-the-capital-of-underwear) . AtlasObscura . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Reproduced in Marks, Susan (2011). In the Mood for Munsingwear: Minnesota's Claim to Underwear Fame . Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 5. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0873518225 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Munsing Wear: An American Classic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180326203858/http://www.dollhousebettie.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&Itemid=0&lang=en&show=256) . Archived from the original (http://www.dollhousebettie.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&Itemid=0&lang=en&show=256) on March 26, 2018 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 73. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Danson, Barb (September 2011). "Munsingwear: A Brief History" (http://www.qwsconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/TT-Sept-2011-Munsingwear.pdf) (PDF) . Tonka Times . p. 37 . Retrieved September 16, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 26. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Swanson, Evadene Burris (Winter 1987). "Don't Say 'Underwear,' Say 'Munsingwear". Hennepin County History . pp. 3–19. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Danson (2011) (#CITEREFDanson2011) , p. 35. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 23. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , pp. 57–59, 73–81. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Boyd, Sara (March 7, 2011). "Curiocity: 'Underwear: A Brief History' To Be Unveiled In May" (http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2011/03/07/curiocity-underwear-a-brief-history/) . CBS Minnesota . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 39. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 40. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Goetz, Katherine R. "Munsingwear" (http://www.mnopedia.org/group/munsingwear) . MNopedia . Minnesota Historical Society . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , pp. 39–43, 48. ^ (#cite_ref-19) US patent 4173976 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=6&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=munsingwear&OS=munsingwear&RS=munsingwear) , Bloomquist, Lynn M. H. & Brazil, Robert J., "Pouch design brief", published November 13, 1979, assigned to Munsingwear, Inc. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Ermatinger's" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19690224&id=e2JSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=w3sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4178,3152522&hl=en) . St. Petersburg Times (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times) (Advertisement). February 24, 1969. p. 3B – via Google News. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Landmark Designation Report, Vassar Swiss Underwear Building (PDF) . City of Chicago. 2008 . Retrieved October 4, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. 99. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Danson (2011) (#CITEREFDanson2011) , p. 37. ^ (#cite_ref-24) United States v. Munsingwear, Inc. (/wiki/United_States_v._Munsingwear,_Inc.) , 340 U.S. 36 (https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/340/36/) (1950). ^ (#cite_ref-25) Millett, Pattie (June 10, 2008). "Practice Pointer: Mootness and Munsingwear Vacatur" (https://www.scotusblog.com/2008/06/practice-pointer-mootness-and-munsingwear-vacatur/) . SCOTUSBlog . Retrieved February 28, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Landmark Designation Report: Vassar Swiss Underwear Company Building" (http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/zlup/Historic_Preservation/Publications/Vassar_Swiss_Underwear_Co_Bldg.pdf) (PDF) . City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development. February 7, 2008 . Retrieved August 13, 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Vassarette Story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100831064748/http://www.vassarette.com/pages/our_story.html) . Vanity Fair Brands. Archived from the original (http://www.vassarette.com/pages/our_story.html) on August 31, 2010 . Retrieved August 19, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Marks (2011) (#CITEREFMarks2011) , p. x. Further reading [ edit ] Anderson, Marcia G. (Winter 1986). "Munsingwear: An Underwear for America" (http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/50/v50i04p152-161.pdf) (PDF) . Minnesota History . pp. 152–161 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . "Betting on the Bang Theory". Corporate Report Minnesota . December 1979. p. 65. Beulke, Diane (October 21, 1987). "Heads Roll As Munsingwear Tries for Another Comeback". Minneapolis/St. Paul CityBusiness . pp. 1, 27. Feyder, Susan (January 9, 1998). "PremiumWear New Golf Shirt Won't Include the Penguin". Star Tribune . Minneapolis. p. 1D. Hillbery, Rhonda (November 25, 1991). "A Better Kind of Bankruptcy". Minneapolis/St. Paul CityBusiness . pp. 11, 18. Johnson, Ken (February 1975). "The Munsingwear Fit". Corporate Report Minnesota . pp. 29–30. Merrill, Ann (September 17–23, 1990). "Campbell Tailors a New Munsingwear". Minneapolis/St. Paul CityBusiness . pp. 1, 22. "Munsingwear a Supreme Buy: Miami-Based Company Has Big Plans for Branded Golf Labels". Daily News Record . May 24, 1996. p. 1. "Munsingwear Falls Deeper into Red". Daily News Record . April 9, 1996. p. 9. "Munsingwear Reduces Loss in 4th Quarter to $298,000". Daily News Record . March 13, 1995. p. 2. "Munsingwear: Scoring on Comeback Course". Daily News Record . May 11, 1992. p. 10. "Munsingwear Selling Marks for China, Vietnam, Macao". Daily News Record . July 2, 1996. p. 10. "Munsingwear Sews Up Deal to Supply Sears with Shirts". Minneapolis/St. Paul CityBusiness . January 6–12, 1992. pp. 1, 15. "Munsingwear Shows $1.2 Million Profit in Year". Daily News Record . February 19, 1993. p. 2. Peterson, Susan E. (July 16, 1993). "Campbell Will Leave Munsingwear to Become CEO of Crystal Brands, a Larger Competitor". Star Tribune . Minneapolis. p. 1D. "PremiumWear Has Strong Quarter". Daily News Record . March 2, 1998. p. 11. "PremiumWear, Inc". Corporate Report Fact Book . 1999. p. 377. "PremiumWear Names James Murphy General Manager of Golf Division" (Press release). PremiumWear. July 28, 1999 – via PR Newswire. "PremiumWear Net Skyrockets in 4th Quarter, Year". Daily News Record . April 9, 1999. p. 12. "PremiumWear to Close N.C. Plant". Star Tribune . Minneapolis. April 27, 1999. p. 3D. Souder, William (August 1981). "Munsingwear on the Mend". Corporate Report Minnesota . pp. 47–51, 134–140. Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (February 25, 1985). "The Minnow and the Basses". Forbes . p. 75. Tracy, Eleanor Johnson (September 3, 1984). "Stodgy Munsingwear Changes Its Underwear". Fortune . p. 67. Youngblood, Dick (January 26, 1998). "Smaller Is Better". Star Tribune . Minneapolis. p. 1D. 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Australian-British fashion designer Tamara Ralph [[File: (/wiki/File:Tamara_Ralph_2014_image.jpg) {{{caption}}} \|650px\|alt= (/wiki/File:Tamara_Ralph_2014_image.jpg) {{{caption}}} ]] Born Tamara Miguel Ralph ( 1981-11-29 ) 29 November 1981 (age 42) Sydney, Australia Education Caringbah High School (/wiki/Caringbah_High_School) Whitehouse Institute of Design (/wiki/Whitehouse_Institute_of_Design) Occupation Creative Director & Co-founder Employer Tamara Ralph Website tamararalph (https://tamararalph.com) .com (https://tamararalph.com) Tamara Ralph (born 29 November 1981) is an Australian fashion designer who is the former Creative Director and co-founder of Ralph & Russo (/wiki/Ralph_%26_Russo) . [1] (#cite_note-aw-1) She is the founder of her eponymous label, Tamara Ralph. Early life and education [ edit ] Ralph was born on 29 November 1981 in the Sutherland Shire (/wiki/Sutherland_Shire) [2] (#cite_note-2) and is the fourth generation in her family to work in couture and fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [3] (#cite_note-3) After graduating from the Whitehouse Institute of Design (/wiki/Whitehouse_Institute_of_Design) in Melbourne, Australia, Ralph moved to London (/wiki/London) in hopes of breaking into the fashion industry. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] In 2010, she founded a fashion house, Ralph & Russo with Michael Russo in Mayfair, London (/wiki/Mayfair) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The fashion house focused on the city's rich history of couture fashion houses. [6] (#cite_note-6) As a creative director, Ralph has designed high end clothing and accessories for celebrities including, Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , [8] (#cite_note-8) Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , [9] (#cite_note-9) Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) , Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) , Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , [10] (#cite_note-10) and others. [11] (#cite_note-11) Ralph also designed the bespoke interior of Ralph & Russo boutiques. [12] (#cite_note-12) Ralph collaborated with several other labels including Audemars Piguet (/wiki/Audemars_Piguet) , [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Disney (/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Linda Farrow, [16] (#cite_note-16) and others on different occasions. She has also designed Meghan Markle (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) ’s engagement dress for her marriage to Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) . [17] (#cite_note-17) She became the first female Creative Director from the UK in nearly 100 years deemed eligible to show during Paris Haute Couture week. [18] (#cite_note-18) She has been recognised by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%E2%80%99s_Bazaar) for her achievements, together with her inclusion into fashion publications such as Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) magazine's 40 under 40 (/wiki/40_under_40_(Fortune_Magazine)) list, the BOF 500 [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) and in 2016 was awarded the "Outstanding Achievement Award" at the Walpole British Luxury Awards. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) She often appears at charity events and helped with 2019–20 Australian bushfire (/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Australian_bushfire_season) charity event [25] (#cite_note-Vogue_India-25) and ‘To India, With Love’. [25] (#cite_note-Vogue_India-25) In 2023, Ralph founded her eponymous luxury fashion brand, Tamara Ralph Couture. The inaugural collection was showcased at the AW23-24 Paris Haute Couture Week. [26] (#cite_note-hb-26) Personal life [ edit ] Ralph was previously in a relationship with her business partner Michael Russo. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Since 2020, Ralph has been in a relationship with British-Indian businessman Bhanu Choudhrie (/wiki/Bhanu_Choudhrie) . They have one child together, who was born in 2021. [29] (#cite_note-29) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-aw_1-0) "Ralph & Russo rescue in doubt as Tamara Ralph leaves" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Ralph-russo-rescue-in-doubt-as-tamara-ralph-leaves,1305169.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kolimar, Eva (18 May 2018). "Royal wedding: Sutherland's Tamara Ralph of Ralph & Russo top pick to dress Meghan Markle" (https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/5410424/sutherland-designer-in-the-mix-for-royal-wedding-dress/) . Illawarra Mercury (/wiki/Illawarra_Mercury) . Retrieved 3 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Pieces of Me: Tamara Ralph of Ralph & Russo on Home Comforts and Spiritual Healing" (https://en.vogue.me/culture/pieces-of-me-tamara-ralph-russo/) . Vogue Arabia . 18 May 2020 . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hougaz, Laura (2019). Entrepreneurs Creating Educational Innovation: Case Studies From Australia . Springer Nature (/wiki/Springer_Nature) . p. 115 . Retrieved 3 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jackson, Laura (8 December 2008). "Ralph & Russo" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/ralph-russo) . Drapers . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mair, Avril (12 March 2018). "Fantasy made real: Bazaar meets Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a14479249/ralph-and-russo-interview/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Overman, Melissa (28 November 2014). "Aussie designer Tamara Ralph is taking the fashion world by storm" (https://www.news.com.au/finance/executive-lounge/aussie-designer-tamara-ralph-is-taking-the-fashion-world-by-storm/news-story/fca2e2db8a9138d683294218ca94179d) . news.com.au . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rihanna Shines Bright at the Diamond Ball" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-diamond-ball-ralph-and-russo-couture) . Vogue . 15 September 2017 . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Newbold, Alice. "Angelina Jolie Shines In Ralph & Russo's Opulent Couture At London's Maleficent Premiere" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/angelina-jolie-ralph-and-russo-maleficent-london/amp) . British Vogue . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Alex, Ella (15 August 2017). "Why you should be excited about Ralph & Russo's debut ready-to-wear collection" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a43263/ralph-russo-ready-to-wear-collection/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Angelina Jolie, Aishwarya Rai to Priyanka Chopra: Celebs who SIZZLED in Designer of the week: Ralph and Russo \| PINKVILLA" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/best-dressed/angelina-jolie-aishwarya-rai-priyanka-chopra-celebs-who-sizzled-designer-week-ralph-and-russo-867828?amp) . www.pinkvilla.com . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Ralph & Russo opens new store in Monaco, Monte Carlo" (https://cpp-luxury.com/ralph-russo-opens-new-store-in-monaco-monte-carlo/) . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Audemars Piguet X Ralph & Russo: A Luxury Dream Team" (https://www.abouther.com/node/32056/fashion/accessories/audemars-piguet-x-ralph-russo-luxury-dream-team) . About Her . 4 September 2020 . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Love for craftsmanship underscores Audemars Piguet and Ralph & Russo's new collab, with watch finishes that mimic embroidery and designs for smaller wrists" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/on-audemars-piguet-and-ralph-russos-new-collab/article33139974.ece/) . The Hindu . 20 March 2022 . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) McDermott, Kerry. "Ralph & Russo Spent Almost 700 Hours Creating A Custom Gown For Maleficent" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/ralph-and-russo-custom-gown-maleficent-angelina-jolie/amp) . British Vogue . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (16 February 2021). "Ralph and Russo adds sunglasses with Linda Farrow" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/ralph-and-russo-adds-sunglasses-with-linda-farrow/2021021653606?amp=1) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Everything to Know About Ralph & Russo, Meghan Markle's Reported Wedding Dress Designer \| Entertainment Tonight" (https://www.etonline.com/everything-to-know-about-ralph-russo-meghan-markles-reported-wedding-dress-designer-102140) . www.etonline.com . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "UK’s first Paris fashion coup for a century" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203064950/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/People/article1347068.ece) The Sunday Times , Retrieved 2 December 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "British Couture Comes to Harrods" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/ralph-and-russo-harrods-boutique-superbrands-space) , Vogue UK, Retrieved 25 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Midas Touch: Bazaar Meets Ralph & Russo" (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a37569/midas-touch-bazaar-meets-ralph-and-russo/) , Harper’s Bazaar, Retrieved 25 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "40 Under 40 2013" (http://fortune.com/40-under-40/2013/) , Fortune, Retrieved 25 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "#BOF500 2016: Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/tamara-ralph-and-michael-russo) , Business of Fashion, Retrieved 25 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Fantasy made real: Bazaar meets Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a14479249/ralph-and-russo-interview/) , Harpers Bazaar, Retrieved 19 January 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Michael Russo Lays Out Ralph & Russo’s Big Brand Ambitions" (http://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/michael-russo-lays-out-brands-big-ambitions-10987042/) , WWD, Retrieved 19 January 2018 ^ Jump up to: a b Kamath, Akanksha. "Vogue India and the Natasha and Adar Poonawalla Foundation present 'To India, With Love' (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/vogue-india-and-the-natasha-and-adar-poonawalla-foundation-present-to-india-with-love/amp) " (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/vogue-india-and-the-natasha-and-adar-poonawalla-foundation-present-to-india-with-love/amp) . Vogue India . Retrieved 20 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-hb_26-0) Slater, Sasha (15 September 2023). "Meghan Markle's engagement dress designer, Tamara Ralph, on the launch of her new label" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a45139810/tamara-ralph-interview/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 10 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Paton, Elizabeth (25 February 2021). "When the Romance Ends, but the Brand Goes On" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/25/fashion/when-the-romance-ends-but-the-brand-goes-on.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "For Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo, the show must go on: Amid redesigned relationship, the brand stays strong" (https://www.firstpost.com/fashion-trends/for-tamara-ralph-and-michael-russo-the-show-must-go-on-amid-redesigned-relationship-the-brand-stays-strong-9352611.html) . Firstpost (/wiki/Firstpost) . 1 March 2021 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Paton, Elizabeth (25 February 2021). "When the Romance Ends, but the Brand Goes On" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/25/fashion/when-the-romance-ends-but-the-brand-goes-on.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 3 March 2022 . 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For more information, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) . Administrators: Please do not delete this category as empty! This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) A (/wiki/Category:A-Class_fashion_articles) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) B (/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) C (/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) List (/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) Portal Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 27 0 96 452 1,359 4,786 2,497 2 125 1,295 18 149 75 2 31 124 518 591 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐76zfz Cached time: 20240720000630 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.170 seconds Real time usage: 0.239 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2584/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22199/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5183/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39968/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1535744/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 217.525 1 -total 79.44% 172.812 1 Template:Cat_class 48.24% 104.930 27 Template:Category_class/column 29.58% 64.335 55 Template:Cat_in_use 23.44% 50.992 4 Template:Category_other 19.63% 42.699 18 Template:Class 16.04% 34.888 1 Template:Possibly_empty_category 14.42% 31.357 1 Template:Cmbox 13.49% 29.336 1 Template:Cat_more 12.09% 26.289 1 Template:Hatnote Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21447189-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720000630 and revision id 948071586. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Portal-Class fashion articles" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Portal talk:Clothing (/wiki/Portal_talk:Clothing) F Portal talk:Fashion (/wiki/Portal_talk:Fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=948071586 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=948071586) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion articles by quality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_quality) Portal-Class articles (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_articles) Hidden categories: Template Category class with class parameter matching title (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_class_with_class_parameter_matching_title) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
American fashion week in Miami, Florida Miami Swim Week is an annual fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in Miami Beach, Florida (/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida) , United States (/wiki/United_States) . Focus on swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) and beachwear (/wiki/Beachwear) , it takes place every year during the summer, usually in the middle of July. It started as brands producing their own fashion shows in various hotels and venues around Miami Beach, but since 2018, while a lot of events are still happening around the city, the shows have regroup in two main events : Paraiso Miami Beach (/w/index.php?title=Paraiso_Miami_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1) at Paraiso Tent, that hosted 13 runway shows over 3 days in 2019. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Miami Swim Week at Faena Forum (/wiki/Alan_Faena) , produced by Art Hearts Fashion (/w/index.php?title=Art_Hearts_Fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) , that hosted 35 shows over 6 days in 2019. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Paraiso is an "industry only" event with limited capacity while the shows at the Faena Forum are open to public and saw over 10,000 each year. In 2020 due to coronavirus, most events have been cancelled, while Paraiso will have an online "e-Paraiso" presentation set for August 20-22. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "OFFICIAL MIAMI SWIM WEEK SCHEDULE (2020 Miami Swim Week)" (https://fashionweekonline.com/miami/schedule) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved 2020-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FWO (2019-08-09). "Miami Swim Week Powered by Art Hearts Fashion: 6 Days of Sexy Fashion Shows, Galas, Parties plus a Closing Event at Saks" (https://fashionweekonline.com/miami-swim-week-powered-by-art-hearts-fashion-6-days-of-sexy-fashion-shows-galas-parties-plus-a-closing-event-at-saks) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved 2020-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "PARAISO MIAMI BEACH LAUNCHES DIGITAL SWIM WEEK AND TRADE SHOW PLATFORM" (https://www.wrcbtv.com/story/42197709/paraiso-miami-beach-launches-digital-swim-week-and-trade-show-platform) . www.wrcbtv.com . Retrieved 2020-06-28 . External links [ edit ] Miami Fashion Week Official website (http://www.miamifashionweek.com) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Swim_Week&action=edit) . v t e This article related to Miami (/wiki/Miami) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Swim_Week&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rlfq9 Cached time: 20240719062928 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.239 seconds Real time usage: 0.305 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 415/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11722/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 528/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20263/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3899730/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 285.703 1 -total 41.22% 117.771 1 Template:Reflist 34.71% 99.180 3 Template:Cite_web 30.63% 87.520 1 Template:Fashion-stub 30.57% 87.340 2 Template:Asbox 25.71% 73.446 1 Template:Short_description 15.57% 44.481 2 Template:Pagetype 5.28% 15.087 3 Template:Main_other 4.43% 12.660 1 Template:SDcat 1.29% 3.695 1 Template:Miami-stub Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64401483-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719062928 and revision id 1219130157. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Swim_Week&oldid=1219130157 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Swim_Week&oldid=1219130157) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Annual events in Florida (/wiki/Category:Annual_events_in_Florida) Events in Miami (/wiki/Category:Events_in_Miami) Recurring events established in 1998 (/wiki/Category:Recurring_events_established_in_1998) 1998 establishments in Florida (/wiki/Category:1998_establishments_in_Florida) Fashion weeks in the United States (/wiki/Category:Fashion_weeks_in_the_United_States) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Miami stubs (/wiki/Category:Miami_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐55srn Cached time: 20240720055854 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42773343-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720055854 and revision id 1224811552. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Nigerian cosmetics businesspeople" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Eva Alordiah (/wiki/Eva_Alordiah) B Aisha Buhari (/wiki/Aisha_Buhari) C Ifeanyi Chijindu (/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chijindu) F Tara Fela-Durotoye (/wiki/Tara_Fela-Durotoye) M Lola Maja (/wiki/Lola_Maja) Toke Makinwa (/wiki/Toke_Makinwa) Banke Meshida Lawal (/wiki/Banke_Meshida_Lawal) Muma Gee (/wiki/Muma_Gee) T Chioma Toplis (/wiki/Chioma_Toplis) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nigerian_cosmetics_businesspeople&oldid=1224811552 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nigerian_cosmetics_businesspeople&oldid=1224811552) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Nigerian fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_fashion_businesspeople) Cosmetics businesspeople by nationality (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople_by_nationality)
Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) , in 2020 The broadcasting career of American figure skater Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) began in October 2013, after he retired from figure skating (/wiki/Figure_skating) competition and joined NBC (/wiki/NBC) as a figure skating analyst at the 2014 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) in Sochi, Russia (/wiki/Sochi,_Russia) . He is a two-time Olympian ( 2006 (/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics) and 2010 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics) ), the 2008 World bronze medalist (/wiki/2008_World_Figure_Skating_Championships) , a two-time Grand Prix Final (/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final) bronze medalist, the 2001 World Junior Champion (/wiki/2001_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships) , and a three-time U.S. National champion (/wiki/United_States_Figure_Skating_Championships) (2004–2006). Weir was teamed up with sports commentator Terry Gannon (/wiki/Terry_Gannon) and fellow figure skater, Olympic gold medalist, and good friend Tara Lipinski (/wiki/Tara_Lipinski) ; their instant comedic chemistry and harmony was a success and they have worked together ever since.They hosted the closing ceremonies (/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony) in Pyeongchang (/wiki/Pyeongchang_County) , as well as for the 2020 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics) and for the 2022 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) . They also commentated for the 2018 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics) , as well as for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Weir's commentating style was met with fixed responses from figure skating fans and skaters. Weir named fellow figure skater and commentator Dick Button (/wiki/Dick_Button) as an influence on his commentating style Weir and Lipinski were fashion analysts and correspondents for the Oscars (/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards) , dog shows, the Kentucky Derby (/wiki/Kentucky_Derby) , the Super Bowl (/wiki/Super_Bowl) , and the 2016 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics) . Weir and Lipinski appeared on reality shows together and separately. He also appeared as a contestant on Dancing with the Stars in 2020. Broadcasting career [ edit ] Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) began his broadcasting career In October 2013, after he retired from figure skating competition and joined NBC (/wiki/NBC) as a figure skating analyst at the 2014 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) in Sochi, Russia (/wiki/Sochi,_Russia) . [1] (#cite_note-1) NBC teamed Weir up with sports commentator Terry Gannon (/wiki/Terry_Gannon) and fellow figure skater, Olympic gold medalist, and good friend Tara Lipinski (/wiki/Tara_Lipinski) , as the network's second team of figure skating commentators for their daily live broadcasts. [2] (#cite_note-chicagotribune-2) [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) Weir worked with Gannon during the men's events, and Lipinski worked with Gannon during the women's events. [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) After realizing they worked well together and after recognizing their "instant chemistry", [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) they pitched the idea of the three working together to NBC; Lipinski stated that it "was sort of meant to be". [5] (#cite_note-5) According to sports writer Tom Weir, Weir, Lipinski, and Gannon "had instant comedic harmony, with their casual chatter and humorous asides playing amazingly well against the staunch and exacting backdrop of figure skating". [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) Tom Weir also reported that the trio had generated the 10 best weekday daytime audiences in NBC's history. [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) Weir's good friend and fellow commentator Tara Lipinski, 2014 In Sochi, Weir chose not to support calls for boycotting the Olympics in protest of Russia's anti-gay laws, and was criticized by both anti-gay and LGBTQ activists for his position. [6] (#cite_note-6) He appeared in the 2014 EPIX (/wiki/Epix) documentary To Russia with Love (/wiki/To_Russia_with_Love_(film)) , which was about gay athletes in Russia and the U.S. The film, produced by Robert Redford (/wiki/Robert_Redford) and Sundance Productions, was filmed secretly during the Sochi Olympics and was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award (/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award_for_Outstanding_Documentary) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Weir later told USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) that his period commentating in Sochi was a "horrible time" of his life; he was going through "a really nasty divorce" [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) from his husband Victor Voronov, with Voronov submitting a defamation suit against Weir and much of their disputes being reported in the New York tabloids and TMZ (/wiki/TMZ) . Weir depended on Lipinski for support in Sochi, which helped them bond. [9] (#cite_note-9) He said that she "helped push me through work. Somehow, at the same time my life was falling apart, we were crushing it at work, and we were winning hearts across America". [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) Weir, Lipinski, and Gannon were promoted to NBC's primary figure skating commentators, replacing Scott Hamilton, Sandra Bezic (/wiki/Sandra_Bezic) , and Tom Hammond (/wiki/Tom_Hammond) . [2] (#cite_note-chicagotribune-2) [10] (#cite_note-scotthamilton-10) Weir, along with Lipinski and Gannon, was an analyst at the 2018 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics) . [11] (#cite_note-kidding-11) Lipinski, Weir, and Gannon hosted the closing ceremonies (/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony) in Pyeongchang (/wiki/Pyeongchang_County) , as well as for the 2020 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics) and for the 2022 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) . [12] (#cite_note-tikroot2-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) They covered the 2022 Winter Olympics, this time remotely from the NBC studies in Stamford, Connecticut (/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut) , where they had covered events for many years, due to the rise of COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) cases internationally and China's strict COVID-19 protocols, which NBC stated made it "too challenging" to send broadcast teams to Beijing in person. [14] (#cite_note-14) Both Weir and Lipinski told GQ (/wiki/GQ) that they would bring dozens of suitcases to the competitions they announced, and would do their best to wear matching clothes and never the same outfit twice. By the 2018 Olympics, they brought every item of clothing they owned and would "sort it out" at the event. They also reported that they assisted Gannon with his on-air fashion choices. [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) Weir and Lipinski were hired by NBC's Access Hollywood (/wiki/Access_Hollywood) in 2014, to analyze fashion during the red carpet at the Oscars (/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards) . [15] (#cite_note-15) He served as a correspondent, with Lipinski, at the Beverly Hills Dog Show in 2017 [16] (#cite_note-16) and at the National Dog Show (/wiki/National_Dog_Show) in 2015–2019. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-dogshow-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) (In 2016, Weir owned a Japanese Chin (/wiki/Japanese_Chin) named Tema.) [18] (#cite_note-dogshow-18) Weir and Lipinski worked the Kentucky Derby (/wiki/Kentucky_Derby) in 2014–2018 (as "fashion and lifestyle experts" [22] (#cite_note-kentuckyderby-22) in 2016 and focusing on "lifestyle and celebrity content" [23] (#cite_note-23) in 2018). and were event reporters for the Super Bowl (/wiki/Super_Bowl) pre-game show in 2015 and 2017. [24] (#cite_note-pressbox-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) They were named "culture correspondents" [26] (#cite_note-26) for the 2016 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics) . [22] (#cite_note-kentuckyderby-22) Weir, a self-professed fan of the Eurovision Song Contest (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest) , which he said had inspired him as a figure skater and that he had used its music in his programs, hosted and commentated the 2022 Eurovision (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022) semi-finals and finals for the streaming service Peacock (/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)) in the U.S. [27] (#cite_note-27) He is set to do the same for the 2023 contest (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023) . [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2018, the Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) reported that viewers' responses to Lipinski and Weir were mixed; some considered them "Olympic darlings–a one-stop shop for knowledge, sass and brass", while others found them "mean, obnoxious, and distracting". [12] (#cite_note-tikroot2-12) Scott Hamilton (/wiki/Scott_Hamilton_(figure_skater)) , who was replaced at NBC by Weir, Lipinski, and Gannon, called them a "phenomenon" and "such a breath of fresh air". [10] (#cite_note-scotthamilton-10) GQ called their commentating style "a Gladwell-ian (/wiki/Malcolm_Gladwell) ability to demystify figure skating for the uninitiated and an extreme candor for which they've caught some heat". [3] (#cite_note-GQclayskipper-3) They tried to present figure skating in an accessible way to their viewers, keeping the more technical aspects of the sport to a minimum but emphasizing its "gossipy nuances". [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) When they were criticized at the 2018 Olympics for being overly harsh, Weir responded, "I'm a commentator, not a ‘complimentator'", and added, "I would never be able to do my job without telling the truth about every aspect of figure skating and the performances you'll see". [29] (#cite_note-29) Both Weir and Lipinski had "the good sense to stay silent when a skater is on an elegant and error-free roll" and Weir had "a gift for creating strong mental images with concise statements" while calling figure skating competitions. [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) Weir cited Olympic champion and long-time analyst Dick Button (/wiki/Dick_Button) as an influence in his own broadcasting style, especially Button's brutal honesty. Button told Olympic reporters, when asked what he thought about Weir's commentating style, that he thought that Weir was "very bright" and did not "overstep his bounds". [4] (#cite_note-tomweir-4) Sports writer Bill Goodykoontz calls Weir and Lipinkski's enthusiasm for figure skating their "calling card". [30] (#cite_note-goodykoontz-30) Although Goodykoontz states that Lipinski and Weir "never stop talking", [31] (#cite_note-goodykoontz2-31) they were uncharacteristically quiet while calling the short program of Kamila Valieva (/wiki/Kamila_Valieva) from the Russian Olympic Committee, who was allowed to compete despite failing a drug test prior to the 2022 Olympics. They chose to simply announce Valieva's jumps and to express their opinions that she should not have been allowed to compete afterwards. [31] (#cite_note-goodykoontz2-31) Weir later said it was "the hardest event I’ve ever had to cover". [31] (#cite_note-goodykoontz2-31) Other televised works [ edit ] In 2018 and 2019, Weir and Lipinski hosted and appeared in a few shows on Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) , including two seasons of Wedding Cake Challenge . In 2019, he and his brother Brian "Boz" Weir competed for charity on the Fox network (/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company) reality show MasterChef . [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Also in 2019, Weir competed in the second season (/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_(American_TV_series)_season_2) of The Masked Singer (/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_(American_TV_series)) as "Egg". He was eliminated in the first week. [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2022 and 2023, he served as the U.S. commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest) , which was broadcast on Peacock (/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)) in the U.S. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) In 2023, Weir and Lipinski appeared on the reboot version of Night Court , playing scripted versions of themselves and their friendship. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Dancing with the Stars [ edit ] Main article: Dancing with the Stars (American season 29) (/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_29)) Weir was a contestant on Dancing with the Stars (/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(U.S._TV_series)) for the 29th season (/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_29)) , which premiered on September 14, 2020. His partner was first-time pro dancer Britt Stewart (/wiki/Britt_Stewart) , the first Black female pro dancer on the show. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) They made it to the semi-finals and were the tenth couple to be eliminated. [41] (#cite_note-41) Johnny Weir - Dancing with the Stars (season 29) Week Dance Music Judges' scores [a] (#cite_note-42) Total score Result 1 Cha-cha-cha (/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)) " Buttons (/wiki/Buttons_(The_Pussycat_Dolls_song)) " — The Pussycat Dolls (/wiki/The_Pussycat_Dolls) 6 6 6 18 Safe 2 Tango (/wiki/Tango) " Poker Face (/wiki/Poker_Face_(Lady_Gaga_song)) " — Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) 6 6 6 18 Safe 3 Rumba (/wiki/Rumba) " Reflection (/wiki/Reflection_(Mulan_song)) " — Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) 8 8 8 24 Safe 4 Jive (/wiki/Jive_(dance)) " Crocodile Rock (/wiki/Crocodile_Rock) " — Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) 9 9 8 26 Safe 5 Contemporary (/wiki/Contemporary_dance) " Total Eclipse of the Heart (/wiki/Total_Eclipse_of_the_Heart) " — Bonnie Tyler (/wiki/Bonnie_Tyler) 10 9 10 29 Safe 6 Salsa (/wiki/Salsa_(dance)) " On the Floor (/wiki/On_the_Floor) " — Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , featuring Pitbull (/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)) 7 7 8 22 Bottom two 7 Viennese waltz (/wiki/Viennese_waltz) " Creep (/wiki/Creep_(Radiohead_song)) " — Vincint (/wiki/Vincint) 9 9 9 27 Safe 8 Foxtrot (/wiki/Foxtrot) " Wonder (/wiki/Wonder_(Shawn_Mendes_song)) " — Shawn Mendes (/wiki/Shawn_Mendes) 9 9 9 27 Safe Viennese waltz (/wiki/Viennese_waltz) Relay " I Have Nothing (/wiki/I_Have_Nothing) " — Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) – 3 [b] (#cite_note-43) 9 Quickstep (/wiki/Quickstep) " Valerie (/wiki/Valerie_(Zutons_song)#Mark_Ronson_and_Amy_Winehouse_version) " — Amy Winehouse (/wiki/Amy_Winehouse) , featuring Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) 10 10 10 30 Bottom two Jive (/wiki/Jive_(dance)) (Dance-off) " Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go (/wiki/Wake_Me_Up_Before_You_Go-Go) " — Wham! (/wiki/Wham!) Loser [c] (#cite_note-44) 10 Salsa (/wiki/Salsa_(dance)) " X (/wiki/X_(Jonas_Brothers_song)) " — Jonas Brothers (/wiki/Jonas_Brothers) & Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) 9 9 9 27 Eliminated Jazz (/wiki/Jazz_dance) " I Lived (/wiki/I_Lived) " — OneRepublic (/wiki/OneRepublic) 10 10 10 30 ^ (#cite_ref-42) Individual judges' scores are listed in the following order: Carrie Ann Inaba (/wiki/Carrie_Ann_Inaba) , Derek Hough (/wiki/Derek_Hough) , Bruno Tonioli (/wiki/Bruno_Tonioli) . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Weir received three bonus points for this dance relay. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Weir lost this dance-off to AJ McLean (/wiki/AJ_McLean) and received no bonus points. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Stump, Scott (October 23, 2013). "Johnny Weir Retires, Joins NBC Olympics as Figure Skating Analyst" (https://www.today.com/news/johnny-weir-retires-joins-nbc-olympics-figure-skating-analyst-8C11446723) . Today.com . Retrieved January 10, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hersh, Philip (September 19, 2014). "Lipinski, Weir Promoted to No. 1 NBC Skating Broadcast Team" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/chi-lipinski-weir-now-no-1-nbc-skating-broadcast-team-20140918-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Skipper, Clay (February 12, 2018). "How Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski Became the Most Iconic Duo in Figure Skating" (https://www.gq.com/story/name-a-more-iconic-duo-johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-interview) . GQ Magazine . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Weir, Tom (February 10, 2018). "Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir Are Ready to Rule the Winter Olympics Again" (https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2758431-tara-lipinski-and-johnny-weir-are-ready-to-rule-the-winter-olympics-again) . Bleacher Report . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Calfas, Jennifer (February 22, 2018). "Inside Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir's Rise From Olympic Figure Skaters to Beloved Commentators" (https://time.com/5171890/tara-lipinski-johnny-weir-olympics/) . Time . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Plaschke, Bill (February 18, 2014). "Sochi Olympics: Johnny Weir is Just Being His Out, Open Self" (https://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/la-xpm-2014-feb-18-la-sp-johnny-weir-plaschke-20140219-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) King, Randall (June 22, 2015). "Filmmaker Went Underground in Putin's Russia to Profile LGBT Athletes During Olympics" (https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/TV/not-all-fun-and-games-308953801.html) . Winnepeg Free Press . Winnipeg, Manitoba . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "GLAAD Media Awards Nominees Unveiled" (https://deadline.com/2015/01/glaad-media-awards-nominees-list-1201354174/) . Deadline . January 21, 2015 . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Rogers, Martin (February 15, 2018). "Tara Lipinski, Johnny Weir Have Chemistry, Frank Analysis That Elevates NBC Coverage" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/15/tara-lipinski-johnny-weir-have-chemistry-frank-analysis-elevates-nbc-coverage/339826002/) . USA Today . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Macur, Juliet (February 18, 2018). "Scott Hamilton Was Demoted as an Olympic Broadcaster. Don't Feel Sorry for Him" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/18/sports/olympics/figure-skating-nbc-scott-hamilton-.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-kidding_11-0) Drysdale, Jennifer (November 2, 2018). "Tara Lipinski on Pair Skating With Jim Carrey & Playing a 'Warped' Version of Herself on 'Kidding' (Exclusive)" (https://www.etonline.com/tara-lipinski-on-pair-skating-with-jim-carrey-playing-a-warped-version-of-herself-on-kidding-112889) . ET online.com . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Root, Tik (February 22, 2018). "The Internet Still Can't Make up Its Mind about Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2018/02/22/the-internet-still-cant-make-up-its-mind-about-tara-lipinski-and-johnny-weir/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How to Watch the Winter Olympics Closing Ceremony on Sunday" (https://www.9news.com/article/sports/olympics/how-to-watch-winter-olympics-closing-ceremony/73-92bd249d-e1a8-4c75-bf54-9b45a9d82790) . 9News.com . Denver, Colorado. February 19, 2022 . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cuevas, Jailene (February 19, 2022). "Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir Cover Winter Olympics in Stamford" (https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/entertainment/article/Tara-Lipinski-and-Johnny-Weir-Olympics-Stamford-16931915.php) . Stamford Advocate . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Kaufman, Amy (February 25, 2014). "How Billy Bush Got Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir an Oscars Gig" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-oscars-tara-lipinski-johnny-weir-access-hollywood-20140224-story.html#axzz2uU4LrLwz) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Hendricks, Maggie (April 10, 2017). "Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski are Doing Red Carpet for a Dog Show Because 'We Love Dogs!' (https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/04/johnny-weir-and-tara-lipinski-are-doing-red-carpet-for-a-dog-show-because-we-love-dogs) " (https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/04/johnny-weir-and-tara-lipinski-are-doing-red-carpet-for-a-dog-show-because-we-love-dogs) . USA Today . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Johnny Weir, BTS at National Dog Show" (https://www.news-press.com/story/entertainment/2015/11/14/johnny-weir-bts-at-national-dog-show/75799628/) . News-Press . Fort Myers, Florida. November 14, 2015 . Retrieved May 17, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Johnny & Tara Agree: Their Dogs Are the Best" (https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-dog-lovers-national-dog-show-2016-philadelphia/2039552/) . NBC Philadelphia . November 11, 2016 . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "A Thanksgiving Dog Spectacular" (https://www.dailyastorian.com/news/local/a-thanksgiving-dog-spectacular/article_5104e8a7-d21a-5663-b25c-4bb6678f5fee.html) . Daily Astorian . Astoria, Oregon. November 22, 2017 . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "2018 National Dog Show Features 2 New Breeds" (https://www.nbc15.com/content/news/National-Dog-Show--501051811.html) . NBC15 News . Madison, Wisconsin. November 21, 2018 . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Abdy, Gina (November 26, 2019). "O'Hurley Relishes Annual Thanksgiving Dog Show's Popularity" (https://apnews.com/5fa8254562aa49faa498e3357093eb22) . AP News . Associated Press . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wilder, Charlotte (May 3, 2016). "Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski are Bringing 7 Suitcases to the Kentucky Derby" (https://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/05/johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-kentucky-derby-seven-suitcases) . USA Today . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Adams, Kirby (May 3, 2018). "Here's What Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir Wore to Kentucky Derby 2018" (https://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/events/kentucky-derby/fashion/2018/05/03/what-johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-wear-coverage-kentucky-derby/573631002/) . Courier Journal . Louisville, Kentucky . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-pressbox_24-0) "Johnny Weir: Figure Skating Analyst" (https://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/bio/johnny-weir-3) . NBC Sports Pressbox . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Zaccardi, Nick (January 22, 2015). "Tara Lipinski, Johnny Weir Join NBC's Super Bowl Team" (https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2015/01/22/johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-super-bowl-nbc-broadcast/) . NBC Sports . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Minutaglio, Rose (May 2, 2016). "Johnny Weir and Tara Lipinski Will Be Olympic Commentators, Promise an 'Inside Look' at the Games and 'Some Half-Naked Athletes' (https://people.com/sports/correspondents-tara-lipinski-and-johnny-weir-will-cover-2016-olympics/) " (https://people.com/sports/correspondents-tara-lipinski-and-johnny-weir-will-cover-2016-olympics/) . People . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) France, Lisa Respers (May 10, 2022). "Johnny Weir is a Eurovision Superfan and It's Paying Off" (https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/10/entertainment/johnny-weir-eurovision/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Forristal, Lauren (2023-02-09). "Peacock lets subscribers watch live episodes with their favorite stars in real time" (https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/09/peacock-feature-lets-subscribers-watch-live-episodes-with-stars/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 2023-04-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Pearl, Diana (February 14, 2018). "Inside Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir's Unprecedented (and Very Sparkly) Olympics Commentary" (https://people.com/sports/winter-olympics-2018-johnny-weir-tara-lipinski-figure-skating-commentary-friendship/) . People . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-goodykoontz_30-0) Goodykoontz, Bill (February 16, 2022). "Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir Kept Quiet During Kamila Valieva's Skate. It Was Powerful TV" (https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/media/2022/02/16/tara-lipinski-johnny-weir-quiet-during-kamila-valievas-skate/6812334001/) . Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Goodykoontz, Bill (February 16, 2022). "Tara Lipinski and Johnny Weir Kept Quiet During Kamila Valieva's Skate. It Was Powerful TV" (https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/media/2022/02/16/tara-lipinski-johnny-weir-quiet-during-kamila-valievas-skate/6812334001/) . Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Wright, Mary Ellen (May 13, 2019). "Johnny Weir's Food Network Wedding Cake Baking Show Begins Season 2" (https://lancasteronline.com/features/johnny-weirs-food-network-wedding-cake-baking-show-begins-season-2/article_a9511a38-7520-11e9-a041-97b9e5bbb8a6.html) . Lancaster Online . Lancaster, Pennsylvania . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Schmitt, Brad (January 4, 2022). "If You Want to Meet Tara Lipinski in Nashville, Hang Out at One of Maneet Chauhan's Restaurants" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/dining/2022/01/04/tara-lipinski-and-chef-maneet-chauhan-love-first-bite/9057216002/) . The Tennessean . Nashville, Tennessee . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Yang, Rachel (September 25, 2019). "Egg and Ice Cream Revealed! The Masked Singer Uncovers 2 Disguised Celebrity Contestants" (https://ew.com/tv/2019/09/25/the-masked-singer-revealed-egg-celebrity-premiere-recap/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Complex, Valerie (May 10, 2022). "Johnny Weir To Host Peacock's Coverage Of Eurovision – How To Watch 2022 Song Contest Live In The U.S." (https://deadline.com/2022/05/johnny-weir-to-host-peacocks-coverage-of-eurovision-1235020066/) Deadline . Retrieved 2023-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Wright, Mary Ellen (May 2, 2023). "Johnny Weir to Host U.S. Coverage of Eurovision Song Contest; Americans Can Vote This Year" (https://lancasteronline.com/features/entertainment/johnny-weir-to-host-u-s-coverage-of-eurovision-song-contest-americans-can-vote-this/article_6dd71486-e83e-11ed-ad78-c3d88f3eb716.html) . Lancaster Online . Retrieved April 26, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Hailu, Selome (January 15, 2023). " (https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/night-court-guest-stars-pete-holmes-melissa-villasenor-1235490134/) 'Night Court' Revival Sets Guest Stars Including Pete Holmes, Melissa Villaseñor, Wendie Malick" (https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/night-court-guest-stars-pete-holmes-melissa-villasenor-1235490134/) . Variety . Retrieved February 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Hurley, Laura (February 21, 2023). "Night Court: Figure Skating Icons Tara Lipinski And Johnny Weir Reveal Cast And Crew Reactions To Their Guest Roles, Despite Feeling Nervous" (https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/night-court-figure-skating-icons-tara-lipinski-and-johnny-weir-reveal-cast-and-crew-reactions-to-their-guest-roles-despite-feeling-nervous) . Cinema Blend . Retrieved February 28, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Alexander, Bryan (September 14, 2020). " (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/09/14/dancing-stars-recap-carole-baskin-claws-out-paso-doble/5799827002/) 'Dancing With the Stars': Carole Baskin Claws out a Paso Doble in First Dance, Earns Lowly 3 Score" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/09/14/dancing-stars-recap-carole-baskin-claws-out-paso-doble/5799827002/) . USA Today . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Davies, Janet; Jordan, Marsha (November 2, 2020). "Britt Stewart Talks about Being 1st Black Female Pro on 'DWTS' (https://abc7chicago.com/britt-stewart-dancing-with-the-stars-johnny-weir-dwts/7585545/) " (https://abc7chicago.com/britt-stewart-dancing-with-the-stars-johnny-weir-dwts/7585545/) . ABC7 Chicago . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Wright, Mary Ellen (November 17, 2020). "Johnny Weir eliminated from 'Dancing With the Stars,' despite perfect score on jazz routine" (https://lancasteronline.com/features/johnny-weir-eliminated-from-dancing-with-the-stars-despite-perfect-score-on-jazz-routine-photos/article_841b75b8-2895-11eb-a91b-3fdefbf49e03.html) . Lancaster Online . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . This article needs additional or more specific categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization) . Please help out (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broadcasting_career_of_Johnny_Weir&action=edit) by adding categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?) to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. 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(Redirected from List of Saucony sponsorships (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Saucony_sponsorships&redirect=no) ) American footwear brand Saucony Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded 1898 ; 126 years ago ( 1898 ) Kutztown, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Headquarters Waltham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Products Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) , jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpant) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , socks (/wiki/Sock) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Hyde (/w/index.php?title=Hyde_Athletic_Industries_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) (1968–2005) Stride Rite (/wiki/Stride_Rite) (2005–2007) Collective Brands (/wiki/Collective_Brands) (2007–2012) Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) (2012–present) Website saucony.com (https://www.saucony.com/en/home) Saucony / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ s ɔː k ən i / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) is an American brand of athletic footwear (/wiki/Athletic_footwear) and apparel (/wiki/Clothing) . Founded in 1898, the company is owned by Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) . Products commercialised by Saucony include footwear and clothing ranges, such as athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) , jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpant) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , and socks (/wiki/Sock) . Accessories include hats (/wiki/Hat) and backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) . Saucony's shoe boxes once had the phrase "sock a knee" printed on them, which represents the correct pronunciation of the company's name. [1] (#cite_note-1) The Saucony brand logo represents the Saucony Creek (/wiki/Saucony_Creek) 's constant flow, and the boulders lining its creek bed (/wiki/Creek_(tidal)) . The company is a popular racing shoe producer, making track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) and cross country (/wiki/Cross_country_running) racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flats) . Saucony also makes shoes for specific track and field athletics (/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics) events. History [ edit ] Saucony Jazz trainer The Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company's first factory was founded in 1898 at Kutztown, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania) by businessmen William A. Donmoyer, Thomas S. Levan, Walter C.C. Snyder, and Benjamin F. Reider. The company took its name from Saucony Creek (/wiki/Saucony_Creek) , which flows next to the original factory in Kutztown. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1910, Russian (/wiki/Russia) immigrant Abraham R. Hyde started a shoe company, A.R. Hyde and Sons, in Cambridge, Massachusetts (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Over the years, Hyde became known for making athletic footwear including brands such as SpotBilt and PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) . On June 13, 1968, Hyde entered into an agreement to buy Saucony, and the sale was completed on October 24, 1968. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1979, two of Saucony's running shoes were selected in the top 10 by Runner's World (/wiki/Runner%27s_World) magazine (the Hornet was chosen best value), and by the following spring the demand for the product had gone up 2,000%. In the late 1980s, when Saucony became Hyde's dominant brand, the name of the company was officially changed from Hyde Athletic Industries to Saucony. [5] (#cite_note-SauconyHistory-5) In 2005, Saucony was acquired by Stride Rite Corporation (/wiki/Stride_Rite_Corporation) for $170 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) Stride Rite was acquired in 2007 for $800 million by Payless ShoeSource (/wiki/Payless_ShoeSource) . The combined company became known as Collective Brands (/wiki/Collective_Brands) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2012, Collective Brands' Performance Lifestyle Group, which included Saucony, along with Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) , Stride Rite and Sperry Top-Sider (/wiki/Sperry_Top-Sider) , became part of Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) in a $1.23 billion transaction that also involved the sale of Payless ShoeSource and Collective Licensing International to private equity firms (/wiki/Private_equity_firm) Blum Capital Partners (/wiki/Blum_Capital) and Golden Gate Capital (/wiki/Golden_Gate_Capital) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2016, Wolverine World Wide relocated Saucony and its other Boston-area brands to a new regional headquarters location in Waltham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Wolverine World Wide sources a majority of its footwear from numerous third-party manufacturers in Asia Pacific and South America. [10] (#cite_note-10) Footwear [ edit ] Saucony Peregrine 8 trail shoes The company offers shoes for running (/wiki/Running_shoes) , trail running, racing, and walking, utilizing specific technology relevant to the type of activity. Shoes are also made by focusing on the runner's foot size, type of running, arch type, and pronation (/wiki/Pronation) . On April 3, 2018, Saucony teamed up with the Massachusetts-based doughnut and coffee company, Dunkin' Donuts (/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts) to produce a doughnut-themed, strawberry-frosted-looking running shoe to commemorate the 122nd running of the Boston Marathon (/wiki/Boston_Marathon) . The Saucony X Dunkin’ Kinvara 9 comes in a doughnut box. The heel of the shoe is covered in rainbow sprinkles (/wiki/Sprinkles) . [11] (#cite_note-11) The company again released a Dunkin' themed running shoe, the Kinvara 10, in March 2019. [12] (#cite_note-12) Originals [ edit ] Originals are Saucony's heritage range, which includes reintroduced older shoe styles produced by the company with different materials and colorways. These include the popular Shadow model, Jazz model, and Hornet model, the latter of which remains the company's biggest selling product. [5] (#cite_note-SauconyHistory-5) Sponsorship [ edit ] The company sponsors and has sponsored many athletes, including American long-distance runners Molly Huddle (/wiki/Molly_Huddle) , Laura Thweatt (/wiki/Laura_Thweatt) , and Jared Ward (/wiki/Jared_Ward) . [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jones, Del (October 18, 2004). "Saucony CEO puts his foot down on loyalty - Finding a niche vital when you're small" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/educate/college/careers/profile37.htm) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160710170215/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/educate/college/careers/profile37.htm) from the original on July 10, 2016 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Running History: Saucony Through the Ages" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/saucony-book-running-history-saucony-through-the-ages) . Sneaker Freaker . August 2, 2023 . Retrieved 2023-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The History of the Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company" (https://www.prlog.org/10377917-the-history-of-the-saucony-shoe-manufacturing-company.html) . PRLog . Retrieved 2023-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hyde Athletic Industries, Inc., and Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Continental Casualty Company, Continental Insurance Company, Greater New York Mutual Insurance Company, Lumbermens Mutual Insurance Company, Federal Insurance Company, and Highlands Insurance Company, Defendants. Civil Action No. 95-5822" (https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/97D0706P.pdf) (PDF) . United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania . 1997-06-16. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201022020314/https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/97D0706P.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-22 . Retrieved 2023-03-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b Grant, Tina (September 25, 2000). International Directory of Company Histories . Vol. 35. Detroit, Michigan: St. James Press (/wiki/St._James_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55862-394-1 . OL (/wiki/OL_(identifier)) 8607055M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8607055M) – via Funding Universe. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Stride Rite to buy Saucony for $170 million" (https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2005/05/30/daily35.html) . Boston Business Journal (/wiki/Boston_Business_Journal) . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Payless set to acquire Stride Rite for $800 million" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23iht-shoe.1.5837442.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . May 23, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190624150029/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23iht-shoe.1.5837442.html) from the original on June 24, 2019 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Wolverine, Golden Gate, Blum agree to buy company whose brands include Keds, Sperry Top-Sider" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/05/01/wolverine-golden-gate-blum-agree-buy-company-whose-brands-include-keds-sperry-top-sider/46Cen5BoYoH16Ww8RLEChK/story.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . May 1, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191029015307/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/05/01/wolverine-golden-gate-blum-agree-buy-company-whose-brands-include-keds-sperry-top-sider/46Cen5BoYoH16Ww8RLEChK/story.html) from the original on 29 October 2019 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Wolverine strides into Waltham" (https://www.bostonherald.com/2016/07/20/wolverine-strides-into-waltham/) . Boston Herald (/wiki/Boston_Herald) . 20 July 2016 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Martinez, Shandra (2017-08-17). "Wolverine Worldwide taps CMU grad to grow Asian business" (https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2017/08/wolverine_worldwide_taps_cmu_g.html) . mlive (/wiki/Mlive) . Retrieved 2023-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dawson, Andrew (2018-03-28). "Saucony Teams up With Dunkin' Donuts for One Sweet Running Shoe" (https://www.runnersworld.com/gear/a19595602/saucony-dunkin-donuts-shoes/) . Runner's World (/wiki/Runner%27s_World) . Retrieved 2018-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dunkin', Saucony team up to create doughnut-themed shoes for Boston Marathon" (https://www.wthr.com/article/dunkin-saucony-team-create-doughnut-themed-shoes-boston-marathon) . WTHR (/wiki/WTHR) .com . Indianapolis. 2019-03-22 . Retrieved 2019-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "2020 U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials - Track and Field Event" (https://www.flotrack.org/events/6650083-2020-us-olympic-marathon-trials/results) . Flotrack . Retrieved 2023-04-12 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saucony (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saucony) . Official website (https://www.saucony.com/en) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) India portal (/wiki/Portal:India) Punjab portal (/wiki/Portal:Punjab) This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . See also: Category:Models from Punjab, Pakistan (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Punjab,_Pakistan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐cb58f Cached time: 20240722160646 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.099 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 94/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3799/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3677/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.045/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1101326/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 85.545 1 -total 45.84% 39.215 1 Template:Portal 36.05% 30.837 1 Template:Container_category 30.53% 26.119 1 Template:Cmbox 17.87% 15.288 1 Template:Cat_see_also 5.33% 4.558 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check 3.46% 2.961 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.58% 1.349 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54428054-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722160646 and revision id 1001815502. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + Female models from Punjab, India (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Punjab,_India) ‎ (1 C, 10 P) C Models from Chandigarh (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Chandigarh) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) Pages in category "Models from Punjab, India" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . G Sara Gurpal (/wiki/Sara_Gurpal) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Punjab,_India&oldid=1001815502 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Punjab,_India&oldid=1001815502) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian models by state or union territory (/wiki/Category:Indian_models_by_state_or_union_territory) People from Punjab, India by occupation (/wiki/Category:People_from_Punjab,_India_by_occupation) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
Russian clothing manufacturer The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Sinar" clothing (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sinar%22+clothing) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sinar%22+clothing+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sinar%22+clothing&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sinar%22+clothing+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sinar%22+clothing) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sinar%22+clothing&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Sinar Industry Clothing manufacturing Founded 1921 Headquarters Novosibirsk (/wiki/Novosibirsk) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) Website sinar.ru (https://sinar.ru/) Sinar ( Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : Синар ) is a clothing manufacturer headquartered in Novosibirsk (/wiki/Novosibirsk) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) . It was founded in 1921. [1] (#cite_note-1) The company produces men's, women's and children's clothing. History [ edit ] The factory buildings on Serebrennikovskaya Street (/wiki/Serebrennikovskaya_Street,_Novosibirsk) . The garment factory was created in Novonikolayevsk (current Novosibirsk) on the basis of Igla Trade Union in 1921. It had 60 sewing machines and 55 workers. In 1997 Sinar entered into an agreement with Vyacheslav Zaytsev (/wiki/Vyacheslav_Zaytsev) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2012 the company opened the first store in Krasnoyarsk (/wiki/Krasnoyarsk) . In 2015 Sinar opened the ninth store in Novosibirsk. [3] (#cite_note-multiple-3) Directors [ edit ] CEO - Sayfutdinova Galiya Shakirovna [4] (#cite_note-4) Activity [ edit ] The company sells clothing under the Sinar and Sono brands. [3] (#cite_note-multiple-3) The factory makes women's and men's coats, school clothes, suits, ties, etc. Location [ edit ] The company's stores are located in more than 30 cities of Russia. [3] (#cite_note-multiple-3) Gallery [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ламин В. А. (2003). Энциклопедия. Новосибирск . Новосибирск: Новосибирское книжное издательство. p. 799. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 5-7620-0968-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Славик Зайцефф продал марку. Коммерсантъ. (https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/190457) ^ Jump up to: a b c Компания «Синар» открыла магазин в ТРЦ «Аура» в Новосибирске. Континент Сибирь. Sinar Company opened a store in Aura Mall in Novosibirsk. Kontinent Sibir. (https://ksonline.ru/news/-/id/19005/) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "АО «СИНАР» — Новосибирская область — ОГРН 1025402466760, ИНН 5406014187 — адрес, контакты, гендиректор" (https://companies.rbc.ru/id/1025402466760-ao-sinar/) . РБК Компании (in Russian) . Retrieved 2024-06-17 . External links [ edit ] Нелегкий старт легкой промышленности. Континент Сибирь. (https://ksonline.ru/221362/nelegkij-start-legkoj-promyshlennosti/) Шьют 100 лет: новосибирцев пустят в старейшую швейную фабрику в центре города. НГС.НОВОСТИ. 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British fashion stylist (1960–2018) Judy Blame Born ( 1960-02-12 ) 12 February 1960 Leatherhead, Surrey Died 19 February 2018 (2018-02-19) (aged 58) Occupation(s) British fashion stylist, accessories designer and punk iconoclast. Judy Blame (12 February 1960 – 19 February 2018) was a British fashion stylist, accessories designer and punk iconoclast. Early life [ edit ] Judy Blame was born Christopher Barnes in 1960 [1] (#cite_note-Flynn-1) in Leatherhead (/wiki/Leatherhead) , Surrey, and grew up in Spain (/wiki/Spain) and Devon (/wiki/Devon) . [2] (#cite_note-2) He ran away to London (/wiki/London) at age 17 “to become a punk”, [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) but because he knew nobody there he decided to spend the next two years in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) , which had its own lively scene. Among influences he encountered was graphic designer Peter Saville (/wiki/Peter_Saville_(graphic_designer)) . “It was freedom for me so I was really happy. I came back to London at the time of the New Romantic (/wiki/New_Romantic) look and that’s when I became more aware of fashion,” Blame says in the SHOWstudio (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) video made in 2010. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] On returning to London and its club scene, Barnes changed his name to Judy Blame; "Judy" was a nickname given to him by designer Antony Price (/wiki/Antony_Price) , and the surname "Blame" was suggested by Scarlett Cannon, a hairdresser friend. [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) Blame said he deliberately assumed a female name in order to confuse people. [5] (#cite_note-id-5) When asked his birth name, Blame refused to answer. [6] (#cite_note-hyland-6) Along with Scarlett, in 1981, Blame ran a fashion-forward club-night called "Cha-Cha" at the London nightclub Heaven (/wiki/Heaven_(nightclub)) . [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) [7] (#cite_note-cole-7) Blame's punk aesthetic as a stylist and image-maker helped influence magazines such as The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) and i-D (/wiki/I-D) throughout the 1980s and 1990s. [5] (#cite_note-id-5) During the mid-1980s, along with designers John Moore and Christopher Nemeth (/wiki/Christopher_Nemeth) , Blame was part of a collective called "The House of Beauty and Culture". [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) Blame's creations, often on a large scale, deployed a wide range of scrap metal (/wiki/Scrap_metal) and found objects to create statement pieces. [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) [8] (#cite_note-dmc-8) During the 1980s he worked closely with the stylist Ray Petri (/wiki/Ray_Petri) , who was a significant figure on the London club scene of the 1980s, [7] (#cite_note-cole-7) and also collaborated with Leigh Bowery (/wiki/Leigh_Bowery) . [8] (#cite_note-dmc-8) Blame designs were worn by Duran Duran (/wiki/Duran_Duran) and The Transmitters (/wiki/The_Transmitters_(band)) . [8] (#cite_note-dmc-8) Blame also worked as a stylist for Neneh Cherry (/wiki/Neneh_Cherry) , Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) , Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) and Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) . [9] (#cite_note-ruth-9) Among the designers Blame collaborated with are John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Richard Nicoll (/wiki/Richard_Nicoll) , Christopher Shannon (/wiki/Christopher_Shannon) and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . [5] (#cite_note-id-5) For Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) at Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) Blame designed a male accessories line. [3] (#cite_note-webb-3) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2005, he was selling his work through Kawakubo's Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) , and also provided designs for Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) . [9] (#cite_note-ruth-9) Blame's work was exhibited at the V&A (/wiki/V%26A) and in 2016 was the subject of a retrospective [11] (#cite_note-11) at London's Institute of Contemporary Arts (/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts) , where curator Matt Williams described him as “a polymath and an inspiration”, with an ability “to respond to the detritus of the everyday or an image that touches upon pertinent social and political themes of its time”. [12] (#cite_note-Obituaries:_Judy_Blame-12) Death and tributes [ edit ] Judy Blame died on 19 February 2018, aged 58, one week after his 58th birthday. [1] (#cite_note-Flynn-1) Dylan Jones (/wiki/Dylan_Jones) , editor-in-chief of GQ (/wiki/GQ) , wrote: “He was an artist, a genuine one, someone who could cherry pick cultural detritus and then mix it all together to create something new, something lasting.” [13] (#cite_note-13) Caroline Rush, Chief Executive British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) , said of Blame: “The fashion world has lost a creative genius and many in the industry have lost a dear friend. His contribution to fashion, art and design saw him collaborate with music legends and fashion’s brightest stars. He was a true innovator and an incredible part of London’s creative community.” [14] (#cite_note-14) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) , photographer and director of SHOWstudio, said of Blame: “Always totally unique, always a champion of the underdog, always fiercely anti-fascist and anti-establishment, always inspiring, always so immensely talented and always one hundred % brilliant.” [15] (#cite_note-15) Blame's obituary in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) explains his preoccupation with objets trouvés (/wiki/Objets_trouv%C3%A9s) fashioned into fantastical necklaces, outré earrings, outrageous brooches and other items of bricolage (/wiki/Bricolage) . “I didn’t have any fear about using something that wasn’t classic jewellery material,” he said. “Because I had no training, I didn’t have any parameters. When we haven’t got the money, we have to use our imagination.” Certainly bling was never this thing. “I don’t think that a diamond is better than a safety pin; to me it’s just a thing or a shape. I see beauty in everything,” he said. It was a punk aesthetic that meant buttons, bits of string, tin foil, champagne corks, etc. were featured in his creations. [12] (#cite_note-Obituaries:_Judy_Blame-12) The editor-in-chief of British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) magazine Edward Enninful (/wiki/Edward_Enninful) wrote: “Judy never fell out of touch with what was going on in the world: whether he was working for i-D (/wiki/I-D) in the Eighties, creating pieces for the first Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) or collaborating with Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) and Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) over the past few years, he has always been at the forefront of the creativity zeitgeist, and he’s never lost sight of the next generation.” [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Flynn, Paul (20 February 2018). " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/feb/20/so-much-purpose-so-much-talent-punk-designer-judy-blame-dies-aged-58) 'So much purpose. So much talent': punk designer Judy Blame dies aged 58" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/feb/20/so-much-purpose-so-much-talent-punk-designer-judy-blame-dies-aged-58) . The Guardian . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Staff writer. "Designers: Judy Blame" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/judy-blame/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Webb, Iain (9 January 2005). "Never Mind the Bling-Bling" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/09/magazine/never-mind-the-blingbling.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Judy Blame: In Black and White" (https://showstudio.com/project/judy_blame_in_black_and_white) . showstudio.com , 10 June 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Judy Blame" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130424182508/http://i-donline.com/authors/judy-blame/) . i-Directory . i-D Online. Archived from the original (http://i-donline.com/authors/judy-blame/) on 24 April 2013 . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-hyland_6-0) Hyland, Véronique (23 January 2015). "Judy Blame Is the Unofficial Muse of Men's Fashion Week" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2015/01/judy-blame-is-the-muse-of-mens-fashion-week.html#) . The Cut . New York Media LLC . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cole, Shaun (2013). "New Styles New Sounds: Clubbing, Music and Fashion in 1980s London". In Stanfill, Sonnet (ed.). 80s fashion: from club to catwalk . London: V&A Pub. pp. 39–41. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781851777259 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Milford-Cottam, Daniel (2013). "Accessory: Judy Blame". In Stanfill, Sonnet (ed.). 80s fashion: from club to catwalk . London: V&A Pub. p. 49. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781851777259 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jamieson, Ruth (14 November 2005). "Fashion junkie: Judy Blame" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG3346918/Fashion-junkie-Judy-Blame.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Judy Blame's profile at SHOWstudio" (http://showstudio.com/contributor/judy_blame) . SHOWstudio . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Never Again: the life and influence of Judy Blame at the ICA" (https://www.wallpaper.com/art/ica-celebrates-the-life-and-influence-of-judy-blame-with-countercultural-retrospective-never-again) . Wallpaper , 14 July 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b "Obituaries: Judy Blame" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/judy-blame-obituary-px22p87fd) . The Times , 23 February 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Van den Broeke, Teo (20 February 2018). "Judy Blame: A Celebration" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/judy-blame-a-celebration) . GQ magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "British Fashion Council official page" (https://www.instagram.com/britishfashioncouncil/) . @britishfashioncouncil – Caroline Rush CBE, Chief Executive, 20 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The one and only Judy Blame" (https://www.instagram.com/nick_knight/) . @nick_knight , 20 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Edward Enninful Remembers His Friend Judy Blame" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/edward-enninful-remembers-judy-blame) . Vogue Daily , 20 February 2018. External links [ edit ] Judy Blame (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0086894/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Interview with Gregor Muir, Executive Director, ICA, London https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORTjLXFuUpI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORTjLXFuUpI) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/1763153596624251900008) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4pxpp Cached time: 20240712142958 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.413 seconds Real time usage: 0.557 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2338/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22338/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1318/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47654/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.269/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6283887/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 518.171 1 -total 33.34% 172.772 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.54% 147.890 1 Template:Reflist 18.08% 93.676 4 Template:Cite_web 16.37% 84.833 1 Template:Short_description 15.67% 81.194 1 Template:Authority_control 14.15% 73.334 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.80% 50.755 1 Template:Birth_date 7.66% 39.689 2 Template:Pagetype 6.54% 33.872 17 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37475376-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712142958 and revision id 1224589697. 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Chinese-British journalist and blogger Susanna Lau Born 1983 (age 40–41) United Kingdom Other names Susie Bubble Susie Lau Occupation(s) Journalist; blogger Years active 2006–present Children 2 Website stylebubble (http://stylebubble.co.uk) .co (http://stylebubble.co.uk) .uk (http://stylebubble.co.uk) Susanna Lau (born 1983) [1] (#cite_note-BoF_Profile-1) (known as Susie Bubble ) is a Chinese-British journalist and blogger. [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) [3] (#cite_note-2014_Guardian_Interview-3) She got her start as a fashion blogger. [4] (#cite_note-2016_VICE_Interview-4) Early life and education [ edit ] Lau was born in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [1] (#cite_note-BoF_Profile-1) Her family comes from Hong Kong (/wiki/British_Hong_Kong) . [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) Lau studied history at University College London (/wiki/University_College_London) . [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) [5] (#cite_note-2010_Telegraph-5) Career [ edit ] Style Bubble [ edit ] Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) dress chosen by Lau to represent 2013 in the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) 's Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) collection. In March 2006, Lau got her start as a fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blog) via her blog, Style Bubble . [5] (#cite_note-2010_Telegraph-5) By 2010, it was attracting tens of thousands of daily visitors, [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) with 300,000 unique users per month. [5] (#cite_note-2010_Telegraph-5) In March 2010 Lau left her role as commissioning editor of DazedDigital.com (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) in order to focus on blogging full-time. [6] (#cite_note-2011_BoF_Feature-6) Lau also has a Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) account, which made 69th place in The Independent 's 2012 Twitter 100 List, where she was called "the self-made queen of independent UK fashion blogging," and was noted as having over 151,000 followers. [7] (#cite_note-2012_Independent_Twitter100-7) By 2013, this had increased to 214,000. [8] (#cite_note-2013_FashionMuseum-8) Followers of Style Bubble included the fashion designers Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) and Nanette Lepore (/wiki/Nanette_Lepore) , who told the New York Times in 2010 that Style Bubble showed a "fun approach that is at the same time realistic," and that she and her staff were regular readers. [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) Through Style Bubble , Lau became an occasional consultant and freelance writer, stating in January 2011 that 65 per cent of her income came from special projects, such as work for Gap (/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)) , Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , and the department store Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) ; the rest from advertising revenue and freelance writing. [6] (#cite_note-2011_BoF_Feature-6) For the Gap advertising campaign in 2010, she was one of the "demi-celebrities" who gave quotes while modelling their clothing, describing style as "the wrapping paper of my life". [2] (#cite_note-2010_NewYorkTimes-2) She was also involved in the launch of Google (/wiki/Google) 's Boutiques.com site, where alongside other celebrities, she was invited to set up her own online boutique on the site. [6] (#cite_note-2011_BoF_Feature-6) Lau has also gained notoriety for her unique home decor and living style. [9] (#cite_note-2016_Guardian_Home-9) [10] (#cite_note-2016_Guardian_HomePics-10) In 2012, Lau collaborated on a book with journalist William Oliver called Style Feed: The World's Top Fashion Blogs , where they curated top fashion blogs. [11] (#cite_note-2012_StyleFeed_Book-11) In 2014 Lau was the first blogger (rather than a journalist) to be asked by the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) to select an outfit to reflect 2013 for their Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) collection. [8] (#cite_note-2013_FashionMuseum-8) Her choice was a pink dress by the 2013 Designer of the Year, Christopher Kane trimmed with lace and gaffer tape (/wiki/Gaffer_tape) , with a hat by Nasir Mazhar (/wiki/Nasir_Mazhar) and pink and black shoes by Sophia Webster (/wiki/Sophia_Webster) . [12] (#cite_note-2014_Culture24-12) Post- Style Bubble [ edit ] Lau currently works as a freelance journalist and posts regularly on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . [13] (#cite_note-2019_Guardian_ChinaDolceGabbana-13) She covers international fashion weeks [14] (#cite_note-2016_Vogue_FashionShows-14) including New York Fashion Week, London Fashion Week, Paris Fashion Week, and fashion events in China like Shanghai Fashion Week. [15] (#cite_note-2019_JingDaily_ChineseFashion-15) Personal life [ edit ] Lau lives in London (/wiki/London) . [9] (#cite_note-2016_Guardian_Home-9) [16] (#cite_note-2018_ELLE_ModernLove-16) Works and publications [ edit ] Oliver, William; Bubble, Susie (2012). Style Feed: The World's Top Fashion Blogs . Munich: Prestel. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-791-34718-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1086220206 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1086220206) . Selected articles [ edit ] Lau, Susie (25 October 2011). "The enduring appeal of trainers" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2011/oct/25/susie-lau-trainers) . The Guardian . Lau, Susie (20 November 2011). "Coming round to the idea of polka dots" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2011/nov/20/susie-lau-polka-dot-retro) . The Guardian . Lau, Susie (18 December 2011). "Party frocks are failing us" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2011/dec/18/susie-lau-party-frock-sequins) . The Guardian . Lau, Susie (8 February 2016). "Monkey business: how fashion is cashing in on Chinese new year" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/feb/08/monkey-business-how-fashion-is-cashing-in-on-chinese-new-year) . The Guardian . Lau, Susie (15 September 2017). "Breastfeeding on the front row: a beginner's guide" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/sep/15/breastfeeding-on-the-front-row-a-beginners-guide) . The Guardian . Lau, Susie (2 October 2018). "Saint Laurent's Dreams of the Orient: 'When you know a culture, you can't make mistakes' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/oct/02/saint-laurents-dreams-of-the-orient-when-you-know-a-culture-you-cant-make-mistakes) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/oct/02/saint-laurents-dreams-of-the-orient-when-you-know-a-culture-you-cant-make-mistakes) . The Guardian . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Susanna Lau: Founder, Style Bubble" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/susanna-lau) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 29 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f La Ferla, Ruth (8 December 2010). "Style Bubble Blog Gains Cultlike Status in Fashion World" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/fashion/09SUSIE.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-2014_Guardian_Interview_3-0) Hogan, Michael (16 February 2014). "Susie Lau interview: 'I still see myself as an interloper' (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/feb/16/susie-lau-interview-london-fashion-week) " (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/feb/16/susie-lau-interview-london-fashion-week) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-2016_VICE_Interview_4-0) Staff, i-D. (14 September 2016). "how to write a fashion blog by susie bubble" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/qv87zm/how-to-write-a-fashion-blog-by-susie-bubble) . i-D . Vice Media. ^ Jump up to: a b c Salter, Jessica (21 January 2010). "Britain's best fashion bloggers" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG7037668/Britains-best-fashion-bloggers.html) . The Daily Telegraph . ^ Jump up to: a b c Kansara, Vikram Alexei (24 January 2011). "The Business of Blogging: Style Bubble" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2011/01/the-business-of-blogging-susie-bubble.html) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-2012_Independent_Twitter100_7-0) "The Twitter 100: No 60 to 100" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/the-twitter-100-no-60-to-100-7466848.html4) . The Independent . 1 March 2012. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/the-twitter-100-no-60-to-100-7466848.html4) from the original on 25 May 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b "Susie Lau to be first fashion blogger to pick Fashion Museum's Dress of the Year" (http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/whats_on/press_releases/2013/dress_of_the_year_selector.aspx) . The Fashion Museum, Bath . December 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b Forster, Katie (21 February 2016). "Life in the bubble: my small and colourful home" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/feb/21/my-small-and-colourful-home-susie-bubble-lau) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-2016_Guardian_HomePics_10-0) Rose, Katherine Anne (20 February 2016). "At home with Susie Lau - in pictures" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2016/feb/20/at-home-with-susie-bubble-lau-in-pictures) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-2012_StyleFeed_Book_11-0) Oliver, William; Bubble, Susie (2012). Style Feed: The World's Top Fashion Blogs . Munich: Prestel. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-791-34718-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1086220206 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1086220206) . ^ (#cite_ref-2014_Culture24_12-0) "Sugar pink duct tape Christopher Kane creation is Dress of the Year at Bath Fashion Museum" (https://www.culture24.org.uk/art/architecture-and-design/art476216-Sugar-pink-duct-tape-Christopher-Kane-creation-is-Dress-of-the-Year-at-Bath-Fashion-Museum) . Culture 24 . 15 April 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-2019_Guardian_ChinaDolceGabbana_13-0) Conlon, Scarlett (5 February 2019). "Susie Bubble: 'There has been a lot of focus on how western brands handle cultural sensitivities' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/feb/05/susie-bubble-there-has-been-a-lot-of-focus-on-how-western-brands-handle-cultural-sensitivities) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/feb/05/susie-bubble-there-has-been-a-lot-of-focus-on-how-western-brands-handle-cultural-sensitivities) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-2016_Vogue_FashionShows_14-0) Phelps, Nicole (20 July 2016). "The Future of the Fashion Show: Susie Lau" (https://www.vogue.com/article/future-of-fashion-shows-susie-lau) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-2019_JingDaily_ChineseFashion_15-0) Smith, Tamsin (11 February 2019). "Susie Bubble Talks Chinese Fashion Amid Bicester Village CNY Pop-up Shop Launch" (https://jingdaily.com/susie-bubble-bicester/) . Jing Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-2018_ELLE_ModernLove_16-0) Pometsey, Olive (18 May 2018). "Modern Love: Meet The Couples Redefining What It Looks Like In 2018" (https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a20741768/this-is-modern-love/) . ELLE (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Further reading [ edit ] Pham, Minh-Ha T. (May 2013). "Susie Bubble is a Sign of The Times". Feminist Media Studies . 13 (2): 245–267. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/14680777.2012.678076 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14680777.2012.678076) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 142588582 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142588582) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Susie Bubble (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Susie_Bubble) . Susanna Lau (https://www.instagram.com/susiebubble/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000395805532) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/290621867) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrC9Grv3Fx3YJFb4dPvpP) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012152119) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p355331144) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐9qxnq Cached time: 20240720172559 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.440 seconds Real time usage: 0.609 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2984/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51969/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1902/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 89341/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.289/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7029950/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 513.302 1 -total 22.67% 116.379 1 Template:Infobox_person 15.81% 81.165 2 Template:Cite_book 14.90% 76.470 1 Template:Reflist 14.77% 75.804 1 Template:Authority_control 13.66% 70.097 20 Template:Cite_news 11.83% 60.716 1 Template:Short_description 6.53% 33.530 2 Template:Pagetype 5.89% 30.215 20 Template:Main_other 5.78% 29.657 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42621993-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172559 and revision id 1226911845. 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Cravat , cravate or cravats may refer to: Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) , forerunner neckband of the modern necktie Cravat, British name for what in American English is called an ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Cravat bandage, a triangular bandage (/wiki/Triangular_bandage) Cravat (horse) (/wiki/Cravat_(horse)) (1935–1954), an American Thoroughbred racehorse Cravat Regiment (/wiki/Cravat_Regiment) , a guard of honour in Croatia Croats (military unit) (/wiki/Croats_(military_unit)) , 17th-century light cavalry forces also known as Cravats La Cravate , 1957 French short film also known as Les têtes interverties (/wiki/Les_t%C3%AAtes_interverties) Nick Cravat (/wiki/Nick_Cravat) , stage name of American actor and stunt performer Nicholas Cuccia (1912–1994) The Cravats (/wiki/The_Cravats) , an English punk rock band formed in 1977 Yancey and Sabra Cravat, protagonists of the Edna Ferber novel Cimarron (/wiki/Cimarron_(novel)) and its two film adaptations See also [ edit ] Cravath (/wiki/Cravath) , surname Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation (/wiki/Help:Disambiguation) page lists articles associated with the title Cravat . If an internal link (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Cravat&namespace=0) led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐f644f8f9b‐blmsx Cached time: 20240716131423 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.094 seconds Real time usage: 0.217 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2525/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3765/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1096/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 471/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1092406/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 201.983 1 Template:Disambig 100.00% 201.983 1 -total 63.34% 127.943 1 Template:Dmbox 44.74% 90.369 1 Template:Namespace_detect 21.79% 44.004 1 Template:Disambiguation_page_short_description 20.83% 42.068 1 Template:Short_description 19.16% 38.703 4 Template:Main_other 8.75% 17.674 1 Template:Category_handler 8.16% 16.491 1 Template:SDcat 8.14% 16.434 10 Template:Disambiguation/cat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42980570-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716131423 and revision id 1148662215. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cravat&oldid=1148662215 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cravat&oldid=1148662215) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages) Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All article disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_article_disambiguation_pages) All disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_disambiguation_pages)
Armenian fashion brand SINOIAN SINOIAN \| More than fashion Product type Ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Clothing Accessories Owner Emin Bolbolian Country Germany (/wiki/Germany) Introduced 2013 Markets Worldwide Tagline More than fashion Website www (http://www.sinoian.com) .sinoian (http://www.sinoian.com) .com (http://www.sinoian.com) SINOIAN is an Armenian fashion brand established in Germany in 2013. It is the first and only brand of its kind focussing on creating high-end ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) fashion based on Armenian (/wiki/Armenia) design elements. [1] (#cite_note-WZ-1) Notable celebrities who have worn SINOIAN clothing in public or got to know the brand include Charles Aznavour (/wiki/Charles_Aznavour) , Ontronik Khachaturian (/wiki/Ontronik_Khachaturian) , Genealogy (/wiki/Genealogy_(band)) , Vahe Tilbian (/wiki/Vahe_Tilbian) , Armenchik (/wiki/Armenchik) , Lilit Hovhannisyan (/wiki/Lilit_Hovhannisyan) and Vahe Berberian (/wiki/Vahe_Berberian) . [2] (#cite_note-2) SINOIAN has created and established the abbreviation "YRVN" for Armenia's capital Yerevan (/wiki/Yerevan) through its fashion pieces. [3] (#cite_note-agos-3) History [ edit ] The brand was founded by Armenian designer Emin Bolbolian who was born in Wuppertal (/wiki/Wuppertal) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) . [1] (#cite_note-WZ-1) Bolbolian graduated from the renowned Folkwang University of the Arts (/wiki/Folkwang_University_of_the_Arts) and came up with the idea of a modern Armenian themed ready-to-wear fashion brand in early 2012. [3] (#cite_note-agos-3) SINOIAN designs visually combine traditional cultural (/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia) design elements of the Armenian (/wiki/Armenians) nation with modern fashion trends; with a fresh, contemporary feel. The brand stands for quality, style and class and is a fashion label that extends beyond aesthetics by combining tradition, fashion and art. SINOIAN appeals to the conscience of the people. At a time when nations are growing apart from each other SINOIAN is building a bridge between tradition and the modern age. [1] (#cite_note-WZ-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Eurovision [ edit ] In May 2015 SINOIAN was chosen to represent Armenia at the first-ever Eurovision (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015) fashion show "Fashion For Europe" in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The SINOIAN fashion house successfully presented eight pieces of its new collection during the show. Other participants were amongst others Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) for Germany, Galia Lahav (/wiki/Galia_Lahav) for Israel, Ivana Helsinki (/wiki/Ivana_Helsinki) for Finland, Agnesa Vuthaj fashion for Albania, Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) for Italy and more. [8] (#cite_note-8) The fashion show was televised and attracted up to 10.000 visitors. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Collaboration [ edit ] In an exclusive collaboration with renowned Armenian artist Sevada Grigoryan (/wiki/Sevada_Grigoryan) his paintings have become fashion pieces for the very first time. [11] (#cite_note-11) The "Sevada Collection" by SINOIAN is based on the paintings of Sevada Grigoryan. The collection consists of six designer T-shirts, both for women and men. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Wuppertaler Mode punktet in Wien (http://www.wz.de/lokales/wuppertal/wuppertaler-mode-punktet-in-wien-1.1948025) . Westdeutsche Zeitung (/wiki/Westdeutsche_Zeitung) . June 7, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Gallery: Celebrities Wearing SINOIAN (http://www.sinoian.com/en/celebrities) . Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ Jump up to: a b Ermeni kültürünün modayla buluşma noktası: SINOIAN (http://www.agos.com.tr/tr/yazi/10201/ermeni-kulturunun-modayla-bulusma-noktasi-sinoian) . Agos (/wiki/Agos) . January 9, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Be Armenian Be Alive 100Lives Humanitarian Foundation (http://issuu.com/garenmarcarian/docs/125_small__1_/48?e=11568724/11839406) . Armenia TourInfo, Vol.13/125. p. 48. March 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Song Contest: Die Party hat begonnen (http://wien.orf.at/news/stories/2711485/) . ORF (broadcaster) (/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)) . May 18, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) FASHION FOR EUROPE: BEST OF DESIGNER (http://wienerin.at/home/diva/divafashion/4731081/Fashion-for-Europe_Best-of-Designer?_vl_backlink=/home/diva/divafashion/4730767/index.do&direct=4730767&index=2) . DIVA Magazine. Retrieved December 12, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) «Եվրատեսիլ 2015». հայկական SINOIAN նորաձեւության տունը՝ «Fashion for Europe» շքեղ շոուին Վիեննայում (http://style.news.am/arm/news/22302/evratesil-2015-haykakan-sinoian-noradzevutyan-tuny-fashion-for-europe-shqex-shouin-viennayum.html) . NEWS.am Style. May 19, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) WIENERIN VIP Fashion for Europe (http://wienerin.at/home/gewinnen/4704610/Fashion-for-Europe) . WIENERIN Magazine. April 20, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fashion For Europe (http://fashionforeurope.com/) . Retrieved January 3, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Fashion for Europe in Wien (http://www.textilzeitung.at/news/detail/fashion-for-europe-in-wien.html) . textilzeitung.at. Retrieved January 3, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-11) SEVADA T-shirts by SINOIAN (http://www.sevada.am/art-t-shirts/) . Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Women's fashion pieces of the "Sevada Collection" by Armenian fashion brand SINOIAN (http://www.sinoian.com/en/women/sevada-collection/) . Retrieved December 10, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Men's fashion pieces of the "Sevada Collection" by Armenian fashion brand SINOIAN (http://www.sinoian.com/en/men/sevada-collection/) . Retrieved December 12, 2015. External links [ edit ] SINOIAN homepage (http://www.sinoian.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7b54979676‐6dphw Cached time: 20240716090713 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.185 seconds Real time usage: 0.260 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 722/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6032/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 990/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9167/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.072/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1556542/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 203.669 1 -total 43.38% 88.357 1 Template:Short_description 37.82% 77.024 1 Template:Infobox_brand 35.57% 72.437 1 Template:Infobox 24.25% 49.387 2 Template:Pagetype 12.98% 26.438 5 Template:Main_other 11.67% 23.764 1 Template:SDcat 7.78% 15.841 1 Template:Reflist 6.33% 12.892 1 Template:Startplainlist 6.11% 12.452 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48820078-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716090713 and revision id 1224671136. 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Submission declined on 13 September 2018 by Kpgjhpjm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kpgjhpjm) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Kpgjhpjm) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability#General_notability_guideline) (not just passing mentions about the subject) reliable secondary independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Paper+collar%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Paper+collar%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Paper+collar%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Paper+collar%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Paper+collar%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Paper+collar%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Paper+collar%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Paper+collar%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Paper_collar) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Paper_collar&defaults=y) Declined by Kpgjhpjm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kpgjhpjm) 5 years ago. Last edited by Jodi.a.schneider (/wiki/User:Jodi.a.schneider) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jodi.a.schneider&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: still needs writing DGG (/wiki/User:DGG) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:DGG) ) 05:56, 26 June 2021 (UTC) Comment: has refs, needs text DGG (/wiki/User:DGG) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:DGG) ) 06:29, 23 September 2020 (UTC) A paper collar is a kind of detachable collar (/wiki/Detachable_collar) . Other materials used were linen, rubber, or celluloid (/wiki/Celluloid) . Paper collars replaced cloth collars and were popular from the 1860s through the first half of the 1900s. Manufacture [ edit ] TODO Advertising [ edit ] References [ edit ] Paper collars and their manufacture [ edit ] Bishop, J. Leander. “Lockwood’s Paper Collar Manufactory.” In A History of American Manufactures, from 1608 to 1860, vol. 3, 61–64. Philadelphia: E. Young, 1868. Kibel, Jennifer Feingold. “Pulp Fashion: The History of Patented Paper Clothing.” M.A. thesis, Fashion Institute of Technology, 1998. “Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Paper Collars, Cuffs, &c.—How They are Made.” New York Times, 20 July 1866. Union Paper Collar Co. v. Van Dusen. 90 U.S. 530 (1874). The Last Paper Collar Factory in the Country: University Sold Its Stock In Cambridge Company (https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1956/11/30/the-last-paper-collar-factory-in/) By Robert M. Pringle, November 30, 1956. The Harvard Crimson the return of the paper collar (https://www.rootsimple.com/2012/09/the-return-of-the-paper-collar/) Decline of the Paper Collar (http://www.victorianpassage.com/2006/03/decline_of_the_paper_collar/) March 1, 2006 "off the cuff" (http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4130) - paper collars & paper cuffs Records of paper collar manufacturers (https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/11/resources/7400) Harvard archives COLLECTION Identifier: Mss:456 1854-1869 R311. "Cotton rags were used to produce paper collars and cuffs, which gave them more strength and durability. Both the Eagle Mill and the Glen Paper Collar Co. used cotton rags for the production of collars until they went out of style and the supply of cotton was cut off in the Civil War." History Lesson: Saratoga County, Ballston Spa and Milton once home to dozens of paper mills (http://www.saratogian.com/article/ST/20110320/NEWS/303209994) Saratogian News. Published March 20, 2011 " A written article explaining the process of the paper collars being made." Pages 634 - 640. The Daily Graphic, New York City, Thursday, January 28, 1875 https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/archive/F2156C36-61D1-4342-8926-405971807559 (https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/archive/F2156C36-61D1-4342-8926-405971807559) Brooks Brothers (https://magazine.brooksbrothers.com/detachable-collars/) on detachable collars more generally Overall history [ edit ] Colle, Doriece. Collars, Stocks, Cravats: A History and Costume Dating Guide to Civilian Men’s Neckpieces, 1655–1900. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, 1972. Gordon, Jennifer Farley, and Colleen Hill. Sustainable Fashion: Past, Present, and Future. New York: Bloomsbury, 2014. Turbin, Carole. “Collars and Consumers: Changing Images of American Manliness and Business.” Enterprise and Society 1 (2000): 507–35. Murphy, Michael John, White collared: fashioning masculinity in American visual culture, Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis) , Dept. of Art History and Archaeology, 2006. https://spokane.wustl.edu/record=b3354450~S2 (https://spokane.wustl.edu/record=b3354450~S2) Advertising [ edit ] Advertising the 19th Century Detachable Collar (https://library.wustl.edu/advertising-19th-century-detachable-collar/) , Maria Dorfman, 2017 January 3. See also [ edit ] History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Designation of workers by collar color (/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color) Collar_(clothing) (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) Category:Neckties (/wiki/Category:Neckties) Category:History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐wx8zz Cached time: 20240719052741 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.200 seconds Real time usage: 0.334 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1306/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 82618/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6869/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5581/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.082/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2424487/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 293.763 1 -total 96.34% 282.998 1 Template:AFC_submission 91.56% 268.962 1 Template:AfC_submission/declined 89.27% 262.250 1 Template:Ombox 52.96% 155.573 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 52.05% 152.909 4 Template:Hidden 30.55% 89.749 1 Template:Find_sources 24.53% 72.049 1 Template:Find_sources/top_proj 22.23% 65.295 1 Template:Find_sources/proj/is_med 22.19% 65.177 4 Template:Find_page_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57002989-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719052741 and revision id 1217132878. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐8459554c86‐5gjst Cached time: 20240722105136 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44474126-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722105136 and revision id 667359917. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. R Clothing retailers of Nigeria (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Nigeria) ‎ (4 P) Pages in category "Clothing companies of Nigeria" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . F Freak Vault Clothing (/wiki/Freak_Vault_Clothing) H Hoodies and Stones Clothing (/wiki/Hoodies_and_Stones_Clothing) R Ruff 'n' Tumble (clothing) (/wiki/Ruff_%27n%27_Tumble_(clothing)) T TWIF Clothing (/wiki/TWIF_Clothing) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Nigeria&oldid=667359917 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Nigeria&oldid=667359917) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_country) Companies of Nigeria by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Nigeria_by_industry) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_fashion)
Manchu platform shoes Shoes for a Manchu noblewoman, China, Qing dynasty, mid-1800s AD, silk, wood; from the Textile Museum, George Washington University Manchu platform shoes refers to the traditional high platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) worn by Manchu women (/wiki/Manchu_people) which appeared in the early Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) and continued to be worn even in the late Qing dynasty. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) It is a type of Qixie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 旗鞋 ; lit. ' Manchu (/wiki/Manchu_people) shoes (/wiki/Shoes) '), Manchu shoes, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) which forms part of the Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) , the traditional attire of the Manchu people. Depending on its styles of its, the Manchu platform shoes could be classified as gaodixie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 高底鞋 ), which were high-heeled shoes (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) , and yuanbaodi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 元宝底 ), which were typically low-heeled shoes. The gaodixie could be further divided into the huapenxie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 花盆鞋 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : huāpénxié ; lit. 'flowerpot shoes'), also known as huapendi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 花盆底 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : huāpéndǐ ), huapendixie ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 花盆底鞋 ) [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) or commonly referred as flowerpot (/wiki/Flowerpot) shoes in English, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) and the matixie ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 馬蹄鞋 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : mǎtí xié ; lit. 'horsehoof shoes'), also known as matidixie ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 馬蹄底鞋 ), [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) which is commonly referred as horse hoof-tread shoes [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) or horse (/wiki/Horse) - hoof (/wiki/Hoof) shoes [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) in English. Construction and design [ edit ] Manchu Woman's matixie ; the upper region is made of fabric while the lower region is made of wood. Materials [ edit ] The lower portion of the shoe was a high platform heel which was made out of wood while the upper portion shoe was made of fabric. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The sole was padded with several layers of cotton which could have allowed the shoes to be worn indoor or only when there were special events. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The right and the left were interchangeable. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Shapes [ edit ] The huapenxie was in the shape of flowerpot. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The shoe had thick soles which would reduce in thickness at the toe and the heel regions. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) The matixie was horse-hoof in shape. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The shoes were elevated with a piece of wood with concave (/wiki/Lens) sides which were attached to the soles of the shoe. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) History [ edit ] See also: Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Making shoes out of wood has been a tradition craft by the ancestors of the Manchu. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) According to folk stories, the thick-soled shoe first appeared when a goddess decided to keep off insects and dust when she faced a situation where she had to walk in the mud. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Another legend associate the creation of the platform shoes to Princess Duoluo Ganzhu who ordered her soldiers to use wooden stilts (/wiki/Stilts) to cross the marshes; this invention allowed the soldiers to launch a surprise attack and to win their capital back. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Since then, Manchu women wore the high, stilt-like platform shoes. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) When the Manchu (/wiki/Manchu_people) conquered China in the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , they forbade Manchu women from binding their feet like the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women. [4] (#cite_note-4) It is sometimes suggested that the Manchu platforms shoes were used to imitate the gait (/wiki/Gait) of the Han Chinese women with bound feet. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) However, it is also suggested that the use of high platform shoes is not influenced by the Han Chinese but the results of the living conditions adaptation in the Northeast regions. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) In the early Qing dynasty, both the huapenxie and the matixie appeared. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In the mid 19th century, the Manchu women's set of attire was composed of the high platform shoe, the Manchu robe (/wiki/Qizhuang) , and the liangbatou (/wiki/Liangbatou) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In the late Qing dynasty, Manchu (/wiki/Manchu_people) women eventually did practice some kind of loose foot binding, called liutiaojiao ( lit. ' willow (/wiki/Willow) branch (/wiki/Branch) feet (/wiki/Feet) ') for a short duration of time (only 1 month) in order to compress the feet in a narrow, knife-like shape under the influence of the Han Chinese. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Gallery [ edit ] See also [ edit ] Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Chinese clothing (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Liangbatou (/wiki/Liangbatou) Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) – Manchu clothing References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Manchu Shoes and Chromatic Plumes on the Head" (http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/28/content_29329.htm) . en.chinaculture.org . Retrieved 2021-07-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Shepherd, John Robert (2018). Footbinding as fashion : ethnicity, labor, and status in traditional China (First ed.). Seattle, Washington. pp. 144–145. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74442-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1040076055 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040076055) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Victoria and Albert Museum, Digital Media (2011-05-26). "Manchu horse-hoof shoes: Footwear and cultural identity" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/research-journal/issue-02/manchu-horse-hoof-shoes-footwear-and-cultural-identity/) . www.vam.ac.uk . Retrieved 2021-07-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Manchu Platform Shoes" (https://www.sarajo.com/product/manchu-platform-shoes/) . Sarajo . Retrieved 2021-07-30 . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving 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A typical sauna suit A sauna suit is a garment (/wiki/Garment) made from waterproof fabric (/wiki/Waterproof_fabric) designed to make the wearer sweat (/wiki/Sweating) profusely during exercise. [1] (#cite_note-1) A sauna suit is sometimes called a "rubber suit" because the early types were made of rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) or rubberized cloth. Now, sauna suits are typically made of PVC (/wiki/PVC) or coated nylon (/wiki/Nylon) cloth. The construction is typically in the style of a waterproof sweat suit (/wiki/Tracksuit) , consisting of a pullover jacket and drawstring pants (/wiki/Drawstring_pants) . The closures at waist, neck, wrists and ankles are all elasticated to help retain body heat and moisture within the garment. In some sauna suits, the jacket also includes a hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) to provide additional retention of body heat. Use in athletics [ edit ] Sauna suits have been used by wrestlers for the rapid loss of water weight by perspiration (/wiki/Perspiration) -induced dehydration (/wiki/Dehydration) . Several healthy collegiate-level wrestlers died from hyperthermia (/wiki/Hyperthermia) while undergoing such a regimen that included restricted diet and fluid intake. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Notable cases of serious death or injury as a result of sauna suits in athletics include: Jeff Reese, a University of Michigan (/wiki/University_of_Michigan) wrestler who died of heart malfunction and kidney failure (/wiki/Kidney_failure) in 1997 in an attempt to rapidly lose 17 lbs in order to compete in a lower weight class [4] (#cite_note-4) Joseph LaRosa, a University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93La_Crosse) wrestler who died of heat stroke (/wiki/Heat_stroke) in 1997, also in an attempt to compete in the 150-lbs weight class [5] (#cite_note-5) Billy Jack Saylor, a Campbell University (/wiki/Campbell_University) wrestler who died of a heart attack (/wiki/Heart_attack) in 1997 while trying to lose 6 lbs for a meet [6] (#cite_note-6) Jamie Weaver, a Spackenkill High School (/wiki/Spackenkill_High_School) student who contracted pneumonia in 1986 as a result of consistent sauna suit use in practice [7] (#cite_note-7) Daniel Cormier (/wiki/Daniel_Cormier) , captain of the United States Olympic freestyle wrestling team for the 2008 Beijing Olympics (/wiki/2008_Beijing_Olympics) , who lost so much weight from sauna suits that he had to drop out of the competition prior due to falling ill [8] (#cite_note-8) Jessica Lindsay, a Muay Thai (/wiki/Muay_Thai) fighter who died from multiple organ failure during a match due to sauna suit-induced hyperthermia after being pressured to cut 17 lbs in a week [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1977, the National Federation of State High School Associations (/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations) , a sports governing body in the United States, implemented a rule that prohibited the use of sauna suits and suits made of similar materials for sports practice due to health concerns. [10] (#cite_note-10) The NCAA (/wiki/NCAA) banned the use of sauna suits in 2013 ending what they called "a 10-year long dispute between sports sciences and coaches" after the wrestlers died. The NCAA said the ban ushered in an era where safe minimum weights, class qualification and nutrition (/wiki/Sports_nutrition) are guided by science, which some enthusiasts say improved the participation and quality of the sport. [11] (#cite_note-ncaa-11) Additionally, a 2022 study by the British Journal of Sports Medicine (/wiki/British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine) found that wrestlers who participated in perspiration-induced dehydration were more at-risk for injuries during competition than those who didn't. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sportswear (activewear) (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "How to Dress for Water Aerobics" (https://www.sportsrec.com/dress-water-aerobics-2047755.html) . SportsRec . Retrieved August 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hyperthermia and Dehydration-Related Deaths Associated with Intentional Rapid Weight Loss in Three Collegiate Wrestlers -- North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051388.htm) . www.cdc.gov . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) LITSKY, FRANK (December 19, 1997). "WRESTLING; Collegiate Wrestling Deaths Raise Fears About Training" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091231154549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/sports/wrestling-collegiate-wrestling-deaths-raise-fears-about-training.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/sports/wrestling-collegiate-wrestling-deaths-raise-fears-about-training.html) on December 31, 2009 . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Zuke, Ryan (March 1, 2018). "Wrestling has come a long way since 3 weight-loss related deaths in 1997" (https://www.mlive.com/sports/2018/03/wrestling_has_come_a_long_way.html) . mlive . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Knight, Athelia (December 18, 1997). "WEIGHT-LOSS METHODS PROBED AFTER 3 COLLEGE WRESTLERS DIE" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1997/12/18/weight-loss-methods-probed-after-3-college-wrestlers-die/3dcb7763-8491-4b8f-bac6-6991b2ef64b2/) . WaPo . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hanley, Reid (December 12, 1997). "COACHES WRESTLE WITH 3 DEATHS" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-12-12-9712120070-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Scholastic wrestlers find alternatives to extreme measures of shedding pounds" (https://usatodayhss.com/2013/scholastic-wrestlers-find-alternatives-to-extreme-measures-of-shedding-pounds) . USA TODAY High School Sports . February 23, 2013 . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Register, Landon Hall \| Orange County (March 28, 2013). "RetroFit: the sauna suit, a bad idea then as now" (https://www.ocregister.com/2013/03/28/retrofit-the-sauna-suit-a-bad-idea-then-as-now/) . Orange County Register . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) CarlsonStudent, Ollie (March 11, 2020). "Jessica Lindsay inquest confirms teenager's death due to extreme weight cut prior to Muay Thai bout" (https://thebodylockmma.com/other/jessica-lindsay-inquest-confirms-teenagers-death-due-to-extreme-weight-cut-prior-to-muay-thai-bout/) . thebodylockmma.com . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Why are sauna suits outlawed by the Ohio High School Athletic Association?" (https://www.wtol.com/article/news/local/why-are-sauna-suits-outlawed-for-wrestlers/512-c8fe6e3f-3336-429b-a9c8-3f10c5c412c8) . wtol.com . February 7, 2020 . Retrieved July 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ncaa_11-0) Brian Hendrickson (October 9, 2013). "Wrestling Away From a Troubled Past" (https://www.ncaa.org/champion/wrestling-away-troubled-past) . NCAA. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hammer, Erin; Sanfilippo, Jennifer L.; Johnson, Gary; Hetzel, Scott (February 1, 2023). "Association of in-competition injury risk and the degree of rapid weight cutting prior to competition in division I collegiate wrestlers" (https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/3/160) . British Journal of Sports Medicine . 57 (3): 160–165. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105760 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsports-2022-105760) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0306-3674 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3674) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 36261252 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36261252) . 13. Sauna Suits Pro [1] (https://saunasuitpro.com) used by Conor McGregor on 2019 in Ireland training Campaign NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6464cf4f7‐jw7zh Cached time: 20240708111451 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.202 seconds Real time usage: 0.248 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 705/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23735/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 253/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46687/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.121/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4546620/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 212.818 1 -total 70.02% 149.008 1 Template:Reflist 55.20% 117.485 11 Template:Cite_web 15.06% 32.047 1 Template:Mdy 12.19% 25.952 1 Template:Portal 5.28% 11.247 1 Template:DMCA 4.41% 9.390 1 Template:Cite_journal 3.91% 8.314 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 2.54% 5.408 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 1.80% 3.840 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27100432-0!canonical and timestamp 20240708111451 and revision id 1233304068. 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Uzbek model Nigina Fakhriddinova Born ( 1999-06-15 ) June 15, 1999 (age 25) Navoiy (/wiki/Navoiy) , Uzbekistan Occupation(s) Beauty pageant, titleholder, actress, model, television personality Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) Miss Uzbekistan 2019, 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Uzbekistan) Fashion Model CIS (Central Asian Countries) 2018 Top Model Friendship 2018 Miss Intercontinental Uzbekistan 2019 Miss International Uzbekistan 2020/21 Agency Panterra Models Hair color dark brown Eye color green Nigina Fakhriddinova ( uzb (/wiki/Uzbek_language) : Nigina Faxriddinova, ру (/wiki/Russian_language) :Фахриддинова, Нигина Тимуровна, born June 15, 1999) - is an Uzbekistani (/wiki/Uzbekistani) actress, model and a beauty pageant titleholder from Uzbekistan (/wiki/Uzbekistan) who was crowned Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) and winner of Miss Uzbekistan (/wiki/Miss_Uzbekistan) 2019 and 2022. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Nigina Fakhriddinova was born in Navoiy, Uzbekistan. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2015, she graduated from School No. 8 in Navoi (/wiki/Navoiy) , Uzbekistan (/wiki/Uzbekistan) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Then she studied at college, has a specialized secondary education in computer engineering. After secondary graduation she started her modeling career in Tashkent. [6] (#cite_note-6) Pageantry [ edit ] In 2017, participant of the project "BBC Fashion Show 2017". In 2018, she participated in the contest "Top model of the CIS(Central Asian Countries)-2018". [7] (#cite_note-7) She has obtained among all the participants Award in two categories at once — Fashion Model 2018 and Top model Friendship. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2018, Nigina also took part in the "Sugar Plum Fashion Show Ramadan 2018" and "Tashkent Fashion Week 2018". In 2019, she participated in the Miss Intercontinental contest, becoming the first supermodel representing Uzbekistan. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In the same year she worked on the catwalks: "Fashion Week in Tajikistan 2019", [12] (#cite_note-12) "Uzbekistan Fashion Show 2019", "Nariman Grigoryan Fashion Show 2019", "Aspara Fashion Week 2019". In 2020, she represented in the fashion show "Art by Sofia 2020", "Silk Road Festival 2020", "Nafisa Imranova Fashion Show 2020".. Nigina represented Uzbekistan for the first time in the international beauty contest " Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) ", which was originally scheduled for 2020, but due to the COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) pandemic was postponed. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Awards [ edit ] Fashion Model CIS (Central Asian Countries) 2018 Top Model Friendship 2018 Miss Intercontinental Uzbekistan 2019 [15] (#cite_note-15) Miss International Uzbekistan 2020/21 [16] (#cite_note-16) Miss Uzbekistan 2019 Miss Uzbekistan 2022 She has been ranked in the TOP 8 models of Uzbekistan, in the TOP 40 of the most famous Uzbekistani in the world, as well as in the TOP 8 most beautiful models from Central Asia. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The representative of Uzbekistan won a prize in the "Miss International-2022" contest" (https://qalampir.uz/) . Qalampir.uz . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Впервые в истории узбекская модель примет участие на «Miss International 2021» – Peoplenews.uz" (https://peoplenews.uz/devushka-iz-uzbekistana-vpervye-predstavit-stranu-na-miss-international-2021) . peoplenews.uz . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mag, The (2018-10-23). "Нигина Фахриддинова: скромность – залог успеха • TheMag.uz" (https://themag.uz/post/nigina-fahriddinova-skromnost-zalog-uspeha) . TheMag.uz (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) " (https://daryo.uz/2023/05/17/ozimni-3-marta-oldirmoqchi-bolganman-mashhur-model-nigina-faxriddinova-ogay-otasi-sabab-joniga-qasd-qilishga-uringani-operatsiyadan-keyin-xotirasi-sustlashgani-haqida-gapirdi-video) "O'zimni 3 marta o'ldirmoqchi bo'lganman". Taniqli model Nigina Faxriddinova o'gay otaning zulmiga uchragani hamda og'ir operatsiyani boshdan kechirgani haqida" (https://daryo.uz/2023/05/17/ozimni-3-marta-oldirmoqchi-bolganman-mashhur-model-nigina-faxriddinova-ogay-otasi-sabab-joniga-qasd-qilishga-uringani-operatsiyadan-keyin-xotirasi-sustlashgani-haqida-gapirdi-video) . Daryo.uz (in Uzbek (Latin script)) . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Мисс Узбекистана Нигина Фахриддинова: каждый может изменить свою жизнь - Kultura.uz" (https://www.kultura.uz/view_8_r_16874.html) . www.kultura.uz . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Мисс Узбекистана Нигина Фахриддинова: каждый может изменить свою жизнь - Kultura.uz" (https://www.kultura.uz/view_8_r_16874.html) . www.kultura.uz . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "8 most beautiful models from Central Asia that glorify countries abroad" (https://weproject.media/en/articles/detail/8-most-beautiful-models-from-central-asia-that-glorify-countries-abroad/) . weproject.media (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mag, The (2018-10-23). "Нигина Фахриддинова: скромность – залог успеха • TheMag.uz" (https://themag.uz/post/nigina-fahriddinova-skromnost-zalog-uspeha) . TheMag.uz (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Intercontinental, Miss. "Miss Intercontinental Uzbekistan 2019–Nigina Fakhriddinova" (https://www.missintercontinental.de/models/miss-intercontinental-uzbekistan-2019-nigina-fakhriddinova/) . Miss Intercontinental . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Miss Intercontinental—2019: Nigina Fahriddinova go'zallik tanlovining finaliga tayyorgarlik ko'rmoqda (foto)" (http://daryo.uz/2019/07/21/miss-intercontinental-2019-nigina-fahriddinova-gozallik-tanlovining-finaliga-tayyorgarlik-kormoqda-foto) . Daryo.uz (in Uzbek (Latin script)) . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Узбекистан впервые примет участие в одном из крупнейших международных конкурсов красоты Miss International" (https://uznews.uz/posts/2274) . uznews.uz (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Successful female models from Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan" (https://weproject.media/en/articles/detail/successful-female-models-from-central-asia-of-transcaucasia-bashkortostan-and-tatarstan/) . weproject.media (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Hannah Arnold's 'Pamana' National Costume makes Top 8 at Miss International 2022" (https://philstarlife.com/style/617286-hannah-arnold-national-costume-top-8-miss-international-2022?) . Philstar Life . Retrieved 2023-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) " (https://qalampir.uz/) "Miss International-2022" tanlovida O'zbekiston vakili sovrindor bo'ldi" (https://qalampir.uz/) . Qalampir.uz (in Uzbek) . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Aniq.uz (2019-12-09). " (https://aniq.uz/yangiliklar/miss-intercontinental-da-uzbekiston-sharafini-20-yoshli-nigina-faxriddinova-himoya-qiladi-foto-video) "Miss Intercontinental"да Ўзбекистон шарафини 20 ёшли Нигина Фахриддинова ҳимоя қилади (фото, видео)" (https://aniq.uz/yangiliklar/miss-intercontinental-da-uzbekiston-sharafini-20-yoshli-nigina-faxriddinova-himoya-qiladi-foto-video) . Aniq.uz (in Uzbek) . Retrieved 2023-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "«До сих пор шок»: узбекская модель впервые в истории победила в фотоконкурсе на Miss International – 2021 – Peoplenews.uz" (https://peoplenews.uz/do-sih-por-shok-uzbekskaya-model-vpervye-v-istorii-pobedila-v-fotokonkurse-na-miss-international-2021) . peoplenews.uz . Retrieved 2023-07-26 . External links [ edit ] Official Miss International website (https://www.miss-international.org) Awards and achievements Preceded by Nguyễn Tường San Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) Succeeded by Preceded by Mohigul Arslonova Miss Uzbekistan (/wiki/Miss_Uzbekistan) 2022 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Uzbekistan_2022&action=edit&redlink=1) Succeeded by NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐8zxtd Cached time: 20240623124325 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.379 seconds Real time usage: 0.506 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3574/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48719/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5995/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 65277/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.259/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9764573/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 473.655 1 -total 38.86% 184.051 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 32.51% 153.992 1 Template:Reflist 28.43% 134.679 16 Template:Cite_web 13.95% 66.086 1 Template:Short_description 8.04% 38.083 26 Template:Main_other 7.77% 36.812 2 Template:Pagetype 7.55% 35.769 1 Template:Infobox 6.29% 29.788 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 6.07% 28.755 1 Template:Height Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74402576-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623124325 and revision id 1219733036. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigina_Fakhriddinova&oldid=1219733036 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigina_Fakhriddinova&oldid=1219733036) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1999 births (/wiki/Category:1999_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Miss International winners (/wiki/Category:Miss_International_winners) Miss International 2021 delegates (/wiki/Category:Miss_International_2021_delegates) Hidden categories: CS1 Russian-language sources (ru) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)) CS1 Uzbek (Latin script)-language sources (uz-latn) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Uzbek_(Latin_script)-language_sources_(uz-latn)) CS1 Uzbek-language sources (uz) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Uzbek-language_sources_(uz)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Pages using small with an empty input parameter (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_small_with_an_empty_input_parameter)
Washington Shoe Company Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Founded January 24, 1891 ; 133 years ago ( 1891-01-24 ) in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , Washington Founders T.J. Thorsen (VP and GM) L.B. Allain (president) G.M. Barber (secretary) Brands Western Chief Chooka Staheekum Washington Shoe Company , is a manufacturer of rain boots, rain gear, work boots, snow boots, and slippers. It was founded in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , Washington, in 1891. Washington Shoe Company is a fourth-generation family owned and operated business. The manufacturer is known for its Western Chief brand of boots for men, women, and kids. The company also makes women's fashion focused waterproof boots under the Chooka brand and plush slippers for men and women under the Staheekum brand. History [ edit ] Founded in Seattle on January 24, 1891 by T.J. Thorsen (Vice President and General Manager), L.B. Allain (President), and G.M. Barber (Secretary). It was Seattle's first shoe company, making boots and shoes for outdoor workers with more of a demand for the Alaska Gold Rush in 1898. Boots were made under the name, Western Chief. In 1911, Henry Moehring joined the company, buying out his remaining partners when T.J. Thorsen died. In 1928, it was one of five shoe manufacturers in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) whose workers went on strike, upon their rejecting a pay cut upheld by a state board. [1] (#cite_note-nyt1928-1) In 1957, brothers Norm and Robert Moehring took over the company from their father, Henry Moehring. In 1974, Rob (son of Robert Moehring) joined the family business. In 1990, Rob acquired the company from his father and uncle, refocusing on rubber boots under the Western Chief brand. Then in 1991, Rob's son Mark Moehring joined the family business. In 1996, the company moved from Seattle to Renton, WA. The company introduced 3D character boots for kids. Sheepskin slippers were added under the name Staheekum. In 2001, due to new technology, women's and kids' rubber rain boots debuted a range of novelty printed boots. The company relocated to Kent, WA. In 2002, Chooka sheepskin boots were launched, evolving into women's fashion-forward rubber boots. Rob Moehring's son, Karl Moehring joined the family business. In 2015, Karl Moehring took over the company from his father, Rob, and now serves as CEO. Rob Moehring assumed the role of Chairman. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2016, Washington Shoe Company celebrated its 125th anniversary. [3] (#cite_note-3) Copyright court case [ edit ] A significant Ninth Circuit (/wiki/Ninth_Circuit) U.S. appeals court ruling, Washington Shoe Co. v. A-Z Sporting Goods Inc., was decided in 2012. It established the right of a company to sue in its home jurisdiction on copyright infringement claims that would not previously have been allowed. [4] (#cite_note-seattlepi2013-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-morgan-6) Washington Shoe Company Building [ edit ] The firm's Pioneer Square, Seattle (/wiki/Pioneer_Square,_Seattle) building at 159 Jackson Street is included in a historic district and has been redeveloped. Some controversy in the redevelopment was in the news in 2000. [7] (#cite_note-nyt2000-7) Zynga (/wiki/Zynga) became a tenant in 2011. [8] (#cite_note-zyngapicks-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-nyt1928_1-0) "500 IN LYNN SHOE STRIKE.; Workers in Five Plants Reject Pay Cut Upheld by State Board". New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . November 21, 1928. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Changing of the Guard" (http://footwearplusmagazine.com/2016/02/qa/changing-of-the-guard/) . February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Boot-maker-off-on-the-right-foot-washington-shoe" (http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/print-edition/2016/04/22/boot-maker-off-on-the-right-foot-washington-shoe.html) . www.bizjournals.com . April 22, 2016 . Retrieved 2021-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-seattlepi2013_4-0) Timothy McCormack (January 11, 2013). "A Journey of a thousand miles begins with the right pair of shoes: FROM INTERNATIONAL SHOE TO WASHINGTON SHOE, THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION IN COPYRIGHT CLAIMS" (http://blog.seattlepi.com/timothymccormack/2013/01/11/a-journey-of-a-thousand-miles-begins-with-the-right-pair-of-shoes/) . Seattle PI (/wiki/Seattle_PI) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Full text of court decision available at [1] (http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/11-35166-washington-shoe-company-v-a-z-57546/) [2] (http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/11-35166-washington-shoe-company-v-a-z-57546/) ^ (#cite_ref-morgan_6-0) Elisabeth Morgan (February 5, 2013). "Intentional Infringement of Copyright with Knowledge of Copyright Owner's Forum Supports Claim of Personal Jurisdiction" (http://www.natlawreview.com/article/intentional-infringement-copyright-knowledge-copyright-owner-s-forum-supports-claim-) . National Law Review Dot com. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-nyt2000_7-0) Harriet King (August 13, 2000). "In Seattle, a Cobbler's Legacy Is Being Repaired". New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . p. 11.7. ^ (#cite_ref-zyngapicks_8-0) John Cook (March 18, 2011). "Exclusive: Zynga picks historic Pioneer Square building for office" (http://www.geekwire.com/2011/exclusive-zynga-picks-historic-pioneer-square-building-seattle-office/) . External links [ edit ] Washington Shoe Company (http://www.washingtonshoe.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐tx4wc Cached time: 20240623220245 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.230 seconds Real time usage: 0.317 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1460/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17815/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1057/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28790/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.144/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5298088/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 302.085 1 -total 57.20% 172.798 1 Template:Infobox_company 48.51% 146.535 1 Template:Infobox 41.06% 124.047 1 Template:Reflist 29.03% 87.682 3 Template:Cite_news 7.30% 22.063 1 Template:Start_date_and_age 4.98% 15.052 2 Template:Ubl 4.72% 14.252 4 Template:Main_other 3.89% 11.739 1 Template:Time_ago 3.87% 11.680 3 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35331177-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623220245 and revision id 1049562423. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Shoe_Company&oldid=1049562423 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Shoe_Company&oldid=1049562423) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_the_United_States) Companies based in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Lynn,_Massachusetts) Manufacturing companies based in Seattle (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Seattle) American companies established in 1891 (/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1891) Manufacturing companies established in 1891 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1891) 1891 establishments in Washington (state) (/wiki/Category:1891_establishments_in_Washington_(state)) Hidden category: CS1 errors: missing periodical (/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical)
Nigerian filmmaker and model Chika Lann Nationality Nigerian Alma mater University of Geneva (/wiki/University_of_Geneva) Occupation(s) film producer, actress, model, television personality Known for The Millions Chika Lann is a Nigerian filmmaker, actress, former model, and television personality. She is often regarded as a controversial figure over her remarks about cost and maintaining her hairstyle. [1] (#cite_note-1) She made her Nollywood (/wiki/Nollywood) debut as a producer for the 2019 film The Millions . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Chika pursued her higher studies in France and in Switzerland after completing her primary education in Nigeria. She graduated from the University of Geneva (/wiki/University_of_Geneva) and studied image consultancy at Sterling Style Academy. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) After completing her studies, she pursued her career in modeling in Paris. She has modeled for popular designer brand Bretz. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) She then returned to Nigeria to venture into the television industry. She initiated a reality TV show, The Expatriate Wives (/w/index.php?title=The_Expatriate_Wives&action=edit&redlink=1) , which became a successful show in the country. Controversies [ edit ] She has also been sidelined for her controversial remarks on her hairstyle and publicity purposes. In 2018, she became an internet sensation after claiming that she spends and maintains her avant-garde hair for 40 million naira. The comments she made herself were widely criticized on social media and were slammed for her attempting to get attention. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She also received criticism for her attempt to gain publicity after uploading a few videos of her giving a cheque to a sweeper. However, she denied the allegations and revealed that it was the team of filmmakers who persuaded her to upload the videos in order to motivate others to do good things. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "It's not a publicity stunt, my hair is really worth N40m– Chika Lann" (https://punchng.com/its-not-a-publicity-stunt-my-hair-is-really-worth-n40m-chika-lann/) . Punch Newspapers . Retrieved 31 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Chika Lann debuts with 'The Millions' (https://punchng.com/chika-lann-debuts-with-the-millions/) " (https://punchng.com/chika-lann-debuts-with-the-millions/) . Punch Newspapers . Retrieved 31 October 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Augoye, Jayne (28 July 2018). "Why I insist that my hairdo costs N40 million – Model, Chika Lann" (https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/278084-why-i-insist-that-my-hairdo-costs-n40-million-model-chika-lann.html) . Retrieved 31 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Social media buzzes about model Chika Lann's N40m hairstyle" (https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/03/23/social-media-buzzes-about-model-chika-lanns-n40m-hairstyle/) . P.M. News . 23 March 2018 . Retrieved 31 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Augoye, Jayne (28 July 2018). "Why I insist that my hairdo costs N40 million – Model, Chika Lann" (https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/278084-why-i-insist-that-my-hairdo-costs-n40-million-model-chika-lann.html) . Premium Times Nigeria . Retrieved 20 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "I didn't give sweeper money to attract publicity –Chika Lann" (https://punchng.com/i-didnt-give-sweeper-money-to-attract-publicity-chika-lann/) . Punch Newspapers . Retrieved 31 October 2019 . External links [ edit ] Chika Lann (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10958022/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fc6js Cached time: 20240712141257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.286 seconds Real time usage: 0.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2056/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15115/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1448/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24360/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6272510/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 390.266 1 -total 32.84% 128.149 1 Template:Reflist 30.07% 117.335 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.37% 110.709 6 Template:Cite_web 22.12% 86.343 1 Template:Short_description 13.22% 51.607 2 Template:Pagetype 9.90% 38.620 19 Template:Main_other 5.70% 22.231 1 Template:SDcat 5.00% 19.510 1 Template:IMDb_name 4.95% 19.320 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62205768-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712141257 and revision id 1228520459. 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Ancient Jewish headdress Yemenite Jew (/wiki/Yemenite_Jews) wearing a sudra , 1914 The sudra ( Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic) : סודרא‎ suḏārā ; Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : סוּדָר sudār ) is a rectangular piece of cloth that has been worn as a headdress, scarf, or neckerchief in ancient Jewish tradition (/wiki/Jewish_culture) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Over time, it held many different functions and is today sometimes understood to be of great cultural and/or religious significance to Jews (/wiki/Jews) . It is mentioned in various ancient and medieval Jewish and Christian (/wiki/Christianity) religious texts in Aramaic (/wiki/Aramaic) and Koine Greek (/wiki/Koine_Greek) , written in or around the Near East (/wiki/Near_East) . Among them are the Gospel of Luke (/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke) , the Targum Neofiti (/wiki/Targum_Neofiti) , the Peshitta (/wiki/Peshitta) , the Babylonian Talmud (/wiki/Talmud) (this text makes numerous mentions of the sudra and is an important source for the role it played in Jewish life at the time), and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan) . Etymology [ edit ] The English sudra derives from Jewish Aramaic סודרא‎ . It in turn derives from the Ancient Greek (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language) : σουδάριον , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek) : soudárion , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'towel' a borrowing of the pre- Augustan (/wiki/Augustan_literature_(ancient_Rome)) Latin (/wiki/Latin_language) : sūdārium , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'cloth for wiping away sweat, handkerchief', if not directly from Latin. The word originates in Latin, deriving from the adjective (/wiki/Adjective) sūdarius from sūdor and the suffix -ārium meant to denote purpose in this case. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:12-4) [5] (#cite_note-:32-5) The Babylonian Talmud presents what Jastrow calls a " playful etymology (/wiki/Folk_etymology) " of the term as a contraction of Biblical Hebrew (/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language) : ס֣וֹד יְ֭הוָה לִירֵאָ֑יו , romanized: sud ʾadonay (/wiki/Tetragrammaton) lireʾāw , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him', a section of Psalm 25 (/wiki/Psalm_25) :14. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) History [ edit ] Prominence in the ancient Near East [ edit ] The exact historical origins of wearing a piece of cloth (/wiki/Textile) wrapped around one's head are, at the moment, unclear. Some of the earliest examples can be found in artworks from ancient Mesopotamia (/wiki/Mesopotamia) , like statues of statues of Gudea (/wiki/Statues_of_Gudea) wearing a turban (/wiki/Turban) -like garment. [8] (#cite_note-:22-8) Similar headdresses might have been worn back as early as 2600 BCE. These headdresses are often imbued with great historical, religious, and cultural significance in the Near East (/wiki/Near_East) . [9] (#cite_note-9) According to the Irish Professor of Biblical Studies (/wiki/Biblical_studies) John Raymond Bartlett, the Ancient Hebrews (/wiki/Hebrews) also wore pieces of cloth, either fashioned like the kūfīyah (/wiki/Keffiyeh) , a folded up piece of fabric wound around one's head or like a turban or stocking cap (/wiki/Stocking_cap) . [10] (#cite_note-Bartlett19732-10) Statue of Gudea (/wiki/Gudea) wearing a turban (/wiki/Turban) -like garment from c. 2400 BCE [8] (#cite_note-:22-8) In Judea and the Roman Empire [ edit ] The sūdārium was kept much like a pocket handkerchief but mainly used for wiping away sweat, as the name implies. It was a modern invention around the time of Cicero (/wiki/Cicero) when fine- linen (/wiki/Linen) first came to Rome (/wiki/Rome) . In the east of the empire (/wiki/Roman_Empire) , the term was borrowed by Hellenistic writers (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature) as Ancient Greek (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language) : σουδάριον , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek) : soudárion replacing older terms. It can be found in texts dealing with events in Province of Judaea (/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)) like the Gospel of Luke for example, where a servant stores money in a such a cloth. [11] (#cite_note-11) Besides being used to wipe away sweat it was also worn around the neck as a piece of clothing akin to a scarf. In the Latin-speaking empire the term ōrārium came to replace sūdārium during the Augustan age. This piece of cloth when waved in the air also came to be used to signify applause in Rome, replacing the lappet of the toga (/wiki/Toga) used previously for this purpose. Wilhelm Adolf Becker (/wiki/Wilhelm_Adolf_Becker) argues against the use of the sūdārium being used used to wipe one's nose. [4] (#cite_note-:12-4) The sūdārium also came to be part of Roman military armor (/wiki/Ancient_Roman_military_clothing) , commonly called focale (/wiki/Focale) in its function as a neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) to protect against chafing by the armor. [12] (#cite_note-12) This use of the sūdārium in Roman military attire is sometimes seen as precursor of the modern necktie (/wiki/Necktie) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Mesopotamia [ edit ] In the 5th century when the Peshitta (/wiki/Peshitta) was translated, one finds another meaning for "sudra" namely that of a burial cloth (/wiki/Shroud) for example in John 11 (/wiki/John_11) :44 Classical Syriac (/wiki/Classical_Syriac_language) : ܘܰܐܦ݁ܰܘܗ݈ܝ ܐܰܣܺܝܪܳܢ ܒ݁ܣܽܘܕ݂ܳܪܳܐ , romanized: wa-ppaw ᵓasīrān bə-sūḏārā , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'and his face bound in a sudra'. [15] (#cite_note-15) This meaning is reflected in the names of the relics (/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus) of the Sudarium of Oviedo (/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo) and the Sudarium of Veronica (/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Katz, Houtman, and Sysling provide insight as to why a burial cloth, as well as a headdress would be called by the same name. While discussing the meaning of Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : שמיכה , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'blanket', a word mentioned a single time in the Tanakh (/wiki/Hebrew_Bible) in Judges 4:18 (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Judges%204:18&version=nrsv) , ancient scholars from Palestine (/wiki/Palestine_(region)) championed definitions for the obscure term, which define it as a sudra, while those from Babylon champion the definition Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language) : משיכלא , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'cloak'. Thereby elucidating the Palestinian-Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic) use of the term sudra, as a broad term for textile sheets used for coving the bodies of human beings. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Sokoloff corroborates this broader use stating the sudra to have been a "piece of cloth [...] employed to tie and cover a variety of items" apart from a garment. [a] (#cite_note-23) [5] (#cite_note-:32-5) Babylonian Talmud [ edit ] The Babylonian Talmud (/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud) details different Jewish customs surrounding the sudra; for example in tractate Bava Metzia (/wiki/Bava_Metzia) it tells of letting another man touch a sudra, at least 3 finger-widths by 3 finger-widths large, in place of the sandal demanded by Ruth 4:7 (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ruth%204:7&version=nrsv) , for purposes of authorising a transaction. [23] (#cite_note-24) [24] (#cite_note-25) Wajsberg identifies this mention of the sudra as a late addition to the text, being absent from earlier versions and as evidence of Palestinian-Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic) linguistic influence on the Babylonian Talmud. [25] (#cite_note-26) Havlin also observes that some versions of the targum (/wiki/Targum) of the Book of Ruth (/wiki/Book_of_Ruth) 1:17 contain the term. In most versions of the section, in which Naomi (/wiki/Naomi_(biblical_figure)) lists four methods of execution employed by the Jews, the fourth method is stated as 'cruxifixction'. MS De Rossi 31 however deviates from this claim, through what appears to be a scribal correction of what the corrector understood to be a halakhic (/wiki/Halakha) error. It states: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language) : וחניקת סודרה , romanized: uḥniqaṯ suḏrā , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'and suffocation [by means of] sudra' instead of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language) : וצליבת קיסא , romanized: uṣlivaṯ qeysā , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'and crucifixion on wood'. Havil's view of the sudra being a tool for torment an execution in halakhic tradition is based on numerous mentions of this use, such as the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan) ' s translation of Exodus 21 (/wiki/Exodus_21) :16 ( יתקטיל בשינוקא דסודרא‏ ) as well as a section from Avodah Zarah (/wiki/Avodah_Zarah) which states, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic_language) : רמו ליה סודרא בצואריה וקא מצערו ליה , romanized: rmu leh sudrā vṣwāreh uqā mṣaʿʿaru leh , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'They threw a sudra around his neck and tormented him'. [26] (#cite_note-27) [27] (#cite_note-:02-28) [28] (#cite_note-29) [29] (#cite_note-30) [30] (#cite_note-:52-31) Styles [ edit ] The Babylonian Talmud states fashions of wearing the garment, as well as who wore it. Several tractates thereof describe it as being wrapped around one's head. [5] (#cite_note-:32-5) [31] (#cite_note-32) Berakhot (/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)) 60b:5 additionally provides a prayer to be recited upon attiring the garment in this fashion ברוך ... עוטר ישראל בתפארה . [32] (#cite_note-33) Sudra worn around body and neck Another fashion of wear mentioned therein is wearing the sudra around one's neck, Marcus Jastrow (/wiki/Marcus_Jastrow) suggests that it also had been worn over one's arms. The Orach Chayim (/wiki/Orach_Chayim) section of the Shulchan Aruch (/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch) , a collection of Jewish religious law (/wiki/Halakha) from 1565, states that the Arabic name of the sudra worn this way is שי"ד ; סודר שנותנין על הצואר במלכות א"י שנקרא בערבי שי"ד וכן ביק"א שהיו נותנין בספרד על כתפיהם פטורים , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'A sudra which is worn upon the neck in the kingdom of the Land of Israel named in Arabic Šīd, also the Bīqa, which was worn in Sephard (Spain) over their shoulders are exempt [from the requirement of tzitzit]'. [33] (#cite_note-34) [27] (#cite_note-:02-28) [34] (#cite_note-35) The 10th century commentator Rashi (/wiki/Rashi) states: וסודר שבצוארו - ותלויין ראשיו לפניו לקנח בו פיו ועיניו , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'And the Sudra is arranged on one's neck – and the ends thereof were used to wipe one's mouth or eyes' commenting on this passage. [35] (#cite_note-36) [27] (#cite_note-:02-28) Saul Lieberman (/wiki/Saul_Lieberman) suggests that the headdress worn by religious authorities called "a sudra" is unrelated to the Roman Sudarium, rather a cidaris ( Ancient Greek (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language) : κίδαρις , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek) : kídaris ). For this he cites an early medieval Latin glossary (/wiki/Glossary) which states, Latin (/wiki/Latin_language) : Cidarim linteus est quod repites iudeorum die sabbato super caput habent ualde mundum. , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'The Cidarim is a cloth which Jews keep over their heads during day of the Sabbath'. [36] (#cite_note-37) [37] (#cite_note-38) This Cidaris was a turban-like headdress worn by the Kings of Persia (/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia) and as stated before also the rabbinical authorities. [38] (#cite_note-39) According to Lier, Targumim suggest Moses wore a sudra on his head, specifically his radiant forehead. Concealing the nature of the Israelite god, except when revealing the Ten Commandments, when he is meant to have removed his sudra from his forehead according to Lier. [30] (#cite_note-:52-31) There is textual evidence for its use as footwear. [5] (#cite_note-:32-5) [39] (#cite_note-40) Decline [ edit ] Amongst Mizrachi (/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews) Jewry, the custom mostly remained despite prohibitions imposed by various non-Jewish rulers. One example of such a prohibition is the 1667 ʿAṭarot decree ( Judeo-Yemeni Arabic (/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic) : עטרת , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew) : ʿAṭarot , lit. 'cloth turbans' from Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : עטר , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew) : ʿāṭer , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'to crown') issued by the Qasimid State (/wiki/Yemeni_Zaidi_State) , which prohibited Jews from wearing anything resembling said ʿAṭarot, that is, from wearing any sort of cloth to cover their heads. The goal of this decree was to humiliate Jews by depriving them of a respectable appearance by forcing them to use their clothes to cover their heads. The situation was remedied with the Jewish community in Yemen bribing government officials. The solution achieved through this act of corruption allowed Jews to wear cloths on their heads again, but they had to be shabby cloths. [40] (#cite_note-41) [41] (#cite_note-42) See also [ edit ] Sudarium (/wiki/Sudarium) – Roman garment conceptually related Priestly turban (/wiki/Priestly_turban) – Ancient Jewish headdress Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) – Similar regional headdress Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) – Jewish fur headdress Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-23) Being used to wrap jugs, tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) , money, and foodstuffs according to the Babyloanian Talmud. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ABOUT" (https://www.mysudra.com/about) . My Sudra . Retrieved 2024-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Aaron Michael, Butts (2018-12-06). "Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies (Volume 19)". In Kiraz, George Anton (ed.). Latin Words in Classical Syriac . Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. Vol. 19. Gorgias Press. p. 134. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.31826/9781463240028 (https://doi.org/10.31826%2F9781463240028) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4632-4002-8 . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 239370393 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239370393) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kwasman, Theodore (2015-01-01), Geller, Markham J. (ed.), "15 Loanwords in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: Some Preliminary Observations" (https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004304895/B9789004304895_017.xml) , The Archaeology and Material Culture of the Babylonian Talmud , BRILL, p. 353, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/9789004304895_017 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004304895_017) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-30488-8 , retrieved 2022-09-18 ^ Jump up to: a b "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), SUDARIUM" (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063:entry=sudarium-cn) . www.perseus.tufts.edu . Retrieved 2021-09-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sokoloff, Michael (2002). A dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the talmudic and geonic periods . Bar Ilan University Press. p. 792. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 965-226-260-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1015128901 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1015128901) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jastrow, סוּדָרָא 1" (https://www.sefaria.org/Jastrow,_%D7%A1%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%93%D6%B8%D7%A8%D6%B8%D7%90.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Shabbat 77b:11" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.77b.11?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b Legrain, Leon (1927). Sumerian sculptures . The Museum Journal. Vol. XVIII, no. 3. Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. pp. 217–247. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 18723697 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18723697) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia, page 293 (https://books.google.com/books?id=tiEvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA293&dq=) , Annette Lynch, Mitchell D. Strauss, Rowman & Littlefield ^ (#cite_ref-Bartlett19732_10-0) J. R. Bartlett (19 July 1973). The First and Second Books of the Maccabees . CUP Archive. p. 246. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-09749-9 . Retrieved 17 April 2013 . traditional Jewish head-dress was either something like the Arab's Keffiyeh (a cotton square folded and wound around a head) or like a turban or stocking cap ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Luke 19:20, Novum Testamentum Graece (NA28)" (https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/novum-testamentum-graece-na-28/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/52/190001/199999/ch/5c2de6b1273e2b95c30eb5f11e3893e9/) . www.academic-bible.com . Retrieved 2021-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Nic Fields, The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC-AD 117 (Osprey, 2009), p. 25. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Daniel K. Hall, How to Tie a Tie: Choosing, Coordinating, and Knotting Your Neckwear (Sterling, 2008), p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Oscar Lenius, The Well-Dressed Gentleman (LIT Verlag Münster, 2010), p. 93. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon" (https://cal.huc.edu/oneentry.php?lemma=swdr%20N&cits=all) . cal.huc.edu . Retrieved 2022-09-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Flug, Brigitte (2006). Äussere Bindung und innere Ordnung: das Altmünsterkloster in Mainz in seiner Geschichte und Verfassung von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts : mit Urkundenbuch (in German). Franz Steiner. p. 46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783515082419 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Houtman, Alberdina; Sysling, Harry (2009-09-30). "Quotations Of Targumic Passages From The Prophets In Rabbinic And Medieval Sources". Alternative Targum Traditions: The Use of Variant Readings for the Study in Origin and History of Targum Jonathan . BRILL. p. 220. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/ej.9789004178427.i-304.19 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004178427.i-304.19) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-17842-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Katz, Tamar (2014). "Difficult Biblical Words in Modern Hebrew / על דרכן של מילים מקראיות קשות אל לשון ימינו" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24328443) . Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects / לשוננו: כתב-עת לחקר הלשון העברית והתחומים הסמוכים לה . עו (א/ב): 72. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0334-3626 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0334-3626) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 24328443 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24328443) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Shabbat 148b:1" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.148b.1?lang=bi&vside=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D%7Cen&with=Translation%20Open&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Sukkah 26a:14" (https://www.sefaria.org/Sukkah.26a.14?lang=bi&vside=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D%7Cen&with=Translation%20Open&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Sanhedrin 48a:5" (https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.48a.5?lang=bi&vside=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D%7Cen&with=Translation%20Open&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Gittin 68a:1" (https://www.sefaria.org/Gittin.68a.1?lang=bi&vside=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D%7Cen&with=Translation%20Open&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Bava Metzia 7a:9" (https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.7a.9?lang=bi&p2=Bava_Metzia.7a.9&ven2=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D&lang2=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Bava Kamma 119b:14" (https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Kamma.119b.14?lang=bi&p2=Bava_Kamma.119b.14&ven2=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D&lang2=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Wajsberg, Eljakim (2004). "The Aramaic Dialect of the Palestinian Traditions in the Babylonian Talmud — Part A" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24331408) (הלשון הארמית של היצירה הארץ-ישראלית בתלמוד הבבלי (א . Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects (in Hebrew). סו (ג/ד): 271. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0334-3626 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0334-3626) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 24331408 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24331408) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Havlin, Shlomo Zalman (1986). "The Aramaic Translation of "Ruth"—a Vulgate Translation?" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24164401) תרגום ספר רות — "תרגום של הדיוטות"? . Sidra: A Journal for the Study of Rabbinic Literature / סידרא: כתב-עת לחקר ספרות התורה שבעל-פה (in Hebrew). ב : 28. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0334-6986 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0334-6986) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 24164401 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24164401) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jastrow, סוּדָר" (https://www.sefaria.org/Jastrow,_%D7%A1%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%93%D6%B8%D7%A8?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Avodah Zarah 4a:11" (https://www.sefaria.org/Avodah_Zarah.4a.11) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2021-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon – TgPsJon Exod chapter 21:16" (https://cal.huc.edu/showachapter.php?fullcoord=8100122116) . cal.huc.edu . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lier, Gudrun E. (2022-09-21). "Chapter 19 Masks in Bible, Targum, and Talmud: An Investigative Study" (https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004521384_020) . In Cook, Johann; Kotzé, Gideon R. (eds.). The Septuagint South of Alexandria: Essays on the Greek Translations and Other Ancient Versions by the Association for the Study of the Septuagint in South Africa (LXXSA) . BRILL. pp. 419–420. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/9789004521384_020 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004521384_020) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-52138-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Berakhot 51a:20" (https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.51a.20?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Berakhot 60b" (https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.60b.5?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 10:10-12" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh,_Orach_Chayim.10.11) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2021-09-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Shabbat 120a:8" (https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.120a.8?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Rashi on Shabbat 120a:8:12" (https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Shabbat.120a.8.12?lang=bi) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Tosefta Kifshutah on Shabbat 5:11:1" (https://www.sefaria.org/Tosefta_Kifshutah_on_Shabbat.5.11.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org (in Hebrew) . Retrieved 2022-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Goetz, Georg (1894). CORPVS GLOSSARIORVM LATINORVM (in Latin). Leipzig: SOCIETATIS LITTERARVM REGIAE SAXONICAE. p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-39) Beekes, Robert (2010). Etymological dictionary of Greek . Brill. p. 694. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-17418-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 909831201 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/909831201) . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Yevamot 102b:19" (https://www.sefaria.org/Yevamot.102b.19?lang=bi&vside=Talmud_Bavli._German_trans._by_Lazarus_Goldschmidt,_1929_%5Bde%5D%7Cen&with=Translation%20Open&lang2=en) . www.sefaria.org . Retrieved 2022-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Ahroni, Reuben (1979). Tribulations and aspirations in Yemenite Hebrew literature . [Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion]. p. 278. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 44706373 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44706373) . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Eraqi-Klorman, Bat Zion (1993). The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community . BRILL. pp. 37–38. 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1994 fashion collection Jacket from Nihilism presented at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (2015 staging) Nihilism (Spring/Summer 1994) is the third collection by the British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . McQueen developed the collection following the launch of his own label with Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) , which was exhibited at the Ritz Hotel (/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London) in March 1993 London in lieu of a fashion show. An eclectic collection with no straightforward theme, Nihilism pushed back against dominant womenswear trends with its hard tailoring, and aggressive, sexualised styling. It was created in collaboration with McQueen's associates Simon Ungless and Fleet Bigwood. Like Taxi Driver , Nihilism included experimental techniques, silhouettes, and materials, such as dresses made from cellophane, stained with clay, or adorned with locusts. Nihilism was McQueen's first professional runway show. The British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) provided backing; it was the first time they had done so for a new designer. It was staged during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) on 18 October 1993 at the Bluebird Garage (/wiki/Bluebird_Garage) , which at the time had a reputation as a hub for drug use and criminal activity. The styling was intended to be provocative and disturbing. The clothing was highly sexualised: thin fabric that exposed the skin underneath, or garments cut to expose breasts and vulvas. McQueen's signature bumster (/wiki/Bumster) trousers, whose extremely low waist exposed the top of the intergluteal cleft (/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft) , made their first runway appearance in Nihilism . Models were styled to look filthy and aggressive, with inspiration from the punk subculture (/wiki/Punk_subculture) , and were encouraged to act belligerently on the runway. The collection received mixed reviews. Journalists had a difficult time deciding what to make of it. Many accused McQueen of misogyny, a characterization to which he consistently objected. McQueen returned to many of the ideas he explored in Nihilism throughout his career, especially the interplay of sexuality and violence. Three items from Nihilism appeared in the retrospective exhibit Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty . Background [ edit ] British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs, and dramatic fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . [1] (#cite_note-:17-1) [2] (#cite_note-:18-2) During his nearly twenty-year career, he explored a broad range of ideas and themes, including historicism (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) , romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) , femininity, sexuality, and death. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14-3) [1] (#cite_note-:17-1) [2] (#cite_note-:18-2) The son of a London taxicab driver (/wiki/Taxicab_driver) and a teacher, he grew up in one of the poorer neighborhoods in London's East End (/wiki/East_End_of_London) . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201564-4) During childhood, he witnessed his sisters experiencing domestic violence (/wiki/Domestic_violence) at the hands of her husband, which became a formative influence on his designs. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015106-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201567–68-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003149-7) McQueen began his career in fashion as an apprentice with Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) tailors Anderson & Sheppard (/wiki/Anderson_%26_Sheppard) before briefly joining Gieves & Hawkes (/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes) as a pattern cutter (/wiki/Pattern_cutting) . [8] (#cite_note-doig-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) His work on Savile Row earned him a reputation as an expert tailor. [10] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-10) From October 1990 to 1992, McQueen was enrolled in the eighteen-month masters (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) -level course in fashion design at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) (CSM), a London art school. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201570-11) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201424–25,_27-12) McQueen met a number of his future collaborators at CSM, including Simon Ungless, with whom he later lived. [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014103-13) [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201569-14) His graduation collection, Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) , was bought in its entirety by magazine editor Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) , who became his mentor and his muse. [15] (#cite_note-15) McQueen wanted to work for an existing fashion brand rather than assume the risk of founding his own, but friends persuaded him to present a collection for the Autumn/Winter 1993 season at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015105–106-16) McQueen launched his own label (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) with Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) , which was exhibited at the Ritz Hotel (/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London) in London in lieu of a fashion show. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201210-17) [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015107–109-18) The collection was the debut of the bumster (/wiki/Bumster) trouser, whose extremely low waist exposed the top of the intergluteal cleft (/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft) , and which became a McQueen brand signature. [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015106-20) McQueen had no financial backing at the beginning of his career, so his early collections were created on minimal budgets, using cheap fabric and unconventional materials to make up for the financial shortfall. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015123-21) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201573-22) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) Concept and collection [ edit ] There was so much repression in London fashion. It had to be livened up ... my job was to produce ideas. Alexander McQueen, quoted in Isabella Blow: A Life in Fashion [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) Label [ edit ] Although Taxi Driver had been critically well-received, McQueen was still hesitant about running his own company; it was financially risky and he was afraid to fail. He continued to work on one-off designs, mainly sold to friends and acquaintances, while looking for a position. [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015109-25) His work at this time was inspired by the prehistoric adventure film Quest for Fire (1981), famous 18th century sadomasochistic (/wiki/Sadomasochism) novel The 120 Days of Sodom (/wiki/The_120_Days_of_Sodom) , and coverage of natural disasters in National Geographic (/wiki/National_Geographic) magazine . [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015110–111-26) He was also influenced by fellow British designers and CSM graduates Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) and John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) . [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015110,_112-27) Again, despite his hesitation, his friends persuaded him to present a collection for Spring/Summer 1994; this time a proper fashion show. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) McQueen did not have his own studio at the time, so he and Ungless manufactured the items by hand at their shared home. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201262–64-29) Fleet Bigwood, a CSM lecturer, designed and produced prints. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015107-30) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201264-31) Collection [ edit ] Nihilism was an eclectic collection without a straightforward theme. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) It pushed back against the dominant mode for womenswear at the time, which author Judith Watt described as "anti-hard chic and antitailoring". [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201261-33) Journalist Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) wrote that the name came from a theme of "anti- Romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) ". [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) Author Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) called it " heroin chic (/wiki/Heroin_chic) ". [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015105-35) There was a degree of primitivism (/wiki/Primitivism) , including a latex dress covered in dead locusts (/wiki/Locust) , inspired by a National Geographic article about an African famine caused by the insects. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201115-36) McQueen later said of the collection: "It was a reaction to designers romanticizing ethnic dressing, like a Masai (/wiki/Maasai_people) -inspired dress made of materials the Masai could never afford." [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201115-36) McQueen was well known at the time for his sharp tailoring, which appeared in the form of tightly-fitted suit jackets paired with slim trousers, including low-cut bumsters. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) There were historicist (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) elements in the form of draped neo-classical (/wiki/Neoclassicism) dresses, references to les merveilleuses , and the Arts and Crafts movement (/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement) . [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) Some long jackets could be described as " Edwardian (/wiki/Edwardian_era) ", including one with turned-up cuffs. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) Like Taxi Driver , Nihilism made heavy use of cheap fabric and unconventional materials, such as "shellac, beetle blood, and human hair". [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) There were skirts and dresses made from clear plastic wrap. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201221-39) One screen print (/wiki/Screen_printing) was made with a paste of resin and actual rust (/wiki/Rust) . [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) At one point during production, Ungless accidentally spilled a can of liquid latex onto a drain cover with a grid pattern. McQueen tossed glitter into it and they used it as the front panel of a dress. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) Many of the items were distressed (/wiki/Distressing) with paint or mud for effect. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015110,_112-27) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201263-40) One cellophane dress was covered with rust-coloured paint mimicking bloodstains. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202332-41) Other garments had hand prints or smears in fake blood over the breast area; Watt suggested a possible reference to Saint Agatha (/wiki/Saint_Agatha) , a Catholic saint whose breasts were amputated during her martyrdom. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201261-33) Bigwood recalled McQueen telling him to "disrespect" a particular piece of cheap fabric which had been covered with gold lustre (/wiki/Luster_(textiles)) ; Bigwood says he "threw every chemical I had in my studio at it". The fabric was turned into a frock coat. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015261-42) According to Ungless, McQueen was somewhat "obsessed" with Chalayan's degree collection, The Tangent Flows , which had featured dresses buried for weeks to distress them, and sought to outdo it. He cut several dresses from white chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , sprayed them with mud made from red clay (/wiki/Red_clay) , and left them hanging outside for weeks. The clay left the dresses stained rust red, with chips of clay embedded in the fabric. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015110,_112-27) The clothing was highly sexualised: thin fabric that exposed the skin underneath, or garments cut to expose midriffs, breasts, and vulvas. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201473–74-43) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202332-41) Signature sharp tailoring, including the return of the bumster trousers. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202332-41) [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) The intent of the bumsters was to elongate the torso and expose the base of the spine, which McQueen felt was the most erotic spot on the human body regardless of gender. [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigman202116–17-44) [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201262–63-45) Watt suggests that the bumsters may have been inspired by 16th century tailoring, in which men's trousers were cut to sit very low on the hips; McQueen owned a copy of The Tailor's Pattern Book , a 1589 book of patterns by Spanish mathematician Juan de Alcega (/wiki/Juan_de_Alcega) . [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201262–63-45) Runway show [ edit ] Bluebird Garage (/wiki/Bluebird_Garage) in London, 2014 Nihilism was McQueen's first professional runway show. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox2015327-46) The British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) provided backing; it was the first time they had done so for a new designer. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) It was staged during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) on 18 October 1993 at the Bluebird Garage (/wiki/Bluebird_Garage) , which at the time had a reputation as a hub for drug use and criminal activity. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338-47) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) Cultural theorist Per Strömberg described the choice of location as emblematic of the "underground and somehow underdog approach" of London Fashion Week. [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrömberg2021118-48) Invitations were made from pages torn out of an old encyclopedia and hand-stamped with the show details. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) There was a great deal of anticipation about the show before it opened. Katie Grand, then the fashion director for culture magazine Dazed and Confused (/wiki/Dazed_and_Confused_(magazine)) , described it as "one of those nineties happenings where no one quite knew what we were going to see". [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) The soundtrack consisted of grunge (/wiki/Grunge) , punk (/wiki/Punk_rock) , and house (/wiki/House_music) music interspersed with silence; selected tracks included " Pretend We're Dead (/wiki/Pretend_We%27re_Dead) " by L7 (/wiki/L7_(band)) , " I Wanna Get High (/wiki/I_Wanna_Get_High) " by Cypress Hill (/wiki/Cypress_Hill) , and Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) songs. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201262-49) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) Hair was by Barnabe and Eugene Souleiman (/wiki/Eugene_Souleiman) , make-up by Lisa Butler (/wiki/Lisa_Butler) , and overall styling by Seta Niland. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) There was very little seating, so most of the audience – about 300 people, mostly CSM students and some fashion journalists – stood. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) McQueen's mother and Isabella Blow were seated in the front row. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) The show started 30 minutes late. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) The aesthetic was intended to be provocative and disturbing. The clothing was highly sexualised: thin fabric that exposed the skin underneath, or garments cut to expose breasts and vulvas. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201473–74-43) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202332-41) One model walked bare-breasted, covering herself "with bloodstained hands". [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) Another had black pants that were slit from waist to hem in the back, exposing red lining along with the model's entire lower body. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201221-39) Some items were made to appear wet to the point of translucency, in the manner of a wet T-shirt (/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest) . [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201473–74-43) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201219-32) This echoed an effect Galliano had employed for his collection Fallen Angels (Spring/Summer 1986). [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201540,_111-50) The low-cut bumster trousers appeared on the runway for the first time in Nihilism . [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015106-20) The models were styled to look filthy and aggressive, with inspiration from the punk subculture (/wiki/Punk_subculture) . [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) Some were smeared with what appeared to be mud or blood. [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201237-51) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) Makeup was used to give a hollowed look to their eyes. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) Hair was streaked with red and "pinned up haphazardly" or styled into Mohican haircuts (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) . [a] (#cite_note-Hair-54) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201221-39) They were encouraged to act aggressively, giving the show what curator Claire Wilcox (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) described as a "threatening mood". [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) Some made obscene gestures (/wiki/Obscene_gesture) such as the finger (/wiki/The_finger) toward the audience. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015111-28) One androgynous-looking male model walked the runway shirtless to "shock guests with the gender confusion", as Thomas put it. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015112-34) Reception [ edit ] McQueen, who is 24 and from London's East End, has a view that speaks of battered women, of violent lives, of grinding daily existences offset by wild, drug-enhanced nocturnal dives into clubs where the dress code is semi-naked. As such, his clothes probably speak with more accuracy about real life than some swoosh of an evening gown by Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) . Marion Hume (/wiki/Marion_Hume) , "McQueen's theatre of cruelty", The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) , 10 February 1993 [54] (#cite_note-Hume-55) Reception to Nihilism was mixed. The journalists in attendance were unsure what to make of the show; apparently many photographers were so disturbed they stopped taking pictures partway through. [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015105-35) Dana Thomas reports that those who were present wrote a great deal about it, to a degree she felt was unusual for a designer presenting his first show. [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015113-56) Many of these reviewers accused McQueen of misogyny, a characterization to which he consistently objected. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015106-5) [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201259-57) Marion Hume review [ edit ] Marion Hume (/wiki/Marion_Hume) wrote a full-page review for The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) which opened by declaring "Alexander McQueen's debut was a horror show". She called out the macabre styling, saying it was "rather a lot to take in the name of frocks", but explained that she stayed to watch because she felt McQueen had "something new to say" and "has an assured view of fashion". Hume lauded McQueen's tailoring skills and the way he used "traditional skills in a new way". She concluded that tolerating shocking newness was necessary to allow London's fashion industry "to keep its creative supremacy". [54] (#cite_note-Hume-55) Other authors have commented on Hume's review. Andrew Wilson felt that Hume was, despite her criticism, interested in McQueen's innovation and novelty. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015106-5) Curator Kate Bethune concurred somewhat. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) Evans argued that Hume was too focused on the disturbing styling while failing to notice "the historical eclecticism which also permeated the show". [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) Judith Watt also criticised Hume's review for leaning on class stereotypes (/wiki/Class_discrimination) with its emphasis on McQueen's "East End" origins. [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201264–65-58) Other reviews [ edit ] Much of the British press ignored Nihilism . [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015113-56) Major fashion publications such as Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) also did not report on it. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201473–74-43) Although the show was not explicitly derived from cinematic influences, as many later shows were, several reviewers drew connections to media regardless. David Hayes of the Evening Standard argued that horror films, such as Carrie (/wiki/Carrie_(1976_film)) (1976) and those made by Hammer Film Productions (/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions) , must have been an influence. The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) described the gold-painted frock coat as "based on the torn layers of a billboard". [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015261-42) Analysis [ edit ] This collection set the tone for others over the next few years. Their mood was doomy and lost, savage and melancholic, yet also darkly romantic. In them McQueen developed an aesthetic of cruelty culled from disparate sources: the work of sixteenth- and seventeenth- century anatomists (/wiki/Anatomist) , in particular that of Andreas Vesalius (/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius) ; the photography of Joel-Peter Witkin (/wiki/Joel-Peter_Witkin) from the 1980s and 90s; and the films of Pasolini (/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini) , Kubrick (/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick) , Buñuel (/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel) and Hitchcock (/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock) . Caroline Evans, Fashion at the Edge: Spectacle, Modernity and Deathliness [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) Kate Bethune argued that McQueen's primary intent with the collection was to build his brand. She identified the appearance of McQueen's logo on the front of a white dress as an element of this effort. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015305-23) Andrew Groves (/wiki/Andrew_Groves) , a fellow designer and early boyfriend of McQueen's, believed that McQueen's shock tactics were intended to secure the press attention that would draw him a financial backer. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201256-59) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201473–74-43) Fashion theorist Caroline Evans agreed, arguing that McQueen's shows became less aggressive and more purely theatrical after he secured backing. [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200370-60) Rebecca Arnold, analysing the interplay of sexuality and brutality in fashion for Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) , highlighted Nihilism as an example of how McQueen had relied on this aesthetic from the earliest stages of his career. She wrote: "Themes of anxiety and distress continue to be combined with a latent sexuality in his work." [60] (#cite_note-61) The accusation that McQueen was a misogynist persisted throughout much of his career, although he consistently objected to it. [61] (#cite_note-62) [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201232-63) McQueen's early friends and collaborators recalled that his intent with his early collections, including Nihilism , was to make women feel empowered. [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201259–61-64) Bobby Hillson (/wiki/Bobby_Hillson) , who mentored McQueen at CSM, thought the issue was that McQueen was "not particularly articulate" with expressing his ideas at that stage of his career. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201261-33) Alice Smith, who did early promotional work for McQueen, recalled him telling her that he wanted women wearing his clothing "to feel strong and powerful". [64] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201253,_59-65) Groves and another friend, Nicholas "Trixie" Townsend, recalled that McQueen had designed for women who were confident, androgynous "outsiders" and who frequented the same gay clubs that he did. [65] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201258–61-66) Legacy [ edit ] McQueen returned to the combination of tightly-fitted jackets over bumster trousers throughout his career. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201624-37) McQueen is generally credited with sparking a global trend for low-rise pants via the bumsters. [66] (#cite_note-67) McQueen's next few shows were styled with a similar blend of aggression and sexuality, inspired by his favorite artists. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) Press coverage continued to be mostly appalled, although his work garnered some approval amongst the criticism. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003140-38) Isabella Blow was photographed for Dazed and Confused in McQueen's designs for Nihilism following the show. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010131–132-24) The Daily Telegraph reported that McQueen had sold 200 pieces from Nihilism by February 1994, although Thomas clarified in her 2015 book Gods and Kings (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) that this represented orders from retailers rather than consumer sales. Further, she reports that since McQueen did not have a contract with any manufacturer, the orders went unfulfilled. [67] (#cite_note-68) [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015113-56) Tiina Laakkonen, an early supporter of McQueen's, lent three items from Nihilism to the retrospective exhibition Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) : a black jacket in silk and cotton, and a pair of trousers and a jacket in gray silk and wool. [68] (#cite_note-69) [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011232-70) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Hair_54-0) " Mohican haircut (/wiki/Mohican_haircut) " is the British term for a haircut usually referred to as a "Mohawk haircut" in American English (/wiki/American_English) . [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210317231608/https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) from the original on 17 March 2021 . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mora, Juliana Luna; Berry, Jess (2 September 2022). "Creative Direction Succession in Luxury Fashion: The Illusion of Immortality at Chanel and Alexander McQueen" (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . Luxury . 9 (2–3): 126, 128, 132. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2051-1817 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1817) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14_3-0) Frankel 2011 (#CITEREFFrankel2011) , pp. 13–14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201564_4-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 64. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 106. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201567–68_6-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 67–68. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003149_7-0) Evans 2003 (#CITEREFEvans2003) , p. 149. ^ (#cite_ref-doig_8-0) Doig, Stephen (30 January 2023). "How Alexander McQueen changed the world of fashion – by the people who knew him best" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230130171757/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/how-alexander-mcqueen-changed-world-fashion-people-who-knew/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/how-alexander-mcqueen-changed-world-fashion-people-who-knew/) on 30 January 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Carwell, Nick (26 May 2016). "Savile Row's best tailors: Alexander McQueen" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/alexander-mcqueen-savile-row-tailor) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210509010433/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/alexander-mcqueen-savile-row-tailor) from the original on 9 May 2021 . Retrieved 31 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBCSixWays_10-0) Vaidyanathan, Rajini (12 February 2010). "Six ways Alexander McQueen changed fashion" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) . BBC Magazine (/wiki/BBC_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100222201747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) from the original on 22 February 2010 . Retrieved 6 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201570_11-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahan201424–25,_27_12-0) Callahan 2014 (#CITEREFCallahan2014) , pp. 24–25, 27. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahan2014103_13-0) Callahan 2014 (#CITEREFCallahan2014) , p. 103. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201569_14-0) Frankel 2015 (#CITEREFFrankel2015) , p. 69. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Blow, Detmar (14 February 2010). "Alex McQueen and Isabella Blow" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG7231469/Alexander-McQueen-and-Isabella-Blow.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170103003019/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG7231469/Alexander-McQueen-and-Isabella-Blow.html) from the original on 3 January 2017 . Retrieved 22 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2015105–106_16-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 105–106. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleason201210_17-0) Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2015107–109_18-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 107–109. ^ Jump up to: a b c Dyke, Isobel Van (25 July 2022). "Scary fashion trend alert! The rise of the falling waistline" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/low-rise-mcqueen-bumster-julia-fox-waistline-gen-z-b1013918.html) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 106. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2015123_21-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 123. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201573_22-0) Frankel 2015 (#CITEREFFrankel2015) , p. 73. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bethune 2015 (#CITEREFBethune2015) , p. 305. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Crowe 2010 (#CITEREFCrowe2010) , pp. 131–132. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2015109_25-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 109. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2015110–111_26-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 110–111. ^ Jump up to: a b c Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 110, 112. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 111. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201262–64_29-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 62–64. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2015107_30-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 107. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201264_31-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 64. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 61. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 112. ^ Jump up to: a b Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 105. ^ Jump up to: a b Frankel 2011 (#CITEREFFrankel2011) , p. 15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Fairer & Wilcox 2016 (#CITEREFFairerWilcox2016) , p. 24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Evans 2003 (#CITEREFEvans2003) , p. 140. ^ Jump up to: a b c Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 21. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201263_40-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 63. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Homer 2023 (#CITEREFHomer2023) , p. 32. ^ Jump up to: a b O'Neill 2015 (#CITEREFO'Neill2015) , p. 261. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Callahan 2014 (#CITEREFCallahan2014) , pp. 73–74. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonigman202116–17_44-0) Honigman 2021 (#CITEREFHonigman2021) , pp. 16–17. ^ Jump up to: a b Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 62–63. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilcox2015327_46-0) Wilcox 2015 (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , p. 327. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016338_47-0) Fairer & Wilcox 2016 (#CITEREFFairerWilcox2016) , p. 338. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrömberg2021118_48-0) Strömberg 2021 (#CITEREFStrömberg2021) , p. 118. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201262_49-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 62. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201540,_111_50-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 40, 111. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201237_51-0) Fox 2012 (#CITEREFFox2012) , p. 37. ^ (#cite_ref-52) Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010). "Mohican" (https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199571123.001.0001/m_en_gb0528240) . Oxford Dictionary of English (/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English) . Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240422182743/https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/?next_url=/ezproxy/r/ezp.2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub3hmb3JkcmVmZXJlbmNlLmNvbS92aWV3LzEwLjEwOTMvYWNyZWYvOTc4MDE5OTU3MTEyMy4wMDEuMDAwMS9tX2VuX2diMDUyODI0MA--) from the original on 22 April 2024 . Retrieved 13 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010). "Mohawk" (https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199571123.001.0001/m_en_gb0528200) . Oxford Dictionary of English (/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English) . Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240422182720/https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/?next_url=/ezproxy/r/ezp.2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub3hmb3JkcmVmZXJlbmNlLmNvbS92aWV3LzEwLjEwOTMvYWNyZWYvOTc4MDE5OTU3MTEyMy4wMDEuMDAwMS9tX2VuX2diMDUyODIwMA--) from the original on 22 April 2024 . Retrieved 13 March 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hume, Marion (/wiki/Marion_Hume) (20 October 1993). "McQueen's theatre of cruelty" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/fashion-mcqueen-s-theatre-of-cruelty-after-the-glitz-of-paris-something-shattering-marion-hume-was-shaken-but-not-stirred-1512042.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 113. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201259_57-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 59. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201264–65_58-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 64–65. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201256_59-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200370_60-0) Evans 2003 (#CITEREFEvans2003) , p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-61) Arnold, Rebecca (November 1999). "The Brutalized Body" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2752/136270499779476072) . Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) . 3 (4): 497. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/136270499779476072 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F136270499779476072) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240422182825/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2752/136270499779476072) from the original on 22 April 2024 . Retrieved 5 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) Elenowitz-Hess, Caroline (16 April 2022). "Reckoning with Highland Rape: Sexuality, Violence, and Power on the Runway". Fashion Theory (/wiki/Fashion_Theory) . 26 (3): 400. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/1362704X.2020.1846325 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1362704X.2020.1846325) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 229432510 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229432510) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleason201232_63-0) Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 32. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201259–61_64-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 59–61. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201253,_59_65-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 53, 59. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt201258–61_66-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 58–61. ^ (#cite_ref-67) Moore, Jennifer Grayer (14 December 2015). Fashion Fads through American History: Fitting Clothes into Context . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 979-8-216-08346-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) Samuels, Kathryn (24 February 1994). "New kid on the block" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-new-kid-on-the-block/150279489/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . p. 17 . Retrieved 28 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) Wheeler, André-Naquian (7 June 2023). "Tiina Laakkonen is selling her archive of rare Comme des Garçons, Margiela, and more—for a good cause" (https://www.vogue.com/article/tiina-laakkonen-desert-vintage) . Vogue . Retrieved 1 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2011232_70-0) Bolton 2011 (#CITEREFBolton2011) , p. 232. Bibliography [ edit ] Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) (2011). Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty . New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58839-412-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 687693871 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/687693871) . Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . Introduction. In Bolton (2011) (#CITEREFBolton2011) , pp. 17–27. Callahan, Maureen (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) (2014). Champagne Supernovas: Kate Moss, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, and the '90s Renegades Who Remade Fashion . New York City: Touchstone Books (/wiki/Touchstone_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-4053-3 . Crowe, Lauren Goldstein (2010). Isabella Blow: A Life in Fashion . New York City: Thomas Dunne Books (/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4299-8538-3 . Evans, Caroline (2003). Fashion at the Edge: Spectacle, Modernity and Deathliness . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-10192-8 . Retrieved 5 October 2023 . Fairer, Robert (/wiki/Robert_Fairer) ; Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) (2016). Alexander McQueen: Unseen . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-22267-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 946216643 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946216643) . Fox, Chloe (2012). Vogue On: Alexander McQueen . Vogue on Designers. London: Quadrille Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1849491136 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 828766756 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828766756) . Gleason, Katherine (2012). Alexander McQueen: Evolution . New York City: Race Point Publishing (/wiki/Race_Point_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61058-837-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 783147416 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783147416) . Homer, Karen (2023). Little Book of Alexander McQueen: The Story of the Iconic Brand . London: Welbeck Publishing Group (/wiki/Welbeck_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-80279-270-6 . Honigman, Ana Finel (2021). What Alexander McQueen Can Teach You About Fashion . Frances Lincoln (/wiki/Frances_Lincoln) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7112-5906-5 . Strömberg, Per (2021). "Industrial Chic: Fashion Shows in Ready-Made Spaces". In Ferrero-Regis, Tiziana; Lindquist, Marissa (eds.). Staging Fashion . Bloomsbury Visual Arts (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Visual_Arts) . pp. 115–129. Thomas, Dana (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) (2015). Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York City: Penguin Publishing (/wiki/Penguin_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 951153602 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951153602) . Watt, Judith (2012). Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy . New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Wilcox, Claire, ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . "The Early Years". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 69–79. O'Neill, Alistair. "The Shining and Chic". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 261–280. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1310585849 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310585849) . External links [ edit ] Media related to Nihilism (Alexander McQueen collection) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) at Wikimedia Commons Alexander McQueen Spring/Summer 1994, "Nihilism" fashion show (https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/alexander-mcqueen-spring-summer-1994-nihilism-alexander-mcqueen/0wGF-eIL-RPWdQ?hl=en) , from British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) via Google Arts & Culture (/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture) v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐gq229 Cached time: 20240719084257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.862 seconds Real time usage: 1.006 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9510/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 120455/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15200/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 154405/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.517/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6879459/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 876.180 1 -total 33.93% 297.310 119 Template:Sfn 23.75% 208.129 2 Template:Reflist 12.64% 110.712 7 Template:Cite_web 9.46% 82.902 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 9.42% 82.561 2 Template:Navbox 8.79% 76.999 15 Template:Cite_book 8.34% 73.098 1 Template:Short_description 6.64% 58.183 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 6.45% 56.486 1 Template:Sister-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77218095-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719084257 and revision id 1234252262. 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European student headgear and decorations Ribbon, cap and Zipfel of an Austrian Studentenverbindung Couleur bands of the Zionist (/wiki/Zionism) Verbindung (/wiki/Studentenverbindung) Nehardea from Basel (/wiki/Basel) , [1] (#cite_note-1) in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland’s (/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland) collection. Couleur (from French, meaning colour in English (/wiki/English_language) ) is the expression used in Central European Studentenverbindungen (/wiki/Studentenverbindung) for the various headgear and distinctive ribbons worn by members of these student societies. There are three classes of such student societies: Societies with no colours (so called schwarz , in English black) Societies with colours but wearing no ribbon, no cap etc. They wear their colours e.g. in their coat of arms or as Zipfel . Societies with colours and wearing a ribbon, a cap etc. Ribbon [ edit ] Example of a pair of ribbons from the same society, Bursche upper, Fux lower. Button of metal with colours. The ribbon (so called Band ) is worn over the right shoulder to the left hip. Both ends are held together by a button, often fashioned from metal or porcelain. These buttons are often engraved or enameled with a Zirkel (/wiki/Zirkel_(Studentenverbindung)) and at times even specific coat of arms associated with the student society in question. A lot of societies distinguish two types of ribbons. One is used by the new members (so called Fux or Fuchs , after the German "fox", or schacht in Flanders, a word borrowed from the military, where it meant "new recruit"), the other one is used by the elder members (so called Bursche or, if with degree, Alter Herr ; in Flanders elders members are ouderejaars ). The ribbons of the elder members show the original or full colours of the society, where the ribbons of the new members often show a variation of them, such as displaying only two of the three main colours. In the Flemish tradition new members wear the full colours, but on the left shoulder, instead of the right. [2] (#cite_note-2) Headgear [ edit ] Cap [ edit ] Collection of caps, from left to right: Biedermeierformat , Tellermütze , Biedermeierformat Mostly a cap (so called Mütze ) consists of: a black bill , a crown coloured by one of the colours of the ribbon, a band with the colours of the ribbon. There are various forms of caps, e.g.: Biedermeierformat (/wiki/Biedermeier) , Tellermütze (/wiki/Skipper_cap) , Stürmer (/wiki/Kepi) . Stürmer [ edit ] A special and seldom seen form of headgear is the Stürmer (/wiki/Kepi) (English hotspur ). It has a black bill, a black band and the top of the crown points to the front. The crown is also coloured by one of the colours of the ribbon. Sometimes a Zirkel is embroidered on the top. Traditionally, the Stürmer is only worn in the summer semester of the academic year. The traditional Stürmer, one of the two contemporary hat Couleur of Corps Hubertia Freiburg (/wiki/Corps_Hubertia_Freiburg) German Emperor Wilhelm II (/wiki/Wilhelm_II) . wearing the Couleur of Corps Borussia Bonn (/wiki/Corps_Borussia_Bonn) with a white Stürmer and a black-white-black ribbon Tönnchen [ edit ] Collection of Tönnchen with Zirkel on the top of the crown A Tönnchen (/wiki/Smoking_cap) (diminutive of Tonne , English barrel ) is a headgear with: a flat crown, the top coloured by one of the colours of the ribbon and mostly embroidered with the Zirkel , straight upright sides with the colours of the ribbon, Tönnchen are worn instead of caps by the elder members while in official occasions. Straßencerevis [ edit ] Straßencerevis with vine leaves Straßencerevis with oak leaves A Straßencerevis looks like a Tönnchen but is embroidered with a Zirkel and oak leaves or vine leaves. See also [ edit ] List of student boilersuit colours (/wiki/List_of_student_boilersuit_colours) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Battegay, Lubrich, Caspar, Naomi (2018). Jewish Switzerland: 50 Objects Tell Their Stories . Christoph Merian. pp. 134–137. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3856168476 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Plutonica — Academisch Corps te Leuven" (https://www.plutonica.be/clubcodex.html) . Further reading [ edit ] R.G.S. Weber: The German Corps in the Third Reich Macmillan London Peter Krause: O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum , Graz, Wien, Köln 1979 (German), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-222-11127-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-222-11127-8) Peter Krause: O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum , 5. verb. Auflage, Graz, Wien, Köln 1997 (German), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-222-12478-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-222-12478-7) Paulgerhard Gladen: Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt , Köln 2001 (German), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-88059-996-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88059-996-3) Marc Zirlewagen (Hg.): Wir siegen oder fallen - Deutsche Studenten im Ersten Weltkrieg , Köln 2008 (German), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-89498-189-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89498-189-1) Edgar Hunger / Curt Meyer: Studentisches Brauchtum , Bonn, Stuttgart 1958 (German) v t e Academic dress (/wiki/Academic_dress) Components Terminology Groves classification system (/wiki/Groves_classification_system) Headwear Bishop Andrewes cap (/wiki/Bishop_Andrewes_cap) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta#Academic_biretta) Canterbury cap (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Couleur Doctoral hat (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic cap (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Student cap (/wiki/Student_cap) Tudor bonnet (/wiki/Tudor_bonnet) Hoods Cowl (/wiki/Cowl) Epitoge (/wiki/Epitoge) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Liripipe (/wiki/Liripipe) Stole (/wiki/Academic_stole) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Gowns Cope (/wiki/Cope) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Khrui (/wiki/Khrui) Miscellaneous Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Doctoral ring (/wiki/Doctoral_ring) Sub fusc (/wiki/Sub_fusc#Subfusc) People Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) John Burgon (/wiki/John_Burgon) Charles Franklyn (/wiki/Charles_Franklyn) Norman Hargreaves-Mawdsley (/wiki/Norman_Hargreaves-Mawdsley) George Shaw (/wiki/George_Shaw_(academic_dress_scholar)) Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) By country Australia Melbourne (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_University_of_Melbourne) Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) Tasmania (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Tasmania) Canada McGill (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_McGill_University) Ireland Dublin (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Dublin) National (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_National_University_of_Ireland) Philippines Santo Tomas (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Santo_Tomas) Thailand Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Chulalongkorn_University) United Kingdom (/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) England and Wales Bristol (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Bristol) Cambridge (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Cambridge) Durham (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Durham_University) Exeter (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Exeter) Imperial (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Imperial_College_London) Kent (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Kent) Leeds (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Leeds) Liverpool John Moores (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Liverpool_John_Moores_University) London (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_London) King's (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_King%27s_College_London) Manchester (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Manchester) Nottingham (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Nottingham) Oxford (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Oxford) Wales (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Wales) Warwick (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Warwick) Scotland Edinburgh (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh) Glasgow (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Glasgow) Robert Gordon (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_Robert_Gordon_University) St Andrews (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews) Undergraduate gowns (/wiki/Undergraduate_gowns_in_Scotland) United States (/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_States) Columbia (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Columbia_University) Harvard (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Harvard_University) Stanford (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Stanford_University) Other countries China (/wiki/Chinese_academic_dress) France (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robe_universitaire_en_France) Spain (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indumentaria_universitaria_en_Espa%C3%B1a) See also The Burgon Society (/wiki/Burgon_Society) Academic scarves (/wiki/Academic_scarf) Honor cords (/wiki/Honor_cords) Legal dress (/wiki/Legal_dress) Praxe (/wiki/Praxe) Category (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/7565861-6) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐xnw5l Cached time: 20240716053019 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.411 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1351/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 49617/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1040/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30524/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4192692/52428800 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Couleur&oldid=1231198293 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Couleur&oldid=1231198293) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Student societies in Germany (/wiki/Category:Student_societies_in_Germany) Academic culture (/wiki/Category:Academic_culture) Academic dress (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) Ribbon symbolism (/wiki/Category:Ribbon_symbolism) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
French fashion designer (born 1985) Olivier Rousteing Olivier Rousteing in 2016 Born ( 1985-09-13 ) 13 September 1985 (age 38) Bordeaux (/wiki/Bordeaux) , France (/wiki/France) Nationality French Occupation Fashion designer Years active 2003–present Olivier Rousteing ( French: [ɔlivje (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ʁustɛ̃] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) born 13 September 1985) [3] (#cite_note-3) is a French fashion designer. He has been the creative director of Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) since 2011. Early life and education [ edit ] Rousteing was adopted by his parents at the age of 1. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) Rousteing's mother is an optician, while his father is a seaport manager. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) He grew up in Bordeaux and moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) to study at ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) (Ecole Supérieure des Arts et Techniques de la Mode). Like Jacquemus (/wiki/Simon_Porte_Jacquemus) , he dropped out in his first year citing lack of creative freedom. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Early beginnings [ edit ] In 2003, Rousteing began his career at Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , where he was promoted to creative director of the Italian label's women's ready-to-wear collection, serving for five years in that position. [5] (#cite_note-en.vogue.fr-5) Balmain, 2009–present [ edit ] Rousteing joined Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) in 2009. [6] (#cite_note-6) During his early time at Balmain he worked closely with Christophe Decarnin (/wiki/Christophe_Decarnin) , the then French fashion house's creative director. [5] (#cite_note-en.vogue.fr-5) On 26 April 2011, at 25 years old, Rousteing replaced Decarnin as the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of Balmain. [7] (#cite_note-7) While he liked Decarnin's aesthetic, he wanted to orient the label towards the finer aspects of French couture. At the time of his appointment, Rousteing was a relatively unknown designer, and brought a much-needed fresh take on the brand's aesthetic that remains to this day. He has been credited with adding an Asian influence to the clothing, as Asia comprises a huge part of the brand's buyers. [8] (#cite_note-8) Rousteing says his age, initial anonymity, and especially race led to grumblings amongst the fashion establishment. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) "People were like, 'Oh my God, he's a minority taking over a French house!'" Rousteing told Out magazine in 2015. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) Since his arrival, menswear now accounts for 40 percent of Balmain's revenue. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) [9] (#cite_note-Schneier-9) While the company did not release figures, it was estimated that Balmain's revenue increased 15 to 20 percent between 2012 and 2015. [4] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-4) Rousteing opened a Balmain store in London (/wiki/London) , Balmain's first stand-alone boutique outside of Paris. [9] (#cite_note-Schneier-9) A New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) store opened in SoHo in April 2016. [10] (#cite_note-10) Other stores are in the planning stage. [9] (#cite_note-Schneier-9) With the help of celebrity friends like Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) , Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) , Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) , EMFAM and various models, including those from Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , Rousteing helped Balmain become the first French label to surpass one million followers on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . [9] (#cite_note-Schneier-9) [11] (#cite_note-Vingan-11) In 2022, Rousteing signed with the Creative Artists Agency (/wiki/Creative_Artists_Agency) “to explore new business-building opportunities in entertainment and popular culture that are complementary to his role as Balmain creative director.” [12] (#cite_note-12) Other activities [ edit ] Rousteing designed the costumes for the opera, Renaissance – a 27-minute ballet (/wiki/Ballet) with 22 dancers, [13] (#cite_note-13) which was choreographed by Sébastien Bertaud and opened at Opéra de Paris (/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Paris) on 13 June 2017. [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Rousteing was adopted and is gay. [15] (#cite_note-15) Though he had previously believed he was mixed race (/wiki/Mixed_race) because of his skin colour, in 2019, he discovered that he is fully African, with a Somali (/wiki/Somalia) birth mother and an Ethiopian (/wiki/Ethiopian) birth father. [16] (#cite_note-16) The 2019 documentary Wonder Boy (/wiki/Wonder_Boy_(2019_film)) , written and directed by Anissa Bonnefont, examines his professional career and his search for his biological mother, who was aged 15 when she had him. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "#AtHome with Olivier Rousteing: A look at his favorite Balmain Collections (Ep 1) #BalmainEnsemble" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyF7UU0Gltg) . Balmain. 2 April 2020 . Retrieved 28 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Drive Defined with Olivier Rousteing" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjAaIoxosec&t=31s) . Porsche. 16 March 2021 . Retrieved 28 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Inside Balmain Designer Olivier Rousteing’s Home Filled With Wonderful Objects \| Vogue , retrieved 25 January 2023 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Van Meter, William (2 April 2015). "Olivier Rousteing: A Self(ie)-Made Man" (http://www.out.com/fashion/2015/4/02/olivier-rousteing-selfie-made-man) . Out . LPI Media . Retrieved 11 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Olivier Rousteing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192639/https://en.vogue.fr/vogue-list/thevoguelist/olivier-rousteing/988) . Vogue France. Archived from the original (http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-list/thevoguelist/olivier-rousteing/988) on 26 June 2018 . Retrieved 17 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Voight, Rebecca (26 April 2011). "Olivier Rousteing Named New Designer at Balmain" (https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/26/olivier-rousteing-named-new-designer-at-balmain/) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Olivier Rousteing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130311221855/http://m.en.vogue.fr/thevoguelist/olivier-rousteing-1/344) . Vogue France . 29 June 2012. Archived from the original (http://m.en.vogue.fr/thevoguelist/olivier-rousteing-1/344) on 11 March 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-8) admin. "Exclusive Interview with Balmain's Olivier Rousteing." The D'Vine. Accessed January 26, 2014. http://www.the-dvine.com/2012/11/exclusive-interview-with-balmains-olivier-rousteing/ (http://www.the-dvine.com/2012/11/exclusive-interview-with-balmains-olivier-rousteing/) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Schneier, Matthew (29 June 2015). "Olivier Rousteing Puts Balmain Men's Wear on the Runway" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/30/fashion/paris-mens-fashion-spring-2015-balmain-olivier-rousteing.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=style&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Style&pgtype=article) . The New York Times . Retrieved 11 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Balmain Has Officially Opened Its NYC Flagship Store" (https://www.papermag.com/balmain-opens-flagship-store-1710103151.html) . PAPER . 5 April 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-Vingan_11-0) Vingan, Alyssa (3 April 2015). "Balmain's Olivier Rousteing Opens Up About Industry Racism and Instagram in 'Out' (http://fashionista.com/2015/04/olivier-rousteing-out-magazine) " (http://fashionista.com/2015/04/olivier-rousteing-out-magazine) . Fashionista (/wiki/Fashionista_(website)) . Breaking Media, Inc . Retrieved 11 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ryma Chikhoune (27 April 2022), EXCLUSIVE: Olivier Rousteing Signs With CAA (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/olivier-rousteing-signs-caa-1235166884/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Crisell, Hattie. "Balmain's Ballet: First Look At Olivier Rousteing's Designs For The Paris Opéra" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/balmain-olivier-rousteing-designs-costumes-for-paris-opera-ballet) . Vogue UK . Retrieved 27 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Bertaud / Bouché / Paul / Valastro - Ballet - Season 16/17 Programming" (https://www.operadeparis.fr/en/season-16-17/ballet/bertaud-bouche-paul-valastro) . Opéra national de Paris . Retrieved 27 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Weir, Laura. "Olivier Rousteing's Childhood Memories" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/olivier-rousteing-balmain-interview-vogue-september-issue) . Vogue UK . Retrieved 27 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Friedman, Vanessa. "The Truth About Olivier Rousteing" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/style/olivier-rousteing-adoption-film-balmain.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 September 2019 . External links [ edit ] (in French) Avec Olivier Rousteing (http://www.canalplus.fr/c-divertissement/c-le-petit-journal/pid6515-le-petit-journal.html?vid=1218640) , Le Petit Journal , Canal Plus (/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)) En el despacho (http://www.codigounico.com/business-class/despacho-olivier-rousteing.html) , Código Único (http://www.codigounico.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/140149717584710951919) Artists KulturNav (http://kulturnav.org/5bc192ac-4527-477d-8526-c5aee6cf135c) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.canary‐544fb7cb4c‐9v6rm Cached time: 20240719164016 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.475 seconds Real time usage: 0.580 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2550/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34625/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2148/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60230/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.344/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21325784/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 556.220 1 -total 26.05% 144.914 1 Template:Reflist 22.08% 122.799 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.41% 119.095 1 Template:IPA-fr 21.21% 117.967 1 Template:IPA 18.67% 103.844 8 Template:Cite_web 14.22% 79.067 1 Template:ACArt 8.60% 47.811 1 Template:Short_description 6.03% 33.550 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.63% 31.340 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39064341-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719164016 and revision id 1235506699. 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Romanian-American business executive (born 1957) Anastasia Soare Soare in 2018 Born Anastasia Bălămaci ( 1957-12-28 ) 28 December 1957 (age 66) [1] (#cite_note-nu-1) Constanța (/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba) , Romania Nationality Romanian American Occupation Businesswoman Known for CEO and founder, Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) Spouse Victor Soare ( m. 1978; div. 1994) Children 1 Anastasia Soare ( née (/wiki/Name_at_birth) Bălămaci ) (born 28 December 1957) [1] (#cite_note-nu-1) is a Romanian-American businesswoman, and the CEO and founder of Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) , known as the "Eyebrow Queen". [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) [3] (#cite_note-elle-3) Early life [ edit ] Soare was born in Constanța (/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba) , Romania. [4] (#cite_note-4) [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) [5] (#cite_note-forbes-5) She is the child of Dumitru Bălămaci (who died when she was 12) and Victoria Babu, who owned a tailoring shop. [6] (#cite_note-people.com-6) She studied art history and architecture in Romania. [5] (#cite_note-forbes-5) [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Career [ edit ] Soare spoke very little English in 1989 when she moved to Los Angeles, where she worked as an aesthetician (/wiki/Cosmetology#Aesthetician) at a beauty salon and soon realized that eyebrows were an under-explored area. "I developed a technique for how to shape eyebrows according to people's bone structure and natural eyebrow shape". [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) As her manager did not think there was enough of a market, she rented a room in a Beverly Hills salon, providing facials, body waxing, and eyebrow sculpting. [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) By 1997, she was running her own salon on Beverly Hills' Bedford Drive. [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) As a beautician, she has stated that her first two clients for an eyebrow treatment were Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) and Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) . [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Other clients have included Faye Dunaway (/wiki/Faye_Dunaway) and Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) . [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) Soare is the CEO and founder of Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) beauty brand, available in almost 2,000 stores internationally. [2] (#cite_note-time.com-2) In 2018, Soare sold a minority stake in the business to portion to a private equity firm. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In 2023, Forbes estimated the value of all of Anastasia Beverly Hills at approximately $500 million. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Personal life [ edit ] In 1978, she married Victor Soare, a ship's captain. [6] (#cite_note-people.com-6) The couple has a daughter, Claudia (known professionally as Norvina), who is also active in the makeup business. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) In 1986, while his ship was docked in Italy, Victor Soare visited the American embassy and asked for asylum. He reached the United States six months later. [9] (#cite_note-allure.com-9) However, Soare and her daughter were not allowed to leave Romania to join him in the United States until 1989. [5] (#cite_note-forbes-5) [9] (#cite_note-allure.com-9) Victor and Anastasia divorced in 1994. [6] (#cite_note-people.com-6) [9] (#cite_note-allure.com-9) She lives in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , California, US. [10] (#cite_note-Forbes_profile-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Mitu, Rodica (12 October 2020). "Nu o să-ți vină să crezi ce vârstă are Anastasia Soare" (https://www.dcnews.ro/nu-o-sa-ti-vina-sa-crezi-ce-varsta-are-anastasia-soare_777176.html) . DCNews (in Romanian) . Retrieved 2023-02-28 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Schrodt, Paul (July 18, 2018). "Meet the Woman Behind Anastasia Beverly Hills, a Self-Made Billionaire 'Eyebrow Queen' Who Fled Communism in the '80s to Start a Beauty Empire" (https://money.com/anastasia-soare-makeup-billionaire-interview/) . Money.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200922111258/https://money.com/anastasia-soare-makeup-billionaire-interview/https://web.archive.org/web/20200922111258/https://money.com/anastasia-soare-makeup-billionaire-interview/) from the original on September 22, 2020 . Retrieved 24 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-elle_3-0) Dawson Hoff, Victoria (25 August 2014). "11 Must-Know Tips From the Industry's Eyebrow Queen" (https://www.elle.com/beauty/news/a15476/insider-eyebrow-tips-anastasia-soare/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 30 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet the Artist: Anastasia Soare" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181104211116/https://www.anastasiabeverlyhills.com/the-arch/?cid=the-arch-229) . Anastasia Beverly Hills . Archived from the original (https://www.anastasiabeverlyhills.com/the-arch/?cid=the-arch-229) on 4 November 2018 . Retrieved 4 November 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Berg, Madeline. "America's Newest Beauty Billionaire Built An Empire Targeting Women's Eyebrows" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2018/05/11/americas-newest-beauty-billionaire-built-an-empire-targeting-womens-eyebrows/) . forbes.com . Retrieved 24 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Arch Angel" (https://people.com/archive/arch-angel-vol-48-no-21/) . people.com . Retrieved 26 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Jacques, Renee (29 December 2015). "5 Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Anastasia Beverly Hills" (https://www.allure.com/story/history-of-anastasia-beverly-hills) . allure.com . Retrieved 26 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Anastasia Soare" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/anastasia-soare/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2024-02-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Immigrants in Beauty: Anastasia Soare" (https://www.allure.com/story/immigrants-in-beauty-anastasia-soare-anastasia-beverly-hills-founder) . allure.com . 6 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_profile_10-0) "Forbes profile: Anastasia Soare" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/anastasia-soare/) . Forbes . Retrieved 21 November 2018 . 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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Korean_online_fashion_retailers&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( December 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This list comprises online retailers, both Korean and non-Korean, that offer Korean fashion items for sale. It's important to note that this list excludes websites associated with Korean fashion brands that exclusively market their products through their own dedicated online stores. For a comprehensive rundown of major Korean fashion brands, please consult the article titled " Fashion in South Korea (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) ." Korean online general retailers [ edit ] The following is a list of Korean online retailers, dealing with a wide variety of retail items, including fashion items. Kmall24 (/wiki/Kmall24) G-Market (/wiki/G-Market) Inter Park (/wiki/Inter_Park) Korean online fashion retailers [ edit ] The following is a list of Korean online retailers, selling exclusively fashion items. Kakao Style (/wiki/KakaoTalk) Stylenanda (/wiki/Stylenanda) Non-Korean online retailers [ edit ] This list includes online fashion retailers which are not located in Korea (/wiki/Korea) . These webpages sell Korean-Fashion, K-Beauty products as well as K-Fashion inspired products. YesStyle (/wiki/YesAsia) See also [ edit ] Fashion in South Korea (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Shopping in Seoul (/wiki/Shopping_in_Seoul) List of South Korean retail companies (/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_retail_companies) List of Korean clothing (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐qn5jg Cached time: 20240713123219 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.095 seconds Real time usage: 0.151 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 238/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5943/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 216/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1653/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.056/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1537256/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 133.875 1 -total 58.64% 78.507 1 Template:Short_description 41.26% 55.242 1 Template:Promotion 35.67% 47.756 1 Template:Ambox 32.14% 43.023 2 Template:Pagetype 15.21% 20.368 2 Template:Main_other 13.79% 18.467 1 Template:SDcat 3.06% 4.090 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck 1.35% 1.811 1 Template:First_word Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48988915-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713123219 and revision id 1169490921. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Korean_online_fashion_retailers&oldid=1169490921 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Korean_online_fashion_retailers&oldid=1169490921) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lists of retailers (/wiki/Category:Lists_of_retailers) Lists of companies of South Korea (/wiki/Category:Lists_of_companies_of_South_Korea) Online retailers of South Korea (/wiki/Category:Online_retailers_of_South_Korea) Fashion-related lists (/wiki/Category:Fashion-related_lists) Fashion industry (/wiki/Category:Fashion_industry) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with a promotional tone from December 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_December_2018) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone)
i.am+ Industry Consumer electronics (/wiki/Consumer_electronics) Founded 2013 ; 11 years ago ( 2013 ) Headquarters Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) Owner Will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) over.ai (https://over.ai/) Wink (/wiki/Wink_(platform)) Website iamplus (https://iamplus.com/) .com (https://iamplus.com/) i.am+ [1] (#cite_note-1) is an American technology company based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California. [2] (#cite_note-2) The company was founded by musician Will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) , an American singer and rapper known for being a member of the Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas) , [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) in 2013 with the mission of "creating wearable products that combine fashion and technology." [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2016, i.am+ acquired Israeli (/wiki/Israel) machine learning software company Sensiya, now known as over.ai. [5] (#cite_note-5) Products [ edit ] i.am+ camera for iPhone 4 [ edit ] In 2012 i.am+ announced a camera accessory for the iPhone 4 (/wiki/IPhone_4) . [6] (#cite_note-6) dial [ edit ] dial was a SIM (/wiki/SIM_card) -enabled smartwatch (/wiki/Smartwatch) available in the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) exclusively through Three (/wiki/Three_UK) . Featuring a voice-enabled AI (/wiki/Artificial_intelligence) named AneedA, the smartwatch is the first of its kind with a conversational operating system (/wiki/Operating_system) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The dial is also does not need to be tethered to a smart phone and can send calls and SMS (/wiki/Short_Message_Service) messages independently. Included with the dial is a music streaming service (/wiki/Comparison_of_on-demand_streaming_music_services) with over 20 million songs. EPs [ edit ] i.am+ EPs are high-end Bluetooth (/wiki/Bluetooth) headphones. The circular and phones form was supposedly designed to echo their namesake vinyl records. The EPs feature a woven fabric cable and a magnetic clip so they can be worn around the neck when not in use. [8] (#cite_note-8) BUTTONS [ edit ] The EPs were replaced with the 2nd generation of bluetooth headphones (now called i.am+ BUTTONS). i.am+ BUTTONS launched in November 2016. [9] (#cite_note-9) over.ai [ edit ] In July 2016, i.am+ acquired Israeli company Sensiya, now over.ai, to continue research and development of their machine learning and natural language understanding technologies. [10] (#cite_note-10) Wink [ edit ] In July 2017, i.am+ purchased Wink (/wiki/Wink_(platform)) , a software and hardware manufacturer, from Flex (/wiki/Flex_(company)) in a $38.7 million deal. [11] (#cite_note-11) Earin [ edit ] In January 2018 i.am+ attempted to acquire Swedish earbuds startup Earin. [12] (#cite_note-12) The acquisition later fell through for undisclosed reasons. [13] (#cite_note-13) Omega Voice Assistant [ edit ] In October 2018, i.am+ announced a new platform agnostic voice assistant called Omega. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2018, Majid Al Futtaim (/wiki/Majid_Al_Futtaim) formed a partnership with i.am+ to introduce its omega technology in the Middle east (/wiki/Middle_East) , Asia (/wiki/Asia) , and Africa (/wiki/Africa) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Funding [ edit ] In November 2017, the company secured $117 million in funding. Prior to this, it had raised $89 million from a group, including Salesforce Ventures. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Controversy [ edit ] In 2019, federal government of the United States lodged a lien for alleged non-payment of taxes. [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Iam+. "i.am \|" (http://iamplus.com) . iamplus.com . Retrieved 2016-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "I.am+" (https://iamplus.com/contact/) . ^ Jump up to: a b Rodriguez, Salvador (2017-11-06). "Will.i.am's start-up has raised $117 million as it pivots from hardware to customer support chatbot" (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/will-i-ams-start-up-i-am-raises-117-million-in-enterprise-pivot.html) . CNBC . Retrieved 2021-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Inside The Black Eyed Peas' 'Leap of Faith' Second Act" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/9593093/black-eyed-peas-25th-anniversary-interview/) . Billboard . Retrieved 2021-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Will.i.am's Smartwatch Startup Acquires Israeli Firm" (http://www.labusinessjournal.com/news/2016/may/03/williams-smartwatch-startup-acquires-israeli-firm/) . Los Angeles Business Journal . Retrieved 2016-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Georgia Dehn. "Will.i.am's iPhone accessories to 'turn smartphones into genius phones' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9693349/Will.i.ams-iPhone-accessories-to-turn-smartphones-into-genius-phones.html) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9693349/Will.i.ams-iPhone-accessories-to-turn-smartphones-into-genius-phones.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 29 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Vincent, James (2016-04-29). "Will.i.am's smartphone-free smartwatch is available to preorder in the UK" (https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/29/11535276/will-i-am-smartwatch-on-sale-dial-uk) . The Verge . Retrieved 2021-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sade (2016-05-24). "New Release: Will.i.am iam EPs Bluetooth Headphones" (https://majorhifi.com/will-iam-eps-bluetooth-headphones/) . Major HiFi . Retrieved 2021-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Bang & Olufsen's New Earphones Are Perfect for Working Out" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2016/11/02/will-i-am-wireless-buttons-bluetooth-earphones/) . 22 May 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Will.i.am's Smartwatch Startup Acquires Israeli Firm \| Los Angeles Business Journal" (https://labusinessjournal.com/news/2016/may/03/williams-smartwatch-startup-acquires-israeli-firm/) . labusinessjournal.com . Retrieved 2020-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ingrid Lunden. "i.am+ buys Wink, the smart home hub previously owned by Flextronics and Quirky" (https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/27/i-am-buys-wink-the-smart-home-hub-previously-owned-by-flextronics/) . TechCrunch (/wiki/TechCrunch) . Retrieved 27 July 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Wireless earbud startup Earin bought by Will.i.am's tech company" (https://securitybaron.com/news/will-i-ams-omega-voice-assistant-takes-on-google-alexa-and-siri/) . The Verge . 2018-10-08 . Retrieved 2018-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Will.i.am's acquisition of wireless earbud startup Earin has fallen through" (https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/10/18564052/will-i-ams-iamplus-earin-true-wireless-earbuds-acquisition-cancelled) . The Verge . 2019-05-10 . Retrieved 2019-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Figueroa, Mia (8 October 2018). "Will.i.am's Omega Voice Assistant Takes on Google, Alexa, and Siri" (https://securitybaron.com/news/will-i-ams-omega-voice-assistant-takes-on-google-alexa-and-siri/) . securitybaron.com . Retrieved 2018-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Opinion: Where is the money, will.i.am?" (https://www.arabianbusiness.com/comment/432705-where-is-the-money-william) . arabianbusiness . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Dubai's Majid Al Futtaim denies it owes money to Will.i.am's tech company" (https://www.arabianbusiness.com/banking-finance/431770-dubais-majid-al-futtaim-denies-it-owes-money-to-williams-tech-company) . arabianbusiness . This article about a technological corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Funeral related merchant A mourning warehouse or maison de deuil was a shop which sold goods for funerals (/wiki/Funeral) and the elaborate mourning (/wiki/Mourning) of the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) . These included dark clothing and fabric which might be required for years of wear after a death. These establishments could also provide large items such as coffins (/wiki/Coffin) , a hearse (/wiki/Hearse) and appropriate horses to draw it. Large mourning warehouses were established in many American and European cities during the 19th century. In London, these included Peter Robinson's Family and General Mourning Warehouse (/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(department_store)) in Oxford Street (/wiki/Oxford_Street) and The London General Mourning Warehouse (/wiki/The_London_General_Mourning_Warehouse) , established by W. C. Jay in Regent Street (/wiki/Regent_Street) in 1841. [1] (#cite_note-Lightfoot-1) In Paris, the Grande Maison de Noir was established in the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) . [2] (#cite_note-Taylor-2) In the 20th century, the fashion for elaborate funerals and mourning declined. The surviving establishments, such as Hanningtons (/wiki/Hanningtons) of Brighton, tended to diversify by becoming more general department stores (/wiki/Department_store) . [2] (#cite_note-Taylor-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Lightfoot_1-0) D. Tulla Lightfoot (2019), The Culture and Art of Death in 19th Century America , McFarland, pp. 93–94, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781476635187 ^ Jump up to: a b Lou Taylor (2009), Mourning Dress: A Costume and Social History , Routledge, pp. 157–168, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781135228439 This Europe-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mourning_warehouse&action=edit) . v t e This article about the history of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mourning_warehouse&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐rp9lr Cached time: 20240712233449 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.221 seconds Real time usage: 0.384 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 573/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10959/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 840/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16337/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3953917/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.834 1 -total 34.35% 123.604 1 Template:Short_description 30.22% 108.753 2 Template:Asbox 29.47% 106.061 1 Template:Europe-stub 27.75% 99.858 1 Template:Reflist 23.00% 82.754 2 Template:Citation 20.90% 75.209 4 Template:Main_other 20.29% 73.009 1 Template:SDcat 10.32% 37.151 2 Template:Pagetype 4.52% 16.262 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63161667-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712233449 and revision id 1223372784. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mourning_warehouse&oldid=1223372784 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mourning_warehouse&oldid=1223372784) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Funeral-related industry (/wiki/Category:Funeral-related_industry) Mourning warehouses (/wiki/Category:Mourning_warehouses) Europe stubs (/wiki/Category:Europe_stubs) Cultural history stubs (/wiki/Category:Cultural_history_stubs) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020) Use British English from February 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_February_2020) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Tailors (/wiki/Tailor) from Germany (/wiki/Germany) , tradespersons (/wiki/Tradesperson) who make, repair, or alter clothing professionally, especially suits and men's clothing. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7b54979676‐xrdbt Cached time: 20240716100617 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66011913-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716100617 and revision id 1083747786. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "German tailors" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Albrecht Berblinger (/wiki/Albrecht_Berblinger) D Oskar Daubmann (/wiki/Oskar_Daubmann) F Mika'ela Fisher (/wiki/Mika%27ela_Fisher) L Günter Litfin (/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Litfin) M Bernhard Mayer (/wiki/Bernhard_Mayer) Franz Müller (/wiki/Franz_M%C3%BCller) S Margarete Steiff (/wiki/Margarete_Steiff) Franz Suchomel (/wiki/Franz_Suchomel) Z Gerda von Zobeltitz (/wiki/Gerda_von_Zobeltitz) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_tailors&oldid=1083747786 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_tailors&oldid=1083747786) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Tailors (/wiki/Category:Tailors) German businesspeople (/wiki/Category:German_businesspeople)
Online shopping website based in the United States Gilt Groupe Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Founded 2007 Founders Kevin P. Ryan (/wiki/Kevin_P._Ryan) , Michael Bryzek (/w/index.php?title=Michael_Bryzek&action=edit&redlink=1) , Phong Nguyen, Alexis Maybank, Alexandra Wilkis Wilson (/wiki/Alexandra_Wilkis_Wilson) Headquarters New York, N.Y. , USA Key people Jonathan Greller ( President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) ) [1] (#cite_note-Team_\|_Gilt_Groupe_\|_About-1) Owner Rue La La Number of employees More than 1000 [2] (#cite_note-Gilt_Groupe_-_Company_Overview-2) Website gilt (http://gilt.com) .com (http://gilt.com) Gilt is an American online shopping (/wiki/Online_shopping) launched in 2007. [3] (#cite_note-3) On January 7, 2016, The company was sold to Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) for approximately $250 million. Prior to the Hudson's Bay acquisition, sales were exceeding growth projections but the firm had not been profitable (/wiki/Profit_(economics)) yet. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) On June 4, 2018, Boston (/wiki/Boston) , Massachusetts (/wiki/Massachusetts) -based Rue La La (/w/index.php?title=Rue_La_La&action=edit&redlink=1) acquired Gilt from Hudson's Bay. [8] (#cite_note-8) History [ edit ] Gilt Groupe is based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with warehouses in Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) , Las Vegas, Nevada (/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada) , and Shepherdsville, Kentucky (/wiki/Shepherdsville,_Kentucky) . The company was co-founded by Kevin P. Ryan (/wiki/Kevin_P._Ryan) , Michael Bryzek and Phong Nguyen, with Alexis Maybank, and Alexandra Wilson joining shortly after the company's inception; [9] (#cite_note-9) who modeled Gilt after Vente-Privee, an online fashion retailer in France. The original business plan consisted of "flash sales," selling a limited number of luxury designer items at steep discounts for brief periods. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The company launched women's clothing and accessories in November 2007 and menswear (/wiki/Menswear) in April 2008. It added Gilt Groupe Japan, Gilt Fuse, and travel site Jetsetter in 2009. [10] (#cite_note-10) It later added, Gilt City and Gilt Home in 2010 and Gilt Taste in 2011. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2009, growth equity (/wiki/Growth_equity) firm General Atlantic (/wiki/General_Atlantic) led a series C (/wiki/Series_C) funding round, joined by previous investor Matrix Partners (/wiki/Matrix_Partners) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) By February 2014, Gilt Groupe was preparing for an IPO (/wiki/IPO) . [14] (#cite_note-Gilt_IPO_Puts_Eyes_on_Flash_Model-14) In 2010, Gilt acquired luxury deal-of-the-day (/wiki/One_deal_a_day) site Bergine. [15] (#cite_note-15) This was the first of several acquisitions. According to Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) , during its "hyper-growth years, the company overextended itself and lost focus", as the expanded business segments such as "Full-price retail, travel, and food were sucking resources from Gilt's core categories — discounted women's fashion", and Gilt was forced to sell these non-core businesses at a loss. Flash sales companies were also seeing slower growth, thanks in part to e-mail fatigue (the key means for flash sales to be promoted) with e-mail providers increasingly classifying these messages as spam). The IPO kept getting delayed and ending up never happening, while the firm never reached profitability. [ citation needed ] By 2015, Gilt was raising money "at a lower valuation than the $1 billion at which it reportedly raised $138 million in 2011". Such a cash infusion is known as "down round" which hurts employee morale and devalues the founders' stakes. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) On January 7, 2016, Gilt Groupe announced its acquisition (/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions) by Hudson's Bay Company, owner of luxury department store (/wiki/Department_store) chains Hudson's Bay (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_(retailer)) , Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) and Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , for $250 million. [16] (#cite_note-16) In June 2018 it was announced the HBC would be selling Gilt to Rue La La. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) On October 2, 2019, Gilt Groupe and Simon Property Group (/wiki/Simon_Property_Group) announced a joint venture (/wiki/Joint_venture) for ShopPremiumOutlets.com, an online shopping platform focused on its outlet malls (/wiki/Outlet_mall) , to create a new e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) platform dedicated to value shopping. [19] (#cite_note-:6-19) Business [ edit ] Gilt Groupe visitors must be members in order to view sales. Sales last 36–48 hours and feature merchandise from a single brand (/wiki/Brand) or small groups of brands. The firm purchases vendor inventory at an extreme discount, adding a margin (/wiki/Margin_(economics)) in order to make a profit (/wiki/Profit_(accounting)) . On August 22, 2011, Gilt Groupe added a Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) shopping section. [20] (#cite_note-20) Android (/wiki/Android_(operating_system)) and iPhone (/wiki/IPhone) apps (/wiki/Mobile_app) allow mobile shopping, and access is also available for other smartphone (/wiki/Smartphone) and tablet devices. Book [ edit ] Penguin Group (/wiki/Penguin_Group) printed a history of Gilt Groupe in 2012 written by two of its founders, Alexis Maybank and Alexandra Wilkis Wilson. By Invitation Only: How We Built Gilt and Changed the Way Millions Shop was published before Gilt was bought out by Hudson's Bay; [21] (#cite_note-21) At that time the firm was valued at more than $1 billion, [22] (#cite_note-22) over four times greater than its eventual selling price. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Team_\|_Gilt_Groupe_\|_About_1-0) Team \| Gilt Groupe \| About (http://www.gilt.com/company/team) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120407200636/http://www.gilt.com/company/team) 2012-04-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Gilt.com. ^ (#cite_ref-Gilt_Groupe_-_Company_Overview_2-0) Gilt Groupe - Company Overview ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Author Series with Alexis Maybank of Gilt Groupe" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3wTTEH0LwI&list=PLDEB831CA452F0230&index=1&feature=plcp) . New York Technology Council. August 7, 2012. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/E3wTTEH0LwI) from the original on 2021-12-20. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Four years ago Gilt Groupe was the hottest startup in New York — Here's what happened" (http://www.businessinsider.com/gilt-groupe-story-2015-2) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2018-05-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b O'Brien, Sara Ashley. "Has Gilt Groupe hit the clearance rack?" (https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/15/technology/gilt-groupe-hudsons-bay-saks/) . CNNMoney . Retrieved 2018-05-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gilt Groupe sale leaves winners, losers and a cautionary tale" (http://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2016/01/20/gilt-groupe-sale-leaves-winners-losers-and-a.html) . www.bizjournals.com . Retrieved 2018-05-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gilt Groupe's Very Cloudy Future" (http://www.recode.net/2015/3/16/11560292/gilt-groupes-very-cloudy-future) . Recode . Retrieved 2018-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Segran, Elizabeth (2018-06-04). "Breaking: Rue La La acquires Gilt Groupe" (https://www.fastcompany.com/40581020/breaking-rue-la-la-acquires-gilt-groupe) . Fast Company . Retrieved 2019-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Kucera, Danielle (June 21, 2011). "Stilettos Invade Startups as Niche-Shopping Sites Attract Women" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-21/stilettos-invade-startups-as-niche-shopping-sites-attract-women) . www.bloomberg.com . Retrieved 2020-09-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Shambora, Jessica (September 30, 2009). "Gilt Groupe's Jetsetter takes off" (http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2009/09/30/gilt-groupes-jetsetter-takes-off/) . CNN . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fabricant, Florence (2011-05-17). "Gilt Taste Arrives, With Ruth Reichl at the Helm" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/18/dining/gilt-taste-arrives-with-ruth-reichl-at-the-helm.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) McMahan, Ty. "Venture Capitalists Prove They Have A Fashion Sense" (https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/07/02/venture-capitalists-prove-they-have-a-fashion-sense/) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 16 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Gilt Groupe, Inc. Announces New Growth Capital Investment" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gilt-groupe-inc-announces-new-growth-capital-investment-62201172.html) . PRNewswire . Retrieved 16 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gilt_IPO_Puts_Eyes_on_Flash_Model_14-0) Strugatz, Rachel (13 February 2014). "Gilt IPO Puts Eyes on Flash Model" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/financial/gilt-ipo-puts-eyes-on-flash-model-7449057?src=nl/mornReport/20140213) . WWD . Retrieved 13 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fowler, Geoffrey A. (2010-10-26). "Gilt Makes its First Acquisition: Bergine" (https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/10/26/gilt-makes-its-first-acquisition-bergine/) . Wall Street Journal . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Gilt Groupe to Announce Sale to Saks Fifth Avenue Owner as Soon as Thursday Morning" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160107075532/http://recode.net/2016/01/06/gilt-groupe-to-announce-sale-to-saks-fifth-avenue-owner-as-soon-as-thursday-morning/) . Re/code . Archived from the original (http://recode.net/2016/01/06/gilt-groupe-to-announce-sale-to-saks-fifth-avenue-owner-as-soon-as-thursday-morning/) on 2016-01-07 . Retrieved 2016-01-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) La, Rue La. "Rue La La to Acquire Gilt" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rue-la-la-to-acquire-gilt-300659396.html) . www.prnewswire.com (Press release) . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "HBC To Shutter Home Outfitters Chain, Up To 20 Saks OFF 5TH Stores - Retail TouchPoints" (https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/features/news-briefs/hbc-to-shutter-home-outfitters-chain-up-to-20-saks-off-5th-stores) . www.retailtouchpoints.com . 25 February 2019 . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-:6_19-0) "Simon Property to invest $280M in online shopping venture" (https://www.ibj.com/articles/simon-to-invest-280m-in-online-shopping-venture) . Recode . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) August 22, 2011 Gilt goes after Facebook shoppers (http://www.internetretailer.com/2011/08/22/gilt-goes-after-facebook-shoppers) internetretailer.com ^ (#cite_ref-21) Essential Business Reads (https://web.archive.org/web/20120416232331/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-13/gilt-groupe-founders-essential-business-reads) Business Week (/wiki/Business_Week) 2012-04-13 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Alexis Maybank and Alexandra Wilkis Wilson, By Invitation Only: How We Built Gilt and Changed the Way Millions Shop Penguin Group (/wiki/Penguin_Group) , 2012 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.gilt.com/) v t e Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) Current holdings Hudson's Bay (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_(department_store)) Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) Saks Off 5th (/wiki/Saks_Off_5th) SaksWorks (/wiki/SaksWorks) Zellers (/wiki/Zellers) (1978–2020, 2023–present) Former holdings Shop-Rite (/wiki/Shop-Rite_(Canada)) (1972–1982) Designer Depot (/wiki/Designer_Depot) (2004–2008) Fortunoff (/wiki/Fortunoff) (2008–2009) Fields (/wiki/Fields_(department_store)) (1978–2012) I. G. 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Brazilian model In this Portuguese name (/wiki/Portuguese_name) , the first or maternal family name (/wiki/Surname) is Pereira and the second or paternal family name is de Oliveira . Laís Ribeiro Ribeiro at the 2014 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in London Born Laís Pereira de Oliveira [3] (#cite_note-3) ( 1989-10-05 ) 5 October 1989 (age 34) [4] (#cite_note-Birthday-4) Miguel Alves (/wiki/Miguel_Alves) , Piauí (/wiki/Piau%C3%AD) , Brazil [5] (#cite_note-FMD-5) Occupation Model Spouse Joakim Noah (/wiki/Joakim_Noah) ( m. 2022) [6] (#cite_note-marriage-6) Children 1 [7] (#cite_note-7) Modeling information Height 6 ft 0 in (1.82 m) [1] (#cite_note-joymgmt-1) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (New York, Paris) Monster Management (Milan) Next Model Management (/wiki/Next_Model_Management) (London) Traffic Models (Barcelona) IMM Bruxelles (Brussels) [2] (#cite_note-2) Joy Model Management (São Paulo) [1] (#cite_note-joymgmt-1) Laís Ribeiro (born Laís Pereira de Oliveira ; 5 October 1989) [4] (#cite_note-Birthday-4) is a Brazilian model [8] (#cite_note-8) known for her work as a Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Angel. Career [ edit ] Prior to becoming a model, Ribeiro was in training to become a nurse. [9] (#cite_note-9) She has walked for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , among many others. Ribeiro has featured in editorials for various international versions of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , as well as featuring in GQ (/wiki/GQ) , Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) , and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) . [5] (#cite_note-FMD-5) She also works for Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) and has appeared in several of their fashion shows (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) , adverts (/wiki/Advertising) , and catalogues (/wiki/Mail_order) . In 2015, Ribeiro, was named as one of their Angels and in 2017, was chosen to wear their Fantasy Bra—the $2,000,000 Champagne Nights bra designed by Mouawad (/wiki/Mouawad) , featuring: handset diamonds (/wiki/Diamond) , yellow sapphires (/wiki/Sapphire) , and blue topaz (/wiki/Topaz) in 18 karat (/wiki/Fineness#Karat) gold (/wiki/Gold) —during their fashion show. [5] (#cite_note-FMD-5) [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life [ edit ] In May 2008, Ribeiro gave birth to her son, and in 2013, he received an autism (/wiki/Autism_spectrum) diagnosis. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2014, she began dating American basketball player Jared Homan (/wiki/Jared_Homan) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) They have since broken up, and in September 2018, she began dating NBA player Joakim Noah (/wiki/Joakim_Noah) . [15] (#cite_note-15) A year later they became engaged. [16] (#cite_note-16) On 13 July 2022, Ribeiro and Noah were married in Trancoso (/wiki/Trancoso,_Bahia) in her native country Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) . [6] (#cite_note-marriage-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Lais Ribeiro" (https://www.joymgmt.com/pt/modelo/97/lais-ribeiro) . Joy Model Management . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "IMM - LAIS RIBEIRO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024019/https://www.immbruxelles.com/special/model/lais-ribeiro) . www.immbruxelles.com . Archived from the original (https://www.immbruxelles.com/special/model/lais-ribeiro) on 7 April 2022 . Retrieved 11 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Cut – ScarJo, Dunst, & More: Glorious Fashion Photos From the Last Decade" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210726063101/https://www.thecut.com/2014/04/looking-back-glorious-photos-from-the-decade.html) . The Cut . 11 April 2014. Archived from the original (https://www.thecut.com/2014/04/looking-back-glorious-photos-from-the-decade.html) on 26 July 2021 . Retrieved 5 May 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lais Ribeiro" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210729232041/https://www.zimbio.com/Lais+Ribeiro) . Livingly Media (/wiki/Livingly_Media) . Archived from the original (https://www.zimbio.com/Lais+Ribeiro) on 29 July 2021 . Retrieved 29 July 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Profile of Lais Ribeiro (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Lais_Ribeiro/) fashionmodeldirectory.com . Retrieved 2 February 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b Della Negra, Guilherme (13 July 2022). "Lais Ribeiro se casa com astro do basquete Joakim Noah em Trancoso" (https://www.eonline.com/br/news/1337905/lais-ribeiro-se-casa-com-astro-do-basquete-joakim-noah-em-trancoso) . E!Online (/wiki/E!Online) . Retrieved 13 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lim, James (3 May 2010). "Meet the New Girl Lais Ribeiro" (http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/05/meet_the_new_girl_lais_ribeiro.html) . New York Times Fashion . Retrieved 4 August 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Lais Ribeiro - Model" (https://models.com/models/lais-ribeiro) . MODELS.com . Retrieved 15 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Victoria's Secret: Olivier Rousteing meets Lais Ribeiro & Devon Windsor" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9PULq2QFvY) . 5 February 2015 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Everything to Know About Lais Ribeiro and the 2017 VS Fantasy Bra" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a13132853/victorias-secret-fantasy-bra-2017) . November 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "10 years old today 😭 they grow up so fast! Happy birthday to the most happy, sensitive and pure spirit person that I know (and it's not just because he's my son 😜) you always bring light to whatever situation you are in. Love you so much paizinho feliz aniversário 😍❤️" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Bi1RVfOA4zD) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "So this just happened guys! I always wanted to do a second tattoo and I couldn't find anything meaningful enough till a meeting that I had couple of weeks ago about autism and kids with special needs. Don't know if you guys know and I was never open about it but my son was diagnosed with autism 5 years ago. My first tattoo is his name on the back of my neck and finally I found what I wanted to be my second. I decided to do the symbol of autism (and kids with special needs) as a tattoo and it's beautiful and perfect just the way I wanted to be thanks to @robgreennyc THANK YOU SO MUCH! I'm so happy about it❤️ it means A LOT to me!" (https://www.instagram.com/p/BlZeKvJgaBb) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Complete Guide to the Husbands & Boyfriends of VS Angels" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a4564/victorias-secret-boyfriends-husbands/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 15 November 2017 . Retrieved 3 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Jared Homan on Instagram: 'Enjoyed the Rihanna & Eminem concert with these angels. @laisribeiro16 @adrianalima #rihanna #eminem #partybus #patronshots #greatnight' (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/rkz8bqv6CD) " (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/rkz8bqv6CD) . Instagram.com. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/rkz8bqv6CD/) on 24 December 2021 . Retrieved 22 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Joakim Noah's Victoria Secret Model GF Lais Ribeiro Rocks Thong Bikini in Malibu" (http://www.tmz.com/2018/11/05/joakim-noah-kissing-lais-ribeiro-malibu-beach-party-john-mcenroe-cindy-crawford-laird-hamilton-kenny-chesney/) . TMZ . Retrieved 5 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Victoria's Secret Angel Lais Ribeiro Engaged to NBA Player Joakim Noah" (https://people.com/style/lais-ribeiro-engaged-to-joakim-noah/) . People . 8 September 2019. External links [ edit ] Media related to Lais Ribeiro (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lais_Ribeiro) at Wikimedia Commons Lais Ribeiro (https://x.com/Lalaribeiro16) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Victoria's Secret (https://web.archive.org/web/20150729025639/http://vsallaccess.victoriassecret.com/supermodels/lais-ribeiro/) v t e Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret#Victoria's_Secret_Angels) Former Angels Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) Grace Elizabeth (/wiki/Grace_Elizabeth) Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) Alexina Graham (/wiki/Alexina_Graham) Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) Taylor 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Person who selects or recommends clothing and accessories for a client A personal stylist advises individuals on new fashion (/wiki/Fashion) trends, clothing styles, personal styles, colours (/wiki/Colour) and make-up (/wiki/Make-up) . A personal stylist is not to be confused with a wardrobe stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) , who selects the clothing for published editorial features, print or television (/wiki/Television) advertising campaigns, music videos (/wiki/Music_videos) , concert (/wiki/Concert) performances, and public appearances made by celebrities (/wiki/Celebrities) and models (/wiki/Model_(person)) . Personal stylists typically work one-on-one with the client, while wardrobe stylists are often part of a larger creative team collaborating with a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , photographer (/wiki/Photographer) , art director (/wiki/Art_director) , hair stylist (/wiki/Hair_stylist) , and makeup artist (/wiki/Makeup_artist) to put together a particular look or theme for a specific project. Personal styling [ edit ] A personal stylist is concerned with an individual rather than a particular fashion brand (/wiki/Brand) . With the recent rise of fame for celebrity stylists, like Rachel Zoe (/wiki/Rachel_Zoe) , Trinny and Susannah (/wiki/Trinny_and_Susannah) , and Gok Wan (/wiki/Gok_Wan) , and of the glut of reality television shows featuring makeovers and the day-to-day lives of personal stylists (e.g., The Rachel Zoe Project (/wiki/The_Rachel_Zoe_Project) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) ), the general public have heightened their interest and awareness in understanding the theory behind achieving styles that suit them. Personal stylists are now addressing this demand and serving the general public who view the service as a luxury but a beneficial experience. There are numerous personal stylists worldwide, and the numbers are growing steadily. A reputable personal stylist will be affiliated with an accredited industry body, such as the Federation of Image Professionals International (FIPI), [3] (#cite_note-3) which sets the industry standards in line with City and Guilds and is based in the UK (/wiki/UK) . Training is offered by a number of image schools and can take up to an intense month to complete. [ citation needed ] The United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) has a growing industry of personal stylists, who offer style and fashion tips and image consultancy for corporate customers. [ citation needed ] The vast range of designer and highstreet stores in London makes it a haven for personal stylists, and so London, in particular, is at the heart of the fashion community, with some saying [ who? ] that London has become the fashion capital of the World. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Klein, Alyssa Vingan; Brannigan, Maura (February 12, 2016). "FASHION REALITY TV STARS: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?: "Justin Bobby" has his own hair-care line, for starters" (https://fashionista.com/2016/02/fashion-reality-tv-stars) . Fashionista . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dua, Tanya (September 6, 2017). "Snapchat is launching a fashion reality show hosted by Kate Hudson's celebrity stylist just in time for Fashion Week" (https://www.businessinsider.com/snapchat-is-making-a-new-show-hosted-by-celebrity-stylist-sophie-lopez-2017-9) . Business Insider . > ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Federation of Image Professionals International" (http://www.fipigroup.com/) . fipigroup.com . Retrieved 1 July 2015 . This job-, occupation-, or vocation-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Personal_stylist&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xb6lp Cached time: 20240713211136 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.315 seconds Real time usage: 0.463 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1074/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18126/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3286/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15809/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.213/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4621400/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 433.448 1 -total 32.56% 141.126 1 Template:Short_description 30.98% 134.262 1 Template:Reflist 24.05% 104.251 2 Template:Cite_web 18.56% 80.454 6 Template:Main_other 17.83% 77.275 1 Template:SDcat 17.52% 75.948 1 Template:Job-stub 17.01% 73.731 1 Template:Asbox 15.92% 69.007 3 Template:Cn 15.07% 65.316 4 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13739474-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713211136 and revision id 1206528576. 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Hong Kong Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and fashion designer Viking Wong Born Wong Wai Chun ( 1987-01-17 ) 17 January 1987 (age 37) [1] (#cite_note-QUINTET-1) [2] (#cite_note-hkswim-2) British Hong Kong (/wiki/British_Hong_Kong) [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) [1] (#cite_note-QUINTET-1) Weight 88 kg (194 lb; 13 st 12 lb) Division Medium Heavy (/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu_weight_classes) Team Inglorious Grapplers Rank 2nd deg. BJJ (/wiki/BJJ) black belt [a] (#cite_note-belt-5) University London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) Notable school(s) Diocesan Boys' School (/wiki/Diocesan_Boys%27_School) [2] (#cite_note-hkswim-2) Australian International School Hong Kong (/wiki/Australian_International_School_Hong_Kong) [2] (#cite_note-hkswim-2) Medal record Representing Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Submission wrestling (/wiki/Submission_wrestling) ADCC Asian & Oceanic Championship (/wiki/ADCC_Submission_Fighting_World_Championship#ADCC_Asian_&_Oceanic_Championship) 2017 Tokyo, Japan (/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan) -88kg Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (/wiki/Brazilian_Jiu-Jitsu) Asian Championship (/wiki/Asian_Open_Championship_(Brazilian_jiu-jitsu)) 2019 Tokyo, Japan (/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan) -88kg 2018 Tokyo, Japan (/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan) -88kg 2017 Tokyo, Japan (/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan) -88kg European Championship (/wiki/European_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship) 2018 Lisbon, Portugal (/wiki/Lisbon,_Portugal) -88kg Chinese Name Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 黃維俊 Transcriptions Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) wong4 wai4 zeon3 Viking Wai Chun Wong ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 黃維俊 ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : wong4 wai4 zeon3 ; born 17 January 1987) is a Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) born fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu) (BJJ) black belt practitioner. [a] (#cite_note-belt-5) The first Chinese male to qualify and compete at the World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship (/wiki/World_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship) at adult black belt (/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu_ranking_system) level, [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) Wong is the first Chinese black belt Asian IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu (/wiki/Asian_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship) male Champion. [7] (#cite_note-:0-8) Background [ edit ] Viking Wong was born on 17 January 1987 in British Hong Kong (/wiki/British_Hong_Kong) . [1] (#cite_note-QUINTET-1) [2] (#cite_note-hkswim-2) [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) Wong's grandmother was a tailor and his family is in the garment manufacturing business. [8] (#cite_note-:2-9) Growing up, Wong was a competitive swimmer. [1] (#cite_note-QUINTET-1) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) Wong attended university at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) graduating in 2009 with a First Class Honors (/wiki/First-class_honours) degree in womenswear. [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) [10] (#cite_note-:3-11) In the same year, Wong started training BJJ. [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) After graduating, Wong worked for design houses in the United Kingdom such as Vivenne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) and Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) before starting his own brand. [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) Eventually Wong quit his full-time job in fashion to spend more time training and teaching BJJ. [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) In 2016, after getting promoted to black belt, he returned to Hong Kong to provide develop the BJJ scene there. [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitive summary [ edit ] Main Achievements (Black Belt) ADCC Asian Open Champion (2017) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) IBJJF Asian Champion (/wiki/Asian_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship) (2018) [7] (#cite_note-:0-8) 2nd place IBJJF Asian Championship (2019) [11] (#cite_note-12) 2nd place ADCC Asian Trials (/wiki/ADCC_Submission_Fighting_World_Championship) (2017) [12] (#cite_note-13) 3rd place IBJJF Asian Championship (2017) [13] (#cite_note-14) 3rd place IBJJF European Championship (/wiki/European_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship) (2018) Main Achievements (Coloured Belts) 3rd place IBJJF Asian Championship (2015 brown) [14] (#cite_note-15) 3rd place IBJJF European Championship (2014 brown) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) [15] (#cite_note-16) 3rd place IBJJF European No-Gi Championship (/wiki/European_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_No-Gi_Championship) (2014 brown) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) [16] (#cite_note-17) Instructor lineage [ edit ] Kano Jigoro (/wiki/Kano_Jigoro) → Tomita Tsunejiro (/wiki/Tomita_Tsunejiro) → Mitsuyo "Count Koma" Maeda (/wiki/Mitsuyo_Maeda) → Carlos Gracie (/wiki/Carlos_Gracie) , Sr. → Helio Gracie (/wiki/Helio_Gracie) → Rolls Gracie (/wiki/Rolls_Gracie) → Mauricio Motta Gomes (/wiki/Mauricio_Gomes) → Jude Samuel → Viking Wong [4] (#cite_note-UK-4) [17] (#cite_note-18) Fashion career [ edit ] In 2008 Wong's work was featured in the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) ’s Young British Designers: Mapping Future Fashion exhibition. [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) [10] (#cite_note-:3-11) In 2010, Wong's work was featured in both London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [8] (#cite_note-:2-9) [10] (#cite_note-:3-11) In 2011,Wong was selected by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) as one of the top twelve Designers to Watch. [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-3) [8] (#cite_note-:2-9) In 2014, Wong worked with Shoyoroll (/wiki/Shoyoroll) to create the Absolute cut version of the Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi (/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu_gi) . [8] (#cite_note-:2-9) [9] (#cite_note-:1-10) Personal life [ edit ] In 2016, Wong formed the Hong Kong-China Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Association. [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [18] (#cite_note-19) In addition, Wong has founded Jiu-Jitsu Sans Frontiere, a network of gyms across Asia. [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) Wong has spent time providing grappling training to the Hong Kong Police Force (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force) as well as the Philippine National Police (/wiki/Philippine_National_Police) and People's Armed Police (/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police) . [5] (#cite_note-:4-6) [6] (#cite_note-:5-7) Wong currently resides in Italy with his family. Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b under Jude Samuel [4] (#cite_note-UK-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Viking Wong" (https://www.quintet-fight.com/en/profile/viking_wong/) . QUINTET . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "黃維俊" (http://hkswim.com/swimmer/viking.html) . hkswim.com . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Designers To Watch" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/designers-to-watch-2011) . British Vogue . 10 January 2011. ^ Jump up to: a b "Black Belts UK BJJ Belt Register" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181010050554/http://www.ukbjjbeltregister.org/blackbelts.php) . Archived from the original (https://www.ukbjjbeltregister.org/black-belts/) on 10 October 2018 . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Meet Viking Wong – the jiu-jitsu black belt toughening up HK police" (https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/2110283/meet-viking-wong-ju-jitsu-black-belt-trying-toughen-hong-kong-police) . South China Morning Post . 8 September 2017 . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Hong Kong jiu-jitsu black belt Viking Wong trains Chinese police" (https://www.scmp.com/sport/china/article/2124574/great-power-comes-great-responsibility-hong-kong-jiu-jitsu-black-belt) . South China Morning Post . 16 December 2017 . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/982/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Arsenault, Sally (2 July 2014). "Here Comes the New Absolute Cut Gi from Shoyoroll by Viking Wong" (https://breakingmuscle.com/here-comes-the-new-absolute-cut-gi-from-shoyoroll-by-viking-wong/) . Breaking Muscle . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h 武備志編輯團隊 (23 June 2017). "黃維俊 Viking Wong：回歸" (https://www.hk01.com/武備志/100078/黃維俊-viking-wong-回歸) . 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)) . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Viking Wong" (https://www.notjustalabel.com/viking-wong) . www.notjustalabel.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/1330/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) BJJEE (5 March 2017). "Kit Dale Is Back! Wins ADCC Asia Trials, Qualifies for ADCC 2017" (https://www.bjjee.com/bjj-news/kit-dale-back-wins-adcc-asia-trials-qualifies-adcc-2017/) . Bjj Eastern Europe . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/739/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/452/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/232/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation -" (https://www.ibjjfdb.com/ChampionshipResults/243/PublicResults) . www.ibjjfdb.com . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Butler, Rhett (29 September 2018). "Diversity In MMA: Bellator MMA Europe Matchmaker Jude Samuel" (https://theshadowleague.com/diversity-in-mma-bellator-mma-europe-matchmaker-jude-samuel/) . The Shadow League . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Gold rush: black belt urges Hong Kong to fast track Asian Games application" (https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/2156172/hong-kong-jiu-jitsu-black-belt-viking-wong-urges-national-olympic) . South China Morning Post . 20 July 2018 . Retrieved 28 January 2023 . External links [ edit ] Viking Wong (https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.vikingwong.com/) at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (archive index) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐pbmdx Cached time: 20240719204324 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.460 seconds Real time usage: 0.648 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3934/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 70006/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14909/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81128/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.289/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17527145/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 601.648 1 -total 37.46% 225.372 1 Template:Infobox_martial_artist 36.54% 219.816 1 Template:Infobox 24.32% 146.295 2 Template:Reflist 20.50% 123.346 18 Template:Cite_web 18.34% 110.360 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese 10.25% 61.689 1 Template:Short_description 5.67% 34.103 2 Template:Pagetype 4.89% 29.439 3 Template:Br_separated_entries 4.51% 27.133 1 Template:Height Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72871007-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719204324 and revision id 1213959595. 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See also: List of shopping malls in Lithuania (/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Lithuania) Apranga Group Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Nasdaq Baltic (/wiki/Nasdaq_Nordic) : APG1L (https://nasdaqbaltic.com/statistics/en/instrument/LT0000102337/trading) Industry Clothing retail Headquarters Vilnius Area served Lithuania (/wiki/Lithuania) , Latvia (/wiki/Latvia) and Estonia (/wiki/Estonia) Key people Rimantas Perveneckas, director-general; Darius Mockus, chairman [1] (#cite_note-1) Revenue €243 million (2022) [2] (#cite_note-2) Owner MG grupė, UAB (/w/index.php?title=MG_grup%C4%97,_UAB&action=edit&redlink=1) Number of employees 770 Website https://aprangagroup.lt/en (https://aprangagroup.lt/en) Apranga Group is a clothing (/wiki/Clothing) retail chain in Lithuania (/wiki/Lithuania) and the Baltic states (/wiki/Baltic_states) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Apranga group consists of the main company APB "Apranga" and 18 subsidiary companies. [5] (#cite_note-5) Aprangas Group manages a network of 166 stores in the Baltic countries. [6] (#cite_note-6) It runs stores under various brands, often under franchise agreements, including: Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Pull and Bear (/wiki/Pull%26Bear) , and Bershka (/wiki/Bershka) [8] (#cite_note-8) Mango (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) , [9] (#cite_note-9) Stradivarius (/wiki/Stradivarius_(clothing_brand)) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Emporio Armani (/wiki/Armani) , [11] (#cite_note-11) and other luxury brands. [12] (#cite_note-12) Apranga is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius Stock Exchange (/wiki/Vilnius_Stock_Exchange) and is owned by MG Baltic. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2007, Euromoney ranked it 1st in Lithuania among " Emerging Europe's Best Managed Companies " [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2009, Apranga made a net loss of 17 m LTL (/wiki/Lithuanian_litas) on retail turnover of 393 m LTL. [15] (#cite_note-15) As of 2014, Apranga owned 152 stores, of which 94 were in Lithuania, 43 in Latvia and 15 in Estonia. As of April 1, 2014, the sales area was 70,400 square meters. [16] (#cite_note-16) Apranga has 192 stores around the Baltic States. [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "APB "Apranga" (APG1L.VL) People" (https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyOfficers?symbol=APG1L.VL) . Reuters . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Consolidated Apranga financial data ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Further expansion under the economic slowdown" (http://www.swedbank.lt/lt/previews/get/496/rss) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Expansion stopped, business consolidation ahead" (http://www.swedbank.lt/lt/previews/get/849/rss) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) žinios, Rima Aukštuolytė, Verslo. " (https://www.vz.lt/archive/article/2013/12/20/aprangos-investicijos-i-parduotuves-kitamet-sieks-iki-25-mln-lt) "Aprangos" investicijos į parduotuves kitąmet sieks iki 25 mln. Lt" (https://www.vz.lt/archive/article/2013/12/20/aprangos-investicijos-i-parduotuves-kitamet-sieks-iki-25-mln-lt) . vz.lt (in Lithuanian) . Retrieved 2022-10-26 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) " (https://view.news.eu.nasdaq.com/view?id=b0ab590f9c86b7d49240577269860d7c0&lang=lt) "Aprangos" grupės apyvarta 2013 m. gruodžio mėnesį bei 2013 metais" (https://view.news.eu.nasdaq.com/view?id=b0ab590f9c86b7d49240577269860d7c0&lang=lt) . view.news.eu.nasdaq.com . Retrieved 2022-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Titulinis \| Soulz.lt" (https://soulz.lt/lt) . soulz.lt . Retrieved 2022-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Apranga launches new Zara fashion chain - New Europe" (http://www.neurope.eu/articles/Apranga-launches-new-Zara-fashion-chain-/81244.php) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) "APB "Apranga" (APG1L.VL) Key Developments" (https://archive.today/20120908084436/http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/keyDevelopments?pn=2&symbol=APG1L.VL) . Reuters . 2010-12-12. Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/keyDevelopments?pn=2&symbol=APG1L.VL) on September 8, 2012 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Apranga has opened its first Pull and Bear and Stradivarius stores in Estonia :: The Baltic Course" (http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/markets_and_companies/?doc=10143) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "APB "Apranga" (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/news/investor_news/apranga_group_is_opening_a_hugo_boss_store_in_tallinn/1029) " (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/news/investor_news/apranga_group_is_opening_a_hugo_boss_store_in_tallinn/1029) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "APB "Apranga" (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/about_us/91) " (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/about_us/91) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "MG Baltic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152013/http://www.mgbaltic.lt/en.php/the_structure_of_the_mg_baltic_group/242) . 2010-12-12. Archived from the original (http://www.mgbaltic.lt/en.php/the_structure_of_the_mg_baltic_group/242) on 2011-07-22 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "APB "Apranga" (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/news/investor_news/apranga_awarded_by_euromoney/478) " (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/news/investor_news/apranga_awarded_by_euromoney/478) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "APB "Apranga" (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/financial_and_operating_indicators/96) " (http://www.apranga.lt/investuotojams/index.php/site_structure/financial_and_operating_indicators/96) . 2010-12-12 . Retrieved 2010-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Apranga jaekäive kasvas üle 16%" (https://www.aripaev.ee/uudised/2014/04/01/apranga-jaekaive-kasvas-ule-16) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Apranga Group - Korporatyvinė svetainė" (https://aprangagroup.lt/lt/) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.apranga.lt/) This Lithuanian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is The Lions (agency) (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐f4hbr Cached time: 20240720062345 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.037 seconds Real time usage: 0.073 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 28/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 451/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 25/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.018/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 646958/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 46.103 1 -total 100.00% 46.103 1 Template:Catmain 12.79% 5.897 1 Template:Remove_last_word Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63228500-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720062345 and revision id 990611967. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "The Lions (agency) models" The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Frida Aasen (/wiki/Frida_Aasen) Primrose Archer (/wiki/Primrose_Archer) B Jamie Bochert (/wiki/Jamie_Bochert) Grace Bol (/wiki/Grace_Bol) Juana Burga (/wiki/Juana_Burga) C Gracie Carvalho (/wiki/Gracie_Carvalho) G Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) Kris Grikaite (/wiki/Kris_Grikaite) Daphne Groeneveld (/wiki/Daphne_Groeneveld) H Jessica Hart (model) (/wiki/Jessica_Hart_(model)) Madison Headrick (/wiki/Madison_Headrick) Emma Heming Willis (/wiki/Emma_Heming_Willis) Eva Herzigová (/wiki/Eva_Herzigov%C3%A1) J Aya Jones (/wiki/Aya_Jones) Dorothea Barth Jörgensen (/wiki/Dorothea_Barth_J%C3%B6rgensen) K Jon Kortajarena (/wiki/Jon_Kortajarena) L Veruschka von Lehndorff (/wiki/Veruschka_von_Lehndorff) Maryna Linchuk (/wiki/Maryna_Linchuk) M Caroline de Maigret (/wiki/Caroline_de_Maigret) Shlomit Malka (/wiki/Shlomit_Malka) O Kirsten Owen (/wiki/Kirsten_Owen) R Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) Cameron Russell (/wiki/Cameron_Russell) S Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) Valentina Sampaio (/wiki/Valentina_Sampaio) Shanina Shaik (/wiki/Shanina_Shaik) Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Ava Smith (/wiki/Ava_Smith) Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) T Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) U Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) V Anne Vyalitsyna (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) X Ming Xi (/wiki/Ming_Xi) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:The_Lions_(agency)_models&oldid=990611967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:The_Lions_(agency)_models&oldid=990611967) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models by modeling agency (/wiki/Category:Models_by_modeling_agency)
Design school in Kolding, Denmark Design School Kolding Established 1967 Location Kolding (/wiki/Kolding) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) 55°29′11″N 9°28′49″E / 55.4863°N 9.4803°E / 55.4863; 9.4803 Website www (http://www.designskolenkolding.dk) .designskolenkolding (http://www.designskolenkolding.dk) .dk (http://www.designskolenkolding.dk) Design School Kolding (Danish: Designskolen Kolding ) is a design school located in Kolding (/wiki/Kolding) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) . It delivers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the areas of fashion, textiles, communication design, industrial design, accessory design, and design for people, design for planet and design for play (people, planet and play are offered only as part of the MA programme). It was founded in 1967, and received university status in 2010. History [ edit ] Design School Kolding was founded in 1967 as Kolding School of Arts & Crafts with a focus on textile and advertising design. [1] (#cite_note-Domus-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The school expanded into further subjects over the years. In 2010, the school was awarded university status as a design and research institution. [3] (#cite_note-designskolen-3) It is part of Cumulus (International Association of Universities and Colleges of Art, Design and Media). [4] (#cite_note-Cumulus_members-4) The school was listed by Domus Magazine (/wiki/Domus_(magazine)) as among the 50 best European design schools in 2014-2017. [1] (#cite_note-Domus-1) It is among the global design schools that participate in H&M Design Award (/wiki/H%26M_Design_Award) . [5] (#cite_note-H&M-5) Programmes [ edit ] The school offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, including PhD programmes in the areas of fashion, textiles, accessory design, communication design, industrial design and design for people, design for planet, design for play (people, planet and play are offered only as part of the MA programme). It also offers an MA in design management in conjunction with University of Southern Denmark (/wiki/University_of_Southern_Denmark) . [6] (#cite_note-SiD_profile-6) Notable alumni [ edit ] Finn Nygaard (/wiki/Finn_Nygaard) (b. 1955), graphic designer (/wiki/Graphic_designer) Louise Hindsgavl (/wiki/Louise_Hindsgavl) (b. 1973), sculptor [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "100 Best Architecture and Design Schools in Europe 2014" (http://digitaledition.domusweb.it/domus/books/131201domus/#/171/) . Domus . December 2013 . Retrieved 19 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dickson, Thomas (2008). Dansk Design . Murdoch Books. p. 193. ^ (#cite_ref-designskolen_3-0) "Design university and research institution" (http://issuu.com/designskolen_kolding/docs/dk.aarspub.2010._1_/7) . designskolen kolding. 5 January 2011 . Retrieved 19 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cumulus_members_4-0) "Design School Kolding" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140320040801/http://www.cumulusassociation.org/component/members/view/53) . Cumulus. Archived from the original (http://www.cumulusassociation.org/component/members/view/53) on 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 19 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-H&M_5-0) "Designskolen Kolding" (http://designaward.hm.com/schools/) . H&M . Retrieved 19 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-SiD_profile_6-0) "Kolding School of Design" (http://studyindenmark.dk/study-options/danish-higher-education-institutions) . Study in Denmark . Retrieved 19 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Trine Ross. "Porcelænsfigurer viser de mindre pæne sider af os selv" (http://politiken.dk/kultur/kunst/ECE2325106/porcelaensfigurer-viser-de-mindre-paene-sider-af-os-selv/) . Politiken: Kultur External links [ edit ] Design School Kolding (http://www.designskolenkolding.dk/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000107416998) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/136281752) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2010045823) Artists Museum of Modern Art (https://www.moma.org/artists/28274) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.canary‐7794cd9f54‐6td26 Cached time: 20240716025717 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.586 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1326/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26492/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2075/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29254/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.273/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5080603/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 468.580 1 -total 30.05% 140.831 1 Template:Reflist 29.73% 139.300 1 Template:Infobox_university 26.57% 124.520 1 Template:Infobox 20.68% 96.920 1 Template:Authority_control 20.46% 95.894 1 Template:Cite_news 18.50% 86.671 1 Template:Short_description 10.98% 51.431 2 Template:Pagetype 10.96% 51.368 12 Template:If_empty 10.62% 49.743 2 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41988412-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716025717 and revision id 1160147455. 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(Redirected from Bổ Tử (/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BB%95_T%E1%BB%AD&redirect=no) ) Large badge sewn onto the surcoat of an official Mandarin square Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) mandarin square, 6th civil rank, about 30 cm square. Chinese name Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 補子 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%9C%E5%AD%90) Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 补子 Literal meaning Master (/wiki/Chinese_titles#Men) 's patch (/wiki/Embroidered_patch) Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) bŭzi Wade–Giles (/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles) putzŭ Vietnamese name Vietnamese alphabet (/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet) Bổ tử Chữ Hán (/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n) 補子 Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 흉배 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 胸背 Transcriptions Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) hyungbae Manchu name Manchu script (/wiki/Manchu_alphabet) ᠰᠠᠪᡳᡵᡤᡳ Möllendorff (/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu) sabirgi English name English Mandarin square/ rank badge A mandarin square ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 補子 ), also known as a rank badge , was a large embroidered badge sewn onto the surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) of officials (/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)) in Imperial China (/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China) (decorating hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) and qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) ), Korea (/wiki/Korea) (decorating the gwanbok (/wiki/Gwanbok) of the Joseon dynasty), in Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) , and the Ryukyu Kingdom (/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom) . It was embroidered with detailed, colourful animal or bird insignia indicating the rank of the official wearing it. Despite its name, the mandarin square ( buzi ) falls into two categories: round buzi and square buzi . [1] (#cite_note-1) : 396 Clothing decorated with buzi is known as bufu (/w/index.php?title=Bufu&action=edit&redlink=1) ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 补服 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 補服 ) in China. [2] (#cite_note-2) In the 21st century, the use of buzi on hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) was revived following the Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) . China [ edit ] The history of the square-shaped buzi is unclear. However, in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) encyclopaedia Shilin Guangji (/wiki/Shilin_Guangji) ( 事林廣記 ), as well as contemporary Persian paintings of the Mongol court, there are pictures showing officials wearing clothing with squares on the back, decorated with flora, animals and birds. [3] (#cite_note-3) By the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) , the square-shaped buzi was already worn as clothing ornaments. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 235 Ming dynasty [ edit ] A 15th-century portrait of the Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) minister Liu Daxia (/w/index.php?title=Liu_Daxia&action=edit&redlink=1) . His mandarin square indicates that he was a civil official of the first rank. Mandarin squares were first authorized for the wear of officials in the sumptuary laws (/wiki/Sumptuary_law) of 1391 of the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 235 The use of squares depicting birds for civil officials and animals for military officials was an outgrowth of the use of similar squares, apparently for decorative use, in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The original court dress regulations of the Ming dynasty were published in 1368, but did not refer to badges as rank insignia. [6] (#cite_note-6) These badges continued to be used through the remainder of the Ming and the subsequent Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) until the imperial system fell in 1912. Ming nobles and officials wore their rank badges on full-cut red robes with the design stretching from side to side, completely covering the chest and back. This caused the badges to be slightly trapezoidal with the tops narrower than the bottom. [7] (#cite_note-7) The Ming statutes (/wiki/Statute) never refer to the number of birds or animals that should appear on the badges. In the beginning, two or three were used. In a typical example of paired birds, they were shown in flight on a background of bright cloud streamers on a gold background. Others showed one bird on the ground with the second in flight. The addition of flowers produced an idealized naturalism. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Qing dynasty [ edit ] A Qing dynasty photograph of a government official (/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)) with mandarin square on the chest. There was a sharp difference between the Ming and Qing styles of badges: the Qing badges were smaller with a decorative border. [10] (#cite_note-10) And, while the specific birds and animals did not change much throughout their use, the design of the squares underwent an almost continual evolution. [11] (#cite_note-11) According to rank, Qing-dynasty nobles (/wiki/Chinese_nobility) had their respective official clothes. Princes, including Qin Wang and Jun Wang , usually wore black robes as opposed to the blue robes in court, and had four circular designs, one on each shoulder, front, and back, as opposed to the usual front-and-back design. Specifically, princes of the blood (/wiki/Prince_du_sang) used four front-facing dragons, Qin Wang had two front-facing and two side-facing dragons, and Jun Wang had four side-facing ones; all had five claws on each foot. Beile and Beizi had a circular design on their official clothing, the former having two front-facing dragons, the latter two side-facing ones; these dragons had only four claws on each foot, and are referred to as "drakes" or "great serpents" (巨蟒 jù-mǎng). National duke, general, efu , "commoner" duke (/wiki/Duke) , marquis (/wiki/Marquis) and count (/wiki/Count) had two front-facing, four-clawed dragons on square designs, whereas viscount (/wiki/Viscount) and baron (/wiki/Baron) had cranes and golden pheasants, as for mandarins of the first and second class. 3rd civil rank (peacock). Mid 19th century. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum (/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum) 2nd military rank (lion). Late 18th cent. Art Gallery of New South Wales (/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales) 3rd military rank (leopard). 19th or early 20th century. Chester Beatty Library (/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Library) Members of three generations of a lineage are shown in Qing mandarin attire, complete with mandarin squares Comparative table across dynasties [ edit ] Jesuit missionary Adam Schall (/wiki/Adam_Schall) wearing a robe with civilian mandarin badge of the first rank The specific birds and animals used to represent rank varied only slightly from the inception of mandarin squares until the end of the Qing dynasty. Officials who held a lower position or did odd jobs used the magpie (/wiki/Magpie) during the Ming dynasty. Supervising officials used xiezhi (/wiki/Xiezhi) . Musicians used the oriole (/wiki/Old_World_oriole) . The following tables [12] (#cite_note-12) show this evolution: Military [ edit ] Rank Ming (1391–1526) Ming and Qing (1527–1662) Late Qing (1662–1911) Image 1 Lion Lion Qilin (/wiki/Qilin) (after 1662) 2 Lion Lion Lion 3 Tiger or leopard Tiger Leopard (/wiki/Leopard) (after 1664) 4 Tiger or leopard Leopard Tiger (after 1664) 5 Bear Bear Bear 6 Panther Panther Panther (/wiki/Panthera) 7 Panther Panther Rhinoceros (/wiki/Rhinoceros) (after 1759) [13] (#cite_note-13) 8 Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Rhinoceros (/wiki/Rhinoceros) 9 Rhinoceros Sea horse [14] (#cite_note-14) Sea horse (/wiki/Horse) [15] (#cite_note-15) Civil [ edit ] Rank Ming (1391–1526) Ming and Qing (1527–1662) Late Qing (1662–1911) Image 1 Crane or golden pheasant Crane Crane (/wiki/Crane_(bird)) 2 Crane or golden pheasant Golden pheasant Golden pheasant (/wiki/Golden_pheasant) 3 Peacock or wild goose Peacock Peacock (/wiki/Peacock) 4 Peacock or wild goose Wild goose Wild goose (/wiki/Greylag_goose) 5 Silver pheasant Silver pheasant Silver pheasant (/wiki/Silver_pheasant) 6 Egret or mandarin duck Egret Egret (/wiki/Egret) 7 Egret or mandarin duck Mandarin duck Mandarin duck (/wiki/Mandarin_duck) [16] (#cite_note-artinpl-16) 8 Oriole, quail or paradise flycatcher Oriole Quail (/wiki/Quail) 9 Oriole, quail or paradise flycatcher Quail Paradise flycatcher (/wiki/Paradise_flycatcher) [17] (#cite_note-17) 21st century [ edit ] The use of the round-shaped and square-shaped buzi has been revived in China following the Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) . Korea [ edit ] Korean rank badge (흉배 in Korean (/wiki/Korean_(language)) ) is a small panel of embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) that would have served to indicate the status of a government official in the Choson dynasty (/wiki/Choson_dynasty) Korea (/wiki/Korea) (1392–1910). Made in the nineteenth century, it shows a pair of black and white leopards (/wiki/Leopard) , one above the other in opposing stance, surrounded by stylised cloud patterns in pink, purple and pale green upon a blue background. It would have been worn by a military official from the first to third ranks. Leopards and tigers, respected for their strength and courage in Korea, were used for the dress of military officials while civil officials wore crane motifs. This badge shows the distinctively spotted animals among rocks, waves and clouds in a pattern which remained virtually unchanged for 300 years. Korean rank badge, 1850-1900, Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) (no. FE.272-1995) Vietnam [ edit ] Annamite (Vietnamese) badge, Nguyễn dynasty (19th century), civilian 8th rank. Mandarins of the Nguyen dynasty (circa 1820). The Mandarin on the left is a "man of letters", with a stork on his chest and the one on the right is a military Mandarin, signified by a boar. [18] (#cite_note-18) See also [ edit ] Tablion (/wiki/Tablion) Chinese hat knob (/wiki/Chinese_hat_knob) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , Gwanbok (/wiki/Gwanbok) , Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) Nine-rank system (/wiki/Nine-rank_system) , for an earlier system for ranking officials in China Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) A history of Chinese science and technology. Volume 2 . Yongxiang Lu, Chuijun Qian, Hui He. Heidelberg. 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-662-44166-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 893557979 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893557979) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Guide to Hanfu Types Summary & Dress Codes (Ming Dynasty)" (https://www.newhanfu.com/13840.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 4 April 2021 . Retrieved 27 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cammann, Schuyler (1944). "University College London". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies . 8 (2): 71–130. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2717953 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717953) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2717953 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717953) . ^ Jump up to: a b Sullivan, Michael (1999). The arts of China (4th expanded and rev ed.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-520-21876-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 40200406 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40200406) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cammann, Schuyler (/wiki/Schuyler_V._Cammann) : "Birds and Animals as Ming and Ch'ing Badges of Rank", Arts of Asia (May to June 1991), page 89. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Schuyler Cammann (August 1944). "The Development of the Mandarin Square". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (/wiki/Harvard_Journal_of_Asiatic_Studies) . 8 (2): 75–76. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2717953 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717953) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0073-0548 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0073-0548) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2717953 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717953) . Wikidata (/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)) Q117360120 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117360120) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cammann, Schuyler: "Chinese Mandarin Squares, Brief Catalogue of the Letcher Collection", University Museum Bulletin Vol 17, No 3 (June 1953), pages 8–9. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cammann, Schuyler: "Chinese Mandarin Squares, Brief Catalogue of the Letcher Collection", University Museum Bulletin Vol 17, No 3 (June 1953), page 9. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Schuyler Cammann (August 1944). "The Development of the Mandarin Square". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (/wiki/Harvard_Journal_of_Asiatic_Studies) . 8 (2): 95. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2717953 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717953) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0073-0548 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0073-0548) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2717953 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717953) . Wikidata (/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)) Q117360120 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117360120) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cammann, Schuyler, "Birds and Animals as Ming and Ch’ing Badges of Rank", Arts of Asia (May–June 1991), page 90. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jackson, Beverley & Hugus, David, Ladder to the Clouds , Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1999, Chapter 15, pages 215–289. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Katarzyna Zapolska (2014). "Mandarin squares as a form of rank badge and decoration of Chinese robes" (https://hasp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/ao/article/download/8761/8624) . Art of the Orient . 3 : 53–70. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2299-811X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2299-811X) . Wikidata (/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)) Q117360068 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117360068) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Note that the rhinoceros is depicted as a buffalo (/wiki/Bovinae) , rather than as a rhinoceros (/wiki/Rhinoceros) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Note that the sea horse is depicted as a horse living under water, rather than as a seahorse (/wiki/Seahorse) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Jackson, Beverley & Hugus, David, Ladder to the Clouds , Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1999, Table 4, page 133; ^ (#cite_ref-artinpl_16-0) Marcin Latka. "Portrait of a young official" (https://www.facebook.com/artinpl/photos/a.679825939063270/679826022396595/?type=3&theater) . artinpl . Retrieved 31 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Jackson, Beverley & Hugus, David, Ladder to the clouds , Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1999, Table 3, page 133. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Crawfurd, John (1828). Journal of an embassy from the Governor-General of India to the courts of Siam and Cochin-China : exhibiting a view of the actual state of those kingdoms . London: H. Colburn. pp. 262–263. Further reading [ edit ] "Rank insignia for military officers of the imperial court", in: Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2008), Chinese Art , Tuttle, pp. 110–111, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8048-3864-1 Rank and Style: Power Dressing in Imperial China , Pacific Asia Museum, 2008, archived from the original (http://www.pacificasiamuseum.org/rankandstyle/) on 7 October 2016 , retrieved 19 June 2016 External links [ edit ] Media related to Mandarin square (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mandarin_square) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou 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Chilean model, actress and television personality In this Spanish name (/wiki/Spanish_name) , the first or paternal surname (/wiki/Surname) is Silva and the second or maternal family name is Sánchez . Kika Silva Silva at the 2018 Copihue de Oro (/wiki/Copihue_de_Oro) Born María Francisca Silva Sánchez ( 1992-03-18 ) March 18, 1992 (age 32) Santiago (/wiki/Santiago) , Chile Occupation(s) Model, television personality Years active 2012-present Website Official Twitter page (https://twitter.com/fanskikasilva?lang=en) María Francisca "Kika" Silva Sánchez (born March 18, 1992) is a Chilean model, actress and television personality. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Francisca Silva was born on March 18, 1992, in Santiago (/wiki/Santiago) , Chile. She is the daughter of Daniel Silva and hockey player Francisca Sánchez, and is the eldest of four siblings. In her time as a schoolgirl in the Nazaret School she participated on the athletic team, but a spinal injury when she was only 14 years old forced her to stop. After completing her secondary education in 2010, she studied physical education at the Universidad Andrés Bello (/wiki/Universidad_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello) . In 2012 she spent five months in Mexico to enter into modeling, where she did work with the magazine Vogue Latin America (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Later that year she returned to Chile to pursue television acting. Career [ edit ] Silva began her television career hosting the program Vía de escape on the cable television channel Vive Deportes (/w/index.php?title=Vive_Deportes&action=edit&redlink=1) , and later became part of the showbiz program SQP. She is a model and panelist of the morning show Bienvenidos (/wiki/Bienvenidos_(Chilean_TV_series)) on Canal 13 (/wiki/Canal_13_(Chile)) . [2] (#cite_note-Teleamzonas_2016-2) In 2017 she was crowned Queen of the Festival in the LVIII International Festival of the Song of Viña del Mar (/wiki/2017_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival) . [3] (#cite_note-LatinQueen_2017-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The final was against the Spanish model Gala Caldirola and the Mexican singer Jass Reyes, in a narrow voting. The traditional "piscinazo" was scheduled for Saturday, February 25, but was suspended because of security problems that arose after the demonstrations in the vicinity of the Hotel O'Higgins. The crown was delivered by Virginia Reginato. The winner also received the classic ring, which this year had 32 diamonds and 20 emeralds. Television [ edit ] Vía de Escape Vive Deportes Soltera otra vez (/wiki/Soltera_otra_vez) (2013) Toc Show (2013-2014) Bala loca (2016, cameo) Bienvenidos (/wiki/Bienvenidos_(Chilean_TV_series)) (2016–present, panelist) [5] (#cite_note-5) Notes [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "El secreto de Kika Silva, hermosa modelo chilena" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130604/http://www.teleamazonas.com/2016/08/el-secreto-de-kika-silva-hermosa-modelo-chilena/) , TeleAmazonas , August 2, 2016, archived from the original (http://www.teleamazonas.com/2016/08/el-secreto-de-kika-silva-hermosa-modelo-chilena/) on February 2, 2018 , retrieved February 28, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-Teleamzonas_2016_2-0) teleamazonas (August 2, 2016), El secreto de Kika Silva, hermosa modelo chilena , archived from the original (http://www.teleamazonas.com/2016/08/el-secreto-de-kika-silva-hermosa-modelo-chilena/) on February 2, 2018 , retrieved February 23, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-LatinQueen_2017_3-0) "Viña del Mar Festival Queen Takes Traditional Plunge" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191213185206/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2431887&CategoryId=13003) , Latin American Herald Tribune (/wiki/Latin_American_Herald_Tribune) , 2017, archived from the original (http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2431887&CategoryId=13003) on December 13, 2019 , retrieved February 28, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kika Silva realiza no una, sino que dos veces el tradicional "piscinazo" (http://www.latercera.com/noticia/kika-silva-realiza-no-una-sino-dos-veces-tradicional-piscinazo/) " (http://www.latercera.com/noticia/kika-silva-realiza-no-una-sino-dos-veces-tradicional-piscinazo/) , La Tercera (/wiki/La_Tercera) , February 26, 2017 , retrieved February 28, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "La notoria disminución de candidatas al reinado del Festival de Viña" (http://www.emol.com/noticias/Espectaculos/2017/02/20/845904/Reina-de-Vina-2017-La-notoria-disminucion-de-candidatas-que-se-ha-visto-en-el-ultimo-tiempo.html) , Emol.com , February 20, 2017 , retrieved February 28, 2017 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kika Silva (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kika_Silva) . Official Twitter page (https://twitter.com/fanskikasilva?lang=en) hide v t e Queen of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival (/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival) 1979–1989 María Graciela Gómez (/w/index.php?title=Mar%C3%ADa_Graciela_G%C3%B3mez&action=edit&redlink=1) (1979) Raffaella Carrà (/wiki/Raffaella_Carr%C3%A0) (1982) Lucía Méndez (/wiki/Luc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A9ndez) (1983) Gianina Matei (/w/index.php?title=Gianina_Matei&action=edit&redlink=1) (1984) María Conchita Alonso (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Conchita_Alonso) (1985) Cindy Valentine (/wiki/Cindy_Valentine) (1986) Irene Llano (/w/index.php?title=Irene_Llano&action=edit&redlink=1) (1987) Marcela Sánchez (/w/index.php?title=Marcela_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1) (1988) Myriam Hernández (/wiki/Myriam_Hern%C3%A1ndez) (1989) 1990–1999 Xuxa (/wiki/Xuxa) (1990) Yuri (/wiki/Yuridia_Valenzuela_Canseco) (1991) Lucero (/wiki/Lucero_(entertainer)) (1992) Gloria Trevi (/wiki/Gloria_Trevi) (1993) Sofía Vergara (/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_Vergara) (1994) Patricia Manterola (/wiki/Patricia_Manterola) (1995) Paola Falcone (/w/index.php?title=Paola_Falcone&action=edit&redlink=1) (1996) Thalía (/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa) (1997) Sofía Franco (/w/index.php?title=Sof%C3%ADa_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1) (1998) Carla Perez (/wiki/Carla_Perez_(actress)) (1999) 2000–2009 Celia Cruz (/wiki/Celia_Cruz) (2000) Natalia Oreiro (/wiki/Natalia_Oreiro) (2001) Patricia Manterola (/wiki/Patricia_Manterola) (2002) María Eugenia Larraín (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Eugenia_Larra%C3%ADn) (2003) Carolina Ardohain (/wiki/Carolina_Ardohain) (2004) Luciana Salazar (/wiki/Luciana_Salazar) (2005) Tonka Tomicic (/wiki/Tonka_Tomicic) (2006) Diana Bolocco (/wiki/Diana_Bolocco) (2007) Pilar Ruiz (/w/index.php?title=Pilar_Ruiz_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2008) Catherine Fulop (/wiki/Catherine_Fulop) (2009) 2010–present Carolina Arregui (/wiki/Carolina_Arregui) (2010) Andrea Dellacasa (/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Dellacasa&action=edit&redlink=1) (2011) Valeria Ortega (/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Ortega&action=edit&redlink=1) (2012) Dominique Gallego (/wiki/Dominique_Gallego) (2013) Sigrid Alegría (/wiki/Sigrid_Alegr%C3%ADa) (2014) Jhendelyn Nuñez (/w/index.php?title=Jhendelyn_Nu%C3%B1ez&action=edit&redlink=1) (2015) Nicole Moreno (/wiki/Nicole_Moreno) (2016) Kika Silva (2017) Betsy Camino (/w/index.php?title=Betsy_Camino&action=edit&redlink=1) (2018) Chantal Gayoso (/w/index.php?title=Chantal_Gayoso&action=edit&redlink=1) (2019) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐r2ncb Cached time: 20240720165921 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.397 seconds Real time usage: 0.602 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2355/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30860/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2457/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31932/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.296/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6063608/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 557.167 1 -total 29.05% 161.881 1 Template:Infobox_model 20.51% 114.290 2 Template:Reflist 17.68% 98.492 5 Template:Citation 17.65% 98.340 1 Template:Commons_category 17.28% 96.294 1 Template:Sister_project 16.78% 93.514 1 Template:Side_box 14.96% 83.362 1 Template:Queen_of_Viña_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival 14.53% 80.965 1 Template:Navbox 14.14% 78.764 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53338823-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165921 and revision id 1233082366. 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Digital Media and Lifestyle Company StyleBlueprint Company type Private Industry Internet commerce and media Founded 2009 Founder Elizabeth Fox Liza Graves Headquarters Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) Key people Liza Graves (CEO) Services Lifestyle publication Website styleblueprint (https://styleblueprint.com) .com (https://styleblueprint.com) StyleBlueprint is a Nashville (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) -based digital media company and lifestyle brand targeted to women showcasing travel, interiors, interviews, recipes, and events from around the South. Health topics, non-profit spotlights, entrepreneur and business highlights, and fashion are also covered. The company was founded by Elizabeth Fox and Liza Graves in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-1) As of January 1, 2019, the company is solely owned by Liza Graves. StyleBlueprint began as a lifestyle blog focused on Nashville. [2] (#cite_note-2) The website expanded from covering topics like food and fashion to becoming a more general lifestyle publication focused primarily on the South as a region. In addition to its regional content, StyleBlueprint has city editions for Nashville, Memphis (/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee) , Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama) , and Louisville (/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky) areas. [3] (#cite_note-3) StyleBlueprint publishes daily articles, local guides, and has a strong social media presence. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Deese, Hollie (April 8, 2014). "Former Memphian Finds Online Success With StyleBlueprint - Memphis Daily News" (https://www.memphisdailynews.com/news/2014/apr/8/former-memphian-finds-online-success-with-styleblueprint/print) . www.memphisdailynews.com . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Tate, Ryan (October 15, 2012). "Why Is a Nashville Fashion Blog Big in Riyadh?" (https://www.wired.com/2012/10/facebook-riddle/) . Wired . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Boyer, E.J. (January 22, 2014). "How StyleBlueprint became a million-dollar brand, and what's next" (https://www.bizjournals.com/nashville/blog/2014/01/how-styleblueprint-became-a-million.html) . Nashville Business Journal . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) DeSantis, Mary Ann (March 7, 2017). "Digital start-up understands what women want" (http://www.snpa.org/stories/digital-start-up-understands-what-women-want,4128761) . Southern Newspaper Publishers Association . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Alfs, Lizzy (February 19, 2015). "StyleBlueprint's app offers inside guide to Nashville" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2015/02/19/styleblueprints-app-offers-inside-guide-nashville/23676933/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://styleblueprint.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5spzg Cached time: 20240715051913 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.251 seconds Real time usage: 0.349 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1367/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16931/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1251/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20909/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4856884/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 333.278 1 -total 37.02% 123.370 1 Template:Infobox_company 35.31% 117.694 1 Template:Reflist 33.67% 112.229 1 Template:Infobox 30.37% 101.202 5 Template:Cite_news 24.16% 80.518 1 Template:Short_description 12.75% 42.491 2 Template:Pagetype 7.74% 25.788 8 Template:Main_other 6.76% 22.536 1 Template:SDcat 2.50% 8.326 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66605548-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715051913 and revision id 1221126231. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StyleBlueprint&oldid=1221126231 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StyleBlueprint&oldid=1221126231) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American companies established in 2009 (/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_2009) Companies based in Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Nashville,_Tennessee) Lifestyle websites (/wiki/Category:Lifestyle_websites) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata)
Clothing style of Sindh Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Sindhi_culture) on Sindhis (/wiki/Sindhis) Identity (/wiki/History_of_Sindh) Folklore (/wiki/Sindhi_folklore) Language (/wiki/Sindhi_language) Dialects (/wiki/Sindhi_languages) Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) Sindhis (/wiki/Sindhis) Nationalism (/wiki/Sindhi_nationalism) State (/wiki/Sindhudesh) Sindhology (/wiki/Sindhology) History (/wiki/History_of_Sindh) Indus Valley Civilisation (/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation) Rai dynasty (/wiki/Rai_dynasty) Chacha dynasty (/wiki/Brahmin_dynasty_of_Sindh) Arab Sindh (/wiki/Sind_(caliphal_province)) Soomra-Samma rule (/wiki/History_of_Sindh#Medieval_era) Talpurs (/wiki/Talpur_dynasty) British rule (/wiki/Sind_Province_(1936%E2%80%931955)) Current Era (/wiki/Sindh) Diaspora (/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora) Asia Sindhis in Afghanistan (/wiki/Sindhis_in_Afghanistan) Sindhis in India (/wiki/Sindhis_in_India) Sindhis in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sindhis_in_Sri_Lanka) Europe Sindhi British (/wiki/British_Sindhis) Sindhi Gibraltarians (/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar) North America Sindhi Americans (/wiki/Sindhi_Americans) Sindhi Canadians (/wiki/Sindhi_Canadians) Oceania Sindhi Australians (/wiki/Sindhi_Australians) Culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Sindh) Clothing Shawl (/wiki/Ajrak) Hat (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) Cuisine (/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine) Dance (/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Sindh) Poetry (/wiki/Culture_of_Sindh#Poetry) Literature (/wiki/Sindhi_literature) Music (/wiki/Sindhi_music) Festivals (/wiki/Sindhis#Festivals) Religion (/wiki/Sindhis#Ethnicity_and_religion) Television (/wiki/List_of_Sindhi-language_television_channels) Cinema (/wiki/Sindhi_cinema) Regions (/wiki/Regions) Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) Thar Desert (/wiki/Thar_Desert) Siwistan (/wiki/Sibi) Sindh portal (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) v t e Sindhi clothing are a part of the Sindhi culture (/wiki/Sindhi_culture) . Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhi_people) women and men wear the Shalwar Qameez (/wiki/Shalwar_qameez) or the Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) with Pyjama (/wiki/Pajamas) . Women also wear Sari (/wiki/Sari) or ghagra (/wiki/Ghagra) . However, before the adoption of the Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) , kurta (/wiki/Kurta) , the Sari as well as other articles of clothing, Sindhis had their own traditional costumes. The group of Sindhi girls in traditional Sindhi clothes from central Sindh. Background [ edit ] Original dress code of Sindhi women was Lehenga/Ghagra Choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) with a long and wide veil, up until the 1840s, women started wearing the suthan underneath the lehnga, later on around 1930s with time Sindhi women stopped wearing lehenga and only wore Sindhi suthan and choli got replaced by long cholo, and men originally wore Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) or Godd (/wiki/Lungi) and a long or short angrakho (/wiki/Angarkha) or Jamo (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) later angrakho [4] (#cite_note-4) was replaced by Sindhi kurta called Pehrān/Pehriyān [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) and dhoti/godd was replaced by Sindhi salwar/suthan/kancha. [7] (#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-7) Sindhi wedding cholo from Hyderabad. In the past, Older Sindhi women wore paro ( petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) ), thick poplin (/wiki/Poplin) cholo ( blouse (/wiki/Blouse) / Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) ), and chaadar (a sheet of veil (/wiki/Veil) ). Some wore sleeveless hip length Shirt with a waist-length koti (blouse) with sleeves, on top, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) and a malai satin (/wiki/Satin) , Sussi (/wiki/Sussi_(cloth)) or Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) paro or suthan ( culottes (/wiki/Culottes) or palazzo). The younger women wore velvet (/wiki/Velvet) or amber pyjama (suthan) both at home and outside. Also they wore a long skirt (/wiki/Skirt) (jablo) on top and a thick poplin blouse and a Rawa/Gandi/Pothi (long and wide muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , tie and dye (/wiki/Bandhani) or ajrak printed headscarf/veil). Middle aged and young ladies wore churidar pyjama (sorhi suthan). [10] (#cite_note-10) Over time, older ladies started to wear the Salwar Kurta with Slippers (Sapato, Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) , Khusso (/wiki/Multani_Khussa) or Mojri (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) ). [11] (#cite_note-blogs.rediff.com-11) [12] (#cite_note-Sindhi_Clothing_–_Sindhi_Khazana-12) When women of good family leave the house, they hide the Suthan under a wide Paro (or Peshgir (/wiki/Peshgeer) , petticoat), which conceals the person from the waist to the ankles. Over the upper part of the body they throw a Rawo (or Salur, large white veil). Among females of the Sayyid (/wiki/Sayyid) race, especially in the northern parts of Sindh, wear the Burko/Chadree (/wiki/Burqa) of Arabia and Persia is much used. Hindoo women wear the Paro larger and longer than the Muslimah; they usually prefer the Cholo without a Gaj (/w/index.php?title=Gaj_(tunic)&action=edit&redlink=1) , and throw a white veil over the head. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) Sindhi women are fond of wearing a multitude of ornaments. These are also distinguished by some minutiae make in the ornaments and jewels of muslim and hindu, but these are unobservable. The most important ornament for a married muslim Sindhi women is the Nath, or bullo/bulli/phuli (Nose jewel) which shows their marital status. [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) In Sindh, the bangles worn peculiar are the large rings of ivory covering the fore arms or full arms; [15] (#cite_note-15) these are worn by all sects, religions and classes. But nowadays glass bangles (/wiki/Glass_bangle) and gold or silver "Kangar/Kara" "bracelets" are more commonly used. Anklets and toe rings were also common. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [16] (#cite_note-16) The original dress of the Sindhi male was a Dhoti worn by hindu men and " Godd (/wiki/Lungi) " (sarong) by muslim men, jamo/angrakho (top) and achhi pagirhi (White Turban) and a block printed shawl called Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) or other shawls locally made were carried over shoulders. [12] (#cite_note-Sindhi_Clothing_–_Sindhi_Khazana-12) Men also carry different colored floral, checkered or plain piece of cloth which is also embroidered on shoulder or as turban, also used as a rumal ( handkerchief (/wiki/Handkerchief) ). [11] (#cite_note-blogs.rediff.com-11) Rich men wore Sherwanis (/wiki/Sherwani) (long coats) with gold buttons. Some poor men also wore a "Puthiyo or Kiriyo" a cotton jacket resembling a Mirzai (/wiki/Mirzai_(garment)) of India, with a sash around waist called bhochhan. The Sadri (/wiki/Sadri_(clothing)) , Gidi, Koti or Phatui (a waistcoat of rich or colored stuffs, can sometimes be embroidered with mirrors) was also worn by some men. During a cold season men wore a long coat in the shape of " Kaba (/w/index.php?title=Kuba/Qaba_garment&action=edit&redlink=1) " (a long coat made of white cotton, resembling European night shirt) wadded with cotton or a "Nimtano" (a coat of the same description, with arms down to the elbows). The rich are fond of handsome furs; the poor content themselves with afghan posteen a Masho, or Chogho (cloak made of felt goat's and camel's hair). The slippers were of two kinds 1st "Jutti", made of red or yellow leather (/wiki/Leather) , in shape not unlike those worn by the Egyptians (/wiki/Egyptians) , and 2nd, "Ghetalo" of the same material embroidered with cloth or silk. Wealthy men when travelling, wear a kind of leather top boot called "Mozo", in the hills a sole made of the leaves of a kind of dwarf palm called "Teesh" was used to protect the feet. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) The traditional clothes of Sindh can still be seen on men and women today. Traditional clothing [ edit ] The Sindhi culture is one of the most diverse cultures of the world, the traditional clothes of Sindhi people are various, which differs from region to region, tribe to tribe even sometimes within tribe it differs a bit, as much as that clothes become a mark of identification of one's region and tribe, specially for a Sindhi women clothes. For Sindhi men, Sindhi style Salwar Khamis are common everyday dress nowadays, Sindhi Salwar/Suthan have very less pleats, other style of salwar is Kancha which has wide (Pancha) cuffs, used to be worn back in time, [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) both lower garments are tied at waist with "Aggath" ( drawstring (/wiki/Drawstring) ) which is made of different bright colors, heavily ornated and embellished with shiny metallic threads (/wiki/Metallic_fiber) , beads, mirrors etc. [18] (#cite_note-18) The Salwar and Kancha's pleats are created by bringing the folds on both sides together, Sindhi Khamis is usually shorter, before the adoption of Khamis, Sindhi men used to wear Short angrakho (/wiki/Angarkha) called Angelo, later Sindhi Pehriyān/Pehrān (collarless Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) tunic) tied at either side or in center resembling Sindhi Angelo was common, but unlike Angelo which is completely slitted infront, the Pehrān has halfway slit in either side or in the middle which is tied with two strings, both Angelo and Pehriyan were sometimes used to be embroidered with Sindhi Bhart (embroideries) (/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery) and mirrorwork. Sindhi men also wear embroidered vests ( Ganji (/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery) ) under the Khamis. Some men in rural areas wear Sindhi lungi (/wiki/Lungi) (only muslims) called "Godd", whereas hindus wore Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) or Treto and a long Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) . [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) With clothes Sindhi men wore Sindhi patko or pagg (turban), youngsters wore Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) . Different shawls like Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) , Lungee (/wiki/Sindhi_Lungee_(cloth)) (silk, cotton and wool made shawls) or any other locally made shawls or handkerchiefs were carried on shoulders. Two Sindhi men in Sindhi Kancha, Patko and Ajrak. During the medieval period and prior to the Mughal (/wiki/Mughal_Empire) rule, the costumes worn by the people of Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) resembled the dresses worn in Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) and adjoining countries. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) The dresses included short tunics and Iraqi style long robes. If any drawers were used, they were of the Iraqi style, such as the pantaloons which were also adopted in neighbouring Multan (/wiki/Multan) and also in the coastal areas of Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) . [22] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-22) However, the use of such Iraqi clothes in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) was limited to Mansura (/wiki/Mansura,_Sindh) , [23] (#cite_note-23) the Arab capital city, established in 712 C.E. [24] (#cite_note-24) and was not universally adopted throughout the region. Arab rule in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) ended in 1050 C.E. [25] (#cite_note-25) Further, alongside these dresses, Sindhis also wore other traditional attire. Sindhi clothing Portrait of a girl from Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , Sind (/wiki/Sind_Division) , in narrow Sindhi sossi suthan, veil, cholo and Tauranwari jutti (traditional sandals). c. 1870. Oriental and India Office Collection, British Library. Type Dress Introduced Historic Traditional Sindhi Salwars (Suthan, Kancha) [ edit ] Sindhi Foot Soldier in his War Dress The traditional Sindhi drawers are the shalwar [26] (#cite_note-26) style adopted from Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) [27] (#cite_note-27) and neighbouring countries. The Sindhi shalwar, also called kancha, [28] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-28) can be described as wide pantaloons [22] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-22) which do not begin to gather at the knees as does the modern Sindhi suthan, and are wide at the ankles. [28] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-28) The Sindhi shalwar is plaited at the waist. [29] (#cite_note-29) Both garments are loose down to the ankles, where they are gathered. Both garments have the same origins in the pantaloons of Iraq, [30] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) which are still worn by the Kurds (/wiki/Kurds) . [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) The Sindhi suthan resembles with pants of Kurds, whereas Sindhi kancha resembles with Bakhtiari (/wiki/Bakhtiari_people) Lur (/wiki/Lurs) people of Iran. The Sindhi shalwar however, was not universally adopted in the region, where it was limited to Mansura (/wiki/Mansura,_Sindh) . In time too, Arab rule which introduced the Iraqi dress, ended in the 11th century. Accordingly, the traditional Sindhi shalwar qamees. It is not until the migration of people from Balochistan (/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan) beginning during the 15th century C.E. [34] (#cite_note-34) and picking up pace during the 18th century C.E. [35] (#cite_note-35) that the use of the shalwar in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) was introduced on a wide level. However, the Sindhi shalwar, as the earlier version worn in Mansura, is not as wide and loose as the Balochi shalwar, which is very wide and loose. [36] (#cite_note-36) A suthan is traditionally tight fitting below the knees or around the ankles whereas any style of shalwar is loosely gathered at the ankles and does not tighten towards the lower parts of the legs. Some Sindhi men especially Sindhi hindus also wore tight pyjamas, these were also worn by some Sindhi women as well under skirts. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Although it was not customary for women to wear the suthan during the early 19th century, men were seen wearing the traditional pantaloon style Sindhi shalwar/suthan during this period. [39] (#cite_note-39) However, the suthan was not universally adopted by members of all religions to begin with, [40] (#cite_note-40) but in 1872 it was noted that the use had spread to a wider audience. [41] (#cite_note-41) Female Dresses [ edit ] Sindhi women are fond of rich and expensive clothes. The wealthier orders have a number of dresses made of brocades, gold and silver stuffs, fine velvets, painted silks, satins, and other such articles of luxury. Married and unmarried girls usually dress in bright colors like red, pink, maroon, purple, blue, orange, green etc colours; old women and widows wear white or neutral or pastel colors (/wiki/Pastel_(color)) . [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) Sindhi women traditionally wore different styles, fabrics and embroideries of Sindhi Cholo/Choli with Soossi (/wiki/Sussi_(cloth)) Shalwars or Pajamo (/wiki/Pajamas) under bandhani, Sossi, printed or satin made Skirt and a long veil (Rao, Gandhi, Poti), today Sindhi women most commonly wear the Sindhi Salwar and Cholo with a long and wide veil having Sindhi embroideries called bhart. Bhart varies from tribe to tribe and region to region, Traditional dress called Paro/Jablo/ Peshgir (/wiki/Peshgeer) / Ghaghro (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) /Ghaghri (Skirt) Cholo/Choli/Polko/Kanjeeri (tunic) is also worn today in some parts of Sindh, some muslim women wear Cholo instead of Choli a long and loose tunic reaching below knees or sometimes till ankles, Sindhi traditional women clothes are most vibrant and colorful with Sindhi embroideries (/wiki/Sindhi_Embroideries) and mirror work (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) , the various local floral prints, the Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) fabric (tie and dye technique, which is believed to be originated from Sindh), the block printed fabric and the Sussi fabric is also very famous of Sindh. A full embroidered front of Cholo tunic is called Gaj. Some Sindhi jat (/wiki/Sindhi_Jats) and Memon (/wiki/Sindhi_Memon) women in "Lar" region of Sindh wear a long thobe (/wiki/Thawb) like dresses called "Jubo" in Sindhi, while others wear Sindhi fairaq ( frocks (/wiki/Frock) ) with Sindhi Gaj embroidery called (Âggoti), and some baloch & Sindhi women in Sindh wear a frock like dress with a pocket infront called (Ghagho meaning frock in Sindhi). [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) The traditional clothes are worn with traditional silver and gold jewellery as well, The white full arm bangles are famous from Mohenjo-daro (/wiki/Mohenjo-daro) , originally made out of ivory but today made from plastic. Traditional Sindhi Cholo with Gaj (/w/index.php?title=Gaj_(tunic)&action=edit&redlink=1) fronts worn by Sammat (/wiki/Sindhi_Sammat) Muslim women in Lower Sindh "Lar, Kohistan, Lasbelo and Thar regions of Sindh". Painting of Sindhi jat women wearing Jubo (thobe). Sindhi women wearing traditional clothing on Sindhi Cultural Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) in Jamshoro, Pakistan. Sindhi women wearing traditional clothing on Sindhi Cultural Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) in Jamshoro, Pakistan. Sindhi women wearing traditional clothing on Sindhi Cultural Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) in Jamshoro, Pakistan. Sindhi women wearing traditional clothing on Sindhi Cultural Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) in Jamshoro, Pakistan. Sindhi women wearing traditional clothing on Sindhi Cultural Day (/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day) in Jamshoro, Pakistan. Lengha Choli [ edit ] Before the advent of the suthan and Sindhi cholo, the traditional dress was lengha (jablo) choli which is still worn by women in various parts of Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) . Women in the Tharparkar (/wiki/Tharparkar) district wear a ghagra, a heavier version of the lehnga, with either a loose or fitted choli, [44] (#cite_note-44) or a kancera, a fully embroidered, backless blouse, held on by small cap sleeves and strings. [45] (#cite_note-Peter_J._Claus_2003-45) Another upper garment is the gaji (pullover shirt) which is worn in the mountain areas of Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) . The gaji is composed of small, square panels, embroidered on silk and sequins (/wiki/Sequin) . The neck line of the gaji is cut high, and round on one side, with a slit opening extending the other. Unmarried girls wear the opening to the back and married women, to the front. [45] (#cite_note-Peter_J._Claus_2003-45) The original outfit does not require a woman to wear a suthan underneath the lengha, and up until the 1840s, the skirt was commonly worn on its own. [46] (#cite_note-46) Accordingly, the suthan for women is a relatively late adoption. [47] (#cite_note-47) In parts of Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) , the skirt is worn without the suthan. [48] (#cite_note-48) Sindhi Suthan and Sindhi Cholo [ edit ] Modern Suthan (Chareno): By the 1930s, [7] (#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-7) the suthan, similar to the Shalwar (/wiki/Shalwar) became the traditional lower garment worn by women in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) . [49] (#cite_note-Winer2009-49) The Sindhi suthan, also called Chareno, is similar to the Punjabi suthan of the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) , [50] (#cite_note-50) is heavily pleated, voluminous on the thighs, slightly narrowed on the knees, gathered in at the instep [28] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-28) and pleated to the ankles. [51] (#cite_note-Boivin,_Michel_2008-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) The traditional Sindhi Suthan along with Pajamo, for women is made in bright colors and rich fabrics like soosi (/wiki/Sussi_(cloth)) , silk (/wiki/Silk) , satin (/wiki/Satin) , velvets (/wiki/Velvet) and brocades (/wiki/Brocade) which are heavily embroidered at ankles (Pācha). Cholo : The Sindhi suthan was traditionally accompanied by the Sindhi Cholo (tunic) and Paro ( Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) / Ghagra (/wiki/Ghagra) ) [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) but now is worn with a Cholo (kameez) only which is loose fitting, [56] (#cite_note-56) and is made in a variety of ways, including the traditional method of the cholo opening at the front to the waist, [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) with either tight or wide sleeves reaching above or below the elbow. [59] (#cite_note-59) The traditional Cholo reaches at least till knees, while some women wear it down to the ankles. [60] (#cite_note-60) Women generally wear a dupatta or Rao ( Veil (/wiki/Veil) ) with the Sindhi suthan and Sindhi cholo, suit to cover their head and shoulders and is very important among Sindhi women for both religiously and culturally. In the past, women wore a thin muslin (/wiki/Muslin) veil (rawa) bigger than the present day dupattas. [11] (#cite_note-blogs.rediff.com-11) Sindhi Julaba [ edit ] Very loose ankle length garment in hand loom or hand-blocked material with a hood attached, with tie string at "V" opening in the neck and side slits at lower part extending to lower hem. Worn with or without hood in the villages of Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) and can also be embroidered. [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Saluka [ edit ] The Saluka is a tight fitting waistcoat which was worn by some Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhis) and the Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabis) women. [63] (#cite_note-63) Gaj [ edit ] Gaj, Gajj or Guj are very traditional embroidered tunics of Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhis) women from Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) , [64] (#cite_note-64) it is a solid embroidery (/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery) with mirrorwork (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) , pompoms (/wiki/Pom-pom) , sequins (/wiki/Sequin) , cowries (/wiki/Cowrie) , shells (/wiki/Seashell) , beads (/wiki/Bead) and buttons (/wiki/Button) over the woman's shirt it usually covers the area, starting from neck up to the stomach. [65] (#cite_note-65) It incorporates variety of stitches and colors. Sometimes, it is made on separate piece of cloth and then attached to the garment. [66] (#cite_note-66) The style/patterns of embroidery on Gaj are usually two or sometimes three squares, circular or heart/ paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) shaped blocks on each sides and an arrow like straight line in between, [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) other style which has one block on both sides on yoke (/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)) , and horizontal or vertical lines or both in front, or simply a straight arrow like line in front of a tunic without the side blocks, [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) the arms and borderline are also embroidered, there are also many other styles, stitches and colors of Gaj embroidery specific to each region and tribe of Sindh. [71] (#cite_note-71) The Larai jats (/wiki/Sindhi_Jats) of Lār region call it "Āggoti". A single Gaj can take up months or weeks to complete. [72] (#cite_note-:4-72) The statue of man and woman showing traditional Sindhi clothing, displayed in a museum. Traditional Sindhi Gaj from Thar desert of Sindh. Gaj was usually worn on special occasions, specially for bride and for the dowry of woman, [73] (#cite_note-73) [72] (#cite_note-:4-72) but back in time it was also worn as everyday outfit, today only worn on Cultural days or on any Cultural events by Sindhi women. Some women still wear minimal Gaj embroidered yokes and necklines called "Galo and Gichi" with mirrorwork, on modern style clothes. [74] (#cite_note-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) Sari [ edit ] Saris were and are only worn by Sindhi Lohana (/wiki/Lohana) , Waniya (/wiki/Bania_(caste)) , Khatri (/wiki/Khatri) and Brahmin Hindu women, [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) the educated and trading communities of Sindhi hindu women who adopted Sarees from other regions of India. [76] (#cite_note-76) In the 20th century, Sindhi women took to wearing net and chiffon sarees embroidered with gold or silver thread, and velvet blouses. Sometimes georgette sarees were paired with crocheted blouses In Sindh sarees were draped both ways in front pallu and back pallu saree style. Some educated Memon (/wiki/Memon_people) , Shaikh (/wiki/Sindhi_Shaikh) and Khowaja (/wiki/Khoja) community women also wear Saris on special occasions like weddings, parties, events etc. [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) Male dress [ edit ] Sindhi Suthan and Sindhi Angelo [ edit ] A Sindhi hindu banker in long Angerkho and Dhoti, (1845) The other outfit worn by males is the modern Sindhi Suthan with the traditional Peheren (Sindhi shirt) which is also called Angerkho, [7] (#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-7) a short form of the Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) and fastened to the side. [79] (#cite_note-79) An alternative name for the top is Angeli which is short and left or right crossed, covering the chest, the shoulders and the arms. The sleeves are long and pleated. Large and wide pleats cover the belly. [51] (#cite_note-Boivin,_Michel_2008-51) The other upper garment is the traditional garment similar to a long gown. [80] (#cite_note-80) Sindhi headwear [ edit ] Main article: Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) has its own variety of hats/caps and turbans. Sindhi Topi : The Sindhi topi (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) is a cylindrical skullcap with an arch (/wiki/Arch) shaped cut-out on the frontal side. The hat is embroidered with intricate geometrical designs with small pieces of mirrors or gemstones (/wiki/Gemstone) sewed into it. [81] (#cite_note-81) [82] (#cite_note-82) Sindhi topi Talpur Hat/Serai Hat: The Talpur hat also called Serai Topi were unusual hats, usually made in brightly coloured velvets or flamboyant brocades, always with the contrasting panels at centre back and front of the drum. They were worn throughout the 19th century by muslims in Sindh. Originally monopolised by government officials and lawyers. Talpurs in Serai Topi. Mogho Topu: The square hat, made of black cloth or kincob (/wiki/Kimkhwab) (cloth of gold), called "mogho topu", belonged to higher and wealthier classes. It is not worn anymore. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) There are three different kinds of turbans: [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) The Paga : A long cotton cloth, generally white, sometimes dyed. The Patako/Pothio: Resembling the former, but smaller and sometimes used ajrak or lungi (/wiki/Sindhi_Lungee_(cloth)) cloth. The Phentiyo: A fold of cotton stuff, loosely twisted round the head. Bright in colors, usually of bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) fabric. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) The lower orders prefer clothes dyed with indigo (/wiki/Indigo) to white dresses [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) as latter show dirt too much, some people especially Fakirs (/wiki/Fakir) , Dervishs (/wiki/Dervish) and malangs wear green, black, red and orange color turbans. The black color is associated with Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Latif_Bhittai) , Red color with Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (/wiki/Lal_Shahbaz_Qalandar) , orange with Sachal Sarmast (/wiki/Sachal_Sarmast) , and green with Shah Noorani (/wiki/Syed_Bilawal_Shah_Noorani) , these all are sufi saints of Sindh. Two muslim Sindhi men in Sindhi Salwar/Suthan and Pehriyan/Pehran with Sindhi Patko (turbans) and Loi (shawl), Hyderabad, Sindh. Top/Toplo : traditional handmade hoodies for kids and children, used in winter to keep the ears and head warm, made of different styles like round circular one with "Jhalar", or cone shaped, it is also sometimes embroidered with mirrorwork and pompoms (/wiki/Pom-pom) , beads (/wiki/Bead) , shells (/wiki/Seashell) / cowries (/wiki/Cowrie) , buttons (/wiki/Button) are sewn on it, it is also called as Kantop. [83] (#cite_note-ind-83) [84] (#cite_note-84) Sindhi Faqeeri topi : a circular skullcap made of patchwork, worn by many Sindhi Sufi (/wiki/Sufism) devotees and Fakeers (/wiki/Fakir) . [85] (#cite_note-85) A malang wearing Faqeeri topi at the shrine of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar There are also many other styles of caps, hats and turbans which used to be worn back in time, some are still being worn today. Sindhi Shawls [ edit ] Main articles: Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) , Abochani (/w/index.php?title=Abochani&action=edit&redlink=1) , and Sindhi Lungee (cloth) (/wiki/Sindhi_Lungee_(cloth)) Ajrak : the block printed shawl known as Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) used by men, the ancient Indus Valley Civilization (/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation) art of Sindh, the traditional ajrak has various designs of maroon (/wiki/Maroon) or crimson (/wiki/Crimson) , white and black color, it is a symbol of Sindhi culture. [86] (#cite_note-86) Maleer : a block printed ajrak for women and bridegrooms (doshalo), [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) sometimes it is embroidered with mirrorwork, in today's times various designs and colors of maleer are worn by women as modern clothes like salwar kameez, sarees, jackets etc. [89] (#cite_note-89) [90] (#cite_note-90) Lungi/Lungee : made of silk, cotton and wool, in both bright and soft colours with beautifully woven broad borders of silver and gold thread. The use of bright, bold and vibrant colors with gold zari on the Lungi make its worth and significance, these are worn as shawl and as turbans on ceremonious occasions. [83] (#cite_note-ind-83) [91] (#cite_note-91) Sindhi khadi/thari shawls : these are handwoven khadi shawls worn in winters, these are most beautiful usually in black and white colors with multi color stripes, other colors are also used for making these shawls. [92] (#cite_note-92) [93] (#cite_note-93) [94] (#cite_note-94) Abochhini/Abochani : or Bochini are Sindhi embroidered (/wiki/Sindhi_embroidery) wedding shawls for brides, while Bochini/Bochan were used for bridegroom on wedding day in Sindh. [95] (#cite_note-95) [96] (#cite_note-96) [97] (#cite_note-97) from early to mid 19th and 20th century, [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) the beautiful large and wide shawls embroidered with glossy silk threads, mirrors (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) , beads (/wiki/Bead) sometimes cardamom (/wiki/Cardamom) and cloves (/wiki/Clove) are also stitched on it. [101] (#cite_note-101) [102] (#cite_note-102) [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-104) Many Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhis) tribes like Khaskheli (/wiki/Khaskheli) , Memons (/wiki/Sindhi_Memon) and Lohanas (/wiki/Lohana) make "Butti" flower motifs on Abochhinis. [105] (#cite_note-105) [106] (#cite_note-106) [107] (#cite_note-107) The Soomra (/wiki/Soomro) tribe wedding shawls have scattered buds of "Akk" plant ( Calotropis procera (/wiki/Calotropis_procera) ) embroidered in typical Phulri ( Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_stitch) ) stitch, various other motifs like Bayri ( Ziziphus jujuba (/wiki/Ziziphus_jujuba) ), Kanwal (Lotus), stitches and colors of luminous silk threads are used on it, [108] (#cite_note-108) [109] (#cite_note-109) these shawls were given to brides as part of dowry. [110] (#cite_note-110) Loi/Loee : these are simple handwoven lightweight winter shawls, these are made usually in cream (/wiki/Cream_(colour)) colors. [111] (#cite_note-111) Sindhi Rawa/Chadars: Sindhi traditional dupattas (/wiki/Dupatta) are long and wide, which are beautifully embroidered with mirrorwork on plain, printed or bandhani cloth, today worn when women go outdoors to cover their head and body. [112] (#cite_note-112) Sindhi Ajrak Modern clothing [ edit ] Shalwar kameez [ edit ] Woman in Shalwar kameez praying at Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple (/wiki/Panchmukhi_Hanuman_Temple) Sindhi Women in Salwar, Cholo and Rao in traditional sindhi embroideries. Men and women wear the straight cut Punjabi [113] (#cite_note-113) shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) using local prints, embroideries and designs. Sindhi kurta [ edit ] The Sindhi (/wiki/Sindh) kurta is the traditional straight cut variety worn in neighbouring Punjab [114] (#cite_note-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) which is becoming increasingly popular in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) [116] (#cite_note-116) but uses local patterns to embroidery the garment and also makes use of mirrors. The local art of bandhani (creating patterned textiles by resisting parts of a fabric by tying knots on it before it is dyed) is utilised which is believed to have originated in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) and spread to Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) via Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) [117] (#cite_note-117) and is also practiced in the Punjab region (/wiki/Punjab_region) . Sindhi kurtas are also made out of heavy applique called "Tuk" and the kurtas are often called Tuk kurtas. [118] (#cite_note-118) Ajrak prints are also used. Western clothes are also worn by young boys and girls. Sindhi cap and Ajrak shawl. Sindhi Gulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) (Phulkari) embroidered modern style Chola. Gallery [ edit ] Image showing clothing in Indus valley civilization Painting of a Sindhi and a Parsi from a series of twelve paintings, c.1850 Sindhi knight in Sindhi armor with Sindhi Kaat (/wiki/Bhuj_(weapon)) (Bhuj) weapon Sindhi Armor Sindhi Armor Sindhi Armor Traditional Sindhi dresses in a cloth shop. Elderly Sindhi man in Sindhi Salwar Kamis, Patko and Ajrak Two Sindhi men, one wearing Godd and Sindhi traditional floral rumal (handkerchief) as turban. Sindhi man in Qamis and Kancha in Clifton beach, Karachi. Sindhi sufi singer in ajrak turban, Kantha necklaces, and tamburo musical instrument of Sindh. Elderly man of thar desert wearing Phentiyo/Phento turban. Men of thar desert in Sindh wearing Angelo. Group of men in Karachi. Sindhi muslim men Men of Hyderabad, Sindh Sindhi men wrestling (Malakhro) in Hyderabad. Talpur meers wearing Sherwanis and unique circular embroidered caps. Portrait of an elderly man wearing unique hat probably Moghu hat. Portrait of Sindhi Lohana Amil men in Serai topi Vintage group photo of Sindhi hindus. Sindhi tribal girl Sketch of Sindhi Fishermen. A Sindhi girl of Karachi A girl from Karachi Sindhi fisherwomen Portrait of a Jain woman and child Sindhi girl from Kashmore. Women of Thar desert, Sindh Sindhi dress of Thar, Sindh. A girl wearing Soossi fabric dress A girl dressed in Sindhi embroidered Frock. See also [ edit ] Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa clothing (/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_clothing) Clothing of Balochistan, Pakistan (/wiki/Clothing_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Robe , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Child's tunic , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jacket , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Man's Ensemble , c. 1855 , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dress , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Tunic , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ Jump up to: a b c I Am a Sindhi: The Glorious Sindhi Heritage / The Culture and Folklore of Sind By J. P. Vaswani [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=d6uT5zW_2A4C&dq=sindhi+suthan+and+cholo&pg=PA236) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tunic , 1855 , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Shirt , c. 1855 , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Traditional Sindhi Attire Through the Ages" (https://www.kanchanfashion.com/blogs/best-ethnic-dresses-for-women/traditional-sindhi-attire-through-the-age) . Kanchan Fashion Pvt Ltd . 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2024-03-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b c https://www.kapraycorner.com/2023/12/21/the-essence-of-pakistani-formal-elegance-at-kapraycorner-com/ (https://www.kapraycorner.com/2023/12/21/the-essence-of-pakistani-formal-elegance-at-kapraycorner-com/) ^ Jump up to: a b "Sindhi Clothing – Sindhi Khazana" (https://sindhikhazana.com/sindhi-clothing/) . Retrieved 2023-05-25 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Burton, Richard (1992). Sindh and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus: With Notices of the Topography and History of [the] Province . Asian Educational Services. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-206-0758-3 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gazetteer of the Province of Sind ... government at the "Mercantile" steam Press. 1907. Ornaments are as indispensable to a Sindhi woman as clothes, The foremost in importance is the nose-ring (nath), which to a married woman is like a wedding ring, never to be removed while her husband lives. Nose-rings are of many forms, some suspended from either wing of the nose, some from middle cartilage. They are large, sometimes ponderous, but the weight is borne by a plat of hair let down over the forehead. Smaller rings, such as girls wear, are called bulā. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Magedin, Shireen (2022-05-07). Lifelines . AUSXIP Publishing. In many Sindhi tribes married women had to wear ivory-colored bangles that covered their arms? Your great grandmother used to wear them. She told me that an ideal set would have included seventeen bangles worn on the upper arm and nine on the lower arm; a total of fifty-two bangles on each arm." My great grandmother? I listened with interest. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Gazetteer of the Province of Sind ... government at the "Mercantile" steam Press. 1907. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1851). Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus . W. H. Allen. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Nani and her Hand-Knit Sindhi Nada" (https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/fabric-of-india/the-search-for-sindhu/nani-and-her-handknit-sindhi-nada--3358) . www.thevoiceoffashion.com . Retrieved 2024-05-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b 1998 District Census Report of [name of District].: Umerkot . Population Census Organisation, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 1999. p. 9. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Verma, Harish Chandra (1986) Dynamics Of Urban Life In Pre-Mughal India [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=WmbaAAAAMAAJ&q=sind+dress+medieval+times) ^ (#cite_ref-21) amiyat-ul-Falah (1967)The Voice of Islam, Volume 16 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlLVAAAAMAAJ&q=sind+dress+medieval+times) ^ Jump up to: a b Kumar, Raj (2008) Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern [3] (https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=sindh+kurta+dress+medieval+times&pg=PA239) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Chandra, Moti (1973) Costumes, Textiles, Cosmetics & Coiffure in Ancient and Medieval India [4] (https://books.google.com/books?id=TaHpAAAAMAAJ&q=shalwar+iraqi++mansura) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Hamdard Islamicus, Volumes 3-4 (1980) (https://books.google.com/books?id=qpguAAAAIAAJ&q=shalwar+iraq++sind) ^ (#cite_ref-25) Claus, Peter J. Diamond, Sarah. and Mills Sarah (2003) South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka [5] (https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&dq=arab+rule+sindh&pg=PA37) ^ (#cite_ref-26) Mumtaz Husain Pathan (1974) Arab kingdom of al-Mansurah in Sind (https://books.google.com/books?id=N8s5AQAAIAAJ&q=shalwar+) ^ (#cite_ref-27) Sir Henry Miers Ellio (1850) Bibliographical Index to the Historians of Muhammedan India, Volume 1 [6] (https://books.google.com/books?id=nt45AQAAIAAJ&dq=istakhri+sindh+dress&pg=PA64) ^ Jump up to: a b c Burton, Richard (1996) Sindh and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus: With Notices of the Topography and History of [the] Province [7] (https://books.google.com/books?id=gO6pPmYjF5MC&q=kaba&pg=PA285) ^ (#cite_ref-29) Reginald Edward Enthoven, Stephen Meredyth Edwardes (1909) Provincial series: Bombay presidency ... [8] (https://books.google.com/books?id=CltuAAAAMAAJ&q=suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated2_30-0) Satish Saberwal, Mushirul Hasan (/wiki/Mushirul_Hasan) (2006) Assertive Religious Identities: India and Europe [9] (https://books.google.com/books?id=Rs3XAAAAMAAJ&q=gujarati++kafni) ^ (#cite_ref-31) Said, Hakim Mohammad (1990) Road to Pakistan. 1. 712 - 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=6xMNAAAAIAAJ&q=trousers) ^ (#cite_ref-32) Harris, George Lawrence (1958) Iraq (https://books.google.com/books?id=LCgxAAAAIAAJ&q=iraq+pantaloons) ^ (#cite_ref-33) Laurie, Thomas (1855) Dr. [A.] Grant and the mountain Nestorians [10] (https://books.google.com/books?id=p1QBAAAAQAAJ&dq=kurdish+shalwar&pg=PA261) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Bolton, Heather . Shafqat, Saeed (2007) New perspectives on Pakistan: visions for the future [11] (https://books.google.com/books?id=GtwVAQAAMAAJ&q=baloch+migration+to+sindh+dates) ^ (#cite_ref-35) Gayer, Laurent (2014) Karachi: Ordered Disorder and the Struggle for the City [12] (https://books.google.com/books?id=BklRBAAAQBAJ&dq=baloch+karachi+talpur&pg=PA128) ^ (#cite_ref-36) Postans, Thomas (1843) Personal Observations on Sindh: The Manners and Customs of Its Inhabitants; and Its Productive Capabilities [13] (https://archive.org/details/personalobservat00post) ^ (#cite_ref-37) Trousers , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-38) Trousers , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-39) Chablānī, S. P. (1951) Economic conditions in Sind, 1592 to 1843 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ql87AAAAMAAJ&q=suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-40) Bhowmik, K. L. (1988)Protection And Preservation Of Heritage (https://books.google.com/books?id=lmgKAQAAIAAJ&q=sindh) ^ (#cite_ref-41) A Gazetteer of the province of Sind (1876) (https://archive.org/stream/agazetteerprovi00unkngoog/agazetteerprovi00unkngoog_djvu.txt) ^ (#cite_ref-42) Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1851). Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus with Notices of the Topography and History of the Province . Wm. H. Allen. p. 417. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Tunic , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-44) United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (1988) (https://books.google.com/books?id=czSS5xJl4CwC&dq=punjabi+angarkha&pg=PA1220) ^ Jump up to: a b Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills (2003) South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka [14] (https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&q=+dress&pg=PA22) ^ (#cite_ref-46) Chablānī, S. P. (1951) Economic conditions in Sind, 1592 to 1843 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ql87AAAAMAAJ&q=paro) ^ (#cite_ref-47) Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1951) Indian costume: (bhāratīya vesabhūsā) (https://books.google.com/books?id=ULoMAAAAYAAJ&q=suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-48) Raḥmānī, Anjum (2000) Cultural heritage of Pakistan (https://books.google.com/books?id=q_ptAAAAMAAJ&q=suthan+) ^ (#cite_ref-Winer2009_49-0) Lise Winer (16 January 2009). Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles . McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 808–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7735-3406-3 . Retrieved 8 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Punjab District Gazetteers (1932) (https://books.google.com/books?id=s-Y2AQAAMAAJ&q=punjab++suthan) ^ Jump up to: a b Boivin, Michel (2008) Sindh Through History and Representations: French Contributions to Sindhi Studies [15] (https://books.google.com/books?id=bXYMAQAAMAAJ&q=sindh+blouse) ^ (#cite_ref-52) Mali, Iftikhar.Haider (2006)Culture and Customs of Pakistan (https://books.google.com/books?id=GQTABKAGaVgC&dq=kurta+originated+central+asia&pg=PA119) ^ (#cite_ref-53) Focus on Pakistan, Volume 2 (1972) (https://books.google.com/books?id=fhvVAAAAMAAJ&q=suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-54) I am a Sindhi: The Glorious Sindhi Heritage and Culture and Folklore of Sindh J P Vaswami ^ (#cite_ref-55) Sindh and The Races That Inhabit the Valley of the Indus Richard F Burton ^ (#cite_ref-56) Askari, Nasreen and Crill, Rosemary Colours of the Indus: Costume and Textiles of Pakistan (1997) [16] (https://books.google.com/books?id=jWRQAAAAMAAJ&q=cholo) ^ (#cite_ref-57) Perspective, Volume 3, Issue 2 (1970) (https://books.google.com/books?id=2-0IAQAAIAAJ&q=+cholo) ^ (#cite_ref-58) Weekly of Pakistan, Volume 20, Issues 27-39 (1968) (https://books.google.com/books?id=rXscAQAAMAAJ&q=+cholo) ^ (#cite_ref-59) Papers by Command, Volume 68. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons H.M. Stationery Office, 1979 - Legislation [17] (https://books.google.com/books?id=lDQ6AQAAIAAJ&q=extra+wide) ^ (#cite_ref-60) Chaukhandi tombs in Pakistan (1996 (https://books.google.com/books?id=pboYAAAAYAAJ&q=ankles) ) ^ (#cite_ref-61) United States Treaties and other International Agreements Vol 29 Part 4 [18] (https://archive.org/stream/unitedstatestrea015927mbp/unitedstatestrea015927mbp_djvu.txt) ^ (#cite_ref-62) Papers by Command, Volume 68. Great Britain (https://books.google.com/books?id=lDQ6AQAAIAAJ&q=Sindi+Julaba) ^ (#cite_ref-63) Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1951). Indian Costume: (bhāratīya Vesabhūsā) . Popular Book Depot. ^ (#cite_ref-64) Shah, Mushtaq Ali (2014-11-13). Mystic Melodies: Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai . AuthorHouse. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4969-9607-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-65) Quddus, Syed Abdul (1987). Pakistan from Khyber to Karachi . Islamic Book Center. p. 387. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-969-436-008-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan . Pakistan Herald Publications. 1968. p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-67) Allānā, G̲h̲ulām ʻAlī (1986). Sindi Culture: A Preliminary Survey . Indus Publications. p. 37. ^ (#cite_ref-68) Salman, Peerzada (2020-11-06). "Gaj opens at Mohatta Palace Museum" (https://www.dawn.com/news/1588824) . dawn.com . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) Leghari, Saba Qayoom (2019-06-29). "Evolution of Mirror Embroidery in Two Villages of Sanghar Sindh" (https://www.academia.edu/69483653) . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Indigenous Craft Belonging to Sindh, Pakistan" (https://medium.com/@trc_75910/indigenous-craft-belonging-to-sindh-pakistan-f4461e93aa97) . Medium . 2020-12-30 . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Baessler-Archiv (in German). D. Reimer. 1975. p. 415. ^ Jump up to: a b "Karachi hosts three-day Sindh craft festival - LifeStyle" (https://dunyanews.tv/en/LifeStyle/429936-Karachi-hosts-three-day-Sindh-craft-festival) . Dunya News . 2008-02-14 . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Focus on Pakistan . Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation. 1977. pp. 45, 47. ^ (#cite_ref-74) Askari, Nasreen (/wiki/Nasreen_Askari) ; Crill, Rosemary (1997). Colours of the Indus: Costume and Textiles of Pakistan . M. Holberton. pp. 29, 32. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85894-045-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-75) Pakistan Quarterly . Pakistan Publications. 1960. p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-76) Bhanu, B. V. (2004). Maharashtra . Popular Prakashan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7991-102-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Sindhi Clothing – Sindhi Khazana" (https://sindhikhazana.com/sindhi-clothing/) . Retrieved 2024-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) Nyrop, Richard F. (1971). Area Handbook for Pakistan . U.S. Government Printing Office. ^ (#cite_ref-79) Indian Costume By Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (https://books.google.com/books?id=irh9dvlLz3MC&dq=sindhi+peheran&pg=PA143) ^ (#cite_ref-80) Elphinstone, Mountstuart (1842) An account of the kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies, in Persia, Tartary, and India (1842) [19] (http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1157&context=afghanenglish) ^ (#cite_ref-81) APP (2023-12-04). " (https://www.brecorder.com/news/40276548) 'Sindhi Culture Day' observed with traditional zeal, gaiety" (https://www.brecorder.com/news/40276548) . Brecorder . Retrieved 2024-01-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-82) Cap , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ Jump up to: a b "Indigenous Crafts of Sindh" (https://medium.com/textile-resource-centre-department-of-textile/indigenous-crafts-of-sindh-77f1ccc9a296) . Agha Hasan Abedi Textile Resource Centre, Department of Textile Design, Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture . 2020-12-30 . Retrieved 2024-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-84) Hood , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Faqeeri Darvesh Rilli design topi(Cap). Buy Online" (https://sindhcrafts.com/product/ralli-cap/) . Handicrafts of Pakistan . Retrieved 2024-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-86) "Sindh keeps 5,000-year old Ajrak tradition alive in Pakistan" (https://www.nation.com.pk/21-Sep-2023/sindh-keeps-5-000-year-old-ajrak-tradition-alive-in-pakistan) . The Nation . 2023-09-21 . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-87) "A man's wedding shawl from Sindh, Pakistan (item #1119559, detailed views)" (https://www.trocadero.com/stores/GalerieAriana/items/1119559/mans-wedding-shawl-from-Sindh-Pakistan/enlargement1) . www.trocadero.com . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-88) Man's shawl , retrieved 2024-03-27 ^ (#cite_ref-89) "Block Printed Malir Ajrak Embroidered 2pc Suit-NB - Buy online" (https://sindhcraftstore.com/product/block-printed-malir-ajrak-embroidered-2pc-suit-nb/) . Sindh Craft Store . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-90) "Textiles from the Indus Valley at The David Collection" (https://hali.com/news/textiles-indus-valley-david-collection/) . HALI . 2014-07-23 . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-91) "The living textile traditions of Sindh. - Free Online Library" (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+living+textile+traditions+of+Sindh.-a0188157368) . www.thefreelibrary.com . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-92) "Collection of Shawls for Men. Buy online in Pakistan!" (https://sindhcrafts.com/buy/sindhi-chadar/men-shawls/) . Handicrafts of Pakistan . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-93) "Sindhi Traditional Khaddi Shawl" (https://vceela.com/shop/sindhi-traditional-khaddi-shawl-26114) . Vceela . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-94) "Buy Green & Yellow Sindhi Tharri / Khatri / Wadera Shawl SHL-112-13 - Online in Pakistan" (https://subhay.com/Green-Yellow-Sindhi-Tharri-Khatri-Wadera-Shawl-SHL-112-13) . subhay.com . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-95) Veil , c. 1900 , retrieved 2024-05-21 ^ (#cite_ref-96) Shawl , c. 1900 , retrieved 2024-05-21 ^ (#cite_ref-97) Textile , 1855–1879 , retrieved 2024-05-21 ^ (#cite_ref-98) "Antique Large Sindh Wedding Shawl or Abochani ► Carolyn Forbes Textiles" (https://carolynforbestextiles.com/item-detail/archive/antique-large-sindh-wedding-shawl-or-abochani) . 2014-04-26 . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-99) Bharadwaj, Prakash (1988). Sindhis Through the Ages: Far-East & South-East Asian countries . World-Wide Publishing Company. ^ (#cite_ref-100) "1367 Sold Superb Old Sindh Abochani Wedding Shawl" (https://wovensouls.com/products/antique-sindh-abochani-wedding-shawl) . Wovensouls Antique Textiles & Art Gallery . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-101) Crill, Rosemary (1999). Indian Embroidery . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85177-310-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-102) "Vintage Sindh Abochani (#5540 \| 50 x 85")" (https://bvizdesign.com/products/vintage-kuchi-mirror-work-shawl-5540) . B. Viz Design . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-103) "Antique Sindh Abochani wedding shawl/bedcover" (https://hannahwhyman.co.uk/products/antique-sindh-abochani-wedding-shawl-bedcover) . Hannah Whyman . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-104) "Antique Sindh Embroidered Wedding Shawl – Available for Sale" (https://wovensouls.org/2017/05/03/antique-sindh-embroidered-wedding-shawl-available-for-sale/) . wovensouls.org . 2017-05-03 . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-105) Askari, Nasreen (/wiki/Nasreen_Askari) ; Arthur, Liz (1999). Uncut Cloth . Merrell Holberton. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85894-083-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-106) Shawl , retrieved 2024-05-21 ^ (#cite_ref-107) Shawl , retrieved 2024-05-21 ^ (#cite_ref-108) Askari, Nasreen (/wiki/Nasreen_Askari) ; Crill, Rosemary (1997). Colours of the Indus: Costume and Textiles of Pakistan . M. Holberton. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85894-044-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-109) "Silk Embroidered Traditional Wedding Shawl Abochani: Sindh C19th" (https://hannahwhyman.co.uk/products/silk-embroidered-traditional-wedding-shawl-abochani-sind-c19th-1) . Hannah Whyman . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-110) "1364 Antique Sindh Odhana Abochani Shawl" (https://wovensouls.com/products/antique-sindh-textile-odhana-abochani-wedding-shawl) . wovensouls.com . Retrieved 2024-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-111) "Traditional weaving: Rain hampers last day of exhibition" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/97205/traditional-weaving-rain-hampers-last-day-of-exhibition) . The Express Tribune . 2010-12-31 . Retrieved 2024-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-112) "Hand Embroidered Mirror Work Sindhi Chadar/Shawl for Women" (https://sindhcrafts.com/product/sindhi-hand-embroidery-chadarshawl-24/) . Handicrafts of Pakistan . Retrieved 2024-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-113) Basic facts about Pakistan, Issue 5 (7Aar_bqYBA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20national%20dress%20punjabi%20suit&f=false Nelson,Lise . Seager,Joni (2008) A Companion to Feminist Geography (https://books.google.com/books?id=PvoMAQAAIAAJ&q=purely) ^ (#cite_ref-114) Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan (1968) (https://books.google.com/books?id=mII6AQAAIAAJ&q=kurta+) ^ (#cite_ref-115) Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India (2004) People of India, Volume 30, Part 2 [20] (https://books.google.com/books?id=6BQwAQAAIAAJ&q=punjabi+) ^ (#cite_ref-116) Prakash Bharadwaj. Sindhis Through the Ages: Far-East & South-East Asian countries [21] (https://books.google.com/books?id=-mbjAAAAMAAJ&q=sindh++suthan) ^ (#cite_ref-117) Ranjan, Aditi and Ranjan, M. P. (2009) Handmade in India: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Indian Handicrafts [22] (https://books.google.com/books?id=ixhJAQAAIAAJ&q=sindh++bandhani) ^ (#cite_ref-118) Pakistan Exports, Volume 28 (1977) (https://books.google.com/books?id=EjTVAAAAMAAJ&q=Rilli+Kurta) v t e Pakistani clothing Clothes Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Khetpartug (/wiki/Khetpartug) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Saraiki Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Saraiki_shalwar_suits) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Headgear Bughti (/wiki/Bughti) Khoyi (/w/index.php?title=Khoyi&action=edit&redlink=1) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Rumelli (/w/index.php?title=Rumelli&action=edit&redlink=1) Saaluk (/w/index.php?title=Saaluk&action=edit&redlink=1) Tuktay (/wiki/Tuktay) Dastar (Pagri) (/wiki/Turban) Shawls Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Sajarak (/wiki/Sajarak) Stitching and design Balochi needlework (/wiki/Balochi_needlework) Embroidery of Pakistan Footwear Multani Khussa (/wiki/Multani_Khussa) Peshawari Chappal (/wiki/Peshawari_Chappal) Quettani Norozi (/w/index.php?title=Quettani_Norozi&action=edit&redlink=1) Sindhi Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) By ethnicity Baloch (/wiki/Balochi_clothing) Gilgiti (/w/index.php?title=Gilgiti_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Pashtun (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_clothing) Sindhi NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐wg7rd Cached time: 20240712165342 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.871 seconds Real time usage: 1.101 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3944/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 120719/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 840/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 297182/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.490/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5838670/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 817.203 1 -total 51.59% 421.611 1 Template:Reflist 19.28% 157.528 19 Template:Citation 11.87% 97.039 28 Template:Cite_web 11.70% 95.648 1 Template:Sindhis 11.41% 93.256 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists 11.33% 92.579 23 Template:Cite_book 9.89% 80.800 1 Template:Short_description 6.46% 52.786 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 6.18% 50.535 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44457124-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712165342 and revision id 1232561204. 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Season of television series Project Runway All Stars Season 3 Hosted by Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) Judges Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) No. of tasks 10 No. of contestants 11 Winner Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) No. of episodes 10 Release Original network Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) Original release October 24, 2013 ( 2013-10-24 ) – January 9, 2014 ( 2014-01-09 ) Season chronology ← Previous All-Stars 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_2)) Next → All-Stars 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_4)) Project Runway All Stars (Season 3) is the third season of the Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) spin-off series Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) . It features 11 designers from previous seasons of the original series with Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) acting as the new host, taking over Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) 's role in season 2. [1] (#cite_note-1) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) and Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) returned as judges for this season. Zanna Roberts Rassi (/wiki/Zanna_Roberts_Rassi) replaced Joanna Coles (/wiki/Joanna_Coles) , mentoring contestants. The season premiered on Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) on October 24, 2013. [2] (#cite_note-2) Guest judges included Abigail Breslin (/wiki/Abigail_Breslin) , Kristin Chenoweth (/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth) , Gabourey Sidibe (/wiki/Gabourey_Sidibe) , Elisabeth Moss (/wiki/Elisabeth_Moss) , Nick Cannon (/wiki/Nick_Cannon) , Debbie Harry (/wiki/Debbie_Harry) , Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) , Gayle King (/wiki/Gayle_King) , Nate Berkus (/wiki/Nate_Berkus) , and Michael Urie (/wiki/Michael_Urie) . Original series judge Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) and newcomer judge Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , along with previous Runway winners Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) ( season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_4)) ) and Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) ( season 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_9)) ), as well as two All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) winners Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) and Anthony Ryan Auld appeared. Marge Simpson (/wiki/Marge_Simpson) also made a special appearance. Judges [ edit ] American model and actress Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) serves as the host as well as a judge. Designers Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) and Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) also judge the 11 returning designers which, for the first time, include winners of the original series as cast members. Contestants [ edit ] Contestant Hometown Original season(s) Original placement(s) Finish Outcome Ari South Honolulu, Hawaii (/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii) Season 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_8)) 3 Episode 1 11 Daniel Esquivel Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) Season 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_11)) 4 Episode 2 10 Melissa Fleis San Francisco, California (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) Season 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) 3 Episode 3 9 Mychael Knight (/wiki/Mychael_Knight) † Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) Season 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_3)) 4 Episode 5 8 Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Los Angeles, California Season 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_3)) 1 Episode 6 7 Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) New York, New York (/wiki/New_York,_New_York) Season 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_6)) 1 Episode 7 6 Viktor Luna New York, New York (/wiki/New_York,_New_York) Season 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_9)) 3 Episode 8 5 Christopher Palu Massapequa, New York (/wiki/Massapequa,_New_York) Season 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) 4 Episode 9 4 Elena Slivnyak (/wiki/Elena_Slivnyak) San Francisco, California Season 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) 6 Episode 10 3 Korto Momolu Little Rock, Arkansas (/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas) Season 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_5)) 2 2 Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Vancouver, Washington (/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington) Season 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_7)) 1 1 Models [ edit ] Raychael Arianna Jackson Noelle McKenzie Tatjana Sinkevica Kelly Brown Manon Krol Andrea "Shei" Phan Alice Contreiras Brianna "Nana" Flores Kelly Thomas Jenny Kafka Amy Row Designer Progress [ edit ] This table possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( October 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Designer Elimination Table Designers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Eliminated Episode Seth Aaron HIGH IN IN IN LOW LOW HIGH IN WIN WINNER 10 – Finale: Are U.N. or Are You Out? Korto IN IN LOW LOW IN HIGH WIN WIN LOW RUNNER-UP Elena WIN HIGH HIGH HIGH IN HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH 3RD PLACE Christopher IN IN HIGH WIN HIGH LOW HIGH LOW OUT 9 – Fashion Cents Viktor LOW IN WIN HIGH LOW IN LOW OUT 8 – Nina's Trending Irina IN HIGH IN IN HIGH WIN OUT 7 – As Sewn on TV Jeffrey HIGH LOW LOW LOW WIN OUT 6 – Marge Madness Mychael IN WIN IN LOW OUT 5 – Partners In Crime Melissa LOW LOW OUT 3 – Sip Into Something Sexier Daniel IN OUT 2 – Bitten by the Fashion Bug Ari OUT 1 – You Got Punked! The designer won Project Runway All Stars . The designer won the challenge. The designer came in second but did not win the challenge. The designer had one of the highest scores for the challenge but did not win. The designer had a low score, but was not in the bottom two. The designer was in the bottom two but was not eliminated. The designer lost the challenge and was eliminated from the competition. Rate The Runway Results [ edit ] Fan Vote Table Designer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seth Aaron HIGH IN IN IN HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH WIN WINNER Korto IN HIGH IN LOW WIN LOW LOW WIN LOW OUT Elena WIN IN HIGH IN IN HIGH LOW OUT OUT OUT Christopher IN IN WIN WIN LOW IN WIN HIGH HIGH Viktor LOW IN HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH OUT LOW Irina IN HIGH IN HIGH IN WIN HIGH Jeffrey HIGH LOW OUT LOW HIGH OUT Mychael IN WIN LOW LOW OUT Melissa LOW LOW LOW Daniel IN OUT Ari OUT Episodes [ edit ] Episode 1: You Got Punked! [ edit ] Original airdate : October 24, 2013 Fashion-forward punk looks are created in the Season 3 opener. Guest Judge: Debbie Harry (/wiki/Debbie_Harry) WINNER: Elena ELIMINATED: Ari Episode 2: Bitten by the Fashion Bug [ edit ] Original airdate : October 31, 2013 Arthropods inspire avant-garde fashions. Guest Judges: Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) & Jennifer Meyer (/wiki/Jennifer_Meyer) WINNER: Mychael ELIMINATED: Daniel Episode 3: Sip Into Something Sexier [ edit ] Original airdate : November 7, 2013 The designers have to create high-end cocktail dresses and seek their inspirations at Jay Z's 40/40 Club. Guest Judges: Nate Berkus (/wiki/Nate_Berkus) & Rebecca Minkoff WINNER: Viktor ELIMINATED: Melissa Episode 4: Keepin' It Classy [ edit ] Original airdate : November 14, 2013 The designers have to create a high impact fashion look from unconventional material found in an elementary school. Guest Judges: Michael Urie (/wiki/Michael_Urie) & Gabourey Sidibe (/wiki/Gabourey_Sidibe) WINNER: Christopher ELIMINATED: None Episode 5: Partners In Crime [ edit ] Original airdate : November 21, 2013 Working in teams of two the designers have to create young modern looks inspired by Lifetime's new series Bonnie & Clyde of '30s. Guest Judges: Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) & Elie Tahari (/wiki/Elie_Tahari) & Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) (sitting in for Georgina Chapman ) WINNER: Jeffrey ELIMINATED: Mychael Episode 6: Marge Madness [ edit ] Original airdate : December 5, 2013 On November 28, 2013 no episode was aired due to Thanksgiving (/wiki/Thanksgiving) in the United States. Marge Simpson from The Simpsons asks the Allstar Designers to design an exciting night dress for a date with Homer. Guest Judges: Anthony Ryan Auld (sitting in for Georgina Chapman )& Stacey Bendet (/wiki/Stacey_Bendet) & Abigail Breslin (/wiki/Abigail_Breslin) WINNER: Irina ELIMINATED: Jeffrey Episode 7: As Sewn On T.V. [ edit ] Original airdate : December 12, 2013 Only six designers remain. At headquarter of QVC they are asked to design a red carpet dress. Guest Judges: Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) (sitting in for Georgina Chapman ) & QVC® Program Host Lisa Robertson & Elisabeth Moss (/wiki/Elisabeth_Moss) WINNER: Korto ELIMINATED: Irina Episode 8: Nina's Trending [ edit ] Original airdate : December 19, 2013 The remaining designers meet with fashion bloggers to discuss 2014 trends. Guest Judges: Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) & Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) (sitting in for Georgina Chapman ) & Francisco Costa (/wiki/Francisco_Costa_(designer)) WINNER: Korto ELIMINATED: Viktor Episode 9: Fashion Cents [ edit ] Original airdate : January 2, 2014 The remaining four designers have to create a ready to wear look in order to make it to the finale. Guest Judges: Michelle Smith & Nick Cannon (/wiki/Nick_Cannon) & Kristin Chenoweth (/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth) WINNER: Seth Aaron ELIMINATED: Christopher Episode 10: Finale: Are U.N. or Are You Out? [ edit ] Original airdate : January 9, 2014 In the Season 3 finale, the designers showcase their collections at a VIP runway show at the United Nations Headquarters, after which the winner is revealed. Guest Judges: Gayle King (/wiki/Gayle_King) & Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) WINNER: Seth Aaron ELIMINATED: Korto & Elena References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nordyke, Kimberly (June 3, 2013). " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/project-runway-alyssa-milano-host-561659/) 'Project Runway All Stars': Alyssa Milano to Host Third Season (Exclusive)" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/project-runway-alyssa-milano-host-561659/) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Klompus, Jack (September 6, 2013). "Project Runway All Stars details season 3" (http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a513094/project-runway-all-stars-marge-simpson-to-guest-premiere-details/) . Digital Spy . v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_19) 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_20) All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) 3 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Junior (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior_season_2) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Project_Runway_contestants) Winners Original Jay McCarroll (/wiki/Jay_McCarroll) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) * Leanne Marshall (/wiki/Leanne_Marshall) Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) * Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Michelle Lesniak Dom Streater Sean Kelly Ashley Nell Tipton Erin Robertson Kentaro Kameyama Sebastian Grey Geoffrey Mac (/wiki/Geoffrey_Mac) Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Bishme Cromartie All Stars Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) * Anthony Ryan Auld Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Dom Streater Anthony Williams Michelle Lesniak Junior Maya Chelsea Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) * Bradon McDonald (/wiki/Bradon_McDonald) Candice Cuoco (/wiki/Candice_Cuoco) Carol Hannah Whitfield (/wiki/Carol_Hannah_Whitfield) Chris March (/wiki/Chris_March) Christopher Straub (/wiki/Christopher_Straub) * Daniel Franco (/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(designer)) Daniel Vosovic (/wiki/Daniel_Vosovic) * Dexter Simmons (/wiki/Dexter_Simmons) Diana Eng (/wiki/Diana_Eng) Elena Slivnyak (/wiki/Elena_Slivnyak) * Elisa Jimenez (/wiki/Elisa_Jimenez) Emilio Sosa (/wiki/Emilio_Sosa) Garo Sparo (/wiki/Garo_Sparo) Jack Mackenroth (/wiki/Jack_Mackenroth) Kara Janx (/wiki/Kara_Janx) Kayne Gillaspie (/wiki/Kayne_Gillaspie) Keith Michael (/wiki/Keith_Michael) Kelli Martin (/wiki/Kelli_Martin) Kevin Johnn (/wiki/Kevin_Johnn) Korto Momolu (/wiki/Korto_Momolu) Laura Bennett (/wiki/Laura_Bennett) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) Michael Costello (/wiki/Michael_Costello_(fashion_designer)) Mila Hermanovski (/wiki/Mila_Hermanovski) Mychael Knight (/wiki/Mychael_Knight) * Nick Verreos (/wiki/Nick_Verreos) Nicolas Putvinski (/wiki/Nicolas_Putvinski) Santino Rice (/wiki/Santino_Rice) Stephen "Suede" Baum (/wiki/Stephen_%22Suede%22_Baum) Steven Rosengard (/wiki/Steven_Rosengard) Uli Herzner (/wiki/Uli_Herzner) Wendy Pepper (/wiki/Wendy_Pepper) International (/wiki/Project_Runway_(franchise)) Project Runway Algeria (/wiki/Project_Runway_El_Djazair) Designerspirene (/wiki/Designerspirene) Muodin huipulle (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle) 1 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle_season_2) Project Catwalk (Netherlands) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_(Dutch_TV_series)) Project Catwalk (UK) (/wiki/Project_Catwalk) 1 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Catwalk_series_3) Projeto Fashion (Brazil) (/wiki/Projeto_Fashion) Project Runway Australia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_season_4) Project Runway Arab World (/wiki/Project_Runway_(Middle_East)) Project Runway Canada (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada_season_2) Project Runway Israel (/wiki/Project_Runway_Israel) Project Runway Korea (/wiki/Project_Runway_Korea) Project Runway Latin America (/wiki/Project_Runway_Latin_America) Project Runway Malaysia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Malaysia) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Malaysia_season_1) Project Runway New Zealand (/wiki/Project_Runway_New_Zealand) Project Runway Philippines (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_season_4) Project Runway Poland (/wiki/Project_Runway_Poland) Projecto Moda (Portugal) (/wiki/Projecto_Moda) Project Runway Thailand (/w/index.php?title=Project_Runway_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1) Project Runway Vietnam (/wiki/Project_Runway_Vietnam) Spin-offs Project Runway: Fashion Startup (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Fashion_Startup) Models of the Runway (/wiki/Models_of_the_Runway) On the Road with Austin & Santino (/wiki/On_the_Road_with_Austin_%26_Santino) Project Accessory (/wiki/Project_Accessory) Project Runway: Threads (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Threads) Tim Gunn's Guide to Style (/wiki/Tim_Gunn%27s_Guide_to_Style) Under the Gunn (/wiki/Under_the_Gunn) Starring Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Rachel Roy (/wiki/Rachel_Roy) Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) Elaine Welteroth (/wiki/Elaine_Welteroth) Italics indicate All Star contestants * Asterisk indicate Fan Favorite-voted contestants on their season NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hpwhh Cached time: 20240712191251 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.445 seconds Real time usage: 0.628 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2116/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63436/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3436/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24419/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.262/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5559257/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 499.283 1 -total 43.98% 219.588 1 Template:Infobox_television_season 41.40% 206.700 2 Template:Infobox 19.49% 97.291 1 Template:Reflist 18.71% 93.435 4 Template:Navbox 18.05% 90.145 1 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Costume shop at the Metropolitan Opera (/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera) A costume shop is a space where costumes (/wiki/Costume) for theatrical (/wiki/Theatrical_production) or film productions (/wiki/Film_production) are designed (/wiki/Costume_design) , built, and stored for the company or production. Costume designers, builders, seamstresses, and stitchers work in costume shops. The shops themselves can vary in size, from one large room to a house with multiple floors. Costumes from past productions, fabric, jewelry and accessories are often stored in the shop. Purpose [ edit ] A costume shop is where the costumes worn on stage for a production are built. Some costume shops have washers for cleaning costumes, fitting rooms, racks for storage or spaces for designers to conceptualize a costume. Some shops allow rentals of their costumes. [1] (#cite_note-1) However, the most common and primary purpose for a costume shop is for building and finishing pieces that go onstage. [2] (#cite_note-2) There is no standard layout for costume shops, though most have stations for stitching or surging, cutting tables, fabric storage, and finishing tables. A large an expansive costume shop style helps work to enable productions to be mounted lavishly and permit study and experimentation at the same time. [3] (#cite_note-3) The process of building a costume requires many steps and stations, which the costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) first conceptualizes. [4] (#cite_note-4) But before building can begin, the designer must choose where the costumes will come from. Costume storage at the Radio City Music Hall Once the show is designed, pieces can come from a multitude of places, but there are commonly four options: [5] (#cite_note-5) Rented, either from other theatres, businesses, or individuals Pulled, which refers to searching through a costume shops stock. That is, "pulling" from the rack of stored costumes. Constructed, ones that the designer and costume shop create themselves. Shopped, items that can be purchased from outside sources. The costume shop will search, place orders, create, organize, and dole out the costumes for each production and each character in the manner that best fits the costume and production itself. For instance, not every shoe is cobbled in the shop, or "in house"; some are bought and some are borrowed. [6] (#cite_note-6) Jobs within [ edit ] Within a costume shop, there are people working on different parts of the creative or accumulative process. The size of the theatre or company will determine whether each job goes to one person, if a group of individuals share more than one job, or if everyone pitches in on everything. [7] (#cite_note-7) Costume designer [ edit ] The costume designer is an integral part of the production's creative team. They work closely with the director to develop a look for the actors onstage that best serves the plot of the play and concept the director has envisioned. "The Costume Designer seeks inspiration from many sources, including interviews with the actors who will play the characters, and extensive historical and visual research." [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Whether the costume designer is a permanent position or a by-production hire will determine whether they are considered the head of the costume department or shop Assistant designer [ edit ] The assistant designer helps the head designer with the jobs that must be completed. This includes but is not limited to research, shopping, rental acquisition and fittings for actors. Cutter/draper [ edit ] The cutter/draper is responsible for making patterns, cutting, fitting and construction of costumes from specific designs or sketches supplied by the designer. "The Cutter may assist in selecting materials and supervising the costume construction." [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In most shops there are multiple cutters and drapers to ease and spread out work load. Costume coordinator/supervisor/shop manager [ edit ] A shop manager is responsible for daily goings on in the shop, much like a manager in a building or restaurant. They deal with the costume budget from the producers, manufacturing and purchasing, as well as work and costume building schedules and production crew requirements. Stitcher (sewer, seamstress, costume builder) [ edit ] A stitcher works on the actual construction of the costumes. The stitcher will sometimes assist during fittings to help with pinning and alterations. This is the entry-level position in a costume shop and often the most common job that is open in a space. A stitcher will help pick up wherever needed, often stretching out from fittings, pinning, and alteration, to textiles, dye working and errands. See also [ edit ] Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Costume coordination (/wiki/Costume_coordination) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Costume Shop" (https://ourtowntheatreblog.wordpress.com/costume-shop/) . Our Town Theatre . 2016-04-14 . Retrieved 2019-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Costume Shop" (https://www.memphis.edu/) . The University of Memphis . Retrieved 2019-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Clark, John. “Creative Arts School in a Liberal Arts College: The Drama Program at San Francisco State College.” Educational Theatre Journal , vol. 18, no. 2, 1966, pp. 108–109. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3205299 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3205299) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Covey, Ingham, Liz, Rosemary (1992). The Costume Designer's Handbook . Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. pp. 15–100. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brockett, Hildy, Oscar G., Franklin J. (2007). History of the Theatre . USA: Pearson Education Inc. p. 211. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-205-47360-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-205-47360-1) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Costume Designer Guidelines - Department Handbook - Ithaca College" (https://www.ithaca.edu/hs/depts/theatre/handbook/crewheads/costumedesigner/) . www.ithaca.edu . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Home" (https://www.costumers.org/) . www.costumers.org . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Costume Department Job Descriptions" (https://dontshootthecostumer.wordpress.com/costume-department-job-descriptions/) . Don't Shoot the Costumer . 2013-02-23 . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . External links [ edit ] CWB Design Shopfitting (https://www.cwbdesignshopfitting.com.au/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐69b5d574d7‐xjnzf Cached time: 20240717084811 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.145 seconds Real time usage: 0.443 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 469/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7015/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 151/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21115/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.080/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3023805/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 148.391 1 -total 72.03% 106.880 5 Template:Cite_web 26.24% 38.941 1 Template:ISBN 18.30% 27.154 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 2.54% 3.769 3 Template:Yesno-no 1.71% 2.535 4 Template:Yesno 1.36% 2.018 1 Template:JSTOR 1.09% 1.623 1 Template:Main_other 0.97% 1.445 1 Template:Yesno-yes Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59666607-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717084811 and revision id 1113066545. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Costume_shop&oldid=1113066545 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Costume_shop&oldid=1113066545) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Theatre (/wiki/Category:Theatre) Costumes (/wiki/Category:Costumes)
Old kind of female undergarments This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Open_drawers) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Open_drawers) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_drawers&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains too many or overly lengthy quotations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations) . 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Find sources: "Open drawers" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Open+drawers%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Open+drawers%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Open+drawers%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Open+drawers%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Open+drawers%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Open+drawers%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Open drawers Open drawers. Type Underwear Open drawers are undergarments (/wiki/Undergarment) where the backs and front of the legs (/wiki/Leg) are not joined together; they were split in the middle to make it easier to urinate. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As chemises decreased in length, open drawers stopped being used. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In the late 19th century, there was debate about women wearing open or closed drawers. Description [ edit ] Open drawers Open drawers. Open drawers. Open drawers are undergarments (/wiki/Undergarment) where the backs and front of the legs (/wiki/Leg) are not joined together, being split in the middle to make it easier to urinate. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Usage [ edit ] In 1894, Elizabeth Rosevear wrote: [3] (#cite_note-3) Open Drawers. -- Girls (/wiki/Girl) generally begin to wear open drawers when they are about nine or ten years old. Open drawers are not cut down at the hips (/wiki/Hip) , and the band is made all in one piece of the material. The backs and fronts of the legs are not joined together, but hemmed separately, or lined with false hems (/wiki/Hem) . The fronts, in children's sizes, are seamed together for about 2 inches, in women's sizes a little more. A button (/wiki/Button) and buttonhole (/wiki/Buttonhole) are placed at the ends of the bands, or two tape strings. The legs may be constructed as for closed drawers, i.e. as knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) with bands, or they may be made up with a deep hem, and narrow tucks above. The drawers are gathered or pleated into the bands at the waist and legs. Women's drawers are very seldom made up as closed, but nearly always as open. As chemises decreased in length, open drawers stopped being used. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Controversy [ edit ] In the late 19th century, there was discussion over whether or not women should wear open drawers. Dr. E. R. Palmer wrote against their use: [4] (#cite_note-4) I saw in a paper the other day that ladies in a Canadian (/wiki/Canada) city had a grand convention (/wiki/Convention_(meeting)) , and had celebrated their magnificent resolve by building in a public square a bonfire (/wiki/Bonfire) , being fed by the corsets (/wiki/Corset) they had been wearing. It was a revival of the old tirade against the corset. I have not forgotten what Thomas said, that women should burn their open drawers instead of their corsets. The idea of a beautifully dressed woman with trail sweeping the streets! The idea of that mode of dress being countenanced by the profession! While the profession are warring against corsets, is it not ridiculous, not to say criminal (/wiki/Crime) , for us to take the position that the corset is harmful and the open drawers is not? The knights (/wiki/Knight) of old used to protect the genital organs (/wiki/Sex_organ) of their wives from receiving germs during the day when they had gone to business. If it is gonorrhea (/wiki/Gonorrhea) , it is due to external infection (/wiki/Infection) , and I hold that infection takes place as frequently in this as in any other way on account of the delicate organ being unprotected. Conversely, E. R. Shepherd wrote in favor of the open drawers: [5] (#cite_note-5) Many physicians (/wiki/Physician) oppose the wearing of closed drawers by women. In bad cases of leucorrhoea (/wiki/Leukorrhea) the odor (/wiki/Odor) arising from the discharged confined from the air in this way becomes extremely offensive to the patient at least, and may extend beyond the confines of the dress, and when she comes near the stove (/wiki/Stove) or register, if at no other time, to be detected by the bystanders. A free circulation of air by open drawers is wholesome to the parts, as well as a deodorizer. It is well enough for little girls, and even advisable for them to wear tight drawers, but it is probably best for young ladies and women to wear them open. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Canter Cremers-van der Does, Eline (1980). The agony of fashion . p. 90. open drawers, split in the middle in order to enable, for example, the peasant in the field to urinate ^ Jump up to: a b Carter, Alison J (1992). Underwear, the fashion history . p. 87. By 1900, the chemise was at calf- rather than knee length as previously; by 1914, it was well above the knee, revealing the drawers. There seems to have been a relationship between the length of the chemise and the height of the opening in open drawers; when this closed the chemise did not need to be so long ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rosevear, Elizabeth (1894). "A manual of needlework, knitting and cutting out for evening continuation by" (https://archive.org/details/manualofneedlewo00rose) . p. 62. ^ (#cite_ref-4) The American practitioner, Volumes 13-14 (1892) [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=X4BYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA335) , p. 335, at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) pg 335-336. Dr. E. R. Palmer. Article: Kentucky State Medical Society. Stated Meeting, Louisville, May 4, 5, and 6, 1892 ^ (#cite_ref-5) For girls: a special physiology : being a supplement to the study of general physiology. E. R. Shepherd. [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=Up0MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA145) , p. 145, at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) 1882, pg 145 v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) 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(/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm 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Sustainable and fair trade certified denim brand based in The Netherlands Not to be confused with Mudd Jeans (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) . This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MUD_Jeans&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) MUD Jeans Established 2012 Founder Bert van Son Type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Headquarters Laren (/wiki/Laren,_North_Holland) , The Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Products Denim apparel Website mudjeans.eu (https://www.mudjeans.eu/) MUD Jeans is a denim brand based in the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) that specializes in sustainable denim products. [1] (#cite_note-1) The company is a certified B-Corporation and adheres to the principles of the circular economy (/wiki/Circular_economy) . It is achieved by using up to 40% post-consumer recycled (/wiki/Recycled) content in its jeans, with the material sourced from discarded denim. [2] (#cite_note-2) This discarded denim also comes from MUD Jeans customers, who can send their old jeans to the brand for free. In addition to regular purchasing, customers can also lease their jeans for a monthly fee, over a one-year period. After one year, customers can either keep their jeans, switch them for a new pair at a 10% monthly discount or return them for recycling or upcycling (/wiki/Upcycling) . MUD Jeans uses specific production methods to reduce the environmental impact of the production of their jeans. Through reverse osmosis, their jeans manufacturing partner recycles 95% of the water used during production. Through the dry indigo method, their fabric manufacturing partner replaces traditional dyeing methods, which typically involves multiple dyeing baths, with a high pressure and dyeing foam application. To measure the exact environmental impact of their jeans, MUD Jeans carries out an annual Life-cycle assessment on each of their products. Through this, they communicate the water and CO 2 impact of their products on their website. This concept, known as Lease A Jeans, was launched in 2013 and includes free repair services. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] The company was re-launched by Bert van Son after acquiring the brand in 2012. [4] (#cite_note-4) Bert van Son had a new vision for the company and decided to invest in MUD Jeans. [5] (#cite_note-5) From May 2016 to August 2018, MUD Jeans was headquartered in Almere, The Netherlands (/wiki/Almere) . In September 2018, the company relocated to Laren, Netherlands at the Groene Afslag. [6] (#cite_note-6) Lease A Jeans [ edit ] The 'Lease A Jeans' concept was launched in 2013. [7] (#cite_note-7) With this concept, MUD Jeans follows a circular economy where the consumer moves from owing to using. The concept also promotes the return of the jeans, which will stimulate the recycling process. [8] (#cite_note-8) The consumer can lease a pair of jeans for a period of one year. In the eleventh month of the consumer's lease contract, the consumer is given three choices concerning the jeans: [9] (#cite_note-9) Switch the current jeans for another pair and continue leasing the new pair of jeans at a 10% monthly discount. The old pair will be recycled or sold as vintage, depending on the condition of the jeans. Return the jeans without receiving a new pair. The old pair will be recycled or sold as vintage, depending on the condition of the jeans. Keep the jeans. After the 12 months of monthly payments, the consumer has paid off the amount of the jeans and are now the owner. When old jeans are returned to the company, a quality check is carried out to determine whether they can be reused through the brand's vintage program or if they should be recycled. [10] (#cite_note-10) Once jeans are returned to be recycled, the jeans are sent back to the recycling factory Recover in Valencia (/wiki/Valencia) , Spain, where the recycling process takes place. The denim fibres are reused in new jeans. [11] (#cite_note-11) Anyone can return (non-)MUD Jeans so that they can be recycled. The Road to 100 [ edit ] MUD Jeans’ Road to 100 project, which began in 2019, aimed to create the world's first pair of jeans made from 100% post-consumer recycled cotton. To achieve this, they combined the typical textile recycling method of mechanical recycling with a newer method of chemical recycling. Through mechanical recycling, textiles are cut into smaller pieces and shredded, which makes the original cotton fibres shorter. Due to this, there is a limit to how much mechanically recycled fibres can be used in jeans without compromising durability. Through chemical recycling, cotton fibres can be significantly longer. By combining these two methods, MUD Jeans achieved their goal in early 2022 and shared a documentary series on the project. The project was carried out in collaboration with Saxion University of Applied Sciences and was funded by Tech for Future. The main contributor of mechanically recycled fibres was Recover. Recognitions [ edit ] Among other awards, MUD Jeans was recognised with the Koning Willem I-prijs (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koning_Willem_I-prijs) for sustainable entrepreneurship in 2022. This prize was awarded by Queen Máxima of the Netherlands, in the name of the Koning Willem I Stichting and De Nederlandsche Bank. MUD Jeans was also recognised as “Best for the World” in the environment category of the B Lab assessment. This means that, across all certified B Corporations, MUD Jeans’ environment score was among the global top 5%. Partnerships [ edit ] Van Gogh Museum [ edit ] In 2022, the brand partnered up with the Van Gogh Museum, based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Together they created a capsule collection, inspired by the artist Vincent van Gogh. The items have lasered details such as the handwriting and sentences from Van Gogh's letters and embroidered back prints of Van Gogh's art pieces Almond Blossom and Self-portrait with grey felt hat. [12] (#cite_note-12) The denim clothing pieces consist of 30% hemp, 20% post-consumer recycled denim and 50% organic cotton. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blomquist, Christopher (2022-09-01). "Mud Jeans Goes Van Gogh" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-brands/mud-jeans-van-gogh-museum-amsterdam-self-portrait-with-gray-felt-hat-368157/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 2022-09-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Pioneering a lease model for organic cotton jeans" (https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/case-studies/pioneering-a-lease-model-for-organic-cotton-jeans) . www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org . Retrieved 2020-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sustainable Brands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170510104207/http://events.sustainablebrands.com/sb16syd/2015/09/08/mud-jeans/) . events.sustainablebrands.com . Archived from the original (http://events.sustainablebrands.com/sb16syd/2015/09/08/mud-jeans/) on 2017-05-10 . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Bert van Son « sb16syd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161007192312/http://events.sustainablebrands.com/sb16syd/speakers/bert-van-son/) . events.sustainablebrands.com . Archived from the original (http://events.sustainablebrands.com/sb16syd/speakers/bert-van-son/) on 2016-10-07 . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Article \| Het Financieele Dagblad" (http://fd.nl/Print/Bijlage/FD_Uitzicht/1095762/consumenten-willen-niet-groen-kopen-die-willen-gewoon-een-gaaf-merk) . fd.nl . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Welcome to the MUDquarters" (https://mudjeans.eu/blog-welcome-to-the-mudquarters/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Mud Jeans - Lease je spijkerbroek" (http://mvonederland.nl/praktijkvoorbeeld/mud-jeans-lease-je-spijkerbroek) . Retrieved 2016-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Case Studies - MUD Jeans" (https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/case-studies/pioneering-a-lease-model-for-organic-cotton-jeans) . Ellen MacArthur Foundation . Retrieved 2016-08-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Vaughn, Jessica (2014-07-10). "Five new ways the circular economy can build brand experience" (https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/five-ways-circular-economy-brand-experience) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2016-08-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "MUD jeans: circular denims (almost) never die \| European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform" (https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/good-practices/mud-jeans-circular-denims-almost-never-die) . circulareconomy.europa.eu . Retrieved 2020-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Sweater by Mud Jeans UK & USA - A Better Place Journal" (http://www.abetterplacejournal.com/product/sweater-by-mud-jeans/) . Retrieved 2016-08-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Blomquist, Christopher (2022-09-01). "Mud Jeans Goes Van Gogh" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-brands/mud-jeans-van-gogh-museum-amsterdam-self-portrait-with-gray-felt-hat-368157/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 2023-04-20 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://mudjeans.eu/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐n2csd Cached time: 20240714091858 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.405 seconds Real time usage: 0.628 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1605/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28187/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1100/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47144/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5357758/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 569.143 1 -total 47.88% 272.489 1 Template:Reflist 42.57% 242.309 11 Template:Cite_web 17.53% 99.762 1 Template:Infobox_organization 16.01% 91.097 1 Template:Infobox 14.75% 83.949 1 Template:Short_description 12.65% 71.997 1 Template:Advert 11.65% 66.319 1 Template:Ambox 7.67% 43.661 2 Template:Pagetype 5.64% 32.105 1 Template:Distinguish Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51283578-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714091858 and revision id 1188172940. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MUD_Jeans&oldid=1188172940 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MUD_Jeans&oldid=1188172940) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies established in 2012 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2012) Clothing companies of the Netherlands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_the_Netherlands) Fair trade brands (/wiki/Category:Fair_trade_brands) Jeans by brand (/wiki/Category:Jeans_by_brand) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with a promotional tone from February 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_February_2017) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone)
This is a list of notable (/wiki/Notability_in_Wikipedia) jewelry designers (/wiki/Jewelry_design) . Argentina [ edit ] Ricardo Basta (/wiki/Ricardo_Basta) Australia [ edit ] Joanna Angelett (/wiki/Joanna_Angelett) Wilfrid Nelson Isaac (/wiki/Wilfrid_Nelson_Isaac) Alice Elsie Reeve (/wiki/Alice_Elsie_Reeve) Austria [ edit ] Ingo Appelt (/wiki/Ingo_Appelt) Elena Kriegner (/wiki/Elena_Kriegner) Nettie Rosenstein (/wiki/Nettie_Rosenstein) Daniel Swarovski (/wiki/Daniel_Swarovski) Belgium [ edit ] Lodewyk van Bercken (/wiki/Lodewyk_van_Bercken) Larisa Popova (/wiki/Larisa_Popova_(gemologist)) Brazil [ edit ] Kim Poor (/wiki/Kim_Poor) Fernando Jorge (/wiki/Fernando_Jorge_(designer)) Canada [ edit ] Lois Betteridge (/wiki/Lois_Betteridge) H.V. Dalling (/wiki/H.V._Dalling) Charles Edenshaw (/wiki/Charles_Edenshaw) David Neel (/wiki/David_Neel) Bill Reid (/wiki/Bill_Reid) Tobi Wong (/wiki/Tobi_Wong) Dean Davidson (/wiki/Dean_Davidson) Czech Republic [ edit ] George Brooks (/wiki/George_Brooks_(jeweler)) Julie Wimmer (/wiki/Julie_Wimmer) Denmark [ edit ] Joachim Matthias Wendt (/wiki/J._M._Wendt) Dominican Republic [ edit ] Jenny Polanco (/wiki/Jenny_Polanco) [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Estonia [ edit ] Kadri Mälk (/wiki/Kadri_M%C3%A4lk) France [ edit ] Louis Aucoc (/wiki/Louis_Aucoc) Dominique Aurientis (/wiki/Dominique_Aurientis) Guy Bedarida (/wiki/Guy_Bedarida) Suzanne Belperron (/wiki/Suzanne_Belperron) Marcel Boucher (/wiki/Marcel_Boucher) Frédéric Boucheron (/wiki/Boucheron) Jacques-Théodule Cartier (/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_(jeweler)) Pierre C. Cartier (/wiki/Pierre_C._Cartier) Dolly Cohen (/wiki/Dolly_Cohen) Jean-Baptiste Fossin (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Fossin) James de Givenchy (/wiki/James_de_Givenchy) Robert Goossens (/wiki/Robert_Goossens) Jade Jagger (/wiki/Jade_Jagger) René Sim Lacaze (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Sim_Lacaze) René Lalique (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique) Jean Mayeur (/wiki/Jean_Mayeur) Robert Mazlo (/wiki/Robert_Mazlo) Jean-Valentin Morel (/wiki/Jean-Valentin_Morel) Alexandra Nereïev (/wiki/Alexandra_Nere%C3%AFev) Marie-Etienne Nitot (/wiki/Marie-Etienne_Nitot) Sebastien Parfait (/wiki/Sebastien_Parfait) Paloma Picasso (/wiki/Paloma_Picasso) Jacques von Polier (/wiki/Jacques_von_Polier) Alexandre Reza (/wiki/Alexandre_Reza) Fred Samuel (/wiki/Fred_Joaillier) Jean Schlumberger (/wiki/Jean_Schlumberger_(jewelry_designer)) Lea Stein (/wiki/Lea_Stein) Pierre Sterlé (/wiki/Pierre_Sterl%C3%A9) Philippe Van Dievoet dit Vandive (/wiki/Philippe_Van_Dievoet) Germany [ edit ] Jakob Bengel (/wiki/Jakob_Bengel) Gregor Clemens (/wiki/Gregor_Clemens) Carl Dau (/wiki/Carl_Dau) Joachim Grallert (/wiki/Joachim_Grallert) Heidrun Mohr-Mayer (/wiki/Heidrun_Mohr-Mayer) Anni Schaad (/wiki/Anni_Schaad) Julius Ludwig Schomburgk (/wiki/J._M._Wendt) Georg Friedrich Strass (/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Strass) Ferdinand Anton Nicolaus Teutenberg (/wiki/Ferdinand_Anton_Nicolaus_Teutenberg) Lilian von Trapp (/wiki/Lilian_von_Trapp) Greece [ edit ] Ilias Lalaounis (/wiki/Ilias_Lalaounis) Elena Votsi (/wiki/Elena_Votsi) Sotirios Voulgaris (/wiki/Bulgari) Guyana [ edit ] Vannetta Seecharran (/wiki/Vannetta_Seecharran) Hong Kong [ edit ] Wallace Chan (/wiki/Wallace_Chan) Hungary [ edit ] Zoltan David (/wiki/Zoltan_David) India [ edit ] Tarun Jain (/wiki/Tarun_Jain) Waris Ahluwalia (/wiki/Waris_Ahluwalia) Farah Khan Ali (/wiki/Farah_Khan_Ali) Khailshanker Durlabhji (/wiki/Khailshanker_Durlabhji) Shantidas Jhaveri (/wiki/Shantidas_Jhaveri) Neelam Kothari (/wiki/Neelam_Kothari) Nayna Mehta (/wiki/Nayna_Mehta) Sudha Pennathur (/wiki/Sudha_Pennathur) Suhani Pittie (/wiki/Suhani_Pittie) Ambaji Shinde (/wiki/Ambaji_Shinde) Mahima Verma (/w/index.php?title=Mahima_Verma&action=edit&redlink=1) Ireland [ edit ] Slim Barrett (/wiki/Slim_Barrett) Melissa Curry (/wiki/Melissa_Curry) Israel [ edit ] Dorrit Moussaieff (/wiki/Dorrit_Moussaieff) Italy [ edit ] Loris Abate (/wiki/Loris_Abate) Akelo (Andrea Cagnetti) (/wiki/Akelo) Carolina Bucci (/wiki/Carolina_Bucci) Gianni Bulgari (/wiki/Gianni_Bulgari) Fortunato Pio Castellani (/wiki/Fortunato_Pio_Castellani) Benvenuto Cellini (/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini) Ugo Correani (/wiki/Ugo_Correani) Enrico and Damiano Damiani (/wiki/Damiani_(jewelry_company)) Carlo Giuliano (/wiki/Carlo_Giuliano) Andrew Grima (/wiki/Andrew_Grima) Allessandro Masnago (/wiki/Allessandro_Masnago) Roberto Faraone Mennella (/wiki/Roberto_Faraone_Mennella) Giovanni Sebastiano Meyandi (/wiki/Giovanni_Sebastiano_Meyandi) Elsa Peretti (/wiki/Elsa_Peretti) Luciana Pignatelli (/wiki/Luciana_Pignatelli) Giò Pomodoro (/wiki/Gi%C3%B2_Pomodoro) Ippolita Rostagno (/wiki/Ippolita_Rostagno) Fulco di Verdura (/wiki/Fulco_di_Verdura) Japan [ edit ] Yasuki Hiramatsu (/wiki/Yasuki_Hiramatsu) Kimiko Kasai (/wiki/Kimiko_Kasai) Akiko Kawarai (/wiki/Akiko_Kawarai) Mikimoto Kōkichi (/wiki/Mikimoto_K%C5%8Dkichi) Lebanon [ edit ] Dina Azar (/wiki/Dina_Azar) Selim Mouzannar (/wiki/Selim_Mouzannar) Tabbah (/wiki/Tabbah) Netherlands [ edit ] Gijs Bakker (/wiki/Gijs_Bakker) Bert Nienhuis (/wiki/Bert_Nienhuis) Ted Noten (/wiki/Ted_Noten) Marly van der Velden (/wiki/Marly_van_der_Velden) Norway [ edit ] Celine Engelstad (/wiki/Celine_Engelstad) Pakistan [ edit ] Tapu Javeri (/wiki/Tapu_Javeri) Romania [ edit ] Daniel Stoenescu (/wiki/Cadoro) Russia [ edit ] Dmitriy Bellman (/wiki/Dmitriy_Bellman) Carl Edvard Bolin (/wiki/House_of_Bolin) Erté (/wiki/Ert%C3%A9) Gustav Fabergé (/wiki/Gustav_Faberg%C3%A9) Peter Carl Fabergé (/wiki/Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9) Joseph Marchak (/wiki/Marchak) Spain [ edit ] Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) South Africa [ edit ] Anna Rosholt Jewellery [2] (#cite_note-2) Sweden [ edit ] Efva Attling (/wiki/Efva_Attling) Arne Blomberg (/wiki/Arne_Blomberg) Carolina Gynning (/wiki/Carolina_Gynning) Vivianna Torun Bülow-Hübe (/wiki/Vivianna_Torun_B%C3%BClow-H%C3%BCbe) Switzerland [ edit ] Kurt Aepli (/wiki/Kurt_Aepli) Gilbert Albert (/wiki/Gilbert_Albert) Jean Jahnsson (/wiki/Jean_Jahnsson) Taiwan [ edit ] Cindy Chao (/wiki/Cindy_Chao) Onch Movement (/wiki/Onch_Movement) Turkey [ edit ] Ukraine [ edit ] Natasha Zinko (/wiki/Natasha_Zinko) United Kingdom [ edit ] Joanna Angelett (/wiki/Joanna_Angelett) Kali Arulpragasam (/wiki/Kali_Arulpragasam) Bec Astley Clarke (/wiki/Astley_Clarke) Solange Azagury-Partridge (/wiki/Solange_Azagury-Partridge) Tom Binns (/wiki/Tom_Binns_Design) Judy Blame (/wiki/Judy_Blame) Robert Brandon (/wiki/Robert_Brandon) John Brogden (/wiki/John_Brogden_(jeweller)) Jocelyn Burton (/wiki/Jocelyn_Burton) John Paul Cooper (/wiki/John_Paul_Cooper) David Stewart Dawson (/wiki/David_Stewart_Dawson) Nelson Dawson (/wiki/Nelson_Dawson) Monty Don (/wiki/Monty_Don) John Donald (/wiki/John_Donald_(jewellery_designer)) Samuel Henry Drew (/wiki/Samuel_Henry_Drew) Annoushka Ducas (/wiki/Annoushka_Ducas) Theo Fabergé (/wiki/Theo_Faberg%C3%A9) Theo Fennell (/wiki/Theo_Fennell) John Francillon (/wiki/John_Francillon) Elizabeth Gage (/wiki/Elizabeth_Gage) Arthur Gaskin (/wiki/Arthur_Gaskin) Georgie Gaskin (/wiki/Georgie_Gaskin) Sabine Getty (/wiki/Sabine_Getty) Ola Gorie (/wiki/Ola_Gorie) Laurence Graff (/wiki/Laurence_Graff) John Greed (/wiki/John_Greed) Andrew Grima (/wiki/Andrew_Grima) John Hardy (/wiki/John_Hardy_(jewelry)) Sophie Harley (/wiki/Sophie_Harley) George Heriot (/wiki/George_Heriot) William Herrick (/wiki/William_Herrick_(MP)) Philippa Holland (/wiki/Philippa_Holland) Charles Horner (/wiki/Charles_Horner_(jeweller)) George Edward Hunt (/wiki/George_Edward_Hunt_(jeweller)) Annabel Jones (/wiki/Annabel_Astor,_Viscountess_Astor) Elizabeth Kirkeby (/wiki/Elizabeth_Kirkeby) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Andrew Logan (/wiki/Andrew_Logan_(sculptor)) Joseph Mayer (/wiki/Joseph_Mayer_(antiquary)) Kiki McDonough (/wiki/Kiki_McDonough) Flora McLean (/wiki/House_of_Flora) Edith Emily Morris (/wiki/Edith_Emily_Morris) Ella Naper (/wiki/Ella_Naper) Louise Nippierd (/wiki/Louise_Nippierd) Ari Norman (/wiki/Ari_Norman) Dorrie Nossiter (/wiki/Dorrie_Nossiter) Henry Raeburn (/wiki/Henry_Raeburn) Angharad Rees (/wiki/Angharad_Rees) Tony Swatton (/wiki/Tony_Swatton) James Tassie (/wiki/James_Tassie) William Tassie (/wiki/William_Tassie) Monica Vinader (/wiki/Monica_Vinader_Ltd) David Watkins (/wiki/David_Watkins_(designer)) James Cromar Watt (/wiki/James_Cromar_Watt) Stephen Webster (/wiki/Stephen_Webster) United States [ edit ] James Avery (/wiki/James_Avery_Craftsman) Webb C. Ball (/wiki/Webb_C._Ball) Bill Barrett (/wiki/Bill_Barrett_(artist)) BillyBoy* (/wiki/BillyBoy*) Gail Bird (/wiki/Gail_Bird_and_Yazzie_Johnson) Alexis Bittar (/wiki/Alexis_Bittar) Steven Brody (/wiki/Cadoro) Richard Shaw Brown (/wiki/Richard_Shaw_Brown) Daniel Brush (/wiki/Daniel_Brush) Ben Nighthorse Campbell (/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell) Alexander Calder (/wiki/Alexander_Calder) Eric Daman (/wiki/Eric_Daman) Henry Dunay (/wiki/Henry_Dunay) Robert Ebendorf (/wiki/Robert_Ebendorf) Marie el-Khoury (/wiki/Marie_el-Khoury) Mignon Faget (/wiki/Mignon_Faget) Paulding Farnham (/wiki/Paulding_Farnham) Jennifer Fisher (/wiki/Jennifer_Fisher_(designer)) Paul Flato (/wiki/Paul_Flato) Susan Foster (/wiki/Susan_Foster) Sophia Forero (/wiki/Sophia_Forero) Jane A. Gordon (/wiki/Jane_Gordon_(jewelry_designer)) William Snelling Hadaway (/wiki/William_Snelling_Hadaway) William Claude Harper (/wiki/William_Claude_Harper) Miriam Haskell (/wiki/Miriam_Haskell) George W. Headley (/wiki/George_W._Headley) Joan Hornig (/wiki/Joan_Hornig) Michael Horse (/wiki/Michael_Horse) Holly Hosterman (/wiki/Holly_Yashi) Mary Lee Hu (/wiki/Mary_Lee_Hu) Richard W. Hughes (/wiki/Richard_W._Hughes) Yazzie Johnson (/wiki/Gail_Bird_and_Yazzie_Johnson) Fred Kabotie (/wiki/Fred_Kabotie) Michael Kabotie (/wiki/Michael_Kabotie) Jessica Kagan Cushman (/wiki/Jessica_Kagan_Cushman) Alfred Karram (/wiki/Alfred_Karram) Martin Katz (/wiki/Martin_Katz_(jewelry_designer)) Linda Fry Kenzle (/wiki/Linda_Fry_Kenzle) Omar Kiam (/wiki/Omar_Kiam) Alexis Kirk (/wiki/Alexis_Kirk) Florence Koehler (/wiki/Florence_Koehler) Carolyn Kriegman (/wiki/Carolyn_Kriegman) Kenneth Jay Lane (/wiki/Kenneth_Jay_Lane) Stanley Lechtzin (/wiki/Stanley_Lechtzin) Charles Loloma (/wiki/Charles_Loloma) Pamela Love (/wiki/Pamela_Love) Mary Lyon (/wiki/Mary_Lyon_(writer)) Peter Macchiarini (/wiki/Peter_Macchiarini) Linda MacNeil (/wiki/Linda_MacNeil) Tim McCreight (/wiki/Tim_McCreight) Jennifer Meyer (/wiki/Jennifer_Meyer) Alexandra Mor (/wiki/Alexandra_Mor) Robert Lee Morris (/wiki/Robert_Lee_Morris) Celia Newman (/wiki/Celia_Newman) Clifton Nicholson (/wiki/Clifton_Nicholson) Kevin O'Dwyer (/wiki/Kevin_O%27Dwyer_(silversmith)) Dellamarie Parrilli (/wiki/Dellamarie_Parrilli) Philip Press (/wiki/Philip_Press) Nettie Rosenstein (/wiki/Nettie_Rosenstein) Christopher Ross (/wiki/Christopher_Ross_(sculptor)) Marty Ruza (/wiki/Marty_Ruza) Cynthia Sakai (/wiki/Cynthia_Sakai) Atsidi Sani (/wiki/Atsidi_Sani) Marjorie Schick (/wiki/Marjorie_Schick) Lorraine Schwartz (/wiki/Lorraine_Schwartz) Kendra Scott (/wiki/Kendra_Scott) Celia Sebiri (/wiki/Celia_Sebiri) Emory Sekaquaptewa (/wiki/Emory_Sekaquaptewa) Coreen Simpson (/wiki/Coreen_Simpson) Tommy Singer (/wiki/Tommy_Singer) Albion Smith (/wiki/Albion_Smith) Bill Smith (/wiki/Bill_Smith_(jewelry_designer)) Mimi So (/wiki/Mimi_So) Hans Stern (/wiki/Hans_Stern) Tarina Tarantino (/wiki/Tarina_Tarantino) Maria Tash (/wiki/Maria_Tash) Rachelle Thiewes (/wiki/Rachelle_Thiewes) Charles Lewis Tiffany (/wiki/Charles_Lewis_Tiffany) Louis Comfort Tiffany (/wiki/Louis_Comfort_Tiffany) Justin Tranter (/wiki/Justin_Tranter) Betony Vernon (/wiki/Betony_Vernon) Lella Vignelli (/wiki/Lella_Vignelli) Diana Vincent (/wiki/Diana_Vincent) Cathy Waterman (/wiki/Cathy_Waterman) Stephanie Wells (/wiki/Stephanie_Wells) Harry Winston (/wiki/Harry_Winston) Sherry Wolf (/wiki/Sherry_Wolf_(artist)) Alex Woo (/wiki/Alex_Woo) David Yurman (/wiki/David_Yurman) Marie Zimmermann (/wiki/Marie_Zimmermann) Vietnam [ edit ] Rosalina Lydster (/wiki/Rosalina_Lydster) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) List of footwear designers (/wiki/List_of_footwear_designers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes_1-0) Roberts, Sam (2020-03-27). "Jenny Polanco, Fashion Designer with a Caribbean Palette, Dies at 62" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/obituaries/jenny-polanco-dead-coronavirus.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200329063141/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/obituaries/jenny-polanco-dead-coronavirus.html) from the original on 2020-03-29 . Retrieved 2020-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The South African Jewellery Designers You Need To Know" (https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/11-south-african-jewellery-designers-you-should-know) . Culture Trip . 2017-05-08 . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Designers of jewellery (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Designers_of_jewellery) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐dpl7f Cached time: 20240719071001 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.435 seconds Real time usage: 0.841 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1215/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8465/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 954/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12495/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.218/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3521390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 507.032 1 -total 41.70% 211.418 1 Template:Short_description 35.09% 177.909 1 Template:Reflist 28.95% 146.783 1 Template:Cite_news 22.81% 115.649 8 Template:Main_other 21.93% 111.210 1 Template:SDcat 14.73% 74.663 2 Template:Pagetype 7.22% 36.629 1 Template:Portal 7.02% 35.597 1 Template:Commonscatinline 6.32% 32.027 1 Template:Sister-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37693793-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719071001 and revision id 1231986799. 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Not to be confused with surcingle (/wiki/Surcingle) . A surcingle belt is a belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) having a web body with leather (/wiki/Leather) fittings on either end and a frame style metal buckle (/wiki/Buckle) . The web is usually a heavy wool twill (/wiki/Twill) and may be solid colored or longitudinally striped, or embroidered with a repeating motif. The leather ends are sewn onto this, and are generally narrowed. Surcingle belts are conventionally considered an element of casual dress (/wiki/Dress_code_(Western)#Casual_codes) . They are strongly associated with the preppy (/wiki/Preppy) subculture (/wiki/Subculture) . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surcingle_belt&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9swbl Cached time: 20240713021434 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.134 seconds Real time usage: 0.220 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 44/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3100/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4433/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.105/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 926347/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 202.754 1 -total 50.03% 101.435 1 Template:Distinguish 49.86% 101.083 1 Template:Clothing-stub 48.64% 98.610 1 Template:Asbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29929784-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713021434 and revision id 635726599. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surcingle_belt&oldid=635726599 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surcingle_belt&oldid=635726599) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Belts (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Belts_(clothing)) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden category: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
American businessman (1935–2019) Bud Konheim Born Bernard Brand Konheim ( 1935-03-25 ) March 25, 1935 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Died April 13, 2019 (2019-04-13) (aged 84) Norwalk, Connecticut (/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut) , U.S. Education Phillips Exeter Academy (/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy) Alma mater Dartmouth College (/wiki/Dartmouth_College) Occupation Businessman Bernard Brand " Bud " Konheim (March 25, 1935 – April 13, 2019) was an American businessman. He was the co-founder and chief executive officer of Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) , a fashion company. Early life [ edit ] Bud Konheim was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy (/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy) . [1] (#cite_note-phillipsbud-1) He graduated from Dartmouth College (/wiki/Dartmouth_College) and served in the Marines. [2] (#cite_note-dartmouthbud-2) Career [ edit ] Konheim co-founded Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) , a fashion company. [1] (#cite_note-phillipsbud-1) He served as its chief executive officer. [2] (#cite_note-dartmouthbud-2) Personal life [ edit ] Konheim's son Eric died in a kayaking accident in 1991. [3] (#cite_note-rockyeric-3) in 2015, Konheim made major gifts to Rocky Mountain Institute (in honor of his son Eric) and Puppies Behind Bars (/w/index.php?title=Puppies_Behind_Bars&action=edit&redlink=1) (to aid returning veterans with PTSD). He also donated money in support of student scholarships at Phillips Exeter Academy and Dartmouth College. Konheim died from injuries sustained from falling off of his bicycle on April 13, 2019. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Profile: Bud Konheim '53" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160520192208/http://www.exeter.edu/exeter_bulletin/12984_14623.aspx) . Phillips Exeter Academy . Archived from the original (https://www.exeter.edu/exeter_bulletin/12984_14623.aspx) on May 20, 2016 . Retrieved May 12, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Alumni Stories: Bud Konheim '57" (http://www.dartmouth.edu/~csrc/explore/careers/stories/konheim.html) . Dartmouth College . Retrieved May 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-rockyeric_3-0) "The Eric Konheim Memorial Fund" (http://www.rmi.org/eric) . Rocky Mountain Institute . Retrieved May 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Baker, Ashley (April 15, 2019). "Remembering Bud Konheim" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/bud-konheim-obituary/) . Fashion Week Daily . This article about an American businessperson born in the 1930s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Step_cutting) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Step cutting" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Step+cutting%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Step+cutting%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Step+cutting%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Step+cutting%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Step+cutting%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Step+cutting%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Step cutting is a term used for a graduated haircut (/wiki/Hairstyle) in which the hair (/wiki/Hair) takes the form of cascading steps. [1] (#cite_note-1) There is a sharp demarcation between the steps, which leads to the factor of having a "number of steps". A 2-step cut is where the shortest layer is above the shoulders (/wiki/Shoulders) and the next one a few inches below. The layers (/wiki/Layered_hair) are made to curl (/wiki/Lock_of_hair) out. [2] (#cite_note-2) Drastic variants of the cut can involve a very short first layer which is just below the ears. Doing this haircut is relatively easy—the hair is partitioned (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) horizontally, and the lowest section serves as the guide. See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Step Up Your Hair Game With The Step Cutting Technique" (https://www.lorealparisusa.com/beauty-magazine/hair-style/hairstyle-trends/step-cutting-for-layered-hair) . L'Oréal Paris . Retrieved 2022-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Difference Between step cut and layer cut Hairstyle" (https://www.eastcoastdaily.in/2018/07/08/difference-between-step-cut-and-layer-cut-hairstyle.html) . East Coast Daily English . 2018-07-08 . 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Dress worn by Camilla Parker Bowles at her wedding to Prince Charles in 2005 For her wedding to Charles, Prince of Wales ( King Charles III (/wiki/King_Charles_III) since 2022) on 9 April 2005 at Windsor Guildhall (/wiki/Windsor_Guildhall) , [1] (#cite_note-1) Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Camilla_Parker_Bowles) 's wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) was a cream silk chiffon dress hemmed with vertical rows of Swiss-made appliqued woven disks, and a matching oyster silk basket weave coat. [2] (#cite_note-2) She completed the outfit with pale beige suede shoes with almond-coloured toes designed by L.K.Bennett (/wiki/L.K.Bennett) , a Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) wide-brimmed cream-coloured straw hat overlaid with ivory French lace and feathers, and a purse made from embossed calf leather with a half flap closing and suede lining, from Launer's "East/West" collection. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-MSNBC-4) Work on the outfit began on 21 February 2005, and the final fitting was made on 5 April. [4] (#cite_note-MSNBC-4) Camilla later rewore the outfit with a different hat and set of shoes at the opening of the National Assembly for Wales (/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales) in June 2007. [5] (#cite_note-5) For the blessing afterwards, she wore a floor-length embroidered pale blue and gold coat over a matching chiffon dress and a dramatic spray of golden feathers in her hair. [4] (#cite_note-MSNBC-4) Both ensembles were by Antonia Robinson (/wiki/Anna_Valentine) and Anna Valentine (/wiki/Anna_Valentine) , London designers who worked under the name Robinson Valentine, now solely called Anna Valentine (/wiki/Anna_Valentine) . [6] (#cite_note-6) They reportedly wanted a "crisp clean look with subtle detailing" for the dress. [4] (#cite_note-MSNBC-4) The golden feathers were designed by Philip Treacy. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Charles and Camilla wed at Windsor Guidhall" (http://us.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2005/04/09/weddingceremony/) . Hello! . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Prince Charles and Camilla's wedding: 10 facts about the royal occasion" (http://us.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2014040918069/prince-charles-camilla-royal-wedding/) . Hello! . 9 April 2014 . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashionistas praise Camilla style" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4429447.stm) . BBC. 10 April 2005 . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Parker Bowles, elegant yet feminine for wedding" (http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7442233) . NBC News . Retrieved 10 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barcelona, Ainhoa (3 May 2018). "The Duchess of Cornwall is the only royal bride to have recycled her wedding dress – see photos" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/news/2018050359309/duchess-of-cornwall-recycles-wedding-dress/) . Hello! . Retrieved 5 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111025143536/http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/a/charleswedding.htm) . About.com (/wiki/About.com) . Archived from the original (http://marriage.about.com/od/royalty/a/charleswedding.htm) on 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 19 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Crawford-Smith, James (15 July 2022). "Kate and Camilla's Favorite Milliner Calls Royal Hats: 'A Piece of Magic' (https://www.newsweek.com/kate-middleton-camilla-duchess-milliner-philip-treacy-hats-1724891) " (https://www.newsweek.com/kate-middleton-camilla-duchess-milliner-philip-treacy-hats-1724891) . Newsweek . 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French fashion magazine You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_des_dames_et_des_modes) in French . (June 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJournal_des_dames_et_des_modes&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic (/wiki/Template:Expand_French#Topics_and_categorization) to this template: there are already 1,515 articles in the main category (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia) , and specifying \|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Journal des dames et des modes]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated\|fr\|Journal des dames et des modes}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Journal_des_dames_et_des_modes) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Chapeau à la Paméla - Costume Parisien, 1801-2 Journal des dames et des modes , was a French fashion magazine (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) , published between 1797 and 1839. [1] (#cite_note-Kate_Nelson_Best-1) Until the 1820s, the magazine had almost international monopoly as a channel of French fashion worldwide. History [ edit ] It was the second oldest fashion magazine published in France, replacing its predecessor the Cabinet des Modes (/wiki/Cabinet_des_Modes) (1785-1793) after the fall of Robespierre (/wiki/Robespierre) . During most of its existence, it had near monopoly in the fashion world as the channel of French fashion in France as well as internationally, particularly during the Napoleonic age (/wiki/Napoleon_I) . It was edited by Pierre de la Mesangere, who was its main journalist most of its existence. It was issued every five days, with eight pages of text and one or two colored copperplates ( fashion plates (/wiki/Fashion_plate) ). It also contained descriptions of society life, poetry, theatre reviews and fiction. During the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) , Journal des dames et des modes featured “political clothing”, among them a tunica by the name “juive”, after Jews (/wiki/Jews) were granted equal rights in France in 1791. [2] (#cite_note-2) The magazine was generously treated by Napoleon I (/wiki/Napoleon_I) as he viewed fashion as an important French industry, and preferred it as the organ of French fashion before the previous fashion dolls (/wiki/Fashion_doll) , which he banned because of his fear that they could be used to conceal secret messages. [1] (#cite_note-Kate_Nelson_Best-1) It was relatively inexpensive and affordable, and popular in almost all the Western world: from Paris to Boston, Britain, Holland, Italy, Belgium, Germany and Russia. Despite the impopularity of France during the Napoleonic wars, French fashion was still popular and ensured the fashion magazine's international success. There were however many national fashion magazines produced with Journal des dames et des modes as its model. From the 1820s, the dominance of the magazine was broken with an increasing number of rivals when the French fashion magazine industry exploded with a number of rivaling magazines, such as the Petit courrier des dames (1821-1868), Le Follet (/wiki/Le_Follet) (1829-1892), La Mode (1829-1854) and Le Journal des demoiselles (1833-1922), and Journal des dames et des modes finally discontinued in 1839. Later magazine [ edit ] Another magazine with the same name, Journal des dames et des modes , was published in 1912–14. Gallery [ edit ] Journal des dames et des modes, 1803. Costume Parisien No.608 1804. Schutenhut 1819 Journal des Dames et des Modes 1822. Journal des Dames et des Modes, 15 juillet 1807. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Kate Nelson Best, The History of Fashion Journalism (https://books.google.com/books?id=6L9NDQAAQBAJ&dq=Cabinet+des+modes+first+fashion+magazine&pg=PT30) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Naomi Lubrich on historical fashion prints" (https://www.juedisches-museum.ch/en/today-wed-call-them-woke/) . Jewish Museum of Switzerland . 2023-05-30. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32799510k) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32799510k) This fashion magazine or journal-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journal_des_dames_et_des_modes&action=edit) . See tips for writing articles about magazines (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Magazines/Writing_guide) . 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Submission declined on 15 March 2024 by Drmies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Drmies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Drmies) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Nicole+Nadeau%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Nicole_Nadeau) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Nicole_Nadeau&defaults=y) Declined by Drmies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Drmies) 4 months ago. Last edited by Drmies (/wiki/User:Drmies) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Pass420&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: This looks like a celebrity resume more than a biography of a notable artist. If she is notable as an artist, it's going to take more to prove that than a set of nipples (https://plainmagazine.com/nicole-nadeau-artistic-titillating-tiling/) in a pop culture style magazine--and, by the way, I cannot find a page where that magazine/website explains what their editorial policy and thus their standing is. We need proper discussion of the subject, as an artist, in proper magazines/books/newspapers. Drmies (/wiki/User:Drmies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Drmies) ) 22:16, 15 March 2024 (UTC) Comment: Will need to pass WP:NARTIST (/wiki/Wikipedia:NARTIST) . Theroadislong (/wiki/User:Theroadislong) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Theroadislong) ) 21:16, 15 March 2024 (UTC) Visual Artist, Sculptor Nadeau in her studio by Kate Berry in 2021 Nicole Nadeau (born July 5, 1984) is a French Canadian - American visual artist, designer, and tv personality. Her artistic practice encompasses sculpture, installation, and art objects. Early life and education [ edit ] Nadeau was born in Connecticut. She is the daughter of Michael Nadeau, a 4th generation craftsman, designer and contractor. [1] (#cite_note-1) She first trained in drawing at Wesleyan University (/wiki/Wesleyan_University) while in high school. She attended Rochester Institute of Technology (/wiki/Rochester_Institute_of_Technology) (RIT) from 2002-2005 in the industrial design program. [2] (#cite_note-2) She holds a BFA from Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Nadeau has exhibited in galleries, museums, and universities. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) . Her work has been subject of solo exhibitions at KDR305 Gallery in 2021 [10] (#cite_note-10) , “A Flower by Another Name " curated by Kyle DeWoody (/wiki/Kyle_DeWoody) in 2018 [11] (#cite_note-11) . Her work has also been exhibited at Cooper-Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum (/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum) in 2014, The Hole in 2021, 56 Henry in 2017, Anonymous Gallery in 2021 [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) , Rochester Institute of Technology (/wiki/Rochester_Institute_of_Technology) in 2014, Collective Design Fair in 2016 [14] (#cite_note-14) , Children’s Museum of the Arts (/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_the_Arts) , The Future Perfect in 2022 [15] (#cite_note-15) ; The Watermill Center (/wiki/The_Watermill_Center) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) , M+B gallery in 2023 [18] (#cite_note-18) . Her art objects can be found at The Whitney Museum (/wiki/Whitney_Museum) , The Street & The Shop, and 56 Henry Gallery. She was a studio assistant for Swiss artist Olaf Bruening (/wiki/Olaf_Breuning) in 2011. Nadeau competed in the first season of Bravo's Work of Art: The Next Great Artist (/wiki/Work_of_Art:_The_Next_Great_Artist) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Books [ edit ] In 2021, Nadeau self published The Golden Teacher book, in conjunction with installation of the same name [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) . The book was available at Printed Matter (/wiki/Printed_Matter,_Inc.) , The Hole, and Hat & Beard Press. Her work is also featured in TASCHEN (/wiki/Taschen) book: The fourth volume in The Library of Esoterica. [25] (#cite_note-25) Personal life [ edit ] She has a twin sister, Coryn Nadeau. Nadeau's aunt is reality television personality and socialite Countess Luann de Lesseps (/wiki/Luann_de_Lesseps) . [26] (#cite_note-26) Her cousins Victoria de Lesseps (/wiki/Victoria_de_Lesseps) and Noel de Lesseps are also visual artists. [27] (#cite_note-27) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) LLC, Michael J. Nadeau Carpentry. "MICHAEL J. NADEAU CARPENTRY LLC - Project Photos & Reviews - Berlin, CT US" (https://www.houzz.com/professionals/design-build-firms/michael-j-nadeau-carpentry-llc-pfvwus-pf~721822250) . Houzz . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "2014 Design Autopsy: Alumni Work From Industrial Design" (https://www.rit.edu/spotlights/2014-design-autopsy-alumni-work-industrial-design) . RIT . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Nicole Nadeau" (https://www.kdr305.com/nicole-nadeau-2021) . KDR305 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Nicole Nadeau, A Supplementary Biography" (http://artfcity.com/nicole-nadeau-a-supplementary-biography/) . Art F City . 2010-06-08 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) By (2010-06-23). "Cromwell Native In Top 12 Of 'Work Of Art' On Bravo" (https://www.courant.com/2010/06/23/cromwell-native-in-top-12-of-work-of-art-on-bravo-2/) . Hartford Courant . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Nicole Nadeau - Biography, Shows, Articles & More" (https://www.artsy.net/artist/nicole-nadeau) . Artsy . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pundyk, Anne Sherwood (2014-09-04). "Achieving Authentic Equality" (https://brooklynrail.org/2014/09/criticspage/achieving-authentic-equality) . The Brooklyn Rail . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) whitewall (2020-06-29). "Nicole Nadeau on "Drive-By-Art" and Keeping Your Foot on the Gas" (https://whitewall.art/art/nicole-nadeau-drive-art-keeping-foot-gas/) . Whitewall . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "2014 Design Autopsy: Alumni Work From Industrial Design" (https://www.rit.edu/spotlights/2014-design-autopsy-alumni-work-industrial-design) . RIT . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Nicole Nadeau" (https://www.kdr305.com/nicole-nadeau-2021) . KDR305 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "nicole nadeau — Daily Journal Autre Magazine" (https://autre.love/journal/tag/nicole+nadeau) . Autre Magazine . 2018-10-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Corwin, William (2021-07-13). "100 Sculptures - NYC" (https://brooklynrail.org/2021/07/artseen/100-Sculptures-NYC) . The Brooklyn Rail . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "General" (http://anonymousgallery.com/exhibition/100-sculptures-new-york?text=1) . anonymousgallery.com . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Nicole Nadeau's nipple tiles are moulded from her breast" (https://www.dezeen.com/2016/05/06/nicole-nadeau-exhibition-installation-nipple-tiles-moulded-own-breast-new-york-design-week/) . Dezeen . 2016-05-06 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Nicole Nadeau \| A Flower By Another Name_23 (2018) \| Artsy" (https://www.artsy.net/artwork/nicole-nadeau-a-flower-by-another-name-23-1) . www.artsy.net . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Nicole Nadeau" (https://guestofaguest.com/directory/nicole-nadeau) . Guest of a Guest . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) admin. "Paradiso: The 17th Annual Watermill Summer Benefit" (https://www.watermillcenter.org/benefit_2010/) . The Watermill Center . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Nicole Nadeau, "by memory like camille", 2022" (https://www.mbart.com/exhibitions/278/works/artworks-18121-nicole-nadeau-by-memory-like-camille-2022/) . M+B . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Nast, Condé (2010-08-06). "Work of Art: Interview With Nicole Nadeau" (https://www.gq.com/story/this-week-on-work-of-1) . GQ . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Wolff, Rachel (2010-08-06). "Work of Art Exit Interview: Episode Nine" (https://www.vulture.com/2010/08/work_of_art_exit_interview_epi_4.html) . Vulture . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Nicole Nadeau" (https://www.bravotv.com/work-of-art/photos/nicole-nadeau) . Bravo TV Official Site . 2010-06-30 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Nicole Nadeau - The Golden Teacher" (https://www.printedmatter.org/catalog/59619/) . Printed Matter . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Nicole Nadeau "The Golden Teacher" (https://shop.theholenyc.com/products/the-golden-teacher-nicole-nadeau-good-taste-publishing) " (https://shop.theholenyc.com/products/the-golden-teacher-nicole-nadeau-good-taste-publishing) . The Hole NYC LLC . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "The Golden Teacher by Nicole Nadeau" (https://hatandbeard.com/products/the-golden-teacher-by-nicole-nadeau) . Hat & Beard Press . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "TASCHEN Books: Plant Magick. The Library of Esoterica" (https://www.taschen.com/en/books/esoterica/08020/plant-magick-the-library-of-esoterica) . www.taschen.com . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Nicole Nadeau, A Supplementary Biography" (http://artfcity.com/nicole-nadeau-a-supplementary-biography/) . Art F City . 2010-06-08 . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Armstrong, Annie (2022-07-14). "Wet Paint in the Wild: Artist Nicole Nadeau Surfs Her Way Through the Hamptons and Parties With the Art World on Long Island" (https://news.artnet.com/market/wet-paint-in-the-wirld-nicole-nadeau-2147103) . Artnet News . Retrieved 2024-03-15 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. 0–9 2020 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2020_in_fashion) ‎ (5 P) 2021 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2021_in_fashion) ‎ (4 P) 2022 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2022_in_fashion) ‎ (3 P) C Clothing companies established in 2021 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2021) ‎ (1 P) F Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Category:Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) ‎ (5 P) G Goth subculture (/wiki/Category:Goth_subculture) ‎ (11 C, 77 P) Pages in category "2020s fashion" The following 153 pages are in this category, out of 153 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 2020s in fashion (/wiki/2020s_in_fashion) A Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Adidas Campus (/wiki/Adidas_Campus) Adidas Forum (/wiki/Adidas_Forum) Adidas Gazelle (/wiki/Adidas_Gazelle) Adidas Handball Spezial (/wiki/Adidas_Handball_Spezial) Adidas NMD (/wiki/Adidas_NMD) Adidas Superstar (/wiki/Adidas_Superstar) Adidas Top Ten (/wiki/Adidas_Top_Ten) Adidas Ultraboost (/wiki/Adidas_Ultraboost) Adidas Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) Alex Mill (/wiki/Alex_Mill) Alo Yoga (/wiki/Alo_Yoga) American Eagle Outfitters (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) Asics Gel-Kayano 14 (/wiki/Asics_Gel-Kayano_14) Asics Gel-Lyte III (/wiki/Asics_Gel-Lyte_III) ASOS (retailer) (/wiki/ASOS_(retailer)) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) B Baguette (bag) (/wiki/Baguette_(bag)) Bearpaw (brand) (/wiki/Bearpaw_(brand)) Body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) Boohoo.com (/wiki/Boohoo.com) Boyfriend (fashion) (/wiki/Boyfriend_(fashion)) Brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) BRWNGRLZ (/wiki/BRWNGRLZ) C Cactus Plant Flea Market (/wiki/Cactus_Plant_Flea_Market) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) C&A (/wiki/C%26A) Capelli Sport (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Carpisa (/wiki/Carpisa) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Champion (sportswear) (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) Claw clip (/wiki/Claw_clip) Cloth face mask (/wiki/Cloth_face_mask) Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) Converse (brand) (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Cotton On Group (/wiki/Cotton_On_Group) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) Crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) D Denim skirt (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Digital fashion (/wiki/Digital_fashion) Dotti (retailer) (/wiki/Dotti_(retailer)) Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) E E-kid (/wiki/E-kid) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) F Fall 2023 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2023_fashion_weeks) By Far (/wiki/By_Far) Fashion Nova (/wiki/Fashion_Nova) Fenty X Puma (/wiki/Fenty_X_Puma) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) Friendship bracelet (/wiki/Friendship_bracelet) G Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Geek (/wiki/Geek) Go-go boot (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) GU (retailer) (/wiki/GU_(retailer)) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) H H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Hair clip (/wiki/Hair_clip) Halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Heilan Home (/wiki/Heilan_Home) Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) Hollister Co. (/wiki/Hollister_Co.) I Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) Indie sleaze (/wiki/Indie_sleaze) Izod (/wiki/Izod) J Jeggings (/wiki/Jeggings) K Kahala (apparel) (/wiki/Kahala_(apparel)) Kappa (brand) (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kate Spade New York (/wiki/Kate_Spade_New_York) Khaadi (/wiki/Khaadi) Kiks Tyo (/wiki/Kiks_Tyo) L Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) Lovisa (company) (/wiki/Lovisa_(company)) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) M Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Madame (clothing) (/wiki/Madame_(clothing)) Mall goth (/wiki/Mall_goth) Misses Kisses (/wiki/Misses_Kisses) Missguided (/wiki/Missguided) Mom jeans (/wiki/Mom_jeans) More & More (/wiki/More_%26_More) Mullet (haircut) (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) Mushroom hat (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) N Nasty Gal (/wiki/Nasty_Gal) New Balance 480 (/wiki/New_Balance_480) New Balance 550 (/wiki/New_Balance_550) New Balance 1906 (/wiki/New_Balance_1906) New Balance 2002 (/wiki/New_Balance_2002) Nike Air Force (/wiki/Nike_Air_Force) Nike Air Max (/wiki/Nike_Air_Max) Nike Air Ship (/wiki/Nike_Air_Ship) Nike Dunk (/wiki/Nike_Dunk) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) O Onitsuka Tiger Corsair (/wiki/Onitsuka_Tiger_Corsair) Onitsuka Tiger Mexico 66 (/wiki/Onitsuka_Tiger_Mexico_66) OTD (company) (/wiki/OTD_(company)) P Palladium Boots (/wiki/Palladium_Boots) Peacocks (clothing) (/wiki/Peacocks_(clothing)) Peak beard (/wiki/Peak_beard) Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Pork pie hat (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) PrettyLittleThing (/wiki/PrettyLittleThing) Primark (/wiki/Primark) Puma Clyde (/wiki/Puma_Clyde) Puma Suede (/wiki/Puma_Suede) R Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) S Sagging (fashion) (/wiki/Sagging_(fashion)) Shag (haircut) (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) Shein (/wiki/Shein) Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) Slide (footwear) (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slim-fit pants (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Todd Snyder (fashion designer) (/wiki/Todd_Snyder_(fashion_designer)) Soft girl (/wiki/Soft_girl) Soft grunge (/wiki/Soft_grunge) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Stradivarius (clothing brand) (/wiki/Stradivarius_(clothing_brand)) Strapless dress (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) T Teddy Fresh (/wiki/Teddy_Fresh) Texas Jeans USA (/wiki/Texas_Jeans_USA) Thrift store chic (/wiki/Thrift_store_chic) Tie-dye (/wiki/Tie-dye) Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) U UGG (brand) (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) V Vans (/wiki/Vans) Venus Fashion (/wiki/Venus_Fashion) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Vuori (/wiki/Vuori) W Wedding dress of Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) Wide-leg jeans (/wiki/Wide-leg_jeans) X Ximivogue (/wiki/Ximivogue) Y Yeezy (brand) (/wiki/Yeezy_(brand)) Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Yves Saint Laurent (fashion house) (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(fashion_house)) Z Zara (retailer) (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2020s_fashion&oldid=1183050200 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2020s_fashion&oldid=1183050200) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 21st-century fashion (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 2020s in the arts (/wiki/Category:2020s_in_the_arts) 2020s fads and trends (/wiki/Category:2020s_fads_and_trends) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 101–200 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_101%E2%80%93200_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
French fashion designer (born 1990) Simon Porte Jacquemus Jacquemus in 2015 Born ( 1990-01-16 ) 16 January 1990 (age 34) Salon-de-Provence (/wiki/Salon-de-Provence) , France Nationality French Education ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) [1] (#cite_note-1) Occupation Fashion designer Years active 2009–present Spouse Marco Maestri ( m. 2022 ) Children 2 Simon Porte Jacquemus ( French pronunciation: [simɔ̃ (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) pɔʁt (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ʒakmys] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; born 16 January 1990) is a French fashion designer and the founder of the Jacquemus fashion label. Early life [ edit ] Jacquemus was born in Salon-de-Provence (/wiki/Salon-de-Provence) , France (/wiki/France) into a family of farmers; his father occasionally sang in metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) bands and his mother raised him. He grew up in the small town of Mallemort (/wiki/Mallemort) in southern France. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2008, at the age of 18, he went to Paris, where he studied for a few months at the École supérieure des arts et techniques de la mode ( ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) ) like Olivier Rousteing. [3] (#cite_note-3) He then left the program for a position as an artist manager's assistant at Citizen K fashion magazine. [4] (#cite_note-4) The sudden death of his mother prompted him to begin his own career as a fashion designer. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] He was 20 years old when he created his brand, Jacquemus, his mother's maiden name. He promoted his designs by having friends wear his creations in shops during Vogue' s Fashion Night Out in 2010 in Paris. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2012, he was invited to present his collection during Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [9] (#cite_note-lvmhprize-9) Most of the fabrics used in his collections come from a workwear supplier. The cut is simple, with few details, but original. The prints sometimes recall the world of films by Jacques Tati (/wiki/Jacques_Tati) or Louis Malle (/wiki/Louis_Malle) . He has described his creations as a "naïve" fashion with a pop of color with unique silhouettes. Having achieved a certain notoriety, his pieces are now on sale in stores such as Opening Ceremony (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony_(brand)) in New York, Broken Arm in Paris, Gago in Aix-en-Provence (/wiki/Aix-en-Provence) and Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) in London. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2014, he designed a collection for La Redoute (/wiki/La_Redoute) . In 2015, he received the Special Jury Prize at the LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Prize, [11] (#cite_note-11) an international competition created by Delphine Arnault (/wiki/Delphine_Arnault) for young fashion designers. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2017, Jacquemus added a line of footwear to his collections. [13] (#cite_note-13) He also announced in 2018 that he would be designing menswear, creating the line in 2019. [14] (#cite_note-14) In addition to shoes, Jacquemus also designs handbags and hats. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) His contribution to his native region is the opening of the restaurant "Citron", located in the new Galleries Lafayette des Champs-Elysees (/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es) , launched on 28 March 2019 instead of the former Virgin Megastore12. [17] (#cite_note-17) On 24 June 2019 he organised a parade to celebrate ten years of the brand. Simon Porte invited the world of fashion to a lavender field (/wiki/Lavandula) and presented his new collection, Le coup de soleil . [18] (#cite_note-18) His Spring/Summer 2021 collection, "L'Amour", had themes of simplicity and romance. "Like a simple country wedding or a harvest festival", he said in a pre-show interview. The show took place in a wheat field an hour outside of Paris, and due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , only had 100 guests in attendance. [19] (#cite_note-19) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) announced its newest women's-focused collection with Jacquemus with the collaborative capsule first previewed in mid-May 2022. "Having this imagery in mind, we designed women's athletic wear with sensuous details and neutral colors, along with my own interpretation of the Humara, my favorite Nike shoe", said Simon Porte Jacquemus when asked about the inspiration behind the footwear pieces. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2023, Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) and Jacquemus continued their collaboration as they unveiled a new pair of sneakers called JF1. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) In June 2023, Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) was dressed by Jacquemus when she performed in Marseille's Vélodrome (/wiki/Stade_V%C3%A9lodrome) . [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Later in the month, on 26 June, Jacquemus' eponymous brand revealed its Fall 2023 collection at the Palace of Versailles (/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Personal life [ edit ] Jacquemus is gay. He married French digital agent Marco Maestri [26] (#cite_note-26) on 28 August 2022 at the town hall of Charleval, Bouches-du-Rhône (/wiki/Charleval,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne) . [27] (#cite_note-27) On 22 April 2024, the couple announced the birth of their twins, a son and a daughter. [28] (#cite_note-28) Awards [ edit ] 2014: Finalist, LVMH Prize [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) 2015: Special Jury LVMH Prize [9] (#cite_note-lvmhprize-9) 2017: Fashion Director's Choice Award at the Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) [31] (#cite_note-31) 2024: Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) WMagazine (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/simon-porte-jacquemus) Article by Alexandra Marshall 03.08.16 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Simon Porte, créateur de Jacquemus, croit au "consommez français" (https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/createurs/simon-porte-createur-de-jacquemus-croit-au-consommez-francais_1050551.html) " (https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/createurs/simon-porte-createur-de-jacquemus-croit-au-consommez-francais_1050551.html) . LExpress.fr (in French). 14 November 2011 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hartman, Eviana (7 May 2015). "A Cheeky Peek Into the Life of Simon Porte Jacquemus" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/07/t-magazine/simon-porte-jacquemus-style-profile.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fair, Vanity; France, Condé Nast Digital. "Magazine Vanity Fair France" (https://www.vanityfair.fr/) . Vanity Fair (in French) . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Yaeger, Lynn (17 January 2018). "How Jacquemus Is Taking The Fashion World By Storm" (https://www.vogue.com/article/simon-porte-jacquemus-interview-vogue-february-2018-issue) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) à 07h00, Par Le 2 octobre 2013 (2 October 2013). "Jacquemus, parcours d'un autodidacte de la mode" (https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/jacquemus-parcours-d-un-autodidacte-de-la-mode-02-10-2013-3186615.php) . leparisien.fr (in French) . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Björk, Daniel (27 September 2016). "Jacquemus: Bigger Than You Think" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/jacquemus-bigger-than-you-think) . Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Portrait de Simon Porte, le créateur de Jacquemus" (https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/createurs/portrait-de-simon-porte-le-createur-de-jacquemus_1284538.html) . LExpress.fr (in French). 24 September 2013 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Jacquemus by Simon Porte Jacquemus" (http://www.lvmhprize.com/designer/jacquemus-3/) . LVMH Prize. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Pellegrino, Alessandra (22 March 2012). "Jacquemus" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/new-talents/2012/03/simon-porte-jacquemus) . Vogue Italia . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "ART IN FASHION: JACQUEMUS A/I 15-16 + SEBASTIAN BIENIEK" (http://redmilkmagazine.com/2015/03/art-in-fashion-jacquemus-ai-15-16-sebastian-bieniek/) . RedMilk . 19 March 2015 . Retrieved 7 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Diderich, Joelle (20 January 2016). "Ten of Tomorrow: Simon Porte Jacquemus" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/10-of-tomorrow-designer-simon-porte-jacquemus-10315119/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Yotka, Steff (18 December 2017). "The Wildest, Weirdest, Most Wonderful Shoes of 2017" (https://www.vogue.com/article/best-shoes-of-2017) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Diderich, Joelle (26 February 2018). "Simon Porte Jacquemus to Unveil Men's Line" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/simon-porte-jacquemus-launches-mens-collection-1202596108/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Satenstein, Liana (9 April 2018). "Justin Bieber Takes a Page From Jacquemus and Wears a Really Large Hat" (https://www.vogue.com/article/justin-bieber-wears-a-really-large-hat-similar-to-jacquemus) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Anastasiou, Zoe (25 April 2018). "How Jacquemus Is Quickly Becoming The Go-To Designer For All Your Favourite Celebrities" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/celebrities-wearing-jacquemus-16325) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-17) " (https://www.elle.fr/Elle-a-Table/Les-dossiers-de-la-redaction/News-de-la-redaction/ELLEfood-spot-Citron-la-nouvelle-adresse-ou-tout-Paris-se-presse-3785329) 'Citron' de Jacquemus, la nouvelle adresse où tout Paris se presse - Elle à Table" (https://www.elle.fr/Elle-a-Table/Les-dossiers-de-la-redaction/News-de-la-redaction/ELLEfood-spot-Citron-la-nouvelle-adresse-ou-tout-Paris-se-presse-3785329) . elle.fr (in French). 4 April 2019 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Jacquemus célèbre ses 10 ans avec un défilé féerique dans un champ de lavande - Elle" (https://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-news-mode/Jacquemus-celebre-ses-10-ans-avec-un-defile-feerique-dans-un-champ-de-lavande) . elle.fr (in French). 25 June 2019 . Retrieved 8 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Jacquemus Spring 2021 Menswear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2021-menswear/jacquemus) . Vogue . 16 July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Jacquemus Shares a Closer Look at Its First Nike Footwear Collaborations" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/6/jacquemus-nike-shoe-collaboration-release-date) . Hypebeast . 14 June 2022 . Retrieved 15 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Jacquemus et Nike poursuivent leur collaboration et dévoilent une nouvelle paire de baskets" (https://www.bfmtv.com/luxe/mode/jacquemus-et-nike-poursuivent-leur-collaboration-et-devoilent-une-nouvelle-paire-de-basket_GN-202306010561.html) . BFM TV . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Jacquemus poursuit sa collaboration avec Nike" (https://journalduluxe.fr/fr/mode/jacquemus-suite-collaboration-nike-jf1) . Journal du Luxe . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Beyoncé étincelante en robe Jacquemus lors de son concert à Marseille" (https://www.bfmtv.com/luxe/mode/beyonce-etincelante-en-robe-jacquemus-lors-de-son-concert-a-marseille_GN-202306130408.html) . BFM TV . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Beyoncé enflamme le stade Vélodrome en Jacquemus" (https://www.vogue.fr/article/beyonce-jacquemus-concert-marseille-renaissance-world-tour-juin-2023) . Vogue France . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) CRIALES-UNZUETA, JOSÉ. "Jacquemus FALL 2023 READY-TO-WEAR" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2023-ready-to-wear/jacquemus) . Vogue . Retrieved 6 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Marain, Alexandre (11 March 2019). "Who is Marco Maestri, Simon Porte Jacquemus' boyfriend?" (https://www.vogue.fr/vogue-hommes-en/article/who-is-marco-maestri-simon-porte-jacquemus-boyfriend) . Vogue France (/wiki/Vogue_France) . Retrieved 1 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Salessy, Héloïse (28 August 2022). "See Every Arrival at Simon Porte Jacquemus and Marco Maestri's South of France Wedding" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/jacquemus-wedding-arrivals) . Vogue . Retrieved 29 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Miller, Brittany (22 April 2024). "Fashion designer Simon Jacquemus welcomes twins with husband Marco" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/simon-jacquemus-twins-husband-b2533328.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 27 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Szmydke, Paulina (26 March 2014). "LVMH Prize Finalist: Simon Porte Jacquemus for Jacquemus" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/lvmh-prize-finalist-simon-porte-jacquemus-for-jacquemus-7614791/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Hartman, Eviana (7 May 2015). "A Cheeky Peek Into the Life of Simon Porte Jacquemus" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/07/t-magazine/simon-porte-jacquemus-style-profile.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Emma Watson crowned Woman Of The Year at Elle Style Awards 2017" (https://metro.co.uk/2017/02/14/emma-watson-is-crowned-woman-of-the-year-at-elle-style-awards-2017-6447593/) . Metro . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Simon Porte Jacquemus nommé Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres" (https://www.journalduluxe.fr/fr/mode/simon-porte-jacquemus-createur-chevalier-arts-lettres) . Journal du Luxe . Retrieved 18 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Simon Porte Jacquemus reçoit l'insigne de chevalier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres des mains d'Anna Wintour" (https://fashionunited.fr/actualite/people/simon-porte-jacquemus-recoit-l-insigne-de-chevalier-de-l-ordre-des-arts-et-des-lettres-des-mains-d-anna-wintour/2024030434420) . Fashion United . Retrieved 18 March 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://jacquemus.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jdwbc Cached time: 20240719210025 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.535 seconds Real time usage: 0.679 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3474/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63105/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3995/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 119147/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.354/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20685595/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 642.763 1 -total 34.17% 219.620 1 Template:Reflist 31.18% 200.427 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.13% 129.415 18 Template:Cite_web 19.32% 124.179 1 Template:IPA 11.77% 75.640 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 10.55% 67.821 1 Template:Short_description 8.80% 56.582 1 Template:Marriage 7.28% 46.798 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.72% 43.218 11 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57326286-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719210025 and revision id 1230946625. 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American fashion model (born 1991) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Leila_Goldkuhl) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Leila_Goldkuhl) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) relies too much on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Misuse_of_primary_sources) . Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) or harmful. 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( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Leila Goldkuhl Goldkuhl during Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) S/S 2018 Born Leila Marie Goldkuhl [3] (#cite_note-early-3) ( 1991-12-30 ) December 30, 1991 (age 32) Framingham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Alma mater Salem State University (/wiki/Salem_State_University) University of Rhode Island (/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island) Occupation Model Years active 2012–present Spouse Robbie Masterson ( m. 2017 ) Children 2 Modeling information Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair color Dark brown Eye color Hazel Agency Marilyn Agency (/wiki/Marilyn_Agency) (New York) Chic Management (Sydney) M4 Models (Hamburg) Next Management (/wiki/Next_Management) (Paris, Milan, Los Angeles) (mother agency) [2] (#cite_note-2) Leila Marie Goldkuhl Masterson ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) l iː l ə / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) Lee-la ; born December 30, 1991) [4] (#cite_note-4) is an American fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) . She is known for competing on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 19 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_19) , becoming the last eliminated overall. Early life and education [ edit ] Goldkuhl was born on December 30, 1991, in Framingham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts) . She attended Framingham High School (/wiki/Framingham_High_School) as a teenager, where she played basketball, volleyball, and lacrosse. After graduating from high school in 2010 Goldkuhl attended Salem State University (/wiki/Salem_State_University) , where she planned to major in marine biology (/wiki/Marine_biology) . [5] (#cite_note-5) She later transferred to the University of Rhode Island (/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island) to study textiles, fashion merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_merchandising) and design before deciding to pursue modeling. [3] (#cite_note-early-3) America's Next Top Model [ edit ] Goldkuhl's first attempt to join America's Next Top Model was made during the show's casting for cycle 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_15)) , when she auditioned in New York and was optioned as a semi-finalist on Tyra.com, but was not selected to proceed further. [3] (#cite_note-early-3) Contestants Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) and Kendal Brown, both of whom ultimately made the final cast that cycle, were chosen as the winners of this search. [6] (#cite_note-6) Goldkuhl was eventually selected as a semi-finalist for the show's nineteenth cycle in 2012, where she was chosen as one of the final thirteen contestants. [7] (#cite_note-7) She was originally eliminated in the fifth week of the competition, but the series had introduced a twist involving the newly implemented public vote, which allowed previously eliminated contestants to continue having their photos scored after their elimination. [8] (#cite_note-8) The highest scoring contestant, later revealed to be Goldkuhl, was allowed to rejoin the competition in week 9. She became the last eliminated overall. [9] (#cite_note-9) Modeling career [ edit ] In 2013, Goldkuhl was signed with Next Model Management (/wiki/Next_Model_Management) in Los Angeles. She began working locally before traveling abroad to model in Australia and South Korea. [10] (#cite_note-10) She was later signed worldwide under representation from Next Model Management, and had her runway debut as a worldwide exclusive for Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) during the S/S 16 season in September 2015. She was subsequently featured in the brand's advertising campaign for that season. [11] (#cite_note-Turner_Alleyne_2015-11) [12] (#cite_note-Okwodu_2015-12) In addition to her work for Givenchy, Goldkuhl has done campaigns for Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford_(brand)) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) , Hervé Léger (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_L%C3%A9ger) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Just Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , and Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Since her runway debut in 2015, Goldkuhl has walked for several other designers during Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_Week) in New York, London, Milan and Paris, including Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Alexandre Vauthier (/wiki/Alexandre_Vauthier) , Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) , Emanuel Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) , Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , Shiatzy Chen (/wiki/Shiatzy_Chen) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) and Zuhair Murad (/wiki/Zuhair_Murad) . She has also been featured in editorials for publications like Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , Numéro (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) , Oyster (/wiki/Oyster_(magazine)) , Russh (/wiki/Russh) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , and American, Italian, Korean, German and Mexican editions of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In October 2015, Goldkuhl was ranked by Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) as one of the most successful contestants of the Top Model franchise. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2018, she was ranked among the top 50 working models in the fashion industry by Models.com. [20] (#cite_note-20) Personal life [ edit ] Goldkuhl married photographer Robbie Masterson on October 14, 2017. [21] (#cite_note-21) The couple have three children together. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Leila Goldkuhl - FMD Card and Summary" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/leila_goldkuhl/summary/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Leila Goldkuhl - Model" (https://models.com/models/Leila-Goldkuhl) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bergeron, Chris. "From Framingham High to 'America's Next Top Model' (http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/x1843771787/From-Framingham-High-to-Americas-Next-Top-Model) " (http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/x1843771787/From-Framingham-High-to-Americas-Next-Top-Model) . MetroWest Daily News, Framingham, MA . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sun, Reyhan. "Leila Goldkuhl" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180210011917/http://www.cosmopolitanturkiye.com/unluler/2018/02/02/leila-goldkuhl) . Cosmopolitan Turkiye (in Turkish). Archived from the original (http://www.cosmopolitanturkiye.com/unluler/2018/02/02/leila-goldkuhl) on 10 February 2018 . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Okwodu, Janelle (December 2015). "Leela Goldkuhl Is Not Just Another Reality TV Star Turned Model" (https://www.vogue.com/article/leela-goldkuhl-top-model-alum-givenchy) . Vogue . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Tyra.com Top Model Search Cycle 15 Winners!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100903122440/http://www.tyra.com/view/TOPSEARCH15_WINNERS) . 3 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 September 2010 . Retrieved 5 August 2017 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "America's Next Top Model Cast \| Bios \| Leila" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120815094046/http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/Leila) . 2012-08-13. Archived from the original (http://www.cwtv.com:80/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/Leila) on August 15, 2012 . Retrieved 2018-02-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) " (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-college-edition-eliminates-leila-goldkuhl-13890.php) 'America's Next Top Model: College Edition eliminates Leila Goldkuhl" (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-college-edition-eliminates-leila-goldkuhl-13890.php) . realitytvworld.com . Retrieved 5 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-college-edition-crowns-laura-james-winner-14104.php) 'America's Next Top Model: College Edition' crowns Laura James winner" (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/america-next-top-model-college-edition-crowns-laura-james-winner-14104.php) . Reality TV World . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Exclusive Online Editorial: Leila GoldKuhl Gets Sun-Kissed - Galore" (https://galoremag.com/exclusive-online-editorial-leila-goldkuhl-gets-sun-kissed-danielle-defoe/) . Galore . 1 July 2014 . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Turner_Alleyne_2015_11-0) Turner, Lianne; Alleyne, Allyssia (2015-09-25). "How to really find the world's next top model" (http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/25/fashion/how-to-discover-the-next-top-model/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2016-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-Okwodu_2015_12-0) Okwodu, Janelle (2015-09-29). "Looks Like Tyra Was Right: Meet the (http://www.vogue.com/13354601/tyra-banks-top-model-alums-walking-fashion-week/) Top Model Alums Ruling Fashion Month" (http://www.vogue.com/13354601/tyra-banks-top-model-alums-walking-fashion-week/) . Vogue . Retrieved 2016-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Leila Goldkuhl - Advertising, Work by Year" (https://models.com/models/Leila-Goldkuhl/year/advertising) . models.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Leila Goldkuhl - Ads" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/leila_goldkuhl/ads/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Leila Goldkuhl - Shows, Work by Year" (https://models.com/models/Leila-Goldkuhl/year/shows) . models.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Leila Goldkuhl" (https://www.tag-walk.com/en/model/view/leila-goldkuhl) . www.tag-walk.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Leila Goldkuhl - Editorial, Work by Year" (https://models.com/models/Leila-Goldkuhl/year/editorial) . models.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Leila Goldkuhl - Editorials" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/leila_goldkuhl/editorials/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Rees, Alex (20 October 2015). "12 times "Top Model" actually found, you know, a top model" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/news/a47929/top-model-tyra-banks-successful-models/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Models.com's Top 50 Models" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/Top50/21196#21196) . models.com . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "I Am Success on Instagram: "A lucky fool and his amazing wife. Thanks to everyone who came out and made it such a special day. We love you all." (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BaR9BwgFHQt) " (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BaR9BwgFHQt) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BaR9BwgFHQt/) on 2021-12-24 . Retrieved 8 February 2018 . 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English fashion designer Phoebe English is an English (/wiki/English_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and head of her eponymous brand of women's wear and menswear. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life and education [ edit ] English grew up "100 metres away from Shakespeare (/wiki/Shakespeare) 's birth place in Stratford-upon-Avon (/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon) " and graduated from Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) in 2011 with an MA in fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Work [ edit ] During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , English joined with other fashion designers to provide medical clothing to London hospitals. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) She has received funding to work on more sustainable fashion, [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) and is one of the designers who supported a proposition to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference) (COP26) climate conference. [7] (#cite_note-7) She was one of the artists in the show 'Waste Age' at the Design Museum (/wiki/Design_Museum) in London, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) the timing of the show was set to coincide with the COP26 conference. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2016, English participated in the London Fashion Week Men (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) 's show and her shift into men's clothing was highlighted by The New York Times who noted she was one of five designers to watch that year. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2017, her work was presented in the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in the Raphael Gallery. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Her pieces are in the permanent collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) and the National Museum of Scotland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland) . [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2019 she presented her archive collections in miniature in the Morley College Gallery. [19] (#cite_note-19) Awards and honours [ edit ] In 2012, English received Vauxhall Fashion Scout's Merit Award to recognize her participation in the 'Ones to Watch' show. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) She was named to Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) in 2015. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2021, English was honored with the 'Leaders of Change' award from the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Spring 2018 Ready-to-Wear: Phoebe English (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-ready-to-wear/phoebe-english) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Spring 2018 Menswear: Phoebe English (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-menswear/phoebe-english) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) ^ (#cite_ref-3) How Ssense's Menswear Buyer Keeps Up with the Growing Interest in Men's Clothing (https://fashionista.com/2016/02/menswear-buyer) Maria Bobila, fashionista.com 1 February 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-4) 10 things you need to know about Phoebe English (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/evnvjp/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-phoebe-english) Tish Weinstock, Vice (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)) 6 February 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b Conti, Samantha (7 October 2021). "Phoebe English Secures Funding for Green Research and Development" (https://wwd.com/sustainability/innovation/phoebe-english-secures-funding-green-research-development-1234970021/) . WWD . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Petter, Olivia (2 January 2022). "Was 2021 the year we moved away from fast fashion?" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/fast-fashion-2021-sustainability-environment-b1981303.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/fast-fashion-2021-sustainability-environment-b1981303.html) from the original on 26 May 2022 . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Douglass, Rachel (2 November 2021). "Phoebe English among fashion signatories calling COP26 to climate action" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/phoebe-english-among-fashion-signatories-calling-cop26-to-climate-action/2021110258935) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Waste Age: What can design do? \| Exhibitions \| MutualArt" (https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Waste-Age--What-can-design-do-/BDE0C7DF70CFA9D8) . www.mutualart.com . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Heathcote, Edwin (26 October 2021). "Welcome to the Waste Age — making rubbish into art at the Design Museum" (https://www.ft.com/content/5a59f99c-e4d2-4772-bd35-fc99288ebbdf) . Financial Times . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Design Museum exhibition examines how design and circular economy can tackle waste" (https://resource.co/article/design-museum-exhibition-examines-how-design-and-circular-economy-can-tackle-waste) . Resource Magazine . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Paton, Elizabeth (9 June 2016). "5 to Watch at London Collections: Men" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/fashion/5-to-watch-at-london-collections-men.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Santamaria, Barbara (29 September 2017). "Phoebe English to stage Fashion in Motion show at V&A" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Phoebe-english-to-stage-fashion-in-motion-show-at-v-a,874666.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kinsella, Ana (20 October 2017). "Talking Puppets and Politics with Designer Phoebe English" (https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/10290/talking-puppets-and-politics-with-designer-phoebe-english) . AnOther . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Search Results \| V&A Explore the Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Museum, Victoria and Albert. "V&A Explore the Collection – Phoebe English" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?q=Phoebe%20English&page=1&page_size=15&id_person=AUTH350695) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Jacket" (https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/) . National Museums Scotland . 2020 . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Skirt" (https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/) . National Museums Scotland . 2020 . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Top" (https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/) . National Museums Scotland . 2020 . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Phoebe English: Inanimate, Animate" (https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Phoebe-English--Inanimate--Animate-/58C3EF0CFC2F5C49) . www.mutualart.com . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "VFS Merit Award goes to Phoebe English" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/news/vfs-merit-award-goes-to-phoebe-english) . ELLE . 19 December 2011 . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Finney, Elizabeth (27 August 2012). "The Name's English… Phoebe English" (https://www.theupcoming.co.uk/2012/08/27/the-names-english-phoebe-english/) . The Upcoming . Retrieved 14 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Phoebe English, 28, fashion designer (https://www.forbes.com/pictures/54f4e6ffda47a54de8244040/phoebe-english-28/) Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Murray, Daisy (30 November 2021). "We Speak To Three Of The Fashion Award's 'Leaders Of Change' (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a38375727/fashion-awards-2021-leaders-of-change-interviews/) " (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a38375727/fashion-awards-2021-leaders-of-change-interviews/) . ELLE . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . 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21st-century Italian socialite Bianca Brandolini d'Adda Full name Bianca Brandolini d'Adda dei conti di Valmareno Born ( 1987-06-25 ) 25 June 1987 (age 36) Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) Father Rodrigo Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda, Count of Valmareno Mother Princess Georgina de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny (/wiki/Georgina_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Occupation socialite, model, actress Education Institut du Marais–Charlemagne Pollès Donna (/wiki/Don_(honorific)) Bianca Brandolini d'Adda dei conti di Valmareno (born 25 June 1987) is an Italian model, actress and socialite (/wiki/Socialite) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and family [ edit ] Bianca Brandolini d'Adda was born in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) , to an ancient Venetian (/wiki/Republic_of_Venice) aristocratic (/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy) family. Her father is Rodrigo Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda, Count of Valmareno and her mother is Princess Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny (/wiki/Georgina_Brandolini_d%27Adda) , a French-Brazilian model who worked for Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) as an artistic muse. [2] (#cite_note-2) Through her father, she is a descendant of Empress Maria Theresa (/wiki/Maria_Theresa) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She has an older sister, Coco Brandolini d’Adda (/wiki/Coco_Brandolini_d%E2%80%99Adda) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Two of her family's ancestral palaces, the Palazzo Brandolin Rota (/wiki/Palazzo_Brandolin_Rota) and the Palazzo Morosini Brandolin (/wiki/Palazzo_Morosini_Brandolin) , are located on the Grand Canal (/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Venice)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Her paternal grandmother was Countess Cristiana Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Cristiana_Brandolini_d%27Adda) (née Agnelli (/wiki/Agnelli_family) ), sister of Fiat (/wiki/Fiat) chairman Gianni Agnelli (/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli) and daughter of Edoardo Agnelli (/wiki/Edoardo_Agnelli_(industrialist)) and Virginia Bourbon del Monte (/wiki/Virginia_Bourbon_del_Monte) (daughter of Carlo Bourbon del Monte, Prince di San Faustino). [6] (#cite_note-6) Her maternal grandfather was the French aristocrat Prince Jean-Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge and her maternal grandmother was Sylvia Régis de Oliveira, the only daughter of Raul Régis de Oliveira (/wiki/Raul_R%C3%A9gis_de_Oliveira) , a Brazilian diplomat who served as Brazil’s Ambassador to the United Kingdom (/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Brazil_to_the_United_Kingdom) from 1925 to 1939. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) She grew up between Paris, Venice, and Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) and received her education at the Institut du Marais–Charlemagne Pollès. She went on to study theatre at Studio Pygmalion in Paris. In 2005, she was presented to society (/wiki/Debutante) at le Bal des Débutantes (/wiki/Bal_des_d%C3%A9butantes) at the Hôtel de Crillon (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Crillon) in Paris. She was escorted by Antoine de Tavernost and wore a black and white Valentino gown. [11] (#cite_note-11) She was chosen to open the first waltz at the Crillon Ball with Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou (/wiki/Prince_Charles_Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Career [ edit ] In 2009, Brandolini d'Adda made her acting debut in the television film Aïcha , directed by Yamina Benguigui (/wiki/Yamina_Benguigui) . [13] (#cite_note-13) She was a spokes-model for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , becoming the face of their fashion brand in 2012. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) She co-designed a line of women's swimwear with Alexia Niedzielski for Oskar Metsavaht's fashion brand Osklen. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2014, she collaborated with Angelo Ruggeri, director of Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) , on a collection of women's shoes. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Personal life [ edit ] Brandolini d'Adda had been involved romantically with Agnelli heir Lapo Elkann (/wiki/Lapo_Elkann) , her second cousin. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) The couple had at one point been engaged, but later called off the relationship. [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Lapo Elkann innamorato, ritorno di fiamma con la cugina Bianca Brandolini D'Adda" (http://www.ilmessaggero.it/societa/persone/lapo_elkann_innamorato_ritorno_di_fiamma_la_cugina_bianca_brandolini_d_adda_8_novembre_2017-3353674.html) . Retrieved 2018-01-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "What do you do if you are a society heiress with time on your hands?" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/what-do-you-do-if-you-are-a-society-heiress-with-time-on-your-hands-6364777.html) . Evening Standard . 2011-11-04 . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Come vivere un'emozione da Coco: Intervista a Cornelia Brandolini d'Adda - Marieclaire" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180117070336/http://www.marieclaire.it/Attualita/interviste/Intervista-a-Cornelia-Brandolini-d-Adda-sorella-di-Bianca-cugina-di-Lapo-Elkann#1#1) . Archived from the original (http://www.marieclaire.it/Attualita/interviste/Intervista-a-Cornelia-Brandolini-d-Adda-sorella-di-Bianca-cugina-di-Lapo-Elkann#1) on 2018-01-17 . Retrieved 2018-01-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "What's on Your Design Wish List? Dolce & Gabbana's Coco Brandolini D'Adda Shares Her Most Sought-After Items" (http://www.vogue.com/article/coco-brandolini-dolce-gabbana-ultimate-shopping-list) . Vogue . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "It-Girl Brandolini: "Tattoos sind kein Schmuck" – derStandard.at" (https://derstandard.at/2000007773315/It-Girl-Brandolini-Tatoos-sind-kein-Schmuck) . Der Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Maza, Erik. "An Italian Socialite in Texas" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/bianca-brandolini-d-adda-dallas-texas-nordstrom-fashion) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "DESCENDÊNCIA MARQUES DE OLINDA - Nossos Roteiros" (https://www.nossosroteiros.com.br/descendencia-do-marques-de-olinda/) (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2011-04-01 . Retrieved 2024-01-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Ambassador Raul Régis de Oliveira biography at CPDOC/FGV's website (http://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/OLIVEIRA,%20Raul%20R%C3%A9gis%20de.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "A condessa que está despejando João Gilberto \| GGN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160311152945/http://jornalggn.com.br/blog/luisnassif/a-condessa-que-esta-despejando-joao-gilberto#) . Archived from the original (https://jornalggn.com.br/blog/luisnassif/a-condessa-que-esta-despejando-joao-gilberto#) on 2016-03-11 . Retrieved 2018-01-09 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Brandolinis' Bahian Rhapsody" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/brandolinis) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Paillettes et jeunes filles en fleur au bal des débutantes" (http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-et-spectacles/paillettes-et-jeunes-filles-en-fleur-au-bal-des-debutantes-27-11-2005-2006511089.php) . leparisien.fr . 2017-02-12 . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Social Diary 1/4/06 – Social Safari in Paris, France" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190124202251/http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/legacy/socialdiary/2005/01_04_06/socialdiary01_04_06.php) . newyorksocialdiary.com . Archived from the original (http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/legacy/socialdiary/2005/01_04_06/socialdiary01_04_06.php) on 2019-01-24 . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Bianca Brandolini d'Adda" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164428/http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-list/thevoguelist/bianca-brandolini-dadda/1139) . Vogue English . Archived from the original (http://en.vogue.fr/vogue-list/thevoguelist/bianca-brandolini-dadda/1139) on 2017-02-12 . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Garnett, Daisy. "Bianca Brandolini d'Adda Rocks Out" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/bianca-brandolini-dadda-amsterdam-sauer) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Inc, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2013-03-01). Britannica Book of the Year 2013 . Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781625131034 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Beauty Moment: Getting Ready for the Dolce & Gabbana Show withBianca Brandolini d'Adda" (http://www.vogue.com/article/beauty-moment-getting-ready-for-the-dolce-gabbana-show-with-bianca-brandolini-dadda) . Vogue . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Nelson, Karin. "Blame It on Rio" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/osklen-alexia-niedzielski-bianca-brandolini-dadda) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Nelson, Karin. "The Perfect Pair" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/sergio-rossi-bianca-brandolini-dadda) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sidell, Misty White (2015-02-26). "Sergio Rossi Enlists Bianca Brandolini d'Adda for Fall Collection" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/sergio-rossi-enlists-bianca-brandolini-dadda-for-fall-collection-8233734/) . WWD . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Halbert, Mosha Lundstrom (2016-01-08). "Sergio Rossi Unveils Spring '16 Ad Campaign With Bianca Brandolini D'Adda" (http://footwearnews.com/2016/business/media/sergio-rossi-shoes-spring-2016-ad-campaign-bianca-brandolini-dadda-photos-182261/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Lapo Elkann and the Israeli Actress Moran Atias Have Become More Than Just Good Friends" (http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2013/12/27/lapo-elkann-and-the-israeli-actress-moran-atias-have-become-more-than-just-good-friends/) . Jewish Business News . 2013-12-27 . Retrieved 2017-02-12 . 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American costume designer (1932–2021) Peggy Farrell Born ( 1932-06-02 ) June 2, 1932 New York, U.S. Died August 29, 2021 (2021-08-29) (aged 89) Occupation Costume designer Years active 1971–2006 Children 2 [1] (#cite_note-a-1) Peggy Farrell (June 2, 1932 – August 29, 2021) was an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . She was a winner of two Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Born in New York, [1] (#cite_note-a-1) Farrell began her career in 1971, when she designed costumes for the film Taking Off (/wiki/Taking_Off_(film)) . Her other credits include Dog Day Afternoon (/wiki/Dog_Day_Afternoon) , Gloria (/wiki/Gloria_(1980_film)) , Next Stop, Greenwich Village (/wiki/Next_Stop,_Greenwich_Village) , Desperate Characters (/wiki/Desperate_Characters_(film)) , They All Laughed (/wiki/They_All_Laughed) , The Stepford Wives (/wiki/The_Stepford_Wives_(1975_film)) , The Hot Rock (/wiki/The_Hot_Rock_(film)) and The Front (/wiki/The_Front) . Farrell retired in 2006, and later sold her collection of costumes. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2018, she won a Lela Thompson Award for Enduring Contribution. [4] (#cite_note-4) Farrell died in August 2021, at the age of 89. [1] (#cite_note-a-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Staton, John (August 31, 2021). "Emmy-winning Wilmington costumer Peggy Farrell, known for her attention to detail, dies" (https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2021/08/31/emmy-winning-wilmington-nc-costume-designer-peggy-farrell-dies-age-89/5650772001/) . Wilmington Star-News (/wiki/Star-News) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Peggy Farrell" (https://www.emmys.com/bios/peggy-farrell) . Television Academy (/wiki/Academy_of_Television_Arts_%26_Sciences) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bayley, Catherine (June 15, 2006). "No More Playing Dress Up" (https://www.starnewsonline.com/news/20060615/no-more-playing-dress-up) . Wilmington Star-News (/wiki/Star-News) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Staton, John (March 2, 2018). " (https://www.starnewsonline.com/news/20180302/role-model-beyond-compare-costumer-peggy-farrell-to-be-honored-at-wilmington-theater-awards) 'Role model beyond compare': Costumer Peggy Farrell to be honored at Wilmington Theater Awards" (https://www.starnewsonline.com/news/20180302/role-model-beyond-compare-costumer-peggy-farrell-to-be-honored-at-wilmington-theater-awards) . Wilmington Star-News (/wiki/Star-News) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . External links [ edit ] Peggy Farrell (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0268308/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) This biographical article related to cinema of the United States is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Style of historical bobbin lace developed in Milan Fragment of Milanese bobbin lace, dating from the 17th century Milano, bobina di pizzo per balza da camice, in punto di milano, 1650-1700 ca. 02 Milanese bobbin lace is a textile used as a fashion accessory or a decorative trim, first becoming popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . Lacemaking was an important economic activity in Northern Italy, besides touching on social status matters as well as being a culturally significant art form. [1] (#cite_note-ThreadsOfPower-1) The earliest versions of the lace consisted of the tape (or braid) mostly filling the space. [2] (#cite_note-2) Typical characteristics of Milanese bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) are scrolls made with curving clothwork tapes and floral motifs, and sometimes also consisting of human or animal figures. [3] (#cite_note-3) Sometimes needle lace techniques were combined with the bobbin lace pieces to create the final product. [1] (#cite_note-ThreadsOfPower-1) The lace eventually was made in parts, and joined by bridges or filled in with mesh grounds between existing pattern motifs. [4] (#cite_note-Levey-4) Novel ornamental features such as small beads affixed for eyes are sometimes found, as well as folded tallies and wheatears that add dimension to figures or edges. [5] (#cite_note-Kurella1-5) Use of the lace in Ecclesiastical settings (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) such as altar cloths and vestments [6] (#cite_note-6) likely represented Church support of the regional lacemaking (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . [4] (#cite_note-Levey-4) Examples of chalice cloths display the lace as edging, for example. [7] (#cite_note-7) Additionally, larger flounces (/wiki/Flounce_(fabric)) might relay Biblical tales such as the example of the Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) story of Joseph (/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)) , with many human, animal, and even astronomical motifs. [8] (#cite_note-8) Fashion uses, such as collars and cuffs, have also been documented. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Commissions of lace by wealthy patrons for weddings or other notable occasions might include family coat-of-arms (/wiki/Coat-of-arms) displayed in the lace. [11] (#cite_note-11) After the early Milanese laces from Milan developed, using less refined linen threads, a tape or braid style lace also arose in Flanders in the 17th century. The Flemish lace had much similarity to the Italian version, but typically worked with finer flax thread. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the styles, and today they are considered to be under the Milanese name in a generic way. [12] (#cite_note-12) Lacemaking has continued through the centuries, adapting to later fashion styles and other influences. [13] (#cite_note-13) The original styles are said to have influenced the tape laces of eastern European styles such as Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) , Hungarian, and Slovak (/wiki/Idrija_lace) laces. [14] (#cite_note-14) Milanese lace continues to be made today with nods to historical tapes and other motifs but with new artistic formats such as the work of Louise Colgan [15] (#cite_note-15) and colorways reminiscent of watercolors by Sandi Woods (https://www.sandiwoods.com/) . Although there may be controversy over the use of color, patterns relying on thread color are available. [16] (#cite_note-16) Instructional pattern books make the recreation of the traditional laces possible for lacemakers today, as well as expanding the range into contemporary styles. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Other textile artists also expand the fiber choices and colors with larger patterns and designs. [19] (#cite_note-19) Gallery [ edit ] 18th century Milanese lace depicting biblical story of Joseph Bobbin Lace (Bride Ground) Border 504.1915.c (detail) Bobbin Lace (Bride Ground) Border 504.1915.c Fragment of Milanese bobbin lace, dating from the 18th century Chalice Veil - Cleveland Museum of Art Wide edging lace, Italy, Milan, 17th century, HAA Insertion MET DP5481 49.32.19 Strip MET DP16313 09.68.197 Manifattura canturina, tovaglie da the, 1925-50 ca. 02 Giacomo Ceruti - Women Working on Pillow Lace (The Sewing School) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hohti, Paula (2022). " "Monstrous Ruffs" and Elegant Trimmings: Lace and Lacemaking in Early Modern Italy". In Cormack, Emma; Majer, Michele (eds.). Threads of Power : Lace from the Textilmuseum St. Gallen (1 ed.). New York: Bard Graduate Center. pp. 70–73. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300263497 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze gestern und heute = Milanese lace : yesterday and today . Inh. Dagmar Jenkel e.K. Barbara Fay Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung. Gammelby. p. 8. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-925184-16-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 989775056 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/989775056) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Earnshaw, Pat (1982). A Dictionary of Lace . Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK: Shire Publications. p. 111. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780852636022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Levey, Santina M. (1983). Lace : A History . [London]. p. 34. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0901286154 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Kurella1_5-0) Kurella, Elizabeth M. (1998). Guide to Lace and Linens . Dubuque, Iowa: Antique Trader Books. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0930625894 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Alb Apparel \| V&A Explore The Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O318625/alb-apparel/) . Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Chalice Veil" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.994) . Cleveland Museum of Art . 31 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Bobbin Lace Flounce: Punto di Milano" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.997) . Cleveland Museum of Art . 30 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Anonymous (2018-10-31). "Bobbin Lace Collar" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1920.1277) . Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Anonymous (2018-10-31). "Bobbin Lace Cuff" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1936.88) . Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bullock, Alice-May (1981). Lace and Lace Making . New York, N.Y.: Larousse. p. 135. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0883322617 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze gestern und heute = Milanese lace : yesterday and today . Inh. Dagmar Jenkel e.K. Barbara Fay Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung. Gammelby. pp. 8–10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-925184-16-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 989775056 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/989775056) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Earnshaw, Pat (1980). The Identification of Lace . Aylesbury, Eng.: Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780852634844 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kurella, Elizabeth M. (2006). Guide to Lace and Linens . Dubuque, Iowa: Antique Trader Books. p. 172. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0930625897 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Colgan, Louise. "Colgan Lace Studio" (https://colganlacestudio.com/) . Colgan Lace Studio . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Read, Patricia (1994). New braid and designs in Milanese lace . Internet Archive. London : B.T. Batsford. pp. 110–130. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7134-7192-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Read, Patricia (2004). 50 Milanese lace patterns . London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0713489163 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze Gestern und Heute = Milanese lace : Yesterday and Today . Gammelby. pp. 177–234. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3925184161 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Mirecki, Christine (2009). Mailänder Spitze modern interpretiert . C. Mirecki. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1258361284 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1258361284) . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6rgm4 Cached time: 20240720230525 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.379 seconds Real time usage: 0.491 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1213/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58036/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 688/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88624/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.247/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5072084/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milanese_bobbin_lace&oldid=1152278153 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milanese_bobbin_lace&oldid=1152278153) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lace (/wiki/Category:Lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Milan (/wiki/Category:Milan) Textiles (/wiki/Category:Textiles) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
A vent is a vertical slit rising from the bottom hem of a jacket (/wiki/Jacket) or a skirt (/wiki/Skirt) , generally to allow for ease of movement. [1] (#cite_note-BespokeOptions-1) In the case of jackets, vents were originally a sporting option, designed to make riding easier, so are traditional on hacking jackets, formal coats such as a morning coat (/wiki/Morning_coat) , and, for reasons of pragmatism, overcoats. Today there are three styles of vent: the single-vented style (with one vent, either directly at the center or roughly 3 cm to the right); the ventless style; and the double-vented style (one vent on each side). Vents are convenient, particularly when using a pocket or sitting down, to improve the hang of the jacket, [2] (#cite_note-2) so are now used on most jackets. Ventless jackets are associated with Italian tailoring, while the double-vented style is typically British. (This is not the case with all types of jackets. For instance, dinner jackets (/wiki/Dinner_jacket) traditionally take no vents.) On skirts, vents are particularly associated with pencil skirts (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) where they may be necessary for free movement, but they may also be added for reasons of style, as they have the effect of exposing more of the legs. The most common style is a single vent of a suitable length at the back of the skirt, but they may be located anywhere. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-BespokeOptions_1-0) Bookster, a manufacturer of tweed jackets, has illustrations of various features of jackets: "Jacket options" (http://www.tweed-jacket.com/GALLERY%20PAGE/Bespoke%20Options/index.htm) . Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Antongiavanni (2006). p. 172 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐vtbqm Cached time: 20240718222939 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.138 seconds Real time usage: 0.156 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 52/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1127/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3816/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.103/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2413262/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 141.274 1 Template:Cite_web 100.00% 141.274 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22267358-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718222939 and revision id 885167022. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vent_(tailoring)&oldid=885167022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vent_(tailoring)&oldid=885167022) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Parts of clothing (/wiki/Category:Parts_of_clothing)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐5qrj5 Cached time: 20240711054907 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61762147-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711054907 and revision id 920616071. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing retailers of Iceland" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Aurora Fashions (/wiki/Aurora_Fashions) M Mosaic Fashions (/wiki/Mosaic_Fashions) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Iceland&oldid=920616071 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Iceland&oldid=920616071) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing retailers by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_by_country) Clothing companies of Iceland (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Iceland) Retail companies of Iceland (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_Iceland)
Any item of clothing made from a length of cloth wrapped, folded, pinned, or tied around the body Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) in draped clothing. A draped garment (draped dress) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) is a garment (/wiki/Clothing) that is made of a single piece of cloth (/wiki/Cloth) that is draped around the body; drapes are not cut away or stitched as in a tailored (/wiki/Tailor) garment. Drapes can be held to the body by means of knotting (/wiki/Knot) , pinning (/wiki/Pin) , fibulae (/wiki/Fibulae_and_ancient_brooches) , clasps (/wiki/Wrist_clasp) , sashes (/wiki/Sash) , belts (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) , tying drawstrings (/wiki/Drawstring) , or just plain friction (/wiki/Friction) and gravity alone. Many draped garments consist of only one single piece. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) An advanced form of the garment is the tailored (/wiki/Tailor) dress , which is constructed from fabric that has been cut into pieces and stitched together to fit various parts of the body. In comparison to draped dresses, they are more fitted to the body. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) History [ edit ] Draping is a most ancient and widespread form of clothing. Many visual arts of the Romans (/wiki/Roman_art) and Indian sculptures (/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) , terracottas (/wiki/Terracotta) , cave paintings (/wiki/Cave_painting) , and wood carvings (/wiki/Wood_carving) (also shown in picture gallery) representing men and women show the same, unstitched clothes with various wrapping and draping styles. Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) , and Antariya (/wiki/Antariya) are few evident clothing items of draped garments from the Vedic period (/wiki/Vedic_period) . Kasaya (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)) , another rectangular piece of the Buddhist robe, is a real example of the draped garment. Further evolved forms are Sari, and Odhni, etc. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The kāṣāya (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)) , also called jiāshā ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袈裟), consists of three pieces, with the saṃghāti (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)#Saṃghāti) as the most visible part of the buddhist attire. It is worn over the upper robe ( uttarāsaṅga ). Uttarāsaṅga (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)#Uttarāsaṅga) is a robe covering the upper body [9] (#cite_note-9) that comes over the undergarment, or antarvāsa . The antarvāsa (/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)#Antarvāsa_(Antaravāsaka)) is the inner robe covering the lower body. The latter are covered with saṃghāti . [10] (#cite_note-10) Examples [ edit ] More examples of draped clothing are: Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) an upper body garment. Adivasah (/wiki/Adivasah) is a loose-fitting outer garment, it is a type of over garment (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) similar to a mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) or cloak (/wiki/Cloak) . Antariya (/wiki/Antariya) a lower body garment. Angvastra (/wiki/Angvastra) a kind of stole. Various kind of headdresses (/wiki/Turban) for the protection and adornment of the head. Stanapatta (/wiki/Stanapatta) a chest band to cover the breasts. Sari (/wiki/Sari) is a draped garment of south Asia, typically wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder, partly baring the midriff (/wiki/Midriff) . Traditional kilts (/wiki/Kilt) and belted plaids (/wiki/Belted_plaid) . Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Long draped garment worn by women of Ancient Greece; often open on one side, with a deep fold at the top, and fastened on both shoulders. Palla (garment) (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) a long rectangular piece of cloth, folded in half lengthwise and used as a cloak by Roman women. Chitons (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Loincloths (/wiki/Loincloth) Togas (/wiki/Toga) a very long length of woolen fabric that Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) wrapped around themselves, draping it over the left shoulder and arm and leaving the right arm free. Himation (/wiki/Himation) an ancient Greek garment similar to the Roman toga. Stolas (/wiki/Stola) long full robe with or without sleeves and drawn in with a belt; it was worn by Roman women, corresponding to the toga (/wiki/Toga) , that was worn by men. The stola was usually woollen. Sarongs (/wiki/Sarong) or lungis (/wiki/Lungi) Sudanese thawb (/wiki/Thawb#Sudan) : Women's outer draped garment, a rectangular length of fabric, generally two meters wide and four to seven meters long. Pareos (/wiki/Pareo) Pongyis (/wiki/Longyi) Dhotis (/wiki/Dhoti) Ponchos (/wiki/Poncho) Cloaks (/wiki/Cloak) Shawls (/wiki/Shawl) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Veshti (/wiki/Veshti) a cloth wrap for the lower body in the Southern India. Matchcoats (/wiki/Matchcoat) , a Native American (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeastern_Woodlands) garment similar to the ancient Greek himation (/wiki/Himation) . Picture gallery [ edit ] Shaktism is a Goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. Relief statues of Vaishnavi (/wiki/Vaishnavi_(Matrika_goddess)) , Varahi (/wiki/Varahi) , Indrani (/wiki/Indrani) and Chamunda (/wiki/Chamunda) In Shakta theology, the female and male are interdependent realities, represented with Ardhanarishvara (/wiki/Ardhanarishvara) icon. Left: A 5th century art work representing this idea at the Elephanta Caves (/wiki/Elephanta_Caves) ; Right: a painting of Ardhanarishvara. Yakshini wearing dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) wrap and elaborate necklace, Mauryan period. The "Mehrauli Yakshi", dated to 150 BCE, Mathura. Mudgarpani Yaksha (/wiki/Mudgarpani) , 100 BCE. Parkham Yaksha (/wiki/Parkham_Yaksha) , 150 BCE. Females statues wearing drapes are depicted at Dashavatara Temple (/wiki/Dashavatara_Temple,_Deogarh) . Relief depicting men in antriya (/wiki/Antriya) and uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) , 1st century CE. Hindush (/wiki/Hindush) soldier, circa 480 BCE. He wears a Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) and a turban. Tomb of Xerxes I (/wiki/Xerxes_I) . Male and female statues wearing drapes at Nachna Hindu temples (/wiki/Nachna_Hindu_temples) . So-called “ Mattei Athena (/wiki/Mattei_Athena) ”. Marble, Roman copy from the 1st century BC/AD after a Greek original of the 4th century BC, attributed to Cephisodotos or Euphranor. Related to the bronze Piraeus Athena. (/wiki/Piraeus_Athena) Relief of Athena and Nike (/wiki/Nike_(mythology)) slaying the Gigante Alkyoneus (/wiki/Alcyoneus) (?) from the Gigantomachy Frieze on the Pergamon Altar (/wiki/Pergamon_Altar) (early second century BC) A new peplos (/wiki/Peplos) was woven for the patron of craft and weaving (/wiki/Athena) and ceremonially brought to dress her cult image (/wiki/Cult_image) ( British Museum (/wiki/British_Museum) ). The Orator (/wiki/The_Orator) , c. 100 BC, an Etrusco-Roman bronze statue depicting Aule Metele (Latin: Aulus Metellus), an Etruscan man wearing a Roman toga (/wiki/Toga) while engaged in rhetoric (/wiki/Rhetoric) ; the statue features an inscription in the Etruscan alphabet (/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet) Roman marble torso from the 1st century AD, showing a woman's clothing The goddess Diana (/wiki/Diana_(mythology)) hunting in the forest with a bow, and wearing the high-laced open "Hellenistic shoe-boots" associated with deities, and some images of very high status Romans. From a fresco in the Via Livenza Hypogeum, Rome, c. 350 AD A maenad (/wiki/Maenad) wearing a silk (/wiki/Silk) gown, a Roman fresco from the Casa del Naviglio (/w/index.php?title=Casa_del_Naviglio&action=edit&redlink=1) in Pompeii (/wiki/Pompeii) , 1st century AD Uttariya and Antriya both are visible. A Mathura standing Buddha in "Samghati" monastic dress, circa 2nd century CE, Mathura Museum (/wiki/Mathura_Museum) The Buddha in checkered monastic dress in the "Subjugation of Nalagiri", Bhutesvara Yakshis (/wiki/Bhutesvara_Yakshis) , 2nd century CE, Mathura. "Buddha Refuses Anupama", late Kushan Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (/wiki/Avalokitesvara) holding lotus flower Naigamesha (/wiki/Naigamesha) Jain god of Childbirth, 1st-3rd century CE. Present day use [ edit ] Haute couture [ edit ] Wrapped and draped dresses continue to inspire many fashion designers. Madame Grès (/wiki/Madame_Gr%C3%A8s) was a well-known French couturier known for her draping art. Her most notable work are so-called floor-length draped Grecian goddess gowns. [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] Drapery (/wiki/Drapery) Piece goods (/wiki/Piece_goods) Poshak (/wiki/Poshak) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing) Clothing in ancient Rome (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) Modesty (/wiki/Modesty) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Tortora, Phyllis G. (1998). Survey of historic costume : a history of Western dress . Internet Archive. New York : Fairchild Publications. p. 2. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-56367-142-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Priest; Faiola-Priest, Theodora (1990). Guide to Clothing . McGraw-Hill School Division. p. 55. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-07-050943-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Beck, Astrid B. (1995). Fortunate the Eyes that See: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Seventieth Birthday . William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 534, 540. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8028-0790-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tripathi, Ratikanta (1987). Social and Religious Aspects in Bengal Inscriptions . Firma KLM. p. 98. ^ (#cite_ref-:1_5-0) Biswas, A. (2017-09-15). Indian Costumes . Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-230-2564-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_6-0) "The history of sari: The nine yard wonder - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/the-history-of-sari-the-nine-yard-wonder/articleshow/70277974.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kumar, Ritu (2006). Costumes and Textiles of Royal India . Antique Collectors' Club. pp. 14, 16. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85149-509-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Besancenot, Jean (1990). Costumes of Morocco . Kegan Paul International. p. 198. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7103-0359-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (2014-11-06). Buddhism, In its Connexion With Brahmanism and Hinduism, and In Its Contrast with Christianity . New York: Macmillan And Co. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rienjang, Wannaporn; Stewart, Peter (2020-09-02). The Global Connections of Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019 . Classical Art Research Centre. p. 171. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78969-696-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Menkes, Suzy (2011-04-18). "Madame Grès as Sculptor" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/19/fashion/19iht-fgres19.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-06-15 . v t e Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) of clothing and fashion History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Ancient (/wiki/Clothing_in_the_ancient_world) Prehistory of nakedness and clothing (/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing) China (/wiki/Popular_fashion_in_ancient_China) Han Chinese (/wiki/Hanfu) Shu (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu) Egyptian (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Egypt) Inuit (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Biblical (/wiki/Biblical_clothing) Greek (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece) Roman (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) Thracian (/wiki/Thracian_clothing) Middle Ages Anglo-Saxon (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_dress) Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_dress) Chinese Liao (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Liao_dynasty) Jurchen Jin (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Jurchen_Jin_dynasty) Yuan (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Yuan_dynasty) Western Xia (/wiki/Fashion_in_Western_Xia) English (/wiki/English_medieval_clothing) Europe 400s–1000s (/wiki/Early_medieval_European_dress) 1100s (/wiki/1100%E2%80%931200_in_European_fashion) 1200s (/wiki/1200%E2%80%931300_in_European_fashion) 1300s (/wiki/1300%E2%80%931400_in_European_fashion) 1400s (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_European_fashion) Korean (/wiki/Hanbok#History) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_clothing) Tocharian (/wiki/Tocharian_clothing) Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing#Lý_dynasty_to_Trần_dynasty_(1009–1400)) 1500s–1820s Western fashion 1500–1550 (/wiki/1500%E2%80%931550_in_European_fashion) 1550–1600 (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_European_fashion) 1600–1650 (/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_fashion) 1650–1700 (/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_fashion) 1700–1750 (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) 1750–1775 (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931775_in_Western_fashion) 1775–1795 (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) 1795–1820 (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion) Directoire style (/wiki/Directoire_style) 1820s (/wiki/1820s_in_Western_fashion) 1830s–1910s Western fashion Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) 1830s (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) 1840s (/wiki/1840s_in_Western_fashion) 1850s (/wiki/1850s_in_Western_fashion) 1860s (/wiki/1860s_in_Western_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/1870s_in_Western_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/1880s_in_Western_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/1890s_in_Western_fashion) Edwardian (/wiki/Edwardian_era#Fashion) 1900s (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) 1910s (/wiki/1910s_in_Western_fashion) 1920s–1950s Western fashion Suffrage Movement period (/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_and_Western_women%27s_fashion_through_the_early_20th_century) 1920s (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) 1930–1945 (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) 1945–1960 (/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_Western_fashion) 1960s-1990s fashion 1960s (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) 1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) 2000–present fashion 2000s (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) 2010s (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) 2020s (/wiki/2020s_in_fashion) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) By country and region Indian subcontinent (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Italy (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing#History) Meiji (/wiki/Japanese_clothing_during_the_Meiji_period) Thailand (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Western world (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) By clothing Bikini (/wiki/History_of_the_bikini) Corset (/wiki/History_of_corsets) Hide (/wiki/History_of_hide_materials) Swimwear (/wiki/History_of_swimwear) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Top Bra (/wiki/Bra) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Bottom Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Training pants (/wiki/Training_pants) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) safari (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)) Lab coat (/wiki/White_coat) Parka (/wiki/Parka) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume (/wiki/Costume) creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) Environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Fur clothing (/wiki/Fur_clothing) types (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur) Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Laws (/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Textile arts (/wiki/Textile_arts) Fundamentals Appliqué (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) Beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) Crochet (/wiki/Crochet) Dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Felting (/wiki/Felt) Fiber (/wiki/Fiber) Knitting (/wiki/Knitting) Lace (/wiki/Lace) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Nålebinding (/wiki/N%C3%A5lebinding) Needlework (/wiki/Needlework) Patchwork (/wiki/Patchwork) Passementerie (/wiki/Passementerie) Plying (/wiki/Plying) Quilting (/wiki/Quilting) Rope (/wiki/Rope) Rug making (/wiki/Rug_making) Sewing (/wiki/Sewing) Spinning (/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)) Stitch (/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)) Textile printing (/wiki/Textile_printing) Weaving (/wiki/Weaving) Yarn (/wiki/Yarn) History of ... Byzantine silk (/wiki/Byzantine_silk) Clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Silk (/wiki/History_of_silk) Quilting (/wiki/History_of_quilting) Silk in the Indian subcontinent (/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing_by_pre-industrial_methods) Textiles in the British Industrial Revolution (/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution) Timeline of textile technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Regional and ethnic African (/wiki/African_textiles) Kongo (/wiki/Kongo_textiles) Kuba (/wiki/Kuba_textiles) Australian Aboriginal (/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_fibrecraft) Hmong (/wiki/Hmong_textile_art) Burmese Acheik (/wiki/Acheik) Indonesian Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Indigenous peoples of the Americas (/wiki/Textile_arts_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) Andean (/wiki/Andean_textiles) Mapuche (/wiki/Mapuche_textiles) Maya (/wiki/Maya_textiles) Mexican (/wiki/Textiles_of_Mexico) Navajo (/wiki/Navajo_weaving) Oaxacan (/wiki/Textiles_of_Oaxaca) Korean (/wiki/Korean_fabric_arts) Māori (/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles) Related Blocking (/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)) Fiber art (/wiki/Fiber_art) Mathematics and fiber arts (/wiki/Mathematics_and_fiber_arts) Manufacturing (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) Preservation (/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles) Recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Textile industry (/wiki/Textile_industry) Textile museums (/wiki/Category:Textile_museums) Units of measurement (/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement) Wearable fiber art (/wiki/Wearable_art#Wearable_fiber_art) Glossaries Dyeing terms (/wiki/Glossary_of_dyeing_terms) Sewing terms (/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms) Textile manufacturing terms (/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Prehistoric technology (/wiki/Prehistoric_technology) Prehistory (/wiki/Prehistory) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory) Outline (/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology) Stone Age (/wiki/Stone_Age) Subdivisions (/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions) New Stone Age (/wiki/Neolithic) Technology (/wiki/Technology) history (/wiki/History_of_technology) Glossary (/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology) Tools (/wiki/Lithic_technology) Farming (/wiki/History_of_agriculture) Neolithic Revolution (/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution) Founder crops (/wiki/Founder_crops) New World crops (/wiki/New_World_crops) Ard / plough (/wiki/Ard_(plough)) Celt (/wiki/Celt_(tool)) Digging stick (/wiki/Digging_stick) Domestication (/wiki/Domestication) Goad (/wiki/Goad) Irrigation (/wiki/Irrigation) Secondary products (/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution) Sickle (/wiki/Sickle) Terracing (/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)) Food processing Fire (/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans) Basket (/wiki/Basket) Cooking (/wiki/Cooking) Earth oven (/wiki/Earth_oven) Granaries (/wiki/Granary) Grinding slab (/wiki/Grinding_slab) Ground stone (/wiki/Ground_stone) Hearth (/wiki/Hearth) Aşıklı Höyük (/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths) Qesem cave (/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire) Manos (/wiki/Mano_(stone)) Metate (/wiki/Metate) Mortar and pestle (/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle) Pottery (/wiki/Pottery) Quern-stone (/wiki/Quern-stone) Storage pits (/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits) Hunting (/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis) Arrow (/wiki/Arrow) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang) throwing stick (/wiki/Throwing_stick) Bow and arrow (/wiki/Bow_and_arrow) history (/wiki/History_of_archery) Nets (/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting) Spear (/wiki/Spear) spear-thrower (/wiki/Spear-thrower) baton (/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)) harpoon (/wiki/Harpoon) Schöningen (/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears) woomera (/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)) Projectile points (/wiki/Projectile_point) Arrowhead (/wiki/Arrowhead) Transverse (/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead) Bare Island (/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point) Cascade 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(/wiki/Lithic_analysis) debitage (/wiki/Debitage) flake (/wiki/Lithic_flake) Lithic technology (/wiki/Lithic_technology) Magdalenian culture (/wiki/Magdalenian) Metallurgy (/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy) Microblade technology (/wiki/Microblade_technology) Mining (/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves) Prepared-core technique (/wiki/Prepared-core_technique) Solutrean industry (/wiki/Solutrean) Striking platform (/wiki/Striking_platform) Tool stone (/wiki/Tool_stone) Uniface (/wiki/Uniface) Yubetsu technique (/wiki/Yubetsu_technique) Other tools (/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)) Adze (/wiki/Adze) Awl (/wiki/Stitching_awl) bone (/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains) Axe (/wiki/Axe) Bannerstone (/wiki/Bannerstone) Blade (/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)) prismatic (/wiki/Prismatic_blade) Bone tool (/wiki/Bone_tool) Bow drill (/wiki/Bow_drill) Burin (/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)) Canoe (/wiki/Canoe#History) Oar (/wiki/Oar) Pesse canoe (/wiki/Pesse_canoe) Chopper (/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)) tool (/wiki/Chopping_tool) 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Prehistoric medicine (/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine) trepanning (/wiki/Trepanning) Prehistoric music (/wiki/Prehistoric_music) Alligator drum (/wiki/Alligator_drum) flutes (/wiki/Paleolithic_flute) Divje Babe flute (/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute) gudi (/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)) Prehistoric warfare (/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare) Symbols (/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter) symbolism (/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) 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(/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_Cap) Nemes (/wiki/Nemes) Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) External links [ edit ] Institute of Draped Clothes (https://web.archive.org/web/20021130004917/http://www.idcw.org.uk/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐25jhp Cached time: 20240712162906 Cache 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Pittsburgh Fashion Week Frequency Annual Location(s) Pittsburgh (/wiki/Pittsburgh) , Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) Inaugurated 2010 Website www (http://www.pittsburghfashionweek.com) .pittsburghfashionweek (http://www.pittsburghfashionweek.com) .com (http://www.pittsburghfashionweek.com) Pittsburgh Fashion Week is an annual fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in Pittsburgh (/wiki/Pittsburgh) , Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) . Pittsburgh model Miyoshi Anderson, created the event to help highlight the fashion industry in Pittsburgh, which had been struggling with the closure of several major department stores. [1] (#cite_note-close-1) The first Pittsburgh Fashion Week was held in 2010, with events held in Heinz History Center (/wiki/Heinz_History_Center) and the Omni William Penn Hotel (/wiki/Omni_William_Penn_Hotel) . [1] (#cite_note-close-1) The inaugural class of the Pittsburgh Fashion Hall of Fame was selected that week. [2] (#cite_note-2) The second event, in 2011, was held shortly after GQ (/wiki/GQ) named Pittsburgh the third worst-dressed city, a distinction participants disputed. [3] (#cite_note-3) The third Fashion Week had a theme of "ecologically friendly fashion." [4] (#cite_note-4) One event focused exclusively on men's fashion. [5] (#cite_note-5) Local celebrities modeled some fashion. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Organizers plan on producing a fourth event in 2013. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Frizzi, Ginny (September 30, 2010). "Pittsburgh's READY FOR ITS CLOSE-UP" (http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/lifestyles/fanfare/magazine/s_702064.html) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (October 4, 2010). "Runways closed, Pittsburgh Fashion Week wraps up in style" (http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/lifestyles/fashion/s_702646.html) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (October 3, 2011). "Second Pittsburgh Fashion Week wraps up with plenty of sparkle" (http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/lifestyles/fashion/s_759867.html) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (September 20, 2012). "Pittsburgh Fashion Week to focus on eco design" (http://triblive.com/lifestyles/fashion/2426641-74/fashion-pittsburgh-eco-week-stewart-says-designer-friendly-margaret-mary) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (September 25, 2012). "Pittsburgh Fashion Week proves it's a man's world" (http://triblive.com/lifestyles/fashion/2640651-74/fashion-models-verdette-anderson-brown-custom-fitting-pittsburgh-runway-stockey) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bauknecht, Sara (September 25, 2012). "WhoWHATWhereWhy: Pittsburgh Fashion Week is underway" (http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/life/fashion/whowhatwherewhy-pittsburgh-fashion-week-is-underway-654790/) . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (September 29, 2012). "Pittsburgh Fashion Week: Runway show marathon caps off week" (http://triblive.com/lifestyles/fashion/2640664-74/fashion-says-week-denim-clothing-claytor-shows-brown-designer-designs) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Klimovich Harrop, JoAnne (September 30, 2012). "Fashion Week organizer turns focus to next year" (http://triblive.com/lifestyles/fashion/2638958-74/fashion-brown-week-event-runway-anderson-carly-clothiers-corey-cousins) . Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review) . JoAnne Klimovich Harrop. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bauknecht, Sara (October 2, 2012). "Stylebook: Pittsburgh Fashion Week intends to build on this year's success" (http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/life/fashion/stylebook-fashion-week-intends-to-build-on-this-years-success-655763/) . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette) . v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami 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British fashion designer Nichole de Carle Born 1984 (age 39–40) England Education De Montfort University (/wiki/De_Montfort_University) (BA) Occupation Fashion designer Label Nichole de Carle Website www (http://www.nicholedecarlelondon.com/) .nicholedecarlelondon (http://www.nicholedecarlelondon.com/) .com (http://www.nicholedecarlelondon.com/) Nichole de Carle is a British fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) best known for her lingerie and swimwear brand of the same name. Personal life [ edit ] De Carle was born in Leicestershire (/wiki/Leicestershire) . [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) She graduated with a BA (/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours) in Contour Fashion from De Montfort University (/wiki/De_Montfort_University) in 2005. [2] (#cite_note-TheBite-2) [3] (#cite_note-Interview-insight-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) She has two sisters. [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) Her sister Charlotte de Carle became a fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) after modelling lingerie for Nichole. [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) [5] (#cite_note-DST-insight-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] De Carle worked for fashion designers Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) and Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) before starting her eponymous (/wiki/Eponymous) fashion brand (also known as NDCL ) in October 2009. [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) [2] (#cite_note-TheBite-2) [3] (#cite_note-Interview-insight-3) The brand produces bondage (/wiki/Bondage_(BDSM)) -themed lingerie and underwear, drawing inspiration from things such as architecture (/wiki/Architecture) . [2] (#cite_note-TheBite-2) [7] (#cite_note-7) Her 2011 "White Diamond" knickers featured a 0.1 carat (/wiki/Carat_(mass)) diamond and received significant press coverage due to the £232 price. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-Vogue-9) In 2012 De Carle organised a charity calendar featuring British female sporting celebrities, raising money for the Wellbeing of Women (/wiki/Wellbeing_of_Women) charity. [3] (#cite_note-Interview-insight-3) [10] (#cite_note-10) The brand is often worn by celebrities, particularly during live performances (/wiki/Concert) , including Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) , Nicole Scherzinger (/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger) , Cheryl Cole (/wiki/Cheryl_Cole) and Paloma Faith (/wiki/Paloma_Faith) . [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) [9] (#cite_note-Vogue-9) [11] (#cite_note-Elle-11) Television [ edit ] De Carle featured in episode 3 of E4 (/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)) reality talent competition Great British Hairdresser . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) She also appeared in episode 4 of reality show Dirty Sexy Things (/wiki/Dirty_Sexy_Things) . [1] (#cite_note-MercuryProfile-1) [5] (#cite_note-DST-insight-5) Awards [ edit ] The brand was nominated for the 2011 UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) in the "Independent Directional Brand" category. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Beyonce, Nicole Scherzinger, Jessie J and more: How Leicestershire designer Nichole de Carle created an A-list lingerie brand" (http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Beyonce-Grammys-outfit/story-23090711-detail/story.html) . Leicester Mercury (/wiki/Leicester_Mercury) . 10 October 2014 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lloyd, Cristina (2014). Yexley, Natasha (ed.). "Nichole de Carle" (http://www.thebitemag.com/issue11/files/assets/basic-html/page78.html) . The Bite (Autumn/Winter ed.). pp. 77–78 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Champ, Gemma (28 January 2013). "Interview: Nichole de Carle" (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3250-interview-nichole-de-carle/) . Lingerie Insight . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Contour Fashion graduates sweep the board at prestigious new lingerie awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109153037/http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/schools-and-departments/school-of-fashion-and-textiles/news/2011/lingerie-awards.aspx) . De Montfort University (/wiki/De_Montfort_University) . 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/schools-and-departments/school-of-fashion-and-textiles/news/2011/lingerie-awards.aspx) on 9 January 2015 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Slowe, Kat (1 July 2011). "De Carle sisters appear on new reality show" (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-953-de-carle-sisters-appear-on-new-reality-show/) . Lingerie Insight . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Charlotte De Carle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109162538/http://www.4music.com/artists/Charlotte-De-Carle) . 4Music (/wiki/4Music) . Archived from the original (http://www.4music.com/artists/Charlotte-De-Carle) on 9 January 2015 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Alexander, Hilary (1 December 2010). "Bondage-look lingerie has Christmas all tied up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109154142/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8173424/Bondage-look-lingerie-has-Christmas-all-tied-up.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8173424/Bondage-look-lingerie-has-Christmas-all-tied-up.html) on 9 January 2015 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Long, Carola (23 December 2011). "Fancy pants" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3c27e898-2644-11e1-85fb-00144feabdc0.html) . Financial Times. Nikkei . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Niven, Lisa (19 October 2011). "Diamond Underwear" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/accessories/news/2011/10/19/nichole-de-carle-diamond-knickers-exclusive-to-selfridges) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "London 2012 Olympics: Team GB hopefuls model lingerie for charity calendar" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/8973017/London-2012-Olympics-Team-GB-hopefuls-model-lingerie-for-charity-calendar.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 22 December 2011 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elle_11-0) Matthews, Natalie (27 January 2014). "Meet The Designer That Made Beyoncé's Grammys Bodysuit" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a18889/beyonces-bodysuit-designer/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Slowe, Kat (25 February 2011). "Nichole de Carle takes part in reality TV show" (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-443-nichole-de-carle-takes-part-in-reality-tv-show/) . Lingerie Insight . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "TV Review: Great British Hairdresser" (http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/s-lots-guilty-pleasure-people-s-bad-hair-days/story-12075752-detail/story.html) . Leicester Mercury (/wiki/Leicester_Mercury) . 15 May 2011 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Lingerie awards glory for former city students" (http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Lingerie-awards-glory-city-students/story-13313682-detail/story.html) . Leicester Mercury (/wiki/Leicester_Mercury) . 12 September 2011 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.nicholedecarlelondon.com) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. 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Indonesian traditional female clothing Kemben Javanese (/wiki/Javanese_people) woman in traditional batik (/wiki/Batik) kemben , c. 1900. Type Traditional female torso wrap Place of origin Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) [1] (#cite_note-Historia-Kemben-1) [2] (#cite_note-The_History_of_Java-2) Kemben ( Javanese (/wiki/Javanese_language) : ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ , Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesian_language) : kemban ) is an Indonesian (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) female torso wrap historically common in Java (/wiki/Java) , Bali (/wiki/Bali) , and other parts of the Indonesian archipelago. It is made by wrapping a piece of kain (clothes), either plain, batik (/wiki/Batik) printed, velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , or any type of fabrics, covering the chest wrapped around the woman's torso. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] A Javanese woman wearing kemben depicted on the 14th-century Majapahit (/wiki/Majapahit) temple reliefs at the Candi Rimbi, Jombang (/wiki/Jombang_Regency) , East Java (/wiki/East_Java) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) . The graceful Bidadari Majapahit , the 14th-century golden celestial apsara (/wiki/Apsara) in Majapahit style, wearing kemben. Prior to the prevalence of kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) , it is believed that kemben was the most popular and common female dress in the ancient and classical period of Java. It was commonly worn in the Majapahit (/wiki/Majapahit) era until the Mataram Sultanate (/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate) . Today, this shoulder-baring garment still features in many Indonesian rituals (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) , traditional Javanese dances (/wiki/Javanese_dance) or palace ceremonies in Javanese keratons (/wiki/Keraton) . [1] (#cite_note-Historia-Kemben-1) The bare shoulders of the kemben may be regarded as a representation of aesthetics, elegance, and femininity (/wiki/Femininity) . In recent decades, however, kemben has fallen out of favor among Javanese Muslim women as they abandoned their traditional fashion and wear Islamic clothing such as the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , which was previously uncommon in Indonesia. Today, the tradition of wearing kemben were preserved and kept alive in the Javanese royal court of Yogyakarta (/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate) and Surakarta (/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate) keratons, especially among nobles and abdi dalem (palace servants). However, in recent years, this also had stirred debate about the efforts to preserve classic Javanese court culture being contended by the growing conservative Islamism (/wiki/Islamism) among the Indonesian Muslims community. [4] (#cite_note-4) Uses [ edit ] Three Javanese women in kemben making batik (/wiki/Batik) clothes in a village in Java, Indonesia. 1800s. A Srimpi (/wiki/Srimpi) dancer wearing velvet kemben . Traditional kemben is worn by wrapping a piece of cloth around the torso, folding and securing the edge, tying it with additional rope, and covering it with an angkin , a smaller sash around the abdomen. Traditional Javanese batik kemben worn by palace ladies in keratons are mostly this type of kemben . [5] (#cite_note-indonesianbatik.id-5) Today, there is also tight-fitted and tailored kemben secured using buttons (/wiki/Button) , straps or zippers (/wiki/Zipper) similar to the western corset (/wiki/Corset) . The kemben of female Javanese traditional dancers ( srimpi (/wiki/Srimpi) or wayang wong (/wiki/Wayang_wong) ) are usually made of tailored velvet corsets. Kemben outside Indonesia [ edit ] In the Malay Peninsula (/wiki/Malay_Peninsula) , kemban is essentially a type of sarong (/wiki/Sarong) and was a very popular style of clothing prior to the prevalence of Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) and Baju Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) in Malaysia. The members of the nobility used better quality and designed cloths, as well as elaborate jewelry made of gold and precious stones. [6] (#cite_note-DBP-Kemban-6) They had their kain kelubung (shawl) to cover their heads from the sun and a kain kemban worn from the bust downwards to keep them cool in the tropical heat. According to the Malay Annals , Sultan Mansur Shah, the sixth Malaccan ruler, banned Malay women from wearing only a kemban as it ran contrary to personal modesty based on Islamic teachings. [7] (#cite_note-NST-Kemben-7) Today, the kemban torso wrap is rarely worn in the piously Islamic Malay community of Malaysia, regarded as a relic of the past, replaced by the more modest Baju Kurung which is generally worn with tudong (/wiki/Tudong) to comply with Islamic modesty requirements. In Europe (/wiki/Europe) , it is akin to European décolletage (/wiki/D%C3%A9colletage) , however, it is more indigenous by using local fabrics such as batik (/wiki/Batik) , ikat (/wiki/Ikat) , songket (/wiki/Songket) , or tenun (/wiki/Tenun_Pahang_Diraja) , and simply secured by folding and slipping the cloth edges and tying the knot. Traditionally, women wear two pieces of clothes; the lower one is wrapped around the hips covering lower parts of the body (hips, thighs, and legs) and is called as kain or Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) , while the piece that is wrapped about the upper body (chest and torso) is called kemben . In the Malay Peninsula, a third piece of cloth is used to cover the head (head, shoulders, and arms) from the sun and it is called kain kelubung as shown in the pictures below. Styles of traditional kemban in the Malay Peninsula [8] (#cite_note-8) A kain lepas with a broad sash ( kain kemban ) dressed over a Terengganuan (/wiki/Terengganu) style of flowered sarong (/wiki/Sarong) with kain kelubung . A kain lepas with Kelantanese (/wiki/Kelantan) style of check pattern ( kain kemban ) dressed over a flowered sarong (/wiki/Sarong) with kain kelubung . A kain lepas girt about the breast ( kain kemban ) over a Kelantanese (/wiki/Kelantan) style sarong (/wiki/Sarong) with kain kelubung . A kain lepas draped about the breast ( kain kemban ) over a flowered sarong (/wiki/Sarong) with decorative flowers in hair. See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Malaysia portal (/wiki/Portal:Malaysia) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kemben (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kemben) . National costume of Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Culture of Indonesia (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) Javanese culture (/wiki/Javanese_culture) Malay culture (/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)#Culture) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Malaysian cultural outfits (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Cara Berpakaian Orang Jawa Kuno" (https://historia.id/kuno/articles/cara-berpakaian-orang-jawa-kuno-6k4Jq/page/1) . historia.id (in Indonesian). November 2018 . Retrieved 2020-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_History_of_Java_2-0) Raffles, Thomas Stamford (1817). The History of Java . London: John Murray. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 74175458 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/74175458) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring" (https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kemban) . kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2017-10-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Dikritik Gara-gara Unggah Foto Abdi Dalem, Jawaban Putri Keraton Jogja ini Tak Terduga!" (https://wow.tribunnews.com/2017/05/02/dikritik-gara-gara-unggah-foto-abdi-dalem-jawaban-putri-keraton-jogja-ini-tak-terduga) . Tribun Wow (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2020-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-indonesianbatik.id_5-0) "Memakai Batik Untuk Kemben, Eksotisme Fashion Wanita Jawa - Indonesian Batik" (http://indonesianbatik.id/2018/02/26/memakai-batik-untuk-kemben-eksotisme-fashion-wanita-jawa/) . Indonesian Batik (in Indonesian). 2018-02-26 . Retrieved 2018-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-DBP-Kemban_6-0) "Carian Umum - Kemban" (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=kemban) . prpm.dbp.gov.my (in Malay) . Retrieved 2020-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-NST-Kemben_7-0) "Enduring charm of the baju kurung" (https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/08/513680/enduring-charm-baju-kurung) . 18 August 2019 . Retrieved 19 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Thomas Athol Joyce & Northcote Whitridge Thomas (1908). Women of All Nations: A Record of Their Characteristics, Habits, Manners, Customs, and Influence . Funk & Wagnalls Company. ASIN (/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)) B011C9TDQE (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B011C9TDQE) . v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) 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(/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) 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(Redirected from Mitre (headdress) (/w/index.php?title=Mitre_(headdress)&redirect=no) ) Liturgical headdresses worn by Christian bishops and abbots This article is about religious headgear. For other uses, see Mitre (disambiguation) (/wiki/Mitre_(disambiguation)) . "Bishop's hat" redirects here. For the plant, see Epimedium (/wiki/Epimedium) . Western and Eastern-styled mitres A Catholic (/wiki/Catholic) mitre from the 19th century, displayed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Pisa (/wiki/Pisa) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) The mitre of the Serbian Orthodox (/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox) Bishop (/wiki/Bishop) Georgije Đokić (/wiki/Georgije_%C4%90oki%C4%87) Western and Eastern-styled mitres worn by bishops Catholic (/wiki/Catholic) Archbishop (/wiki/Archbishop) José Palma, O.P. (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma) in Western-styled pontifical vestments, including a mitre Ukrainian Orthodox (/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)) Bishop (/wiki/Bishop) Alexander Drabinko (/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Drabinko&action=edit&redlink=1) wearing Eastern-styled vestments, including a mitre The mitre (Commonwealth English) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ m aɪ t ər / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ; Greek: μίτρα 'headband' or 'turban') or miter ( American English (/wiki/American_English) ; see spelling differences (/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#-re,_-er) ) is a type of headgear (/wiki/Headgear) now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of bishops (/wiki/Bishop) and certain abbots (/wiki/Abbot) in traditional Christianity. Mitres are worn in the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) , Eastern Orthodox Church (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church) , Oriental Orthodox Churches (/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches) , the Anglican Communion (/wiki/Anglican_Communion) , some Lutheran (/wiki/Lutheranism) churches, for important ceremonies, by the Metropolitan of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church (/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church) , and also, in the Catholic Church, all cardinals (/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)#Cardinals_who_are_not_bishops) , whether or not bishops, and some Eastern Orthodox archpriests (/wiki/Archpriest#Eastern_Christianity) . Etymology [ edit ] μίτρα, mítra ( Ionic (/wiki/Ionic_Greek) μίτρη, mítrē ) is Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) , and means a piece of armour (/wiki/Armour) , usually a metal guard worn around the waist and under a cuirass (/wiki/Cuirass) , as mentioned in Homer (/wiki/Homer) 's Iliad (/wiki/Iliad) . In later poems, it was used to refer to a headband used by women for their hair, and a sort of formal Babylonian (/wiki/Babylon) headdress, as mentioned by Herodotus (/wiki/Herodotus) ( Histories (/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)) 1.195 and 7.90). It also refers to a kind of hairband, such as "the victor's chaplet at the games", a headband and a badge of rank at the Ptolemaic court (/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom) , an oriental headdress, perhaps a kind of turban, worn "as a mark of effeminacy", a diadem (/wiki/Diadem) , the headdress of the priest of Heracles (/wiki/Heracles) , or the headdress of the Jewish high priest (/wiki/Jewish_high_priest) referenced in the Septuagint (/wiki/Septuagint) (Greek) text of Exodus 29 (/wiki/Exodus_29) :6. [1] (#cite_note-1) The evolution of the mitre, from the Catholic Encyclopedia (/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia) (1913) Western Christianity [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mitre) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mitre" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mitre%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mitre%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mitre%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mitre%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In its modern form in Western Christianity (/wiki/Western_Christianity) , the mitre is a tall folding cap (/wiki/Cap) , consisting of two similar parts (the front and back) rising to a peak and sewn together at the sides. Two short lappets (/wiki/Lappet) always hang down from the back. History [ edit ] The camelaucum ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : καμιλαύκιον (/wiki/Kamilavka) , kamilaukion ), the headdress that both the mitre and the papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) stem from, was originally a cap used by officials of the Imperial Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) court. "The tiara [from which the mitre originates] probably developed from the Phrygian cap (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) , or frigium, a conical cap worn in the Graeco-Roman world. In the 10th century the tiara was pictured on papal coins." [2] (#cite_note-2) Other sources claim the tiara developed the other way around, from the mitre. In the late Empire it developed into the closed type of Imperial crown (/wiki/Crown_(headgear)) used by Byzantine Emperors (/wiki/Byzantine_Emperors) (see illustration of Michael III (/wiki/Michael_III) , 842–867). Worn by a bishop, the mitre is depicted for the first time in two miniatures of the beginning of the eleventh century. The first written mention of it is found in a Bull (/wiki/Papal_bull) of Pope Leo IX (/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX) in the year 1049. By 1150 the use had spread to bishops throughout the West. [ citation needed ] In the Church of England (/wiki/Church_of_England) , the mitre fell out of use after the Reformation, but was restored in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a result of the Oxford Movement (/wiki/Oxford_Movement) , and is now worn by most bishops of the Anglican Communion (/wiki/Anglican_Communion) on at least some occasions. In The Episcopal Church (/wiki/The_Episcopal_Church) of the United States, the first Presiding Bishop, Samuel Seabury (/wiki/Samuel_Seabury) wore a mitre as early as 1786. The mitre is also worn by bishops in a number of Lutheran churches, for example the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia (/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Latvia) , the Church of Sweden (/wiki/Church_of_Sweden) , [3] (#cite_note-3) and the Lutheran Church in Great Britain (/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Great_Britain) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Use [ edit ] In the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) , ecclesial law gives the right to use the mitre and other pontifical insignia (crosier, pectoral cross, and ring) to bishops (/wiki/Bishop) , abbots (/wiki/Abbot) , cardinals, and those canonically equivalent to diocesan bishops who do not receive episcopal ordination. The principal celebrant presents the mitre and other pontifical insignia to a newly ordained bishop during the Rite of Ordination of a Bishop (/wiki/Consecration) and to a new abbot during the Rite of Blessing of an Abbot. In the case of a person who is canonically equivalent to a diocesan bishop but does not receive episcopal ordination, this presentation normally occurs during a public installation as the ordinary of his jurisdiction. Catholic ecclesial law also permits former Anglican bishops received into full communion and subsequently ordained to the order of presbyter in the Catholic Church to obtain permission to use pontifical insignia as a mark of recognition of their previous ministry (they also may be admitted to the national or regional episcopal conference with status equivalent to that of retired Catholic bishops), but former Anglican bishops typically have not requested permission to use pontifical insignia under this provision. Three types of mitres are worn by Roman Catholic clergy for different occasions: The simplex ('simple', referring to the materials used) is made of undecorated white linen or silk and its white lappets traditionally end in red fringes. It is worn most notably at funerals, Lent (/wiki/Lent) , on Good Friday (/wiki/Good_Friday) and by concelebrant bishops at a Mass (/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)) . Cardinals in the presence of the Pope wear a mitre of white linen damask. The auriphrygiata is of plain gold cloth or white silk with gold, silver or coloured embroidered bands; when seen today it is usually worn by bishops when they preside at the celebration of the sacraments. The pretiosa ('precious') is decorated with precious stones and gold and worn on the principal Mass on the most solemn Sundays (except in Lent) and feast days. This type of mitre is rarely decorated with precious stones today, and the designs have become more varied, simple and original, often merely being in the liturgical colour of the day. The proper colour of a mitre is always white, although in liturgical usage white also includes vestments made from gold and silver fabrics. The embroidered bands and other ornaments which adorn a mitre and the lappets may be of other colours and often are. On all occasions, an altar server (/wiki/Altar_server) may wear a shawl-style veil (/wiki/Veil) , called a vimpa (/wiki/Vimpa) , around the shoulders when holding the bishop's mitre. Heraldry [ edit ] In ecclesiastical heraldry (/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry) , a mitre was placed above the shield of all persons who were entitled to wear the mitre, including abbots. It substituted for the helm (/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)) of military arms, but also appeared as a crest (/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)) placed atop a helmet, as was common in German heraldry. [5] (#cite_note-heraldry_CathEnc-5) In the Anglican Churches, the Church of Sweden, and the Lutheran Church of Finland, the mitre is still placed above the arms of bishops instead of the ecclesiastical hat (/wiki/Ecclesiastical_hat) . In the Roman Catholic Church, the use of the mitre above the shield on the personal arms of clergy was suppressed in 1969, [6] (#cite_note-6) and is now found only on some corporate arms, like those of dioceses. Previously, the mitre was often included under the hat, [7] (#cite_note-7) and even in the arms of a cardinal, the mitre was not entirely displaced. [8] (#cite_note-8) In heraldry the mitre is always shown in gold (/wiki/Or_(heraldry)) , and the lappets ( infulae ) are of the same colour. It has been asserted that before the reformation, a distinction was used to be drawn between the mitre of a bishop and an abbot by the omission of the infulae in the abbot's arms. In England and France it was usual to place the mitre of an abbot slightly in profile. [5] (#cite_note-heraldry_CathEnc-5) With his inauguration as pope (/wiki/Papal_inauguration) , Benedict XVI (/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI) broke with tradition and replaced the papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) even on his papal coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI) with a papal mitre (containing still the three levels of 'crowns' representing the powers of the papacy (/wiki/Papacy) in a simplified form) and pallium (/wiki/Pallium) . Prior to Benedict XVI, each pope's coat of arms always contained the image of the papal tiara and St. Peter's crossed keys, even though the tiara had fallen into disuse, especially under popes John Paul I (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I) and John Paul II (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) . Pope Paul VI (/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI) was the last pope to date to begin his papal reign with a formal coronation in June 1963. However, as a sign of the perceived need for greater simplification of the papal rites, as well as the changing nature of the papacy itself, he abandoned the use of his tiara in a dramatic ceremony in Saint Peter's Basilica during the second session of Vatican II (/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council) in November 1963. However his 1975 Apostolic Constitution (/wiki/Apostolic_Constitution) made it clear the tiara had not been abolished: in the constitution he made provision for his successor to receive a coronation. Pope John Paul I, however, declined to follow Paul VI's constitution and opted for a simpler papal inauguration (/wiki/Papal_inauguration) , a precedent followed by his three successors. Pope John Paul II's 1996 Apostolic Constitution left open several options by not specifying what sort of ceremony was to be used, other than that some ceremony would be held to inaugurate a new pontificate. Mitre simplex traditional style: White damask (/wiki/Damask) with its white lappets ending in red fringes. Benedict XVI (/wiki/Benedict_XVI) wearing a pretiosa : elaborately embroidered mitre. Papal Arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI) of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) was replaced with a bishop's mitre. Eastern Christianity [ edit ] Mitre of the Orthodox Metropolitan (/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop) Saint Chrysostomos of Smyrna (/wiki/Chrysostomos_of_Smyrna) , martyred when the Turks captured the city in 1922. Elaborately embroidered Eastern Orthodox mitre, 1715. The Orthodox mitre, adopted after the fall of Constantinople, is derived from the Byzantine crown. The most typical mitre in the Eastern Orthodox (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox) and Byzantine Catholic (/wiki/Eastern_Rite_Catholic_Churches) churches is based on the closed Imperial crown of the late Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) . Therefore, it too is ultimately based on the older καμιλαύκιον although it diverged from the secular headdress at a much later date, after it had already undergone further development. History [ edit ] Orthodox bishops started wearing mitres around the 16th or 17th century, but the date of adoption is disputed. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) The use of headgear of any kind by the Byzantine church was a late development, and before the 1500s they wore no headgear. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Theodore Balsamon (/wiki/Theodore_Balsamon) , Patriarch of Antioch (/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch) (ca. 1130–1140) stated that the patriarch of Alexandria was the only Orthodox prelate to wear a hat during the liturgy. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) This claim was repeated by Symeon of Thessalonica (/wiki/Symeon_of_Thessalonica) in the fifteenth century, who in his Concerning the Holy Temple, wrote that all Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) hierarchs and priests, with the exception of the patriarch of Alexandria (/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria) conduct sacred service with uncovered heads. [11] (#cite_note-11) [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Another evidence pointing to the lack of headgear among the Orthodox bishops was the complaint against John XI of Constantinople (/wiki/John_XI_of_Constantinople) who was accused of copying the Catholic pope in wearing a mitre. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) In 1585 a Russian envoy witnessed the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem celebrated the divine liturgy together and only the Alexandrian patriarch wore a mitre. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Some modern scholars believe that the mitre was first adopted among the Orthodox when Cyril Lucaris (/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris) (previously patriarch of Alexandria) became Ecumenical Patriarch in the early 1600s. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [14] (#cite_note-14) Others instead claim that the mitre started being used after the fall of Constantinople (/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople) (1453). [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [15] (#cite_note-:3-15) There are some examples of Orthodox religious headgear (and possibly mitres) as early as the 14th century, such as a fresco of Metropolitan Kalevit in the Kremikovtsi Monastery (/wiki/Kremikovtsi_Monastery) or the mitre donated to the patriarch of Belgrade by Katarina Branković (/wiki/Katarina_Brankovi%C4%87) . [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Some have hypothesized that shape of the mitres adopted after the fall of Constantinople was likely derived by the stemma , the Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) imperial crown. Together with other imperial-derived vestements like the sakkos, the crown-like mitre embodied the regality and richness of the defunct empire, of which the bishops inherited the legacy. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [15] (#cite_note-:3-15) [18] (#cite_note-18) In medieval Russia (/wiki/Russia) bishops wore hats with a fringe, but not a mitre. This is in contrast to Constantinople and most other Orthodox clergy who did not wear any headgear, and might be accounted for by the cold temperatures in Russia. [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) The mitre was first appeared in Russia with Patriarch Nikon (/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon_of_Moscow) , who adopted it from the tradition of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Initially, it was only worn by the Patriarch of Moscow, but it was soon adopted by the rest of the bishops, and a council in 1675 mandated the mitre for all bishops, following the Greek custom. [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Mitres were also given to some archimandrites (/wiki/Archimandrite) , by the decree of Peter the Great (/wiki/Peter_the_Great) in 1705; in 1786 Catherine the Great (/wiki/Catherine_the_Great) awarded a mitre to her spiritual father, Archpriest John Pamphilov. In 1797 the decree of Paul I (/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia) allowed the mitre to be awarded to archpriests (/wiki/Archpriest) as mark of special distinction. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) In 1988, the Holy Synod of the Russian Church decided that the mitres of all bishops would be topped with a cross, which until then was reserved for the Patriarch (also granted to the metropolitan of Kiev starting in 1686). [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Use [ edit ] The Eastern mitre is made in the shape of a bulbous crown, completely enclosed, and the material is of brocade (/wiki/Brocade) , damask (/wiki/Damask) or cloth of gold (/wiki/Cloth_of_gold) . It may also be embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) , and is often richly decorated with jewels. There are normally four icons (/wiki/Icon) attached to the mitre (often of Christ, the Theotokos (/wiki/Theotokos) , John the Baptist (/wiki/John_the_Baptist) and the Cross (/wiki/Christian_cross) ), which the bishop may kiss before he puts it on. Eastern mitres are usually gold, but other liturgical colours (/wiki/Liturgical_colours) may be used. The mitre is topped by a cross, either made out of metal and standing upright, or embroidered in cloth and lying flat on the top. In Greek practice (/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church) , the mitres of all bishops are topped with a standing cross. The same is true in the Russian tradition (/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) . [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Mitres awarded to priests will have the cross lying flat. Sometimes, instead of the flat cross, the mitre may have an icon (/wiki/Icon) on the top. Bishops of the Armenian Catholic Church (/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church) in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) wearing mitres. As an item of Imperial regalia (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regalia) , along with other such items as the sakkos (/wiki/Sakkos) (Imperial dalmatic (/wiki/Dalmatic) ) and epigonation (/wiki/Epigonation) , the mitre came to signify the temporal authority of bishops (especially that of the Patriarch of Constantinople (/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople) ) within the administration of the Rum millet (/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)) (i.e., the Christian community) of the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) . The mitre is removed at certain solemn moments during the Divine Liturgy (/wiki/Divine_Liturgy) and other services, usually being removed and replaced by the protodeacon (/wiki/Protodeacon) . The use of the mitre is a prerogative of bishops, but it may be awarded to archpriests (/wiki/Archpriest) , protopresbyters (/wiki/Protopresbyter) and archimandrites (/wiki/Archimandrite) . The priestly mitre is not surmounted by a cross, and is awarded at the discretion of a synod (/wiki/Synod) of bishops. Military uniform [ edit ] A Russian grenadier mitre. During the 18th century (and in a few cases the 19th), soldiers designated as grenadiers (/wiki/Grenadier) in various northern European armies wore a mitre (usually called a "mitre cap") similar in outline to those worn by western bishops. As first adopted in the 1680s this cap had been worn instead of the usual broad-brimmed hat to avoid the headdress being knocked off when the soldier threw a grenade (/wiki/Grenade) . [21] (#cite_note-W.Y._Carman_page_68-21) The hand grenade in its primitive form had become obsolete by the mid-18th century [21] (#cite_note-W.Y._Carman_page_68-21) but grenadiers continued as elite troops in most European armies, usually retaining the mitre cap as a distinction. [22] (#cite_note-22) Militarily, this headdress came in different styles. The Prussian style had a cone-shaped brass or white metal front with a cloth rear having lace braiding; [23] (#cite_note-23) the Russian style initially consisted of a tall brass plate atop of a leather cap with a peak at the rear, although the German model was subsequently adopted. The British style—usually simply called a "grenadier cap" instead of a mitre—had a tall cloth front with elaborate regimental embroidery forward of a sloping red back, lined in white. [24] (#cite_note-24) Some German and Russian fusilier (/wiki/Fusilier) regiments also wore a mitre with a smaller brass front-plate. [25] (#cite_note-25) By the end of the 18th century, due to changes in military fashion, the mitre had generally given way to the bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) or had been replaced by the standard infantry tricorn (/wiki/Tricorn) or bicorn (/wiki/Bicorne) . The British Army made this change in 1765 and the Prussian Army in 1790. All Russian grenadiers continued however to wear mitre caps until 1805, even when on active service. [26] (#cite_note-26) Prussian 1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß (/wiki/1st_Foot_Guards_(German_Empire)) in mitres, 1894 The mitre in its classic metal-fronted 18th-century form survived as an item of ceremonial parade dress in the Prussian Leib-Grenadier No 1 and 1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß (/wiki/1st_Foot_Guards_(German_Empire)) regiments; plus the Russian Pavlovskii Regiment (/wiki/Pavlovskii_Regiment) , until World War I. [27] (#cite_note-27) Other uses [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mitre) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mitre" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mitre%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mitre%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mitre%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mitre%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A chess bishop in the standard Staunton pattern (/wiki/Staunton_chess_set) . The bishop (/wiki/Bishop_(chess)) in the board game chess (/wiki/Chess) is represented by a stylised Western mitre having Unicode (/wiki/Unicode) codes U+2657 (white) and U+265D (black): ♗♝ . The crowns (/wiki/Crown_(headgear)) of the Austrian Empire (/wiki/Austrian_Empire) and Imperial Russia (/wiki/Imperial_Russia) incorporated a mitre of precious metal and jewels into their design. The Austrian Imperial Crown (/wiki/Austrian_Imperial_Crown) was originally the personal crown of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II (/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) and has the form proper to that of a Holy Roman Emperor (/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor) . At the Roman rite (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor#The_Roman_ritual) of their Coronation (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor) , the Pope placed a mitre on their heads before placing the crown over it. Their empress consorts (/wiki/List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses) also received both a mitre and crown on their heads from a cardinal bishop at the same ceremony. The form of the Russian Imperial Crown (/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Crown) dates back to the time of Peter the Great (/wiki/Peter_the_Great) ’s early attempts to westernise (/wiki/Westernisation) Russia and was probably inspired by the crowns worn by Habsburg (/wiki/House_of_Habsburg) emperors of the Holy Roman Empire (/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire) and possibly also the Orthodox mitre. Abbesses (/wiki/Abbess) of certain very ancient abbeys in the West also wore mitres, but of a very different form than that worn by male prelates. The mitral valve (/wiki/Mitral_valve) of the human heart, which is located between the left atrium (/wiki/Left_atrium) and the left ventricle (/wiki/Left_ventricle) , is named so because of its similarity in shape to the mitre. Andreas Vesalius (/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius) , the father of anatomy, noted the striking similarity between the two while performing anatomic dissections in the sixteenth century. [28] (#cite_note-28) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Henry George Liddell (/wiki/Henry_George_Liddell) and Robert Scott (/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)) , A Greek-English Lexicon: μίτρα (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmi%2Ftra) , accessed 17 December 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Britannica (/wiki/Britannica) 2004, tiara ^ (#cite_ref-3) Encyclopædia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/386220/mitre (https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/386220/mitre) ^ (#cite_ref-4) BRITISH LUTHERANS HAVE NEW BISHOP (https://lutheranchurch.co.uk/british-lutherans-have-new-bishop/) ^ Jump up to: a b "Ecclesiastical Heraldry" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ecclesiastical_Heraldry) . Catholic Encyclopedia (/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia) . 1913. ^ (#cite_ref-6) fiu.edu (http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm) "Instruction", 1969, n.28. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lartigue, Dictionnaire . ^ (#cite_ref-8) von Volborth, Heraldry of the World , p.171, shows the arms of Cardinal Francis Spellman (/wiki/Francis_Spellman) with a mitre in 1967, just two years before the 1969 fio.edu (http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm) Instruction . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Woodfin, Warren T. (2012). The embodied icon : liturgical vestments and sacramental power in Byzantium . Oxford [Great Britain]: Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-959209-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 714724958 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hilarion (Alfeyev) (/wiki/Hilarion_(Alfeyev)) (January 3, 2015). "On the Sakkos and the Mitre" (http://orthochristian.com/76287.html) . OrthoChristian.Com . Retrieved 2021-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev). On the Sakkos and the Mitre" (http://orthochristian.com/76287.html) . OrthoChristian.Com . Retrieved 2021-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Simeon of Thessalonica Concerning the Holy Temple 45. Patrologia Graeca (/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca) volume 155, 716D-717A. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Migne, Jacques-Paul (1866). Patrologiæ cursus completus: seu, Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica omnium SS. patrum, doctorum, scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum. Series græca (in Greek). J.-P. Migne. p. 716. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Tchiflianov, Very Rev. Prof. Blagoy (2012). Our orthodox faith . [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-105-65899-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 936029715 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/936029715) . ^ Jump up to: a b Dawson, Timothy (2015). By the emperor's hand : military dress and court regalia in the later Romano-Byzantine Empire . Graham Sumner. Barnsley. p. 93. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84832-589-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 929033004 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/929033004) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Mitre, ceremonial head-dress of Orthodox Serbian Metropolitan bishop of Belgrade, made in 15th century by Countess of Celje Katarina Kantakuzina Branković" (https://twitter.com/svetlana2562/status/1118555011410165762) . Twitter . Retrieved 2021-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Woodfin, Warren T. (2012). The embodied icon : liturgical vestments and sacramental power in Byzantium . Oxford [Great Britain]: Oxford University Press. pp. 29–32. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-959209-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 714724958 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Wybrew, Hugh (1990). The Orthodox liturgy : the development of the eucharistic liturgy in the Byzantine rite . Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-88141-100-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 21593187 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21593187) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Особенности богослужебного облачения Патриарха на Руси" (https://www.sedmitza.ru/text/556834.html) . Церковно-Научный Центр "Православная Энциклопедия" (in Russian) . Retrieved 2021-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Yevgeny Golubinsky " History of the Russian Church (https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/416951) ", vol. II, M. 1997-98 ^ Jump up to: a b W.Y. Carman, page 68 "A Dictionary of Military Uniform," ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-684-15130-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-15130-8) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Funcken, Liliane et Fred (1975). L'Uniforme et les Armes des Soldats de la Guerre en Dentelle vol 2 . pp. 90–91. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) -2-203-14316-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Philip Haythornthwaite, page 13 "Frederick the Great's Army, vol. 2 Infantry ", ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1855321602 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1855321602) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Stuart Reid, page 24 "King George's Army 1740-93, vol. 1 Infantry," ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1 85532 515 2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1%2B85532%2B515%2B2) ^ (#cite_ref-25) Mollo, John (1972). Military Fashion . Barrie and Jenkins. p. 90. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-214-65349-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Philip Haythornthwaite, page 18 "The Russian Army of the Napoleonic Wars (1): Infantry, 1799-1814" ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85045-737-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-737-8) ^ (#cite_ref-27) Mollo, John (1972). Military Fashion . Barrie and Jenkins. p. 204. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-214-65349-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Charles Davis O'Malley, "Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564," (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964). References [ edit ] Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Mitre" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Mitre) . Catholic Encyclopedia (/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia) . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Noonan Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church . Viking. pp. 191 (https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/191) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-670-86745-4 . Philippi, Dieter (2009). Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität . St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-7462-2800-6 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mitres (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mitres) . Mitres (http://dappledphotos.blogspot.com/2005/10/mighty-mitres.html) —Photographs and descriptions of the different types of mitres Episcopal Mitre from Kavsokalyvia (http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/Athos/SketaeImages/skete_Kavsokalyvia/MITRE.html) , Mount Athos (/wiki/Mount_Athos) Mitre worn by the Archbishop of Esztergom (http://www.magyarkepek.hu/szelenyi/zoom-u03.html) , the Primate of Hungary, at coronations of Kings of Hungary. Mitre worn by Pope John Paul I at his papal inauguration Mass (http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/enlarge/jeweled-miter_pod_image.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231326/http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/enlarge/jeweled-miter_pod_image.html) 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . From the National Geographic book Inside the Vatican , 1991. v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla 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(/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury 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(/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo 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(/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi (/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) Icelandic tail (/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jobawi (/wiki/Jobawi) Kalpak (/wiki/Kalpak) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) 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Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Visor (/wiki/Visor) Accessories Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) v t e Papacy (/wiki/Pope) Episcopate (/wiki/Episcopal_polity) of the bishop (/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church) of Rome (/wiki/Holy_See) Jurisdiction (/wiki/Jurisdiction) Holy See (/wiki/Holy_See) ( Full communion (/wiki/Full_communion) ) Pope (/wiki/Pope) Francis (/wiki/Pope_Francis) as bishop (/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church) of the Diocese of Rome (/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome) Primacy (/wiki/Papal_primacy) History (/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy) Vatican City (/wiki/Vatican_City) ( index (/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles) , outline (/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City) ) Enclaved (/wiki/Enclaved) in Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Lateran Treaty (/wiki/Lateran_Treaty) , 1929 along with extraterritorial (/wiki/Extraterritoriality) properties of the Holy See (/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See) Headquarters Vatican 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Project Runway is a reality competition (/wiki/Reality_television) television format (/wiki/Television_format) created by Eli Holzman (/wiki/Eli_Holzman) that originated with the American TV show Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , which premiered in December 2004. International adaptations [ edit ] Countries highlighted in red indicate a version of the show that is no longer airing. Country Name Host Channel First Premiere Regular Judge Seasons Winners Algeria Project Runway Algeria (/wiki/Project_Runway_El_Djazair) [1] (#cite_note-1) Maroua (The Doll Beauty) Echorouk TV (/wiki/Echorouk_TV) November 4, 2023 Karim Akrouf Meriem Abdellatif Rayan Atlas (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2023: Amine Smati Arab World Project Fashion: El Musamim El Arabi (/wiki/Project_Runway_(Middle_East)) [2] (#cite_note-2) Norma Naoum Future TV (/wiki/Future_TV) February 26, 2006 Norma Naoum Maria Aziz Rabih Keyrouz (mentor) 2 Season 1, 2006: Julien Abboud Season 2, 2007: Mohammed Ashi Project Runway Middle East [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Jessica Kahawaty (/wiki/Jessica_Kahawaty) (Season 1) Valerie Abou Chacra (/wiki/Valerie_Abou_Chacra) (Season 2) MBC 1 (/wiki/MBC_1_(Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_TV_channel)) September 17, 2016 Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) Afef Jnifen (/wiki/Afef_Jnifen) Faris Al Shehri (mentor) Season 1, 2016: Alaa Najd Season 2, 2017: Saher Okal Australia Project Runway Australia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia) Kristy Hinze (/wiki/Kristy_Hinze) (First 2 seasons) Megan Gale (/wiki/Megan_Gale) (Season 3 onwards) Arena (/wiki/Fox_Arena) Season 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_(season_1)) : July 7, 2008 – September 15, 2008 Season 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_(season_2)) : July 8, 2009 – September 16, 2009 Season 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_(season_3)) : July 4, 2011 – September 12, 2011 Season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia_(season_4)) : October 8, 2012 – December 17, 2012 Jarrad Clark Kirrily Johnston Alex Perry (mentor) 4 Season 1, 2008: Juli Grbac (/wiki/Juli_Grbac) Season 2, 2009: Anthony Capon Season 3, 2011: Dylan Cooper Season 4, 2012: Christina Exie Belgium De Designers Evi Hanssen (/wiki/Evi_Hanssen) VTM (/wiki/VTM_(TV_channel)) December 16, 2008 Christophe Coppens Veerle Windels Ann Claes Erik Verdonck (mentor) 2 Season 1, 2008–2009: An Buermans Season 2, 2009–2010: Gianni Lapage Brazil Projeto Fashion (/wiki/Projeto_Fashion) Adriane Galisteu (/wiki/Adriane_Galisteu) Band (/wiki/Rede_Bandeirantes) September 17, 2011 Susana Barbosa Reinaldo Lourenço Alexandre Herchcovitch (/wiki/Alexandre_Herchcovitch) (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2011: Cynthia Hayashi Canada Project Runway Canada (/wiki/Project_Runway_Canada) [5] (#cite_note-5) Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) Slice (/wiki/Slice_(TV_channel)) Global (/wiki/Global_Television_Network) October 8, 2007 Shawn Hewson Rita Silvan Brian Bailey (mentor) 2 Season 1, 2007: Evan Biddell Season 2, 2009: Sunny Fong (/wiki/Sunny_Fong) Finland Muodin huipulle (/wiki/Muodin_huipulle) Minna Cheung (season 1) Nora Vilva (season 2) MTV3 (/wiki/MTV3) November 1, 2009 Minna Cheung (hostess and judge season 1) Nora Vilva (hostess and judge season 2) Anssi Tuupainen (judge season 1) Jaakko Selin (mentor season 1, judge season 2) Janne Renvall (mentor season 2) 2 Season 1, 2009: Katri Niskanen Season 2, 2011: Linda Sipilä Season 3, 2023: Pali Albin Season 4, 2024: TBA France Projet Fashion [6] (#cite_note-6) Hapsatou Sy D8 (/wiki/C8_(French_TV_channel)) March 3, 2015 Catherine Baba Roland Mouret (/wiki/Roland_Mouret) Alexandra Senes Donald Potard (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2010: Pierre-Henry Bor Greece Project Runway [7] (#cite_note-7) Evangelia Aravani (/wiki/Evangelia_Aravani) Open TV (/wiki/Open_TV) October 25, 2018 Roula Revi Dimitris Petrou Mihalis Pantos Apostolos Mitropoulos (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2018–2019: Margarita Priftaki Israel פרויקט מסלול (/wiki/Project_Runway_Israel) Proyekt Maslul [8] (#cite_note-8) Shiraz Tal (/wiki/Shiraz_Tal) Channel 2 (/wiki/Channel_2_(Israeli_TV_channel)) ( Reshet (/wiki/Reshet) ) June 17, 2009 – October 2009 Vivi Bleish Gal Afel Sason Kedem (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2008–2009: Alon Livne (/wiki/Alon_Livne) Italy Project Runway Italia [9] (#cite_note-9) Eva Herzigová (/wiki/Eva_Herzigov%C3%A1) Fox Life (/wiki/Fox_Life_(Italian_TV_channel)) February 26, 2014 – April 30, 2014 Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) Tomaso Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) Ildo Damiano (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2014: Marco Taranto Jamaica Mission Catwalk Keneea Linton-George TVJ (/wiki/Television_Jamaica) March 15, 2011 Keneea Linton-George (mentor season 2, hostess and judge seasons 1–3) Novia McDonald-Whyte Carlton Brown Sandra Kennedy (mentor Season 1) Kay Davitian (mentor) 6 Season 1, 2011: Shenna Carby Season 2, 2012: Gregory Williams Season 3, 2013: Theodore Elyett Season 4, 2014: Kurt Campbell Season 5, 2015: David Rolle Season 6, 2018: Rochele Spencer Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) Project Runway Latin America (/wiki/Project_Runway_Latin_America) [10] (#cite_note-10) Rebecca de Alba (/wiki/Rebecca_de_Alba) (season 1 & 2) Eglantina Zingg (season 3) Fashion TV (/wiki/FashionTV) (season 1), Glitz* (/wiki/Glitz_(TV_channel)) (season 2 & 3) September 20, 2010 Claudia Pandolfo (season 1-2) Ariadne Grant (season 3) Ángel Sánchez Mariano Toledo (mentor in season 1–2) Jorge Duque Velez (mentor season 3) 3 Season 1: Jorge Duque Velez Season 2: Karyn Coo Season 3: Matias Hernan Mongolia Project Runway Mongolia Tserendolgor Battsengel Star TV October 2, 2022 Michel Choigaalaa Ovdogmid Delgerdalai Zorig Tumennasan Khuslen Ganhuu (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2022: Enkhbazar E. Malaysia Project Runway Malaysia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Malaysia) Bernie Chan 8TV (/wiki/8TV_(Malaysian_TV_network)) August 3, 2007 Bernie Chan Datuk Bernard Chandran (/wiki/Datuk_Bernard_Chandran) 1 Season 1, 2007: Felix Chin Netherlands Project Catwalk Renate Verbaan (season 1 & 2) Stacey Rookhuizen (season 3) RTL 5 (/wiki/RTL_5) October 8, 2007 Simone Dernee (season 1) Cecile Narinx (season 2) Daryl van Wouw (season 1 & 2) Olcay Gulsen (season 3) Jan Taminiau (season 3) 3 Season 1, 2007: Django Steenbakker New Zealand Project Runway New Zealand (/wiki/Project_Runway_New_Zealand) [11] (#cite_note-11) Georgia Fowler (/wiki/Georgia_Fowler) TVNZ 2 (/wiki/TVNZ_2) October 1, 2018 – December 17, 2018 Benny Castles Sally-Ann Mullin Andreas Mikellis (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2018: Benjamin Alexander Norway Designerspirene (/wiki/Designerspirene) [12] (#cite_note-12) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) TV3 February 26, 2007 – May 2007 Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) Peter Løchstøer Petra Middelthon William Jensen (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2005–2006: Daniel Sørensen Philippines Project Runway Philippines (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines) [13] (#cite_note-13) Teresa Herrera (2008–2009) Tweetie De Leon (2011–2015) ETC (/wiki/SolarFlix) SBN 21 (/wiki/Southern_Broadcasting_Network) Season 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_(season_1)) : July 30, 2008 – November 12, 2008 Season 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_(season_2)) : August 12, 2009 – December 2, 2009 Season 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_(season_3)) : March 25, 2012 – May 13, 2012 Season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Philippines_(season_4)) : June 14, 2015 – August 2015 Apples Aberin-Sahdwani Rajo Laurel Jojie Lloren (mentor) 4 Season 1, 2008: Aries Lagat Season 2, 2009: Manny Marquez Season 3, 2012: Milka Quin Redoble Season 4, 2015: Jose Joy Chicano Poland Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway_Poland) Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) TVN (/wiki/TVN_(Polish_TV_channel)) March 2, 2014 Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Joanna Przetakiewicz Marcin Tyszka (season 2) Mariusz Przybylski (season 1) Tomasz Ossoliński (mentor) 2 Season 1, 2014: Jakub "Jacob" Bartnik Season 2, 2015: Michał Zieliński Portugal Projecto Moda (/wiki/Projecto_Moda) [14] (#cite_note-14) Nayma Mingas RTP1 (/wiki/RTP1) July 25, 2010 – September 26, 2010 Manuel Alves Fátima Cotta Cristina Pinho Paulo Gomes (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2010: Carina Duarte Russia Проект Подиум Project Runway Russia Anna Sedokova (/wiki/Anna_Sedokova) (season 1) Maria Minogarova (season 2) MTV Russia (/wiki/MTV_(Russian_TV_channel)) (season 1); Friday! (/wiki/Friday!) (season 2) Season 1: October 8, 2011; season 2: October 18, 2018 Elena Sotnikova (season 1) Leonid Alexeyev (season 1) Pavel Kaplevich (mentor; season 1) Valentin Yudashkin (/wiki/Valentin_Yudashkin) (season 2) Tim Ilyasov (mentor; season 2) 2 Season 1, 2011–2012: Dmitry Neu Season 2, 2018: Elizaveta Kostyukova South Africa Project Runway South Africa [15] (#cite_note-15) Lerato Kganyago Mzansi Magic (/wiki/Mzansi_Magic) August 17, 2018 Noni Gasa Rahim Rawjee Gert-Johan Coetzee (/wiki/Gert-Johan_Coetzee) (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2018: Kentse Masilo South Korea 프로젝트 런웨이 코리아 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Korea) Project Runway Korea [16] (#cite_note-16) Lee So-ra (/wiki/Lee_So-ra_(model)) Onstyle February 7, 2009 Shin Yoo-jin Kim Seok-won Kan Ho-sup (mentor) 5 Season 1, 2009: Lee Woo-kyung Season 2, 2010: Jung Go-woun Season 3, 2011: Shin Joo-yeon Season 4, 2012: Kim Hye-ran All-Stars 1, 2015: Hwang Jae-geun Sweden Project Runway Sverige [17] (#cite_note-17) Sofi Fahrman (/wiki/Sofi_Fahrman) TV3 (/wiki/TV3_(Sweden)) October 1, 2012 Rossana Mariano Marcel Marongiu (/wiki/Marcel_Marongiu) Rohdi Heintz (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2012: Naim Josefi Thailand Project Runway Thailand [18] (#cite_note-18) Anne Jakrajutatip (/wiki/Jakkaphong_Jakrajutatip) JKN 18 May 7, 2022 Ek Thongprasert Kwankao Svetavimala Guest star Tawn Chatchawanwong (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2022: Folk Abhisit Permlarp Turkey Proje Moda [19] (#cite_note-19) Güzide Duran Star TV (/wiki/Star_TV_(Turkish_TV_channel)) July 9, 2007 Cemil İpekçi (/wiki/Cemil_%C4%B0pek%C3%A7i) Işın Görmüş Barbarossa 1 Season 1, 2007: Selim Baklacı Ukraine Подіум Podium [20] (#cite_note-20) Nataliya Gotsiy (/wiki/Nataliya_Gotsiy) Novyi Kanal (/wiki/Novyi_Kanal) February 20, 2019 Olha Slon Ivan Suprun Lilya Liykovska Jean Gritsfeldt (mentor) 1 Season 1, 2019: Maria Dzyubenko & Maksim Sereda (Duet Sereda) United Kingdom Project Catwalk (/wiki/Project_Catwalk) [21] (#cite_note-21) Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) (2006) Kelly Osbourne (/wiki/Kelly_Osbourne) (2007–2008) Sky One (/wiki/Sky_One) 2006–2008 Julien Macdonald (/wiki/Julien_Macdonald) Lorraine Candy (2006) Paula Reed (2007–2008) Ben de Lisi (/wiki/Ben_de_Lisi) (mentor) 3 Season 1, 2006: Kirsty Doyle Season 2, 2007: Wayne Aveline Season 3, 2008: Jasper Garvida (/wiki/Jasper_Garvida) Vietnam Project Runway Vietnam (/wiki/Project_Runway_Vietnam) [22] (#cite_note-22) Ngô Thanh Vân (/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Thanh_V%C3%A2n) (2013) Trương Ngọc Ánh (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_%C3%81nh) (2014–2015) VTV3 (/wiki/VTV3) Season 1: April 28 – June 16, 2013 Season 2 : May 11, 2013 – July 6, 2014 Season 3 : December 19, 2015 – January 30, 2016 Đỗ Mạnh Cường (2013) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) (2013) Trần Nguyễn Thiên Hương (2013–2016) Nguyễn Công Trí (2014–2016) Nguyễn Thanh Tùng (mentor) 3 Season 1, 2013: Hoàng Minh Hà Season 2, 2014: Lý Giám Tiền Season 3, 2015–2016: Nguyễn Tiến Truyển References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) L ibtissem, L ibtissem (October 25, 2023). "7Pour la première fois, «Project Runway El Djazair» version algérienne" (https://reveildalgerie.dz/2023/08/01/pour-la-premiere-fois-project-runway-el-djazair-version-algerienne/) . reveil d'algérie . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fakhry, Christina (April 4, 2016). "7 Lebanese TV Shows We Actually Miss" (https://www.beirut.com/l/46669) . Beirut.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Elie Saab partners with MBC to produce 'Project Runway Middle East' (https://english.alarabiya.net/media/television-and-radio/2016/04/15/Famed-designer-Elie-Saab-partners-with-MBC-to-produce-Project-Runway-Middle-East-) " (https://english.alarabiya.net/media/television-and-radio/2016/04/15/Famed-designer-Elie-Saab-partners-with-MBC-to-produce-Project-Runway-Middle-East-) . Al Arabiya News . April 15, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) ElHady, Hady (November 21, 2017). "Meet The Project Runway Middle East Season 2 Contestants" (https://scoopempire.com/project-runway-middle-east-season-2-contestants/) . Scoop Empire . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Doonan, Simon (October 15, 2007). "Iman dishes on Project Runway Canada" (https://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/iman-dishes-on-project-runway-canada) . Elle Canada . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Naït, Leïla. "Dans les coulisses de l'émission Projet Fashion avec Hapsatou Sy !" (https://www.marieclaire.fr/,hapsatou-sy-projet-fashion-d8,733293.asp) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Zeimepeoglou, Maria (January 27, 2019). "AND THE WINNER OF PROJECT RUNWAY GREECE IS… MARGARITA PRIFTAKI" (https://www.artfashion.gr/news/2019/01/27/winner-project-runway-greece/) . Art Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kupfer, Ruta (June 17, 2009). "Israel's 'Project Runway' Focuses More on People, Less on Clothing" (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/1.5066366) . Haaretz (/wiki/Haaretz) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zargani, Luisa (October 8, 2013). " (https://wwd.com/business-news/media/coming-to-italy-7213366/) 'Project Runway' Coming to Italy" (https://wwd.com/business-news/media/coming-to-italy-7213366/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Cordle, Ina Paiva (June 21, 2011). " (https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/06/21/project-runway-latin-america-to-move-to-miami/) 'Project Runway Latin America' to move to Miami" (https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/06/21/project-runway-latin-america-to-move-to-miami/) . The Mercury News (/wiki/The_Mercury_News) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ebrey, Evelyn (January 6, 2020). "Where are the Project Runway NZ contestants now?" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/tv-radio/118281333/where-are-the-project-runway-nz-contestants-now) . Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(website)) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Lillebo, Maria Røbech (May 14, 2007). "Designerspirene -hvem vinner?" (https://www.p4.no/underholdning/designerspirene--hvem-vinner/artikkel/230780/) . P4 Radio Hele Norge (/wiki/P4_Radio_Hele_Norge) (in Norwegian). ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Project Runway Philippines" (https://www.tvtime.com/pt_PT/show/349040) . TV Time . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Project Moda: Sobre o Programa" (https://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p26528) . Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal) (in Portuguese). ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Lerato Kganyago on hosting Project Runway SA: It feels unreal" (https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/lerato-kganyago-on-hosting-project-runway-sa-it-feels-unreal-20180524) . News24 (/wiki/News24_(website)) . May 24, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Han, Sang-hee (January 26, 2010). " (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2010/01/201_59686.html) 'Project Runway Korea' Season 2 Launches" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2010/01/201_59686.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Ström, Christian (October 1, 2012). "Fahrman: "Sverige är redo för det här" (https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/tv/a/P3nyO6/fahrman-sverige-ar-redo-for-det-har) " (https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/tv/a/P3nyO6/fahrman-sverige-ar-redo-for-det-har) . Aftonbladet (/wiki/Aftonbladet) (in Swedish). ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Thai edition of Project Runway is coming in 2022" (https://www.timeout.com/bangkok/news/thai-edition-of-project-runway-is-coming-in-2022-082721) . Time Out Bangkok . August 27, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-19) " (https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cumartesi/bu-programi-sunacak-tek-kisiyim-205000) "Bu programı sunacak tek kişiyim" (https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cumartesi/bu-programi-sunacak-tek-kisiyim-205000) " (https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cumartesi/bu-programi-sunacak-tek-kisiyim-205000) . Milliyet (/wiki/Milliyet) (in Turkish). July 7, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-20) НАТАЛІЯ ГОЦІЙ: «Я НЕ БОЮСЯ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ З АЛЛОЮ КОСТРОМІЧОВОЮ» . Novyi Kanal (/wiki/Novyi_Kanal) (in Ukrainian). February 15, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Holmwood, Leigh (August 26, 2008). "Project Catwalk dropped from Sky1" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/aug/26/bskyb.television) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "First Season of 'Project Runway Vietnam' ends" (https://vir.com.vn/first-season-of-project-runway-vietnam-ends-20983.html) . Vietnam Investment Review . June 19, 2013. v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_19) 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_20) All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Junior (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior_season_2) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Project_Runway_contestants) Winners Original Jay McCarroll (/wiki/Jay_McCarroll) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) * Leanne Marshall (/wiki/Leanne_Marshall) Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) * Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Michelle Lesniak Dom Streater Sean Kelly Ashley Nell Tipton Erin Robertson Kentaro Kameyama Sebastian Grey Geoffrey Mac (/wiki/Geoffrey_Mac) Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Bishme Cromartie All Stars Mondo Guerra 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Legal conflict between footwear manufacturers Ugg boots trademark disputes are the disputes between some footwear manufacturers, as to whether "ugg" is a protected trademark, or a generic term and thus ineligible for trademark (/wiki/Trademark) protection. In Australia and New Zealand, where "Ugg" is a generic term for the style of footwear, [1] (#cite_note-IPAus-1) [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) 702 registered trademarks include the term "Ugg" in various logos and designs. [3] (#cite_note-IPA-3) [4] (#cite_note-Hynes-4) By contrast, UGG (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) is a registered trademark of the California (/wiki/California) -based company Deckers Outdoor Corporation (/wiki/Deckers_Outdoor_Corporation) in over 130 countries worldwide, including the U.S., the European Union, and China. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) [5] (#cite_note-Turkish-5) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) (sometimes called uggs ) [6] (#cite_note-IPAustralia2006-01-16-6) in Australia (/wiki/Australia) and New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) are a unisex style of sheepskin boot (/wiki/Sheepskin_boots) . In many other countries, however, UGG (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) boots are a brand of footwear owned by Deckers. [7] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-7) The boots are made of twin-faced sheepskin (/wiki/Sheepskin) with fleece on the inside and with a tanned outer surface, often with a synthetic sole. The boots originated in Australia and New Zealand, initially as utilitarian footwear worn for warmth and comfort. UGG boots emerged as a fashion trend in the United States in the late 1990s and as a world-wide trend in the late 2000s. [7] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-7) Trademark law in the United States [ edit ] A pair of UGG (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) boots from the United States (/wiki/United_States) where the name is trademarked A pair of Ugg boots made in Australia (/wiki/Australia) where the name is generic The Lanham Act (/wiki/Lanham_Act) is the primary statute governing federal trademark law in the United States; [8] (#cite_note-Rest-8) however, as it only applies to "commerce which may lawfully be regulated by Congress", [9] (#cite_note-9) it does not address terms that are used in foreign countries. [notes 1] (#cite_note-10) The doctrine of foreign equivalents (/wiki/Doctrine_of_foreign_equivalents) guideline serves this purpose. [8] (#cite_note-Rest-8) Under the doctrine of "foreign equivalents", a foreign language term used in a foreign country that is considered generic in that country cannot be imported into the United States and used as a trademark. In applying the doctrine, the courts consistently refer to two policy rationales. [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) The first rationale, "the doctrine serves the interests of domestic competition": [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) "Because of the diversity of the population of the United States, coupled with temporary visitors, all of whom are part of the United States marketplace, commerce in the United States utilizes innumerable foreign languages. No merchant may obtain the exclusive right over a trademark registration if that exclusivity would prevent competitors from designating a product as what it is in the language their customers know best." — Otokoyama Co. Ltd. Vs Wine of Japan Import Inc. [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) The second rationale, "the doctrine serves the interests of international comity (/wiki/Comity) ": [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) "Because United States companies would be hamstrung in international trade if foreign countries granted trademark protection to generic English words, the United States reciprocates and refuses trademark protection to generic foreign words." — Enrique Bernat F., S.A. v. Guadalajara, Inc. [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) [12] (#cite_note-13) However, the Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (/wiki/Trademark_Manual_of_Examining_Procedure) ("TMEP") states that the test for applying the doctrine of foreign equivalents is "whether, to those American buyers familiar with the foreign language, the word would denote its English equivalent". [notes 2] (#cite_note-14) [10] (#cite_note-Chaudhri-11) [13] (#cite_note-15) Thus the doctrine is generally interpreted by courts as not applying if the generic word is not a word from a foreign language, but one from an English-speaking foreign country. [notes 3] (#cite_note-16) [notes 4] (#cite_note-17) [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) Court cases have noted that the generic status accorded to English-language words in foreign countries has no bearing on the registration of marks in the United States. The genericity argument was invoked for Ugg boots and was rejected by a U.S. district court which cited the following cases in support. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) In Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Stroh Brewery Co. , the court rejected as irrelevant the generic usage of the phrase "L.A. beer" in Australia for low-alcohol beer (/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer) . [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) [15] (#cite_note-Anheuser-19) The court ruled that "a term may be generic in one country and suggestive in another" [16] (#cite_note-Stroh-20) and that genericity in Australia was irrelevant. [17] (#cite_note-21) In Carcione v. The Greengrocer, Inc. , the court rejected as irrelevant the generic use of the term " Greengrocer (/wiki/Greengrocer) " in most English speaking countries for a retailer of fruit. The court rejected the argument on the grounds that it is irrelevant how a term is used outside the United States: [16] (#cite_note-Stroh-20) "The parties agree that the term is generic in Britain. Since we deal here with American trademark law, and thus American consumers, neither British usage nor the dictionary definition indicating such usage are determinative." [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) [18] (#cite_note-22) In another case, the court stated that while a term may be generic in another country, if "it is not so recognized in this country [the U.S.]... the mark must still be regarded as arbitrary and fanciful in the United States." and thus remains eligible for registration as a trademark in the United States. [19] (#cite_note-23) As the doctrine is a guideline rather than a rule, it has been criticized with commentators noting that United States courts are often contradictory and inconsistent in their application of the doctrine, and that it provides little guidance to owners when choosing their marks or to courts when assessing protectability or likelihood of mark confusion. [8] (#cite_note-Rest-8) It has been suggested by the International Trademark Association (/wiki/International_Trademark_Association) that the doctrine be abolished and replaced with one that applies equally to all foreign words, regardless of whether they are from a foreign language or an English language, and that they take into account that country's trademark laws. Under the proposed changes, "Terms that are generic are never protectible as trademarks and are never registerable". [20] (#cite_note-24) [21] (#cite_note-25) Trademark disputes [ edit ] Deckers (/wiki/Deckers_Outdoor_Corporation) UGG logo as registered in 1999. Deckers has registered "ugg" as a trademark in over 130 countries. The UGG trademark has been the subject of dispute in several countries. The trademark for "Ugh-Boots" has been removed from the trademark registry in Australia for non-use. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) Outside Australia and New Zealand, "UGG", in capital letters, is a registered trademark (/wiki/Trademark) of Deckers Outdoor Corporation (/wiki/Deckers_Outdoor_Corporation) . [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) In 1971, an Australian surfer, Shane Steadman, registered the name "UGH-BOOTS" as a trademark in Australia and began selling sheepskin boots under that name. In 1982 he registered the name "UGH" and a logo containing a stylised Sun with the words "UGG AUSTRALIA". [4] (#cite_note-Hynes-4) In 1979, Brian Smith, another Australian surfer, applied to be the United States distributor for Country Leather, a Western Australian (/wiki/Western_Australian) manufacturer of ugg boots, and began selling their Australian-made boots in New York and to surfers in California. [22] (#cite_note-UggLove-26) In 1987 he set up Ugg Holdings Inc. and in 1995 purchased the trademarks from Steadman. In 1996 he sold his interest to Deckers and in 1999 Deckers registered the trademarks for "UGG" in the US and 25 foreign countries. [4] (#cite_note-Hynes-4) [23] (#cite_note-AUTOREF5-27) [24] (#cite_note-28) Deckers began asserting its new trademark and sent out cease and desist (/wiki/Cease_and_desist) letters to Australian manufacturers who were using the name ugg for their boots but otherwise took little action. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) In the early 2000s, demand for ugg boots was soaring, partly as a result of US$8 million spent on marketing by Deckers, but also due to several celebrity endorsements. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) For the nine months to September 2004, UGG boots sales totaled $39.2 million, an increase of 180% over the previous year. Plans were also in place to expand the UGG brand to cover hats, scarves and gloves. [25] (#cite_note-PR_2004-29) With the continuing rise in popularity, Deckers now began a serious effort to halt the use of the name "ugg" by other manufacturers. Deckers' law firm, Middletons of Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne,_Australia) , sent cease and desist letters to a number of Australian and American manufacturers who were selling uggs over the Internet, preventing them from selling uggs on eBay (/wiki/EBay) or from using the word in their domain names (/wiki/Domain_name) or registered business names. [26] (#cite_note-AUTOREF6-30) Uggs-N-Rugs (/wiki/Uggs-N-Rugs) factory in Kenwick, Western Australia (/wiki/Kenwick,_Western_Australia) The manufacture of ugg boots in Australia was primarily a cottage industry (/wiki/Putting-out_system#Cottage_industry) . Individually lacking the resources to fight Deckers, 20 Australian manufacturers formed the Australian Sheepskin Association to fight the corporation's claim, arguing that "ugg" is a generic term referring to flat-heeled, pull-on sheepskin boots. [27] (#cite_note-31) [28] (#cite_note-AIM-32) They further argued that Australian manufacturers had been making and trading this style of boot for decades, including exporting them to the US. One of these manufacturers, Perth's (/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia) Uggs-N-Rugs (/wiki/Uggs-N-Rugs) , who had been manufacturing uggs since 1978 and selling them online since 1996, appealed to Australian trademark regulators, IP Australia (/wiki/IP_Australia) . [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) The officer who heard the case stated that the "evidence overwhelmingly supports the proposition that the terms (ugg, ugh and ug boots) are interchangeably used to describe a specific style of sheepskin boot and are the first and most natural way in which to describe these goods." In 2006 Uggs-N-Rugs won the right to use the term UGG BOOT/S and variations such as UGH BOOT/S. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) The case was the subject of a 2006 television documentary (/wiki/Documentary_film) , The Good, The Bad and The Ugg Boot . [29] (#cite_note-GoodBadAndUggBoot-33) Counsel for Uggs-N-Rugs was David Stewart [30] (#cite_note-34) instructed by Wrays: Counsel for Deckers was Christian Dimitriadis [31] (#cite_note-35) instructed by Ashurst (/wiki/Ashurst_LLP) . Deckers retained the rights to their UGG logo as trade mark protection only applies for the way the mark appears in its entirety and not for the words it contains. The name Ugg/UGG was determined to be generic after the Registrar of Trade Marks found that registration did not confer "rights in the generic term, or terms, from which it is derived" and that the identity of the various trade marks "derive from the hyphenated nature of the expression." Therefore, UGH boots, UG boots and UGG boots ("or other variations") without hyphens are all generic terms in Australia. [32] (#cite_note-36) IP Australia also ruled that the trademark "UGH-boots" (with hyphen) should be removed from the trademark register for non-use as Deckers had only been using the UGG logo, not the UGH marks. [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) [4] (#cite_note-Hynes-4) Deckers initially declined to pay Uggs-N-Rugs court costs as required by the 2006 ruling. [33] (#cite_note-terry2008p188-37) Following the publication of a Wall Street Journal (/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) article which referred to the oversight, Deckers paid the costs in September 2010. [34] (#cite_note-WSJ-38) The ruling only applies in Australia and Deckers still owns the trademarks in other jurisdictions such as the US, China (/wiki/China) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) and the European Union (/wiki/European_Union) . [2] (#cite_note-UggHowAMinnow-2) In 1998, Deckers demanded that the American company Koolaburra (/wiki/Koolaburra) cease infringing the UGG trademark. Koolaburra replied that they did not use the name "UGG" or "UGH" and that the only mark they used was "Ug". Deckers sent a further "cease and desist" letter in 2001 and another in 2003 but Koolaburra declined to stop using the name "Ug" and in 2004, Deckers filed a case against Koolaburra in the California federal court alleging (1) trademark infringement, (2) false designation of origin (Koolaburra labelled their boots "Australian Ug Boots"), (3) trademark dilution, (4) cybersquatting (/wiki/Cybersquatting) , (5) unfair competition, (6) trade disparagement, (7) unjust enrichment and (8) breach of contract (Deckers claimed that in 1998 Koolaburra had agreed to stop using the name Ug). Koolaburra in turn challenged that the name UGG was generic and not entitled to trademark protection. As the UGG mark was registered, Deckers was entitled to the assumption that it was not generic, thus the burden of proof (/wiki/Legal_burden_of_proof) rested with Koolaburra. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) In support, Koolaburra provided the testimony of America's National Surfing Team coach Peter Townend (/wiki/Peter_Townend_(surfer)) and Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) 's footwear buyer Heather Kolkey. These declarations were accepted by the court as anecdotal. Additionally, Koolaburra provided three instances of the generic usage of Ugg in American magazines; however, the court pointed out that the most recent was dated 1980. Koolaburra also quoted the New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) published Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) definition of "Ugg"; however, this was rejected after Deckers petitioned the Dictionary to change the definition of "Ugg" from "a kind of soft sheepskin boot" to a definition that included UGG's trademark, which the OED agreed to do. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) [34] (#cite_note-WSJ-38) Koolaburra then argued that the UGG trademark was invalid as Brian Smith had fraudulently registered the name by giving false representations that the term was not generic, arguing that "as an Australian citizen, Smith knew of the fact that the term Ugg was a generic term". This was rejected by the court as fraud requires an applicant to "knowingly" make the false representations, ruling that such belief was subjective, and finding that even if Smith knew the term was generic in Australia, he may have "honestly held [a] good faith belief" that it was not generic in the United States. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) Deckers countered through submitting declarations from four professionals in the footwear industry who stated that "UGG" is widely recognized in the industry as a brand name, not a generic term and provided the court with survey evidence supporting that consumers in the US consider UGG to be a brand name; among women aged 18 to 45 who had purchased footwear valued over $100 in the last 12 months, 58% believed UGG was a brand name while only 11% thought it generic. Koolaburra then argued that the term was generic under the doctrine of "foreign equivalents" (Under U.S. law, a term used in another country that is considered generic in that country cannot be imported into the United States and used as a trademark). This was rejected as the doctrine only applied to terms in a foreign language. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) In February 2005, the court ruled for Deckers on their claims of "trademark infringement" and "unfair competition", finding that a consumer would likely be confused with the similarity in "appearance, sight and sound" between "Ug" and UGG" as the parties were marketing in direct competition with identical products. However, the court declined to rule on the validity of trademarks in Australia as it was considered inappropriate to interfere with another country's rulings. [14] (#cite_note-Koolaburra-18) The Australian Sheepskin Association is attempting to change the name UGG into a regional mark similar to that achieved for Champagne (/wiki/Champagne) which would negate its trademark status in many jurisdictions. Deckers in response has focused on the fact that its UGG boots are made in China and not Australia. [35] (#cite_note-az-39) In 2012, sales of Deckers UGG boots totaled over US$630 million while the UGG brand, which now includes hats, scarves, gloves, slippers, casuals, jackets, coats, and handbags [25] (#cite_note-PR_2004-29) totaled over US$1 billion with 30% of sales outside of the United States. [7] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-7) Trademark infringement cases [ edit ] During a trademark infringement (/wiki/Counterfeit) and trade dress (/wiki/Trade_dress) case in 2008, a generic term defense was rejected by a Dutch (/wiki/Netherlands) court as not being applicable to counterfeit goods. The court also rejected La Cheapa's claim that as Australian companies believe "ugg" was a generic name, the "UGG AUSTRALIA" mark was not protected in the Benelux, noting that La Cheapa also admitted knowing that UGG in the Benelux is a famous brand which undermined their argument that UGG was generic. [36] (#cite_note-Dutch-40) La Cheapa distributed sheepskin boots it had purchased from a supplier in China on an Internet site from the Netherlands, describing them on its website as "100% authentic Ugg Australian boots!!!", with "UGG logo on the heel" and in boxes virtually identical to Deckers packaging. These were found by the court to be counterfeits. The Deckers case had also included La Cheapa's sale of imported boots manufactured by Jumbo Ugg Boots Binder Production Pty Ltd in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia branded Jumbo Uggs. The court stated that "given the exact similarity of the goods (namely: boots)" and the fact that the word "ugg" was part of the brand, and the undisputed fact that the "UGG brand" was popular in the Benelux (/wiki/Benelux) , it found that the importation and distribution of sheepskin boots which contained the word "ugg" in its label took an "unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character of the brand UGG" and was thus an infringement of the Deckers trademark. [36] (#cite_note-Dutch-40) On December 25, 2010, Deckers filed a trademark infringement suit in a bid to stop Emu Australia (/wiki/Emu_Australia) from using the UGG name on its sales website. On December 30 Emu Australia counter-sued for the cancellation of Deckers' UGG trademark in the US. Emu's suit alleged that Deckers' trademark was obtained after a false statement to the US Patent and Trademark Office and was therefore invalid. [37] (#cite_note-41) On 25 August 2011, the case was dismissed with prejudice (/wiki/Res_judicata) by stipulation of the parties but the terms of the settlement were not disclosed. [38] (#cite_note-42) [39] (#cite_note-43) In 2010, the validity of the UGG trademark was challenged in a Turkish court by a local manufacturer after his application to register a trademark containing the words UGGBOOTS and AUSTRALIA was rejected. Judge Verda Çiçekli ruled for Deckers, finding that UGG was not a generic term and did not have any descriptive nature in the Turkish language, except to refer to Deckers products. [5] (#cite_note-Turkish-5) The court further ruled that UGG was a well-known trademark that has gained recognition and distinctiveness worldwide, and while acknowledging the challenger's allegations that UGG was a generic term in Australia, ruled that such alleged facts have no bearing on the validity of the trademark within Turkey. [5] (#cite_note-Turkish-5) Deckers was also awarded costs in the action. In 2010, IP Australia (/wiki/IP_Australia) ruled on the trademark opposition dispute between Deckers and Luda Production Pty Ltd, granting Luda the right to register the trademarks UGG AUSTRALIA (& Design) and MADE BY UGG AUSTRALIA with costs awarded against Deckers. Luda declared that the "element ugg" was used generically in the sheepskin boot market but that its use had not caused any confusion with Luda's UGG AUSTRALIA products. Luda began manufacturing ugg boots in 1981 and in 1982 began selling its boots with woven heel counters featuring the UGG AUSTRALIA mark. In 1984, the company was incorporated (/wiki/Incorporation_(business)) at which time Luda had attempted to trademark its UGG AUSTRALIA logo but was asked by the Trade Mark Office not to proceed as the name was "descriptive" and was therefore not registerable. [40] (#cite_note-Freehills-44) In 2004, Luda filed another trademark application after becoming aware of "other products being sold bearing variations of the element UGG" in conjunction with the word "Australia." Deckers opposed the application on three grounds, prior use (Deckers argued that the prior use shown by Luda was invalid as the mark they sought to register was not "an exact copy" of the mark they used), that Deckers had a more significant reputation in Australia and that Luda had filed the application in bad faith. The court found that Deckers did not have a significant reputation in an Australian market which was dominated by Luda Productions, and thus failed the requirements of the Trade Practices Act, regarding public misapprehension of the origin of the manufacturer. The court noted that Luda's use of the term "UGG AUSTRALIA" predated Deckers' infringement defense by 22 years, which negated Deckers' claim that Luda was trading upon their reputation and that Luda had not filed in bad faith, but in order to gain statutory protection for trade marks already recognized in Australia. [41] (#cite_note-45) [42] (#cite_note-46) Regarding a non-use action between Deckers and Luda Production Pty, IP Australia confirmed that Deckers owned the trademark of their UGG AUSTRALIA label (with sun-like device); however, the scope of Deckers' trademark was narrowed, restricted to just footwear. [1] (#cite_note-IPAus-1) In 2011, Deckers filed suit against the Chinese (/wiki/China) company Dangdang (/wiki/Dangdang) for allegedly selling counterfeit Uggs at the Jingdong Mall and on Taobao (/wiki/Taobao) , a Chinese language website similar to eBay (/wiki/EBay) and Amazon (/wiki/Amazon.com) . Known as "snow boots" in China, Dangdang had been selling Australian made boots labeled Merino World UGG. In defense, a spokesperson from Jingdong Mall argued that the boots were a different brand to Deckers with the letters in the word "UGG" designed differently. In support, he cited Baidu Baike (/wiki/Baidu_Baike) , the Chinese online encyclopedia (/wiki/Encyclopedia) , which describes Ugg as a generic term for sheepskin boots. Asked to comment, the media and public relations Manager of the Australian Trade Commission (/wiki/Austrade) attached to the Australian Embassy in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) , Anthony-Yan stated that the snow boots style originated in Australia where all such boots are referred to as UGG boots. The Australian manufacturers' logos contained the word "UGG" in large block letters on the heel of the boot, and the court found that this practice deceived the ordinary consumer. [43] (#cite_note-Zhao_Blue-47) The court ruled that use of the word "ugg" in Chinese commerce was an infringement of the Deckers Chinese "UGG" trademark, and held the manufacturers and distribution firms liable. [43] (#cite_note-Zhao_Blue-47) [44] (#cite_note-PClady-48) The Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) suburb of Gaoqiao (/wiki/Gaoqiao,_Shanghai) is the nation's largest production base for snow boots with more than 200 businesses manufacturing footwear valued at more than 1 billion yuan (/wiki/Chinese_yuan) (US$163 million) annually; it is also "the nation's largest production base for imitation UGG brands," with an estimated 150 companies producing counterfeit UGGs. [44] (#cite_note-PClady-48) Deckers UGG boots cost from 1,500 to 8,000 yuan (US$240 to US$1,300) in China when demand exceeded supply in 2011, which led to a large market for both counterfeit UGGs and the lower priced uggs imported from Australia. [44] (#cite_note-PClady-48) In 2016, Sydney based small business Australian Leather was sued by Deckers in a Chicago court, alleging infringement of the UGG trademark due to 12 pairs of ugg boots sold online to American customers, 4 of which were purchased by Deckers employees. He was represented in his appeal by Nick Xenophon (/wiki/Nick_Xenophon) . In 2019, the court ordered Australian Leather to pay US$450,000 in damages and approximately 3 million in defendant's legal fees. [45] (#cite_note-49) [46] (#cite_note-50) Australian Leather appealed to the US Supreme Court, represented by former Australian senator by Nick Xenophon (/wiki/Nick_Xenophon) . The Australian federal government filed a friend of the court brief in support of the appeal. [47] (#cite_note-51) However, the Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal. [48] (#cite_note-52) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) Witherell, Brendan (2006). "Trademark Law—The Extraterritorial Application Of The Lanham Act" (http://digitalcommons.law.wne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=lawreview) . Western New England Law Review (/wiki/Western_New_England_University_School_of_Law) . 29 (1): 204–208. For a court to assert extraterritorial jurisdiction for the Lanham Act, (1) the conduct of the defendant must have a "substantial" effect on U.S. commerce; (2) the defendant must be a U.S. citizen; and (3) there can be no conflict with foreign law. Failing to satisfy one of the factors "might well be determinative", and "the absence of [two] is certainly fatal". — Vanity Fair Mills, Inc. v. T. Eaton Co., 234 F.2d 633 (2d Cir. 1956). ^ (#cite_ref-14) Guidance on when to apply the doctrine of foreign equivalents. Examination Guide 1-08 (http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/resources/exam/examguide1_08.jsp) United States Patent and Trademark Office (/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office) April 23, 2008 The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (/wiki/Trademark_Trial_and_Appeal_Board) has, for the purposes of the guide, ruled that an "ordinary American purchaser" refers to the "significant portion of consumers" who speak both English and the relevant foreign language. In the case In re Joint Stock Co. "Baik ," 80 USPQ2d 1305, 1310, 0.22% was accepted as a significant portion of consumers in the United States. ^ (#cite_ref-16) For foreign countries in which English is the primary language, the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that the generic status of an English-language term in that country was "irrelevant to the question [of] whether it should be accorded the same status in America" and carried no weight. Similarly, a California court has held that the "genericness" of an English-language term in an English-speaking foreign country "was not determinative of the alleged genericness of that term in the United States." — Rest Elizabeth J. (2006), Lost in Translation: pg. 1244 + 1246 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure § 1207.01: 1207.01(b)(vi) Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents (http://www.bitlaw.com/source/tmep/1207_01.html) "The doctrine should be applied only when it is likely that the ordinary American purchaser would stop and translate the foreign word into its English equivalent." References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Trade Marks Hearings 16 January 2006. Decision of a delegate of the registrar of trade marks with reasons. Pg 10 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Marks, Kathy (18 January 2006). "Ugg: How a minnow put the boot into a fashion giant" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/ugg-how-a-minnow-put-the-boot-into-a-fashion-giant-6111358.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 23 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-IPA_3-0) "Search for a trade mark (81 registered and 74 pending)" (http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/get-the-right-ip/trade-marks/search-for-a-trade-mark/) . IP Australia (/wiki/IP_Australia) . Retrieved 16 September 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d The battle of the UGG BOOT continues (https://web.archive.org/web/20110419023322/http://www.hyneslawyers.com.au/articles/the-battle-of-the-ugg-boot-continues.html) Hynes Lawyers February 11, 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b c Website of Walker Morris UK solicitors firm, Leeds. (http://www.walkermorris.co.uk/business-insights/bootiful-ugg-recognised-well-known-mark-turkey) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140107122127/http://www.walkermorris.co.uk/business-insights/bootiful-ugg-recognised-well-known-mark-turkey) 2014-01-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) "Bootiful - UGG recognised as a well known mark in Turkey" Legal Briefing from the Trade Marks and Designs Group, 3 October 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-IPAustralia2006-01-16_6-0) Thompson, Ian (16 January 2006). "Decision of a Delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks with Reasons" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080729001425/http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/pdfs/trademarks/hearings/245662_060116.pdf) (PDF) . IP Australia (/wiki/IP_Australia) . Archived from the original (http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/pdfs/trademarks/hearings/245662_060116.pdf) (PDF) on 29 July 2008 . Retrieved 17 November 2009 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sutherland & Tara Lachapelle, Brooke (26 November 2012). "UGGs in Play With Deckers Seen Luring Buyers: Real M&A" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-25/uggs-in-play-with-deckers-seen-luring-buyers-real-m-a.html) . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved February 23, 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Rest, Elizabeth J. (2006). "Lost in Translation: A Critical Examination of Conflicting Decisions Applying the Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents" (http://home.comcast.net/%7Ejlw28129/Foreign_Equivalents.pdf) (PDF) . Trademark Reporter (/wiki/International_Trademark_Association) . 96 (6): 1211–1212. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Quoting Lanham Act, 15 v.s.c. § 1114 (2000) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Sujata Chaudhri Trademark Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents (http://www.cll.com/clientuploads/pdfs/Chaudhri_article_JanFeb2007.pdf) Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman pg 1 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Otokoyama Co. Ltd. Vs Wine of Japan Import Inc. 175 F. 3D. 266,271 (2nd Circuit 1999) (https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/175/175.F3d.266.html) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Enrique Bernat F., S.A. v. Guadalajara, Inc., 210 F.3d 439 (5th Cir. 2000) (https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/210/210.F3d.439.99-50854.html) ^ (#cite_ref-15) TMEP 1207.01(b)(vi) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "United States District Court UGG Holdings, Inc. -v- Clifford Severen et al" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140108231941/http://www.deckers.com/ugg-is-a-brand/LegalDecisions/Koolaburra_decision.pdf) (PDF) . Deckers Outdoor Corporation (/wiki/Deckers_Outdoor_Corporation) . February 23, 2005. Archived from the original (http://www.deckers.com/ugg-is-a-brand/LegalDecisions/Koolaburra_decision.pdf) (PDF) on 8 January 2014 . Retrieved 12 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Anheuser_19-0) Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Stroh Brewery Co. , 750 F.2d 631, 641-42 (8th Cir. 1984). (https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/750/750.F2d.631.84-1714.html) ^ Jump up to: a b Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Stroh Brewery Co. C42 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Stroh Brewery Co. B92 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Carcione v. The Greengrocer, Inc. , 205 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 1075 (E.D. Cal. 1979). ^ (#cite_ref-23) Seiko Sporting Goods USA, Inc. v. Kabushiki Kaisha Hattori Tokeiten , 545 F. Supp. 221, 226 (S.D.N.Y. 1982) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Rest Elizabeth J. (2006), Lost in Translation: pg. 1221 ^ (#cite_ref-25) Serge Krimnus, The Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents at Death's Door (https://ssrn.com/abstract=1734567) , 12 N.C. J.L. & Tech. 159 (2010) ^ (#cite_ref-UggLove_26-0) Julie Neigher (20 December 2009). "It looks like Ugg love" (http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/20/image/la-ig-ugg20-2009dec20) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 19 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-AUTOREF5_27-0) Fink, Karl V.; Johnson, Carolyn M.; Miranda, David P. (February 5, 2004), "UGG Holdings, Inc. and Deckers Outdoor Corporation v. Paul Barclay d/b/a Australian Made Goods" (http://www.adrforum.com/domains/decisions/216873.htm) , National Arbitration Forum, retrieved August 25, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-28) UGG is a brand. Fact and Fiction. (http://www.deckers.com/ugg-is-a-brand/factFictionTable.html) Deckers Outdoor Corporation (/wiki/Deckers_Outdoor_Corporation) ^ Jump up to: a b Press Release (http://www.deckers.com/investors/press-releases/press-detail?releaseid=633831) Deckers October 24, 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-AUTOREF6_30-0) Arnold, James (19 February 2004). "Aussie boot battle takes an Uggly turn" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3495511.stm) . BBC News Online . Retrieved 23 August 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Arnold, James Aussie boot battle takes an Uggly turn (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3495511.stm) BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) February 19, 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-AIM_32-0) Taking On The Big Guys Is Never an Easy Task (http://www.aim.com.au/DisplayStory.asp?ID=542) Australian Institute of Management (/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Management) April 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-GoodBadAndUggBoot_33-0) Produced and directed by Susan Lambert, Jumping Dog Productions (14 September 2006). "The Good, The Bad, and The Ugg boot" (http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/netw/200609/programs/ZY7714A001D14092006T203000.htm) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. {{ cite episode (/wiki/Template:Cite_episode) }} : Missing or empty \|series= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-34) "of Bennett + Co" (https://bennettandco.com.au/our-people/david-stewart/) . Bennett + Co . Retrieved June 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "of Nigel Bowen Chambers" (http://www.nigelbowen.com.au/?barrister=Christian+Dimitriadis+SC) . Nigel Bowen Chambers . Retrieved June 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Decision of the delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks with reasons. January 16, 2006 pg 10 - 11 ^ (#cite_ref-terry2008p188_37-0) Terry, Andrew; Forrest, Heather (2008). "Where's the Beef? Why Burger King Is Hungry Jack's in Australia and Other Complications in Building a Global Franchise Brand". Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 2008 . 28 (2): 188. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0196-3228 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0196-3228) . ^ Jump up to: a b Behind the Brand: The Golden Fleece (http://magazine.wsj.com/features/behind-the-brand/the-golden-fleece/) Wall Street Journal (/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) September 9, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-az_39-0) UGG Trademark Disputes (http://azrightstrademarkregistration.co.uk/category/international-trademarks/) Azrights Solicitors. London April 8, 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b "Verdict: Case number / Docket number: 74950 / HA ZA 08-2234]" (http://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBDOR:2008:BG8866) (in Dutch). Court Dordrecht. December 24, 2008. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-41) "The battle of the uggs" (http://www.shoefaironline.com.au/blog/The-battle-of-the-uggs) . Shoe Fair Online . 25 January 2011 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Leonhardt, Megan (26 August 2011). "Deckers, Emu Resolve Ugg Trademark Suit" (http://www.law360.com/ip/articles/267597) . Law360.com . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Emu and Deckers reach settlement over Ugg name" (http://www.just-style.com/news/emu-and-deckers-reach-settlement-over-ugg-name_id112044.aspx) . Just-Style.com . 26 August 2011 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Freehills_44-0) UGG AUSTRALIA: fight over trade mark registration continues (http://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/Freehills/A0802112%2021%2025.PDF) Freehills Patent & Trade Mark Attorneys February 8, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-45) Windsor, Alison (September 29, 2010). "Decision of a Delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks with Reasons" (http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/pdfs/trademarks/hearings/1013798-2010.pdf) (PDF) . IP Australia . Retrieved November 13, 2010 . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-46) Don't feel sheepish about your uggies (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/dont-feel-sheepish-about-your-uggies/story-fn6bqphm-1226013106074) The Advertiser (/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)) February 28, 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b "Ugg" snow boots trademark dispute. (http://www.daanba.com/mynews/shangbiaoxinwen/7197.html) Daanba.com (Chinese language website of Zhao Blue trademarks law firm.) "The difference between the two [logos] is subtle ... enough to mislead the public." ^ Jump up to: a b c UGG trademark dispute creates industry market chaos. (http://dress.pclady.com.cn/meise/1112/775678.html) PClady magazine (Chinese language website), December 22, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-49) " (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-05/trademark-battle-for-australian-ugg-boots-back-in-us-court/100114174) 'If they win, I'll probably lose everything': Aussie ugg boot maker appeals US court ruling" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-05/trademark-battle-for-australian-ugg-boots-back-in-us-court/100114174) . ABC News . 4 May 2021 . Retrieved 6 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) " (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-05/trademark-battle-for-australian-ugg-boots-back-in-us-court/100114174) 'If they win, I'll probably lose everything': Aussie ugg boot maker appeals US court ruling" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-05/trademark-battle-for-australian-ugg-boots-back-in-us-court/100114174) . ABC News . ABC. 4 May 2021 . Retrieved 6 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) " (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-03/ugg-boot-manufacturer-continues-legal-fight-in-us/100589554) 'We're still on our feet': Ugg boot maker says case bolstered by government support" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-03/ugg-boot-manufacturer-continues-legal-fight-in-us/100589554) . ABC News . 2 November 2021 . Retrieved 6 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Australian ugg boot maker denied hearing in US Supreme Court against American retail giant" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-08/australian-ugg-boot-maker-loses-supreme-court-bid/100682456) . ABC News . 8 December 2021 . Retrieved 6 July 2024 . 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The Blusas parading in the streets of Vitoria-Gasteiz Blusas are individuals in the autonomous Basque (/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)) region in Spain (/wiki/Spain) who dress in the traditional clothes of the region and attend events in Vitoria-Gasteiz (/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz) (Basque Country) such as the Virgen Blanca Festivities (/wiki/Virgen_Blanca_Festivities) . The blusas assemble in groups called cuadrillas, and their main role is to provide entertainment at these events. Etymology [ edit ] Etymologically, blusas comes from the Basque language (/wiki/Basque_language) and refers to the typical long shirts worn at the festivities. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) However, this word was a loanword from the Spanish blusa which describes the clothes worn in the countryside by farmers. It was also a loanword from the French blouse, which itself had a German origin. History [ edit ] Celedón (/wiki/Celed%C3%B3n) The festivities in Vitoria-Gasteiz have a rural origin. It was originally held for attendance at los toros . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Throughout history they have been developed in accordance with the population. Even though the beginning of the blusas tradition is pretty unknown, it is believed that it may have a direct relationship with the myth of Celedón . There are several versions of this story as the tale was passed down orally. However, two versions are noted by Basque traditions as the most reliable ones: The first version tells the story of Celedonio Aizola, an outgoing bricklayer from Zalduondo (/wiki/Zalduondo) . His fame came from his good people skills used in the Virgen Blanca Festivities (/wiki/Virgen_Blanca_Festivities) several decades before. It is said that every time he stepped into this village, he made all the inhabitants gather in order to party with him. Later, in 1975, some friends of his came up with an idea to hang an artificial figure which resembled Celedonio so as to make the Vitoria's festivities start some year after the man's death. In modern events that invention is part of the tradition. The second version is about Celedón Iturralde. A friend of his, Pedro Fernandez de Retana, who was the organist of Vitoria around the 1870s, took the role of organizing this village's festivities. This man emphasized in telling that he was doing it as a memorial of Celedon Iturralde, who died 12 years before in the Carlist Wars (/wiki/Carlist_Wars) . In 1918, Mariano San Miguel gathered all the traditional songs of the festivities into a song book, and among them there was the song which Celedón wrote with the phrase: " Celedón ha hecho una casa nueva. Celedón, con ventana y balcón ". These lines talk about the house which was made by Celedón in Bitoriano (a small village next to Vitoria) where he had a balcony and a window (mentioned in the song several times). This emblematic character of the Basque is seen as the origin of the festivities of Vitoria-Gasteiz (/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz) . It is a mystery when the blusas and neskas officially began the tradition of dressing up, but it is believed by Basque citizens that at the very beginning, there used to be only men. However, those ancient characteristics have gradually changed up to the point that nowadays almost every cuadrilla is mixed. It is thought that blusas have celebrated this tradition from its very beginning to modern celebrations inconsistently, but after the civil war and the time of dictation this tradition disappeared for some years. The " cuadrillas " in the present day [ edit ] The " cuadrillas " are usually thought to be just a grouping of inhabitants in the festivities, but they are far more than that. In fact, they give social aid by going to elderly's residences or organizing special events for children during the year. Their brotherhood goes much further into other festivities such as " San Prudencio (/wiki/San_Prudencio) ". The cuadrillas have the notion that to them there are no real rules. Nevertheless, they do have some unwritten ones, which are given from the old to the new. Besides, everybody has the opportunity to join these groups in exchange for some money. Festival routine [ edit ] Blusas are the main cheerleaders of festivals and thus their routine is connected to it. During the corrida , they gather and parade near the bullring without entering. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Their activities could be divided into two parts: Religious activities: Consists of going to San Miguel's church and participating in the religious pilgrimage in order to give the Virgen Blanca bouquets of flowers. Social activities: As an example, doing the famous "Paseillos" or organizing activities from the citizens. The Paseillo is to parade across the center of the city with a fixed route. During the parade, each cuadrilla goes dancing, singing, and drinking happily with the help of musicians who play " txarangas " (songs with a lively rhythm and catchy lyrics). Meanwhile, the audience stays on the edges of the road the blusas have to follow. Young ladies especially wait for the blusas to pick them and take them to dance. The blusas give stickers which symbolise the cuadrilla they belong to, which are meant to be placed on to festival-goers clothing. Attire [ edit ] The blusas wear the typical rural attire the Araba natives once wore. The outfit consists of a shirt, a "blusa" (blouse), a pair of trousers and the " albarcas (/wiki/Albarca) " whereas "neskas" wear a blouse, long skirt and " albarcas (/wiki/Albarca) ". Cuadrillas [ edit ] Alegrios Basatiak Batasuna Belakiak Bereziak Biznietos de Celedón Los Desiguales Galtzagorri Gasteiztarrak Hegotarrak Jatorrak Karraxi Luken Martinikos Okerrak (http://www.okerrak.com) Nekazariak Petralak Turutarrak Txinpartak Txirrita Txolintxo Zintzarri Zoroak See also [ edit ] Virgen Blanca Festivities (/wiki/Virgen_Blanca_Festivities) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Douglass, Carrie B. (1999). Bulls, Bullfighting, and Spanish Identities . Tucson: University of Arizona Press. p. 223. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8165-1651-0 . http://www.blogseitb.com/vitoriagasteiz/2012/03/06/vitoria-descubre-quien-fue-celedon-y-donde-esta-su-casa/ (http://www.blogseitb.com/vitoriagasteiz/2012/03/06/vitoria-descubre-quien-fue-celedon-y-donde-esta-su-casa/) http://www.euskonews.com/0632zbk/elkar_eu.html (http://www.euskonews.com/0632zbk/elkar_eu.html) http://www.elcorreo.com/alava/fiestas/vitoria-gasteiz-la-blanca/noticias/blusas-vitoria-descubierto-201207251056.html (http://www.elcorreo.com/alava/fiestas/vitoria-gasteiz-la-blanca/noticias/blusas-vitoria-descubierto-201207251056.html) External links [ edit ] (Basque) http://www.euskonews.com/0632zbk/elkar_eu.html (http://www.euskonews.com/0632zbk/elkar_eu.html) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐bmlxv Cached time: 20240622230320 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.218 seconds Real time usage: 0.365 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 263/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2340/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 259/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4827/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.127/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2736230/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 289.496 1 -total 59.96% 173.575 1 Template:Reflist 51.07% 147.857 1 Template:Cite_book 38.79% 112.297 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 5.04% 14.591 1 Template:DMCA 3.90% 11.281 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 2.74% 7.930 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 1.91% 5.518 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages 1.18% 3.419 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45503528-0!canonical and timestamp 20240622230320 and revision id 1211857632. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blusas&oldid=1211857632 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blusas&oldid=1211857632) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of the Basque Country (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Basque_Country) Vitoria-Gasteiz (/wiki/Category:Vitoria-Gasteiz) Basque festivals (/wiki/Category:Basque_festivals) Hidden category: Use dmy dates from March 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2015)
Style in which people dress their dogs Dog as TV star Belgian National Day Brussels 2012. Dressing up a dog can help people feel more attached to it. Dog fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in canine clothing (/wiki/Clothing) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . Dog fashion (/wiki/Fashion) is a distinctive trend (/wiki/Market_trend) of the style in which people dress their canine (/wiki/Dog) companions. This trend dates back to the Egyptian (/wiki/Egypt) predynastic period and has since expanded due to increased consumer capitalism (/wiki/Consumer_capitalism) . Other animals such as cats (/wiki/Cat) may also wear fashion. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History [ edit ] There is evidence from ancient Egypt that people were using decorative collars (/wiki/Collar_(animal)) to adorn their dogs. One collar was discovered in the tomb (/wiki/Tomb) of the ancient Egyptian nobleman Maihar Piri in 1440 BC. It depicts hunting scenes embossed into leather (/wiki/Leather) . The dog's name, Tantanuit, is visible on the collar. He was a favorite dog of the nobleman who wished to bring him to the afterlife. [2] (#cite_note-2) There are also silver (/wiki/Silver) , gold (/wiki/Gold) , silk (/wiki/Silk) and velvet (/wiki/Velvet) decorative dog collars from the time of King Henry VIII (/wiki/King_Henry_VIII) which were used to represent how many battles the dog survived. [3] (#cite_note-3) During the Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) , dogs were seen as objects of possession and thus collars were fitted with padlocks (/wiki/Padlocks) where only the owner of the dog had the key. Nobility and the upper class have been decorating their canine companions for centuries and there is photographic evidence from 1900 of people dressing their dogs in human costumes. [4] (#cite_note-4) Today, it is common for people to dress up their dogs, particularly small dogs, and canine clothing has become a global phenomenon (/wiki/Phenomenon) . In 2011, there was a dog fashion show in New York called Last Bark at Bryant Park. [5] (#cite_note-Nypost-5) Dog fashion and style has been greatly influenced with the advent of the internet. [6] (#cite_note-Darian-6) New professions have arisen driven by consumer capitalism, such as the pet style expert. [7] (#cite_note-7) Clothing [ edit ] Dog dressed as a Texans (/wiki/Houston_Texans) cheerleader as a Halloween costume Dog clothes are available in various price ranges, from inexpensive to high-end designer styles. Typically toy and small breed dogs (/wiki/Dog_breed) , such as Chihuahuas (/wiki/Chihuahua_(dog)) and Yorkshire Terriers (/wiki/Yorkshire_Terrier) , are dressed in dog clothes, although even large breeds like Golden Retrievers (/wiki/Golden_Retriever) can wear clothes, too. It is more common to dress small dogs because they are easier to dress and they often suffer from cold temperatures. Dog clothes are made to be either functional or for show. Functional dog clothes are for protection from the elements and allergens (/wiki/Allergens) . Dog clothes that are purely for show would be used as costumes for holidays and special occasions, such as Halloween or weddings. A dog wearing a coat Dog coats (/wiki/Coat_(clothing)) are most commonly used for protection against rain and cold and to provide extra warmth. Dog coats are also used as fashion accessories. Dog sweaters (/wiki/Sweaters) are both functional and fashion accessories. They provide extra warmth for dogs that are hairless or suffer from the cold and come in an array of patterns and styles, such as cable knitted sweaters or hooded sweatshirts (/wiki/Hoodie) with embellishments. A hairless dog wearing a shirt Dog shirts can be used to help keep a dog clean and as fashion accessories. They can also be used to help protect a dog who is excessively scratching itself due to allergies or prevent hairless dogs (/wiki/Hairless_dogs) from getting sunburned. They are available in a t-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) style with short or long sleeves as well as a sleeveless tank top for use during warmer weather. Dog dresses are purely fashion accessories and are mainly worn on toy and small breed dogs. [6] (#cite_note-Darian-6) Dog tuxedos also exist. Some people may involve dogs in formal-wear at their weddings, whether in photos, parties, or at the ceremony itself. There has been at least one documented case of a dog serving as the owner's best man. [8] (#cite_note-8) Dog hats are an alternative to clothes if dogs get too warm wearing garments. Dog hats can be worn for warmth or to be fashionable. One hat trend has holes for pointy eared dogs. This allows owners to dress up their dog without disguising the breed. Fashion shows [ edit ] There is a clear distinction between pet shows [9] (#cite_note-9) and pet fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_shows) . The pet fashion show's emphasis is on the clothes, not on the dog. In countries all over the world, pet fashion shows are becoming increasingly popular [10] (#cite_note-10) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) During these shows, well groomed (/wiki/Dog_grooming) pets strut down the runway wearing high fashion clothes. Some well known designers such as Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) have designed outfits for dogs. [13] (#cite_note-13) Anthony Rubio (/wiki/Anthony_Rubio) , a New York designer, was the first to hold a canine fashion show at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Designer fashions [ edit ] Dog coats, collars, cute sweaters, shirts (/wiki/Shirts) , stylish dresses (/wiki/Dresses) , and booties (/wiki/Bootee) are some of the items people purchase to adorn their dogs with style. [6] (#cite_note-Darian-6) Some major international fashion retailers such as Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) have launched their own canine clothing lines. [15] (#cite_note-15) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) has a line of leashes and collars for dogs with their trademark LV pattern. [16] (#cite_note-16) Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) also has a line of collars and leashes for dogs with crystals. [17] (#cite_note-17) Statistics [ edit ] The canine fashion industry has become a multi-billion dollar business [18] (#cite_note-18) set to top £30 billion in 2015. In the US, expenditure on pet supplies, including clothing, has been steadily increasing for the last twenty years with 2014 estimated spending at $13.72 billion. As of 2014, an estimated 26.7 million US households owned a dog, and an estimated 83.3 million dogs were kept as pets in the United States (/wiki/United_States) . The dog fashion industry is projected to continually grow. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2021, the pet apparel market was valued at $5.7 billion, with dog owners accounting for the majority of sales. [20] (#cite_note-20) Sociological perspective [ edit ] Humans typically have deep attachments to their dogs because dogs are adept at fulfilling emotionally supportive roles in people's lives which results in high levels of attachment. Dog owners who are single, childless, newly married, empty nesters, divorced, or in a second marriage tend to anthropomorphize their pets more often. Dogs can be emotional substitutes for family members such as children and spouses and they contribute to the moral maintenance of people who live alone. [21] (#cite_note-21) Dogs have become increasingly important and treated as unique individuals. In a world where people are increasingly disconnected from their families, they rely more on their pets (/wiki/Pets) , specifically dogs, to fill emotional voids. Pets have become a relatively easy and lovable replacement for children or a strong community. [22] (#cite_note-22) Humans have been dependent on animals as sources of companionship and artistic inspiration since the Paleolithic period (/wiki/Paleolithic_period) , and animals have continued to mold the shape of human culture and psychology ever since. [23] (#cite_note-23) Consumer capitalism viewpoint [ edit ] Increasing affluence means that more people can spend resources on items that are not necessary, like clothes and costumes (/wiki/Costumes) . [24] (#cite_note-24) People express themselves through fashion. As Georg Simmel says, "Style is the manifestation of our inner feelings and through style we demonstrate our taste, values, and status. We project all of those qualities onto our dogs when we dress them." [25] (#cite_note-25) The appearance of a dog reflects the status of the owner: dressing a dog is more about the owner than the animal. When an owner dresses up their dog they establish a unique bond with the dog that places them at an even more personal and intimate level. [6] (#cite_note-Darian-6) Media [ edit ] Dogs are often shown in movies dressed up in clothing and costumes. This reflects the contemporary trend of dog fashion. In films such as Oliver and Company (/wiki/Oliver_and_Company) , one of the characters is a female dog, Georgette, who indulges in luxury fashion and wears leopard print scarves, big hats, and jeweled collars. [26] (#cite_note-26) Two chihuahuas wearing fashionable clothing. In the Disney (/wiki/Disney) film Beverly Hills Chihuahua (/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Chihuahua) , a family of chihuahuas portray small dogs wearing fashionable clothes including sunglasses, hats, shirts, dresses, jeweled collars, and bandanas. In one scene, a wedding takes place between two dogs where the female dog wears a bridal gown and the male dog groom wears a tuxedo. [27] (#cite_note-27) A popular trend in various kids films, dogs are shown with the capability of human speech and dressed up in human clothing while remaining quadrupedal. A great example of this would be Air Bud (1997) (/wiki/Air_Bud) . The film centers around an escaped circus dog turned adopted stray that is taken to a basketball court and is discovered to have incredible talent in the sport. [28] (#cite_note-28) Throughout the film, the dog is shown in various human outfits and attire. See also [ edit ] Collar (animal) (/wiki/Collar_(animal)) Fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) Georg Simmel (/wiki/Georg_Simmel) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Dusseau, Brigitte (February 13, 2015). "Cats and dogs decked out for the pet version of New York Fashion Week" (http://uk.businessinsider.com/afp-pets-dress-to-the-nines-at-ny-fashion-week-2015-2?r=US) . Business Insider . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091321/http://uk.businessinsider.com/afp-pets-dress-to-the-nines-at-ny-fashion-week-2015-2?r=US) from the original on 2015-04-02 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Maspero, G (1902). "Guide du Visiteur au Musée du Caire" (https://archive.org/details/guidemuseecaire00masp) . Le Caire, Imprimerie de L'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Weir, Alison (2008). Henry VIII: King and Court . Random House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781446449233 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024124/https://books.google.com/books?id=SA7A89d0W2YC&q=alison+weir+the+magnificent+excellent+triumphant+court&pg=PA24) from the original on 2024-05-31 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gates, Sara (October 8, 2012). "Portraits of Bulldogs: Vintage pictures of dogs in costumes from the early 1900s" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/portraits-of-bulldogs-vintage-photos-costume_n_1764305.html) . Huffingtonpost.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150416034929/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/portraits-of-bulldogs-vintage-photos-costume_n_1764305.html) from the original on 2015-04-16 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nypost_5-0) Post Staff Report (April 13, 2010). "Dogs Strut Their Stuff in Last Bark at Bryant Park" (https://nypost.com/2010/04/13/dogs-strut-their-stuff-in-last-bark-at-bryant-park/) . NYPost.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150403194210/http://nypost.com/2010/04/13/dogs-strut-their-stuff-in-last-bark-at-bryant-park/) from the original on 2015-04-03 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Darian, Nichols (April 14, 2014). "50 dog articles' (https://books.google.com/books?id=Pd9ZAwAAQBAJ&q=dog+clothing&pg=PT24) " (https://books.google.com/books?id=Pd9ZAwAAQBAJ&q=dog+clothing&pg=PT24) . Bookpubber . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Foster, Dara. "Dara Foster-Pet Style Expert" (http://darafoster.com/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20031031013440/http://darafoster.com/) from the original on 2003-10-31 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) david, jiang. "KUOSER DOG TUXEDO" (https://www.kuoser.com/collections/dog-tuxedo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210411063629/https://www.kuoser.com/collections/dog-tuxedo) from the original on 2021-04-11 . Retrieved April 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The London Pet Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318174354/http://www.londonpetshow.co.uk/) . Archived from the original (http://www.londonpetshow.co.uk) on 2015-03-18 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "New York Pet Fashion Show" (http://www.newyorkpetfashionshow.com/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150319110328/http://www.newyorkpetfashionshow.com/) from the original on 2015-03-19 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Old Spitalfields Paw Pageant 2014" (http://www.oldspitalfieldsmarket.com/events/old-spitalfields-paw-pageant-2014) . Old Spitalfields Market. Archived (https://archive.today/20150417185209/http://www.oldspitalfieldsmarket.com/events/old-spitalfields-paw-pageant-2014) from the original on 2015-04-17 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dog Fashion Show" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/dog-fashion-show/%22) . The Huffington Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024126/https://www.huffpost.com/) from the original on 2024-05-31 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Alexander Wang" (http://www.alexanderwang.com/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150314132809/http://www.alexanderwang.com/) from the original on 2015-03-14 . Retrieved 2015-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Jensen, Tasia (2019-09-08). "The Top Dogs of New York Fashion Week, in Anthony Rubio's Stunning 'Canine Couture' (https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-top-dogs-of-new-york-fashion-week-in-anthony-rubios-stunning-canine-couture) " (https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-top-dogs-of-new-york-fashion-week-in-anthony-rubios-stunning-canine-couture) . The Daily Beast . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210914004711/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-top-dogs-of-new-york-fashion-week-in-anthony-rubios-stunning-canine-couture) from the original on 2021-09-14 . Retrieved 2021-09-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Ralph Lauren" (http://www.ralphlauren.com/family/index.jsp?categoryId=2098657) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053446/http://www.ralphlauren.com/family/index.jsp?categoryId=2098657) from the original on 2015-03-18 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Louis Vuitton: Pet accessories" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150327094208/http://us.louisvuitton.com/eng-us/men/small-leather-goods/pet-accessories) . Archived from the original (http://us.louisvuitton.com/eng-us/men/small-leather-goods/pet-accessories) on 2015-03-27 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Swarovski Crystal Collar" (http://www.dogcollarsboutique.com/Swarovski-Crystal-p-1-c-64.html) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150325033532/http://www.dogcollarsboutique.com/Swarovski-Crystal-p-1-c-64.html) from the original on 2015-03-25 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Why do people dress up their pets?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16943314) . BBC News Magazine . February 8, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024126/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16943314) from the original on 2024-05-31 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics" (http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp) . American Pet Products Association. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210309131043/https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp) from the original on 2021-03-09 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Trebay, Guy (2023-01-12). "Men's Wear Puts on the Dog" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/style/mens-wear-puts-on-the-dog.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230116004810/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/style/mens-wear-puts-on-the-dog.html) from the original on 2023-01-16 . Retrieved 2023-01-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Albert, Alexa; Bulcroft, Kris (May 1998). "Pet Families and the Life Course". Journal of Marriage and Family . 50 (2): 543–552. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/352019 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F352019) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 352019 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/352019) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Goudreau, Jenna (October 15, 2009). "The Pet Culture" (https://www.forbes.com/2009/10/15/pets-dogs-cats-forbes-woman-time-children.html) . Forbes . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150407052106/http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/15/pets-dogs-cats-forbes-woman-time-children.html) from the original on 2015-04-07 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Podberscek, Anthony L.; Paul, Elizabeth S.; Serpell, James A. (2000). Companion Animals and Us . Cambridge University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780521017718 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024127/https://books.google.com/books?id=tSs2yV_F4n0C&q=pet+culture+sociology&pg=PA1#v=snippet&q=pet%20culture%20sociology&f=false) from the original on 2024-05-31 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Vanessa, May (2011). Sociology and Personal Life . London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780230344211 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Simmel, Georg (May 1957). "Fashion" (http://sites.middlebury.edu/individualandthesociety/files/2010/09/Simmel.fashion.pdf) (PDF) . The American Journal of Sociology . 62 (6): 541–558. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1086/222102 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F222102) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 222424000 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222424000) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150615202839/http://sites.middlebury.edu/individualandthesociety/files/2010/09/Simmel.fashion.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-15 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Oliver & Company" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1) . IMDb. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150308031527/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1) from the original on 2015-03-08 . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1482393/?ref_=nv_sr_3) . IMDb . Retrieved 2015-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Air Bud (1997) - IMDb , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220927064946/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118570/plotsummary) from the original on 2022-09-27 , retrieved 2022-09-23 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dogs wearing clothes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dogs_wearing_clothes) . " (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34357640) 'Pope dogs' craze triggered by papal visit" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34357640) , BBC News , 25 September 2015 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4x2p8 Cached time: 20240720204555 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.441 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1652/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52056/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 937/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 108648/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.218/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5070832/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 375.412 1 -total 63.83% 239.640 1 Template:Reflist 42.75% 160.486 20 Template:Cite_web 18.88% 70.870 1 Template:Short_description 12.52% 47.007 1 Template:Commons_category 11.97% 44.951 1 Template:Sister_project 11.52% 43.244 1 Template:Side_box 10.52% 39.478 2 Template:Pagetype 5.63% 21.121 3 Template:Main_other 5.13% 19.258 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45643639-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204555 and revision id 1235079555. 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Men in sayn kaytā trousers, circa 1920s Newar woman in parsi, circa 18-1900 Hāku patāsi Bhāntānlan Child in Janku attire Newar bride flanked by two women in parsi, 1941 Traditional Newar clothing ( Nepali (/wiki/Nepali_language) : नेवार समुदायमा भएको संस्कृति पहिरन ) refers to the everyday clothes worn by the Newar (/wiki/Newar) people of Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) who are indigenous to the Kathmandu Valley (/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley) and surrounding regions. The garments are associated with the old aristocracy, merchants, farmers, craftsmen and professionals. Most of the clothes are made of homespun. Weaving was a major industry in the Kathmandu Valley. Many people had handlooms in their homes, and in the old days a spinning wheel and a seed separator were one of the required bridal gifts. [1] (#cite_note-1) People wove cloth for personal use or for sale. The finished cloth was sent to be dyed to the dyers who made up a caste group called Chhipa (now Ranjit or Ranjitkar). The practice of home weaving continued till the 1960s. Women warping the yarn on the streets were a common sight till those times. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) A description of the clothes worn by ordinary Newars in the early 18th century can be found in the travelogue left by Italian Jesuit Ippolito Desideri (/wiki/Ippolito_Desideri) . In 1721, Desideri visited Kathmandu on his way from Tibet (/wiki/Tibet) to India (/wiki/India) . Describing the clothes of the local people, he has written that they wear a woollen or cotton jacket reaching to the knees and long trousers down to their ankles. They wear a red cap on their head, and slippers on their feet, he wrote. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1973, the government of Nepal issued a postage stamp showing a painting of the traditional costume of the Kathmandu Valley as part of a series of stamps of the traditional clothes worn in various regions of Nepal. Tapālan [ edit ] Men's common costume consists of a long shirt called tapālan ( Nepal Bhasa (/wiki/Nepal_Bhasa) : तपालं) and tight fitting trousers known as suruwā (सुरुवा:). A waistcoat and coat may be worn over the shirt. Today, the garment is worn during special occasions, official functions and festivals while it is still everyday wear for many among the older generation. Men dress in tapālan and suruwā and women wear the hāku patāsi when taking part in the New Year's Day parade of Nepal Sambat (/wiki/Nepal_Sambat) . This traditional dress is also worn during wedding processions. [5] (#cite_note-5) [ self-published source ] [6] (#cite_note-6) Hāku patāsi [ edit ] Women wear black cotton saris (/wiki/Sari) with a red border known as hāku patāsi (हाकु पतासि) or hāku parsi (हाकु पर्सि). It is still widely used especially among farmer women as everyday wear and is the most popular dress during festive occasions. A blouse fastened with cloth ties called misālan (मिसालं) is worn with the sari. A shawl, gā (गा), is wrapped around the upper part of the body. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 1973, Nepal's Postal Services Department issued a commemorative stamp of a woman and a man dressed in haku patāsi and tapālan to show the traditional clothing of the Kathmandu Valley. The stamp was part of a series on the costumes of various parts of Nepal. [9] (#cite_note-9) Sayn kaytā [ edit ] Sayn kaytā (सँय कयता) are traditional men's trousers. They were worn mostly by the merchant and courtier classes till the 1930s. The baggy trousers are gathered at the knee and fastened with a piece of string. The trousers feature a drawstring tie waist. The material used to make the sayn kayta is raw silk. A pair requires 6 yards of material. The sayn kayta is worn with a long shirt which is held in place by cloth ties. A cotton cummerbund completes the set. Parsi [ edit ] Some classes of Newar women wore plain or printed saris (/wiki/Sari) known as parsi (पर्सि). It has many pleats which are gathered at the front and tied in a bunch with a piece of string. These saris were up to 20 yards long. Bhāntānlan [ edit ] Girls wear an ankle-length tight-fitting gown known as bhāntānlan (भान्तांलं) which extends from the neck to the ankles. It is smitten at the sides to reveal the legs; the upper part is fastened with cloth ties. Drop crotch pants were another popular item of clothing for girls. They are worn with a knee-length dress. Ceremonial attire [ edit ] Special costumes are worn during lifecycle ceremonies like Janku, a baby's first rice feeding, initiation rites, weddings, old-age rituals and investitures (/wiki/Investiture) . A child undergoing his or her first rice feeding is dressed in a vest and cap made of brocade. Boys celebrating their coming-of-age ceremony wear a loincloth. For Buddhist boys, the corresponding right is Bare Chhuyegu which is an initiation into the monkhood, and they wear a monk's robe. Girls dress up in the fancy attire of silk and brocade in grown-up designs for their Ihi (/wiki/Ihi) and Baray, two ceremonies they undergo before reaching their teens. Priests wear ankle-length pleated gowns during special religious services. Caps, turbans and crowns are the headwear worn with ceremonial garments. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Historical gallery [ edit ] Men in local dress and Western coats, c. 1930 Men in tapālan and suruwā, c. 1940 Bride flanked by two women in parsi, 1941 Group of women, c. 1930-1935 Manandhar women in Kathmandu, c. 1890 Manandhar men in Kathmandu, c. 1925 Mathema (subdivision: Chhathariya) men in sayn kaytā, 1890 Shakyas in jāmā gowns, c. 1868-1875 Newar women weavers in Kathmandu, 1894 Stamp showing traditional clothing of Kathmandu Modern gallery [ edit ] A girl is preparing to go to school in a Newari dress Tapaln Newar girl in cultural dress Newar children in Nepal performing Ihi, also known as Bel Marriage Newar lady in her traditional dress Newar woman of Saldanda Village, Syangja Nepal Newar girls playing stones Newar man playing Pakhawaaja (Newar drum) Music performed by the Newar community in Lalitpur district Newar ladies during Bhiumshen jatra at Sunakethi, Lalitpur. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chattopadhyay, K.P. (1923). "An Essay on the History of Newar Culture" (https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002183942/mobot31753002183942_djvu.txt) . Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal . 19 (10). Asiatic Society of Bengal: 551 . Retrieved 4 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Campbell, A. (1836). "Notes on the State of the Arts of Cotton Spinning, Weaving, Printing, and Dyeing in Nepal". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 5 . G. H. Rouse, Baptist Mission Press. p. 219 . Retrieved 15 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hamilton, Francis Buchanan (1819). An Account of The Kingdom of Nepal . A. Constable and Company, Edinburgh. p. 232 . Retrieved 13 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Desideri, Ippolito (1995). "The Kingdom of Nepal". In De Filippi, Filippo (ed.). An Account of Tibet: The Travels of Ippolito Desideri 1712-1727 AES reprint . Asian Educational Services. p. 314. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788120610194 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Muiznieks, Persijs (2011). National Costumes of Nepal . Xlibris Corporation. p. 20. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781469128047 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Anisha. "Traditional Newari attire" (http://bossnepal.com/traditional-newari-attire/) . Boss Nepal . Retrieved 23 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Manandhar, Aastha (13 September 2012). "Red, black, and changing perceptions of beauty" (http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2012/09/12/related_articles/red-black-and-changing-perceptions-of-beauty/239563.html) . The Kathmandu Post . Kathmandu . Retrieved 13 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Reed, David (2002). Nepal . Rough Guides. p. 507. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781858288994 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "List of Nepali Postage Stamps Issued" (http://www.rajan.com/stamps/st1973.htm) . Retrieved 19 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lewis, Todd T. "A Modern Newar Guide for Vajrayana Life-Cycle Rites" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/147946199/A-Modern-Guide-for-Vajrayana-Life-Cycle-Rites-Todd-Lewis) . Retrieved 8 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Shrestha, Bal Gopal (July 2006). "The Svanti Festival: Victory over Death and the Renewal of the Ritual Cycle in Nepal" (http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/contributions/pdf/CNAS_33_02_03.pdf) (PDF) . Contributions to Nepalese Studies . 33 (2). CNAS/TU: 206–221 . 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Jewelry firm Joseff's earrings as worn by Vivien Leigh (/wiki/Vivien_Leigh) in Gone with the Wind . Joseff of Hollywood was a jewelry firm founded by Eugene Joseff. [1] (#cite_note-1) The firm was particularly noted for creating costume jewelry (/wiki/Costume_jewelry) for many of the biggest films and movie stars of the 1930s and 1940s, including Shirley Temple (/wiki/Shirley_Temple) in The Little Princess (/wiki/The_Little_Princess_(1939_film)) , Vivien Leigh (/wiki/Vivien_Leigh) in Gone with the Wind (/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)) and Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) in Cleopatra (/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Eugene Joseff (September 25, 1905, Chicago - 1948), aka Joseff of Hollywood , was born into a family of Austrian descent. [4] (#cite_note-4) His widow, Joan Castle Joseff (/wiki/Joan_Castle_Joseff) , owned the company until her death in 2010. Today the family business focuses on precision investment casting (/wiki/Investment_casting) of parts for machinery and aircraft with the other company founded by Joseff, Precision Investment Castings. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064739/http://www.joseff-hollywood.com/history.html) . Joseff of Hollywood . Archived from the original (http://www.joseff-hollywood.com/history.html) on 2016-03-04. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Joseff of Hollywood: Jeweler to the Stars" (https://www.sfomuseum.org/exhibitions/joseff-hollywood-jeweler-stars) . SFO Museum . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200205062541/https://www.sfomuseum.org/exhibitions/joseff-hollywood-jeweler-stars) from the original on 2020-02-05. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bailey, Jeff (2010-06-01). "Obituary: Joan Castle Joseff, 1912-2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130516132620/https://www.inc.com/magazine/20100601/obituary-joan-castle-joseff-1912-2010.html) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) Vol. 32, no. 5. pp. 128–129. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0162-8968 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0162-8968) . Archived from the original on 2013-05-16. {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Davis, Carolyn N. "Joseff of Hollywood" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190805120610/http://www.guyotbrothers.com/jewelry-history/jewelry-hall-of-fame/Joseff-of-Hollywood/joseff-of-hollywood.htm) . Vintage Fashion & Costume Jewelry . Archived from the original on 2019-08-05. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Joanna Mangan, as told to Lisa Hix (2012-03-07). "Hidden Gems: Lost Hollywood Jewelry Trove Uncovered in Burbank Warehouse" (https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/lost-hollywood-jewelry-trove-uncovered/) . Collectors Weekly . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190508015213/https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/lost-hollywood-jewelry-trove-uncovered/) from the original on 2019-05-08. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐rpr4q Cached time: 20240716074229 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.146 seconds Real time usage: 0.200 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 355/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 237/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18596/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.099/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4158711/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 177.562 1 -total 54.56% 96.879 4 Template:Cite_web 38.81% 68.914 1 Template:Short_description 21.65% 38.450 2 Template:Pagetype 9.97% 17.707 2 Template:Main_other 8.91% 15.820 1 Template:SDcat 3.82% 6.788 1 Template:Cite_magazine 1.36% 2.421 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46918585-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716074229 and revision id 1210643030. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseff_of_Hollywood&oldid=1210643030 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseff_of_Hollywood&oldid=1210643030) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewelry companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Jewelry_companies_of_the_United_States) Companies based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Los_Angeles) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: unfit URL (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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A traditional gown worn by women in the Philippines "Maria Clara terno" redirects here. For other uses, see Terno (disambiguation) (/wiki/Terno_(disambiguation)) . La Bulaqueña (/wiki/La_Bulaque%C3%B1a) , an 1895 painting by Juan Luna (/wiki/Juan_Luna) sometimes referred to as " María Clara " due to the woman's dress Tampuhan (/wiki/Tampuhan) ("Sulking"), an 1895 painting by Juan Luna (/wiki/Juan_Luna) depicting a Filipina in traditional traje de mestiza dress. Believed to be the same woman as in La Bulaqueña . The María Clara gown , historically known as the traje de mestiza during the Spanish colonial era (/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)) , [1] (#cite_note-tmt-1) [2] (#cite_note-pfm-2) is a type of traditional dress worn by women in the Philippines (/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines) . It is an aristocratic (/wiki/Principalia) version of the baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) . It takes its name from María Clara (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Clara) , the mestiza (/wiki/Filipino_mestizo) protagonist of the novel Noli Me Tángere (/wiki/Noli_Me_T%C3%A1ngere_(novel)) , penned in 1887 by Filipino nationalist José Rizal (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal) . It is traditionally made out of piña (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a) , the same material used for the barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) . [3] (#cite_note-Koleksyon-3) A unified gown (/wiki/Gown) version of the dress with butterfly sleeves popularized in the first half of the 20th century by Philippine National Artist (/wiki/Philippine_National_Artist) Ramon Valera is known as the terno , [4] (#cite_note-rapplr-4) which also has a shorter casual and cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) version known as the balintawak . [5] (#cite_note-Miranda-5) The masculine equivalent of baro't saya is the barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) . [6] (#cite_note-primer-6) These traditional women's dresses in the Philippines are collectively known as Filipiniana (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Filipiniana) dress . Along with the barong tagalog, they are also collectively known as " Filipiniana attire (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) ". [7] (#cite_note-Metro-7) [8] (#cite_note-Garcia-8) Traditional components [ edit ] See also: Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) The Maria Clara is a form of baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) but traditionally worn by Filipina women with a pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) (neck scarf) over the shoulders and accessorized with a delicate abaniko (/wiki/Abaniko) (fan). Like the baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) , the Maria Clara gown traditionally consists of four parts: a blouse ( baro or camisa ), a long skirt ( saya ), a kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) worn over the shoulders ( pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) , fichu , or alampay ), and a short rectangular cloth worn over the skirt (the tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Philippine_clothing)) or patadyong ). [9] (#cite_note-vinta-9) The camisa is a collarless blouse (/wiki/Blouse) whose hem is at the waist and is made from flimsy, translucent fabrics such as pineapple fiber and jusi . The sleeves of the camisa are similar to the so-called "angel wings", or shaped like bells (/wiki/Bell_(instrument)) . The correct term for the sleeves of the camisa during the mid to late 1800s is a "pagoda" – derived from early Western silhouettes of the Victorian period. [10] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-10) The pañuelo is a piece of starched square cloth (either opaque or made from the same material as of the camisa ) folded several times and placed over the shoulders. The purpose of the pañuelo has been related to modesty, used to cover the nape and the upper body due to the camisa' s low neckline as well as its sheer translucency; and also doubles as an accent piece because of embellishments added to it, usually embroideries and the pin securing it in place. [ citation needed ] The saya is a skirt shaped like a "cupola", [11] (#cite_note-11) the length begins from the waist reaching the floor. These are usually comprised either of single or double sheets, called "panels" or dos paños ( Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_in_the_Philippines) for "two cloths"); some examples are made out of seven gores (/wiki/Gore_(segment)) or siete cuchillos (Spanish for "seven knives"). [ citation needed ] The tapis is a knee-length over-skirt that hugs the hips. Tapis designs may be plain, and is usually made of opaque (/wiki/Opacity_(optics)) fabrics such as muslin and the madras cloth, and also is used for the purposes of modesty as it keeps the lower body from showing due to the thinness of the saya . [3] (#cite_note-Koleksyon-3) Some ladies belonging to the higher classes (often of the mestiza caste) consider the tapis a lowly piece of clothing. It resembled the dalantal (apron) worn by the lower classes. The upper-class women of the 1880s to the 1890s wore an elaborate [10] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-10) version of the tapis that was tied around the waist with two strings. This was also referred to as a "dalantal" (apron). [12] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-12) Modernization [ edit ] The word "terno" in Spanish refers to a matching set of clothes made of the same fabric. In the Philippines, "terno" refers to a woman's ensemble that consists of matching colors/patterns. [13] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-13) In the early 1900s, the traje de mestiza's components started to match in terms of color and patterns. [14] (#cite_note-ReferenceD-14) Some trajes in the 1910s were entirely made of the same material [ citation needed ] (such as "nipis" – a Filipino term meaning "fine" or "thin" [15] (#cite_note-15) ). By the 1920s the term referred to a dress consisting of a matching "camisa" with butterfly sleeves, a heavily starched "pañuelo" (fichu), a "saya" (skirt) which normally came with a "cola" (train), and a "sobrefalda" (overskirt). [14] (#cite_note-ReferenceD-14) By the late 1940s, the terno's meaning and silhouette evolved into any Western dress with butterfly sleeves attached to it. [13] (#cite_note-ReferenceC-13) Occasionally the "terno" would be referred to as a "mestiza dress" by women who lived in the first half of the 20th century. [14] (#cite_note-ReferenceD-14) During July 8, 2008, State of the Nation Address (/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)) of Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo) , she wore a "modernized María Clara gown". The adaptation donned by the president came was fuchsia-pink, designed by JC Buendia. Created in three weeks, the fabric used for the presidential gown was a blend of pineapple fibers and silk and was developed by the Philippine Research Institute, an agency of the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines (/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_of_the_Philippines) . The six-yard fabric costing ₱ (/wiki/Philippine_peso) 3,000 were produced in the province (/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines) of Misamis Oriental (/wiki/Misamis_Oriental) , processed in Manila (/wiki/Manila) , and woven in the province of Aklan (/wiki/Aklan) . The cloth was then colored with a dye from the sabang , a native plant. [16] (#cite_note-Inquirer-16) According to the Philippine Daily Inquirer (/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer) , this is the first time in Philippine history (/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines) that the media office of the Malacañang Palace (/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace) revealed details about a Filipino president's evening outfit that would be worn for a State of the Nation Address. However, the president herself talked about the attire she wore in June 2008 during the 50th anniversary of the Department of Science and Technology. The aforementioned outfit was an old-rose-colored dress from pineapple fibers and dyed with materials originating from coconut husks (/wiki/Coconut_husk) . [16] (#cite_note-Inquirer-16) Now there are a lot of designers who are incorporating filipiniana dresses into their creations, adding a modern twist to them. They tailored it to be able to match up to today's ever-changing standards and the needs of everyday people. [17] (#cite_note-Tygie-17) Although its style has changed, the image of the classic filipina (/wiki/Filipina) can still be seen. Gallery [ edit ] Woman in terno with stiffened "butterfly" sleeves Pia Wurtzbach (/wiki/Pia_Wurtzbach) at the Malacañang Palace (/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace) wearning terno . Early 19th century pañuelo in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Mestiza de sangley (/wiki/Mestiza_de_sangley) woman in traje de mestiza with an abaniko (/wiki/Abaniko) fan Filipina mestizas (/wiki/Mestiza) from the early 1800s with pañuelos (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) over baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) , by Paul de la Gironiere (/wiki/Paul_de_la_Gironiere) "La Mestisa" (A Filipina Mestiza (/wiki/Filipino_Mestizo) ) by Justiniano Asuncion (/wiki/Justiniano_Asuncion) "La Mestisa Española" (A Spanish Mestiza (/wiki/Spanish_Filipino) Filipina) by Justiniano Asuncion (/wiki/Justiniano_Asuncion) "India de Manila" (Native Filipina (/wiki/Filipinos) of Manila (/wiki/Manila) ) by José Honorato Lozano (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano) India A Caballo (Native Filipina (/wiki/Filipinos) On A Horse) by José Honorato Lozano (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano) A gown worn by a Meztiza See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maria Clara gown . Fashion and clothing in the Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-tmt_1-0) Custodio, Arlo (May 27, 2018). "Championing Maria Clara beyond the Walls of Intramuros" (https://www.manilatimes.net/championing-maria-clara-beyond-the-walls-of-intramuros/401297/) . The Manila Times (/wiki/The_Manila_Times) . Retrieved January 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-pfm_2-0) "Traje de Mestiza" (https://philippinefolklifemuseum.org/portfolio-items/traje-de-mestiza/) . Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation . Retrieved January 26, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Moreno, Jose "Pitoy". – Maria Clara (https://web.archive.org/web/20110713164019/http://www.koleksyon.com/filipinoheritage/costumes/findesiecle/maria_clara.asp) , Philippine Costume, koleksyon.com, archived from the original on July 13, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-rapplr_4-0) "FAST FACTS: Who invented the Philippine terno?" (https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/159650-terno-history-maxine-medina-imelda-marcos) . Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . January 27, 2017 . Retrieved January 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miranda_5-0) Miranda, Pauline (November 15, 2018). "The terno is not our national dress—but it could be" (https://nolisoli.ph/52455/terno-not-national-dress/) . NoliSoil . Retrieved February 19, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-primer_6-0) "A Guide to the Philippines' National Costume" (https://primer.com.ph/tips-guides/2017/05/13/expats-guide-to-the-philippines-national-costume/) . Philippine Primer . May 13, 2013 . Retrieved February 19, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Metro_7-0) "Modern Filipiniana: The 2019 ABS-CBN Ball Dress Code" (https://metro.style/fashion/get-the-look/modern-filipiniana-at-the-2019-abscbn-ball/16215) . Metro.style . Retrieved November 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Garcia_8-0) Garcia, Lawrence. "Filipiniana Dresses And How They've Changed Throughout History" (https://www.filipinowedding.com/blogs/wedding-blog/filipiniana-dresses-and-how-they-ve-changed-throughout-history) . Sinta & Co. Filipino Wedding Accessories . Retrieved November 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-vinta_9-0) "The Filipiniana Dress: The Rebirth of the Terno" (https://www.vintato.com/blog/2019/5/14/the-filipiniana-dress-the-rebirth-of-the-terno) . Vinta Gallery . Retrieved February 19, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fashionable Filipinas: An Evolution of the Philippine National Dress in Photographs 1860–1890 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Patterns for the Filipino Dress: From the Traje de Mestiza to the Terno ^ (#cite_ref-ReferenceB_12-0) Patterns for the Filipino Dress: From the Traje de Mestiza to the Terno ^ Jump up to: a b Patterns for the Filipino Dress by Salvador Bernal & Georgina Encanto ^ Jump up to: a b c Fashionable Filipinas: An Evolution of the Philippine National Dress in Photographs 1860–1890 by Gino Gonzales & Mark Lewis Higgins ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fashionable Fabrics: The Mestiza Dress from the Nineteenth Century to the 1940s by Sandra Castro ^ Jump up to: a b Avendaño, Christine. ‘Modernized’ Maria Clara gown for Arroyo (http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080728-151113/Modernized-Maria-Clara-gown-for-Arroyo) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090401224902/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080728-151113/Modernized-Maria-Clara-gown-for-Arroyo) April 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Philippine Daily Inquirer , July 28, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-Tygie_17-0) The Modernization of the Filipiniana Gown (https://tygieph.com/filipiniana-gown) Retrieved January 26, 2019 v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja 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Italian Australian fashion designer This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Nicola Finetti" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nicola+Finetti%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nicola+Finetti%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nicola+Finetti%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nicola+Finetti%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nicola+Finetti%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nicola+Finetti%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Nicola Finetti is an Australian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) known for his eponymous fashion label, launched in 1995. Born in Bari, Italy (/wiki/Bari,_Italy) , he studied architecture (/wiki/Architecture) in Rome (/wiki/Rome) before emigrating to Australia (/wiki/Australia) in 1984. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashion Label: Nicola Finetti" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100621231531/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/sourcingthemuse/des_nicola_finetti.php) . Powerhouse Museum. Archived from the original (http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/sourcingthemuse/des_nicola_finetti.php) on 21 June 2010 . Retrieved 3 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Nicola Finetti" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/nicola-finetti/) . Fashion Model Dictionary . Retrieved 3 February 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.nicolafinetti.com/) This design (/wiki/Design) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Finetti&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9qttz Cached time: 20240712201129 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.345 seconds Real time usage: 0.695 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 652/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17999/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1160/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13774/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.245/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4126056/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 619.978 1 -total 26.68% 165.421 1 Template:Short_description 20.59% 127.625 1 Template:Reflist 17.85% 110.697 2 Template:Cite_web 17.15% 106.319 1 Template:Official_website 13.76% 85.311 1 Template:BLP_sources 13.09% 81.181 6 Template:Main_other 12.97% 80.425 1 Template:Ambox 12.55% 77.823 1 Template:SDcat 12.16% 75.414 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41825340-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712201129 and revision id 1212224049. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Finetti&oldid=1212224049 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Finetti&oldid=1212224049) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Italian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_fashion_designers) Australian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion_designers) Design stubs (/wiki/Category:Design_stubs) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2020) Use Australian English from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_June_2020) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from February 2014 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_February_2014) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
(Redirected from Veilkini (/w/index.php?title=Veilkini&redirect=no) ) Swimsuit Not to be confused with Burkina Faso (/wiki/Burkina_Faso) . A woman wearing a burkini while swimming in the waves. Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Islamic_female_clothing) on Islamic (/wiki/Islam) female (/wiki/Women_in_Islam) dress (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Types (/wiki/Types_of_hijab) Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Al-amira (/wiki/Al-amira) Battoulah (/wiki/Battoulah) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burkini Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Çarşaf (/wiki/%C3%87ar%C5%9Faf) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Haik (/wiki/Haik_(garment)) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Jilbaab (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Kerudung (/wiki/Kerudung) Kimeshek (/wiki/Kimeshek) Khimar (/wiki/Khimar) Kurhars (/wiki/Kurhars) Mukena (/wiki/Mukena) Niqaab (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Safseri (/wiki/Safseri) Selendang (/wiki/Selendang) Shayla (/wiki/Shayla) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Yashmak (/wiki/Yashmak) Practice and law by country (/wiki/Hijab_by_country) Australia (/wiki/Burka_ban_in_Australia) Britain (/wiki/British_debate_over_veils) Canada (/wiki/Islamic_veiling_practices_by_country#Canada) Egypt (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b_in_Egypt) France (/wiki/Islamic_scarf_controversy_in_France) Indonesia (/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia#National_law_and_sharia) Iran (/wiki/Hijab_in_Iran) Pakistan (/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan#Culture) Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia#Hijab_and_dress_code) Taliban Afghanistan (/wiki/Taliban_treatment_of_women#Gender_policies) Turkey (/wiki/Headscarf_controversy_in_Turkey) Concepts Andaruni (/wiki/Andaruni) Awrah (/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam) Fahisha (/wiki/Fahisha) Gender segregation (/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation) Haya (/wiki/Haya_(Islam)) Purdah (/wiki/Purdah) Zenana (/wiki/Zenana) Other Hijabophobia (/wiki/Hijabophobia) Hujum (/wiki/Hujum) Kashf-e hijab (/wiki/Kashf-e_hijab) My Stealthy Freedom (/wiki/My_Stealthy_Freedom) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) World Hijab Day (/wiki/World_Hijab_Day) v t e A burkini (or burqini ; portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of burqa (/wiki/Burqa) and bikini (/wiki/Bikini) , though qualifying as neither of these garments) is a style of swimsuit (/wiki/Swimsuit) for women. The suit covers the whole body except the face, the hands, and the feet, while being light enough for swimming. This type of swimwear was designed with the intention of creating swimwear for Muslims who observe hijab in this way. The amount of skin covered is about the same as the person wearing a wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) and a swimming cap (/wiki/Swim_cap) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The burkini was originally designed in Australia (/wiki/Australia) by Aheda Zanetti (/wiki/Aheda_Zanetti) . [2] (#cite_note-SMH_19082016-2) Zanetti's company Ahiida owns the trademarks (/wiki/Trademark) to the words burkini and burqini , but they are sometimes used as generic terms for similar forms of swimwear. [3] (#cite_note-gen-3) In 2016, a number of French municipalities banned the wearing of burkinis, which sparked international controversy and accusations of Islamophobia (/wiki/Islamophobia) . The resulting publicity caused a significant increase in sales, especially sales to non-Muslims and to survivors of skin cancer (/wiki/Skin_cancer) . Before then, Zanetti's company had sold about 700,000 burkinis worldwide. [2] (#cite_note-SMH_19082016-2) Creation of the burkini [ edit ] A burkini displayed on a mannequin in a museum at the Chemical Heritage Foundation (/wiki/Science_History_Institute) . The exhibit highlights the use of polyester (/wiki/Polyester) and spandex (/wiki/Spandex) to create elastic clothing. The burkini is not a traditional item of clothing. It was originally designed by Aheda Zanetti, a Muslim Australian. Zanetti has indicated that several experiences influenced her creation of the burkini. One was watching her niece play netball (/wiki/Netball) , wearing traditional Muslim clothing, including a headscarf. Zanetti recognized that there was a lack of sportswear for Muslim girls and women that would meet the needs of both modesty and physical activity, so she designed some culturally appropriate activewear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) clothing. Without clothing that they considered appropriate, women in the Muslim community were uncomfortable going to public pools and beaches. [4] (#cite_note-Zanetti-4) Cultural restrictions on physical activity have been shown to have serious health implications for Muslim women. [5] (#cite_note-Kaaki-5) [6] (#cite_note-Survey-6) [7] (#cite_note-Zafar-7) Zanetti began to think about how to design Muslim-friendly sportswear. [4] (#cite_note-Zanetti-4) The creation of the burkini was also a response to the 2005 Cronulla riots (/wiki/2005_Cronulla_riots) in Sydney, Australia (/wiki/Sydney,_Australia) . On 4 December 2005, a small number of volunteer surf lifesavers (/wiki/Lifeguard) were involved in an altercation with some young men of Middle Eastern descent. A verbal exchange escalated, resulting in a pushing match that became a fight. One of the lifeguards was badly hurt after falling and striking his head. [8] (#cite_note-8) The following weekend, a racially incited mob of thousands of white Australians gathered and rioted at North Cronulla beach (/wiki/Cronulla,_New_South_Wales) . Following the riots, Surf Life Saving Australia (/wiki/Surf_Life_Saving_Australia) began an initiative to promote diversity and acceptance on Sydney's beaches by recruiting Muslim lifeguards. [9] (#cite_note-Farrell-9) [10] (#cite_note-7-facts-10) Muslim women were uncomfortable with the available swimwear. By 2007, Zanetti had designed a uniform to be worn by female Muslim lifeguards: a special yellow and red two-piece swimsuit that covered the head and body. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) [4] (#cite_note-Zanetti-4) [10] (#cite_note-7-facts-10) [2] (#cite_note-SMH_19082016-2) [12] (#cite_note-12) Description [ edit ] Further information: Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Zanetti's Sydney-based company Ahiida owns the trademarks to the words burqini and burkini , but the words have become generic terms for similar forms of modesty swimwear. [3] (#cite_note-gen-3) This type of suit covers the whole body except the face, the hands and the feet, whilst being light enough to enable swimming. [13] (#cite_note-Taylor-13) Generally, a pair of straight-legged pants and a long-sleeved tunic tie together so that the tunic will not float up when the swimmer is in the water. A hood, or in some cases a hood and a swim cap, accommodate the wearer's hair and cover the neck, fitting closely around the face. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) The hood may or may not be attached to the tunic. [14] (#cite_note-Chandab-14) The suit resembles a full-length wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) with a built-in hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) , but is somewhat looser. [15] (#cite_note-Rob-15) The suits are made of SPF50+ fabric, generally using a finely knit polyester (/wiki/Polyester) swimsuit fabric rather than the heavier neoprene (/wiki/Neoprene) used for wetsuits. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) Depending on the manufacturer and model, a suit can consist of two to four pieces. Aheda Zanetti's original burkini consisted of two pieces: pants and a tunic with an attached hood. It was made from 100 percent polyester. [14] (#cite_note-Chandab-14) Ahiida now markets three types of burkini (modest fit, slim fit, and active fit) in a variety of colors. The active fit style is more snug than the others and uses a polyester-spandex blend fabric which is coated with Teflon to decrease water resistance. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) Other styles of "Islamic" swimwear include the brands Veilkini (/wiki/Veilkini) and MyCozzie. [16] (#cite_note-Ali_Khan-16) The MyCozzie brand, based in Dubai but designed by Australian Jenny Nicholson, was not designed solely for Islamic women. The basic suit consists of two pieces, and has an optional hood. The material contains both lycra (/wiki/Lycra) and polyester (/wiki/Polyester) . [14] (#cite_note-Chandab-14) [17] (#cite_note-Belleza-17) In 2009, Zanetti criticized the MyCozzie suit, claiming that its use of lycra could make it heavier and that the optional hood could be unsafe, claims which Nicholson disputed. [14] (#cite_note-Chandab-14) The Veilkini brand offers skirted two piece suits in multiple styles, made of a spandex (/wiki/Spandex) and polyester mix. [18] (#cite_note-Veilkini-18) Other companies that make body-covering suits include Splashgear (California), Acquagym (Brazil), Haşema (Turkey), Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , and Speedo (/wiki/Speedo) . Suits such as the Nike "Swift Suit" may be more body-hugging, designed to maximize hydrodynamics, rather than address issues of modesty. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) In addition to modesty, full-body swimsuits offer protection from the sun, and in some cases, enhanced athletic performance. They satisfy real needs for populations that include both Muslim and non-Muslim women. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 26 Modest dress [ edit ] Further information: Types of hijab (/wiki/Types_of_hijab) The design of the burkini is intended to be in accord with the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) . [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) However, what constitutes proper attire for women is a matter of debate in Islamic tradition, and differs by country and community. Some moderate Muslims accept the burqini as meeting a commonly applied standard that requires a woman to cover all parts of her body except her hands and face (including covering her hair) when in mixed company. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 28 Others are concerned that stretchy or clinging fabric reveals the outline of the body. [19] (#cite_note-Fitzpatrick-19) More restrictive Muslims may also advocate that the head covering be long enough to cover the breasts, or that a skirt cover the hips. For similar reasons, pants are sometimes considered overly revealing. Hanafi scholars such as those at Al-Azhar University (/wiki/Al-Azhar_University) in Cairo, Egypt, reject full-body swimsuits as allowable wear in mixed company. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 29–30 An even stricter standard requires covering of the face except for the eyes, the niqab (/wiki/Niqab) . [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 30 The most restrictive standard of dress involves covering the entire body with a burqa (/wiki/Burqa) or chadaree which includes a screen over the face and eyes. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 30 The burqa, which is not a swimsuit, provides much more cover than the burkini, although the two are sometimes confused by non-Muslims due to the similarity in names. The issue of women's dress is very much an issue of gendered gaze. In single-sex pools, where men are not allowed, the degree of women's cover is not considered a problem. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 30 "Muslim women are not the only women (or men) who would like some latitude, please, in their choices of swim (and other) attire. Not all people like to share the shape or sight of their body with others, particularly strangers." [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 28 "I received my new burqini today... It may seem like such a small thing to some, but I had to fight back the tears today when I tried it on... finally, I can be Muslim and still do all the things I love, comfortably." [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 25 As noted by professor of Dress Studies and Fashion Design Heather Marie Akou, arguments about the burkini (and other forms of female dress) are not just about a garment, but also about the symbolism, assumptions, and political implications projected onto it. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 26 Discussions of feminism (/wiki/Feminism) , immigration (/wiki/Immigration) , and secularism (/wiki/Secularism) bring forth widely differing views of the burqini and other modesty swimwear. The burqini can be seen as a personal clothing choice, an indicator of women's subjugation, an enabler of women's increased physical freedom, or a militant and fundamentalist religious symbol that challenges a secularist state. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 31–34 Users [ edit ] Woman wearing a burkini while playing beach handball (/wiki/Beach_handball) , where uniforms typically are bikini (/wiki/Bikini) or similar adapted sports wear. In 2016, Zanetti estimated that 40% of her customer base has been non-Muslim. She stated: "We've sold to Jews, Hindus, Christians, Mormons, women with various body issues. We've had men asking for them, too." [10] (#cite_note-7-facts-10) Notable non-Muslim wearers have included Nigella Lawson (/wiki/Nigella_Lawson) , who wore a burkini in Australia in 2011, not out of religious observance, but to protect her skin. [20] (#cite_note-20) When introduced at Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) stores in Britain in March 2016, burkinis sold out. [21] (#cite_note-Rodionova-21) For modesty [ edit ] The burkini has also found popularity in Israel (/wiki/Israel) , both among Orthodox Jews (/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism) and among Muslims (/wiki/Muslim) , and is called either burkini or simply "modest swimwear". [22] (#cite_note-22) To avoid sun exposure [ edit ] The burkini has also been adopted by cancer survivors (/wiki/Cancer_survivor) and others who are at high risk of skin cancer (/wiki/Skin_cancer) . [23] (#cite_note-23) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Like other types of sun protective clothing (/wiki/Sun_protective_clothing) , people who wear burkinis may reduce their risk of skin cancer. [24] (#cite_note-24) In Asia, where light-colored complexions (/wiki/Light_skin) are fashionable, the burkini is used by women who want to be outside without tanning (/wiki/Sun_tanning) . [25] (#cite_note-:1-25) They may pair it with a facekini (/wiki/Facekini) to avoid having a darker-skinned face. It has also been worn by celebrities to avoid sunburns or UV-induced skin damage, which can lead to premature skin aging (/wiki/Skin_aging) . [25] (#cite_note-:1-25) By country [ edit ] France [ edit ] In August 2009, a woman in France (/wiki/France) was prevented from swimming in a public pool wearing a burkini, amidst ongoing controversy (/wiki/Islamic_scarf_controversy_in_France) about Muslim dress. The action was justified by reference to a law that forbids swimming in street clothes. [26] (#cite_note-26) The controversy over the burkini in France may also be seen as reflecting broadly held French attitudes against religious expression in public. French law emphasizes the importance of creating a "religiously neutral arena" in which people are expected to appear similar, as well as being treated equally. In this, France differs significantly from countries such as the United States, which emphasizes individual freedom of choice about whether to express religious sentiments. [11] (#cite_note-Akou-11) : 33 In August 2016, the mayor of Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) banned the swimsuits, claiming a possible link to Islamic extremism. [27] (#cite_note-27) At least 20 other French towns, including Nice (/wiki/Nice) , subsequently joined the ban. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-rubin-29) Following this, dozens of women were issued fines, with some tickets citing not wearing "an outfit respecting good morals and secularism"; furthermore, some women were verbally attacked by bystanders when they were confronted by the police. [29] (#cite_note-rubin-29) [30] (#cite_note-Cockburn-30) [31] (#cite_note-Quinn-31) [32] (#cite_note-row-escalates-32) Enforcement of the ban also hit beachgoers wearing a wide range of modest attire besides the burkini, such as an ordinary long-sleeved shirt and leggings (/wiki/Leggings) worn over a typical swimsuit. [29] (#cite_note-rubin-29) [32] (#cite_note-row-escalates-32) The media reported that in one case, armed police forced a woman to remove the burkini she was wearing over her clothes on a beach in Nice. [30] (#cite_note-Cockburn-30) [31] (#cite_note-Quinn-31) [32] (#cite_note-row-escalates-32) The mayor of Nice's office denied that she was forced to do so, and the mayor condemned what he called the "unacceptable provocation" of wearing such clothes in the aftermath of the Nice terrorist attack (/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack) . [29] (#cite_note-rubin-29) [32] (#cite_note-row-escalates-32) As of August 2016 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkini&action=edit) , the ban enacted by the commune of Villeneuve-Loubet (/wiki/Villeneuve-Loubet) has been suspended by France's highest administrative court (/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)) , setting a potential precedent for further legal challenges. [33] (#cite_note-33) Reactions [ edit ] The ban was supported by a number of French politicians, including the socialist prime minister Manuel Valls (/wiki/Manuel_Valls) , who said: "The burkini is not a new range of swimwear, a fashion. It is the expression of a political project, a counter-society, based notably on the enslavement of women." [34] (#cite_note-34) Some commentators in France criticized the bans, and reports of Muslim women being stopped by police for wearing headscarves and long-sleeved clothes on beaches caused outrage among members of the French Socialist Party and rights groups. [32] (#cite_note-row-escalates-32) A poll showed that 64% of the French public supported the bans, while another 30% were indifferent. [35] (#cite_note-35) The bans and their enforcement prompted criticism and ridicule abroad, particularly in English-speaking countries. [29] (#cite_note-rubin-29) [36] (#cite_note-straights-36) [37] (#cite_note-bangkok-37) A New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) editorial called French politicians' "paternalistic pronouncements on the republic's duty to save Muslim women from enslavement" bigotry and hypocritical. [38] (#cite_note-nyt-ed-38) Liberal British Muslim activist Maajid Nawaz (/wiki/Maajid_Nawaz) offered a critique of both the swimsuit and its ban: "Burkini is sad symbol of Islam today going backwards on gender issues. Banning it is sad symbol of liberalism today going backwards in reply." [39] (#cite_note-39) Other Muslim commentators, particularly Muslim women, have argued that the burkini gives women who do not wish to expose their body for religious or other reasons the freedom to enjoy the beach. [36] (#cite_note-straights-36) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Human Rights Watch (/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) also criticized the ban, stating that it "actually amounts to banning women from the beach, in the middle of the summer, just because they wish to cover their bodies in public. It's almost a form of collective punishment against Muslim women for the actions of others." [43] (#cite_note-43) Some drew parallels between the burkini ban and the French ban of the Catholic soutane (/wiki/Soutane) some 111 years earlier after the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State (/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State) . [44] (#cite_note-ft15sep2016-44) Germany [ edit ] In December 2018, the municipality of Koblenz (/wiki/Koblenz) , citing hygiene concerns, voted to ban the burkini in public swimming pools in 2018, with CDU, AfD and Freie Wähler councillors forming a majority for the decision. [45] (#cite_note-45) Protests were held against the decision gathering some 70 individuals from Central Council of Muslims in Germany (/wiki/Central_Council_of_Muslims_in_Germany) , Social Democratic Party of Germany (/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany) and Alliance 90/The Greens (/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens) . [46] (#cite_note-46) In June 2019, German courts overruled and lifted the ban citing violations to the German constitution's call for equality. [47] (#cite_note-47) In June 2018, a school in western Germany created controversy after it was found handing out burkinis to students who otherwise refused to attend swim classes. [48] (#cite_note-BBC_News-48) Some argued that the school is sending a misogynistic message, including Julia Klöckner, a member of Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic party, who said the school creates a "misogynistic understanding in a place where children and teenagers are supposed to learn the opposite." [49] (#cite_note-The_Telegraph-49) Others, including Franziska Giffey, the German minister of family affairs, support the school's decision saying, "the most important thing is the well-being of the children, and that means that all learn to swim." [48] (#cite_note-BBC_News-48) The school has stated that burkinis were paid for by private donations. [49] (#cite_note-The_Telegraph-49) Morocco [ edit ] In 2014 some private pools in Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) 's tourist hotspots prohibited the wearing of burkinis, citing "hygiene reasons", which also sparked political controversy. [50] (#cite_note-50) Switzerland [ edit ] In December 2017, the Swiss city of Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) passed a law requiring swimmers to wear swimsuits that do not go lower than the knee and keep the swimmer's arms bare, which would effectively ban not only burkinis but also the bodyskins (/wiki/Bodyskins) used by elite swimmers, swim dresses (/wiki/Swim_dress) , rash guards (/wiki/Rash_guards) , wetsuits (/wiki/Wetsuits) , and other styles of swimsuits. [51] (#cite_note-The_Local-51) They simultaneously banned topless (/wiki/Toplessness) swimming in the city pools. [51] (#cite_note-The_Local-51) The ban refined a rule that went into force in September 2017, which required swimmers to wear "any clothing that is specifically used for swimming". [52] (#cite_note-52) The September rule was prompted by young people swimming in public pools in street wear (/wiki/Streetwear) (e.g., ordinary T-shirts), which had caused concerns about hygiene. [51] (#cite_note-The_Local-51) The more restrictive ban sparked controversies among some, including Sami Kanaan, the city's socialist administrative advisor, who called the rule a "denial of an open, multicultural and liberal Geneva". [53] (#cite_note-53) Before the ban, councillors were only aware of one person having ever worn a burkini to the city's pools. [51] (#cite_note-The_Local-51) See also [ edit ] Islam portal (/wiki/Portal:Islam) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Bathing machine (/wiki/Bathing_machine) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Noman, Natasha. "The inventor of the burkini says nearly half of her customers are not actually Muslim" (https://www.mic.com/articles/152658/the-inventor-of-the-burkini-says-nearly-half-of-her-customers-are-not-actually-muslim) . Mic.com . 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"I created the burkini to give women freedom, not to take it away" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/aug/24/i-created-the-burkini-to-give-women-freedom-not-to-take-it-away) . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kaaki_5-0) Kaaki, Lisa (17 June 2010). "Yasmin Altwaijri: Mother, wife and scientist" (http://www.arabnews.com/node/347825) . Arab News . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Survey_6-0) "Project Principle Investigators" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170110230226/http://www.healthandstress.org.sa/en/pi.asp) . Saudi National Health and Stress Survey . Archived from the original (http://www.healthandstress.org.sa/en/pi.asp) on 10 January 2017 . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Zafar_7-0) Zafar, Rahilla (24 December 2014). "Yasmin Altwaijri: A Saudi Scientist Tackles Mental Health and Obesity" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rahilla-zafar/yasmin-altwaijri-a-saudi-_b_6041814.html) . The Huffington Post . 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Human Rights Watch (/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) . ^ (#cite_ref-ft15sep2016_44-0) Chassany, Anne-Sylvaine (15 September 2016). "France: Islam and the secular state" (https://www.ft.com/content/05c420b8-75a5-11e6-b60a-de4532d5ea35) . Financial Times . Retrieved 3 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Burkini-Verbot in Koblenzer Bädern: Beschluss stößt auf Kritik" (https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region_artikel,-burkiniverbot-in-koblenzer-baedern-beschluss-stoesst-auf-kritik-_arid,1911927.html) . www.rhein-zeitung.de (in German). 17 December 2018 . Retrieved 26 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Aktuell, S. W. R. "Demonstration gegen Burkini-Verbot" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190410051622/https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/koblenz/Nach-Koblenzer-Stadtratsbeschluss-Demonstration-gegen-Burkini-Verbot,demonstration-burkini-100.html) . swr.online (in German). Archived from the original (https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/koblenz/Nach-Koblenzer-Stadtratsbeschluss-Demonstration-gegen-Burkini-Verbot,demonstration-burkini-100.html) on 10 April 2019 . Retrieved 26 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "German court lifts city's ban on burkini swimsuits" (https://nypost.com/2019/06/14/german-court-lifts-citys-ban-on-burkini-swimsuits/) . New York Post. 14 June 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b "Germany burkinis: Minister says garments should be allowed in schools" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44600471) . BBC News . 25 June 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b "German politicians row over use of burkinis in school swimming lessons" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/06/25/german-politicians-row-use-burkinis-school-swimming-lessons/) . The Telegraph. 25 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-50) "No Burkinis! Morocco hotels ban 'halal' suit" (http://english.alarabiya.net/en/variety/2014/08/26/No-Burkinis-Morocco-hotels-ban-halal-swimsuit.html) . Al Arabiya News. 26 August 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Geneva Bans Burkini and Topless Bathing in City's Swimming Pools" (https://www.thelocal.ch/20171207/geneva-bans-burkini-and-topless-bathing-in-citys-swimming-pools) . The Local. 7 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Burkini ban: Geneva says women must bare arms and legs" (https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/burkini-ban-geneva-says-women-must-bare-arms-and-legs/ar-BBGzrag) . MSN News. 11 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Burkini ban: Geneva says women must bare arms and legs" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/burkini-ban-geneva-bare-arms-legs-a8102701.html) . Independent. 11 December 2017. 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(/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1120339375) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐tkj8r Cached time: 20240720164538 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.824 seconds Real time usage: 0.985 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6253/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 162025/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3323/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 223557/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.488/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7048870/52428800 bytes Number 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< Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Project‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐2wt82 Cached time: 20240722160840 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.005 seconds CPU time usage: 0.105 seconds Real time usage: 0.144 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 119/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4770/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.081/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1375692/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 121.898 1 -total 100.00% 121.898 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.75% 2.135 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39675765-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722160840 and revision id 1051729411. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Assessment&oldid=1051729411 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Assessment&oldid=1051729411) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Project-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells)

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