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Dutch-born London tailor Frederick Scholte Born Friedrich Petrus Scholte 19 July 1865 Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , Netherlands Died 2 December 1948 Virginia Water (/wiki/Virginia_Water) , Surrey, England Occupation Master tailor (/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring) Known for Drape suit (/wiki/Drape_suit) Friedrich " Frederick " Petrus Scholte (19 July 1865 – 2 December 1948) was a Dutch-born British tailor known for the drape suit (/wiki/Drape_suit) , a cut he introduced in the 1930s while a master tailor (/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring) on London's Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . He was considered a pioneer in 20th-century menswear as tailor to fashion icon Edward VIII (/wiki/Edward_VIII) from 1919–1948. [a] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Scholte was born in Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) to Johann Friedrich Scholte, who was of paternal German descent, and Johanna Cornelia Jacoba van Klaveren. He emigrated to London in the 1880s. Viscount Ridley (/wiki/Matthew_White_Ridley,_1st_Viscount_Ridley) sponsored his naturalisation process in 1899. [1] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Scholte operated his own tailoring house on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) in Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) , London. He served as an apprentice tailor to the Household Cavalry (/wiki/Household_Cavalry) and adapted three characteristics of their military uniform into: wide shoulders, roomy armholes, and narrow waists. [2] (#cite_note-3) In 1917, Tailor & Cutter (/w/index.php?title=Tailor_%26_Cutter&action=edit&redlink=1) magazine praised the outstanding craftsmanship of Scholte's tailoring at his shop on Savile Row, which overlooked Henry Poole & Co. (/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co.) : "Scholte's is not a firm with old traditions, it is something more, it is one that is making history. The guiding spirit there has the originality that we term genius. It is always unwise in tailoring matters to say that any one man has invented a thing; but if Scholte did not invent the method of cutting, manipulation, etc., which is associated with his work, at least he believed in it, adopted it, and worked it successfully. In those informal discussions which used to take place after the Metropolitan Society's meetings, it was always interesting to note how often Scholte's methods and his work were discussed; and among those men of experience and ability, although some did not believe in the methods, there was but one opinion as to the beauty of effect which they produced. If one may be pardoned for introducing the personal note, I have a friend who is rich enough to get his clothes made by Scholte, and I have on various occasions seen his dress coat. It was a beautiful production; one could, without exaggeration, call it a work of art. There was something in it beyond correct cutting and good tailoring; there was the breath of life in it." — Tailor & Cutter (/w/index.php?title=Tailor_%26_Cutter&action=edit&redlink=1) , 1917 [3] (#cite_note-tailor-4) Scholte invented the drape suit (/wiki/Drape_suit) for Prince of Wales (/wiki/Edward_VIII) (later Edward VIII and the Duke of Windsor). Scholte was the duke's principal tailor from 1919 until his own death in 1948. The looser, draped cut was in contrast to the tighter, more restrictive clothing of the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) , and proved extremely influential in 20th-century men's fashion. [4] (#cite_note-5) It created a "revolution" in men's fashion. [5] (#cite_note-rake-6) Several of the Duke of Windsor's jackets made by Scholte are in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of New York (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_New_York) 's Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) . [6] (#cite_note-7) [7] (#cite_note-8) [8] (#cite_note-9) Personal life [ edit ] In 1888, Scholte married Emma Lewellen, with whom he had four children. [9] (#cite_note-10) His two elder sons served in the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) . Lt.-Col. Lewellen Friedrich Scholte (1890–1984) was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) in the 1919 New Year Honours (/wiki/1919_New_Year_Honours) . [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-deaths-12) Capt. Owen Scholte (/wiki/Owen_Scholte) (1896–1918) earned the Military Cross (/wiki/Military_Cross) as a flying ace (/wiki/Flying_ace) . Scholte died in 1948 at Holloway Sanatorium (/wiki/Holloway_Sanatorium) (that year converted into an NHS (/wiki/NHS) hospital) in Virginia Water (/wiki/Virginia_Water) , Surrey. [12] (#cite_note-probate-13) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Many sources incorrectly state Scholte was tailor to the Duke of Windsor until 1959, but he died in 1948. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) UK, Naturalisation Certificates and Declarations, 1870–1916 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fashion: The Definitive History of Costume and Style . Penguin. 1 October 2012. p. 288. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4654-0780-1 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-tailor_4-0) "Searchlights on Style (IV.). The Scholte Lounge" (https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004079/19171101/066/0016) . Tailor & Cutter . 1 November 1917. p. 16 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) History - Anderson & Sheppard Savile Row tailors . Anderson & Sheppard (/wiki/Anderson_%26_Sheppard) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-rake_6-0) St George, Ben (April 2017). "The Timeless Elegance of British Drape" (https://therake.com/stories/british-drape) . The Rake (/w/index.php?title=The_Rake&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "F. Scholte | Morning suit | British" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82171) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "F. Scholte | Evening suit | American" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82170) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "F. Scholte | Suit | British" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82240) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Marriages" (https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18880825/002/0001) . London Daily News . 25 August 1888. p. 1 . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "No. 13378" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13378/supplement/74) . The Edinburgh Gazette (/wiki/The_Edinburgh_Gazette) (Supplement). 6 January 1919. p. 74. ^ (#cite_ref-deaths_12-0) "Deaths". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . The Times Digital Archive. 3 August 1984. p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-probate_13-0) England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, 1973-1995 External links [ edit ] Frederick Scholte (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/204146691) at Find a Grave (/wiki/Find_a_Grave) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Scholte&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐7qgkl Cached time: 20240722165426 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.589 seconds Real time usage: 0.762 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2440/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29844/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5338/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43734/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.388/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5715227/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 690.220 1 -total 34.94% 241.193 2 Template:Reflist 27.35% 188.806 1 Template:Infobox_person 18.97% 130.922 2 Template:Cite_book 16.17% 111.612 1 Template:Fashion-bio-stub 15.85% 109.410 1 Template:Asbox 12.91% 89.079 1 Template:Short_description 8.76% 60.469 19 Template:Main_other 7.34% 50.652 2 Template:Pagetype 5.16% 35.623 4 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:14467214-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165426 and revision id 1220087345. 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Chinese retail brand Shang Xia is a Chinese brand which produces handbags, shoes, clothing, and furniture. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It is majority-owned by Dutch holding company Exor NV (/wiki/Exor_(company)) . History [ edit ] Shang Xia was founded in 2010 as a joint collaboration between Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) Group and Chinese designer Jiang Qiong-er. [2] (#cite_note-Chinese_Hermès-2) The brand's first bag, the Lan Yue, was a leather-textured imitation of a bamboo bowl. Its Da Tian Di chair is a reinterpretation of the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) furniture style. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Shang Xia opened its first store outside of China, in Paris, in 2013. [4] (#cite_note-4) In December 2020, Exor (/wiki/Exor_(company)) invested around €80 million in Shang Xia, [5] (#cite_note-press_release-5) and in 2021, Exor became the majority owner. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the same year, Yang Li (/wiki/Yang_Li_(fashion_designer)) was appointed its fashion creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Shang Xia presented its first collection at the 2021 Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-Chinese_Hermès-2) In 2022, Sophia Wu, who was Shang Xia's chief operating officer (/wiki/Chief_operating_officer) , was promoted to CEO. [8] (#cite_note-8) Etymology [ edit ] Shang Xia (Chinese: 上下) means 'up and down' in Chinese. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:0_1-0) Zhang, Tianwei (2020-12-09). "Ferrari's Owner Exor Takes Majority Stake in Hermès' Shang Xia" (https://wwd.com/feature/ferraris-owner-exor-takes-majority-stakes-in-hermes-shangxia-1234673540/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-07-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Why is fashion brand Shang Xia known as the 'Chinese Hermès'?" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/luxury/article/3213470/why-shang-xia-known-chinese-hermes-fashion-brand-merges-cultural-tradition-and-innovation-and) . South China Morning Post . 2023-03-14 . Retrieved 2023-07-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Jiang Qionger of Hermès-backed Shang Xia brings Chinese aesthetics to the international stage" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/2008466/jiang-qionger-hermes-backed-shang-xia-brings-chinese) . South China Morning Post . 2016-09-01 . Retrieved 2024-06-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hermès brand Shang Xia to open first store outside of China" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/hermes-brand-shang-xia-to-open-first-store-outside-of-china,331408.html) . FashionNetwork.com . 2013-05-22 . Retrieved 2024-06-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-press_release_5-0) "EXOR INVESTS IN SHANG XIA PARTNERING WITH HERMÈS TO TAKE THE CHINESE LUXURY COMPANY TO THE NEXT STAGE OF ITS DEVELOPMENT" (https://www.exor.com/press-releases/2020-12-09/exor-invests-shang-xia-partnering-hermes-take-chinese-luxury-company-next#:~:text=Exor%20will%20invest%20around%20%E2%82%AC,becoming%20the%20company's%20majority%20shareholder.&text=The%20investment%2C%20that%20is%20expected,%E2%82%AC80%20million%20for%20Herm%C3%A8s.) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210201163836/https://www.exor.com/press-releases/2020-12-09/exor-invests-shang-xia-partnering-hermes-take-chinese-luxury-company-next#:~:text=Exor%20will%20invest%20around%20%E2%82%AC,becoming%20the%20company's%20majority%20shareholder.&text=The%20investment%2C%20that%20is%20expected,%E2%82%AC80%20million%20for%20Herm%C3%A8s.) from the original on 2021-02-01 . Retrieved 2021-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Shang Xia Spring 2023 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2023-ready-to-wear/shang-xia) . Vogue . 2022-09-29 . Retrieved 2023-07-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Diderich, Joelle (2021-09-22). "EXCLUSIVE: Shang Xia Names Yang Li as Fashion Creative Director" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/shang-xia-yang-li-fashion-creative-director-jiang-qiong-er-1234934767/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-07-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Shang Xia Names Sophia Wu CEO" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/luxury/shang-xia-names-sophia-wu-ceo/) . The Business of Fashion . 2022-07-15 . Retrieved 2023-07-11 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.shangxia.com) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shang_Xia&action=edit) . v t e This China (/wiki/China) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shang_Xia&oldid=1229963498 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shang_Xia&oldid=1229963498) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of China (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_China) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Clothing companies of China (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_China) Retail companies of China (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_China) Bags (fashion) (/wiki/Category:Bags_(fashion)) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) Leather manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Leather_manufacturers) Luggage brands (/wiki/Category:Luggage_brands) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Clothing companies established in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2010) Design companies established in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2010) Manufacturing companies established in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_2010) Retail companies established in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_2010) Chinese companies established in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Chinese_companies_established_in_2010) Hermès (/wiki/Category:Herm%C3%A8s) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) China stubs (/wiki/Category:China_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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La Marchande de modes , 1769 engraving by Robert Bénard (/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A9nard) A fashion merchant is a businessperson specialising in the production and the sale of fashion accessories, especially adornments for hairstyles and gowns. The profession emerged in the early eighteenth century and reached its height at the end of the 1700s. The women and occasional men who practised as fashion merchants played a central role in the diffusion of styles in this period. Emergence of the fashion merchant [ edit ] Marie-Jeanne [Rose] Bertin (/wiki/Rose_Bertin) , 1747–1813, fashion merchant. The profession of fashion merchant emerged from the guild of mercers around 1760–1765. At first, the role was described as a "talent" possessed by the wives of mercers. [1] (#cite_note-garsault-1) In eighteenth-century France, the corporations of tailors (/wiki/Tailor) and then seamstresses (/wiki/Dressmaker) held a monopoly on the creation of a garment. Fashion merchants usually only worked on the ornamentation of clothing that had already been stitched together, although they could produce certain small items (such as belts, cravats, bows, shawls, capes, etc.). [1] (#cite_note-garsault-1) In the course of their work, fashion merchants used a variety of materials including taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) , gauze (/wiki/Gauze) , feathers (/wiki/Feather) , ribbons (/wiki/Ribbon) , lace (/wiki/Lace) , artificial flowers (/wiki/Artificial_plants) , embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , passementerie (/wiki/Passementerie) , and furs (/wiki/Fur) – therefore working with a multitude of suppliers and artisans. In August 1776, the reorganisation of guild structures saw the creation of a guild for the "fashion merchants, feather-dressers, and flower-makers of the city and the suburbs of Paris" with Marie-Jeanne [Rose] Bertin at its head. [2] (#cite_note-2) This new guild formally established fashion merchants as independent from mercers. Technically, the guild of fashion merchants was exclusively female, although some men did also practise as fashion merchants since their wives belonged to the guild (such as Jean-Joseph Beaulard (/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Beaulard) ). From 1776 onwards, it was no longer necessary to be the wife of a mercer to work as a fashion merchant. Dissemination of styles [ edit ] Fashion merchants were the subject of much discussion in contemporary texts, including Louis Sébastien Mercier (/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien_Mercier) 's Tableau de Paris, and the encyclopaedias of Diderot (/wiki/Denis_Diderot) and Panckoucke (/wiki/Panckoucke) . They were regarded as an important figure of the age, as demonstrated by the variety of visual representations in the Galerie des modes et costumes français (/wiki/Galerie_des_Modes_et_Costumes_Fran%C3%A7ais) (a prominent fashion periodical), and in the paintings of François Boucher (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher) and Philibert-Louis Debucourt (/wiki/Philibert-Louis_Debucourt) . La Marchande de modes by François Boucher. In the eighteenth century, the silhouette of fashionable dress changed relatively little. Novelty therefore came from the ornamentation of clothing, which changed rapidly according to fashion and helped to express personal and wider social identity. The task fell to fashion merchants to 'stitch and arrange daily the fashions that they and their customers dreamed up'. [1] (#cite_note-garsault-1) While the adornment of gowns and the arrangement of hairstyles constituted the core of fashion merchants' activities, fashion merchants also played a pivotal role in the diffusion of style. Their ideas therefore influenced many other professions such as tailors, seamstresses, and linen sellers. Coiffure Belle-Poule The years 1770–1780 saw an acceleration of change in fashionable adornment, with hairstyles becoming emblematic of the constant drive for novelty. Thanks to fashion, hair became a site for the staging of identity and current affairs. The coiffure à la belle poule is a spectacular example of the relationship between news and fashion. The hairstyle integrated a model of a French frigate named La Belle Poule (/wiki/French_frigate_Belle_Poule_(1766)) which became famous after winning a naval battle against the English (/wiki/Action_of_17_June_1778) in 1778. This period also saw numerous caricatures disseminated across Europe which made fun of the height of fashionable hairstyles. Although the work of fashion merchants was therefore not universally admired, it was universally discussed. Mlle Bertin and her contemporaries [ edit ] In the 1770s, there were only a handful of fashion merchants, but the profession expanded quickly in the 1780s in Paris and across France. Some of the main figures of the age included Marie-Jeanne [Rose] Bertin, Jean-Joseph Beaulard, and Mademoiselle Alexandre (/wiki/Mademoiselle_Alexandre) . Louis-Sébastien Mercier dedicated a chapter of his Tableau de Paris to fashion merchants, mentioning Beaulard and Alexandre by name, and claiming that 'the work of fashion is an art; a cherished art, triumphant, which in this century has received honours and distinctions'. [3] (#cite_note-3) Perhaps the most famous fashion merchant was Mlle Bertin, who enjoyed considerable notoriety during her career. Bertin was the foremost supplier of Marie-Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) 's wardrobe, and developed a close relationship with the Queen, so much so that she became known as the 'Minister of Fashion'. [ citation needed ] Bertin's dramatic rise to fame from relatively humble origins in Picardy (/wiki/Picardy) to the inner circle of the Queen alarmed members of the aristocracy, including Marie-Antoinette's lady-in-waiting (/wiki/Lady-in-waiting) Madame Campan (/wiki/Henriette_Campan) . Campan believed that 'the mere admission of a milliner into the house of the Queen was followed by evil consequences to her Majesty' –namely, Marie-Antoinette's growing obsession with fashion. [4] (#cite_note-4) Although Bertin had considerable success during the reign of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, her business suffered during the Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) . Legacy [ edit ] The considerable status of the fashion merchant, especially the female fashion merchant, began to decline in the early decades of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, a handful of fashion merchants continued to supply the French royal court, including Louis Hippolyte Leroy (/wiki/Louis_Hippolyte_Leroy) and Marie-Françoise Corot (/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Corot) . The influential role of fashion merchants in disseminating new trends paved the way for the great designers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such as Charles Frederick Worth (/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth) and Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) . Notes and references [ edit ] ^ a b c F.A. Garsault, Art du tailleur, contenant le tailleur d'habit d'homme ; les culottes de peau ; le tailleur de corps de femmes et d'enfants ; et la marchande de modes , Paris, 1769. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Crowston, Clare Haru (2002). "The Queen and her 'Minister of Fashion': Gender, Credit and Politics in Pre–Revolutionary France" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00253) . Gender & History . 14 (1): 92–116. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/1468-0424.00253 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0424.00253) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0953-5233 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-5233) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 154982982 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154982982) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mercier, Louis-Sébastien (1853). Tableau de Paris . Paris: Pagnerre. p. 48. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Campan, Mme (Jeanne-Louise-Henriette) (1909). Memoirs of Madame Campan on Marie Antoinette and her court . Internet Archive. Boston : J.B. Millet. p. 163. Bibliography [ edit ] Benjamin Alvarez-Araujo, Adélaïde Henriette Damoville, dite Mme Eloffe (1759-1805). Autour d'une marchande de modes imaginaire , mémoire de Master 2 sous la direction de Laurence Croq, Université Paris-Nanterre, 2020. James-Sarazin, Ariane et Lapasin, Régis (2006). Gazette des atours de Marie-Antoinette . Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux - Archives nationales. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) Kimberley Chrisman-Campbell (2015). Fashion Victims: Dress at the Court of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette . New Haven: Yale University Press. Clare Haru Crowston (2013). Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France . Durham: Duke University Press. Natacha Coquery (1998). L’ hôtel aristocratique: le marché du luxe à Paris au XVIIIe siècle . Histoire moderne 39. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. Jennifer Jones (1996). ‘Coquettes and Grisettes: Women Buying and Selling in Ancien Régime Paris’. In The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective , edited by Victoria de Grazia and Ellen Furlough, 25–53. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Daniel Roche (1989). La culture des apparences . Paris: Fayard. Michelle Sapori (2010). Rose Bertin, couturière de Marie-Antoinette . Paris: Perrin. Michelle Sapori (2004). Rose Bertin, ministre des modes de Marie-Antoinette . Paris: Institut Français de la Mode - Regard. Carolyn Sargentson (1996). Merchants and Luxury Markets: The Marchands Merciers of Eighteenth-Century Paris . London and Malibu: Victoria and Albert Museum in association with the J. Paul Getty Museum. 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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Humanic" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Humanic%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Humanic%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Humanic%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Humanic%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Humanic%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Humanic%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) HUMANIC Company type GmbH (/wiki/GmbH) Headquarters Graz (/wiki/Graz) , Austria (/wiki/Austria) Products Shoes, Apparel, Accessories Website www.shoemanic.com (http://www.shoemanic.com) Humanic (stylized in caps HUMANIC ) is a subsidiary of Leder und Schuh (/wiki/Leder_und_Schuh) with its headquarters in Graz (/wiki/Graz) . In 1907, the American Shoe House HUMANIC opened its first two stores in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) , on Kärntnerring 6, opposite the famous Hotel Bristol, and in Mariahilferstraße 92, opposite Hotel Palace. Today HUMANIC is trading in shoes (/wiki/Shoes) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) and appears on the market in eleven European countries. Since March 2009 Austrian and German customers can also shop online. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The brand HUMANIC and the company has been around since 1872. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) By acquiring the majority interest of the Hungarian commercial company SZIVÁRVÁNY Rt. with its headquarters in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , HUMANIC started the internationalisation. Finally, HUMANIC and its shoe stores managed to take over market leadership in Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) . In 1992, HUMANIC entered the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) with the opening of a store in Brno (/wiki/Brno) . In 2000 the company moved on to Slovenia (/wiki/Slovenia) . Two years later HUMANIC opened its first store in Regensburg (/wiki/Regensburg) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) , and, in the same year, the first two stores in Bratislava (/wiki/Bratislava) , Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) . In 2005 HUMANIC entered the Polish market. By opening the first stores in spring 2008 Humanic entered the market in Romania (/wiki/Romania) and Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) . In 2009 the first Humanic store launches in Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) . In April 2019, HUMANIC opened their 5th store in Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) , which was in the city of Plovdiv (/wiki/Plovdiv) . Their other stores are in Sofia (/wiki/Sofia) , Varna (/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria) and Burgas (/wiki/Burgas) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In September 2021, the company introduced a new symbol for its brand. It is symbolized by five letters: FRANZ = Fashion, Revolution, Attitude, Number One, Zeitgeist (fashion, revolution, approach, number one, spirit of the time) and a foot and hand icon in one. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Leder & schuh AG" (http://www.lsag.com/c/cms/affiliates_humanic/index.html) . ^ a b "HUMANIC lässt die Werbeikone FRANZ auferstehen" (https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20210527_OTS0116/humanic-laesst-die-werbeikone-franz-auferstehen-bild) . OTS.at (in German) . Retrieved 2022-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "First Humanic footwear store opens in Bulgaria's Plovdiv" (http://seenews.com/news/first-humanic-footwear-store-opens-in-bulgarias-plovdiv-651652) . seenews.com . Retrieved 2022-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Humanic uvádí novou identitu, do Česka přivádí symbol "Franz" (https://www.mediaguru.cz/clanky/2021/09/humanic-uvadi-novou-identitu-do-ceska-privadi-symbol-franz/) " (https://www.mediaguru.cz/clanky/2021/09/humanic-uvadi-novou-identitu-do-ceska-privadi-symbol-franz/) . MediaGuru.cz (in Czech) . Retrieved 2022-03-20 . External links [ edit ] Website of Humanic (http://www.humanic.net/) Website of Leder & Schuh AG (http://www.lsag.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/251076480) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1023808641) Other MusicBrainz label (https://musicbrainz.org/label/3b3e61c3-52db-4cb3-aef9-8a3c9db592c8) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐xnwqj Cached time: 20240722165430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.332 seconds Real time usage: 0.464 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1262/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24644/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 696/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22868/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5425930/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 436.751 1 -total 27.56% 120.378 1 Template:Reflist 25.73% 112.355 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.34% 106.294 4 Template:Cite_web 24.03% 104.960 1 Template:Notability 22.62% 98.806 1 Template:Infobox 21.77% 95.099 1 Template:Authority_control 19.87% 86.804 1 Template:Ambox 3.31% 14.463 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 1.74% 7.615 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23314695-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165430 and revision id 1215758318. 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Dutch fashion designer Iris van Herpen van Herpen during the Haute Couture Spring/Summer 2012 Born ( 1984-06-05 ) June 5, 1984 (age 40) Wamel (/wiki/Wamel) , The Netherlands Nationality Dutch Occupation Fashion designer Label Iris van Herpen Website Iris van Herpen Official Website (http://irisvanherpen.com/) 3-D printed neckpiece by van Herpen, 2011. Iris van Herpen (born June 5, 1984) is a Dutch fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) known for fusing technology with traditional haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) [1] (#cite_note-1) craftsmanship. [2] (#cite_note-NewYorker-2) Van Herpen opened her own label Iris van Herpen in 2007. In 2011, the Dutch designer became a guest-member of the Parisian Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, part of the Fédération française de la couture (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Since then, Van Herpen has continuously exhibited her new collections at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Van Herpen's work has been included in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , the Cooper-Hewitt Museum (/wiki/Cooper-Hewitt_Museum) in New York and the Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) in Paris. Career [ edit ] Iris van Herpen graduated from the ArtEZ University of the Arts (/wiki/ArtEZ_University_of_Arts) in Arnhem in 2006 [5] (#cite_note-5) and interned at Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) in London (/wiki/London) , [6] (#cite_note-6) and Claudy Jongstra (/wiki/Claudy_Jongstra) [7] (#cite_note-Metropolis-7) in Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) before launching her own label in 2007. [8] (#cite_note-8) The Dutch designer debuted her first Couture collection ' Chemical Crows ’, at the 2007 Amsterdam Fashion Week. [9] (#cite_note-9) Van Herpen was one of the first designers to adopt 3D-printing as a garment construction technique (/w/index.php?title=Garment_construction_technique&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-Metropolis-7) Since 2009, pop star Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) has worn Iris van Herpen's designs on several occasions. In 2012, Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) wore a custom shiny black Couture dress for the launch of her perfume Fame (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Fame) . The shape of the perfume bottle served as the inspiration of the dress, which Van Herpen constructed from laser-cut strips of black acrylic. [2] (#cite_note-NewYorker-2) Van Herpen has also made use of silicones, iron filings, and resin. [10] (#cite_note-10) In November 2023, Iris van Herpen will exhibit her work at the Musée des Arts décoratifs (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris) [11] (#cite_note-11) Dress in the Sculpting the Senses 2023-24 exhibition at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris "Nautiloid" dress in the Sleeping Beauties: Reawakening Fashion (/wiki/Sleeping_Beauties:_Reawakening_Fashion) exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in 2024 Future in fashion design [ edit ] Iris van Herpen takes fashion into the future. Combining craftsmanship with digital technology, she creates an entirely new way to experience clothing. Most notably, the Dutch designer was one of the first to present 3-D-printed dresses in both static and flexible forms on the runway, in a collaboration with the Belgian company Materialise (/wiki/Materialise_NV) . Since then, her evolution has continued. Her Voltage collection explored the interaction between clothing and electricity. She used Scanning Electron Microscope technology for her Micro collection. And she is known not just for using unique materials, but also for creating her own. [7] (#cite_note-Metropolis-7) Collaborations [ edit ] Because of van Herpen's multidisciplinary approach to creation, she has collaborated with various artists such as Jolan van der Wiel [12] (#cite_note-12) and Neri Oxman (/wiki/Neri_Oxman) [13] (#cite_note-13) and architects such as Philip Beesley [14] (#cite_note-14) and Benthem and Crouwel Architects. [15] (#cite_note-15) The designer's interest in science and technology has led to ongoing conversations with CERN (/wiki/CERN) (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) [16] (#cite_note-16) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Further collaborations; Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Benjamin Millepied (/wiki/Benjamin_Millepied) [20] (#cite_note-20) Sasha Waltz (/wiki/Sasha_Waltz) [21] (#cite_note-21) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) [22] (#cite_note-22) Tsunaina (/wiki/Tsunaina) [23] (#cite_note-23) Awards and recognition [ edit ] ANDAM (/wiki/ANDAM) Grand Prix Award (2014) [24] (#cite_note-24) STARTS Prize (/wiki/STARTS_Prize) , granted by the European Commission (/wiki/STARTS_Prize) (2016) [25] (#cite_note-25) Johannes Vermeer Award, Dutch state prize for the arts (2017) [26] (#cite_note-26) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McQueen, Paul (20 September 2016). "The Story of Haute Couture" (https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/paris/articles/a-brief-history-of-haute-couture-in-paris/) . Culture Trip . Retrieved 30 September 2020 . ^ a b Rebecca Mead (25 September 2017). "The New Yorker - Iris van Herpen's Hi-Tech Couture" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/09/25/iris-van-herpens-hi-tech-couture) . The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Berry, Allison (9 April 2013). "Fashion Forward: Boundary-Pushing Designer Iris van Herpen's Latest Creation" (http://style.time.com/2013/04/09/fashion-forward-boundary-pushing-designer-iris-van-herpens-latest-creation/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Verner, Amy (2 July 2018). "Vogue - Fashion Shows Iris Van Herpen" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2018-couture/iris-van-herpen) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Johannes Vermeer Awards 2017 goes to Iris Van Herpen" (https://www.artez.nl/en/johannes-vermeer-award-2017-goes-to-iris-van-herpen) . ArtEZ . 5 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mark Holgate (28 April 2016). "Iris Van Herpen Dutch designer interview on 3D printing" (https://www.vogue.com/article/iris-van-herpen-dutch-designer-interview-3d-printing) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ a b c Sharpe, Shannon (28 October 2014). "Iris Van Herpen is making fashion future" (https://www.metropolismag.com/ideas/arts-culture/iris-van-herpen-is-making-fashion-future/) . Metropolis (/wiki/Metropolis_(architecture_magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Iris van Herpen | BoF 500 | The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/iris-van-herpen) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Borrelli-Persson, Laird (1 January 2008). "Vogue - Fall 2008 Fashion Shows Ready to wear" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2008-ready-to-wear/iris-van-herpen) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mead, Rebecca (18 September 2017). "Iris van Herpen's Hi-Tech Couture" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/09/25/iris-van-herpens-hi-tech-couture) . The New Yorker . Retrieved 10 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Iris van Herpen" (https://madparis.fr/Iris-van-Herpen-2305) . madparis.fr . Retrieved 17 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Magnetic dresses by Iris van Herpen and Jólan van der Wiel" (https://www.dezeen.com/2013/07/30/magnetic-grown-dresses-by-iris-van-herpen-and-jolan-van-der-wiel/) . Dezeen . 30 July 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Voltage by Iris van Herpen with Neri Oxman and Julia Koerner" (https://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/22/voltage-3d-printed-clothes-by-iris-van-herpen-with-neri-oxman-and-julia-koerne/) . Dezeen . 22 January 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Azure - Transforming Fashion: Philip Beesley and Iris van Herpen's Future Couture" (https://www.azuremagazine.com/article/transforming-fashion-philip-beesley-iris-van-herpens/) . Azure (/wiki/Azure_(magazine)) . 13 June 2018 . Retrieved 13 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Water dress by Iris van Herpen" (http://benthemcrouwel.com/915/) . benthemcrouwel.com . 20 July 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Iris Van Herpen Created These CERN-Inspired Outfits Using 3D Printing And Magnets" (https://creators.vice.com/en_au/article/wnpnx9/iris-van-herpen-created-these-cern-inspired-outfits-using-3d-printing-and-magnets) . Vice . 3 October 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Sterling, Bruce (22 January 2013). "Iris van Herpen and Neri Oxman collaborate on 3DPrinted fashion" (https://www.wired.com/2013/01/iris-van-herpen-and-neri-oxman-collaborate-on-3dprinted-fashion/) . Wired . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Flood, Kathleen (9 February 2012). "Dressing Björk: Meet Fashion Designer Iris Van Herpen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130317055922/http://thecreatorsproject.com/blog/dressing-bj%C3%B6rk-meet-fashion-designer-iris-van-herpen) . The Creators Project . Archived from the original (http://thecreatorsproject.com/blog/dressing-björk-meet-fashion-designer-iris-van-herpen) on 17 March 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Roskilde Festival" (http://www.bjork.fr/08-07-2012-Roskilde-Festival) . bjork.fr . Retrieved 23 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Sulcas, Roslyn (25 September 2015). "Paris Opera Shows Off Its Brilliance" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/26/arts/international/paris-opera-shows-off-its-brilliance.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Sasha Waltz - Kreatur" (https://www.sashawaltz.de/en/productions/1146/) . sashawaltz.de . Retrieved 9 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "SHOWstudio - Splash!" (http://showstudio.com/project/splash) . showstudio.com . Retrieved 18 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Abad, Mario. "Tsunaina on Merging Her Dreamy World With Iris van Herpen" (https://www.papermag.com/tsunaina-iris-van-herpen-2653688491.html) . Paper Magazine . Retrieved 14 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Vogue - Iris van Herpen named winner of the ANDAM 2014 Grand Prize" (https://en.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/iris-van-herpen-named-winner-of-the-andam-2014-grand-prize/15058) . vogue.fr. 4 July 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "STARTS Prize - Magnetic Motion" (https://starts-prize.aec.at/en/magnetic-motion/) . starts-prize.aec.at . Retrieved 23 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Johannes Vermeerprijs 2017" (http://www.johannesvermeerprijs.nl/jvp.php?lang=nl) . johannesvermeerprijs.nl . Retrieved 30 October 2017 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iris van Herpen (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iris_van_Herpen) . Official website (http://www.irisvanherpen.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/63149066577165601798) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1023217082) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012156437) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/365334) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐g84k7 Cached time: 20240720170045 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.536 seconds Real time usage: 0.693 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2840/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51040/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2212/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 99950/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.366/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7885740/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 639.151 1 -total 35.50% 226.893 1 Template:Reflist 25.94% 165.811 20 Template:Cite_web 23.53% 150.407 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 14.55% 92.972 1 Template:Authority_control_(arts) 13.39% 85.571 1 Template:Short_description 7.86% 50.245 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.84% 43.722 2 Template:Pagetype 6.84% 43.704 1 Template:Commons_category 6.51% 41.626 1 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34438925-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170045 and revision id 1225797822. 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American television personality JWoww JWoww in 2010 Born Jennifer Lynn Farley ( 1986-02-27 ) February 27, 1986 (age 38) East Greenbush, New York (/wiki/East_Greenbush,_New_York) , U.S. Years active 2009–present Known for Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) Spouse Roger Mathews ( m. 2015; div. 2019) Children 2 Website jennifarley.com (http://www.jennifarley.com) Jennifer Lynn Farley (born February 27, 1986), [1] (#cite_note-official_bio-1) also known as JWoww , is an American television personality. She first came to prominence as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV (/wiki/MTV) reality series Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) , and is a main cast member of its spin-offs, Snooki & Jwoww (/wiki/Snooki_%26_Jwoww) and Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (/wiki/Jersey_Shore:_Family_Vacation) . She has also made several appearances on other shows, such as TNA Impact! (/wiki/Impact!_(TV_series)) , Disaster Date (/wiki/Disaster_Date) and Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars . [2] (#cite_note-2) Since 2015, she has starred in the web series Snooki & Jwoww: Moms with Attitude , which started on go90 (/wiki/Go90) before moving to the MTV YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) channel in 2018. Early life Farley was born in East Greenbush, New York (/wiki/East_Greenbush,_New_York) , [1] (#cite_note-official_bio-1) where she attended Columbia High School (/wiki/Columbia_High_School_(New_York)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She later attended the New York Institute of Technology (/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Before starting her career, she spent time working as a nanny. [5] (#cite_note-5) For a year, during which time she auditioned for Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) , Farley lived in Franklin Square, New York (/wiki/Franklin_Square,_New_York) , on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2019, she took a DNA test to learn of her full genetic background. Her 23andMe (/wiki/23andMe) test stated she is mostly of Northwestern European (/wiki/Northwestern_Europe) ancestry, the breakdown being 24% British/Irish, 16.9% French/German and 23.9% Broadly Northwestern European, with her recent ancestor location being Ireland. The test would also prove she had a small percentage of Italian ancestry, a fact that surprised her as she had previously stated that she was not Italian like most of her Jersey Shore costars. [7] (#cite_note-7) She herself has claimed to be of Irish and Spanish descent, although her DNA test would also reveal she only has a small amount of Iberian ancestry. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Career Before Jersey Shore , Farley owned a graphic design business, Jenni Farley Designs, Inc. In December 2009, at age 23, Farley began appearing in Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) in which she and seven housemates spent the summer in Seaside Heights (/wiki/Seaside_Heights) , New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) . The second season was filmed in Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami) , and then the third season returned to New Jersey. A fourth season of the series was filmed in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy, and the final two seasons moved back to Seaside Heights. Farley launched a line, "Filthy Couture", in a Las Vegas runway show in July 2010. After four months of operation, the line ceased sales in October 2010 due to a threatened trademark lawsuit. [10] (#cite_note-10) Farley stated that the brand was not over and a new line would be released. [11] (#cite_note-11) In April 2011, MTV announced that it ordered two Jersey Shore spin-off series, one of which will feature Farley and castmate Nicole Polizzi (/wiki/Snooki) . Twelve episodes were ordered for the first season. In 2010, she released a book titled The Rules According to JWOWW: Shore-Tested Secrets On Landing a Mint Guy, Staying Fresh to Death, and Kicking the Competition to the Curb . In 2012, she was sued for allegedly filming several episodes of her reality show without proper authorization from her landlord. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2012, Farley and her Jersey Shore co-star Nicole Polizzi (/wiki/Snooki) began starring in Snooki & JWoww (/wiki/Snooki_%26_JWoww) , which premiered on MTV on June 21, 2012. The first season was filmed over the course of six weeks at a former two-story firehouse located near Grove and Mercer Streets in Jersey City, New Jersey (/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey) , [13] (#cite_note-13) followed Polizzi and Farley moving in together, [14] (#cite_note-spinoffs1-14) [15] (#cite_note-NJ.com-15) and was described as a modern-day Laverne & Shirley (/wiki/Laverne_%26_Shirley) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Farley also hosted MTV's Club New Year's Eve 2013 with Polizzi and Jeff Dye (/wiki/Jeff_Dye) to ring in 2013. The duo did star again in the second season of Snooki & JWoww , which followed the stars at their actual permanent residences, and premiered on January 8, 2013. It was renewed for a third season. [17] (#cite_note-17) In October 2011, Farley launched her official website. [18] (#cite_note-18) In January 2013, Farley ranked in GQ (/wiki/GQ) magazine's "Sexiest 100 Ladies of the 21st Century" list. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2015, Farley competed and won the seventh season of Worst Cooks in America: Celebrity Edition (/wiki/Worst_Cooks_in_America:_Celebrity_Edition) . Farley also made her feature film debut starring in the indie production, The Mint (/wiki/The_Mint_(film)) , in which she played the girlfriend of a record executive and also served as the film's executive producer. [20] (#cite_note-20) Since late 2015, she has starred in Snooki & Jwoww: Moms with Attitude . In 2018, Farley returned to the Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore) franchise starring in Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (/wiki/Jersey_Shore:_Family_Vacation) . Personal life Farley in 2018 Farley and Roger Mathews married in October 2015. [21] (#cite_note-21) They have two children: daughter Meilani, born July 13, 2014, [22] (#cite_note-22) and son Greyson, born May 5, 2016. [23] (#cite_note-Jenni_'JWoww'_Farley_Welcomes_Son_Greyson_Valor-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) In September 2018, Farley filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. [25] (#cite_note-25) In the midst of her divorce from Mathews, on December 17, 2018, she reported to the police that her previous boyfriend Tom Lippolis, whom she had dated approximately 10 years prior, and had made appearances with her in the early seasons of Jersey Shore , attempted to extort $25,000 from her in exchange for not selling "her secrets" to the press. He was arrested for this crime on December 19, 2018. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) In August 2019, Farley's divorce from Mathews was finalized. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) From April to October 2019, Farley was in a relationship with professional wrestler Zack Carpinello. After a brief separation period, Farley confirmed reconciliation on her Instagram page in December 2019. In February 2021, the couple became engaged at the Empire State Building, a surprise for Farley’s birthday. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) TV and film appearances Year Title Role Notes 2009–2012 Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) Herself Credited as JWoww (71 episodes) 2010 TNA iMPACT! (/wiki/Impact!_(TV_series)) Herself 2 episodes 2011 Silent Library (/wiki/Silent_Library_(TV_series)) Herself Episode "Jersey Shore" 2012–2015 Snooki & Jwoww (/wiki/Snooki_%26_Jwoww) Herself Credited as JWoww (48 episodes) 2012 The Three Stooges (/wiki/The_Three_Stooges_(2012_film)) JWoww Cameo role MTV's Club New Year's Eve 2013 Herself Hosted with Snooki and Jeff Dye 2013 One Life to Live (/wiki/One_Life_to_Live) Nikki Recurring character 2014 Marriage Boot Camp (/wiki/Marriage_Boot_Camp) Herself Main cast (Season 3: Reality Stars, 8 episodes) 2015 Worst Cooks in America (/wiki/Worst_Cooks_in_America) Contestant Winner (Season 7: Celebrity Edition 1, 6 episodes) 2015–present Snooki & Jwoww: Moms with Attitude Herself 2015 The Mint (/wiki/The_Mint_(film)) Vicky Actress and executive producer 2016 Burgers, Brew & 'Que Herself 2017 Jenni & Roger: Domesticated Herself 2018–present Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (/wiki/Jersey_Shore:_Family_Vacation) Herself Main cast 2020 Celebrity Family Feud (/wiki/Celebrity_Family_Feud) Herself Season 7, Episode 4 (/wiki/List_of_Celebrity_Family_Feud_episodes#Season_7_(2020)) 2021 Floribama Shore (/wiki/Floribama_Shore) Herself Season 4, Episode 14 & 15, Hosted with Snooki [33] (#cite_note-33) 2022 Buckhead Shore (/wiki/Buckhead_Shore) Herself Season 1, Episode 11 & 12, Hosted with The Situation 2024 The Tiny Chef Show (/wiki/The_Tiny_Chef_Show) Herself Episode: "Ruby Stew" References ^ a b "Jenni 'JWOWW' Farley" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120512034926/http://www.bookingentertainment.com/artists/realityshows/jenni-jwoww-farley.php) . Booking Entertainment (Farley official booking agency). Archived from the original (http://www.bookingentertainment.com/artists/realityshows/jenni-jwoww-farley.php) on May 12, 2012 . Retrieved February 3, 2014 . Jenni "JWOWW" Farley was born on February 27, 1986 in rural East Greenbush, New York. At age 21, Jenni left her upstate New York home for Manhattan, where she began a career in computer programming and graphic design with her business Jenni Farley Designs Inc. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars" (http://www.wetv.com/shows/marriage-boot-camp-reality-stars/cast) . WE tv . Retrieved July 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Amanda Talar (February 23, 2010). "JNormal to JWOWW" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110717060359/http://blog.timesunion.com/amanda/jnormal-to-jwoww/570/) . Times Union (/wiki/Times_Union_(Albany)) . Albany, New York. Archived from the original (http://blog.timesunion.com/amanda/jnormal-to-jwoww/570/) on July 17, 2011 . Retrieved March 29, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Moylan, Brian. "The lost art of JWoww" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140530231043/http://gawker.com/5738120/the-lost-art-of-jwoww) . Gawker.com. Archived from the original (http://gawker.com/5738120/the-lost-art-of-jwoww) on May 30, 2014 . Retrieved June 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Jenni 'JWOWW' Farley and Nicole 'Snooki' Polizzi chat with Access Hollywood" (Interview). Access Hollywood. June 20, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Farley, Jenni (February 14, 2010). "Omg for the last time" (https://www.facebook.com/JWoww/posts/omg-for-the-last-time-i-lived-in-franklin-square-when-i-tried-out-for-show-i-nev/302586069122/) . Jenni Farley verified Facebook account. Archived (https://archive.today/20181128190548/https://www.facebook.com/JWoww/posts/omg-for-the-last-time-i-lived-in-franklin-square-when-i-tried-out-for-show-i-nev/302586069122/) from the original on November 28, 2018 . Retrieved January 21, 2019 . I lived in Franklin Square when I tried out for show! I never grew up there or went to carry! I am not from Long Island lol... Love FS but only lived there a yr ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Snooki & JWoww's DNA Test Results Will Shock You 27 January 2019" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbU3Snfwcoo&t=1m40s) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/kbU3Snfwcoo) from the original on December 15, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fox411 Exclusive: JWOWW reveals neither she nor Snooki is Italian!" (http://entertainment.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/02/16/fox411-exclusive-jwoww-reveals-neither-she-nor-snooki-are-italian/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130616171623/http://entertainment.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/02/16/fox411-exclusive-jwoww-reveals-neither-she-nor-snooki-are-italian/) June 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Fox411. February 16, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "SHOCKER: Jersey Shore's JWoww and Snooki Are Not Italian" (http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/shocker-jwoww-snooki-are-not-italian-2010162) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . February 16, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Amy Odell (October 20, 2010). "JWOWW's Filthy Couture Clothing Line Shut Down" (http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/10/jwowws_filthy_couture_clothing_1.html) . New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 19, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "JWoWW Says Filthy Couture Clothing Line Is Not Over" (http://www.stylelist.com/2010/10/20/jwoww-filthy-couture-not-over/) . StyleList. October 20, 2010 . Retrieved September 14, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) TMZ Staff, Jwoww Sued , tmz.com, March 8, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Huff, Richard (February 8, 2012). "MTV's JWoww and Snooki spin into Jersey City after being kicked to the curb in Hoboken" (http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/mtv-jwoww-snooki-spin-jersey-city-kicked-curb-hoboken-article-1.1019596?localLinksEnabled=false) . Daily News (/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) . ^ (#cite_ref-spinoffs1_14-0) "MTV Announces Two 'Jersey Shore' Spinoffs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110411213358/http://mtvpress.com/press/release/jersey_shore_spinoffs) (Press release). MTV. April 7, 2011. Archived from the original (http://mtvpress.com/press/release/jersey_shore_spinoffs) on April 11, 2011 . Retrieved April 14, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-NJ.com_15-0) "PHOTOS: Snooki, JWoww move into old Jersey City firehouse for 'Jersey Shore' spinoff" (http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/02/photos_snooki_jwoww_move_into.html) . NJ.com (/wiki/NJ.com) . February 26, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Snooki, JWoww: 'Jersey Shore' spinoff will be a modern-day 'Laverne & Shirley' (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/02/07/snooki-jwoww-say-spinoff-show-will-be-modern-day-laverne-shirley/) " (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/02/07/snooki-jwoww-say-spinoff-show-will-be-modern-day-laverne-shirley/) . Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . February 8, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-17) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20130429135737/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/25/snooki-jwoww-renewed-for-third-season-mtv-greenlights-scream-pilot/179645/) 'Snooki & JWOWW' Renewed for Third Season + MTV Greenlights 'Scream' Pilot - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130429135737/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/25/snooki-jwoww-renewed-for-third-season-mtv-greenlights-scream-pilot/179645/) . Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. April 25, 2013. Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/25/snooki-jwoww-renewed-for-third-season-mtv-greenlights-scream-pilot/179645/) on April 29, 2013 . Retrieved February 23, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Jenni "JWoww" Farley Launches New Website with Live Chat Just in Time for 'Jersey Shore' Finale" (http://realitytvmagazine.sheknows.com/2011/10/20/jenni-jwoww-farley-launches-new-website-with-live-chat-just-in-time-for-jersey-shore-finale/) . Reality TV Magazine / SheKnows.com. ] ^ (#cite_ref-19) Da Silva Villarrubia, Santiago Katriel (January 16, 2013). "GQ's Hottest Women: The Sexiest 100 Ladies of the 21st Century" (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/01/15/gq-hottest-women_n_2481578.html?view=print#slide=1989005) . The Huffington Post Canada . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "My Movie Debut In 'The Mint'..." (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082904/http://jennifarley.com/story/my-movie-debut-in-the-mint/) Jenni Farley | Official Website . Archived from the original (http://www.jennifarley.com/story/my-movie-debut-in-the-mint/) on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved June 16, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "JWoww Is Pregnant With Baby No. 2!" (http://www.eonline.com/news/707745/jwoww-is-pregnant-jersey-shore-star-and-roger-mathews-announce-baby-no-2-during-their-wedding-party) . E! . October 19, 2015 . Retrieved June 16, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Marquina, Sierra (July 13, 2014). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Gives Birth to Baby Girl Meilani Alexandra Mathews!" (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/jenni-jwoww-farley-gives-birth-baby-girl-meilani-alexandra-mathews-2014137/) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jenni_'JWoww'_Farley_Welcomes_Son_Greyson_Valor_23-0) Adams, Char (May 5, 2016). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Welcomes Son Greyson Valor" (https://people.com/parents/jwoww-jenni-farley-welcomes-son-greyson-valor/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Farley, Jenni (May 5, 2016). "So blessed to welcome our precious son Greyson Valor Mathews" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BFDH-_LqS2F) . Jenni Farley verified Instagram account. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BFDH-_LqS2F/) on December 26, 2021. He arrived healthy at 6:03pm tonight ^ (#cite_ref-25) " (https://www.tmz.com/2018/09/27/jwoww-divorce-jenni-farley-jersey-shore/) 'Jersey Shore' Star JWoww Files for Divorce" (https://www.tmz.com/2018/09/27/jwoww-divorce-jenni-farley-jersey-shore/) . TMZ . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Merrett, Robyn (December 19, 2018). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley's Ex Charged with Extortion After Allegedly Threatening to Sell Stories About Her" (https://people.com/tv/jenni-jwoww-farleys-ex-charged-extortion-allegedly-threatening-to-sell-stories-about-her/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Crabtree, Erin (December 19, 2018). "JWoww's Ex Arrested for Allegedly Trying to Extort Money From Her" (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/jenni-jwoww-farleys-ex-thomas-lippolis-arrested-for-extortion/) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Stone, Natalie; Corinthios, Aurelie (August 29, 2019). "Jersey Shore's Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Finalizes Divorce from Roger Mathews" (https://people.com/tv/jersey-shore-jenni-jwoww-farley-finalizes-divorce-from-roger-mathews/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Tailor, Leena (August 29, 2019). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Officially Divorced From Roger Mathews" (https://www.etonline.com/jersey-shore-star-jenni-jwoww-farley-officially-divorced-from-roger-mathews-131518) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Heller, Corinne (April 26, 2019). "Inside JWoww's Relationship With Zack Clayton Carpinello" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1036014/inside-jwoww-s-relationship-with-zack-clayton-carpinello) . E! (/wiki/E!) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Corinthios, Aurelie (August 26, 2019). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley's Boyfriend Revealed: Meet Pro Wrestler Zack Clayton Carpinello" (https://people.com/tv/jwoww-jenni-farley-boyfriend-zack-clayton-carpinello/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 2, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Clarendon, Dan (October 11, 2019). "Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Splits From Zack Carpinello After Seeing Him Flirt With Angelina Pivarnick" (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/jwoww-and-zack-carpinello-split-after-angelina-pivarnick-drama/) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved October 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Ossad, Jordana. "Will Floribama Shore's Feuding Roomies Take Snooki And JWOWW's Advice?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210528035838/http://www.mtv.com/news/3177433/mtv-floribama-shore-reunion-gus-jeremiah-snooki-jwoww-advice/) . MTV News . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/3177433/mtv-floribama-shore-reunion-gus-jeremiah-snooki-jwoww-advice/) on May 28, 2021 . Retrieved May 29, 2021 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jennifer Farley (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jennifer_Farley) . Official website (http://www.jennifarley.com) Jenni Farley (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3725828/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Jenni Farley (JWoww) (https://web.archive.org/web/20140822220440/http://www.mtv.com/celebrity/jwoww-1/#cast=snooki_jwoww) at MTV (/wiki/MTV) Tag: Jenni "JWOWW" Farley (http://www.wetpaint.com/jenni-jwoww-farley/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140809083645/http://www.wetpaint.com/jenni-jwoww-farley) August 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) at Wetpaint v t e Jersey Shore (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)) Cast Angelina Pivarnick (/wiki/Angelina_Pivarnick) Jennifer Farley (JWoww) Michael Sorrentino (The Situation) (/wiki/Michael_Sorrentino) Nicole Polizzi (Snooki) (/wiki/Snooki) Paul DelVecchio (Pauly D) (/wiki/Pauly_D) Ronnie Ortiz-Magro (/wiki/Ronnie_Ortiz-Magro) Sammi Giancola (/wiki/Sammi_Giancola) Vinny Guadagnino (/wiki/Vinny_Guadagnino) Deena Nicole Cortese (/wiki/Deena_Nicole_Cortese) Related Episodes (/wiki/List_of_Jersey_Shore_episodes) Controversies and criticism (/wiki/Controversy_and_criticism_of_Jersey_Shore) Jersey Shore Shark Attack (/wiki/Jersey_Shore_Shark_Attack) The Three Stooges (/wiki/The_Three_Stooges_(2012_film)) Spin-offs / successors The Pauly D Project (/wiki/The_Pauly_D_Project) Snooki & Jwoww (/wiki/Snooki_%26_Jwoww) The Show with Vinny (/wiki/The_Show_with_Vinny) Floribama Shore (/wiki/Floribama_Shore) Family Vacation (/wiki/Jersey_Shore:_Family_Vacation) Double Shot at Love (/wiki/Double_Shot_at_Love_(2019_TV_series)) Revenge Prank (/wiki/Revenge_Prank) Buckhead Shore (/wiki/Buckhead_Shore) International versions Geordie Shore (/wiki/Geordie_Shore) Gandía Shore (/wiki/Gand%C3%ADa_Shore) Acapulco Shore (/wiki/Acapulco_Shore) Warsaw Shore (/wiki/Warsaw_Shore) Super Shore (/wiki/Super_Shore) Rio Shore (/wiki/Rio_Shore) Germany Shore (/wiki/Germany_Shore) All Star Shore (/wiki/All_Star_Shore) Frenchie Shore (/wiki/Frenchie_Shore) Italia Shore (/wiki/Italia_Shore) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/168979465) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBYH9G3gBcjyxVPvWqwC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011039035) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐sqf2w Cached time: 20240722164604 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.577 seconds Real time usage: 0.743 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3607/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 75105/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4112/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 122643/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.368/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9310924/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 683.098 1 -total 31.04% 212.007 1 Template:Reflist 29.78% 203.415 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.49% 160.477 24 Template:Cite_web 10.74% 73.353 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 10.47% 71.491 1 Template:Jersey_Shore 10.22% 69.843 1 Template:Navbox 7.96% 54.346 1 Template:Short_description 7.85% 53.638 1 Template:Marriage 6.83% 46.649 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25980286-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722164604 and revision id 1232481760. 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=List+of+Grazia+%28India%29+cover+models&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=List+of+Grazia+%28India%29+cover+models) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models) for suggestions. ( February 2022 ) This list of Grazia (India) cover models 2008–present is a catalog of women who have appeared on the cover of the Indian (/wiki/India) edition of Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) magazine, starting with the magazine's first issue in April 2008. 2008 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes April Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) Launch issue. May June July Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [1] (#cite_note-1) August Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) September Carol Gracias (/wiki/Carol_Gracias) October Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) November Mallika Sherawat (/wiki/Mallika_Sherawat) December 2009 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) February Amrita Arora (/wiki/Amrita_Arora) March April Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) 1st Anniversary Special. Issue has 3 split covers all featuring Priyanka. [7] (#cite_note-7) May Shilpa Shetty (/wiki/Shilpa_Shetty) [8] (#cite_note-8) June July August Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) September Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) October Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) November Asin (/wiki/Asin) December Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) 2010 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January February Twinkle Khanna (/wiki/Twinkle_Khanna) March Preity Zinta (/wiki/Preity_Zinta) April Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) 2nd Anniversary Special. May June 2 random models [12] (#cite_note-12) July Neha Dhupia (/wiki/Neha_Dhupia) August Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) September Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) October Asin (/wiki/Asin) November Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) [13] (#cite_note-13) December Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) [14] (#cite_note-14) 2011 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Genelia D'Souza (/wiki/Genelia_D%27Souza) February Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) March Liza Golden (/w/index.php?title=Liza_Golden&action=edit&redlink=1) , Nidhi Sunil (/wiki/Nidhi_Sunil) , Arshia Ahuja (/w/index.php?title=Arshia_Ahuja&action=edit&redlink=1) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) April Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Third Anniversary Special. May Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) June Angela Jonsson (/wiki/Angela_Jonsson) July Kanishtha Dhankar (/wiki/Kanishtha_Dhankar) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) August Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) September Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) October Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) November Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) December Nargis Fakhri (/wiki/Nargis_Fakhri) 2012 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Esha Gupta (/wiki/Esha_Gupta) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) February Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) March Jyothsna Chakravarthy (/w/index.php?title=Jyothsna_Chakravarthy&action=edit&redlink=1) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) April Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) 4th Anniversary Special. May Rachel Bayros (/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Bayros&action=edit&redlink=1) & Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) June Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) July Monica Dogra (/wiki/Monica_Dogra) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) August Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) September Nidhi Sunil (/wiki/Nidhi_Sunil) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) October Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) November Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) December Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) [25] (#cite_note-Yr2012-25) 2013 [ edit ] Month Cover model(s) Notes January Ankita Shorey (/wiki/Ankita_Shorey) [36] (#cite_note-36) February Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) March Angela Jonsson (/wiki/Angela_Jonsson) First and only underwater cover. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) April Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) May Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) June Salome Polaki (/w/index.php?title=Salome_Polaki&action=edit&redlink=1) [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) July Chitrangada Singh (/wiki/Chitrangada_Singh) [45] (#cite_note-45) August Archana Akhil Kumar [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) September Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) [48] (#cite_note-48) October Shruti Haasan (/wiki/Shruti_Haasan) November Sonakshi Sinha (/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha) December Kareena Kapoor Khan (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan) [49] (#cite_note-49) 2014 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January Sahar Biniaz (/wiki/Sahar_Biniaz) [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) February Ileana D'Cruz (/wiki/Ileana_D%27Cruz) [ citation needed ] March Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) [ citation needed ] April Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [ citation needed ] May Ketholeno Kense (/w/index.php?title=Ketholeno_Kense&action=edit&redlink=1) [52] (#cite_note-52) June Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) [ citation needed ] July Esha Gupta (/wiki/Esha_Gupta) [ citation needed ] August Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) [ citation needed ] September Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) October November Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) December Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) 2015 [ edit ] Month Cover Model(s) Notes January February March Ashwati Ramesh [53] (#cite_note-53) April May June July August September October November December 2016 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models&action=edit§ion=) . ( February 2022 ) 2017 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models&action=edit§ion=) . ( February 2022 ) 2018 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models&action=edit§ion=) . ( February 2022 ) 2019 [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grazia_(India)_cover_models&action=edit§ion=) . ( March 2020 ) 2020 [ edit ] 2021 [ edit ] 2022 [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sonam Kapoor in Grazia July 2008 magazine Photoshoot (Latest, New, HQ pictures)" (http://www.zimbio.com/Saawariya/articles/147/Sonam+Kapoor+Grazia+July+2008+magazine+Photoshoot) . Zimbio . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "I charge what I'm worth: Deepika Padukone" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/i-charge-what-im-worth-deepika-padukone/376543) . The Indian Express (/wiki/The_Indian_Express) . 2008-10-22 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Deepika: (un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/deepika-padukone-grazia-magazine-cover/) . High Heel Confidential. 2008-10-12 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Deepika Padukone on the Cover of Grazia Mag and Scan" (http://www.pinkvilla.com/node/49084) . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Deepika graces Grazia cover" (http://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/deepika-graces-grazia-cover/3503/) . Bollywoodmantra.com. 2008-10-23 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Grazia India October 2008 Deepika Padukone Pamela Anderson Danielle Crockett" (http://www.ebay.com/itm/Grazia-India-October-2008-Deepika-Padukone-Pamela-Anderson-Danielle-Crockett-/130714330630?pt=Magazines&hash=item1e6f2e6606) . eBay . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Cover Wars!" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/priyanka-chopra-on-grazia-india-all-three-covers-decoded/) . High Heel Confidential. 2009-04-14 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Shilpa On Grazia India: (Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/shilpa-shetty-azara-alpana-neeraj-grazia-india/) . High Heel Confidential. 2009-06-04 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Deepika padukone on cover of Grazia [september 2009" (http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/grazia/deepika-padukone-cover-grazia-september-2009) . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Deepika graces Grazia" (http://bollywood.celebden.com/2009/09/deepika-graces-grazia/) . Bollywood.celebden.com . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Grazia September 2009 Deepika Padukone Beyonce Knowles Sonam Kapoor Fashion Mag" (http://www.ebay.com/itm/Grazia-Sep-2009-Deepika-Padukone-Beyonce-Knowles-Sonam-/130714330650) . eBay . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "(Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/we-love-the-grazia-june-cover/) . High Heel Confidential. 2010-06-02 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Monikangana On Grazia:(Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/tag/dolce-and-gabbana-lace-top/) . High Heel Confidential. 2010-10-28 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "(Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/tamara-moss-on-grazia-dec-cover-in-mcqueen/) . High Heel Confidential. 2010-11-29 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Grazia:(Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/arshia-liza-and-nidhi-on-grazia-india-march-cover/) . High Heel Confidential. 2011-03-08 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "GraziaIndia: Grazia March cover featuring the stunning Liza Golden, Nidhi Sunil and Arshia Ahuja" (http://twicsy.com/i/jQ4Zy) . Twicsy.com. 2011-03-01 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "GraziaIndia: Grazia March cover featuring" (https://twitter.com/GraziaIndia/status/42483083861037056) . Twitter.com . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Kanishtha Dhankar on Grazia July 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140819210743/http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/deepika-padukone-graces-cover-grazia-april-2012-gucci-16131/attachment/kanishtha-dhankar-on-grazia-july-2011) . Style Me India. 2012-03-30. Archived from the original (http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/deepika-padukone-graces-cover-grazia-april-2012-gucci-16131/attachment/kanishtha-dhankar-on-grazia-july-2011) on 2014-08-19 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Vote: Sonakshi vs Chitrangada on July Mag Cover - Page 6" (http://idiva.com/photogallery-style-beauty/vote-sonakshi-vs-chitrangada-on-july-mag-cover/6047/6) . iDiva.com. 30 June 2011 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Anushka Sharma on the cover of Grazia [September 2011]" (http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/anushka-sharma/anushka-sharma-cover-grazia-spetember-2011) . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Anushka Sharma for Grazia" (https://archive.today/20130412033507/http://www.visheshverma.com/news/2011/9/1/anushka-sharma-for-grazia.html) . Vishesh Verma. 2011-09-01. Archived from the original (http://www.visheshverma.com/news/2011/9/1/anushka-sharma-for-grazia.html) on 2013-04-12 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Photo Shoots: Anushka Sharma for Grazia Magazine (September 2011)" (http://www.zimbio.com/Bollywood+Actresses/articles/d-8sH2iCdjx/Photo+Shoots+Anushka+Sharma+Grazia+Magazine) . Zimbio. 2011-08-29 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Anushka Sharma on the cover of Grazia September 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102838/http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/deepika-padukone-graces-cover-grazia-april-2012-gucci-16131/attachment/anushka-sharma-on-the-cover-of-grazia-spetember-2011) . Style Me India. 2012-03-30. Archived from the original (http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/deepika-padukone-graces-cover-grazia-april-2012-gucci-16131/attachment/anushka-sharma-on-the-cover-of-grazia-spetember-2011) on 2014-08-19 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Ravi (2011-08-30). "Photo Shoots: Anushka Sharma for Grazia Magazine (September 2011)" (http://www.bollywoodbuzz.in/photo-shoot-anushka-sharma-grazia-magazine-september-2011/) . Bollywoodbuzz.in . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "What's Your Favorite Grazia India Cover of 2012?" (https://archive.today/20130409165313/http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2012/12/11/whats-your-favorite-grazia-india-cover-of-2012/) . fashioncirQle. Archived from the original (http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2012/12/11/whats-your-favorite-grazia-india-cover-of-2012/) on 2013-04-09 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Rachel Bayros and Tamara Moss cover girls for Grazia India May 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130302161105/http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/rachel-bayros-tamara-moss-cover-girls-grazia-india-2012-20353) . Style Me India. Archived from the original (http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/rachel-bayros-tamara-moss-cover-girls-grazia-india-2012-20353) on 2013-03-02 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Tamara Moss" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/tag/tamara-moss/) . High Heel Confidential . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Magazine Wars: May 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130602031102/http://mumbaiboss.com/2012/05/07/magazine-wars-may-2012/) . Mumbai Boss. Archived from the original (http://mumbaiboss.com/2012/05/07/magazine-wars-may-2012/) on 2013-06-02 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Vote: Sexiest India covergirl this May!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-poll-sexiest-india-covergirl-2012-may/20120510.htm#9) . Rediff.com . 2012-05-10 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Vote: Deepika vs Amy on May Mag Covers - Page 5" (http://idiva.com/photogallery-style-beauty/vote-deepika-vs-amy-on-may-mag-covers/12466/5) . iDiva.com. 3 May 2012 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Vote: Vidya Balan Vs Alia Bhatt on September Mag Covers - Page 5" (http://idiva.com/photogallery-style-beauty/vote-vidya-balan-vs-alia-bhatt-on-september-mag-covers/15445/5) . iDiva.com. 3 September 2012 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Cover of Grazia India with Nidhi Sunil - Magazine - September 2012 - Profile on FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/magazines/grazia-india/covers/september-2012/17604/) . Fashionmodeldirectory.com . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Nidhi Sunil adorns the Grazia cover for September 2012" (http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/nidhi-sunil/nidhi-sunil-adorns-grazia-cover-september-2012) . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Nidhi Sunil on cover Grazia India Sept 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140819103110/http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/nidhi-sunil-in-gucci-and-nikhil-thampi-on-cover-grazia-india-sept-2012-36358/attachment/nidhi-sunil-on-cover-grazia-india-sept-2012) . Style Me India. 2012-08-30. Archived from the original (http://www.stylemeindia.com/fashion/nidhi-sunil-in-gucci-and-nikhil-thampi-on-cover-grazia-india-sept-2012-36358/attachment/nidhi-sunil-on-cover-grazia-india-sept-2012) on 2014-08-19 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Cover Talk : Nidhi Sunil on Grazia September 2012 (Full Editorial Breakdown)" (https://archive.today/20130409152249/http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2012/09/01/cover-talk-nidhi-sunil-on-grazia-september-2012-full-editorial-breakdown/) . fashioncirQle. 2012-09-02. Archived from the original (http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2012/09/01/cover-talk-nidhi-sunil-on-grazia-september-2012-full-editorial-breakdown/) on 2013-04-09 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Vote: Sexiest India covergirl this January!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-poll-sexiest-india-covergirl-2013-january/20130108.htm#8) . Rediff.com . 2013-01-08 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Anand Bora. "Diana Penty on the Cover of Grazia India for Feb 2013" (http://cinebag.com/diana-penty-on-the-cover-of-grazia-india-for-feb-2013/) . CineBag . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Diana Penty on the cover of Grazia India (Feb 2013)" (http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/magazine-covers/diana-penty-cover-grazia-india-feb-2013) . Pinkvilla . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Angela Jonsson Goes "Into the Blue" for Grazia India March 2013" (http://fashiongonerogue.com/angela-jonsson-goes-into-the-blue-for-grazia-india-march-2013/) . Fashion Gone Rogue. 2013-03-10 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Angela Jonsson's Photoshoot from Grazia India - March 2013" (https://archive.today/20130410193045/http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2013/03/08/angela-jonssons-photoshoot-from-grazia-india-march-2013/) . fashioncirQle. Archived from the original (http://www.fashioncirqle.com/2013/03/08/angela-jonssons-photoshoot-from-grazia-india-march-2013/) on 2013-04-10 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Vote: Sexiest India covergirl this March!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-poll-sexiest-india-covergirl-2013-march/20130311.htm#17) . Rediff.com . 2013-03-11 . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Mumbai: Grazia India shoots its first underwater cover" (http://mumbainewsbox.blogspot.in/2013/03/grazia-india-shoots-its-first.html) . Mumbainewsbox.blogspot.in . Retrieved 2013-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Behind the Scenes - June Cover Shoot with Salome Polaki - Grazia India" (https://archive.today/20130809072405/http://grazia.co.in/videos/behind-the-scenes-june-cover-shoot-with-salome-polaki) . Archived from the original (http://grazia.co.in/videos/behind-the-scenes-june-cover-shoot-with-salome-polaki) on 2013-08-09 . Retrieved 2013-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "VOTE: Sexiest India covergirl this June!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-vote-sexiest-india-covergirl-this-june/20130612.htm#9) . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Magazines - The Charmer Pages : Chitrangada Singh on Cover for Grazia India July 2013" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130811015346/http://kopacharmer.blogspot.in/2013/06/chitrangada-singh-on-cover-for-grazia.html) . kopacharmer.blogspot.in . Archived from the original (http://kopacharmer.blogspot.in/2013/06/chitrangada-singh-on-cover-for-grazia.html) on 2013-08-11. ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Archana on Grazia: (Un)Covered" (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/archana-akhil-kumar-in-pankaj-and-nidhi-pankajandnidhi-on-grazia-india-graziaindia-aug-2013/) . 9 August 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-47) "VOTE: Sexiest India covergirl this August!" (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-glamour-vote-sexiest-india-covergirl-this-august/20130813.htm#6) . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Aashiqui 2 beauty Shraddha Kapoor looks fierce and beautiful" (http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/anushka-sharma-shimmers-n-shines-/3147-6.html) . indianexpress.com . Retrieved 9 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "PHOTOS: SRK, Priyanka, Kangana, Deepika say Hello Photo Gallery, Picture News Gallery - the Indian Express" (http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/hot-cover-girls-gauri-khan-deepika-katrina-sonam-/4013-5.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "Vote: Alia Bhatt Vs Nargis Fakhri on January Mag Covers | Style & Beauty" (http://idiva.com/photogallery-style-beauty/vote-alia-bhatt-vs-nargis-fakhri-on-january-mag-covers/26894/7) . 3 January 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Grazia Magazine { January 2014 } | Akanksha Redhu" (http://akanksharedhu.com/2014/01/14/grazia-magazine-january-2014/#.UvaXjoXkjBZ) . 14 January 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Ketholeno Kense Wowwww" (http://www.missosology.info/forum/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=279286#p4698316) . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "#BehindTheScenes: Watch the Making of our March 2015 Cover Story" (https://www.grazia.co.in/lifestyle/behindthescenes-watch-the-making-of-our-march-2015-cover-story-1252.html) . External links [ edit ] Grazia India covers - highheelconfidential.com (http://www.highheelconfidential.com/tag/grazia-india/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐rfssk Cached time: 20240714051308 Cache expiry: 1536414 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.470 seconds Real time usage: 0.561 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3728/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 117513/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5125/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 200411/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.284/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5698925/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 491.702 1 -total 55.14% 271.113 1 Template:Reflist 47.47% 233.398 53 Template:Cite_web 15.28% 75.142 1 Template:Short_description 12.04% 59.210 5 Template:Ambox 11.63% 57.161 1 Template:Orphan 10.64% 52.306 1 Template:Draft_other 10.33% 50.786 6 Template:Citation_needed 8.39% 41.265 6 Template:Fix 8.35% 41.079 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38906945-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714051308 and revision id 1134924941. 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Submission declined on 28 March 2023 by Tails Wx (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tails_Wx) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tails_Wx) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Yelena+Olshansky%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Yelena_Olshansky) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Yelena_Olshansky&defaults=y) Declined by Tails Wx (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tails_Wx) 15 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot (/wiki/User:Citation_bot) 45 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Yuroly&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 25 March 2023 by AngusWOOF (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AngusWOOF) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:AngusWOOF) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by AngusWOOF (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AngusWOOF) 15 months ago. Comment: Per WP:CIRCULAR (/wiki/Wikipedia:CIRCULAR) , Wikipedia shouldn't be used as sources. Tails Wx 14:45, 28 March 2023 (UTC) Comment: Please clean up the references to wikipedia articles. It should not be cited that way. The article needs an opening paragraph highlight why she is notable as an artist. What criteria does she meet for WP:NARTIST (/wiki/Wikipedia:NARTIST) or WP:MUSICBIO (/wiki/Wikipedia:MUSICBIO) ? AngusW🐶🐶F ( bark • sniff ) 00:07, 25 March 2023 (UTC) An American inventor Yelena Olshansky Yelena Olshansky Yelena Olshansky, Jersey City, N.J, 2020 Born 04.12.1928 Leningrad, Soviet Union Nationality USA Citizenship USA Occupation inventor Years active 1928-present Known for invention of half-corset, activist of Leningrad's non-conformist artists movement Children Vladimir Olshansky, Yury Olshansky Parents Ephim Kogan (father) Tatiana Bulgakov (mother) Awards In 2019 Awarded US patent for the invention of half-corset Yelena Olshansky , an American inventor [1] (#cite_note-1) and Holocaust survivor [2] (#cite_note-2) was born 4/12/1928 in Leningrad (/wiki/Leningrad) (Soviet Union). In early 20th her parents, Ephim Kogan and Tatiana Bulgakov, moved from the White Russia ( Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) ) to the Leningrad.They had established themselves in Vasilyevsky Island (/wiki/Vasilyevsky_Island) , and later in Griboyedov Canal (/wiki/Griboyedov_Canal) in the house which belonged to the Russian Museum (/wiki/Russian_Museum) , where her father began his carrier as one of the Curators. There she passed her childhood and attend the school. Her family lost many of their relatives during the World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . Yelena is a survivor of the siege of Leningrad (/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad) by German army. In 1979, Yelena immigrated to the United States where in 2019 she was awarded US patent for the invention of the half-corset. She is presently resides in Jersey City, New Jersey (/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey) Biography [ edit ] Early years [ edit ] Family life and education [ edit ] In 1945, after the end of WWII, Yelena had married Moisei Olshansky, a young officer, of the Air force. At the time his regiment was stationed in Poland for two years. in 1947, was born her first child actor-clown and author [3] (#cite_note-3) Vladimir Olshansky [4] (#cite_note-4) was born. In 1952 after the birth of her second son Yury Olshansky, award winning actor [5] (#cite_note-5) and author [6] (#cite_note-6) . By this time her husband, already a Colonel, was transferred to Baku, (Azerbaijan) [7] (#cite_note-7) where he became an inspector of the antimissile defence system of the region of Caucasus. In Baku Yelena finished the Musical College, graduated as the Choir conductor and the teacher of a music history. In 1963 she divorced and returned to Leningrad. She started to work as the music and musical theory teacher at the Pushkin's [8] (#cite_note-8) [ circular reference ] musical school. Participation in Leningrad’s non-conformist artist movement [ edit ] Later on she begun to actively participate in the non-conformist artists movement [9] (#cite_note-9) and organised one of the Leningrad’s non-conformist exhibition in her apartment on the Halturina street 19 [10] (#cite_note-10) . Yelena befriended many artists, like Anatoly Maslov, Viktor Volodin, Nikolaj Lyubushkin who had participated in the exhibition, poet and critic Konstantin Kuzminsky, [11] (#cite_note-11) Valerij Valran [12] (#cite_note-12) , etc). Among the invited visitors, there are have been foreign diplomats who served in Leningrad. Particularly, Yelena befriended the General US Consul Mr.Thompson R. Buchanan [13] (#cite_note-13) and his wife Nancy, French Cultural Attaché Mr. Mark Finaud [14] (#cite_note-14) . During the exhibition Yelena’s apartment have been under the constant surveillance of the KGB [15] (#cite_note-15) Eventually Yelena became a prominent supporter of the non-conformist movement, which opposed official Soviet art. Immigration to the US [ edit ] In 1979, she immigrated to the United States and had to abundant her musical profession. She entered New York Financial Institute, and after the graduation become a book-keeper, at Lord and Taylor Department Store [16] (#cite_note-16) at the department of bill’s processing. She worked there for fifteen years, before to go on pension. US patent [ edit ] In 2019 Yelena was awarded a US patent (/wiki/US_patent) [17] (#cite_note-17) for the invention of the Half Corset (shape-ware). Presently Yelena lives in Jersey City, NJ. US. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://patentswarm.com/patents/US10433592B2 (https://patentswarm.com/patents/US10433592B2) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "94-Year-Old Holocaust Survivor Gets Her Smile Back | RSDM News" (https://sdm.blogs.rutgers.edu/2022/10/94-year-old-holocaust-survivor-gets-her-smile-back/) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) The Search for Identity: The Pocket Book for Actor-Clowns and Healthcare Clowns . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Vladimir Olshansky" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Olshansky&oldid=1146405484) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Whiter Than Snow" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16405300/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_2_nm_0_q_Whiter%2520than%2520snow%2520Spyros%2520Vrettos) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/Yury (https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/Yury) Olshansky ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Baku" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baku&oldid=1146015220) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Pushkin, Saint Petersburg" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushkin,_Saint_Petersburg) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) ^ "(PDF) " The Non-Conformist Painters of Leningrad and the French Consulate-General 1977-1979"" ^ (#cite_ref-10) 38 [Б-2] – 1960-70-е. Дом Ольшанских, ул. Халтурина, 19. https://www.livelib.ru/book/1000178797/about-leningradskij-andegraund-zhivopis-fotografiya-rokmuzyka-valerij-valran (https://www.livelib.ru/book/1000178797/about-leningradskij-andegraund-zhivopis-fotografiya-rokmuzyka-valerij-valran) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Konstantyn K. Kuzminsky" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konstantyn_K._Kuzminsky&oldid=1145614115) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) https://www.amazon.ca/-/fr/Valeriy-Valran/dp/587991061X (https://www.amazon.ca/-/fr/Valeriy-Valran/dp/587991061X) ^ (#cite_ref-13) ^ https://www.adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Buchanan,%20Thompson%20R.toc.pdf (https://www.adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Buchanan,%20Thompson%20R.toc.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-14) ^ "Marc FINAUD | Senior Advisor | MA in International Law, MA in Political Science | Emerging Security Challenges Programme | Research profile". ^ (#cite_ref-15) "KGB" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KGB&oldid=1146234392) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Lord & Taylor" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_%26_Taylor&oldid=1140307095) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "United States patent law" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_patent_law&oldid=1134943869) . 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1998 British fashion collection Excerpt of the finale from the runway show of Joan Joan (Autumn/Winter 1998) was the twelfth collection by British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . Continuing McQueen's dual fascination with religion and violence, it was inspired by imagery of persecution, most significantly the 1431 martyrdom (/wiki/Martyrdom) of French Catholic saint Joan of Arc (/wiki/Joan_of_Arc) , who was burned at the stake. The collection's palette was mainly red, black, and silver, colors which evoked notions of warfare, death, blood, and flames. Many looks referenced ecclesiastical garments (/wiki/Ecclesiastical_dress) and medieval armour (/wiki/Medieval_armour) , including several items that mimicked chainmail (/wiki/Chain_mail) and one ensemble that had actual silver-plated armour pieces. The runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) was staged on 25 February 1998 at Gatliff Road Warehouse in London. Several celebrities attended, including actress Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) and model Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) . Production was handled by McQueen's usual creative team. The set design (/wiki/Scenic_design) for Joan was sparse and industrial (/wiki/Industrial_style) : a dark room lit by metal lamps hung over the runway. The 100-foot (30 m) runway was covered in black ashes, and models entered through a black backdrop backlit in red. 91 looks were presented, including both mens and womenswear. The show concluded with model Erin O'Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%27Connor) swaying in a circle of flames, wearing a red beaded dress which covered her face. Critical response to the clothing and the runway show for Joan was positive, and it is regarded as one of McQueen's most memorable shows. Academic analysis has focused on interpretation of the styling, the finale, and the meaning of several garments printed with a photograph of children. Several items from Joan have appeared in museum exhibitions, including Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) and Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Alexander_McQueen:_Mind,_Mythos,_Muse&action=edit&redlink=1) . Background [ edit ] Every six months you do a show and get publicity and sell perfume. But it's between those six months when there [aren't] those shows that it deteriorates. No one in the fashion press or the buyers actually see the trauma you go through to get things done. Alexander McQueen, 2002, interview with Lauren Goldstein Crowe [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2010xiii,_177-1) British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known throughout his nearly twenty-year career for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14-2) [3] (#cite_note-:17-3) [4] (#cite_note-:18-4) The son of a London taxicab driver (/wiki/Taxicab_driver) and a teacher, he grew up in one of the poorer neighborhoods in London's East End (/wiki/East_End_of_London) before joining the fashion industry via a Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) apprenticeship. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201564-5) Particularly in his early career, journalists often framed McQueen as something of a working-class (/wiki/Working_class) trespasser in an industry that was seen as upper-class, which he found frustrating. [10] (#cite_note-10) His fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) were theatrical to the point of verging on performance art (/wiki/Performance_art) . [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201210-11) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201613-12) In Untitled (Spring/Summer 1998), the show preceding Joan , McQueen had his models walk down a runway flooded with water. [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) Although he primarily designed womenswear, he had featured some menswear in previous collections including The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Spring/Summer 1996) and Dante (Autumn/Winter 1996). [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-14) [15] (#cite_note-:3-15) McQueen's personal fixations and interests were a throughline in his career, and he returned to certain ideas and visual motifs repeatedly, especially death and sexuality. [16] (#cite_note-:0-16) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) His collections were strongly historicist (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) , referencing and reworking historical narratives and concepts. [16] (#cite_note-:0-16) Beginning with his graduation collection, Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (1992), McQueen appropriated photographs and integrated them into his work. He did so again in Dante , a collection that explored religious motivations for warfare. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2015289-18) McQueen continued to explore religion until his final collection, Angels & Demons (/w/index.php?title=Angels_%26_Demons_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1) (Autumn/Winter 2010). [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2018274-20) He played with notions of clothing as armour and vice versa, creating high fashion cuirasses (/wiki/Cuirass) sculpted for the female torso. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201255-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) From 1996 to October 2001, McQueen was also – in addition to his responsibilities for his own label – head designer at French fashion house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) . [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox2015327-23) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015255-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) His time at Givenchy was fraught, primarily because of creative differences between him and the label; his early collections there were poorly received. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014164,_168,_187-27) McQueen resorted to smoking and drug use to deal with the pressure he felt to satisfy Givenchy management and the fashion press. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014164,_168,_187-27) He became overbearing and temperamental towards those around him, causing his friend Simon Costin to resign before the release of Joan . [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015214–215-28) Concept and collection [ edit ] Jeanne d'Arc (/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)) , 1874 sculpture of Joan of Arc, Emmanuel Frémiet (/wiki/Emmanuel_Fr%C3%A9miet) " Daguerreotype (/wiki/Daguerreotype) of three girls", Carl Gustav Oehme, 1845 Agnès Sorel (/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel) as Madonna Lactans , painted by Jean Fouquet (/wiki/Jean_Fouquet) , 1452 McQueen family (/wiki/Clan_Macqueen) tartan [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungMartin2017198-30) Inspiration [ edit ] Joan (Autumn/Winter 1998) was the twelfth collection by McQueen for his eponymous fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) . It was inspired by imagery of historical persecution, most significantly the 1431 martyrdom (/wiki/Martyrdom) of French Catholic saint Joan of Arc (/wiki/Joan_of_Arc) , who was burned at the stake. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202371,_74-32) During his time working at Givenchy in Paris, McQueen frequently passed by a gilded statue of Joan (/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)) on the Rue de Rivoli (/wiki/Rue_de_Rivoli) in Paris and became intrigued by her story. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014b0:44–0:50-33) Curator Claire Wilcox (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) suggested that Joan's androgyny (/wiki/Androgyny) and martyrdom (/wiki/Martyrdom) "appealed to his sense of drama". [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) McQueen was also inspired by a 1452 painting of French royal mistress Agnès Sorel (/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel) , which he used in altered form for the show's invitation. The painting depicts Sorel with pale skin and the artificially-plucked high hairline popular in the medieval era (/wiki/Medieval_era) , a look that was echoed in the models' hairstyling in the runway show. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015214–215-28) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman201881-35) Curator Kate Bethune suggested the hairstyles may also have been inspired by the look of the children in the horror film Village of the Damned (1960). [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) Author Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) pointed out that both Joan of Arc and Sorel died in service to Charles VII of France (/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France) . [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015217-36) To a lesser extent, McQueen drew on the 1567 beheading of Mary, Queen of Scots (/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots) . [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202371,_74-32) The red, black, and yellow McQueen clan (/wiki/Clan_Macqueen) tartan, which McQueen had first used in the controversial Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (Autumn/Winter 1995), made an appearance, subtly referencing the history of Scotland (/wiki/History_of_Scotland) . [37] (#cite_note-Faiers-Tartan-37) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201628-38) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) Some jackets in the collection were printed with a black and white historical photograph of children, using the same process that was employed for photo-printing in Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) . [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) Many critics have suggested that these are images of children from the Russian imperial family, the Romanovs (/wiki/House_of_Romanov) , and there is a widespread belief that the collection is drawing upon the killing of the family in 1918 (/wiki/Murder_of_the_Romanov_family) as inspiration. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202371,_74-32) The jackets actually feature an 1845 daguerreotype (/wiki/Daguerreotype) of three unnamed girls by German photographer Carl Gustav Oehme. [a] (#cite_note-Romanov-43) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202244-44) [44] (#cite_note-45) Grace Bradbury's contemporary review correctly identifies them as "Victorian children", as does journalist Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) in her 2015 book Gods and Kings (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) . [41] (#cite_note-Bradberry-41) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) Collection [ edit ] The collection's palette was mainly red, black, and silver, colors which evoked notions of warfare, death, blood, and flames. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148–149-46) Materials with strong textures featured heavily, including raffia cloth (/wiki/Raffia_cloth) , leather (/wiki/Leather) , snakeskin (/wiki/Snakeskin) , denim (/wiki/Denim) , sequins (/wiki/Sequin) , and beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012149-47) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) McQueen's signature tailoring appeared in the form of frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) and other jackets. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) There were design elements taken from medieval ecclesiastical dress (/wiki/Ecclesiastical_dress) including dresses like monastic cowls (/wiki/Cowl) and long, cassock (/wiki/Cassock) -like coats that buttoned all down the front. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) Author Judith Watt felt that "boned, high-neck chiffon blouses [...] and slim maxi skirts" were references to the Edwardian era (/wiki/Edwardian_era) . [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) The clothing visually armour of the medieval era (/wiki/Medieval_armor) in several ways, with dresses rendered in moulded leather or in lightweight metal mesh resembling chainmail (/wiki/Chain_mail) armour. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012149-47) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) More literally, silversmith Sarah Harmarnee, who had previously contributed accessories to It's a Jungle Out There (Autumn/Winter 1997), created silver-plated armour pieces for the collection. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011234-48) [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2015203-49) Look 8 featured a model wearing armour that covered her head, shoulders, arms, and hands. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201256-50) [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) Bethune felt it was a reference to Joan of Arc armoured for battle and possibly a nod to the 1995 Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) design " Robot couture (/wiki/Robot_couture) ". [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) Runway show [ edit ] Production details [ edit ] Sequined jacket with printed image of Victorian era children; presented at Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse (2023) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202244-44) The runway show for Joan was staged on 25 February 1998 at the Gatliff Road Warehouse in London; it was McQueen's second time presenting there. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016340-51) It was the final collection for London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) that season. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) According to Katy England, McQueen's assistant, McQueen and his team had intended to produce a much simpler show following the complicated aquatic set for Untitled . However, McQueen "got a bit carried away" and the show "turned into another huge production". [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014b2:02–2:20-52) The theatrical effects were not cheap. McQueen later said "It was fucking the most expensive show I ever did", although he was not dissatisfied with the result, adding: "It's kind of good". [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) Gainsbury & Whiting managed production, and England dealt with overall styling. [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox2016340-51) Hair for female models was styled by Guido Palau (/wiki/Guido_Palau) ; Mira Chai Hyde handled male models. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) Val Garland (/wiki/Val_Garland) was responsible for makeup. [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-53) McQueen had worked with Garland before, but it was Palau's first McQueen show. [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015125-54) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) The show was dedicated to model Annabelle Neilson (/wiki/Annabelle_Neilson) , a friend and muse of McQueen. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [54] (#cite_note-55) Well-known attendees included actress Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) ; models Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) and Shakira Caine (/wiki/Shakira_Caine) ; Keith Flint (/wiki/Keith_Flint) of music group The Prodigy (/wiki/The_Prodigy) ; Meg Mathews, then-wife of musician Noel Gallagher (/wiki/Noel_Gallagher) ; and Pauline Prescott, wife of then-Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott (/wiki/John_Prescott) . [55] (#cite_note-56) [56] (#cite_note-:12-57) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) McQueen famously banned several media outlets, including The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) and GMTV (/wiki/GMTV) , from attending the runway show for Joan , purportedly because they played to "the wrong sort of audience". [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015214-58) Irate, Sun columnist Jane Moore (/wiki/Jane_Moore) accused McQueen of rank hypocrisy, pointing out his working-class origins and complaining that he was "so far up his own bottom, I’m surprised he can still see daylight". [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015214-58) [58] (#cite_note-59) Staff from The Dallas Morning News (/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News) were turned away at the door by McQueen's public relations personnel due to lack of seats. [59] (#cite_note-60) Other fashion journalists also complained of poor treatment. Anna Harvey (/wiki/Anna_Harvey) , deputy editor of British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , and Alexandra Shulman (/wiki/Alexandra_Shulman) , editor of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , felt the show was a "complete disgrace" in this respect. [60] (#cite_note-:13-61) Hilary Alexander (/wiki/Hilary_Alexander) agreed, calling the show the " nadir (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nadir) " of Fashion Week. She was upset that guests were expected to enter the show via a "small entrance in pitch darkness", and that following the show, bouncers (/wiki/Bouncer) refused to let photographers exit the venue for unexplained reasons. She criticized the "bizarre little episode", but felt she should not have been surprised given McQueen's treatment of GMTV. [60] (#cite_note-:13-61) Catwalk presentation [ edit ] Look 42 from Joan as presented at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) (2011) The set design (/wiki/Scenic_design) for Joan was sparse and industrial (/wiki/Industrial_style) : a dark room lit by metal lamps hung over the runway as well as by smaller lights in the floor. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) The 100-foot (30 m) runway was covered in black ashes, and models entered through a black backdrop backlit in red. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) The sound of fire crackling and burning played over the start of the show, then transitioned into a selection of disco tracks. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) [61] (#cite_note-:9-62) Styling for all models, male and female, was deliberately androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) in a reference to Joan of Arc's crossdressing. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012149-47) Hair for women was styled in one of two modes. Some models wore blond wigs left loose, sometimes with artificially high hairlines in the medieval style. Others wore bald caps, which were styled partially or fully bald, with or without thin coiled braids. [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-53) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201024-63) Models wore thick white face make-up that concealed their eyebrows, red contact lenses (/wiki/Contact_lens) , and red mascara (/wiki/Mascara) . [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-53) [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014188-64) Wilcox called the styling "half medieval, half futuristic", while Wilson quoted Garland as calling it "Joan of Arc kidnapped by aliens". [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015217-36) Ninety-one looks were presented, including both mens and womenswear. [b] (#cite_note-68) [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014188-64) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148-17) The show opened with looks primarily in grey and black, with muted burgundy notes. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012149-47) Red began to appear more brightly, and more frequently, as the show progressed; most of the final set of looks were monochromatic (/wiki/Monochrome) red. [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012147-69) Look 78, one of the last in the show, featured a red lace long-sleeved mini dress with a long train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) ; the fabric covered the model's entire face. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) Debra Shaw appeared in Look 81, a hooded dress of red snakeskin. [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012147-69) For the finale, Erin O'Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%27Connor) represented Joan of Arc, wearing a red beaded dress which covered her face. [68] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014b2:40–2:50-70) She walked to the end of the darkened runway, where a circle of flames came up around her feet and she swayed within them, holding her arms out, until the fire went out and the lights dimmed. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) Following this, McQueen took his bow alongside stylist Katy England, while the Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) song " Remember Me (/wiki/Remember_Me_(Diana_Ross_song)) " played. His close-cropped hair was bleached white-blond, and like the models, he wore red contacts. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201256-50) [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb2022235-71) Reception [ edit ] Reception to Joan was positive. Summarizing the critical consensus in retrospect, journalist Maureen Callahan (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) reported that the show received a "rapturous reception". [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014188-64) Avril Groom at The Scotsman called it the best show of that season's London Fashion Week. [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) She credited the polish to McQueen's time at Givenchy, as did Jane de Teliga of the Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) [71] (#cite_note-JdT2-73) John Hoerner, chairman of the British Fashion Council, and Hilary Alexander of The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) each wrote that it was McQueen's best work to date. [72] (#cite_note-74) [73] (#cite_note-:8-75) Alexander added that the collection "fairly scorched down the runway". [73] (#cite_note-:8-75) Author Katherine Gleason wrote that "many in the press see signs of a new maturity": reviewers who remarked in this vein included Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) , Robert O'Byrne, and Avril Groom. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201256-50) [77] (#cite_note-79) Reviewers were broadly positive about the designs from Joan . The tailored pieces drew particular attention as a showcase for McQueen's skills. [79] (#cite_note-81) John Davidson of The Herald (/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)) wrote that the theme of Joan and her androgyny "allowed McQueen to express his brilliance as a tailor". [61] (#cite_note-:9-62) Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) , writing in the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) , felt that the collection had "given a fresh angle" to McQueen's signature items. [74] (#cite_note-:14-76) Constance C. R. White at The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) highlighted one particular "bare-back dress [...] high on the neck in the front and scooped down over the shoulders, baring the model's back between two flanges of fabric that stood out like delicate bird's wings". [78] (#cite_note-:5-80) Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) , for The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , felt that items in "black denim with red top stitching (/wiki/Topstitch) " were "clever" and would be replicated by other clothing brands. [80] (#cite_note-:7-82) Grace Bradberry of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) thought the garments printed with the photographs of children were among the highlights of the collection. [41] (#cite_note-Bradberry-41) Menkes felt the photo-printed items were "less assured". [74] (#cite_note-:14-76) Critics generally felt that McQueen had successfully balanced the medieval references so that they were noticeable but not overexaggerated. [61] (#cite_note-:9-62) [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) [80] (#cite_note-:7-82) Groom appreciated that the clothing remained modern rather than looking like a costume. [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) Frankel felt similarly, writing that the clothes were "challenging but never too gimmicky". [80] (#cite_note-:7-82) Several reviewers noted the chain mail dresses as a point of interest. [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) [81] (#cite_note-:4-83) [78] (#cite_note-:5-80) White was impressed by McQueen's ability to create a "celebratory collection" using Joan of Arc's tragic story as inspiration. [78] (#cite_note-:5-80) On the other hand, Robert O'Byrne at The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) was critical of what he saw as McQueen's attempt to demonstrate his "intellectual credentials", dismissing the theme as "little more than intermittent and inexplicable references to Joan of Arc". [75] (#cite_note-:15-77) McQueen's designs were notorious for being harsh and unwearable (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unwearable) . [82] (#cite_note-84) [83] (#cite_note-85) Reviewers found this collection much more commercial, largely regarded as a positive step for McQueen. [56] (#cite_note-:12-57) [84] (#cite_note-:11-86) De Teliga wrote that the designs had "huge commercial potential", while Claudia Croft complimented the clothing for being wearable. [56] (#cite_note-:12-57) [84] (#cite_note-:11-86) The staff writer at Women's Wear Daily (WWD) described the clothing as unusually romantic for McQueen, while Davidson noted the surprising presence of "more delicate pieces". [61] (#cite_note-:9-62) [81] (#cite_note-:4-83) Although they enjoyed the collection in general, the WWD reviewer criticised the harem pants (/wiki/Harem_pants) and corsets (/wiki/Corset) as unrealistic for the average consumer. [81] (#cite_note-:4-83) Some journalists had expected a runway show full of McQueen's usual gruesome flourishes, based on the theme, the invitation, and the set dressing; they were surprised to find that it was not especially macabre. [86] (#cite_note-88) Multiple critics considered the flaming finale to be a properly theatrical end for Fashion Week. [80] (#cite_note-:7-82) [41] (#cite_note-Bradberry-41) [73] (#cite_note-:8-75) Bradberry felt it might "sum up the whole late 1990s London thing 10 years from now". [85] (#cite_note-:10-87) Several remarked upon the contrast of elements (/wiki/Classical_element) between the watery runway of Untitled (/w/index.php?title=Untitled_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1) and the fire used for Joan . [87] (#cite_note-89) The staff writer from WWD thought that the Joan finale lacked the impact of the rainstorm that finished Untitled , but considered the collection stronger. [81] (#cite_note-:4-83) In retrospect, the collection is well-regarded. Callahan considered the collection an expression of McQueen's "ongoing martyr complex", and wrote that "the more he abused himself, the better his work became". [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014188-64) Writer Chloe Fox called the finale "spectacular". [88] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201253-90) Judith Watt felt that it was the end of the press dismissing McQueen as a low-class intruder into the high-class fashion scene, and considered the collection a demonstration of McQueen's "informed mind". [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012147-69) In Gods and Kings , Dana Thomas was effusive about the collection, calling the clothing "handsome, sensual, and absolutely wearable" despite the "dark and somewhat frightening" theatrics of the runway show. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015271-40) Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) magazine called it one of McQueen's "most visually arresting shows in terms of its beauty looks". [15] (#cite_note-:3-15) Analysis [ edit ] McQueen was long fascinated by the conjunction of religion and female suffering. Theorist Mélissa Diaby Savané cited Joan as an example of how McQueen channeled his interest in religious suffering through a Romantic (/wiki/Romanticism) lens that led him to turn prosaic fashion shows into performance art. [89] (#cite_note-:1-91) Dress historian (/wiki/Dress_history) Edwina Ehrman compared Joan to McQueen's Autumn/Winter 1999 collection for Givenchy, the latter of which was inspired by the 1833 painting The Execution of Lady Jane Grey . Both collections "explore female martyrdom". [90] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2015107-92) In a 2023 essay about the enduring influence Joan of Arc has had in fashion, writer Rosalind Jana identified Joan as the industry's "best and most unsettling interpretation of the saint", owing to McQueen's admiration for her conviction and martyrdom and the bleakness with which he presented his image of her. [91] (#cite_note-93) The styling for the runway show has drawn critical attention for its juxtaposition of aggression and femininity, in the use of armour as well as in the styling of the models. One contemporary review called the chainmail items "an original play on the overworked theme". [85] (#cite_note-:10-87) Curator Clare Phillips called the armour pieces "a dignified evocation of female power". [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2015203-49) Some writers have likened the models to "satanic serpents". [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox201024-63) [88] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201253-90) In an essay about McQueen's use of make-up to subvert expectations of femininity, fashion theorist Janice Miller wrote that the look created a "cloned army of female warriors", making an "unforgiving, but striking, statement about feminine identity". She felt that it displayed McQueen's interest in the "inner lives" of women. [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2015235-53) Writing separately, Bethune concurred, arguing that the models "appeared aggressive and untouchable", and that their strength and sexuality "served as a counterpoint to the murder of innocents". [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) Fashion historian Ingrid Loschek felt that the styling used "eroticism as a symbol of power", representing Joan as a soldier in an armoured minidress or "or as a Greek warrior with half-bared breast". [92] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoschek200981-94) Savané suggested that the androgynous styling and use of armour exemplified McQueen's "ideal kind of woman", who is both "strong and threatening, vulnerable yet aggressive". [89] (#cite_note-:1-91) Much of the scholarly analysis of the collection rests on the incorrect assumption that the photos printed on several of the garments were of the Romanov children (/wiki/Romanov_family) . [a] (#cite_note-Romanov-43) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202244-44) [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015154-95) Keith Lodwick, for example, asserted that the prints feature Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanov (/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia) , who he calls a "revolutionary influence". Lodwick drew a line from these items to military-inspired jackets from The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (Autumn/Winter 2008), arguing that the latter were inspired by the "revolutionary atmosphere of Les Misérables (/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)) ". [94] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodwick2015248-96) Susannah Brown, analysing the influence photography had on McQueen, suggested he often selected photographs that would be provocative or "prove a political point" and cited the images of the putative Romanov children as one example. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2015289-18) Sociologist Henrique Grimaldi Figueredo wrote that the collection includes "the reproduction of the murder photographs of the [Romanov] children" as an example of the kind of "fantastic trauma" McQueen explores. [95] (#cite_note-:2-97) Finale [ edit ] The finale has also drawn extensive commentary. Bethune believed the finale may have been partly inspired by a Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) photograph from a series called In Memory of the Late Mr and Mrs Comfort , published in The New Yorker in November 1995. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) One image in the series depicts a woman in red, her face covered, surrounded by fire. [96] (#cite_note-98) Fashion theorist Caroline Evans argued that the increasingly-theatrical fashion shows of the late 1990s served as " phantasmagoria (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phantasmagoria) ": dramatic displays that existed to conceal the underlying "working mechanisms of capitalist production". She cited the flaming finale of Joan as an example. [97] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200389–90-99) In an analysis of McQueen's Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fiction) leanings, Catherine Spooner pinpointed the "revenant past" as "the defining feature of the Gothic" and argued that McQueen "constructs the past as Gothic trauma" through his designs. [98] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151,_154-100) She identified Joan and Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) as containing depictions of "historic trauma" via the "screen-printed photographs of the murdered Romanov children and of the Vietnam War" that appeared in these respective collections. [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015154-95) Spooner further considered the finale of Joan to be a Gothic reference to two different "persecuted teenager[s] with supernatural powers": the flaming circle explicitly references the burning of Joan of Arc, and less obviously, the beaded red dress resembled the blood-covered prom dress from the pivotal scene of the film Carrie (/wiki/Carrie_(1976_film)) (1976). [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015154-95) The ambiguous meaning of the finale has been the subject of much debate. For Spooner, it is unclear whether the woman from the Joan finale is "achieving heavenly transcendence or undergoing a demonic resurrection". [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpooner2015154-95) Bethune, too, saw the finale as evidence of violence: for her, the red dress represented "flayed flesh", and the dangling beads, "dripping blood". [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) Although Wilcox felt the finale reflected the cruelty of Joan's death, she felt the visual hinted at "her resurrection as martyr" and her sainthood. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) Andrew Wilson felt the woman in the finale represented the "McQueen everywoman: resilient, strong, a survivor of unknown horrors". [99] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015217–218-101) Grimaldi Figueredo argued that the finale of Joan incorporated both sacred and profane imagery, and cites it as an example of the aesthetic of abjection (/wiki/Abjection) in McQueen's work. [95] (#cite_note-:2-97) Legacy [ edit ] Joan. Deep inside of me I have no regrets of the way I portray myself to the General Public. I will face fear head on if necessary, but will run from a fight if persuaded. The fire in my soul is for the love of one Man, but I do not forget my women whom I adore as they burn daily from Cheshire to Gloucester. Alexander McQueen, April 1998, handwritten letter printed in The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) [100] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012150-102) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) photographed McQueen in hair and make-up similar to that used in this show for the April 1998 issue of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) magazine. The photos were accompanied by a handwritten letter from McQueen explaining the imagery and addressed to Joan of Arc. [101] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148–150-103) [c] (#cite_note-104) Tim Walker (/wiki/Tim_Walker) photographed two looks from the collection for British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) , including a dress in the red McQueen tartan. [102] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201210,_159-105) American singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) wore the red lace dress from Look 78 to the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , adding a tall crown of matching lace to the look. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer202374-39) Several items from Joan appeared in the retrospective exhibit Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty : the armour from Look 8, the black jacket from Look 42, and the red beaded dress from Look 82, the finale. [103] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011232,_234-106) A sequined jacket with a black and white printed image of Victorian era children from Joan appeared in the 2022 exhibition Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Alexander_McQueen:_Mind,_Mythos,_Muse&action=edit&redlink=1) . [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsguerraHansen202244-44) Notes [ edit ] ^ a b It is unclear whether this misconception is McQueen's error, propagated through his show notes, or an erroneous assumption made by later critics. At least one contemporary newspaper review uses the phrase "Victorian children". [41] (#cite_note-Bradberry-41) The earliest mention of Romanovs in connection with Joan located is the 2003 book Fashion at the Edge , in which theorist Caroline Evans states the children are the Romanovs, but does not specify if this is her own conclusion or one she sourced from elsewhere. [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003IDK-42) Regardless of its origin, much of the scholarly analysis of the collection rests on this incorrect assumption. ^ (#cite_ref-68) For convenience, when referring to individual looks, this article uses the numbering from the Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) retrospective of the collection. Their overview only counts 82 looks, omitting 9 of the 91 looks for unknown reasons. [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014188-64) The following looks were omitted from Vogue : a grey women's suit following Look 4; a grey men's suit following Look 10; a grey men's suit and turtleneck following Look 25; black men's suits following Looks 41, 46, and 58; a men's black leather coat with red tartan shirt following Look 60; a men's black jacket following Look 72; and a men's beaded red sweater following Look 81. [64] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a1:57,_3:29,_7:31,_11:50,_15:56,_16:52,_20:28,_23:31-65) Vogue uses the same image for Looks 20 and 28; the image is correct for the latter. [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) [65] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a5:44,_8:14-66) The Style.com video omits Look 46 and the men's suit that follows it, cutting directly from Look 45 to 47. [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a12:48–12:54-67) Look numbers mentioned in this article have not been adjusted. ^ (#cite_ref-104) Although the magazine came out after the show, the photoshoot was completed well beforehand. [101] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt2012148–150-103) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowe2010xiii,_177_1-0) Crowe 2010 (#CITEREFCrowe2010) , pp. xiii, 177. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel201113–14_2-0) Frankel 2011 (#CITEREFFrankel2011) , pp. 13–14. ^ (#cite_ref-:17_3-0) "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:18_4-0) Mora, Juliana Luna; Berry, Jess (2 September 2022). "Creative Direction Succession in Luxury Fashion: The Illusion of Immortality at Chanel and Alexander McQueen" (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . Luxury . 9 (2–3): 126, 128, 132. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . 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Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 3 October 2015 . Retrieved 4 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307_14-0) Bethune 2015 (#CITEREFBethune2015) , p. 307. ^ a b Stansfield, Ted (30 October 2015). "Alexander McQueen's most dark and twisted moments" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/27210/1/alexander-mcqueen-s-most-dark-and-twisted-moments) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Retrieved 2 May 2024 . ^ a b "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210317231608/https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) from the original on 17 March 2021 . Retrieved 17 January 2023 . ^ a b c d e f g Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 148. ^ a b Brown 2015 (#CITEREFBrown2015) , p. 289. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Ahmed, Osman (4 May 2018). 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ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 332436548 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/332436548) . ^ a b Knox 2010 (#CITEREFKnox2010) , p. 24. ^ a b c d e Callahan 2014 (#CITEREFCallahan2014) , p. 188. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a1:57,_3:29,_7:31,_11:50,_15:56,_16:52,_20:28,_23:31_65-0) Style.com 2014a (#CITEREFStyle.com2014a) , 1:57, 3:29, 7:31, 11:50, 15:56, 16:52, 20:28, 23:31. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a5:44,_8:14_66-0) Style.com 2014a (#CITEREFStyle.com2014a) , 5:44, 8:14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014a12:48–12:54_67-0) Style.com 2014a (#CITEREFStyle.com2014a) , 12:48–12:54. ^ a b c Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 147. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStyle.com2014b2:40–2:50_70-0) Style.com 2014b (#CITEREFStyle.com2014b) , 2:40–2:50. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb2022235_71-0) Webb 2022 (#CITEREFWebb2022) , p. 235. ^ a b c d e f Groom, Avril (27 February 1998). "McQueen's fire burns along the London catwalk" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A82916054/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b007913f) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Retrieved 10 July 2024 . ^ a b c de Teliga, Jane (3 March 1998). "The empire strikes back" (https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/empire-strikes-back-collections/docview/363405063/se-2?accountid=196403) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . p. 10 . Retrieved 21 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) Hoerner, John (1 March 1998). "5 Days in the life of ... John Hoerner" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/312685419) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . p. 23. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 312685419 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/312685419) . Retrieved 11 July 2024 . ^ a b c d Alexander, Hilary (/wiki/Hilary_Alexander) (26 February 1998). "McQueen goes to hell and back" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-mcqueen-goes-to-hell/149399209/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . p. 7 . Retrieved 10 July 2024 . ^ a b c d Menkes, Suzy (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) (3 March 1998). "London adds substance to spectacle" (https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/london-adds-substance-spectacle/docview/319150351/se-2?accountid=196403) . International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) . p. 7 . Retrieved 18 July 2024 . ^ a b c O'Byrne, Robert (2 March 1998). "Growing pains in London" (https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/growing-pains-london-sublime-bland-always-looking/docview/310396683/se-2?accountid=196403) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . p. 9 . Retrieved 18 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) Groom, Avril (3 March 1998). "Chill sets in over Cool Britannia" (https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/chill-sets-over-cool-britannia/docview/326676056/se-2?accountid=196403) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . p. 14 . Retrieved 18 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-79) [74] (#cite_note-:14-76) [75] (#cite_note-:15-77) [76] (#cite_note-78) ^ a b c d e White, Constance C. R. (3 March 1998). "Review/Fashion" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A150225526/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=ecadb4cd) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 5 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-81) [61] (#cite_note-:9-62) [78] (#cite_note-:5-80) [71] (#cite_note-JdT2-73) [74] (#cite_note-:14-76) [75] (#cite_note-:15-77) ^ a b c d Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) (26 February 1998). "London Fashion Week ends in a blaze of glory" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A76118391/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9f09e986) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 10 July 2024 . ^ a b c d "London: Pip, pip, hooray" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20361439/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6d58e014) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . 27 February 1998 . Retrieved 5 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-84) Muther, Christopher (1 August 2018). "Alexander McQueen: clothes that were shocking by design" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2018/08/01/alexander-mcqueen-clothes-that-were-shocking-design/Ja4Xq3JP4PhiRyOPWsdY4J/story.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230130175651/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2018/08/01/alexander-mcqueen-clothes-that-were-shocking-design/Ja4Xq3JP4PhiRyOPWsdY4J/story.html) from the original on 30 January 2023 . Retrieved 30 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-85) Bradshaw, Peter (6 June 2018). " (https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/06/mcqueen-review-alexander-mcqueen-fashion-tom-ford) McQueen review – meticulous portrait of fashion's master of audacity" (https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/06/mcqueen-review-alexander-mcqueen-fashion-tom-ford) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221126072825/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/06/mcqueen-review-alexander-mcqueen-fashion-tom-ford) from the original on 26 November 2022 . Retrieved 30 January 2023 . ^ a b c de Teliga, Jane (27 February 1998). "British fashion: in red and in the black" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/363418691) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . p. 5. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 363418691 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/363418691) . Retrieved 11 July 2024 . ^ a b c Bradberry, Grace (3 March 1998). "Cool from the catwalk: androgyny returns" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A101822691/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=35c11cc0) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Retrieved 11 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-88) [70] (#cite_note-:6-72) [78] (#cite_note-:5-80) [84] (#cite_note-:11-86) [85] (#cite_note-:10-87) ^ (#cite_ref-89) [13] (#cite_note-vogue-13) [73] (#cite_note-:8-75) [71] (#cite_note-JdT2-73) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015309-31) [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201666-34) ^ a b Fox 2012 (#CITEREFFox2012) , pp. 53. ^ a b Savané, Mélissa Diaby (20 June 2021). "The fantasy of ugliness in Alexander McQueen collections (1992–2009): How did literature and the visual arts inspire Alexander McQueen to merge sex and horror in his own art form?" (https://revistas.uminho.pt/index.php/2i/article/view/3157) . Revista 2i: Estudos de Identidade e Intermedialidade . 3 (3): 99–100. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.21814/2i.3157 (https://doi.org/10.21814%2F2i.3157) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2184-7010 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2184-7010) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231023041933/https://revistas.uminho.pt/index.php/2i/article/view/3157) from the original on 23 October 2023 . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2015107_92-0) Ehrman 2015 (#CITEREFEhrman2015) , p. 107. ^ (#cite_ref-93) Jana, Rosalind (12 July 2023). "Joan of Arc, the patron saint of high fashion" (https://artreview.com/joan-of-arc-the-patron-saint-of-high-fashion/) . ArtReview (/wiki/ArtReview) . Retrieved 15 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoschek200981_94-0) Loschek 2009 (#CITEREFLoschek2009) , p. 81. ^ a b c d Spooner 2015 (#CITEREFSpooner2015) , p. 154. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodwick2015248_96-0) Lodwick 2015 (#CITEREFLodwick2015) , p. 248. ^ a b Grimaldi Figueredo, Henrique (20 November 2020). "Performing the risk: four contemporary obituaries in Alexander McQueen" (https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/conce/article/view/8659720) . Conceição/Conception . 9 : 12. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.20396/conce.v9i00.8659720 (https://doi.org/10.20396%2Fconce.v9i00.8659720) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2317-5737 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2317-5737) . ^ (#cite_ref-98) " (https://www.avedonfoundation.org/new-page-55-1) The New Yorker , November 6, 1995" (https://www.avedonfoundation.org/new-page-55-1) . The Richard Avedon Foundation (/wiki/The_Richard_Avedon_Foundation) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200389–90_99-0) Evans 2003 (#CITEREFEvans2003) , pp. 89–90. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpooner2015151,_154_100-0) Spooner 2015 (#CITEREFSpooner2015) , pp. 151, 154. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2015217–218_101-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , pp. 217–218. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt2012150_102-0) Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , p. 150. ^ a b Watt 2012 (#CITEREFWatt2012) , pp. 148–150. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201210,_159_105-0) Fox 2012 (#CITEREFFox2012) , pp. 10, 159. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2011232,_234_106-0) Bolton 2011 (#CITEREFBolton2011) , pp. 232, 234. Bibliography [ edit ] Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) (2011). Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty . New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58839-412-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 687693871 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/687693871) . Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . Introduction. In Bolton (2011) (#CITEREFBolton2011) , pp. 17–27. Bolton, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) (2018). "III. Fashioning Devotion" (https://books.google.com/books?id=URBZDwAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+mcqueen+religion&pg=PA274) . Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination . Vol. II. New York City: Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58839-645-7 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230422232635/https://books.google.com/books?id=URBZDwAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+mcqueen+religion&pg=PA274) from the original on 22 April 2023 . Retrieved 5 April 2023 . Callahan, Maureen (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) (2014). Champagne Supernovas: Kate Moss, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, and the '90s Renegades Who Remade Fashion . New York City: Touchstone Books (/wiki/Touchstone_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-4053-3 . Crowe, Lauren Goldstein (2010). Isabella Blow: A Life in Fashion . New York City: Thomas Dunne Books (/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4299-8538-3 . Esguerra, Clarissa M.; Hansen, Michaela (2022). Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse . New York City: Delmonico Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-63681-018-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1289986708 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1289986708) . Evans, Caroline (2003). Fashion at the Edge: Spectacle, Modernity and Deathliness . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-10192-8 . Fairer, Robert (/wiki/Robert_Fairer) ; Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) (2016). Alexander McQueen: Unseen . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-22267-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 946216643 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946216643) . Fox, Chloe (2012). Vogue On: Alexander McQueen . Vogue on Designers. London: Quadrille Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1849491136 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 828766756 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828766756) . Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) (2001). Visionaries: Interviews With Fashion Designers . London: V&A Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8109-6589-8 . Friedman, John Block (2018). "Eyebrows, Hairlines, and 'Hairs Less in Sight': Female Depilation in Late Medieval Europe". In Netherton, Robin; Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (eds.). Medieval Clothing and Textiles . Vol. 14. Boydell & Brewer (/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer) . pp. 81–112. Gleason, Katherine (2012). Alexander McQueen: Evolution . New York City: Race Point Publishing (/wiki/Race_Point_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61058-837-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 783147416 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783147416) . Homer, Karen (2023). Little Book of Alexander McQueen: The Story of the Iconic Brand . London: Welbeck Publishing Group (/wiki/Welbeck_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-80279-270-6 . Knox, Kristin (2010). Alexander McQueen: Genius of a Generation . London: A&C Black (/wiki/A%26C_Black) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4081-3223-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 794296806 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794296806) . Loschek, Ingrid (2009). When Clothes Become Fashion: Design and Innovation Systems . Oxford: Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85785-144-4 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230105053333/https://books.google.com/books?id=8nqvAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22widows+of+culloden%22&pg=PA81) from the original on 5 January 2023 . Retrieved 28 December 2022 . Alexander McQueen Joan of Arc Collection Fall/Winter 1998 – #TBT w/Tim Blanks . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 4 June 2024 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Alexander McQueen Joan Collection Fall 1998 Full Runway Show – #TBT w/Tim Blanks . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 16 May 2024 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Thomas, Dana (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) (2015). Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York City: Penguin Publishing (/wiki/Penguin_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 951153602 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951153602) . Watt, Judith (2012). Alexander McQueen: The Life and the Legacy . New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Webb, Iain R. (/wiki/Iain_R._Webb) (2022). The Fashion Show: The Stories, Invites and Art of 300 Landmark Shows (2nd ed.). Welbeck (/wiki/Welbeck_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-80279-432-8 . Wilcox, Claire, ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Brown, Susanna. "Nightmares and Dreams". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 284–301. Ehrman, Edwina. "Givenchy". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 104–109. Lodwick, Keith. "Coup de Théâtre". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 247–251. Miller, Janice. "Making-Up". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 234–241. Phillips, Clare. "Armouring the Body". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 202–209. Spooner, Catherine. "A Gothic Mind". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 141–158. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1310585849 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310585849) . Young, Caroline; Martin, Ann (2017). Tartan + Tweed . London: Frances Lincoln Limited (/wiki/Frances_Lincoln_Limited) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7112-3822-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 947020251 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947020251) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joan (Alexander McQueen collection) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) . Alexander McQueen Joan of Arc Collection Fall/Winter 1998 - #TBT w/Tim Blanks on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐hqdzr Cached time: 20240721221507 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.169 seconds Real time usage: 1.285 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 12662/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 189892/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 19305/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 296092/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.721/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9820618/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1146.797 1 -total 30.94% 354.841 135 Template:Sfn 27.01% 309.803 2 Template:Reflist 9.79% 112.288 22 Template:Cite_news 9.67% 110.941 12 Template:Cite_web 8.46% 97.019 20 Template:Cite_book 6.96% 79.813 2 Template:Quote_box 6.70% 76.861 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 6.68% 76.618 2 Template:Navbox 4.22% 48.370 147 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76503097-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721221507 and revision id 1235919092. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&oldid=1235919092 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&oldid=1235919092) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British fashion (/wiki/Category:British_fashion) 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) February 1998 events in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:February_1998_events_in_the_United_Kingdom) Alexander McQueen collections (/wiki/Category:Alexander_McQueen_collections) Works about Joan of Arc (/wiki/Category:Works_about_Joan_of_Arc) Hidden categories: EngvarB from March 2024 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_March_2024) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Good articles (/wiki/Category:Good_articles) Use dmy dates from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2024) Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Footwear designed to automatically tighten when worn Self-Tying shoes Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)) franchise element A replica (/wiki/Replica) of the original Nike Mag (/wiki/Nike_Mag) shoes, 2011 Publisher Amblin Entertainment (/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment) First appearance Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) 1989 Created by Robert Zemeckis (/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis) Bob Gale (/wiki/Bob_Gale) Genre Science fiction (/wiki/Science_fiction) In-universe information Type Shoe Affiliation Marty McFly (/wiki/Marty_McFly) Emmett "Doc" Brown (/wiki/Emmett_%22Doc%22_Brown) Self-tying shoes (also known as self-lacing or power laces ) are designed to automatically tighten once the user puts them on. Such types of " smart shoes (/wiki/Smart_shoe) " were initially depicted in the 1989 science fiction (/wiki/Science_fiction) film Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) . Manufacturers [ edit ] Nike [ edit ] In April 2009, Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) filed a patent for self-lacing shoes, with a design that bears a resemblance to those worn by Marty in the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) , [1] (#cite_note-1) raising speculation among fans about a possible debut of self-lacing shoes. In 2014, Tinker Hatfield (/wiki/Tinker_Hatfield) , the designer of the original Nike shoes as depicted in Back to the Future Part II , indicated that they would introduce shoes with power-lacing technology the following year, 2015. [2] (#cite_note-2) Fewer than 100 pairs of Nike Mags (/wiki/Nike_Mag) with power-lacing capabilities were made and sold through an online draw starting October 4, 2016, with all proceeds going to the Michael J. Fox Foundation (/wiki/The_Michael_J._Fox_Foundation) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In March 2016, at a press event in New York, Nike unveiled its self-tying shoe to market, the HyperAdapt 1.0 (/wiki/HyperAdapt_1.0) , which was scheduled to hit store shelves in select Nike locations on November 28. The HyperAdapt does not have any real laces, but embedded actuators that, in tandem with pressure monitors, delicately conform the shoe's cushions to the foot's shape; once the user steps in, the heel will hit a sensor and the system will automatically tighten. The HyperAdapt also comes with two buttons on the side tighten and loose, so the user can adjust it to their preference. [4] (#cite_note-4) Nike CEO, Mark Parker, said comparing the self-lacing sneaker tech with self driving car (/wiki/Self_driving_car) tech is a "good analogy" in terms of mainstream appeal. [5] (#cite_note-5) The company introduced a basketball version of HyperAdapt shoes called Adapt BB in 2019. [6] (#cite_note-6) Nike then introduced a shoe in 2020 called Adapt Auto Max. Nike claims to have taken inspiration from the Nike Air Max 90s. Puma [ edit ] In November 2015, Puma (/wiki/Puma_SE) unveiled the Autodiscs, which features Puma's patented Disc closure system that uses a servo motor that powers a uniquely configured cable system designed to offer tunable support throughout the shoe. This prototype version features a micro USB cable to charge the on-board battery which powers the motor, but commercial version will have a charging plate included, so users won't have to worry about plugging the shoe to a power source. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Puma has made 50 pairs of the Autodisc, with many of them reserved to athletes like Usain Bolt (/wiki/Usain_Bolt) and Rickie Fowler (/wiki/Rickie_Fowler) . [9] (#cite_note-9) By 2019, Puma had developed micro-motors to adjust the fit of a shoe from an iPhone (/wiki/IPhone) known as Fi. [10] (#cite_note-10) Power Laces, LLC [ edit ] In 2010, Blake Bevin, a self-described "science geek", created a prototype of self-lacing shoes, inspired by Marty's Nike MAG; once the user steps in, a sensor records the pressure of the foot on the sole and activates two servo motors, which apply tension to the laces, thus tightening the shoe. A touch-activated switch reverses the servos and loosens the laces. [11] (#cite_note-11) Bevin posted DIY (/wiki/DIY) instructions on how to recreate the power laces technology on her website. [12] (#cite_note-12) Later, Bevin founded Power Laces, LLC started a Kickstarter project in order to fund the development of commercial version and successfully raised the pledged goal of $25,024. [13] (#cite_note-13) Powerlace [ edit ] Powerlace P-One shoes are able to lace up automatically based on the wearer's body weight. Once the shoes are on, the wearer presses their heel on the concealed disc linked to the laces by wires, and wearers can use a lever attached to the back of the shoe to release pressure and loosen the lace. In November 2014, the company started a kickstarter project to raise funds and sell the shoes. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Digitsole Smartshoe [ edit ] The Canadian company Digitsole, which already sells smart soles, has unveiled a prototype of a smart sneaker. It is a self-tightening, heating, and shock-absorbing shoe with a USB connector and can be monitored via Bluetooth with a smartphone. [16] (#cite_note-16) See also [ edit ] Nike Mag (/wiki/Nike_Mag) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "US2009042072 AUTOMATIC LACING SYSTEM" (http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/WO2009134858) . wipo.int . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Billington, James (February 17, 2014). "Nike is actually making Marty McFly's self-lacing shoes" (https://nypost.com/2014/02/17/nike-is-actually-making-marty-mcflys-self-lacing-shoes/) . New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . Retrieved February 17, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "How to Get the 2016 Nike Mag - Nike News" (https://news.nike.com/news/how-to-get-the-2016-nike-mag) . news.nike.com . October 4, 2016 . Retrieved January 22, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Green, Dennis (March 17, 2016). "Great Scott! Nike's HyperAdapt 1.0 self-tying shoes will debut on November 28" (http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/nike-hyperadapt-self-tying-shoes/) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wiggers, Kyle (March 17, 2016). "NIKE CEO: Self-lacing shoes will be as big as self-driving cars" (http://www.businessinsider.com/self-lacing-shoes-will-be-as-big-as-self-driving-cars-2016-3) . Digital Trends (/wiki/Digital_Trends) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jayson Tatum Is the First Basketball Player to Wear Nike's Self-Lacing Shoes in an NBA Game" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/focus/athletic-outdoor/jayson-tatum-nike-adapt-bb-basketball-sneaker-nba-1202731545/) . Footwear News. 17 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sawyer, Jonathan (November 10, 2015). "PUMA Beats Nike to Market With Auto-Lacing System" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2015/11/10/puma-autodisc-auto-lacing-system/) . High Snobiety (/w/index.php?title=High_Snobiety&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lai, Richard (October 10, 2016). "Puma's self-lacing shoes were made for track athletes" (https://www.engadget.com/2016/10/31/puma-autodisc-hands-on-video/) . Engadget (/wiki/Engadget) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sharma, Shaliesh (November 2, 2016). "Puma's Autodisc gives tough fight to Nike's HyperAdapt" (http://www.latinpost.com/articles/125834/20161102/pumas-autodisc-gives-tough-fight-to-nike-s-hyperadapt.htm) . Latin Post (/w/index.php?title=Latin_Post&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "A Digital Sneaker" (https://time.com/collection/best-inventions-2019/5734576/puma-fi/) . Time. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Back to the Future fan Blake Bevin invents working power laces prototype" (http://www.news.com.au/technology/back-to-the-future-fan-beth-bevin-invents-working-power-laces-prototype/story-e6frfro0-1225889024940) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . July 7, 2010 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "How To Build Your Own Auto-Lacing Shoes" (http://www.popsci.com/how-to-build-your-own-auto-lacing-shoes) . Popular Science (/wiki/Popular_Science) . October 21, 2010 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Self-Tightening Power Laces Shoes, Back From the Future" (https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/tightening-shoes-back-future/story?id=11677354) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . September 20, 2010 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Yes, someone has finally built Marty McFly's auto-lacing shoes" (http://bgr.com/2014/11/18/kickstarter-powerlace-p-one-auto-lacing-shoes/) . BGR (/wiki/Boy_Genius_Report) . November 18, 2014 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Powerlace Technology Stepping Up to Nike With its Own Auto-Lacing Shoes" (http://www.hngn.com/articles/50225/20141120/powerlace-technology-stepping-up-to-nike-with-its-own-auto-lacing-shoes.htm) . BGR (/wiki/Boy_Genius_Report) . November 20, 2014 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Your Sneakers Just Got Smarter With Digitsole's Smartshoe" (http://www.ubergizmo.com/2017/05/digitsole-launches-smartshoe/) . 30 May 2017 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . External links [ edit ] Power Laces Official Website (http://power-laces.com/) Light Up Shoes Official Website (https://lightups.io/) Powerlace Technology Official Website (http://www.powerlace.com/en/) v t e Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)) Films Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future) (1985) Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II) (1989) Back to the Future Part III (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III) (1990) Characters (/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters) Marty McFly (/wiki/Marty_McFly) Emmett "Doc" Brown (/wiki/Emmett_Brown) Biff Tannen (/wiki/Biff_Tannen) Music (/wiki/Music_of_the_Back_to_the_Future_franchise) " The Power of Love (/wiki/The_Power_of_Love_(Huey_Lewis_and_the_News_song)) " " Doubleback (/wiki/Doubleback_(song)) " Other media The Ride (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Ride) TV series (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(TV_series)) The Pinball (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Pinball) Transformers/Back to the Future (/wiki/Transformers/Back_to_the_Future) Back in Time (/wiki/Back_in_Time_(2015_film)) The Musical (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Musical) Expedition: Back to the Future (/wiki/Expedition_Unknown#Expedition:_Back_to_the_Future_(2021)) Video games (/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_video_games) Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1985_video_game)) (1985) Back to the Future (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1989_video_game)) (1989) Back to the Future Part II (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_(video_game)) (1990) Back to the Future Part II & III (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_%26_III) (1990) Back to the Future Part III (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III_(video_game)) (1991) Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure (/wiki/Universal_Studios_Theme_Parks_Adventure) (2001) Back to the Future: The Game (/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Game) (2010) Universe DeLorean time machine (/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine) " Great Scott! (/wiki/Great_Scott) " Hill Valley (/wiki/Hill_Valley_(Back_to_the_Future)) Hoverboard (/wiki/Hoverboard) Self-tying shoes Legacy The Earth Day Special (/wiki/The_Earth_Day_Special) Rick and Morty (/wiki/Rick_and_Morty) Nike Mag (/wiki/Nike_Mag) Category v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical footwear Areni-1 shoes (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Cavalier boots (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels (/wiki/Spool_heel) Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐mt8bs Cached time: 20240716054818 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.515 seconds Real time usage: 0.710 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1482/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 79077/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1367/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 78500/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.361/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17095804/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1900s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1900s_fashion) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is 1900s in Western fashion (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) . See also: Category:1900s clothing (/wiki/Category:1900s_clothing) 1850s (/wiki/Category:1850s_fashion) 1860s (/wiki/Category:1860s_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) 1900s 1910s (/wiki/Category:1910s_fashion) 1920s (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_fashion) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th 25th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4p7pv Cached time: 20240721210128 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.142 seconds Real time usage: 0.258 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 300/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7063/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 24/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7371/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.099/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1713098/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 244.800 1 -total 55.35% 135.502 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 26.48% 64.817 1 Template:Commons_category 25.70% 62.923 1 Template:Sister_project 25.11% 61.479 1 Template:Side_box 12.21% 29.893 2 Template:If_then_show 7.82% 19.136 1 Template:Category_main 5.72% 14.006 1 Template:Category_see_also_if_exists 4.45% 10.890 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 2.91% 7.113 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8403253-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721210128 and revision id 1131803518. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. C Clothing companies established in 1900 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1900) (2 P) Clothing companies established in 1901 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1901) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1902 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1902) (6 P) Clothing companies established in 1903 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1903) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1904 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1904) (4 P) Clothing companies established in 1905 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1905) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1906 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1906) (5 P) Clothing companies established in 1907 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1907) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1908 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1908) (2 P) Clothing companies established in 1909 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1909) (5 P) Pages in category "1900s fashion" The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1900s in Western fashion (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) B Bucket hat (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Buster Brown suit (/wiki/Buster_Brown_suit) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) C Callot Soeurs (/wiki/Callot_Soeurs) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) D Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Delphos gown (/wiki/Delphos_gown) Dents (/wiki/Dents) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) E Engageante (/wiki/Engageante) F Fauntleroy suit (/wiki/Fauntleroy_suit) G Gibson Girl (/wiki/Gibson_Girl) L List of Alexander McQueen collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) M Jeanne Margaine-Lacroix (/wiki/Jeanne_Margaine-Lacroix) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mushroom hat (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) N Newsboy cap (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) P Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Peach basket hat (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Peacock dress of Lady Curzon (/wiki/Peacock_dress_of_Lady_Curzon) Pickelhaube (/wiki/Pickelhaube) Pith helmet (/wiki/Pith_helmet) Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) Pork pie hat (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) R Clothing in the ragtime era (/wiki/Clothing_in_the_ragtime_era) Rainy daisy (/wiki/Rainy_daisy) S Strapless dress (/wiki/Strapless_dress) 1907 Sydney bathing costume protests (/wiki/1907_Sydney_bathing_costume_protests) V Victorian fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1900s_fashion&oldid=1131803518 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1900s_fashion&oldid=1131803518) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 1900s in art (/wiki/Category:1900s_in_art) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) For clothing (/wiki/Clothing) related articles needing an image or photograph, use {{ Image requested (/wiki/Template:Image_requested) |date=July 2024|clothing}} in the talk page, which adds the article to Category:Wikipedia requested images of clothing . If possible, please add request to an existing sub-category. For help on requesting images, see Wikipedia:Requested pictures (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures) . For help with finding images, see Wikipedia:Finding images tutorial (/wiki/Wikipedia:Finding_images_tutorial) . You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) . The Free Image Search Tool (https://fist.toolforge.org/fist.php?doit=1&language=en&project=wikipedia&data=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+clothing&datatype=categories¶ms%5Bcatdepth%5D=0¶ms%5Brandom%5D=50¶ms%5Bll_max%5D=5¶ms%5Bcommons_max%5D=5¶ms%5Bflickr_max%5D=5¶ms%5Binclude_flickr_id%5D=1¶ms%5Bwts_max%5D=5¶ms%5Bgimp_max%5D=5¶ms%5Besp_max%5D=5¶ms%5Besp_skip_flickr%5D=1¶ms%5Bgeograph_max%5D=5¶ms%5Bforarticles%5D=noimage¶ms%5Blessthan_images%5D=3¶ms%5Bdefault_thumbnail_size%5D=¶ms%5Bjpeg%5D=1¶ms%5Bpng%5D=1¶ms%5Bgif%5D=1¶ms%5Bsvg%5D=1¶ms%5Bogg%5D=1¶ms%5Bmin_width%5D=80¶ms%5Bmin_height%5D=80&sources%5Blanguagelinks%5D=1&sources%5Bcommons%5D=1&sources%5Bflickr%5D=1) may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites. The Image Existence Checker (http://toolserver.org/~jarry/imagechecker/index.php?lang=en&category=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+clothing) shows articles in this list that have images. This is a maintenance (/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance) category (/wiki/Help:Category) , used for maintenance of the Wikipedia project (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-article_and_maintenance_categories) . It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F) , or groups articles by status rather than subject. Do not include this category in content categories. The Image Existence Checker (http://toolserver.org/~jarry/imagechecker/index.php?lang=en&category=Wikipedia+requested+images+of+clothing) shows articles in this list that have images. 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Wikipedia requested images of clothing" The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Talk:Anthony Eden hat (/wiki/Talk:Anthony_Eden_hat) Talk:Aquapel (/wiki/Talk:Aquapel) Talk:Aquashift (/wiki/Talk:Aquashift) Talk:Arena (swimwear) (/wiki/Talk:Arena_(swimwear)) Talk:Arisaid (/wiki/Talk:Arisaid) B Talk:Bowyangs (/wiki/Talk:Bowyangs) Talk:Bugle Boy (/wiki/Talk:Bugle_Boy) C Talk:Cagoule (raincoat) (/wiki/Talk:Cagoule_(raincoat)) Talk:Collar (clothing) (/wiki/Talk:Collar_(clothing)) G Talk:Galero (/wiki/Talk:Galero) Talk:Gas Jeans (/wiki/Talk:Gas_Jeans) Talk:Go-go boot (/wiki/Talk:Go-go_boot) H Talk:Harrington jacket (/wiki/Talk:Harrington_jacket) Talk:High-technology swimwear (/wiki/Talk:High-technology_swimwear) I Talk:Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress of Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Talk:Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) K Talk:Kappōgi (/wiki/Talk:Kapp%C5%8Dgi) Talk:Keikogi (/wiki/Talk:Keikogi) Talk:Keski (/wiki/Talk:Keski) Talk:Kozhushanka (/wiki/Talk:Kozhushanka) L Talk:Lavalava (/wiki/Talk:Lavalava) Talk:Layered clothing (/wiki/Talk:Layered_clothing) Talk:Liberty bodice (/wiki/Talk:Liberty_bodice) M Talk:Mac in a Sac (/wiki/Talk:Mac_in_a_Sac) O Talk:Oxford bags (/wiki/Talk:Oxford_bags) P Talk:Pashmina (material) (/wiki/Talk:Pashmina_(material)) Talk:Pattern grading (/wiki/Talk:Pattern_grading) Talk:Pheta (/wiki/Talk:Pheta) Talk:Piccadill (/wiki/Talk:Piccadill) Talk:Plus fours (/wiki/Talk:Plus_fours) Talk:Plus-size clothing (/wiki/Talk:Plus-size_clothing) Talk:Prairie dress (/wiki/Talk:Prairie_dress) R Talk:The Row (fashion label) (/wiki/Talk:The_Row_(fashion_label)) S Talk:Saf-t-Bra (/wiki/Talk:Saf-t-Bra) Talk:Shinobi shōzoku (/wiki/Talk:Shinobi_sh%C5%8Dzoku) Talk:Spit hood (/wiki/Talk:Spit_hood) T Talk:Thor Shield (/wiki/Talk:Thor_Shield) Talk:Tunicle (/wiki/Talk:Tunicle) W Talk:Weighted clothing (/wiki/Talk:Weighted_clothing) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_clothing&oldid=963344105 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_clothing&oldid=963344105) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Wikipedia requested images of arts (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_arts) Wikipedia requested images of fashion (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_fashion) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Modeling agency Silent Models Company type Limited Liability Company (/wiki/Limited_Liability_Company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) [1] (#cite_note-1) Founded New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) (2008 ( 2008 ) ) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) Key people Kevin Fitzpatrick, Executive Director Website silentmodelsny (http://silentmodelsny.com) .com (http://silentmodelsny.com) Silent Models New York, founded in 2008, is a boutique modeling agency based in New York. Silent Models New York represents notable models Line Brems, Freja Jeppesen, Emma Stern, and Camilla Christensen. Silent's models have appeared in editorials for Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , 032c (/wiki/032c) , French Revue de Modes , [2] (#cite_note-2) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Vs. (/wiki/Vs._(magazine)) and others. The agency's models have also appeared in campaigns for Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , [4] (#cite_note-4) Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Juicy Couture (/wiki/Juicy_Couture) [8] (#cite_note-8) and other top designers and fashion houses. [9] (#cite_note-Models-9) History [ edit ] Silent Models New York was founded in 2008 and was originally in a partnership with Silent Models Paris, which helped to curate the careers of models such as Anna Selezneva (/wiki/Anna_Selezneva) , Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) , Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) , and Elena Melnik (/wiki/Elena_Melnik) . In 2012, Silent Models New York began to operate separately from Silent Models Paris. [10] (#cite_note-10) Models [ edit ] Fashion models currently represented by Silent Models include Anna Selezneva (/wiki/Anna_Selezneva) , Melodie Monrose (/wiki/Melodie_Monrose) , Indira Scott (/wiki/Indira_Scott) , and Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) . See also [ edit ] List of modeling agencies (/wiki/List_of_modeling_agencies) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) [1] (https://tsmagency.com/) Lim, James. "Meet the New Girl: Colinne Michaelis Made Miuccia Prada Swoon" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2011/06/meet_the_new_girl_colinne_mich.html) . nymag.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "French Revenue de Mode" (http://www.frenchrevue.com/backissues/3/alain_chamfort-tricky.html) . Retrieved 8 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Emeline Ghesquière, exclusive for Calvin Klein F/W 2012" (http://twitpic.com/8l4m8z) . twitpic.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Othilia Simon kicks off #MFW walking for @Gucci in a dramatic black cape" (http://twitpic.com/8nb465) . www.twitpic.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Miu Miu Fall Winter 2014 Backstage" (http://www.designscene.net/2014/03/miu-miu-fw14-backstage.html) . www.designscene.net . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dark Victory" (http://models.com/feed/?tag=silent-models) . models.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Model Profile #3: Heather Aboff" (http://www.netstyleshopper.com/style-diary/2013/4/21/model-profile) . www.netstyleshopper.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Anna Selezneva for Juicy Couture Spring 2012 Campaign by Inez & Vinoodh" (http://www.fashiongonerogue.com/anna-selezneva-juicy-couture-spring-2012-campaign-inez-vinoodh/) . www.fashiongonerogue.com . Retrieved 30 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Models_9-0) "TOP AGENCIES: NEW YORK / WOMEN" (http://models.com/agencies/top/) . Models.com . Retrieved 4 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Silent Agency Profile" (http://models.com/agency/Silent-Paris) . models.com . Retrieved 19 June 2014 . 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Women's clothing of triangle-folded kerchief Descriptive drawing. A fichu ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ f iː ʃ uː / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) , from the French "thrown over") is a large, square kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) worn by women to fill in the low neckline of a bodice (/wiki/Bodice) . Description [ edit ] It originated in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) in the 18th century and remained popular there and in France (/wiki/France) through the 19th with many variations, [1] (#cite_note-1) as well as in the United States (/wiki/United_States) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The fichu was generally of linen (/wiki/Linen) fabric and was folded diagonally (/wiki/Diagonal) into a triangle and tied, pinned, or tucked into the bodice in front. A fichu is sometimes used with a brooch to conceal the closure of a décolleté neckline. The fichu can thus be fastened in the front, or crossed over the chest. The cross-over fichu sometimes extended all the way to the back. Some models include a large over-the-shoulders back piece. [3] (#cite_note-3) The fichu found in several traditional cultures resembles a poncho (/wiki/Poncho) that covers only the shoulders and chest. Gallery [ edit ] Elizabeth Sewall Salisbury wears an embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) fichu pinned at the neck, 1789. Jeune femme au fichu blanc , between 1790 and 1800 American or European, cotton, mid-19th century. Probably American, cotton, mid-19th century. French, silk, mid-19th century. British, linen, knotted, mid-19th century. American or European, silk, mid-19th century. Fichu en indienne , traditionally worn in the Comtat Venaissin (/wiki/Comtat_Venaissin) . See also [ edit ] Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Cravat (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) 1700–1750 in fashion (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_fashion) 1750–1795 in fashion (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931795_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The Complete Costume Dictionary . Scarecrow Press. p. 107. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8108-7785-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Volo, Dorothy; Volo, James M. (2009). Daily Life in Civil War America, 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 289. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-36604-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "fichu" (https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/fichu/) . fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu . Fashion History Timeline. 2018 . Retrieved 2020-08-21 . Bibliography [ edit ] Baumgarten, Linda: What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America , Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-300-09580-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09580-5) Cunnington, C. Willett (/wiki/C._Willett_Cunnington) and Phillis Emily Cunnington (/wiki/Phillis_Emily_Cunnington) : Handbook of English Costume in the Eighteenth Century . London: Faber, 1972. Payne, Blanche: History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century , Harper & Row, 1965. No ISBN for this edition; ASIN B0006BMNFS Ribeiro, Aileen: Dress in Eighteenth Century Europe 1715-1789 , Yale University Prison, 2002, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-300-09151-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09151-6) External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fichu (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fichu) . Look up fichu (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/fichu) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Victorian Fashions and Costumes from Harper's Bazar, 1867-1898 (https://books.google.com/books?id=I8uxpd6ajqkC&pg=PA34&) 18th century women's kerchiefs and fichus (http://larsdatter.com/18c/fichu.html) Description from Diderot's Encyclopedie (http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.838) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Spanish fashion designer Elisa Palomino Born 1969 (age 54–55) Valencia (/wiki/Valencia) , Spain Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) Academic background Alma mater (/wiki/Alma_mater) Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) ( MFA (/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts) ) Academic work Institutions University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) Elisa Palomino (born 1969), also known as Elisa Asuncion Palomino Perez [1] (#cite_note-Fulbright_profile-1) and Elisa Palomino-Perez , [2] (#cite_note-UAL_faculty_bio-2) is a Spanish fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and educator. Since 2012, she has directed the BA Fashion Print department Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) of the University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) . Early life and education [ edit ] Palomino was born in Valencia (/wiki/Valencia) in 1969. [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) She was raised in Cuenca (/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain) , [4] (#cite_note-Yetikyel_2021-4) and when Palomino was a child, her mother had a painting restoration workshop. [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) Palomino began her education in Fine Arts in Valencia but changed her focus to fashion and completed a postgraduate diploma in textile design and in 1992, a Master's degree (/wiki/Master%27s_degree) at Saint Martins School of Design. [4] (#cite_note-Yetikyel_2021-4) [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) [5] (#cite_note-Pervinca_Bellini_2010-5) During her study of design, she had a class with Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) . [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) [6] (#cite_note-6) She began her PhD (/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy) program in 2017 at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) with a focus on Indigenous Arctic fish skin. [4] (#cite_note-Yetikyel_2021-4) Fashion career [ edit ] Palomino began her career in fashion at Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) before she moved to Paris and became a workshop manager for John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) for seven years. [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) [7] (#cite_note-Bio-7) She then designed for Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) before moving to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) in 2008 to become a vice president of design for Diane Von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_Von_Furstenberg) . [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) [8] (#cite_note-Hyland_2010-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [7] (#cite_note-Bio-7) In 2010, she began her own brand [7] (#cite_note-Bio-7) and she won the Who is on Next? Fashion Freedom award. [5] (#cite_note-Pervinca_Bellini_2010-5) By 2012, she had moved to London and was showing her fourth collection at Madrid Fashion Week (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) and London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [3] (#cite_note-Mañana_2012-3) [10] (#cite_note-Bhattay_2012-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Her brand was shown for a total of five seasons. [4] (#cite_note-Yetikyel_2021-4) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Academic career [ edit ] In 2012, Palomino joined the faculty of Central Saint Martins as the director of BA Fashion Print department. [2] (#cite_note-UAL_faculty_bio-2) [14] (#cite_note-Perry_2013-14) In 2019, as an associate professor, she won a research grant from the Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program (/wiki/Fulbright_Program) for her project titled "Indigenous Arctic Fishskin Clothing: Cultural and Ecological Impacts on Fashion Higher Education". [1] (#cite_note-Fulbright_profile-1) Her research was mentored by the Arctic Studies Center at the Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) . [15] (#cite_note-Fulbright_bio-15) She has also worked with the FishSkin research project funded by the European Union (/wiki/European_Union) . [16] (#cite_note-Williams_2020-16) In 2021, fishskin bags and sneakers Palomino made with National Museum of Natural History (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History) anthropologists were shown in the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building (/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building) exhibit "FUTURES", alongside earlier fishskin work in the museum collection. [17] (#cite_note-17) Palomino has also taught at Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) , the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts) , Iceland Academy of the Arts (/wiki/Iceland_Academy_of_the_Arts) , Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) , Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) , Shenkar College of Engineering and Design (/wiki/Shenkar_College_of_Engineering_and_Design) , and Bunka Gakuen University (/wiki/Bunka_Gakuen_University) . [18] (#cite_note-UAL_bio_CSM-18) Selected works [ edit ] Palomino, E. (2020). SDG 14 Life Below Water: Introducing fish skin as a sustainable raw material for fashion. In I. B. Franco, T. Chatterji, E. Derbyshire, & J. Tracey (Eds.), Actioning the Global Goals for Local Impact (pp. 229–246). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9927-6_15 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9927-6_15) Palomino, E., & Rahme, L. (2020). Indigenous arctic fish skin – A study of different traditional skin processing technology. Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists Journal from Northampton University, accepted for publication. References [ edit ] ^ a b "Elisa Asuncion Palomino Perez" (https://cies.org/grantee/elisa-asuncion-palomino-perez) . Fulbright Scholar Program . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ a b "Elisa Palomino-Perez" (https://www.arts.ac.uk/research/ual-staff-researchers/elisa-palomino-perez) . University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ a b c d e f g Mañana, Carmen (January 27, 2012). " (https://elpais.com/diario/2012/01/28/ultima/1327705202_850215.html) "Me encanta volver, pero en Londres tengo más clientes" (https://elpais.com/diario/2012/01/28/ultima/1327705202_850215.html) " (https://elpais.com/diario/2012/01/28/ultima/1327705202_850215.html) . El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 21 April 2022 . ^ a b c d Yetikyel, Gia (June 11, 2021). "Does Fish Skin Have a Future in Fashion?" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/does-fish-skin-have-future-fashion-180977931/) . Smithsonian Magazine (/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ a b Pervinca Bellini, Elisa (August 12, 2010). "Elisa Palomino" (https://www.vogue.it/talents/concorsi-e-altro/2010/08/elisa-palomino) . Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) (in Italian) . Retrieved 21 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Dickens, Zoe; Osmoeva, Altynai (November 7, 2012). "Elisa Palomino" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180811181145/http://1granary.com/interviews/elisa-palomino/) . 1 Granary . Archived from the original (http://1granary.com/interviews/elisa-palomino/) on August 11, 2018 . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ a b c "Bio" (http://www.elisapalomino.com/bio.php) . Elisapalomino.com . Retrieved 21 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hyland_2010_8-0) Hyland, Veronique (February 8, 2010). "Cheat Sheet: Fall 2010's Newcomers" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/cheat-sheet-fall-2010-newcomers-2449618/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Elisa Palomino" (https://www.newonthecatwalk.com/designers/item/20-elisa-palomino.html) . New on the Catwalk . Retrieved 21 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bhattay_2012_10-0) Bhattay, Akeela (May 5, 2012). "Elisa Palomino - London Fashion Week A/W 2012 - Catwalk Show Review" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/akeela-bhattay/elisa-palomino_b_1322479.html) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fashion Dash" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/fashion-dash) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . March 5, 2012 . Retrieved 24 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Spring/Summer 2012 Ready-To-Wear Elisa Palomino London" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/spring-summer-2012-ready-to-wear/elisa-palomino) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 19 September 2011 . Retrieved 21 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Elisa Palomino - Autumn/Winter 2012 Ready-To-Wear" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/autumn-winter-2012-ready-to-wear/elisa-palomino) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 16 February 2012 . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Perry_2013_14-0) Perry, Grayson (8 July 2013). "The great Grayson Perry frock competition" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jul/08/great-grayson-perry-frock-competition) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fulbright_bio_15-0) "Elisa Palomino" (https://fulbright.org.uk/about-us/meet-our-fulbrighters/2019-20-us-uk-fulbright-award-grantees/2019-20-british-fulbright-scholar-award-grantees) . 2019-20 British Fulbright Scholar Award grantees . Fulbright Commission . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Williams_2020_16-0) Williams, Chloe (April 28, 2020). "The Art of Turning Fish into Leather" (https://hakaimagazine.com/features/the-art-of-turning-fish-into-leather/) . Hakai Magazine (/wiki/Hakai_Magazine) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "These Smithsonian objects bridge the past and the future" (https://www.si.edu/stories/these-smithsonian-objects-bridge-past-and-future) . Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) . November 22, 2021 . Retrieved 24 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-UAL_bio_CSM_18-0) "Elisa Palomino" (https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/central-saint-martins/people/elisa-palomino) . Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) . University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) . Retrieved 22 April 2022 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.elisapalominoconsulting.com) (consulting) Official website (https://www.fishskinlab.com/) (FISHSKINLAB) GScholar profile (https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=s39BM8YAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐5lvjx Cached time: 20240624002435 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.475 seconds Real time usage: 0.569 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2667/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35921/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2048/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72831/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.336/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7134377/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 532.644 1 -total 41.02% 218.488 1 Template:Reflist 35.73% 190.336 1 Template:Infobox_academic 23.75% 126.521 6 Template:Cite_web 14.34% 76.375 1 Template:Short_description 12.66% 67.407 12 Template:Cite_news 9.21% 49.051 2 Template:Infobox 8.19% 43.645 2 Template:Pagetype 6.74% 35.902 20 Template:Main_other 5.63% 29.996 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53659970-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624002435 and revision id 1163784058. 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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Carolina Engman" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Carolina+Engman%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Carolina+Engman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Carolina+Engman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Carolina+Engman%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Carolina+Engman%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Carolina+Engman%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Carolina Engman (born 5 March 1987) is a Swedish fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blogger) , model (/wiki/Model_(person)) and stylist (/wiki/Personal_stylist) . Engman started her blog entitled 'FashionSquad' in April 2006. She has been featured by magazines like Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , [1] (#cite_note-Teen_Vogue-1) NYLON Japan, Vogue Girl Korea, Vogue Germany [2] (#cite_note-Vogue_Germany-2) and Elle Spain. Carolina has modeled in campaigns for Botkier, Mango (/wiki/Mango_(clothing)) , [3] (#cite_note-Mango-3) Penny Black, Bik Bok, [4] (#cite_note-Bik_Bok-4) and Nastygal. In 2010 she was featured on a T-shirt sold by Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) . [5] (#cite_note-Forever21-5) See also [ edit ] La Carmina (/wiki/La_Carmina) Glamourina (/wiki/Glamourina) Karla Deras (/wiki/Karla_Deras) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Teen_Vogue_1-0) "Blogger of the Moment: Fashion Squad: Teen Vogue Daily" (http://www.teenvogue.com/style/blogs/fashion/2008/09/blogger-of-the-moment-fashion-1.html) . TeenVogue.com. 2008-09-23 . Retrieved 2013-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_Germany_2-0) "Mode 2013: Trends und Accessoires aus der Welt der Damenmode - VOGUE" (http://www.vogue.de/articles/mode/community/carolina-engman/2009/10/13/18211) (in German). Vogue.de . Retrieved 2013-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mango_3-0) "MANGO" (http://shop.mango.com/iframe.faces?state=she_030_IN) . Shop.mango.com . Retrieved 2013-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bik_Bok_4-0) "Blogger Carolina Engman's New Campaign Makes Us Wish We Were In Miami" (https://www.refinery29.com/blogger-carolina-engmans-new-c) . Refinery29.com . Retrieved 2013-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forever21_5-0) "Forever 21 Fall 2013 - Atlanta de Cadenet Taylor" (https://www.refinery29.com/danny-roberts-collaborates-with-forever21-so-you-can-buy-your-favorite-bloggers) . Refinery29.com. 2013-09-11 . Retrieved 2013-10-06 . External links [ edit ] Fashionsquad.com (http://www.fashionsquad.com) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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1949 British film Maytime in Mayfair Film poster (/wiki/Film_poster) Directed by Herbert Wilcox (/wiki/Herbert_Wilcox) Written by Nicholas Phipps (/wiki/Nicholas_Phipps) Produced by Anna Neagle Herbert Wilcox Starring Anna Neagle (/wiki/Anna_Neagle) Michael Wilding (/wiki/Michael_Wilding) Cinematography Mutz Greenbaum (/wiki/Mutz_Greenbaum) (as Max Greene) Music by Robert Farnon (/wiki/Robert_Farnon) Production company Herbert Wilcox Productions (/wiki/Herbert_Wilcox_Productions) (as Imperadio) Distributed by British Lion Films (/wiki/British_Lion_Films) Release date 12 September 1949 ( 1949-09-12 ) (general release) Running time 94 minutes Country United Kingdom Language English Box office £268,984 (UK) [1] (#cite_note-1) Maytime in Mayfair is a 1949 British musical (/wiki/Musical_film) romance film (/wiki/Romance_film) directed by Herbert Wilcox (/wiki/Herbert_Wilcox) and starring Anna Neagle (/wiki/Anna_Neagle) , Michael Wilding (/wiki/Michael_Wilding) , Nicholas Phipps (/wiki/Nicholas_Phipps) , and Tom Walls (/wiki/Tom_Walls) . [2] (#cite_note-2) It was a follow-up to Spring in Park Lane (/wiki/Spring_in_Park_Lane) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The film was one of the most popular movies at the British box office in 1949. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Plot [ edit ] The film begins with a brief history of Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) then shows a man walking into a florist (/wiki/Florist) in Shepherd Market. Debonair Michael Gore-Brown inherits a London fashion house: Maison Londres. Knowing nothing about business or fashion, he becomes romantically involved with its beautiful manageress, Eileen Grahame, who he says reminds him of Anna Neagle (/wiki/Anna_Neagle) . He blithely helps himself to the petty cash to buy her lunch and brings in his ex-military cousin Sir Henry as a 'business advisor'. They are interrupted by the foppish D'Arcy Davenport, Eileen's fiance. A nearby rival fashion house learns of Eileen's new secret collection and leaks the story to the papers. It emerges that the cousin accidentally passed the story whilst drunk. Eileen angrily quits the business to work for the rival, who now plans to buy the business at a knock-down price. When she learns that Michael is about to do this, she returns to sort out the mess, and marries him. [6] (#cite_note-6) Cast [ edit ] Anna Neagle (/wiki/Anna_Neagle) as Eileen Grahame Michael Wilding (/wiki/Michael_Wilding) as Michael Gore-Brown Peter Graves (/wiki/Peter_Graves,_8th_Baron_Graves) as D'Arcy Davenport Nicholas Phipps (/wiki/Nicholas_Phipps) as Sir Henry Hazelrigg Thora Hird (/wiki/Thora_Hird) as Janet Michael Shepley (/wiki/Michael_Shepley) as Shepherd Tom Walls (/wiki/Tom_Walls) as Inspector Hennessey Max Kirby as Mr Keats Desmond Walter-Ellis (/wiki/Desmond_Walter-Ellis) as Mr. Shelley Tom Walls Jr. as Constable Doris Rogers as Lady Manbury-Logan-Manbury Mona Washbourne (/wiki/Mona_Washbourne) as Lady Leveson Costume Design [ edit ] Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) Charles Creed (/wiki/Charles_Creed) Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) Mattli (/wiki/Mattli) Molyneux (/wiki/Edward_Molyneux) Digby Morton (/wiki/Digby_Morton) Bianca Mosca (/wiki/Bianca_Mosca) Peter Russell (/wiki/Peter_Russell_(fashion_designer)) Victor Stiebel (/wiki/Victor_Stiebel) Production [ edit ] The film marked the fourth teaming of Anna Neagle and Michael Wilding. [7] (#cite_note-7) After the film started shooting Tom Walls called Wilcox asking for a role. Wilcox put in a part of a policeman for the actor. [8] (#cite_note-8) Filming took place in January through to March 1949. [9] (#cite_note-9) Four lines of clothing were designed specifically for the film. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Soundtrack [ edit ] Maytime in Mayfair Music by Harry Parr Davies (/wiki/Harry_Parr_Davies) Lyrics by Harold Purcell (/wiki/Harold_Purcell) Amor (/wiki/Amor_(Gabriel_Ruiz_song)) Written by Gabriel Ruiz (/wiki/Gabriel_Ruiz_(songwriter)) and Ricardo Lopez (/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_M%C3%A9ndez) English Lyrics by Sunny Skylar (/wiki/Sunny_Skylar) Do I Love You? Written by Bruno Bidoli, David Heneker (/wiki/David_Heneker) and Don Pelosi I'm Not Going Home Written by Kermit Goell (/wiki/Kermit_Goell) and Fred Prisker The Moment I Saw You Music by Manning Sherwin (/wiki/Manning_Sherwin) Lyrics by Harold Purcell Reception [ edit ] Box Office [ edit ] The film was hugely popular in Britain. The Motion Picture Herald said it was the third most watched film of the year after The Third Man and Johnny Belinda and more than Scott of the Antarctic , Paleface , Easter Parade , Blue Lagoon , Red River , The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and The Hasty Heart . Neagle and Wilding were voted the most popular stars of the year in Britain. [12] (#cite_note-12) According to Kinematograph Weekly the 'biggest winner' at the box office in 1949 Britain was The Third Man with "runners up" being Johnny Belinda , The Secret Life of Walter Mitty , Paleface , Scott of the Antarctic , The Blue Lagoon , Maytime in Mayfair , Easter Parade , Red River and You Can't Sleep Here . [13] (#cite_note-13) However even by December 1949 the film had not recouped its cost. [14] (#cite_note-14) Critical reception [ edit ] The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) called the film "nauseously Technicolored flimflam"; [15] (#cite_note-15) while TV Guide (/wiki/TV_Guide) noted "The plot is about as simple as they come, but it's told so nicely that you can't help but be charmed. Wilding and Neagle are a sort of British Astaire and Rogers, playing well off each other in this lighthearted romp. The beautiful fashion designs, as well as glorious set decor, are well captured in the Technicolor photography." [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vincent Porter, 'The Robert Clark Account', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television , Vol 20 No 4, 2000 p489 ^ (#cite_ref-2) BFI Database entry (https://web.archive.org/web/20090116194649/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/42188) ^ (#cite_ref-3) MAYTIME IN MAYFAIR Monthly Film Bulletin; London Vol. 16, Iss. 181, (Jan 1, 1949): 115. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "TOPS AT HOME" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49700937) . The Courier-Mail (/wiki/The_Courier-Mail) . Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 31 December 1949. p. 4 . Retrieved 24 April 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Thumim, Janet. "The popular cash and culture in the postwar British cinema industry" (https://archive.org/details/Screen_Volume_32_Issue_3/page/n17) . Screen . Vol. 32, no. 3. p. 258. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Maytime in Mayfair | Film review and movie reviews" (http://www.radiotimes.com/film/mfbhq/maytime-in-mayfair) . Radio Times. 8 April 2013 . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "THE STARRY WAY" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49928529) . The Courier-mail (/wiki/The_Courier-mail) . No. 3729. Queensland, Australia. 6 November 1948. p. 2 . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "News from the studios" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47222356) . The Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/The_Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) . Vol. 16, no. 32. Australia. 15 January 1949. p. 31 . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "U.K. movie producers wait for Govt, move" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230238266) . The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(Sydney)) . No. 12, 187. New South Wales, Australia. 17 February 1949. p. 25 (LATE FINAL EXTRA) . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "LONDON FASHION IN A FILM" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18467055) . The Sunday Herald (Sydney) (/wiki/The_Sunday_Herald_(Sydney)) . No. 15. New South Wales, Australia. 1 May 1949. p. 6 (Magazine Section) . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Parade of model gowns in new film" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article229778729) . The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(Sydney)) . No. 2404. New South Wales, Australia. 8 May 1949. p. 5 (COLOR MAGAZINE) . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "BRITISH STUDIOS PLAN 44 FILMS" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134178264) . Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (/wiki/Newcastle_Morning_Herald_and_Miners%27_Advocate) . No. 22, 854. New South Wales, Australia. 31 December 1949. p. 3 . Retrieved 20 May 2019 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lant, Antonia (1991). Blackout : reinventing women for wartime British cinema . Princeton University Press. p. 232. ^ (#cite_ref-14) FILM PRODUCERS' HEAVY LOSS: A Shareholder's Questions The Manchester Guardian 31 Dec 1949: 3. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Crowther, Bosley (23 April 1952). "Movie Review – Maytime in Mayfair – THE SCREEN IN REVIEW" (https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D00EFDA103CE53ABC4B51DFB2668389649EDE&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3As) . NYTimes.com . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Maytime In Mayfair Review" (https://movies.tvguide.com/maytime-in-mayfair/review/105859) . Movies.tvguide.com . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . External links [ edit ] Maytime in Mayfair at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Maytime in Mayfair at BFI Screenonline (http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/516661/index.html) v t e Films by Herbert Wilcox (/wiki/Herbert_Wilcox) As director Chu-Chin-Chow (/wiki/Chu-Chin-Chow_(1923_film)) (1923) Southern Love (/wiki/Southern_Love) (1924) Decameron Nights (/wiki/Decameron_Nights_(1924_film)) (1924) The Only Way (/wiki/The_Only_Way_(1926_film)) (1926) Nell Gwyn (/wiki/Nell_Gwyn_(1926_film)) (1926) London (/wiki/London_(1926_film)) (1926) Tip Toes (/wiki/Tip_Toes) (1927) Madame Pompadour (/wiki/Madame_Pompadour_(1927_film)) (1927) Mumsie (/wiki/Mumsie) (1927) Dawn (/wiki/Dawn_(1928_film)) (1928) The Bondman (/wiki/The_Bondman_(1929_film)) (1929) The Woman in White (/wiki/The_Woman_in_White_(1929_film)) (1929) The Loves of Robert Burns (/wiki/The_Loves_of_Robert_Burns) (1930) The Chance of a Night Time (/wiki/The_Chance_of_a_Night_Time) (1931) Carnival (/wiki/Carnival_(1931_film)) (1931) The Blue Danube (/wiki/The_Blue_Danube_(1932_film)) (1932) Goodnight, Vienna (/wiki/Goodnight,_Vienna) (1932) Money Means Nothing (/wiki/Money_Means_Nothing_(1932_film)) (1932) The Little Damozel (/wiki/The_Little_Damozel_(1933_film)) (1933) Bitter Sweet (/wiki/Bitter_Sweet_(1933_film)) (1933) Yes, Mr Brown (/wiki/Yes,_Mr_Brown) (1933) The Queen's Affair (/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Affair) (1934) Nell Gwyn (/wiki/Nell_Gwynn_(1934_film)) (1934) Peg of Old Drury (/wiki/Peg_of_Old_Drury) (1935) This'll Make You Whistle (/wiki/This%27ll_Make_You_Whistle) (1936) Three Maxims (/wiki/Three_Maxims) (1936) London Melody (/wiki/London_Melody) (1937) Limelight (/wiki/Limelight_(1936_film)) (1937) Victoria the Great (/wiki/Victoria_the_Great) (1937) Sixty Glorious Years (/wiki/Sixty_Glorious_Years) (1938) Nurse Edith Cavell (/wiki/Nurse_Edith_Cavell) (1939) Irene (/wiki/Irene_(1940_film)) (1940) No, No, Nanette (/wiki/No,_No,_Nanette_(1940_film)) (1940) Sunny (/wiki/Sunny_(1941_film)) (1941) They Flew Alone (/wiki/They_Flew_Alone) (1942) Forever and a Day (/wiki/Forever_and_a_Day_(1943_film)) (1943) Yellow Canary (/wiki/Yellow_Canary_(film)) (1943) I Live in Grosvenor Square (/wiki/I_Live_in_Grosvenor_Square) (1945) Piccadilly Incident (/wiki/Piccadilly_Incident) (1946) The Courtneys of Curzon Street (/wiki/The_Courtneys_of_Curzon_Street) (1947) Spring in Park Lane (/wiki/Spring_in_Park_Lane) (1948) Elizabeth of Ladymead (/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Ladymead) (1948) Maytime in Mayfair (1949) Odette (/wiki/Odette_(1950_film)) (1950) Into the Blue (/wiki/Into_the_Blue_(1950_film)) (1950) The Lady with a Lamp (/wiki/The_Lady_with_a_Lamp) (1951) Derby Day (/wiki/Derby_Day_(1952_film)) (1952) Trent's Last Case (/wiki/Trent%27s_Last_Case_(1952_film)) (1952) Laughing Anne (/wiki/Laughing_Anne) (1953) Trouble in the Glen (/wiki/Trouble_in_the_Glen) (1954) Lilacs in the Spring (/wiki/Lilacs_in_the_Spring) (1954) King's Rhapsody (/wiki/King%27s_Rhapsody_(film)) (1955) My Teenage Daughter (/wiki/My_Teenage_Daughter) (1956) These Dangerous Years (/wiki/These_Dangerous_Years) (1957) The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wouldn%27t_Talk_(1958_film)) (1958) Wonderful Things! 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Cosmetic Electrotherapy micro-current machine together with a selection of electrodes, made by Silver Fox (China) " Galvanism (/wiki/Galvanism) " Electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position [1] (#cite_note-1) Cosmetic electrotherapy is a range of beauty treatments (/wiki/Beauty_treatment) that uses low electric currents (/wiki/Electric_current) passed through the skin (/wiki/Skin) to produce several therapeutic effects [2] (#cite_note-2) such as muscle toning (/wiki/Muscle_tone) in the body [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 226 and micro-lifting of the face. [4] (#cite_note-mernaugh2004p109-4) It is based on electrotherapy (/wiki/Electrotherapy) , which has been researched and accepted in the field of rehabilitation, [5] (#cite_note-5) though the "scientific and medical communities have tended to sideline or dismiss the use of electrotherapy for healthy muscles". [6] (#cite_note-6) The use of electricity in cosmetics goes back to the end of the 19th century, [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) almost a hundred years after Luigi Galvani (/wiki/Luigi_Galvani) discovered that electricity can make the muscle in a frog's leg twitch [9] (#cite_note-9) (see galvanism (/wiki/Galvanism) ). Subsequent research in electrophysiology (/wiki/Electrophysiology) has been carried out by people such as Robert O. Becker (/wiki/Robert_O._Becker) , Dr Björn Nordenström, [10] (#cite_note-10) a former chair of the Nobel Selection Committee for Medicine, and Dr Thomas Wing, [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-mernagh2004-12) who invented some of the first micro-current devices. Treatments [ edit ] 1909 cosmetic electrotherapy advert reads: The White Cross Electric Vibrator [..] gives you your choice of Vibration, Faradic and Galvanic Electricity [..] tones up your nerves and muscles" [13] (#cite_note-1909advert-13) There are four main types of treatment, that differ in the type of current they use (see Comparison table, below (#Comparison) ), including: Galvanic treatment Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (also known as Faradic treatment) Micro-current electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) [14] (#cite_note-14) High-frequency treatment Galvanic treatment [ edit ] Galvanic treatment in the beauty industry has been described since at least the 1970s [15] (#cite_note-gallant1978-15) and earlier. [13] (#cite_note-1909advert-13) Sometimes called galvanism , the treatment aims to improve the skin in two ways: (1) cleansing: a process called desincrustation , and (2) nourishing the skin condition, through an electro-chemical process [16] (#cite_note-16) called iontophoresis (/wiki/Iontophoresis) [17] (#cite_note-17) (also called ionisation). [18] (#cite_note-18) This is achieved by the application of a small, constant, direct current (/wiki/Direct_current) . [19] (#cite_note-19) The treatment works on the principle that charged ions (/wiki/Ion) in the skin (/wiki/Skin) are either attracted or repelled from the electrodes (/wiki/Electrode) , resulting in certain chemical effects. [20] (#cite_note-20) "Galvanism works by penetrating active substances into the subcutaneous tissues (/wiki/Tissue_(biology)) , where they act on the ineffective circulation to bring about an improvement in the vascular (/wiki/Vascular_system) and lymphatic (/wiki/Lymphatic_system) interchange in the area. This is completed in a natural and harmless way, and is aided by the actual effect of the galvanic current on the tissues. This improves the function of the cellular membrane (/wiki/Cell_membrane) , and allows the trapped fluid and fat to be dispersed and eliminated." [21] (#cite_note-21) Galvanic treatment are often used on the face (facial galvanic treatment) and on the body to treat cellulite (galvanic cellulite treatments). [22] (#cite_note-22) Faradic treatment [ edit ] Faradic treatment has also been described in the beauty industry since the 1970s [15] (#cite_note-gallant1978-15) and earlier. [13] (#cite_note-1909advert-13) The treatment tones the muscles by repeatedly contracting them with the electric current, resulting in their firming and toning, and an increase in muscular metabolism aims to remove waste products more readily. [23] (#cite_note-23) Faradic treatments are generally used on the face and body, and work by contracting muscles with a short pulse of interrupted direct current. [24] (#cite_note-24) The treatment is also called neuromuscular electrical stimulation (/wiki/Neuromuscular_electrical_stimulation) (NMES), [25] (#cite_note-25) and some of the manufactures who produce the equipment use their own terms, for example, Slendertone (/wiki/Slendertone) calls it electronic muscle stimulation, [26] (#cite_note-26) or the treatment is called after the name of the manufacturer, such as Ultratone or Slim Master. [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 264 Microcurrent treatment [ edit ] Microcurrent treatments ( MENS (/wiki/Microcurrent_electrical_neuromuscular_stimulator) ) have been around since the 1970s in medical applications and are distinguished by their use of micro-ampere (/wiki/Ampere) currents (i.e. millionths of an amp) which are hardly perceptible, but mimic the body's own bio-electric currents (/wiki/Electrophysiology) . [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 272 The treatment is designed to soften wrinkles and rejuvenate skin, including skin damaged by sunburn (/wiki/Sunburn) , acne (/wiki/Acne) , stretch marks (/wiki/Stretch_mark) , cellulite (/wiki/Cellulite) and scarring (/wiki/Scar) . [12] (#cite_note-mernagh2004-12) This increased ATP also energizes the facial muscles, similar to how exercise energizes the muscles of our bodies. Unlike anywhere else on the body, the facial muscles are directly connected to the skin, so the result of energizing the muscle is often an improved, lifted appearance. [27] (#cite_note-27) When used on the face, the treatment has become known as a "non-surgical facelift" [28] (#cite_note-28) and "facial lifting". [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 273 Microcurrent treatment works by passing a very small direct current through muscle tissue to stimulate the Golgi tendon organ (/wiki/Golgi_tendon_organ) . [29] (#cite_note-29) It encourages production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) which leads to the creation and stimulation of structural proteins like elastin and collagen. Different microcurrent characteristics, particular the frequency and shape of the changing voltage (waveform), have different effects on the tissue. [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 273 [ unreliable source? ] Different waveforms are used for different micro-current treatments Frequency Micro-current effect 600 Hz Skin Surface 500 Hz Skin sub-Surface 300 Hz Lymphatic stimulation 20 Hz Circulation 10 Hz Facial muscles 0.8 Hz Deep facial Waveform shape (/wiki/Waveform) Micro-current effect Sine (/wiki/Sine_wave) Superficial Square (/wiki/Square_wave) Pumping Rectangular Lifting Sawtooth (/wiki/Sawtooth_wave) (Ramp) Longer lifting Microcurrent devices have been in the beauty industry for over a decade, the most known being the CACI device. Modern professional and personal use microcurrent devices combine waves of multiple shape and vary in frequencies used. Since microcurrent treatment uses a low-grade electrical current, there has been health concerns over safety of its use. People with pacemakers or any kind of heart condition should avoid it. Moreover, pregnant women are advised against it as well. It is always recommended to individually consult with doctor or aesthetician before using microcurrent. [30] (#cite_note-30) High-frequency treatment [ edit ] High-frequency treatment uses low-current high-frequency alternating currents (/wiki/Alternating_current#Effects_at_high_frequencies) , delivered via a glass electrode. [31] (#cite_note-page_197-31) Glass electrodes are often filled with either Neon gas which produces pink, orange, or red light or they are filled with Argon (/wiki/Argon) or rarefied gas which produces violet light. Because of the color of light that is produced when electricity is passed through the gas, they are inaccurately called ultraviolet (/wiki/Ultraviolet) or infra-red (/wiki/Infrared) , however no UV rays or infra-red rays are produced, just visible light. High frequency does current convert some of the oxygen (/wiki/Oxygen) in the air (/wiki/Air) surrounding the electrodes into ozone (/wiki/Ozone) , the treatment has a germicidal (/wiki/Antiseptic) action, and is also drying and warming. [32] (#cite_note-32) Consequently, the treatment is used to aid healing and also to help desquamation (/wiki/Desquamation) (the skin's natural exfoliation) and stimulate sweat (/wiki/Sweat_gland) and sebaceous glands (/wiki/Sebaceous_gland) . [31] (#cite_note-page_197-31) Sparking (/wiki/Electric_spark) may occur when the electrode is close to the skin and then pulled away repeatedly. Some electrodes may contain a metal coil that produces a mechanical vibration, as well as sparking energy that can be felt indirectly when held in one person's hand while another person uses their hands directly on the skin. Because the effect may be pleasurable, similar devices are used in erotic electrostimulation (/wiki/Erotic_electrostimulation) . Treatment and current [ edit ] The characteristics of the treatment current include: (a) whether it is ( direct (/wiki/Direct_current) or alternating (/wiki/Alternating_current) ), (b) current frequency, (c) size of the current (all very small), and (d) the duration and shape of any pulses. Comparison [ edit ] Treatment Current type Current range Frequency Therapies Galvanic (galvanism) Direct and constant [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 264 milliAmps (mA) [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 215 None (constant) [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 215 Desincrustation. Iontophoresis (/wiki/Iontophoresis) [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 215 Faradic Also known as Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), Faradism , [33] (#cite_note-33) Excitomotor current (USA), [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 235 Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) [34] (#cite_note-34) Alternating current used where current flows in both direction Up to 80 mA [35] (#cite_note-khandpur2003p774-35) 50–100 Hz [36] (#cite_note-nanda2008p101-36) Muscle toning [37] (#cite_note-facman21-37) Micro-current Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (MENS) Also known as Micro-electrotherapy [38] (#cite_note-38) Direct (pulsed) [39] (#cite_note-nordmann2010p237-39) 300-500μA (microAmps) [39] (#cite_note-nordmann2010p237-39) 0.1–680 Hz [39] (#cite_note-nordmann2010p237-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) Skin-toning [41] (#cite_note-41) Softens fine lines Facial micro-lifting. [4] (#cite_note-mernaugh2004p109-4) High-frequency Alternating [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 237–242 Low [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 237–242 100,000–250,000 Hz (100 kHz–250 kHz) [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 237–242 Conditions the skin. Promotes healing. Antibacterial. [3] (#cite_note-HiscockStoddart2004-3) : 237–242 Notes Desincrustation – A skin cleansing process that softens and emulsifies hardened follicle sebum. [42] (#cite_note-42) 1 Amp = 1,000 milliAmps (mA) = 1,000,000 microAmps (μA) 1,000 Hz (cycles per second) = 1 kHz Terminology [ edit ] See also: List of forms of electricity named after scientists (/wiki/List_of_forms_of_electricity_named_after_scientists) Michael Faraday (/wiki/Michael_Faraday) (1791–1867) lends his name to the term "Faradic" Luigi Galvani (/wiki/Luigi_Galvani) (1737–1798) lends his name to the term "galvanic" The origins of the terms "galvanic" and "Faradism" are described in the medical journal, The Lancet (/wiki/The_Lancet) , in 1851. A note reads: "We should not omit to state that Dr Duchenne (/wiki/Duchenne_de_Boulogne) closes a paper ( Archives , May 1851) [43] (#cite_note-43) on the subject by these words: 'As it will be useful to create a word which should exactly point out electricity by induction, as well as its application, may it not be allowable to use the name of the philosopher who has discovered this kind of electricity? Thus, in the same way as ' Galvani (/wiki/Luigi_Galvani) ' has given his name to the electricity by contact (/wiki/Static_electricity) , so can we like-wise give to the electricity by induction (/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction) the name of ' Faraday (/wiki/Michael_Faraday) .' This electricity would then be called 'Faradism,' and its application 'Faradization.' Such names would establish a clear distinction between the electricity by contact and that by induction, whilst they, at the same time, render due honour to a philosopher to whom medical science owes a discovery far more valuable in a therapeutic point of view than that of Galvani.'" [44] (#cite_note-44) It is noted that: "Some terms such as galvanic current and faradic stimulation are unique to physiotherapy. Their definitions given in the literature are far from universal. [45] (#cite_note-45) ... The Clinical Electrophysiology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (/wiki/American_Physical_Therapy_Association) established a unified terminology for clinical electrical currents—that is, (a) direct current (b) alternating current (c) pulsed current (Kloth and Cummings, 1991) [46] (#cite_note-46) ... However, this terminology does not appear to have been widely adopted and inconsistencies remain in the literature". [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) See also [ edit ] Bio-electric stimulation therapy (/wiki/Bio-electric_stimulation_therapy) (BEST) Electrotherapy (/wiki/Electrotherapy) – the use of electricity as a medical treatment Electrical muscle stimulation (/wiki/Electrical_muscle_stimulation) (neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)) Erotic electrostimulation (/wiki/Erotic_electrostimulation) Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator (/wiki/Microcurrent_electrical_neuromuscular_stimulator) (MENS) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (/wiki/Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation) (TENS) – the use of electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) David Ames Wells, The science of common things: a familiar explanation of the first principles of physical science. For schools, families, and young students. , Publisher Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1859, 323 pages ( page 290 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ajQAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Galvani+frog+leg&pg=PA290) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Introduction, Facial Electrical Manual , The Carlton Institute. 23 pages. (Page 2) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jane Hiscock; Elaine Stoddart; Jeanine Connor (2004). Beauty Therapy, Level 3 . Heinemann. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-45640-5 . [ unreliable source? ] ^ a b Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) . 420 pages ( page 109 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&dq=electrotherapy+beauty&pg=PA109) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Robinson AJ, Snyder-Mackler, L. Clinical electrophysiology: electrotherapy and electrophysiologic testing 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008;151-196, 198-237, 239-274 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kristin Schaefer Centofanti, "Electrical Stimulation for Health, Beauty, Fitness, Sports Training and Rehabilitation", Advances in Muscle Research , 2008, Volume 4 (Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease), 69-116. ( page 69 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-8233-7_4) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) See for example: "Dr Hardaway has remarked the wide usefulness of electrolysis in cosmetic manipulations." in The Medical Times and Register , Volume 16, (Author: Horatio Charles Wood), Publisher The Medical Publishing Company, 1886 ( 90 (https://books.google.com/books?id=BMNXAAAAMAAJ&q=cosmetic) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) In the treatment of scars (cicatrix): ".. electro-galvanic currents ought to remove cicatrical tissue of the skin, and thus prove of incalculable value as a cosmetic" in Eclectic medical journal , Volume 45, Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, Published 1885, ( page 99 (https://books.google.com/books?id=Xx6gAAAAMAAJ&q=galvanic+cosmetic+-lead) ) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Thomas Thomson, An outline of the sciences of heat and electricity , Publisher Baldwin & Cradock, 1830. "Chapter VII: Of Electricity by Contact" ( page 489 (https://books.google.com/books?id=cLIUxPg6SAQC&dq=Galvani%20frog%20%22electricity%20by%20contact%22&pg=PA489) ) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mark Woodhouse, Paradigm Wars: Worldviews for a New Age , Publisher Frog Books, 1996, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-883319-42-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883319-42-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-883319-42-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883319-42-7) , 648 pages ( page 192 (https://books.google.com/books?id=dejmdCWwEHsC&dq=Bj%C3%B6rn%20Nordenstr%C3%B6m%20nobel%20chairman&pg=PA192) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Deborah Powell, MicroCurrent for Horses (and other vital therapies you should know , Publisher Matrix Therapy Products, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-9790774-0-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9790774-0-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9790774-0-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9790774-0-1) ( page 15 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rLWY2sN0054C&dq=microcurrent++becker++body+electric&pg=PA15) ) ^ a b Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages ( page 108 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&dq=%22micro-current%22%20%20therapy%20cosmetic&pg=PA108) ) ^ a b c Popular Mechanics , Feb 1909, ( page 153 (https://books.google.com/books?id=-eADAAAAMBAJ&q=Faradic+galvanic+tones&pg=RA1-PA153) ) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file , Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-45142-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-45142-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-45142-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45142-4) , 469 pages. ( page 160 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQLBU87NstkC&dq=electrotherapy%20%20low%20current%20therapeutic%20beauty&pg=PA160) ) ^ a b Ann Gallant, Body treatments and dietetics for the beauty therapist , Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1978, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85950-401-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85950-401-8) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85950-401-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85950-401-0) , Length 392 pages ( page 308 (https://books.google.com/books?id=G4RrfRLpSMkC&q=electro-therapy&pg=PA308) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Karl Augustus Menninger, Martin Mayman, Paul W. Pruyser, "A manual for psychiatric case study", Grune & Stratton, 1952, 355 pages ( page 332 (https://books.google.com/books?id=8HFIAAAAMAAJ&q=iontophoresis+%22electro-chemical%22+galvanic) ) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file , Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-45142-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-45142-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-45142-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45142-4) . 469 pages ( page 161 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQLBU87NstkC&q=iontophoresis&pg=PA161) ) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Ann Gallant, Kathy Gillott, Jackie Howard, Principles and techniques for the beauty specialist , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1993, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-1550-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-1550-9) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-1550-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-1550-3) , 328 pages ( page 181 (https://books.google.com/books?id=UnzCkfbPXjAC&q=%22desincrustation%22+&pg=PA181) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages ( page 138 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&q=galvanic&pg=PA138) ) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3 , Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-84480-696-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84480-696-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84480-696-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84480-696-6) , 650 pages ( page 256 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2a0YlyZv1fIC&q=galvanic&pg=PA259) ) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Ann Gallant, Body treatments and dietetics for the beauty therapist , Publisher Nelson Thornes, 1978, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85950-401-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85950-401-8) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85950-401-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85950-401-0) , Length 392 pages ( page 310 (https://books.google.com/books?id=G4RrfRLpSMkC&q=electro-therapy&pg=PA310) ) ^ (#cite_ref-22) " Galvanic Cellulite Treatments (http://www.babtac.com/galvanic-cellulite-treatments/) ", BABTAC, British Association of Beauty Therapy and Cosmetology website, retrieved 5 Nov 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3 , Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-84480-696-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84480-696-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84480-696-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84480-696-6) , 650 pages ( page 247 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2a0YlyZv1fIC&dq=faradic+beauty&pg=PA250) ) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages ( page 132 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&dq=nmes+beauty&pg=PA132) ) ^ (#cite_ref-25) Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages ( page 132 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&dq=faradic+beauty&pg=PA132) ) ^ (#cite_ref-26) " How it Works: Electronic Muscle Stimulation (http://www.slendertone.com/t-how-it-works.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111124133452/http://www.slendertone.com/t-how-it-works.aspx) 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) " at Slendertone website, retrieved 18 Nov 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-27) "What Is Microcurrent Therapy?" (https://www.mynuface.com/pages/microcurrent) . NuFACE . NuFACE. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Nicholas Perricone, Forever Young: The Science of Nutrigenomics for Glowing, Wrinkle-Free Skin and Radiant Health at Every Age , Publisher Simon and Schuster, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4391-7734-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4391-7734-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4391-7734-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7734-1) , 351 pages ( page 111 (https://books.google.com/books?id=YR0u6EP3bPMC&q=microcurrent&pg=PA111) ) ^ (#cite_ref-29) Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file , Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-45142-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-45142-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-45142-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45142-4) , 469 pages ( page 160 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQLBU87NstkC&dq=%22microcurrent%22++beauty&pg=PA160) ) ^ (#cite_ref-30) Jelena R. "Everything you should know about microcurrent facial treatments" (https://www.foreo.com/mysa/microcurrent-facial-treatments-whats-the-buzz/) . MYSA . Retrieved 2023-11-09 . ^ a b Jeanine Connor, Sheila Godfrey, Gil Milsom, BTEC National Beauty Therapy Sciences , Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-46243-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-46243-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-46243-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-46243-7) , 381 pages ( page 197 (https://books.google.com/books?id=UmrA2gcRg_sC&q=high+frequency&pg=PT204) ) ^ (#cite_ref-32) Susan Cressy, The beauty therapy fact file , Edition 4, Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-45142-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-45142-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-45142-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45142-4) , Length 469 pages ( page 153 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQLBU87NstkC&dq=%22high+frequency%22+beauty&pg=PA153) ) ^ (#cite_ref-33) Jeanine Connor, Sheila Godfrey, Gil Milsom, BTEC National Beauty Therapy Sciences , Publisher Heinemann, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-46243-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-46243-1) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-46243-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-46243-7) , 381 pages ( page 238 (https://books.google.com/books?id=UmrA2gcRg_sC&dq=electrotherapy%20faradic%20beauty&pg=PT245) ) ^ (#cite_ref-34) Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages. Chapter 5. "Facial and Body Electrotherapy Treatments" ( page 132 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&q=faradic&pg=PA132) ) ^ (#cite_ref-khandpur2003p774_35-0) R.S. Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation , 2nd Ed., Publisher Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2003, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-07-047355-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-047355-2) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-07-047355-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-047355-3) , 944 pages ( page 774 (https://books.google.com/books?id=C-rbT_c69oUC&dq=electrotherapy%20faradic%20milliamps&pg=PA774) ) ^ (#cite_ref-nanda2008p101_36-0) Basanta Kumar Nanda, Electrotherapy Simplified , Publisher Jaypee Brothers Publishers (2008), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 81-8448-261-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-8448-261-2) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8448-261-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8448-261-4) . 548 pages ( page 101 (https://books.google.com/books?id=FfXl4NjxYfkC&dq=electrotherapy%20faradic&pg=PT122) ) ^ (#cite_ref-facman21_37-0) "Introduction, Facial Electrical Manual , The Carlton Institute. 23 pages. (Page 21) ^ (#cite_ref-38) Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 , Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages ( page 107 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQ3Nwv2_4AC&dq=%22micro-current%22%20%20therapy%20cosmetic&pg=PA108) ) ^ a b c Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4080-1928-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4080-1928-0) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781408019283 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408019283) , 496 pages. Chapter 8: "Electrical treatments" ( page 237 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2a0YlyZv1fIC&dq=electrotherapy%20Micro-current%20beauty%20%22direct%20current%22%20microamps&pg=PA237) ) ^ (#cite_ref-40) F-903 Micro Current Machine User Guide, page 5 ( online (http://issuu.com/danster/docs/f-903_english) ) ^ (#cite_ref-41) Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3, 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4080-1928-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4080-1928-0) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781408019283 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408019283) , 496 pages. Chapter 8: "Electrical treatments" ( page 291 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2a0YlyZv1fIC&q=Micro-current&pg=PA294) ) ^ (#cite_ref-42) Catherine M. Frangie, Arlene Alpert, Margrit Attenburg, Diane Carol Bailey, Milady's Standard Cosmetology , Publisher Cengage Learning, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4180-4935-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4180-4935-2) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4180-4935-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-4935-5) , 897 pages ( page 585 (https://books.google.com/books?id=w-_gY5nvJEEC&dq=Desincrustation&pg=PA585) ) ^ (#cite_ref-43) Duchenne GBA, Archives Génerales de Médicine , May 1851 ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Medical News, Thursday, August 28th 1851", The Lancet , Volume 2, Publisher Elsevier, 1851 ( page 240 (https://books.google.com/books?id=pBhAAAAAcAAJ&q=faradism&pg=PA240) ) ^ (#cite_ref-45) Sheila Kitchen, Sarah Bazin, "Section F. Low Frequency Currents", Electrotherapy: evidence-based practice, Volume 1 , edition 11, Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences, 2002, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-443-07216-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-443-07216-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-443-07216-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-07216-1) , 347 pages ( page 234 (https://books.google.com/books?id=mpcAXLniDykC&q=galvanic&pg=PA234) ) ^ (#cite_ref-46) Reference in quote to: Kloth LC, Cummings JP, Electrotherapeutic Terminology in Physical Therapy , 1991, Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association. ^ (#cite_ref-47) Sheila Kitchen, Sarah Bazin, "Section F. Low Frequency Currents", Electrotherapy: evidence-based practice, Volume 1 , edition 11, Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences, 2002, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-443-07216-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-443-07216-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-443-07216-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-07216-1) , 347 pages ( page 242 (https://books.google.com/books?id=mpcAXLniDykC&dq=electrotherapy%20galvanic&pg=PA242) ) ^ (#cite_ref-48) See also: Electrotherapeutic Terminology in Physical Therapy (http://iweb.apta.org/purchase/productdetail.aspx?product_code=p-72&LI=0) , 2000, American Physical Therapy Association, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-887759-88-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887759-88-5) , 60 pages Bibliography [ edit ] Lorraine Nordmann, Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3 , 4th Edition, Publisher Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4080-1928-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4080-1928-0) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781408019283 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408019283) , 496 pages. Chapter 8: "Electrical treatments" Dawn Mernagh-Ward, Jennifer Cartwright, Health and beauty therapy: a practical approach for NVQ level 3 Edition 3, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9035-7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-9035-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-9035-7) , 420 pages. Chapter 5. "Facial and Body Electrotherapy Treatments" John Low, Ann Reed, Ann Reed (SRP.), Electrotherapy explained: principles and practice (http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/product.jsp?sid=EHS_US_BS-SPE-445&isbn=9780750688437&lid=EHS_US_BS-DIS-3&iid=) , 4th Edition, Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7506-8843-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-8843-7) . 564 pages. Basanta Kumar Nanda, Electrotherapy Simplified , Publisher Jaypee Brothers Publishers (2008), ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 81-8448-261-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-8448-261-2) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-8448-261-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8448-261-4) . 548 pages External links [ edit ] BABTAC, British Association of Beauty Therapy and Cosmetology website: Galvanic Treatments (http://www.babtac.com/galvanic-treatments/) | " Galvanic Cellulite Treatments (http://www.babtac.com/galvanic-cellulite-treatments/) " Electrotherapy Museum (http://www.electrotherapymuseum.com/) website v t e Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Face Anti-aging cream (/wiki/Anti-aging_cream) BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) Botulinum toxin (Botox) (/wiki/Botulinum_toxin) CC cream (/wiki/CC_cream) Concealer (/wiki/Concealer) Cotton pad (/wiki/Cotton_pad) Cleanser (/wiki/Cleanser) DD cream (/wiki/DD_cream) Facial (/wiki/Facial) Facial toning (/wiki/Facial_toning) Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) Highlighter (/wiki/Highlighter_(cosmetics)) Moist towelette (/wiki/Moist_towelette) Moisturizer (/wiki/Moisturizer) Permanent makeup (/wiki/Permanent_makeup) Primer (/wiki/Primer_(cosmetics)) Powder (/wiki/Face_powder) Rouge (/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)) Toner (/wiki/Toner_(skin_care)) Venetian ceruse (/wiki/Venetian_ceruse) Lips Lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) Balm (/wiki/Lip_balm) Gloss (/wiki/Lip_gloss) Liner (/wiki/Lip_liner) Stain (/wiki/Lip_stain) Eyes Blepharoplasty (/wiki/Blepharoplasty) Circle contact lens (/wiki/Circle_contact_lens) Eyelash extensions (/wiki/Eyelash_extensions) Eyelid glue (/wiki/Eyelid_glue) Eye liner (/wiki/Eye_liner) Eye shadow (/wiki/Eye_shadow) Kohl (/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)) Mascara (/wiki/Mascara) Hair Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Hair coloring and bleaching (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) shaving (/wiki/Shaving) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Sindoor (/wiki/Sindoor) Styling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) pomade (/wiki/Pomade) spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Nails Artificial nails (/wiki/Artificial_nails) Buffing (/wiki/Nail_buffing) Manicure (/wiki/Manicure) Nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) Pedicure (/wiki/Pedicure) Body Cold cream (/wiki/Cold_cream) Lotion (/wiki/Lotion) Peeling (/wiki/Exfoliation_(cosmetology)) Plastic surgery (/wiki/Plastic_surgery) Skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) Sunless tanning (/wiki/Sunless_tanning) Related Cosmetic electrotherapy Cosmetic ingredients (/wiki/Ingredients_of_cosmetics) Cosmetics advertising (/wiki/Cosmetics_advertising) Cosmetic packaging (/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging) Cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) History of cosmetics (/wiki/History_of_cosmetics) Cosmetic industry (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) Male cosmetics (/wiki/Male_cosmetics) Major cosmetic brands Ahava (/wiki/Ahava) Almay (/wiki/Almay) Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) Aqua Net (/wiki/Aqua_Net) Artistry (/wiki/Artistry_(cosmetics)) Aveda (/wiki/Aveda) Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) Bath & Body Works (/wiki/Bath_%26_Body_Works) Benefit (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) Biotherm (/wiki/Biotherm) Bite Beauty (/wiki/BITE_Beauty) Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) Bonne Bell (/wiki/Bonne_Bell) Bumble and bumble (/wiki/Bumble_and_bumble) Burt's Bees (/wiki/Burt%27s_Bees) Carol's Daughter (/wiki/Carol%27s_Daughter) Clarins (/wiki/Clarins) Clinique (/wiki/Clinique) Coty (/wiki/Coty) ColourPop Cosmetics (/wiki/ColourPop_Cosmetics) CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) Creme 21 (/wiki/Creme_21) Cutex (/wiki/Cutex) Daigaku Honyaku Center (/wiki/Daigaku_Honyaku_Center) Dermacol (/wiki/Dermacol) Douglas (/wiki/Douglas_(cosmetics)) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. 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Dress A fit and flare dress is a dress (/wiki/Dress) silhouette featuring a fitted upper body (the "fit") and a full skirt (the "flare"). [1] (#cite_note-lady-1) A 1954 Christian Dior gown and evening glove (/wiki/Evening_glove) with a fit and flare silhouette. Description [ edit ] Like the A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) silhouette, fit and flare dresses feature a fitted upper body and a wide hem. Both silhouettes flatter a wide variety of body types. The difference between the styles is that the fit and flare necessarily includes a fitted waistline while the A-line silhouette does not. [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] The origins of the fit and flare dress can be traced to the 1930s (/wiki/1930s_in_fashion) with the move away from the drop-waist silhouette of the 1920s (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) . [ citation needed ] The fit and flare silhouette is linked to Christian Dior's (/wiki/Christian_Dior) "New LooK" of a cinched waist and full skirt that became popular in the post-war (/wiki/Post-war) decades. [1] (#cite_note-lady-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Fit and flare dresses allowed women to show off the hourglass figure that was in vogue in the era. The flattering nature of the silhouette has ensured its popularity into the present day. [3] (#cite_note-sf-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b "The History of the Fit and Flare Dress" (https://lady.co.uk/history-fit-and-flare-dress) . Lady . Retrieved 25 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Borrelli-Persson, Laird (30 September 2016). "Christian Dior's Most Famous Silhouettes in Vogue" (https://www.vogue.com/article/christian-dior-archival-looks) . Vogue . Retrieved 25 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-sf_3-0) "How to Find Your Perfect Dress" (https://www.stitchfix.com/women/blog/fashion-tips/your-perfect-dress/) . Stitch Fix . Retrieved 25 October 2020 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fit_and_flare&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fit_and_flare&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tvjqt Cached time: 20240713180224 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.225 seconds Real time usage: 0.329 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 779/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15224/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1445/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19787/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.147/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3747417/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 294.281 1 -total 37.50% 110.348 1 Template:Reflist 28.28% 83.218 3 Template:Cite_web 20.74% 61.027 1 Template:Clothing-stub 20.72% 60.980 2 Template:Asbox 20.70% 60.923 1 Template:Short_description 19.00% 55.904 2 Template:Citation_needed 16.67% 49.065 2 Template:Fix 12.59% 37.046 2 Template:Pagetype 7.64% 22.493 4 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65671333-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713180224 and revision id 1181680613. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fit_and_flare&oldid=1181680613 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fit_and_flare&oldid=1181680613) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to America's Next Top Model (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . This category includes all things related to America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . For the entire series franchise, see Top Model series (/wiki/Top_Model_series) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. A America's Next Top Model contestants (/wiki/Category:America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) (1 C, 29 P) E America's Next Top Model episode redirects to lists (/wiki/Category:America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episode_redirects_to_lists) (3 P) Pages in category " America's Next Top Model " The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) A America's Next Top Model season 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) America's Next Top Model season 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) America's Next Top Model season 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) America's Next Top Model season 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) America's Next Top Model season 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) America's Next Top Model season 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) America's Next Top Model season 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) America's Next Top Model season 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) America's Next Top Model season 9 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) America's Next Top Model season 10 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) America's Next Top Model season 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) America's Next Top Model season 12 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_12) America's Next Top Model season 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_13) America's Next Top Model season 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) America's Next Top Model season 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) America's Next Top Model season 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) List of America's Next Top Model episodes (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) America's Next Top Model season 17 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_17) America's Next Top Model season 18 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_18) America's Next Top Model season 19 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_19) America's Next Top Model season 20 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_20) America's Next Top Model season 21 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_21) America's Next Top Model season 22 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_22) America's Next Top Model season 23 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_23) America's Next Top Model season 24 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_24) B Kenya Barris (/wiki/Kenya_Barris) M Modelville (/wiki/Modelville) T True Beauty (American TV series) (/wiki/True_Beauty_(American_TV_series)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:America%27s_Next_Top_Model&oldid=1144573994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:America%27s_Next_Top_Model&oldid=1144573994) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American reality television series (/wiki/Category:American_reality_television_series) Top Model (/wiki/Category:Top_Model) The CW original programming (/wiki/Category:The_CW_original_programming) UPN original programming (/wiki/Category:UPN_original_programming) VH1 original programming (/wiki/Category:VH1_original_programming) Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Wikipedia categories named after American television series (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_American_television_series)
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American ready-to-wear fashion brand Vaquera is an American (/wiki/American_culture) ready-to-wear fashion label. [1] (#cite_note-1) The label was founded by Patric DiCaprio and Bryn Taubensee. Vaquera was nominated for the 2017 Edition of the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund. [2] (#cite_note-2) Vaquera is known for its dadaist (/wiki/Dadaist) , D.I.Y. (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) sensibilities and "fashion fan fiction" pieces such as the Tiffany and Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) bag dress, loose, oversized garments, and bra t-shirts. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since its inceptions, presentations frequently feature models running down the runway. [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The label was founded in 2013 by Alabama-born Patric DiCaprio, with co-designers Bryn Taubensee, Claire Sully and David Moses working alongside the brand throughout the 2010s. [5] (#cite_note-5) Bryn Taubensee has stayed as the brand's co-creative director. [6] (#cite_note-6) Emma Wyman is the brand's stylist and Walter Pearce is the brand's casting director. Devotees of the label include Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Tessa Thompson (/wiki/Tessa_Thompson) , Travis Barker (/wiki/Travis_Barker) , Emily Ratajkowski (/wiki/Emily_Ratajkowski) , Ella Emhoff (/wiki/Ella_Emhoff) , Tess McMillan, Jacob Bixenman (/wiki/Jacob_Bixenman) , and Sam Penn. [7] (#cite_note-7) Collaborators [ edit ] Vaquera periodically collaborates with various arts and culture entities. In June 2017, the brand collaborated with Hulu's (/wiki/Hulu) The Handmaid's Tale to create a runway collection. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2020, Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) New York hosted the designers’ February runway show and subsequently joined Dover's Paris-based showroom-cum-incubator which also includes Eli Russell Linnetz, Rassvet, and Honey Fucking Dijon. [9] (#cite_note-9) ^ (#cite_ref-1) AnOther (2019-02-14). "Vaquera: Has New York's Most Exciting Young Brand Come of Age?" (https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/11495/vaquera-has-new-yorks-most-exciting-young-brand-come-of-age) . AnOther . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Schneier, Matthew (2018-10-18). "The Graduates" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/18/fashion/vaquera-designers.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Seward, Mahoro. "The meteoric rise of Vaquera" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/epzb5p/vaquera-ultra-issue-cover) . i-d.vice.com . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Internet's Obsessed With This Vaquera Model's Angsty Walk" (https://www.papermag.com/vaquera-viral-runway-2644816548.html) . PAPER . 2020-01-15 . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dazed (2018-04-04). "An oral history of Vaquera, the label fuelled by chaos" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/39576/1/vaquera-interview-spring-2018-oral-history) . Dazed . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Seward, Mahoro. "The meteoric rise of Vaquera" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/epzb5p/vaquera-ultra-issue-cover) . i-d.vice.com . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Introducing Vaquera: The Buzzy New York Brand Making Riotous Clothing" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a42710910/introducing-vaquera/) . ELLE . 2023-02-01 . Retrieved 2023-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) AnOther (2019-02-14). "Vaquera: Has New York's Most Exciting Young Brand Come of Age?" (https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/11495/vaquera-has-new-yorks-most-exciting-young-brand-come-of-age) . AnOther . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Schneier, Matthew (2020-09-03). "An Independent Collective Gets a Lifeline" (https://www.thecut.com/2020/09/an-independent-fashion-collective-gets-a-lifeline.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . 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Fashion brand Pop & Suki Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Founders Poppy Jamie (/wiki/Poppy_Jamie) , Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) , Leo Seigal Website popandsuki (http://popandsuki.com) .com (http://popandsuki.com) Pop & Suki is a fashion accessories brand by friends Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) and Poppy Jamie (/wiki/Poppy_Jamie) . The direct-to-consumer brand focuses on personalization and uses playful, minimal, girly designs and a signature "millennial pink" color. Its main item is the camera bag, a handbag modeled on the fanny pack (/wiki/Fanny_pack) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand launched online in November 2016 and has since hosted a pop-up shop and multiple collections. It is particularly popular among celebrities and on Instagram, in part based on Waterhouse's influence. Brand [ edit ] Pop & Suki is a direct-to-consumer, millennial fashion accessories brand. Its focus on personalization—including monograms, changeable straps, and add-on charms—is meant to evoke girl power (/wiki/Girl_power) and the love of close friendship. Its designs are meant to be "fun, playful, [and] versatile", [2] (#cite_note-PHK-2) with minimal, pastel, girly accessories at accessible prices. [3] (#cite_note-Pieri-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand's signature color is a light "millennial pink". [5] (#cite_note-Montereale-5) Their bags are inspired by vintage and Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) collections. [3] (#cite_note-Pieri-3) Their main item is the camera bag, [5] (#cite_note-Montereale-5) a five-in-one handbag modeled on the fanny pack (/wiki/Fanny_pack) . [6] (#cite_note-Griffith-6) Pop & Suki treats Instagram as its storefront, before its own website. While their sales conversion data is murky, they believe their social media work drives significant traffic to their website. As of 2018, the company used little digital advertising and pays influencers in gifts. [7] (#cite_note-McCoole-7) History [ edit ] Model–actress Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) and her best friend, Poppy Jamie (/wiki/Poppy_Jamie) , started the fashion accessories brand Pop & Suki as newcomers to Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . The brand's signature pink is based on the Emilia Wickstead (/wiki/Emilia_Wickstead) outfit Waterhouse wore when she first met Jamie in Los Angeles. Their friend Leo Seigal was brought in as co-founder and CEO. [2] (#cite_note-PHK-2) Waterhouse described her and Jamie as being scattered before Seigal's vision tied their ideas together. Pop & Suki launched online in November 2016. [6] (#cite_note-Griffith-6) The brand hosted its first physical retail as a pop-up shop in Culver City's The Platform (/wiki/Platform_(shopping_center)) in March and April 2017. [6] (#cite_note-Griffith-6) In addition to their spring collection, the pop-up shop included sardine tin candles, nail polish, and iPhone cases. [8] (#cite_note-8) The shop was designed by British architect Samuel Douek to be minimal, industrial, pink, and versatile enough to travel to New York and London later that year. [6] (#cite_note-Griffith-6) Pop & Suki found immediate popularity among celebrities. Its launch, hosted at Mel's Diner (/wiki/Mel%27s_Drive-In) in Los Angeles, attracted what Prestige Hong Kong (/wiki/Prestige_Hong_Kong) described as "today's fashion/social media royalty": Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) , Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , and Georgia May Jagger (/wiki/Georgia_May_Jagger) . Even prior, stars including Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) , Lena Dunham (/wiki/Lena_Dunham) , and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) were seen with Pop & Suki handbags. The brand was helped by Waterhouse's own outsized celebrity, friend network, and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) influence, having modeled for major fashion houses (/wiki/Fashion_houses) , major fashion magazines, and acted in multiple Hollywood films. They also credited the 2017 women's movement (/wiki/Women%27s_movement) with inspiration and business momentum. Pop & Suki officially launched at the November 2018 Shanghai Fashion Week (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-PHK-2) Celebrities with Pop & Suki accessories have since included Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) [9] (#cite_note-9) and Pippa Middleton (/wiki/Pippa_Middleton) . [10] (#cite_note-10) They launched their second collection (Spring 2017) with a soiree at Sunset Tower (/wiki/Sunset_Tower) and a short film collaboration with Kodak (/wiki/Kodak) . Pop & Suki, in reference to their classic camera bag, designed a limited edition case for Kodak's Ektra (/wiki/Ektra) smartphone in the brand's signature millennial pink. [5] (#cite_note-Montereale-5) In a March 2017 collaboration with the luggage company Away (/wiki/Away_(luggage)) , Pop & Suki released a millennial pink version of the company's standard suitcases. The bags were popular on Instagram and sold out quickly. They were restocked later that year. [11] (#cite_note-11) Business [ edit ] Pop & Suki reported $2.5 million in revenue in 2017 and expected to reach profitability in the last quarter of 2018. The company also planned an expansion into Hong Kong and wholesale accounts. [7] (#cite_note-McCoole-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McCoole, Veena (August 14, 2018). "Decoding Pop & Suki's Instagram-Fueled Growth Strategy" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/veenamccoole/2018/08/14/decoding-pop-sukis-instagram-fueled-growth-strategy/) . Forbes . Retrieved September 9, 2020 . ^ a b c Zhang, Jing (November 1, 2018). "Hanging Out with California Girls Suki Waterhouse and Poppy Jamie" (https://www.prestigeonline.com/hk/people-events/hanging-california-girls-suki-waterhouse-poppy-jamie/) . Prestige Hong Kong (/wiki/Prestige_Hong_Kong) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ a b Pieri, Kerry (November 4, 2016). "Suki Waterhouse and Poppy Jamie Are Bringing It Brit Style To The Masses" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a18575/pop-and-suki/) . Harper's BAZAAR (/wiki/Harper%27s_BAZAAR) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wilmer, Anjerika (October 7, 2016). "The It Girl-Approved Accessory Line Was Made for BFFs" (https://www.brit.co/pop-and-suki-handbag-line/) . Brit + Co (/wiki/Brit_%2B_Co) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ a b c Montereale, Allia Alliata di (April 20, 2017). "Courtney Love, Robert Pattinson, and more attend Pop & Suki's Spring Soiree" (https://www.vogue.com/article/pop-and-suki-spring-summer-2017-collection-kodak-premiere-sunset-tower) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ a b c d Griffith, Carson (March 22, 2017). "Suki Waterhouse and Poppy Jamie Launch A Movable Pop-up Shop" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/suki-waterhouse-and-poppy-jamie-pop-up-shop) . Architectural Digest (/wiki/Architectural_Digest) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ a b McCoole, Veena (August 14, 2018). "Decoding Pop & Suki's Instagram-Fueled Growth Strategy" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/veenamccoole/2018/08/14/decoding-pop-sukis-instagram-fueled-growth-strategy/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Reed, Sam (March 16, 2017). "Shop Talk: Pop & Suki Head to Culver City; Nike Air Max's Anniversary Pop-Up" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/shop-talk-pop-suki-head-culver-city-nike-air-maxs-anniversary-pop-up-986895) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Eshaghpour, Nicole Akhtarzad (July 7, 2019). "Beyoncé: Queen of the Universe and Champion of Emerging Brands" (https://www.whowhatwear.com/beyonce-style-cult-gaia-by-far-marine-serre) . Who What Wear . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Liao, Marina (March 1, 2019). "Pippa Middleton Took a Stroll With Her Son and Her Favorite Bag" (https://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/a22985957/pippa-middleton-pop-and-suki-handbag/) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Coscarelli, Alyssa (October 10, 2017). "How To Get The Tumblr Pink Suitcase That's All Over Instagram" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/03/144167/away-pop-and-suki-pink-suitcase-collaboration) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved January 20, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.popandsuki.com/) Pop & Suki (https://www.instagram.com/popandsuki/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐6z4zl Cached time: 20240705154659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.324 seconds Real time usage: 0.413 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4033/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27393/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1714/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44680/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6092001/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 391.384 1 -total 37.35% 146.183 1 Template:Reflist 32.29% 126.384 11 Template:Cite_web 21.84% 85.479 1 Template:Infobox_company 19.35% 75.732 1 Template:Infobox 15.21% 59.510 1 Template:Short_description 10.96% 42.885 9 Template:R 9.14% 35.775 9 Template:R/ref 9.07% 35.498 2 Template:Pagetype 6.45% 25.244 1 Template:Instagram Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52762013-0!canonical and timestamp 20240705154659 and revision id 1208856098. 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Algerian-French fashion designer and creative director (born 1983) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Faiza_Bouguessa&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Faiza+Bouguessa&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Faiza+Bouguessa) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Faiza_Bouguessa) for suggestions. ( November 2023 ) Faiza Bouguessa (born 1983) [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) is an Algerian-French (/wiki/Algerians_in_France) fashion designer and creative director. She is the founder of Bouguessa , a fashion brand which aims to familiarize modest clothing while being eco-friendly. Early life and education [ edit ] Faiza Bouguessa was born in France to Algerian parents. [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) She grew up in France, around women who were passionate about fashion and design. [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) Her grandmother was a seamstress, and Faiza's first introduction to garment making was in her early years while spending time with her grandmother, who taught her the basics of knitting and sewing. [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Her mother encouraged her to become a fashion designer from a young age. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) Bouguessa took numerous internships in tailor shops while studying English literature at Jean Moulin university (/wiki/Jean_Moulin_University_Lyon_3) in Lyon (/wiki/Lyon) from 2002 until 2004. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Throughout these internships, she learned the basics of pattern making and developed an understanding for fabric characteristics. She was unable to attend fashion school due to financial restraints. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) While slowly building her brand and position into the fashion world, she was a fashion stylist for Freelance in Dubai (2010 - 2013) and also part of the cabin crew for the airline Emirates (/wiki/Emirates_(airline)) in Dubai (2006-2012). [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Career [ edit ] With Roland Mouret's (/wiki/Roland_Mouret) help as a mentor, [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) and drawing on her love of her French-Algerian heritage and values, Bouguessa founded her brand, Bouguessa, in her studio in Dubai Design District (/wiki/Dubai_Design_District) in 2014. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) She had met Mouret through a mentoring program with the Dubai Fashion and Design Council. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The clothing brand initially sold abayas, [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) before expanding to garments such as dresses, shirts, trousers and coats. The main objective behind the brand is to promote sustainability within clothing [9] (#cite_note-9) by integrating a cross-cultural communication and acceptance towards modest fashion and to ensure women of backgrounds and sizes to feel confident and comfortable in her clothing. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Bouguessa aims to achieve these aims by taking a minimalist approach to wardrobe staples, [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) with "soft hues and clean lines," [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) and drawing inspiration from clothing such as kaftans (/wiki/Kaftan) , and abayas (/wiki/Abaya) to bridge the gap between cultures. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [11] (#cite_note-11) The brand releases four collections each year. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) The brand made an appearance at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) in 2015. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Bouguessa's designs grew immensely in popularity when Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) wore a piece by Bouguessa for a photoshoot in 2017. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [12] (#cite_note-12) The piece sold out nearly instantly. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 2018, some of Bouguessa's designs were included in an exhibit on contemporary Muslim fashion curated by the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museums_of_San_Francisco) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2021, Bouguessa was ranked 29th in Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) ' list of 40 Women Behind Middle Eastern Brands; [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) the next year, she was ranked 26th on their 30 Women Behind Middle Eastern Brands list. [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Bougessa is married. [2] (#cite_note-:7-2) [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Minthe, Caterina (April 27, 2014). "Stylish, Modern Abayas: Bouguessa | Style.com/Arabia" (https://en.vogue.me/archive/faces_of_fashion/on-our-radar-bouguessa-stylish-modern-abayas-by-faiza-bouguessa/) . Vogue Arabia . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b c d Scarborough, Eliza (2018-03-13). "15 Minutes With… Faiza Bouguessa" (https://aeworld.com/fashion/15-minutes-faiza-bouguessa-designer-reveals-secrets-stylish-life/) . A&E Magazine . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b c d e f g Knutsen, Elisa (2018-06-09). "Beyoncé-worn brand Bouguessa is ideal for an elegant Eid" (https://www.arabnews.com/node/1318501/fashion) . Arab News . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b c Mughal, Waqar. "Faiza Bouguessa - Women Behind Brands 2021" (https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lists/40-women-behind-middle-eastern-brands-2021/faiza-bouguessa/) . Forbes Lists . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b Stewart, Gracie (2018-11-27). "Faiza Bouguessa On The Global Appeal Of The Abaya | Fashion" (https://mojeh.com/fashion/faiza-bouguessa-on-the-global-appeal-of-the-abaya-and-the-middle-eastern-fashion-scene/) . MOJEH . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b Sessions, Amy (2020-09-09). "The perfect cut – Faiza Bouguessa" (https://emirateswoman.com/perfect-cut-faiza-bouguessa/) . Emirates Woman . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b "Redefine elegance with Faiza Bouguessa" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/she/redefine-elegance-with-faiza-bouguessa) . Khaleej Times . February 25, 2021 . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b "In the office with... Faiza Bouguessa, Founder of BOUGUESSA" (https://emirateswoman.com/in-the-office-with-faiza-bouguessa-founder-of-bouguessa/) . Emirates Woman . 2022-05-17 . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Faiza Bouguessa's Pledge For The Planet" (https://graziamagazine.com/me/articles/faiza-bouguessas-pledge-for-the-planet/) . Grazia Middle East . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ a b "The Fashion Interview: Faiza Bouguessa" (https://sheerluxe.com/fashion/the-fashion-interview-faiza-bouguessa) . SheerLuxe . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Bouguessa Make Modest Fashion Clothes That Don't Compromise on an Iota of Style" (https://officialbespoke.co/faiza-bouguessa/) . Official Bespoke . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ghanem, Khaoula (August 22, 2017). "Beyoncé's Velvet Bouguessa Robe is Already Sold Out" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/beyonce-wears-bouguessa-emerald-green-robe/) . Vogue Magazine : 117–121. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "First Friday: Textile Traditions in Contemporary Muslim Fashions" (https://textilesocietyofamerica.org/10139/first-friday-textile-traditions-in-contemporary-muslim-fashions) . textilesocietyofamerica.org . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mughal, Waqar. "Faiza Bouguessa - Women Behind Middle Eastern Brands 2022" (https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lists/30-women-behind-middle-eastern-brands-2022/faiza-bouguessa/) . Forbes Lists . Retrieved 2023-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "24 Hours With Dubai-based Fashion Designer Faiza Bouguessa" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/art/news/24-hours-with-dubai-based-fashion-designer-faiza-bouguessa) . Harper's Bazaar Arabia . August 4, 2019 . Retrieved November 17, 2023 . 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French women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) France portal (/wiki/Portal:France) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) . It includes French fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "French women fashion designers" The following 96 pages are in this category, out of 96 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Gaby Aghion (/wiki/Gaby_Aghion) Agnès b. (/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_b.) Adeline André (/wiki/Adeline_Andr%C3%A9) Hélène Arpels (/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Arpels) B Anne Marie Beretta (/wiki/Anne_Marie_Beretta) Augusta Bernard (/wiki/Augusta_Bernard) Rose Bertin (/wiki/Rose_Bertin) Faiza Bouguessa (/wiki/Faiza_Bouguessa) Coco Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Coco_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Georgina Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Georgina_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Vanessa Bruno (/wiki/Vanessa_Bruno) Marie-Louise Bruyère (/wiki/Marie-Louise_Bruy%C3%A8re) C Callot Soeurs (/wiki/Callot_Soeurs) Marie-Louise Carven (/wiki/Marie-Louise_Carven) Jean-Charles de Castelbajac (/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Castelbajac) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) Marcelle Chaumont (/wiki/Marcelle_Chaumont) Louise Chéruit (/wiki/Louise_Ch%C3%A9ruit) Marie-Françoise Corot (/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Corot) Coqueline Courrèges (/wiki/Coqueline_Courr%C3%A8ges) Louise Crombach (/wiki/Louise_Crombach) D Lilly Daché (/wiki/Lilly_Dach%C3%A9) Jeanne Damas (/wiki/Jeanne_Damas) Loulou de la Falaise (/wiki/Loulou_de_la_Falaise) Inès de La Fressange (/wiki/In%C3%A8s_de_La_Fressange) Kostio de War (/wiki/Kostio_de_War) Zahia Dehar (/wiki/Zahia_Dehar) Marcelle Dormoy (/wiki/Marcelle_Dormoy) E Ece Ege (/wiki/Ece_Ege) Madame Eloffe (/wiki/Madame_Eloffe) F Nicole Farhi (/wiki/Nicole_Farhi) Mademoiselle Félicie (/wiki/Mademoiselle_F%C3%A9licie) Anne Fontaine (designer) (/wiki/Anne_Fontaine_(designer)) Maud Frizon (/wiki/Maud_Frizon) G Katell Gélébart (/wiki/Katell_G%C3%A9l%C3%A9bart) Grès (/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s) Madame Grès (/wiki/Madame_Gr%C3%A8s) H Sophie Habsburg (/wiki/Sophie_Habsburg) Anne Valérie Hash (/wiki/Anne_Val%C3%A9rie_Hash) Madame Herbault (/wiki/Madame_Herbault) J Marianne James (/wiki/Marianne_James) Bouchra Jarrar (/wiki/Bouchra_Jarrar) K Emmanuelle Khanh (/wiki/Emmanuelle_Khanh) L Madame Laferrière (/wiki/Madame_Laferri%C3%A8re) Madeleine Laferrière (/wiki/Madeleine_Laferri%C3%A8re) Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) Germaine Lecomte (/wiki/Germaine_Lecomte) Lolita Lempicka (/wiki/Lolita_Lempicka) Julie de Libran (/wiki/Julie_de_Libran) M Madame Agnès (/wiki/Madame_Agn%C3%A8s) Madame Palmyre (/wiki/Madame_Palmyre) Madame Victorine (/wiki/Madame_Victorine) Madame Vignon (/wiki/Madame_Vignon) Mademoiselle Alexandre (/wiki/Mademoiselle_Alexandre) Mademoiselle Pagelle (/wiki/Mademoiselle_Pagelle) Catherine Malandrino (/wiki/Catherine_Malandrino) Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) Jeanne Margaine-Lacroix (/wiki/Jeanne_Margaine-Lacroix) Marie Madeleine Duchapt (/wiki/Marie_Madeleine_Duchapt) Maripol (/wiki/Maripol) Natacha Marro (/wiki/Natacha_Marro) Sophie Mechaly (/wiki/Sophie_Mechaly) Simone Mirman (/wiki/Simone_Mirman) Caroline Montagne Roux (/wiki/Caroline_Montagne_Roux) Germaine Monteil (/wiki/Germaine_Monteil) N Henriette Negrin (/wiki/Henriette_Negrin) P Jeanne Paquin (/wiki/Jeanne_Paquin) Christine Phung (/wiki/Christine_Phung) Paloma Picasso (/wiki/Paloma_Picasso) Lola Prusac (/wiki/Lola_Prusac) R Caroline Reboux (/wiki/Caroline_Reboux) Jane Régny (/wiki/Jane_R%C3%A9gny) Cécile Reinaud (/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Reinaud) Rose Repetto (/wiki/Rose_Repetto) Jacqueline de Ribes (/wiki/Jacqueline_de_Ribes) Nina Ricci (designer) (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(designer)) Julia Restoin Roitfeld (/wiki/Julia_Restoin_Roitfeld) Michèle Rosier (/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Rosier) Maggy Rouff (/wiki/Maggy_Rouff) Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) S Jenny Sacerdote (/wiki/Jenny_Sacerdote) Marine Serre (/wiki/Marine_Serre) Vanessa Seward (/wiki/Vanessa_Seward) Martine Sitbon (/wiki/Martine_Sitbon) Ginette Spanier (/wiki/Ginette_Spanier) T Sophie Theallet (/wiki/Sophie_Theallet) Tiktiner (/wiki/Tiktiner) Jeanne Toussaint (/wiki/Jeanne_Toussaint) Pauline Trigère (/wiki/Pauline_Trig%C3%A8re) V Nadège Vanhee-Cybulski (/wiki/Nad%C3%A8ge_Vanhee-Cybulski) Vera Borea (/wiki/Vera_Borea) Virginie Viard (/wiki/Virginie_Viard) Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) Madame Virot (/wiki/Madame_Virot) Y Yiqing Yin (/wiki/Yiqing_Yin) Betty Yokova (/wiki/Betty_Yokova) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797884 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797884) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) French women artists (/wiki/Category:French_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Female clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Female_clothing) . This category is for the clothing (/wiki/Clothing) of women (/wiki/Women) and girls (/wiki/Girls) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mgfq7 Cached time: 20240720165203 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.042 seconds Real time usage: 0.078 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2505/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 320/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946207/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 69.151 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 69.151 1 -total 97.71% 67.565 1 Template:Sister_project 95.64% 66.139 1 Template:Side_box 24.43% 16.894 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65673126-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165203 and revision id 1233683113. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. D Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) (5 C, 126 P) I Islamic female clothing (/wiki/Category:Islamic_female_clothing) (3 C, 36 P) L Lingerie (/wiki/Category:Lingerie) (6 C, 45 P) S Skirts (/wiki/Category:Skirts) (1 C, 73 P) Pages in category "Women's clothing" The following 79 pages are in this category, out of 79 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Angia (garment) (/wiki/Angia_(garment)) The Association for Women with Large Feet (/wiki/The_Association_for_Women_with_Large_Feet) B Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Basque (clothing) (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Bra (/wiki/Bra) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) List of bra designs (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Burusera (/wiki/Burusera) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) C Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) D Dhilja (/wiki/Dhilja) Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Dress (/wiki/Dress) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) F Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) French maid (/wiki/French_maid) G Gown (/wiki/Gown) H Halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Pratidhi (/wiki/Pratidhi) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) I Islamic veiling practices by country (/wiki/Islamic_veiling_practices_by_country) J Jagulfi (/wiki/Jagulfi) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) L Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) M Madhalla (/wiki/Madhalla) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Monpe (/wiki/Monpe) N Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nurmahali dress (/wiki/Nurmahali_dress) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) P Pannier (clothing) (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Peshwaj (/wiki/Peshwaj) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Poodle skirt (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Prairie dress (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Privilège du blanc (/wiki/Privil%C3%A8ge_du_blanc) S Salouva (/wiki/Salouva) Shaluka (/wiki/Shaluka) Shrug (clothing) (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) Slip (clothing) (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Slip dress (/wiki/Slip_dress) Spaghetti strap (/wiki/Spaghetti_strap) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Squaw dress (/wiki/Squaw_dress) Stanapatta (/wiki/Stanapatta) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Strapless dress (/wiki/Strapless_dress) T Tantour (/wiki/Tantour) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Teddy (garment) (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Trousers as women's clothing (/wiki/Trousers_as_women%27s_clothing) Tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) U Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) W Wedding of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Wedding_of_Anant_Ambani_and_Radhika_Merchant) Women's oversized fashion in the United States since the 1920s (/wiki/Women%27s_oversized_fashion_in_the_United_States_since_the_1920s) X Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Y Yalek (/wiki/Yalek) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Z Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women%27s_clothing&oldid=1233683113 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women%27s_clothing&oldid=1233683113) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Gender and clothing (/wiki/Category:Gender_and_clothing) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Department store in Manhattan, New York Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store General information Architectural style Neo-Renaissance Palazzo Location 611 and 623 Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) , Manhattan, New York Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 40°45′29″N 73°58′37″W / 40.75806°N 73.97694°W / 40.75806; -73.97694 Opened 1924 (611 Fifth Avenue) 1990 (623 Fifth Avenue) Owner Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) Design and construction Architect(s) Starrett & van Vleck (/wiki/Starrett_%26_van_Vleck) Lee Harris Pomeroy (/wiki/Lee_Harris_Pomeroy) Associates and Abramovitz (/wiki/Max_Abramovitz) Kingsland Schiff (expansion) Website www.saksfifthavenue.com (https://www.saksfifthavenue.com/locations/s/newyork) New York City Landmark (/wiki/New_York_City_Landmark) Designated December 29, 1984 Reference no. 1523 (http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1523.pdf) The Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store is a department store (/wiki/Department_store) on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) between 49th and 50th Streets (/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)) in Midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) , New York City. The original 10-story structure at 611 Fifth Avenue has served as the flagship store (/wiki/Flagship_store) of Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) since its completion in 1924. The store also occupies part of 623 Fifth Avenue , a 36-story tower completed in 1990. The original Saks Fifth Avenue Building was designed by Starrett & van Vleck (/wiki/Starrett_%26_van_Vleck) in the classical style. It contains a facade made of Indiana limestone, brick, and cast-stone, with chamfered (/wiki/Chamfer) corners on Fifth Avenue at 49th and 50th Streets. Saks Fifth Avenue was the first department store on Fifth Avenue to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution (/wiki/1916_Zoning_Resolution) , with setbacks (/wiki/Setback_(architecture)) on its upper floors. The tower addition at 623 Fifth Avenue was designed by Lee Harris Pomeroy (/wiki/Lee_Harris_Pomeroy) Associates and Abramovitz (/wiki/Max_Abramovitz) Kingsland Schiff. The tower is partially designed in the style of the original structure. The Saks Fifth Avenue Building was planned in the early 20th century by Horace Saks, head of Saks & Company (/wiki/Saks_%26_Company) , which had a flagship store at Herald Square (/wiki/Herald_Square) . The building was constructed from 1922 to 1924 as "Saks-Fifth Avenue", a joint venture between Saks and his cousin Bernard Gimbel (/wiki/Bernard_Gimbel) . Saks Fifth Avenue later became a department store chain in its own right, and the Fifth Avenue store became a flagship location. The original building became a New York City designated landmark (/wiki/New_York_City_designated_landmark) in 1984. The 623 Fifth Avenue tower annex was built shortly thereafter, providing additional space for the flagship store. Over the years, the store has undergone numerous modifications. Architecture [ edit ] Aerial view of 611 and 623 Fifth Avenue Saks Fifth Avenue spans two structures: 611 Fifth Avenue, built in 1924, and an extension at 623 Fifth Avenue – a 36-story tower built in 1990. Saks co-developed the tower and operates ten of its floors. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The building is abutted by 18 East 50th Street (/wiki/18_East_50th_Street) to the east. [2] (#cite_note-ZoLa-2) It is across 50th Street from St. Patrick's Cathedral (/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)) and across Fifth Avenue from the Rockefeller Center (/wiki/Rockefeller_Center) complex, both National Historic Landmarks. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) [2] (#cite_note-ZoLa-2) Within Rockefeller Center, the British Empire Building (/wiki/British_Empire_Building) and La Maison Francaise (/wiki/La_Maison_Francaise_(Rockefeller_Center)) are to the west and the International Building (/wiki/International_Building_(Rockefeller_Center)) is to the northwest; in addition, 608 Fifth Avenue (/wiki/608_Fifth_Avenue) is immediately to the southwest. [2] (#cite_note-ZoLa-2) The building makes up a part of Fifth Avenue's "streetwalls", rows of mid-rise buildings built in the early- to mid-1900s clad in limestone or beige brick. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission) designated the original structure as a city landmark because it contributed to this design aspect of Fifth Avenue. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The original structure was designed by Starrett & van Vleck (/wiki/Starrett_%26_van_Vleck) and constructed by the Cauldwell-Wingate Company, with numerous other engineers and contractors. [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91–92 Starrett & van Vleck created a classical exterior matching with the character of Fifth Avenue at the time, as prompted by the Fifth Avenue Association. The association granted the store its 1924 gold medal for "best new building of the year". [4] (#cite_note-nyht19241123-4) The architects created a modern interior for the department store and followed a new city zoning law (/wiki/1916_Zoning_Resolution) requiring setbacks for buildings' upper floors for Saks' administrative offices. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 4 The 36-story 623 Fifth Avenue was designed by a partnership between Lee Harris Pomeroy (/wiki/Lee_Harris_Pomeroy) Associates, hired by Swiss Bank Corporation (the initial building owners), and Abramovitz (/wiki/Max_Abramovitz) Kingsland Schiff (staff architects for Saks). [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The New York City Planning Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission) requested a height not much greater than the neighboring Newsweek Building, limiting its floor count and limiting ceiling heights to 8 feet, 8 inches. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The tower is often stated to have 36 stories, as the 37th and 38th floors just house mechanical equipment, as does floor 10. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The tower also has a basement loading level and sub-basement. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) Exterior [ edit ] Original building [ edit ] The 1924 building has ten stories, as well as three facades on 49th Street, Fifth Avenue, and 50th Street. The primary Fifth Avenue elevation is connected to the 49th and 50th Street elevations by chamfered (/wiki/Chamfer) corners, [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5–6 [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91 each with about 200 feet (61 m) of street frontage. [9] (#cite_note-Evening_World-9) The exterior utilizes Indiana limestone (/wiki/Indiana_limestone) , brick, and cast stone (/wiki/Cast_stone) . The design is a modest version of neoclassical buildings popular in the 1920s, reported at the time as inspired by the architecture of the late English Renaissance and by lesser-known 18th c. London buildings. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5 The three facades are nearly identical except for minor details at ground level. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5–6 Display windows at 5th Avenue and 49th Street at night At ground level, the facade is clad with rusticated (/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)) granite blocks and contains tall display windows. This first level is high-ceilinged; its exterior reads as 1.5 stories tall. The display windows are large plate glass sheets in bronze frames, with narrow sections of marble wall between each window. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5 Annually from October to December, these display windows contain holiday decorations. [10] (#cite_note-Moin_2020-10) On Fifth Avenue, the display windows span the block and are only interrupted by two entrances. The presence of twin entrances, while relatively rare for department stores, emphasizes the building's size and full-block Fifth Avenue frontage. The entranceways are rectangular, with carved spiral moldings and topped with a plain cornice. Sets of doors span the lower halves of the entrances, while the upper halves have windows set behind ornate metal grilles. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5 The 49th and 50th Street entrances have original metal canopies hung above the doorways. The canopies read "Saks & Company" between squares with quatrefoil designs; the canopy tops are decorated with a bronze frieze of urns and floral motifs. The eastern end of the 49th Street facade has a loading bay topped with an ornamental bronze cornice. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 6 The 49th Street loading bay was for receiving merchandise. A corresponding loading bay on 50th Street was used for shipping and contained an adjacent employee entrance. [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91 The main element of the facade is on its second and third floors – a 14- bay (/wiki/Bay_(architecture)) -wide order of fluted pilasters supporting an architrave (/wiki/Architrave) , all constructed of Indiana limestone. The design is flat and restrained, though the pilasters' capitals and the architrave's frieze are ornate and inventive. Another architrave divides the second and third floors, featuring a decorative balustrade (/wiki/Balustrade) . [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 5–6 The fourth through sixth stories are less ornate, with a brick exterior and rectangular windows. The fourth-story windows have decorative cast stone surrounds topped by plain panels. Above this story is a sill molding, and the seventh story, also brick-faced but with ornamental stone roundels placed between each of the windows. The story is topped with a cornice and balustrade above. These first through seventh stories feature chamfered bays between the Fifth Avenue and side street facades. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 6 The eighth, ninth, and tenth stories are progressively set back from the street fronts. The eighth story is relatively bare, while the ninth has narrow windows surrounded alternatively by slender colonnettes and cast stone rectangular panels. The story is topped with a heavy stone cornice and plain brick parapet. The tenth story has simple windows and a brick exterior, also topped with a cornice and final stone balustrade. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 6 623 Fifth Avenue [ edit ] Facade details of 623 Fifth; seven floors mirror the original store The tower adjacent to the original flagship was originally known as Swiss Bank Tower and 10 East 50th Street and, since 2002, has also been known as 623 Fifth Avenue. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) All 38 stories of the tower addition are clad in Indiana limestone. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The tower and original Saks building are easily viewable from across the street at 30 Rockefeller Plaza (/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza) and its Top of the Rock (/wiki/Top_of_the_Rock) observation deck. From there, 623 Fifth Avenue rises symmetrically above Saks, and with a carved-out center, reciprocating the axis of the protruding 30 Rockefeller Plaza. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The corners of the tower also contain chamfers that relate to the design of the original store. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 This section features ribbons of windows only separated by thin limestone spandrels; the rest of the building has standalone or punched windows. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) Facade details of 623 Fifth (left) and original store (right) along 50th Street The first seven floors of the building, constructed in 1990, feature an exterior mirroring the 1924 Saks building. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) The bank had favored a modern facade, though the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission desired an extension of the 1924 facade. Both Saks and the offices share street frontage on its 49th and 50th Street facades. The 50th Street facade is a near-identical replication, with only subtle changes in form and detail, and with hand-carved ornamentation. Saks gained two new display windows and an entranceway replicating the original single 50th Street entrance, while Swiss Bank Corporation gained a two-bay-wide and three-story-tall grand entrance. The 49th Street facade at ground-level is more modern, though with a Saks entrance and show windows replicating originals. The facade is pulled back from the street, giving this side a small paved forecourt (/wiki/Courtyard) . On either side of the new Saks entrance are its relocated loading dock and a secondary office tower entrance. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) Interior [ edit ] The original structure had over 400,000 square feet (37,000 m 2 ) of floor area, [11] (#cite_note-nyt19240907-11) while the tower has 370,000 sq ft (34,000 m 2 ). [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) The tower's first through ninth floors are operated by Saks, with a 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m 2 ) expansion. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The 10th story of the tower has mechanical equipment, [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) while the 11th through 36th floors are office space that is operated separately. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) Department store [ edit ] Layout of 623 Fifth Avenue beside the original Saks store When the original department store opened, the first through seventh stories were dedicated to sales. [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91 [12] (#cite_note-nyht19240915-12) There were also four stories of offices and storerooms. [12] (#cite_note-nyht19240915-12) The basement was used for shipping and receiving, the eighth story was used for offices, and the ninth and tenth stories for stockrooms and workrooms. [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91 The upper floors were subsequently turned into sales space as well. [13] (#cite_note-nyt20000719-13) As of 2020 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store&action=edit) , the store spans 600,000 or 650,000 square feet (56,000 or 60,000 m 2 ). [10] (#cite_note-Moin_2020-10) [14] (#cite_note-Fortune_2019-14) The main floor is about 53,000 square feet (4,900 m 2 ) and includes a handbag department, as well as an escalator to the second floor that was decorated by Rem Koolhaas (/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas) . [15] (#cite_note-Bhasin_2019-15) The first story has a ceiling height of 18.75 feet (5.72 m), while the other stories have ceiling heights of 14 feet (4.3 m). The building's superstructure (/wiki/Superstructure) is formed by eight sets of columns (/wiki/Column) . Twelve elevators were placed at the eastern end of the building, in the rear. Two enclosed stairways were installed near the Fifth Avenue entrances, and there were service stairs at each of the rear corners. The furnishings were designed in hardwood, while the wall surfaces and columns above contained white finishing (/wiki/Surface_finishing) . The flat-paneled ceilings had suspended light fixtures and concealed sprinkler pipes. [3] (#cite_note-AB1924-3) : 91 Office space [ edit ] Each of the office stories has a ceiling of 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m). [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The office tower's two-story lobby is on the 11th and 12th floors, a sky lobby (/wiki/Sky_lobby) atop the Saks expansion, with four shuttle elevators taking passengers up to this lobby. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) The lobby originally had a waterfall and 1989 Richard Serra (/wiki/Richard_Serra) work, Fin , made of curved oxidized iron and weighing 18 tons. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) The lobby level also has a conference center and cafeteria. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) As late as 2002, the building had a five-story corporate penthouse for executive offices, with a total of 65,000 square feet (6,000 m 2 ). The offices, on floors 32 to 36, had Swiss pearwood-lined walls, while its elevator lobbies and reception areas had cut limestone walls. The space also featured meeting rooms, a kitchen, and a dining room. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) History [ edit ] Origin: A. Saks & Co. [ edit ] The Herald Square Saks & Co. store in 1903, behind the 33rd Street station (/wiki/33rd_Street_station_(IRT_Sixth_Avenue_Line)) Andrew Saks (/wiki/Andrew_Saks) was born to a German Jewish (/wiki/German_Jewish) family in Baltimore (/wiki/Baltimore) . He worked as a peddler and paper boy before moving to Washington, D.C. where at the age of only 20, and in the still-chaotic and tough economic times of 1867, only two years after the United States prevailed in the American Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) , he established a men's clothing store [16] (#cite_note-Gardner-16) with his brother Isadore. [17] (#cite_note-Auto00-1-17) [18] (#cite_note-Auto00-2-18) A. Saks & Co. occupied a storefront in the Avenue House Hotel building at 517 (300–308) 7th Street, N.W., in what is still Washington's downtown shopping district (/wiki/F_Street_shopping_district) . Saks annexed the store next door, and in 1887 started building a large new store on the site of the old Avenue Hotel Building at 7th and Market Space (now United States Navy Memorial Plaza (/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial) ). [19] (#cite_note-estar-19) By the 1880s, Saks had expanded his business to Indianapolis and Richmond, Virginia. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 1 Saks opened a large department store in 1902 in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) 's Herald Square (/wiki/Herald_Square) on 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) and Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)) (at 1293–1311 Broadway). [19] (#cite_note-estar-19) [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 Andrew Saks ran the New York store as a family affair with his brother Isadore, and his sons Horace and William. Andrew Saks died in 1912 and his son Horace took over the company's management. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 Horace Saks wanted to move to the Fifth Avenue shopping district, which had been first developed in 1905 with the opening of the B. Altman and Company Building (/wiki/B._Altman_and_Company_Building) at 34th Street and which was gradually expanding northward. However, he deferred a relocation of the store during World War I. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 Relocation [ edit ] Building site and proposal for a U-shaped building for Saks, 1922 Saks & Company leased the Buckingham Hotel and Belgravia Apartments, on Fifth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, in April 1920 for $35 million. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-rer19200417-22) At the time, the site was described in the Real Estate Record as a "new northern outpost for large retail trade". [22] (#cite_note-rer19200417-22) In June 1921, Starrett & Van Vleck filed plans for a nine-story building on the Fifth Avenue site. [23] (#cite_note-23) Demolition of the two structures began later that year. [9] (#cite_note-Evening_World-9) Further underlining the need for a new store was the fact that, in 1922, the landlord of the Herald Square building doubled the rent. [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 The National Democratic Club occupied the middle of the Saks site, at 617 Fifth Avenue, but the club originally refused a $1 million offer for its site, which measured 100 by 42 feet (30 by 13 m). As a result, Saks & Company initially sought to construct a U-shaped building wrapping around the clubhouse. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-rer19220325-26) Saks merged in April 1923 with Gimbel Brothers, Inc. (/wiki/Gimbels) , which was owned by Horace Saks' cousin Bernard Gimbel (/wiki/Bernard_Gimbel) . [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 4–5 [27] (#cite_note-biography-27) [28] (#cite_note-nyt19230427-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Gimbel took over the Herald Square lease, paid off Saks' debt, and bought $8 million of the company's stock. [28] (#cite_note-nyt19230427-28) [30] (#cite_note-TRD2010-30) The Saks Fifth Avenue store became a joint venture (/wiki/Joint_venture) between Saks and Gimbel. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-:0-32) Saks & Company bought the Democratic Club in May 1923. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) On September 15, 1924, the Saks Fifth Avenue Building opened at 611 Fifth Avenue, with a full-block avenue frontage south of St. Patrick's Cathedral (/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)) , facing what would become Rockefeller Center (/wiki/Rockefeller_Center) . [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 [12] (#cite_note-nyht19240915-12) At the time, The Evening World (/wiki/The_Evening_World) wrote that it did not consider Saks a department store, contrary to popular belief. The newspaper stated that Saks sold no dry goods or furniture, only dealing in clothing and accessories. The new store did not add any of these departments, only doubling the floor space of the existing departments. [9] (#cite_note-Evening_World-9) The Wall Street Journal projected the new store would ultimately have an annual profit of $17 million. [35] (#cite_note-35) The store would become known as "Saks-Fifth Avenue" with a hyphen, [5] (#cite_note-LPC-5) : 2 [36] (#cite_note-wsj19270606-36) [13] (#cite_note-nyt20000719-13) as compared with the older location, known as "Saks Herald Square" [36] (#cite_note-wsj19270606-36) or "Saks 34th Street". [13] (#cite_note-nyt20000719-13) Mid-20th century [ edit ] One of the store's entrances In 1926, the Saks brothers withdrew from the operation of Saks & Company, stating that the Fifth Avenue store had become "satisfactorily" established. [37] (#cite_note-37) Over subsequent years, several branches of the Saks Fifth Avenue brand were opened, and the Fifth Avenue store became a flagship location. [38] (#cite_note-HBC_Heritage-38) From 1929 to 1969, Sophie Gimbel (/wiki/Sophie_Gimbel) led the store's custom department. Gimbel, wife of the company president, designed elegant clothes and introduced women's culottes (/wiki/Culottes) to the American public. [39] (#cite_note-39) On the land underlying the Saks flagship, the Saks Realty Company initially owned the former Democratic Club plot, but the remaining site was owned by the George Kemp Company. In 1935, the Kemp Company bought the Democratic Club plot, thereby obtaining ownership of the entire site. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) Also in 1935, Saks introduced a ski department with a ski slope and skiing classes. [42] (#cite_note-42) By 1938, Fortune magazine characterized the Fifth Avenue store as upscale, as opposed to "the anthill bargain basement tables on Herald Square", the latter of which ended up closing in the 1960s. [32] (#cite_note-:0-32) An imported-object gift shop, with a separate entrance on 50th Street, opened in 1950. [43] (#cite_note-43) The Fifth Avenue site was sold in 1952 to William Zeckendorf (/wiki/William_Zeckendorf) , [44] (#cite_note-44) who the following year sold it to the Rockefeller family (/wiki/Rockefeller_family) . [45] (#cite_note-45) Late 20th century [ edit ] Saks entrance at the base of 623 Fifth Avenue on 50th Street In February 1979, Saks announced the flagship store would be extensively remodeled for $200 million as part of the first major renovation in the flagship's history. Initially, Saks officials planned a nine-story expansion "in the backyard of a former brownstone" behind the existing flagship. The flagship's first escalators would be installed within the expansion, as Saks officials sought to minimize disruption to the main store. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 557 [46] (#cite_note-46) These plans brought criticism from observers who worried the expansion would lower the quality of Saks' flagship to that of Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) or Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) . [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 557–558 That July, Saks submitted provisional plans to the New York City Planning Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission) (CPC) for a 50-story office and residential tower east of its flagship. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 558 [47] (#cite_note-47) The lots to the east had been proposed as the site of a tower since the 1950s but had not been developed because of a lack of participation by Saks real estate interests. [48] (#cite_note-:1-48) Work on the expansion proceeded before the tower was approved and, in November 1979, a set of new escalators opened in the rear of the Saks flagship. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 558 [49] (#cite_note-49) Project architect Hambrecht Terrell then renovated the second floor with a brick corridor containing shops for notable fashion designers. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 558 [50] (#cite_note-50) The third floor was also redesigned with a corridor lined with women's boutiques, [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 558–559 [51] (#cite_note-51) and the sixth floor was renovated as a moderately-priced clothing section for the "working woman". [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 Saks entered a joint venture with Rockefeller Center Properties in 1981 to develop the site with a 690,000-square-foot (64,000 m 2 ) tower. Under the plan, about a quarter of the space would have been occupied by Saks while the rest would be office space. [52] (#cite_note-52) The store's land lot and the adjoining midblock parcel were in separate zoning districts with different floor area ratios (/wiki/Floor_area_ratio) , and so air rights could not be transferred unless the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission) (LPC) designated it as a landmark. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) [53] (#cite_note-nyt19831222-53) According to the CPC chairman's counsel, if the flagship were a city landmark, the tower would be allowed because its development would assist the preservation of the landmark. [53] (#cite_note-nyt19831222-53) Saks also supported a landmark designation for its store. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 Accordingly, the LPC designated Saks Fifth Avenue as a landmark on December 20, 1984. [54] (#cite_note-54) [53] (#cite_note-nyt19831222-53) The LPC unanimously approved the tower proposal the following June. [55] (#cite_note-55) After Saks' agreement with Rockefeller Center Properties failed, Galbreath-Ruffin became a partner in the tower project, though Swiss Bank Corporation (/wiki/Swiss_Bank_Corporation) subsequently bought out Galbreath-Ruffin's stake. [56] (#cite_note-56) A proposal for a 36-story tower was presented by a joint venture of Saks and Swiss Bank in 1986. The former would expand its flagship space into the base of the tower while the latter would use the upper floors as its headquarters. [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) Swiss Bank and Saks spent fourteen months negotiating over the plans. The largest point of contention was the tower addition's 50th Street frontage, which Saks wanted for display windows, but this was ultimately allocated to Swiss Bank for its entrance. [48] (#cite_note-:1-48) The initial plan for the tower's facade was designed by Abramowitz Kingsland Schiff, which had preferred a design with brown and white horizontal bands. Pomeroy took over as main architect after Abramowitz Kingsland Schiff's plan was criticized as Brutalist and out-of-context with surrounding buildings. [6] (#cite_note-NY2000-6) : 559 Work on the midblock site started in 1987, [48] (#cite_note-:1-48) [60] (#cite_note-60) and the tower was completed in 1990. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) [61] (#cite_note-:2-61) The store's selling floors were expanded into the first through ninth stories of the tower. The additions included a restaurant called Cafe SFA on the eighth floor and a beauty salon and spa at the ninth floor. [61] (#cite_note-:2-61) The tower was able to obtain a prestigious Fifth Avenue address because the skyscraper is on the same land lot as the 1924 store and was built using its air rights. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) Architectural writer Paul Goldberger (/wiki/Paul_Goldberger) criticized the design as bland, saying the Swiss Bank Tower was "so successful at not offending that it ends up having nothing to say". [62] (#cite_note-62) The tower was fully occupied by 1992. [63] (#cite_note-63) The original flagship and the tower addition have a single owner, initially Swiss Bank Corporation, which had leased the ground from Saks for 100 years. [1] (#cite_note-LHP-1) Cohen Brothers Realty Corporation acquired the Swiss Bank Tower in 1997. [64] (#cite_note-64) Following Swiss Bank's subsequent merger with UBS (/wiki/UBS) , the company moved its offices out of the tower. [8] (#cite_note-nyt2002-8) 21st century [ edit ] 2000s and 2010s [ edit ] Decorated during Christmas Starting in the late 1990s, Saks Fifth Avenue extensively renovated its flagship. [13] (#cite_note-nyt20000719-13) Saks Fifth Avenue completed the $125 million renovation of the flagship store in 2003. A year later, Saks' new CEO Fred Wilson announced plans to undo much of the renovation and spend $150 million to further remodel the flagship. [65] (#cite_note-65) In August 2007, the United States Postal Service (/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service) began an experimental program selling the "plus" ZIP Code (/wiki/ZIP_Code) extension to businesses. The first company to do so was Saks Fifth Avenue, which received the ZIP Code of 10022-7463 ("SHOE") for the flagship's eighth-floor shoe department. The building's eighth floor thus became the first instance in the United States in which an individual story of a building had its own ZIP Code. [66] (#cite_note-zip-66) [67] (#cite_note-U.S._2007-67) [68] (#cite_note-ABC_News_2007-68) This coincided with the expansion of the shoe department, which had moved from the fourth floor and doubled in size to 8,500 square feet (790 m 2 ). [68] (#cite_note-ABC_News_2007-68) [67] (#cite_note-U.S._2007-67) As of 2013, the New York flagship store's real estate value was estimated between $800 million and over $1 billion. At the time, the flagship generated around 20% of Saks' annual sales, valued at $620 million. [69] (#cite_note-wahba-ho-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) , which took over the Saks Fifth Avenue chain in 2013, took out a loan the following year. The loan gave the Fifth Avenue store a book value (/wiki/Book_value) of $3.7 billion, more than the $2.9 billion the company had paid for the entire chain. [71] (#cite_note-71) In 2015, Saks began a $250 million, three-year restoration of the flagship store. The company president desired reinventing the flagship, opening up its floors and closing its Cafe SFA to create a new eatery, the Parisian-style L'Avenue. Saks planned a spiral staircase around a glass elevator, linking its first and second floors. It would move around departments and convert some back-room space to retail space. [72] (#cite_note-nyt20151114-72) The main floor, which was renovated to contain a handbag department, was completed in August 2019. [73] (#cite_note-73) The value of the building was recorded at $1.6 billion in 2019, amid a general decline in the retail sector. [74] (#cite_note-Crain's_New_York_Business_2019-74) [75] (#cite_note-Wong_2019-75) 2020s to present [ edit ] A department for children opened in March 2020, the first in the flagship store's history. [76] (#cite_note-Valente_2020-76) Additional work was to be completed in 2021, including a men's shoes department and a basement jewelry section. [15] (#cite_note-Bhasin_2019-15) [14] (#cite_note-Fortune_2019-14) In August 2021, workspace company WeWork (/wiki/WeWork) announced it would open a location on the Saks flagship's 10th floor. [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) The coworking firm Convene operated space there for nearly two years beginning in September 2021. [79] (#cite_note-Moin_a876-79) After New York state officials announced in April 2022 that they would issue three casino (/wiki/Casino) licenses in Downstate New York (/wiki/Downstate_New_York) , [80] (#cite_note-nyt-2022-10-21-80) Hudson's Bay Company proposed constructing a casino on the top three stories of the Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store. [81] (#cite_note-nyt-2023-01-13-81) [82] (#cite_note-Glanzer_2023-82) The womenswear company Skims (/wiki/Skims) opened a shop on the flagship's fifth floor in May 2023, [83] (#cite_note-Ruben_2023_k593-83) [84] (#cite_note-Lockwood_2023_i992-84) and a video studio opened on the tenth floor that October. [79] (#cite_note-Moin_a876-79) In 2024, Cohen Brothers Realty submitted documents to the New York City Department of City Planning (/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning) , indicating that they wanted to convert 623 Fifth Avenue's office space to apartments, since the floor area of the tower was too small for many modern tenants. The lowest ten stories of the tower would continue to be part of the Saks Fifth Avenue flagship, while the 11th and higher floors were to become 172 apartments, each with an average area of about 2,000 square feet (190 m 2 ). [85] (#cite_note-Cuba_h012-85) [86] (#cite_note-Cheng_x140-86) See also [ edit ] List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets (/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "The Swiss Bank Tower and Saks Fifth Avenue" (https://www.lhparch.com/the-swiss-bank-tower-and-saks-fifth-avenue) . Project Monograph . Vol. 3, no. 2. Institute for Urban Design (/wiki/Institute_for_Urban_Design) . August 1990. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210723142027/https://www.lhparch.com/the-swiss-bank-tower-and-saks-fifth-avenue) from the original on July 23, 2021 . Retrieved February 15, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "611 Fifth Avenue, 10022" (https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1285/7501#16.49/40.757967/-73.974866) . New York City Department of City Planning (/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210723141835/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1285/7501#16.49/40.757967/-73.974866) from the original on July 23, 2021 . Retrieved March 20, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Saks New Department Store, New York City, Starrett & Van Vleck, Architects" (https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015086592063?urlappend=%3Bseq=347) . Architecture and Building . Vol. 56, no. 10. October 1924. hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2027/mdp.39015086592063 (https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015086592063?urlappend=%3Bseq=347) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210723141846/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015086592063;seq=347) from the original on July 23, 2021 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) . {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : CS1 maint: postscript ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript) ) ^ (#cite_ref-nyht19241123_4-0) "Coveted Annual Prizes Are Awarded by Committee to Owners of Four Interesting Structures: Saks Wins First Honor "Black Tower," on 40th St., Second Finest New Building; Selection Big Task". New York Herald Tribune . November 23, 1924. p. B1. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1941-0646 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646) . ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 1113075864 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/1113075864) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Saks Fifth Avenue" (http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1523.pdf) (PDF) . New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission) . December 20, 1984. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191222054444/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1523.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2019 . Retrieved December 6, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium . New York: Monacelli Press. pp. 557–559. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58093-177-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 70267065 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70267065) . OL (/wiki/OL_(identifier)) 22741487M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22741487M) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "A Building Designed to Suit Needs and Neighbors" (https://www.lhparch.com/a-building-designed-to-suit-needs-and-neighbors) . LHPArchitects . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210723141836/https://www.lhparch.com/a-building-designed-to-suit-needs-and-neighbors) from the original on July 23, 2021 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Garbarine, Rachelle (June 12, 2002). "Commercial Real Estate; Office Tower Moves to Fifth Avenue (Sort Of)" (https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/12/business/commercial-real-estate-office-tower-moves-to-fifth-avenue-sort-of.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150527205318/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/12/business/commercial-real-estate-office-tower-moves-to-fifth-avenue-sort-of.html) from the original on May 27, 2015 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Fifth Avenue Will Look Different When Old Landmarks Give Way for New Trade Palace of Saks & Co" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71475656/fifth-avenue-will-look-different-when/) . The Evening World . October 11, 1922. p. 11. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210723142005/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71475656/fifth-avenue-will-look-different-when/) from the original on July 23, 2021 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 – via newspapers.com . ^ Jump up to: a b Moin, David (September 1, 2020). "Saks CEO Talks Fashion, Flagship and the Go-Forward Agenda" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-ceo-talks-fashion-flagship-and-the-go-forward-agenda-1234613975/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201113072429/https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-ceo-talks-fashion-flagship-and-the-go-forward-agenda-1234613975/) from the original on November 13, 2020 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt19240907_11-0) "Saks New Store Opens Tomorrow; Marks Another Milestone in the Development of Fifth Avenue" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/09/07/98806749.pdf) (PDF) . The New York Times . September 7, 1924. p. E2. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Saks & Company Open New Store To Public To-day". New York Herald Tribune . September 15, 1924. p. 16. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1941-0646 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646) . ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 1113137105 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/1113137105) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Dunlap, David W. (July 19, 2000). "Commercial Real Estate; Saks Makeover: Sales Space Grows, as Does Character" (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/19/nyregion/commercial-real-estate-saks-makeover-sales-space-grows-as-does-character.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . 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Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "NY to get shoe store so big it has own ZIP code" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-retail-usa-shoes-idUSN2435153420070524) . Reuters . May 24, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210331050417/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-retail-usa-shoes-idUSN2435153420070524) from the original on March 31, 2021 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "From Designer Shoes to Designer ZIP Codes" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=3209607&page=1) . ABC News . May 25, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125042355/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=3209607&page=1) from the original on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-wahba-ho_69-0) Wahba, Phil; Ho, Solarina (July 29, 2013). "Hudson's Bay CEO bets big on department stores with Saks buy" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hudsonsbay-saks-idUSBRE96S0DV20130729) . Reuters . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160817162718/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-hudsonsbay-saks-idUSBRE96S0DV20130729) from the original on August 17, 2016 . Retrieved July 31, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) Pasquarelli, Adrianne (July 29, 2013). "Saks' flagship adds $1B punch to purchase" (http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20130729/REAL_ESTATE/130729876/saks-flagship-adds-1b-punch-to-purchase) . Crain's New York Business . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230818/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20130729/REAL_ESTATE/130729876/saks-flagship-adds-1b-punch-to-purchase) from the original on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) de la Merced, Michael J.; Bagli, Charles V. (November 24, 2014). "Saks Flagship Store Is Appraised for Mortgage at $3.7 Billion" (https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/a-deal-mortgaging-the-store-values-saks-at-3-7-billion/) . DealBook . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201114102638/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/a-deal-mortgaging-the-store-values-saks-at-3-7-billion/) from the original on November 14, 2020 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt20151114_72-0) Tabuchi, Hiroko (/wiki/Hiroko_Tabuchi) (November 14, 2015). "Saks Is Shaking Off Retail Gloom With a Fifth Avenue Face-Lift" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/business/saks-is-shaking-off-retail-gloom-with-a-fifth-avenue-face-lift.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180131200707/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/business/saks-is-shaking-off-retail-gloom-with-a-fifth-avenue-face-lift.html) from the original on January 31, 2018 . Retrieved January 31, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Edelson, Sharon (August 21, 2019). "Saks Fifth Avenue's Main Floor Renovation Comes Full Circle" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-fifth-avenues-main-floor-renovation-comes-full-circle-1203241573/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210118051347/https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-fifth-avenues-main-floor-renovation-comes-full-circle-1203241573/) from the original on January 18, 2021 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Crain's_New_York_Business_2019_74-0) "Saks Manhattan flagship's value plummets in retail apocalypse" (https://www.crainsnewyork.com/retail-apparel/saks-manhattan-flagships-value-plummets-retail-apocalypse) . Crain's New York Business . November 20, 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125084619/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/retail-apparel/saks-manhattan-flagships-value-plummets-retail-apocalypse) from the original on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Wong_2019_75-0) Wong, Natalie (November 20, 2019). "Saks Manhattan Flagship Sees Value Plummet in Retail Apocalypse" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-20/saks-manhattan-flagship-sees-value-plummet-in-retail-apocalypse) . Bloomberg.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201115133844/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-20/saks-manhattan-flagship-sees-value-plummet-in-retail-apocalypse) from the original on November 15, 2020 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Valente_2020_76-0) Valente, Danielle (March 11, 2020). "Saks Fifth Avenue just opened its first-ever kids' floor" (https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/saks-fifth-avenue-just-opened-its-first-ever-kids-floor-031120) . Time Out New York Kids . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201026125555/https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/saks-fifth-avenue-just-opened-its-first-ever-kids-floor-031120) from the original on October 26, 2020 . Retrieved February 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-77) Putzier, Konrad (August 10, 2021). "Saks Fifth Avenue Owner, WeWork to Run Co-Working Spaces in Former Stores" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/wework-to-run-co-working-spaces-in-some-saks-fifth-avenue-stores-11628596800) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved August 12, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) "WeWork taking space in some Saks stores" (https://therealdeal.com/2021/08/10/wework-taking-space-in-some-saks-stores/) . The Real Deal New York . August 10, 2021 . Retrieved August 12, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Moin, David (October 16, 2023). "A New Format for the Saks Fifth Avenue Flagship" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-fifth-ave-film-studio-work-styling-10th-floor-1235878440/) . WWD . Retrieved May 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt-2022-10-21_80-0) Hong, Nicole; Rubinstein, Dana (October 21, 2022). "Where Could a Casino Be Built in New York City? What We Know" (https://www.nytimes.com/article/nyc-casino-tracker.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved October 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt-2023-01-13_81-0) Chen, Stefanos (January 13, 2023). "Saks Fifth Avenue Wants to Add a Casino Atop Its Flagship Store" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/nyregion/saks-casino-nyc.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved February 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Glanzer_2023_82-0) Glanzer, Ted (January 14, 2023). "Saks Fifth Avenue to Bid for Casino at Flagship Store" (https://therealdeal.com/2023/01/14/saks-fifth-avenue-to-make-bid-for-casino-at-flagship-store/) . The Real Deal New York . Retrieved February 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ruben_2023_k593_83-0) Ruben, Howard (May 1, 2023). "Skims opens shop inside Saks Fifth Avenue's New York flagship" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/skims-opens-shop-inside-saks-fifth-avenues-new-york-flagship/649014/) . Retail Dive . Retrieved May 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lockwood_2023_i992_84-0) Lockwood, Lisa (April 26, 2023). "Skims Opens Dedicated Shop Inside Saks Fifth Avenue Flagship" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/skims-opens-dedicated-shop-within-saks-fifth-avenue-flagship-1235630223/) . WWD . Retrieved May 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cuba_h012_85-0) Cuba, Julianne (May 15, 2024). "Cohen Bros. looking to convert Saks Fifth Avenue office building into housing" (https://www.crainsnewyork.com/real-estate/cohen-bros-eyes-saks-fifth-avenue-office-building-housing-conversion) . Crain's New York Business . Retrieved May 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cheng_x140_86-0) Cheng, Andria (May 15, 2024). "Office Tower Housing Part of Manhattan's Famed Saks Flagship Seeks Residential Conversion" (https://www.costar.com/article/758277636/office-tower-housing-part-of-manhattans-famed-saks-flagship-seeks-residential-conversion) . CoStar . Retrieved May 17, 2024 . 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Cohan's (/wiki/George_M._Cohan%27s_Theatre) Loew's State (/wiki/Loew%27s_State_Theatre_(New_York_City)) Lyric (/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(New_York_City,_1998)) New Century (/wiki/New_Century_Theatre) Olympia (/wiki/Olympia_Theatre_(New_York_City)) Roxy (/wiki/Roxy_Theatre_(New_York_City)) Strand (/wiki/Strand_Theatre_(Manhattan)) Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square_Theater) Victoria (/wiki/Victoria_Theatre_(Hammerstein%27s)) Ziegfeld (1927) (/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1927)) Ziegfeld (1969) (/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1969)) Hotels Current Algonquin Hotel (/wiki/Algonquin_Hotel) Allerton Hotel for Women (/wiki/Allerton_Hotel_for_Women) The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York (/wiki/The_Benjamin_Royal_Sonesta_New_York) Cassa Hotel & Residences (/wiki/Cassa_Hotel_%26_Residences) The Chatwal New York (/wiki/The_Chatwal_New_York) Club Quarters, Midtown (/wiki/Webster_Hotel) Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan (/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan) Four Seasons Hotel New York (/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotel_New_York) Hotel Edison (/wiki/Hotel_Edison) Hotel Elysée (/wiki/Hotel_Elys%C3%A9e) Hotel Gerard (/wiki/Hotel_Gerard) Hyatt Grand Central New York (/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York) InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel (/wiki/InterContinental_New_York_Barclay_Hotel) JW Marriott Essex House (/wiki/JW_Marriott_Essex_House) The Iroquois New York (/wiki/The_Iroquois_New_York) Lexington Hotel (/wiki/Lexington_Hotel_(New_York_City)) Lombardy Hotel (/wiki/Lombardy_Hotel) Lotte New York Palace Hotel (/wiki/Lotte_New_York_Palace_Hotel) Luxor Hotel (/wiki/Luxor_Hotel_(New_York_City)) Mansfield Hotel (/wiki/Mansfield_Hotel) The Michelangelo (/wiki/The_Michelangelo) Millennium Times Square New York (/wiki/Millennium_Times_Square_New_York) New York Hilton Midtown (/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown) New York Marriott Marquis (/wiki/New_York_Marriott_Marquis) Paramount Hotel (/wiki/Paramount_Hotel) Park Central Hotel (/wiki/Park_Central_Hotel) Park Lane Hotel (/wiki/Park_Lane_Hotel_(Manhattan)) The Peninsula New York (/wiki/The_Peninsula_New_York) Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Plaza_Hotel) The Quin (/wiki/The_Quin) The Ritz-Carlton New York, Central Park (/wiki/Hotel_St._Moritz) Roger Smith Hotel (/wiki/Roger_Smith_Hotel) Row NYC Hotel (/wiki/Row_NYC_Hotel) Royalton Hotel (/wiki/Royalton_Hotel) St. Regis New York (/wiki/St._Regis_New_York) Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel (/wiki/Sheraton_New_York_Times_Square_Hotel) Sofitel New York Hotel (/wiki/Sofitel_New_York_Hotel) Thompson Central Park New York Hotel (/wiki/Thompson_Central_Park_New_York_Hotel) Waldorf Astoria New York (/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York) Warwick New York Hotel (/wiki/Warwick_New_York_Hotel) Former DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City (/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue) Hotel Carter (/wiki/Hotel_Carter) Hotel Claridge (/wiki/Hotel_Claridge) Hotel Manhattan (/wiki/Hotel_Manhattan) Hotel Metropole (/wiki/Hotel_Metropole_(New_York_City)) New York Biltmore Hotel (/wiki/New_York_Biltmore_Hotel) New York Marriott East Side (/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue) Omni Berkshire Place (/wiki/Omni_Berkshire_Place) Pabst Hotel (/wiki/Pabst_Hotel) Ritz-Carlton Hotel (/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_(New_York_City)) Roosevelt Hotel (/wiki/Roosevelt_Hotel_(Manhattan)) Savoy-Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Savoy-Plaza_Hotel) Times Square Hotel (/wiki/Times_Square_Hotel) Weylin Hotel (/wiki/Weylin_Hotel) Windsor Hotel (/wiki/Windsor_Hotel_(Manhattan)) Other points of interest Restaurants/ nightlife 21 Club (/wiki/21_Club) 54 Below (/wiki/54_Below) Alto (/wiki/Alto_(restaurant)) Anthos (/wiki/Anthos_(restaurant)) Aureole (/wiki/Aureole_(restaurant)) Burger Heaven (/wiki/Burger_Heaven) Le Bernardin (/wiki/Le_Bernardin) Cafe Chambord (/wiki/Cafe_Chambord) Campbell Apartment (/wiki/Campbell_Apartment) La Caravelle (/wiki/La_Caravelle_(New_York_City)) Caviar Russe (/wiki/Caviar_Russe) Del Pezzo Restaurant (/wiki/Del_Pezzo_Restaurant) Ellen's Stardust Diner (/wiki/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner) Four Twenty Five (/wiki/Four_Twenty_Five) Gabriel Kreuther (/wiki/Gabriel_Kreuther) Gallagher's Steakhouse (/wiki/Gallagher%27s_Steakhouse) Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant (/wiki/Grand_Central_Oyster_Bar_%26_Restaurant) La Grenouille (/wiki/La_Grenouille_(restaurant)) Iridium Jazz Club (/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club) Le Jardinier (/wiki/Le_Jardinier) King Cole Bar (/wiki/King_Cole_Bar) Kurumazushi (/wiki/Kurumazushi) Latin Quarter (/wiki/Latin_Quarter_(nightclub)) Lespinasse (/wiki/Lespinasse_(restaurant)) Marea (/wiki/Marea_(restaurant)) Naro (/wiki/Naro_(restaurant)) The Pool and the Grill (/wiki/Four_Seasons_Restaurant) Oceana (/wiki/Oceana_(restaurant)) The Original Soupman (/wiki/The_Original_Soupman) P. J. Clarke's (/wiki/P._J._Clarke%27s) Patsy's (/wiki/Patsy%27s) Le Pavillon (/wiki/Le_Pavillon_(Daniel_Boulud_restaurant)) Prime Burger (/wiki/Prime_Burger) The Quilted Giraffe (/wiki/The_Quilted_Giraffe) Rainbow Room (/wiki/Rainbow_Room) Restaurant Aquavit (/wiki/Restaurant_Aquavit) Rumpelmayer's (/wiki/Rumpelmayer%27s_(New_York_City)) Russian Tea Room (/wiki/Russian_Tea_Room) Sardi's (/wiki/Sardi%27s) Satsuki (/wiki/Satsuki_(restaurant)) Shun Lee Palace (/wiki/Shun_Lee_Palace) Stage Deli (/wiki/Stage_Deli) The Campbell (/wiki/The_Campbell) Museums/ cultural centers Austrian Cultural Forum New York (/wiki/Austrian_Cultural_Forum_New_York) Girl Scout Museum and Archives (/wiki/Girl_Scout_Museum_and_Archives) John M. Mossman Lock Museum (/wiki/John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum) Korean Cultural Center New York (/wiki/Korean_Cultural_Center_New_York) Madame Tussauds New York (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York) Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) Museum of Broadway (/wiki/Museum_of_Broadway) Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) New York Transit Museum (/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum) Paley Center for Media (/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media#New_York) Rose Museum (/wiki/Rose_Museum) Spyscape (/wiki/Spyscape) Stores Argosy Book Store (/wiki/Argosy_Book_Store) Gotham Book Mart (/wiki/Gotham_Book_Mart) Clubhouses American Fine Arts Society (/wiki/American_Fine_Arts_Society) The Brook (/wiki/The_Brook) Century Association (/wiki/Century_Association) Cornell Club of New York (/wiki/Cornell_Club_of_New_York) Harvard Club of New York City (/wiki/Harvard_Club_of_New_York_City) New York Athletic Club (/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club) New York City Bar Association (/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association) New York Friars Club (/wiki/New_York_Friars_Club) New York Yacht Club (/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club) Penn Club of New York (/wiki/Penn_Club_of_New_York) Racquet and Tennis Club (/wiki/Racquet_and_Tennis_Club) University Club of New York (/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York) Women's National Republican Club (/wiki/Women%27s_National_Republican_Club) Yale Club of New York City (/wiki/The_Yale_Club_of_New_York_City) Clubhouses (former) Princeton Club of New York (/wiki/Princeton_Club_of_New_York) Green spaces Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden (/wiki/Abby_Aldrich_Rockefeller_Sculpture_Garden) Central Park (/wiki/Central_Park) Grand Army Plaza (/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)) Greenacre Park (/wiki/Greenacre_Park) Paley Park (/wiki/Paley_Park) Educational institutions 53rd Street Library (/wiki/53rd_Street_Library) Circle in the Square Theatre School (/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre_School) CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies (/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Labor_and_Urban_Studies) High School of Performing Arts (/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts) Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers) Saint Thomas Choir School (/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Choir_School) SUNY College of Optometry (/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Optometry) Art galleries Galerie St. Etienne (/wiki/Galerie_St._Etienne) Rehs Galleries (/wiki/Rehs_Galleries) Transportation Subway (/wiki/New_York_City_Subway) stations Fifth Avenue/53rd Street (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue/53rd_Street_station) Fifth Avenue–59th Street (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station) Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_station_(IND_lines)) 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue (/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Bryant_Park/Fifth_Avenue_station) 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal (/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal_station) 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center (/wiki/47th%E2%80%9350th_Streets%E2%80%93Rockefeller_Center_station) 49th Street (/wiki/49th_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)) 50th Street (/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IND_lines)) 50th Street (/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)) 57th Street–Seventh Avenue (/wiki/57th_Street%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_station) 57th Street (/wiki/57th_Street_station_(IND_Sixth_Avenue_Line)) 59th Street–Columbus Circle (/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station) Grand Central–42nd Street (/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station) Lexington Avenue/51st Street (/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station) Lexington Avenue/59th Street (/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/59th_Street_station) Times Square–42nd Street (/wiki/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station) Railroad stations Grand Central Madison (/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison) Grand Central Terminal (/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal) Streets and intersections Third Avenue (/wiki/Third_Avenue) Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) Sixth Avenue (/wiki/Sixth_Avenue) Six and a Half Avenue (/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue) Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) Eighth Avenue (/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)) 42nd (/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)) 47th (/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)) 50th (/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)) 51st (/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)) 52nd (/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)) 53rd (/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)) 54th (/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)) 55th (/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)) 57th (/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)) 59th (/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)) Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)) Columbus Circle (/wiki/Columbus_Circle) Duffy Square (/wiki/Duffy_Square) Grand Army Plaza (/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)) George Abbott Way (/wiki/George_Abbott_Way) Lexington Avenue (/wiki/Lexington_Avenue) Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) Park Avenue (/wiki/Park_Avenue) Park Avenue Viaduct (/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct) Pershing Square (/wiki/Pershing_Square,_Manhattan) Shubert Alley (/wiki/Shubert_Alley) Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) Vanderbilt Avenue (/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue_(Manhattan)) Related topics Billionaires' Row (/wiki/Billionaires%27_Row) Little Brazil (/wiki/Little_Brazil,_Manhattan) Midtown South (/wiki/Midtown_South) Minnesota Strip (/wiki/Minnesota_Strip) See also: Manhattan Community Board 5 (/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5) v t e Structures on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) Below 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) 1 (/wiki/One_Fifth_Avenue_(Manhattan)) 47 (Salmagundi Club) (/wiki/Salmagundi_Club) 110 (Judge) (/wiki/Judge_Building) 153 (Scribner) (/wiki/Scribner_Building) 159–161 (/wiki/935%E2%80%93939_Broadway) 170 (Sohmer Piano) (/wiki/Sohmer_Piano_Building) 173 (Flatiron) (/wiki/Flatiron_Building) 200 (Toy Center) (/wiki/Toy_Center) 255 (Grand Madison) (/wiki/The_Grand_Madison) 272 (Marble Collegiate Church) (/wiki/Marble_Collegiate_Church) 276 (Holland House) (/wiki/Holland_House_(New_York_City)) 277 (/wiki/277_Fifth_Avenue) 284 (The Wilbraham) (/wiki/The_Wilbraham) 339 (Demarest) (/wiki/Demarest_Building) 350 (Empire State) (/wiki/Empire_State_Building) 34th– 59th Streets (/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)) 355 (B. Altman and Company) (/wiki/B._Altman_and_Company_Building) 390 (Gorham) (/wiki/390_Fifth_Avenue) 400 (The Langham, New York) (/wiki/The_Langham,_New_York) 401 (Tiffany and Company) (/wiki/Tiffany_and_Company_Building) 424 (Lord & Taylor) (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor_Building) 425 (/wiki/425_Fifth_Avenue) 452 (HSBC) (/wiki/452_Fifth_Avenue) 453 (Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library) (/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Library) 461 (/wiki/461_Fifth_Avenue) 476 (New York Public Library) (/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch) 500 (/wiki/500_Fifth_Avenue) 510 (Manufacturers Trust Company) (/wiki/Manufacturers_Trust_Company_Building) 520 (/wiki/520_Fifth_Avenue) 551 (Fred F. French) (/wiki/Fred_F._French_Building) 556 (Philippine Center) (/wiki/Philippine_Center) 597 (Charles Scribner's Sons) (/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons_Building) 608 (Goelet/Swiss Center) (/wiki/608_Fifth_Avenue) 617–623 (Saks Fifth Avenue/Swiss Bank Tower) St. Patrick's Cathedral (/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Midtown_Manhattan)) Rockefeller Center (/wiki/Rockefeller_Center) British Empire Building (/wiki/British_Empire_Building) La Maison Francaise (/wiki/La_Maison_Francaise_(Rockefeller_Center)) International Building (/wiki/International_Building_(Rockefeller_Center)) 641 (Olympic Tower) (/wiki/Olympic_Tower) 647 (/wiki/647_Fifth_Avenue) 650 (/wiki/650_Fifth_Avenue) 653 (Cartier) (/wiki/Cartier_Building) 660 (/wiki/660_Fifth_Avenue) Saint Thomas Church (/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Church_(Manhattan)) University Club of New York (/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York) 689 (Aeolian) (/wiki/689_Fifth_Avenue) 693 (St. Regis) (/wiki/St._Regis_New_York) 696 (The Peninsula) (/wiki/The_Peninsula_New_York) Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Presbyterian_Church) 712 (/wiki/712_Fifth_Avenue) 714 (Coty) (/wiki/Coty_Building) 721 (Trump Tower) (/wiki/Trump_Tower) 727 (Tiffany & Co.) (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store) 730 (Crown) (/wiki/Crown_Building_(Manhattan)) L. P. Hollander Company (/wiki/3_East_57th_Street) 767 (General Motors) (/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)) Apple Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue) 768 (Plaza Hotel) (/wiki/Plaza_Hotel) 59th– 96th Streets (/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)) 781 (The Sherry-Netherland) (/wiki/The_Sherry-Netherland) 785 (Park Cinq) (/wiki/Park_Cinq) Metropolitan Club (/wiki/Metropolitan_Club_(New_York_City)) The Pierre (/wiki/The_Pierre) Knickerbocker Club (/wiki/Knickerbocker_Club) 810 (/wiki/810_Fifth_Avenue) 820 (/wiki/820_Fifth_Avenue) 825 (/wiki/825_Fifth_Avenue) Edward J. Berwind House (/wiki/Edward_J._Berwind_House) Temple Emanu-El of New York (/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_of_New_York_(1930)) 834 (/wiki/834_Fifth_Avenue) Mrs. William B. Astor House (/wiki/Mrs._William_B._Astor_House) 880 (/wiki/880_Fifth_Avenue) Henry Clay Frick House (/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick_House) Frick Collection (/wiki/Frick_Collection) 907 (/wiki/907_Fifth_Avenue) 927 (/wiki/927_Fifth_Avenue) 930 (/wiki/930_Fifth_Avenue) Edward S. Harkness House (/wiki/Edward_S._Harkness_House) 960 (/wiki/960_Fifth_Avenue) James B. Duke House (/wiki/James_B._Duke_House) 972 (Payne Whitney House) (/wiki/Payne_Whitney_House) 974 (Harry F. Sinclair House) (/wiki/Harry_F._Sinclair_House) 995 (/wiki/995_Fifth_Avenue) 998 (/wiki/998_Fifth_Avenue) 1000 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) (/wiki/The_Met_Fifth_Avenue) 1009 (Benjamin N. Duke House) (/wiki/Benjamin_N._Duke_House) 1020 (/wiki/1020_Fifth_Avenue) 1040 (/wiki/1040_Fifth_Avenue) 1048 (/wiki/William_Starr_Miller_House) Neue Galerie New York (/wiki/Neue_Galerie_New_York) 1049 (/wiki/1049_Fifth_Avenue) 1067 (/wiki/1067_Fifth_Avenue) 1071 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum) (/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum) 1085 (Church of the Heavenly Rest) (/wiki/Church_of_the_Heavenly_Rest) Andrew Carnegie Mansion (/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie_Mansion) Cooper Hewitt (/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum) Otto H. Kahn House (/wiki/Otto_H._Kahn_House) 1109 (Felix M. Warburg House) (/wiki/Felix_M._Warburg_House) Jewish Museum (/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(Manhattan)) 1130 (Willard D. Straight House) (/wiki/Willard_D._Straight_House) Above 96th Street Mount Sinai Hospital (/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Manhattan)) 1220 (Museum of the City of New York) (/wiki/Museum_of_the_City_of_New_York) 1230 (El Museo del Barrio) (/wiki/El_Museo_del_Barrio) 1280 (The Africa Center) (/wiki/The_Africa_Center) 2067 (St. Andrew's Episcopal Church) (/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Episcopal_Church_(New_York_City)) 2366 (369th Regiment Armory) (/wiki/369th_Regiment_Armory) Parks and park features Bryant Park (/wiki/Bryant_Park) Central Park (/wiki/Central_Park) Arsenal (/wiki/Arsenal_(Central_Park)) Central Park Zoo (/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo) Conservatory Garden (/wiki/Conservatory_Garden) Harlem Meer (/wiki/Harlem_Meer) Grand Army Plaza (/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)) William Tecumseh Sherman (/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman_(Saint-Gaudens)) Pulitzer Fountain (/wiki/Pulitzer_Fountain) Madison Square Park (/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park) Marcus Garvey Park (/wiki/Marcus_Garvey_Park) Harlem Fire Watchtower (/wiki/Harlem_Fire_Watchtower) Washington Square Park (/wiki/Washington_Square_Park) Arch (/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch) Subway stations (/wiki/New_York_City_Subway) 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue (/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Bryant_Park/Fifth_Avenue_station) Fifth Avenue/53rd Street (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue/53rd_Street_station) Fifth Avenue–59th Street (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station) Former 200 (Fifth Avenue Hotel) (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Hotel) Hotel Victoria (/wiki/Hotel_Victoria_(New_York_City)) Fifth Avenue Hotel (28th Street) (/wiki/The_Fifth_Avenue_Hotel) Caspar Samler farm (/wiki/Caspar_Samler_farm) 316 (Kaskel and Kaskel) (/wiki/Kaskel_and_Kaskel_Building) 350 (Waldorf–Astoria) (/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria_(1893%E2%80%931929)) 391 (Gunther) (/wiki/Gunther_Building_(Fifth_Avenue)) West Presbyterian Church (/wiki/West_Presbyterian_Church) Temple Emanu-El (/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(New_York,_1868)) Vanderbilt Triple Palace (/wiki/Vanderbilt_Triple_Palace) William K. 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3rd Green October Event Award Green October Event 2017 Date 1 October 2017 Venue Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos (/wiki/Victoria_Island,_Lagos) , Nigeria Country Nigeria Hosted by Belinda Effah (/wiki/Belinda_Effah) , Caesar Ume-Ezeoke, Efex and Nancy Isime (/wiki/Nancy_Isime) ← 2016 (/w/index.php?title=Green_October_Event_2016&action=edit&redlink=1) · Green October Event · 2018 → Green October Event 2017 was the third edition of Green October Event held on 1 October 2017 at Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos (/wiki/Victoria_Island,_Lagos) , Nigeria. Belinda Effah (/wiki/Belinda_Effah) and Caesar Ume-Ezeoke hosted the fashion show, while Efex and Nancy Isime (/wiki/Nancy_Isime) hosted the gala night. Marvis and Soma of Big Brother Naija season 2 (/wiki/Big_Brother_Naija_(season_2)) performed at the event. It was focused on children living with cerebral palsy in Nigeria. [1] (#cite_note-LAM-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Fashion designers that showcased their designs were House of Kosagh, Agatha Moreno, Sammielle Couture, Bella House of Fab, Hope Fashion, Gmyt Fashion Academy, JPKOUTURE, Visible Proof, Facinator by Omoge, Makioba, House of Beth, Dunskani Design and Novjok Couture. [1] (#cite_note-LAM-1) The exhibitors were Fashionjunkie Collection, Kelu, On-Ru Couture, Ma Bello Clothier, Mojisola Alankara, Bunaj, Be Fab by Beadakraft, Zandikam Visage, Yetrose Lane and Accost Collection. [1] (#cite_note-LAM-1) Award recipients [ edit ] The third edition of Green October Event was held on 1 October 2017 at Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos (/wiki/Victoria_Island,_Lagos) , Nigeria. [1] (#cite_note-LAM-1) NHN Couture - Fashion Designer of the Year Lapearl NYC - Fashion Stylist of the Year Aderonke Enoabasi - Fashion Influencer of the Year House of Kosagh - Creative Fast Rising Fashion Designer of the Year Jennifer Alegieuno - Outstanding Fashion Entrepreneur of the Year Mai Atafo (/wiki/Mai_Atafo) - Fashion Brand CEO of the Year H.O.P.E Fashion - Fashion Entrepreneur of the Year Ndubisi Ike of Benzik Media - Graphic Artist of the Year The Irede Foundation (/wiki/The_Irede_Foundation) - Humanitarian Foundation of the Year Ebube Nwagbo (/wiki/Ebube_Nwagbo) - Most Fashionable Female Celebrity of the Year Toyin Abraham (/wiki/Toyin_Abraham) - Humanitarian Celebrity of the Year Dora Enwere - Humanitarian of the Year Sandra Onyinyechukwu - Humanitarian Beauty Queen of the Year Nouva Couture - Most Versatile Fashion Designer of the Year Olukokun Adepeju - Humanitarian Icon of the Year Chris Okagbue - Most Fashionable Male Celebrity of the Year JpKouture - Plus Size Fashion Designer of the Year Makioba - Plus Size Pace Setter of the Year Toyin Lawani - Fashion Icon of the Year Wanneka - Beauty Entrepreneur of the Year Jojos Touch - MUA of the Year YemiDisu of Four23 Photography - Entrepreneur of the Year Princess K. Oghene - Enterprising Fashion Designer of the Year Special recognition awards [ edit ] Studio24 Nigeria - For the Support in the Fashion and Entertainment Industry Aso Multimedia - For Contribution in Fashion and Pageantry Florence Ita Giwa (/wiki/Florence_Ita_Giwa) - For Contribution to the Welfare of the Children of Bakassi Rosaline Meurer (/wiki/Rosaline_Meurer) - For Ambassadorial Support for Mother and Child in Nigeria Olakunle Churchill (/wiki/Olakunle_Churchill) - Lifetime Humanitarian Award for Youth Empowerment Kenneth Ovayabor Akpaka - For Contribution to the Development of Entrepreneurs in Nigeria F.E.B Idahosa - For Contribution to Entrepreneurial Growth in Nigeria Femi Gbadebo - For Support to Humanity Jessica Okanlawon - For Humanitarian Support to Humanity References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Images: Gala Night, Awards Green October Event 2017!" (https://lamodespot.com/images-gala-night-awards-green-october-event-2016) . La Mode Magazine . 5 October 2017 . Retrieved 2 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "2017 Green October Event Fashion Show Images!" (https://lamodespot.com/green-october-event-fashion-show-images) . La Mode Magazine . 2 October 2017 . Retrieved 2 January 2021 . This page will be placed in the following categories if it is moved to the article namespace (/wiki/Wikipedia:NS0) . 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American shirt company Manhattan Industries Formerly Manhattan Shirt Company (1857-?) Industry Garments (/wiki/Garment) Founded 1857 ; 167 years ago ( 1857 ) Founder Lewis Levi Defunct 1986 ( 1986 ) Fate Acquired by Salant Corporation (/wiki/Salant_Corporation) Products Shirts (/wiki/Shirt) Brands Henry Grethel (/wiki/Henry_Grethel) The Vera Companies (/wiki/The_Vera_Companies) John Henry Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Lady Manhattan Frost Bros. (/wiki/Frost_Bros.) Manhattan Industries was founded as the Manhattan Shirt Company by Lewis Levi in 1857. His son Abram Leeds took over and grew the company to be one of the largest shirt producers. Brands under the company included Henry Grethel (/wiki/Henry_Grethel) , The Vera Companies (/wiki/The_Vera_Companies) , John Henry, Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) , Lady Manhattan, the Union Company specialty stores in Ohio, and Frost Bros. (/wiki/Frost_Bros.) [1] (#cite_note-1) specialty stores in Texas. [ citation needed ] . The company incorporated in 1912. It had garment factories employing mostly women in several states. Operations included a factory complex in Paterson, New Jersey (/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Manhattan Shirt Company was one of the initial tenants in the Emmet Building (/wiki/Emmet_Building) on Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . Robert Lewis Leeds Jr. was the CEO of Manhattan Industries from 1965 [3] (#cite_note-3) to 1974, when he left to work with Victor Kiam at Remington. Larry Leeds, the president and chairman of the company in 1977, backed the creation of Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1980, Frost Bros. was sold to Washington, D.C.-based Julius Garfinkle Company, and The Union Company to Marshall Field & Company of Chicago, which merged the Ohio stores into the Cleveland-based Halle Brothers chain. The company was acquired by Salant Corporation (/wiki/Salant_Corporation) , after that company emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy) proceedings, in an unsolicited hostile takeover (/wiki/Hostile_takeover) for $100 million in 1988, after the Manhattan board initially rejected the offer. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] William Openhym & Sons (/wiki/William_Openhym_%26_Sons) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lockwood, Lisa. “Manhattan Industries Puts Frost Bros. up for Sale.” WWD, vol. v151, Jan. 1986. EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbig&AN=edsbig.A4099852&site=eds-live&scope=site (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbig&AN=edsbig.A4099852&site=eds-live&scope=site) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Document Center / Manhattan Shirt Co. / City of Paterson, New Jersey" (https://www.patersonnj.gov/egov/apps/document/center.egov?view=item&id=946) . www.patersonnj.gov . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sloane, Leonard (November 21, 1971). "Manhattan Shirt's growth plan" (https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/21/archives/manhattan-shirts-growth-plan-shirt-company.html) . The New Yorl Times . Retrieved January 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) The Death and Life of Perry Ellis. New York Magazine Aug 11, 1986 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Designing An Empire" (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/03/magazine/designing-an-empire.html) . The New York Times . 1982-01-03. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sterlacci, Francesca (2017). Historical dictionary of the fashion industry . Joanne Arbuckle (Second ed.). Landham. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4422-3909-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 969439606 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/969439606) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Salant Seeking Apparel Maker" (https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/02/business/salant-seeking-apparel-maker.html) . The New York Times . 1988-02-02. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-09-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Manhattan Board Rejects Salant Bid" (https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/11/business/manhattan-board-rejects-salant-bid.html) . The New York Times . 1988-02-11. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-09-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) “Manhattan Softening to Bid by Salant.” Daily News Record, vol. 18, no. 48, Mar. 1988, p. 1. EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.6441217&site=eds-live&scope=site (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.6441217&site=eds-live&scope=site) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rutberg, Sidney. “Salant Takes Manhattan; Leeds out, DiPaolo New CEO.” Daily News Record, vol. 18, no. 55, Mar. 1988, p. 1. EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.6469257&site=eds-live&scope=site (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.6469257&site=eds-live&scope=site) . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97018032) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Industries&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American model, socialite and philanthropist (1928–2011) Patsy Pulitzer Pulitzer by Frances McLaughlin-Gill (/wiki/Frances_McLaughlin-Gill) , Vogue , 1957 Born Gladys Pulitzer ( 1928-05-31 ) May 31, 1928 New York City, U.S. Died October 28, 2011 (2011-10-28) (aged 83) New York City, U.S. Resting place Locust Valley Cemetery (/wiki/Locust_Valley_Cemetery) , Locust Valley, New York (/wiki/Locust_Valley,_New_York) , U.S. Education Palm Beach Day School (/wiki/Palm_Beach_Day_Academy) Foxcroft School (/wiki/Foxcroft_School) Finch College (/wiki/Finch_College) Occupation Model Spouses David Frost Bartlett ( m. 1949, divorced) Lewis Thompson Preston (/wiki/Lewis_Thompson_Preston) ( m. 1959; died 1995) Children 4 Relatives Joseph Pulitzer (/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer) (grandfather) Lilly Pulitzer (/wiki/Lilly_Pulitzer) (sister-in-law) Roxanne Pulitzer (/wiki/Roxanne_Pulitzer) (sister-in-law) Charles L. Bartlett (/wiki/Charles_L._Bartlett_(journalist)) (brother-in-law) Gladys " Patsy " Pulitzer Preston (May 31, 1928 – October 28, 2011) was an American fashion model, socialite and philanthropist. The granddaughter of Joseph Pulitzer (/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer) , newspaper publisher and founder of the Pulitzer Prize (/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize) , she grew up in Palm Beach, Florida. In 1961, she appeared in Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) as one of the "World's Loveliest Sportswomen", after catching a 1,230-pound (560 kg) black marlin, a then world-record catch for a woman. She modeled and appeared in various magazines. In later life, she was active in women's rights causes, particularly Planned Parenthood (/wiki/Planned_Parenthood) . Early life [ edit ] Gladys Pulitzer was born in New York City on May 31, 1928, the daughter of Gladys Mildred Munn and Herbert "Tony" Pulitzer, and a granddaughter of Joseph Pulitzer (/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer) , newspaper publisher and founder of the Pulitzer Prize (/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize) . [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) She grew up in Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) . [2] (#cite_note-Kuhner-2) Pulitzer was educated at Palm Beach Day School (/wiki/Palm_Beach_Day_Academy) and the Foxcroft School (/wiki/Foxcroft_School) , Middleburg, Virginia, and earned an associate of arts degree from Finch College (/wiki/Finch_College) , New York. [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) Her brother Herbert Pulitzer was married to the fashion designer Lilly Pulitzer (/wiki/Lilly_Pulitzer) , and Roxanne Pulitzer (/wiki/Roxanne_Pulitzer) . [3] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Post-3) Career [ edit ] In 1961, she appeared in Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) as one of the "World's Loveliest Sportswomen", after catching 1,230-pound (560 kg) black marlin (/wiki/Black_marlin) fish off Cabo Blanco (/wiki/Cabo_Blanco,_Peru) , Peru, a then world-record fish for a woman ( Sports Illustrated began publication in 1954.). [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) [4] (#cite_note-Observer-4) [5] (#cite_note-The_Rake-5) She was a model for the Ford Modeling Agency (/wiki/Ford_Models) . [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) In 1953 and 1955, she was photographed by Slim Aarons (/wiki/Slim_Aarons) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1961, she was photographed by Frances McLaughlin-Gill (/wiki/Frances_McLaughlin-Gill) for Sports Illustrated in Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , wearing clothes from Lilly Pulitzer Fashions, her sister-in-law's brand. [8] (#cite_note-8) In later life, she was active in women's rights causes, particularly Planned Parenthood (/wiki/Planned_Parenthood) . [2] (#cite_note-Kuhner-2) Personal life [ edit ] On June 27, 1949, she married investment broker David Frost Bartlett (1924–1997), brother of Charles L. Bartlett (/wiki/Charles_L._Bartlett_(journalist)) , at the family's estate in Oyster Bay (/wiki/Oyster_Bay_(town),_New_York) , New York. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) They later divorced. In 1964, he married Stefane Abeille Demay. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 1959, she married Lewis Thompson Preston (/wiki/Lewis_Thompson_Preston) (1926–1995), chairman of J.P. Morgan & Co. (/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co.) and president of the World Bank (/wiki/World_Bank) . [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) [2] (#cite_note-Kuhner-2) They lived in Washington, D.C., and Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) . [2] (#cite_note-Kuhner-2) She had four daughters, Linda B. Miller of Palm Beach, Victoria B. Donaldson of Yorktown, New York, Priscilla P. Hallowell of Katonah, New York, and Electra P. Toub of New York City. [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) She died in New York City on October 28, 2011. [1] (#cite_note-Palm_Beach_Daily_News-1) She lived there at 580 Park Avenue, and her three-bedroom apartment sold in April 2012 for $5.8 million to Edward Shugrue III and his wife Greta. [4] (#cite_note-Observer-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g "Gladys Pulitzer Preston, granddaughter of the founder of the Pulitzer Prize, dies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220724095133/https://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/story/news/2011/11/02/gladys-pulitzer-preston-granddaughter-founder/6646914007/) . Palm Beach Daily News . Archived from the original (https://eu.palmbeachdailynews.com/story/news/2011/11/02/gladys-pulitzer-preston-granddaughter-founder/6646914007/) on July 24, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ a b c d Kuhner, Kate (2019). Betty Kuhner : the American Family Portrait . Newburyport, MA: Gibbs Smith. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781423651796 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Palm_Beach_Post_3-0) "Publishing heir Peter Pulitzer dies at 88" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220724095438/https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/local/2018/04/18/new-publishing-heir-peter-pulitzer-dies-at-88/6207508007/) . Palm Beach Post . Archived from the original (https://eu.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/local/2018/04/18/new-publishing-heir-peter-pulitzer-dies-at-88/6207508007/) on July 24, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ a b Velsey, Kim (April 9, 2012). "Pulitzer Descendant's 580 Park Pad Fetches $5.8 Million" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220725122652/https://observer.com/2012/04/pulitzer-descendants-580-park-pad-sells-for-5-8-million/) . New York Observer . Archived from the original (https://observer.com/2012/04/pulitzer-descendants-580-park-pad-sells-for-5-8-million/) on July 25, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Rake_5-0) Husband, Stuart (June 2021). "It Was a Wonderful Life" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220730103856/https://therake.com/stories/it-was-a-wonderful-life/) . The Rake . Archived from the original (https://therake.com/stories/it-was-a-wonderful-life/) on July 30, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Seaplane At Palm Beach" (https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/patsy-pulitzer-leaning-against-a-seaplane-belonging-to-the-news-photo/84990105) . Getty Images . February 23, 2009 . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Backgammon Trio" (https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/at-palm-beach-patsy-bartlett-playing-backgammon-with-peter-news-photo/3163542) . Getty Images . March 31, 2004 . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Lilly Pulizer Fashions" (https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/portrait-of-patsy-pulitzer-preston-posing-in-lilly-pulitzer-news-photo/135458002) . Getty Images . December 10, 2011 . Retrieved August 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Gladys Pulitzer married at home; Granddaughter of the Late Publisher Wed to David F, Bartlett in Oyster Bay" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220730103634/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/28/archives/gladys-pulitzer-iiarried-at-home-granddaughter-of-the-late.html) . New York Times . June 28, 1949. Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/28/archives/gladys-pulitzer-iiarried-at-home-granddaughter-of-the-late.html) on July 30, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Gladys Pulitzer Lists; She Will Be .Wed to David F. Bartlett June 27 in Garden of Oyster Bay Estate" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220730101157/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/19/archives/miss-stefane-abeille-demay-married-to-david-f-bartlett.html) . New York Times . June 12, 1949. Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/12/archives/gladys-pulitzer-lists-ittilfiints-she-will-be-wed-todavid-f.html) on July 30, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Miss Stefane Abeille Demay Married to David F. Bartlett" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220730101157/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/19/archives/miss-stefane-abeille-demay-married-to-david-f-bartlett.html) . New York Times . April 19, 1964. Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/19/archives/miss-stefane-abeille-demay-married-to-david-f-bartlett.html) on July 30, 2022 . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . 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This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( October 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Combat Dress" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Combat+Dress%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Combat+Dress%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Combat+Dress%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Combat+Dress%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Combat+Dress%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Combat+Dress%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Combat Dress was the name of the uniform (/wiki/Uniform) worn by members of Land Force Command (/wiki/Land_Force_Command) of the Canadian Forces (/wiki/Canadian_Forces) from 1968 to 2002. [1] (#cite_note-canadiansoldiers-1) The combat uniform was sky blue-drab colour pants and shirt replacing the old battle dress (/wiki/Battle_dress) from the British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . This pattern was adopted by NATO (/wiki/NATO) members in the 1960s, but abandoned for camouflage and disruptive patterns by all but Canada (/wiki/Canada) . Development of CADPAT (/wiki/CADPAT) started in the 1990s, but it was not until the turn of the 21st century that widespread adoption began. The Royal Canadian Army Cadets (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Army_Cadets) and the Royal Canadian Air Cadets (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Cadets) adopted the combat dress for field use, and it is also worn by civilian instructors for the cadets. For more on combat dress, see CF Operational Dress (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Canadian_Forces#Operational_dress) . Components [ edit ] sky blue T-shirt combat shirt (tunic) combat cargo pant bucket hat combat dresses combat jacket (with detachable liner) arctic jacket (with detachable liner) The basic combat clothing was a flocked cotton over nylon. There are many different variations on the Canadian combat shirt (tunic); one was a simple button up with FN magazine type pockets, another made of a heavier material (for cold weather) and had a zipper in place of buttons with the same pocket style but without dividers for FNC1A1 magazines, and the cadet combats that was made of a lighter material then to both and had a different pocket arrangement and size as well as no drawstrings. The combat jacket was of heavy cotton while the arctic jacket had a nylon shell. Both the combat shirt and the jackets had two lower cargo pockets with inserts that could hold three FNC1A1 20 round magazines each. The upper two pockets were angled inward and could hold one FNC1A1 magazine each. The combat shirts also have one inner pocket that was held closed by velcro and was clearly visible by an outline of thread on the outer right side of the shirt. Both the jackets and combat shirts have drawstrings on the bottom and in the middle of the shirt; these were there to prevent debris and winds from entering the shirt as well as to prevent billowing during parajumping. Combat pants had buttons on every belt loop; this was so that the pants were too large, one could button over to the next button to make them smaller. Combat pants also had "blousers" which were tucked into the boots and the drawstring on the bottom of the pant leg would be tightened around the top of the boot to keep out foreign objects and pests. Often the "blousers" were ripped out of the pant leg and used as toilet paper. See also [ edit ] CADPAT (/wiki/CADPAT) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-canadiansoldiers_1-0) "Combat Uniform - www.canadiansoldiers.com" (https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/uniforms/combatuniform.htm) . www.canadiansoldiers.com . Retrieved 2023-09-21 . 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Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2006 Status Active Genre Fashion show Date(s) November 16, 2006 ( 2006-11-16 ) Frequency Annually Venue Kodak Theatre (/wiki/Kodak_Theatre) Location(s) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Inaugurated August 1, 1995 ( 1995-08-01 ) Previous event 2005 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2005) Next event 2007 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2007) Member Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Website Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (https://www.victoriassecret.com/fashion-show) The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as Victoria's Secret Angels Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) , Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Karolina Kurkova (/wiki/Karolina_Kurkova) , Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) , and Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) . The Pink section was premiered in this year with Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) as its brand. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2006 was recorded in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , United States (/wiki/United_States) at the Kodak Theatre (/wiki/Kodak_Theatre) . The show featured musical performances by Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) . Karolina Kurkova was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Hearts On Fire Diamond Fantasy Bra worth $6,500,000. The 11th fashion show featured some of the new Angels and also the returning Angels. There was a special performance by Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) , and the show was hosted by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) . Dates Locations Broadcaster Viewers (millions) Host Performers November 16, 2006 (recorded), December 5, 2006 (aired) Kodak Theatre (/wiki/Kodak_Theatre) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) CBS 6.8 Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) Fashion show segments [ edit ] Segment 1: Femme Fatale [ edit ] Performer Song Status Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) SexyBack (/wiki/SexyBack) Live Performance Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) W 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) 2000–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2002–2009) Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) 2005–2006 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) 2002 • 2005–2006 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Hana Soukupová (/wiki/Hana_Soukupov%C3%A1) 2006–2007 Newcomer Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) W 2006–2007 • 2010 Russian (/wiki/Russians) Katja Shchekina (/wiki/Katja_Shchekina) 2006 Belgian (/wiki/Belgian_people) Elise Crombez (/wiki/Elise_Crombez) 2006–2007 Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerian_people) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) W 2000 • 2002–2003 • 2005–2007 Segment 2: Coquettish Fetish [ edit ] Performer Song Status Jamelia (/wiki/Jamelia) Beware of the Dog (/wiki/Beware_of_the_Dog) Remixed Recording Depeche Mode (/wiki/Depeche_Mode) Personal Jesus (/wiki/Personal_Jesus) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) W 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) 2005–2006 • 2009 British (/wiki/British_people) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) 2006–2010 Newcomer French (/wiki/French_people) Morgane Dubled (/wiki/Morgane_Dubled) 2005–2008 Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Jeisa Chiminazzo 2006 Newcomer Flavia de Oliveira (/wiki/Flavia_de_Oliveira) 2006–2008 • 2010–2011 Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) 2005–2010 3 Angel (2005–2008) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 American (/wiki/American_people) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) 2000 • 2003 • 2005–2008 Kenyan (/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya) Ajuma Nasenyana (/wiki/Ajuma_Nasenyana) 2006 Newcomer Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) W 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Segment 3: Come Fly With Me [ edit ] Performer Song Status The Killers (/wiki/The_Killers) When You Were Young (/wiki/When_You_Were_Young) ( Thin White Duke (/wiki/Thin_White_Duke) Mix) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) 2000–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) 2005–2006 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Andi Muise 2005–2007 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) 2002 • 2005–2006 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Hana Soukupová (/wiki/Hana_Soukupov%C3%A1) 2006–2007 Newcomer Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Segment 4: PINK [ edit ] Performer Song Status Kelis (/wiki/Kelis) Bossy (/wiki/Bossy_(Kelis_song)) (Switch Remix) On the March Entry of the Gladiators (/wiki/Entry_of_the_Gladiators) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) 2006–2007 • 2010 P Spokesmodel (2006–2007) • Newcomer Australian (/wiki/Australians) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) 2006–2009 • 2011–2012 Newcomer British (/wiki/British_people) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) 2006–2010 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Jeisa Chiminazzo 2006 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) French (/wiki/French_people) Morgane Dubled (/wiki/Morgane_Dubled) 2005–2008 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Flavia de Oliveira (/wiki/Flavia_de_Oliveira) 2006–2008 • 2010–2011 Newcomer Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) W 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 Segment 5: Highland Romance [ edit ] Performer Song Status Pipe Major Robert Mathieson (/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Major_Robert_Mathieson&action=edit&redlink=1) Air & Jigs Remixed Recording Eurythmics (/wiki/Eurythmics) I've Got a Life (/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Life) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) 2005–2006 • 2009 American (/wiki/American_people) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) 2000 • 2003 • 2005–2008 Belgian (/wiki/Belgian_people) Elise Crombez (/wiki/Elise_Crombez) 2006–2007 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Katja Shchekina (/wiki/Katja_Shchekina) 2006 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) W 2006–2007 • 2010 P Spokesmodel (2006–2007) • Newcomer Kenyan (/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya) Ajuma Nasenyana (/wiki/Ajuma_Nasenyana) 2006 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) 2005–2006 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Andi Muise 2005–2007 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) W 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Segment 6: Winter Wonderland of Glacial Goddesses [ edit ] Performer Song Status David Guetta (/wiki/David_Guetta) feat. Chris Willis (/wiki/Chris_Willis) Just a Little More Love (/wiki/Just_a_Little_More_Love) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) W 2000–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Wearing "Hearts On Fire Diamond Fantasy Bra" (Value: $ 6,500,000) Australian (/wiki/Australians) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) 2006–2009 • 2011–2012 Newcomer German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Czech (/wiki/Czechs) Hana Soukupová (/wiki/Hana_Soukupov%C3%A1) 2006–2007 Newcomer Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerian_people) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) 2000 • 2002–2003 • 2005–2007 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) 2006 Newcomer Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) W 2005–2010 3 Angel (2005–2008) Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) W 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Finale [ edit ] The finale was led by Gisele Bündchen marked as the last ever walk. Performer Song Status Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) SexyBack (/wiki/SexyBack) Remixed Recording David Guetta (/wiki/David_Guetta) feat. Chris Willis (/wiki/Chris_Willis) Just a Little More Love (/wiki/Just_a_Little_More_Love) Remixed Recording Index [ edit ] Symbol Meaning 1 1st Generation Angels 2 2nd Generation Angels 3 3rd Generation Angels P PINK Spokesmodel W Wings External links [ edit ] VSFS 2006 Gallery (http://vsholic.com/gallery/2006/) The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2006 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK_dNp0t6f4&list=UUB2ENg42sG0o7Vt4uau_W6Q/) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) hide v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) 2001 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2001) 2002 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2002) 2003 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2003) 2005 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2005) 2006 2007 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2007) 2008 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2008) 2009 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2009) 2010 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2010) 2011 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2011) 2012 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) 2015 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2015) 2016 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2018) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐t644p Cached time: 20240712181528 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.402 seconds Real time usage: 0.490 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10511/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 69644/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15006/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9750/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.139/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1714230/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 373.941 1 -total 48.21% 180.294 63 Template:Flagicon 23.32% 87.209 1 Template:Victoria's_Secret_Fashion_Shows 22.83% 85.378 1 Template:Navbox 21.51% 80.446 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 20.42% 76.348 1 Template:Infobox 6.25% 23.368 63 Template:Flag_icon/core 5.04% 18.854 63 Template:Yesno-no 3.47% 12.970 65 Template:Main_other 3.43% 12.824 63 Template:Yesno Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40008801-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712181528 and revision id 1222535631. 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Closed tube of fabric worn around the neck or neck and head for warmth or sun protection A basic neck gaiter (red), a balaclava (blue/black), and a multifunction neck tube (multicolor). A thick hood with attached neck gaiter A neck gaiter or neck warmer is a neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) , or an enlarged collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) of a garment (/wiki/Garment) , that is worn around the neck (/wiki/Neck) for warmth. It is usually a closed tube of fabric, often thick fleece (/wiki/Polar_fleece) , merino wool, synthetic wicking, or knit material, which is slipped on and off over the head (unlike a scarf (/wiki/Scarf) , which is an open stretch of fabric wrapped around the neck) to cover the entire neck and conserve body heat (/wiki/Body_heat) . Some balaclavas (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) are essentially a small hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) attached to a neck gaiter. Like gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) for the lower legs, a neck gaiter augments the protection offered by other garments. Some longer neck gaiters can also be pulled up and cover the lower face (/wiki/Face) as an improvised face veil (/wiki/Face_veil) to help keep out sand (/wiki/Sand) / dust (/wiki/Dust) , smoke (/wiki/Smoke) and other airborne irritants from entering the mouth (/wiki/Mouth) and nose (/wiki/Human_nose) , to prevent cold hives (/wiki/Cold_hives) and/or frostbites (/wiki/Frostbite) by wind chills (/wiki/Wind_chill) (especially on exposed nosetip), or to protect the facial skin (/wiki/Skin) from harmful sunlight (/wiki/Health_effects_of_sunlight_exposure) during prolonged outdoor activities (/wiki/Outdoor_activities) (e.g. recreational fishing (/wiki/Recreational_fishing) ). Informal medical uses [ edit ] Following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States) , some media and governmental entities have included neck gaiters among apparel items for non-medical personnel to use to shield against viruses, when conventional personal protective equipment (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) is unavailable. Examples have included WebMD (/wiki/WebMD) [1] (#cite_note-1) and Riverside County, California (/wiki/Riverside_County,_California) health officials. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2020, a method was developed which allowed researchers to visualize the effect of masks blocking droplet emission during speaking. [3] (#cite_note-fi-meas-3) However, some media outlets claimed that neck gaiters were worse than not wearing masks at all in the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) , misinterpreting the study (/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Public_use_of_face_masks) which was intended to demonstrate a method for evaluating masks (and not actually to determine the effectiveness of different types of masks). [4] (#cite_note-lam-4-4) [5] (#cite_note-ls-syd-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The study also only looked at one wearer wearing the one neck gaiter made from a polyester/ spandex (/wiki/Spandex) blend, which is not sufficient evidence to support the claim about gaiters made in the media. [5] (#cite_note-ls-syd-5) The study found that the neck gaiter, which was made from a thin and stretchy material, appeared to be ineffective at limiting airborne droplets expelled from the wearer; Isaac Henrion, one of the co-authors, suggests that the result was likely due to the material rather than the style, stating that "Any mask made from that fabric would probably have the same result, no matter the design." [7] (#cite_note-7) Warren S. Warren (/wiki/Warren_S._Warren) , a co-author, said that they tried to be careful with their language in interviews, but added that the press coverage has "careened out of control" for a study testing a measuring technique. [4] (#cite_note-lam-4-4) In a later study (2021) funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health) , part of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) , researchers found that neck gaiters and other face masks can significantly reduce the expulsion (/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)) of small respiratory aerosol (/wiki/Aerosol) particles during coughing, suggesting that various types of face coverings can make an important contribution to reducing the quantity of aerosol particles containing viruses—such as SARS-CoV-2 (/wiki/SARS-CoV-2) during the COVID-19 pandemic—released into the environment by infected people. [8] (#cite_note-lin-eff-8) The results showed that a single-layered gaiter blocked 47% and a double-layered gaiter blocked 60% of the test aerosols from being released into the environment, with increasing efficiency at larger aerosol sizes and vice versa. [8] (#cite_note-lin-eff-8) However, by that point much of the damage had been done as many businesses and corporations such as Disney, Spirit Airlines, and Carnival Cruise Lines had enacted policies prohibiting the use of gaiters as an acceptable type of face covering. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hansa D. Bhargava, MD (April 16, 2020). "Coronavirus Face Masks: What You Should Know" (https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-face-masks#1) . WebMD (/wiki/WebMD) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Luke Money; Deborah Netburn; Rong-Gong Lin II (April 2, 2020). "Face masks could provide coronavirus protection. But there's a 'but' (https://web.archive.org/web/20200402135849/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-02/face-masks-could-provide-coronavirus-protection-california-health-officials-say) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20200402135849/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-02/face-masks-could-provide-coronavirus-protection-california-health-officials-say) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-02/face-masks-could-provide-coronavirus-protection-california-health-officials-say) on April 2, 2020 . Retrieved August 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-fi-meas_3-0) Fischer, Emma P.; et al. (August 7, 2020). "Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7467698) . Science Advances (/wiki/Science_Advances) . 6 (36). Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2020SciA....6.3083F (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020SciA....6.3083F) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1126/sciadv.abd3083 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abd3083) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7467698 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7467698) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32917603 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917603) . ^ a b Lambert, Jonathan (12 August 2020). "4 reasons you shouldn't trash your neck gaiter based on the new mask study" (https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-covid19-neck-gaiters-masks-droplets-study) . Science News . ^ a b Saplakoglu, Yasemin (13 August 2020). "Should you ditch your gaiter as a face mask? Not so fast, scientists say" (https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-neck-gaiters.html) . Live Science . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Parker-Pope, Tara (17 August 2020). "Save the Gaiters!" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/17/well/live/coronavirus-gaiters-masks.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Krubsack, Rachel (14 August 2020). "Gaiters getting a bad rap for COVID-19 protection?" (https://www.jjkeller.com/learn/news/082020/Gaiters-getting-a-bad-rap-for-COVID-19-protection) . J. J. Keller . ^ a b Lindsley, William G.; Blachere, Francoise M.; Law, Brandon F.; Beezhold, Donald H.; Noti, John D. (7 January 2021). "Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosols" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345365) . Aerosol Science and Technology . 55 (4): 449–457. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2021AerST..55..449L (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AerST..55..449L) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02786826.2020.1862409) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 9345365 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345365) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 35924077 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35924077) . 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Perfume museum in France For the Fragonard (/wiki/Fragonard_(fragrance)) museum, see Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) . Grand Musée du Parfum Founders Guillaume de Maussion Coordinates 48°52′17″N 2°18′53″E / 48.8714°N 2.3147°E / 48.8714; 2.3147 The Grand Musée du Parfum was a Paris perfumery museum that operated from December 22nd, 2016, to July 6th, 2018. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) History [ edit ] The Grand Musée du Parfum opened on 22 December 2016. [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) It was founded by entrepreneur Guillaume de Maussion [4] (#cite_note-4) whose ambition was to create a "scientific, creative and accessible" space. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It was overseen by fragrance experts including Jean-Claude Ellena (/wiki/Jean-Claude_Ellena) (in-house perfumer at Hermes), Mathilde Laurent (/wiki/Mathilde_Laurent) (house perfumer at Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) ), and Sylvaine Delacourte (/w/index.php?title=Sylvaine_Delacourte&action=edit&redlink=1) (director of fragrance for Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) ). [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The museum, developed over two years. [6] (#cite_note-6) A 5-year partnership had been inked with the International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) , the museum had the support of Paris' Mayor Anne Hidalgo (/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo) , of the Fédération des Entreprises de la Beauté and of the Syndicat Français de la Parfumerie. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) The museum closed on 6 July 2018. No explanation was provided as to why it closed. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Description [ edit ] The Grand Musée du Parfum was located in the hôtel particulier (/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier) at 73, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) . The 1,400 m 2 building was fully renovated at a cost of 7 million euros. It was once the residence of the Roederer champagne family (/wiki/Louis_Roederer) and later the location of fashion house Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) . [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) Exhibits included a recreation of the laboratory of French perfume house Houbigant (/wiki/Houbigant_Parfum) (founded in 1775 at 19, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré), using items on loan from the Musée Carnavalet (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet) (the museum of the history of Paris). [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) It also had a "garden of scent" with white sculptures that each released different scents. [8] (#cite_note-8) Entry cost between 5 and 14.50 Euro. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Weil, Jennifer (2018-07-06). "Le Grand Musée du Parfum Shutters in Paris" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/le-grand-musee-du-parfum-shutters-in-paris-1202751003/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180707030943/https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/le-grand-musee-du-parfum-shutters-in-paris-1202751003/) from the original on 2018-07-07 . Retrieved 2018-07-07 . ^ a b c Artaud, Ophélie (6 July 2018). "Fermeture du Grand Musée du Parfum à Paris" (http://www.lefigaro.fr/sortir-paris/2018/07/06/30004-20180706ARTFIG00246-fermeture-du-grand-musee-du-parfum-a-paris.php) . Figaro (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180706174417/http://www.lefigaro.fr/sortir-paris/2018/07/06/30004-20180706ARTFIG00246-fermeture-du-grand-musee-du-parfum-a-paris.php) from the original on 6 July 2018 . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . ^ a b "Le Grand Musée du parfum ouvre à Paris" (https://www.lefigaro.fr/sortir-paris/2016/12/14/30004-20161214ARTFIG00040-le-grand-musee-du-parfum-ouvre-a-paris.php) . Le Figaro (in French). 2016-12-14 . Retrieved 2024-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Meltzer, Hannah (December 22, 2016). "A first look inside Le Grand Musée de Parfum, a museum of scent in Paris" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/france/paris/articles/le-grand-musee-du-parfum--an-immersive-multi-sensory-perfume-jou/) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074444/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/france/paris/articles/le-grand-musee-du-parfum--an-immersive-multi-sensory-perfume-jou/) from the original on 8 July 2018 . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . ^ a b c Nicklin, Mary Winston (November 28, 2016). "Paris's New Perfume Museum Smells Amazing (Obviously)" (https://www.cntraveler.com/story/a-sneak-peek-at-pariss-new-grand-musee-du-parfum) . Condé Nast Traveler . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201609/https://www.cntraveler.com/story/a-sneak-peek-at-pariss-new-grand-musee-du-parfum) from the original on 7 July 2018 . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Helmi, Kunang (December 29, 2016). "Visiting the luxurious but not elitist Le Grand Musee du Parfum in Paris" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/12/29/visiting-the-luxurious-but-not-elitist-le-grand-musee-du-parfum-in-paris.html) . The Jakarta Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180708075539/http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/12/29/visiting-the-luxurious-but-not-elitist-le-grand-musee-du-parfum-in-paris.html) from the original on 2018-07-08 . Retrieved 2018-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sayej, Nadja (2017-04-10). "This Extraordinary New Museum Doesn't Actually Have Any Art" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/travel-dining/news/a20990/perfume-museum-paris/) . Harper's Bazaar . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201815/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/travel-dining/news/a20990/perfume-museum-paris/) from the original on 2018-07-07 . Retrieved 2018-07-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Fearon, Francesca (January 8, 2017). "The newly opened Le Grand Musée du Parfum in Paris tells the story of fragrance" (https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/the-newly-opened-le-grand-mus%C3%A9e-du-parfum-in-paris-tells-the-story-of-fragrance-1.37341) . The National . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074635/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/the-newly-opened-le-grand-mus%C3%A9e-du-parfum-in-paris-tells-the-story-of-fragrance-1.37341) from the original on 2018-07-08 . Retrieved 2018-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Le Grand Musée du parfum à Paris ferme au bout d'un an et demi" (http://www.europe1.fr/culture/le-grand-musee-du-parfum-a-paris-ferme-au-bout-dun-an-et-demi-3703514) . Europe 1 (in French). July 6, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074213/http://www.europe1.fr/culture/le-grand-musee-du-parfum-a-paris-ferme-au-bout-dun-an-et-demi-3703514) from the original on 2018-07-08 . Retrieved 2018-07-08 . 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German-American social media influencer and model Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck Born Maria Lara Cosima Gräfin Henckel von Donnersmarck ( 2003-05-17 ) May 17, 2003 (age 21) Florida, United States Alma mater Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) Occupation(s) Social Media Content Creator; Fashion Influencer; Model Parent(s) Count Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Florian_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) Christiane Asschenfeldt Relatives Count Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Count_Leo-Ferdinand_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) (grandfather) Countess Anna-Maria von Berg (/wiki/Countess_Anna-Maria_von_Berg) (grandmother) Family Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) TikTok information Page lara_cosima (https://www.tiktok.com/@lara_cosima) Followers 1M Likes 26.4M Last updated: 19 June 2024 Countess Maria Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck (born May 17, 2003), known as Lara Cosima , is a German-American model, socialite, and social media influencer. In 2023, she was selected to open Le Bal des débutantes (/wiki/Le_Bal_des_d%C3%A9butantes) in Paris, where she was presented as a debutante. She made her modeling debut in 2024 at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . Early life and family [ edit ] Henckel von Donnersmarck was born on 17 May 2003 in Florida. [1] (#cite_note-1) Her parents are film director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Florian_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) and Christiane Asschenfeldt, a lawyer and the first International Executive Director of Creative Commons (/wiki/Creative_Commons) . [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) [3] (#cite_note-tatler-3) Henckel von Donnersmarck grew up primarily in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . [4] (#cite_note-newyorker-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She is a member of the House of Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) , an Austro-Hungarian noble family. [3] (#cite_note-tatler-3) She is the granddaughter of Count Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Count_Leo-Ferdinand_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) , a former president of the German division of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta) , and Countess Anna-Maria von Berg (/wiki/Anna-Maria_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) , a left-wing political activist. Her granduncle, Count Gregor Henckel Donnersmarck, is a Catholic priest and the Abbot Emeritus of Heiligenkreuz Abbey (/wiki/Heiligenkreuz_Abbey) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Her great-grandfather, Count Friedrich-Carl Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Friedrich-Carl_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) , was a Polish scholastic philosopher and landowner whose castle, Schloss Romolkwitz (/wiki/Romolkwitz) , was burned down by the Soviet Army (/wiki/Soviet_Army) during the flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II (/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II) . [4] (#cite_note-newyorker-4) She is a great-great granddaughter of the industrialist Count Edwin Henckel von Donnersmarck (/wiki/Edwin_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck) . Career [ edit ] Since Fall of 2022, Henckel von Donnersmarck has been studying fashion design at Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) in Manhattan. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-elle-8) She spent two consecutive summers interning for Dior (/wiki/Dior) 's haute couture division in Paris. [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) While in Paris, she also enrolled at ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) . [9] (#cite_note-9) She amassed hundreds of thousands of followers on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) by creating edits of her student life in New York and by posting "GRWM" videos in Paris. [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) [3] (#cite_note-tatler-3) [8] (#cite_note-elle-8) By December 2023, her videos had been viewed over 100 million times. [10] (#cite_note-hello-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Henckel von Donnersmarck received both admiration and criticism online for her videos, showcasing a luxurious Parisian life, and was accused by some viewers of being a " nepo baby (/wiki/Nepo_baby) ." [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-itk-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2023 and 2024, false accusations circulated on social media platforms that Henckel von Donnersmarck's family had aided the Nazis (/wiki/Nazis) during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In November 2023, Henckel von Donnersmarck was presented to society (/wiki/Debutante) at Le Bal des débutantes (/wiki/Bal_des_d%C3%A9butantes) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) For the occasion, she was dressed in a gown by Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) and the Couteulx floral diamond tiara designed by Guillot, made from the jewelry collection of Baron Jacques-Jean Le Couteulx and Baroness Geneviève-Sophie Le Couteulx. [19] (#cite_note-19) [10] (#cite_note-hello-10) She was selected to open the ball, dancing a waltz with her father. [20] (#cite_note-20) [3] (#cite_note-tatler-3) She was officially escorted by Archduke Károly Konstantin von Habsburg, son of Archduke Georg von Habsburg (/wiki/Georg_von_Habsburg) and Duchess Eilika zu Oldenburg (/wiki/Eilika_Duchess_of_Oldenburg) . [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) [21] (#cite_note-21) The ball raised funds for the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (/wiki/Necker-Enfants_Malades_Hospital) and the World Central Kitchen (/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen) . [3] (#cite_note-tatler-3) In January 2024, Henckel von Donnersmarck walked in a show at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Krásná influencerka pochází ze slavného šlechtického rodu: Lara se stala senzací sociálních sítí" (https://www.blesk.cz/clanek/zpravy-pribehy/763120/krasna-influencerka-pochazi-ze-slavneho-slechtickeho-rodu-lara-se-stala-senzaci-socialnich-siti.html) . 7 December 2023. ^ a b c d "Titles and Tiaras: Paris's le Bal des Débutantes Dripped in Old Word Glamour" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/paris-le-bal-des-debutantes-2023) . 27 November 2023. ^ a b c d e "Influencer, sartorial star and countess: Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck is the belle of le Bal" (https://www.tatler.com/article/countess-lara-cosima-is-striking-in-silver-at-la-bal-des-debutantes-in-paris) . 29 November 2023. ^ a b Goodyear, Dana (14 January 2019). "An Artist's Life, Refracted in Film" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/01/21/an-artists-life-refracted-in-film) . The New Yorker – via www.newyorker.com. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Lara Henckel von Donnersmarck: "Wir haben mit Johnny Depp zusammen in Venedig gelebt" (https://www.gala.de/stars/news/lara-henckel-von-donnersmarck-im-interview--eine-kindheit-mit-hollywoodstars-23959682.html) " (https://www.gala.de/stars/news/lara-henckel-von-donnersmarck-im-interview--eine-kindheit-mit-hollywoodstars-23959682.html) . 3 December 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-6) https://www.smomembassytoslovenia.org/pilgrimage-to-the-blessed-karl-emperor-and-king-of-austria-and-hungary-bailiff-of-the-sovereign-military-order-of-malta/ (https://www.smomembassytoslovenia.org/pilgrimage-to-the-blessed-karl-emperor-and-king-of-austria-and-hungary-bailiff-of-the-sovereign-military-order-of-malta/) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck, chi è l'influencer dal sangue blu con la passione per la moda" (https://www.vanityfair.it/article/lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-influencer-modella-sangue-blu-moda-tiktok) . 6 October 2023. ^ a b "Shopping for Debutante Ball Gowns with TikTok's Favorite Dior Intern" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/a44706695/lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-interview-2023/) . 2 August 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Lara Henckel von Donnersmarck: "Wir haben mit Johnny Depp zusammen in Venedig gelebt" (https://www.gala.de/stars/news/lara-henckel-von-donnersmarck-im-interview--eine-kindheit-mit-hollywoodstars-23959682.html) " (https://www.gala.de/stars/news/lara-henckel-von-donnersmarck-im-interview--eine-kindheit-mit-hollywoodstars-23959682.html) . 3 December 2023. ^ a b "Countess Lara Cosima's fairytale debut at 2023 Débutante Ball proves she more than just a TikTok It Girl" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/celebrity-style/508465/who-is-countess-lara-cosima-2023-debutante-ball/) . 28 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Best dressed royals, stars and socialites at the Débutante Ball 2023: Angelina Jordan, Countess Lara-Cosima, more" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/celebrity-style/508304/best-dressed-debutantes-ball-2023-gallery/) . 26 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Mumtaz, Ayesha (6 December 2023). "German-American Heiress Countess Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck Takes Social Media by Storm" (https://bnn.network/lifestyle/german-american-heiress-countess-lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-takes-social-media-by-storm/) . Breaking News Network . Retrieved 9 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck is TikTok's Noble Influencer" (https://www.ebaumsworld.com/articles/lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-is-tiktoks-noble-influencer/87421107/) . ^ (#cite_ref-itk_14-0) Balao, Neia (15 June 2023). "NYC Influencer Receives Mixed Responses After Showing Her Lavish Lifestyle And Day In The Life As An Intern At Dior In Paris: 'Ugh Wish I Was A Nepo Baby' (https://www.intheknow.com/post/nyc-influencer-receives-mixed-responses-after-showing-her-lavish-lifestyle-and-day-in-the-life-as-an-intern-at-dior-in-paris-ugh-wish-i-was-a-nepo-baby/) " (https://www.intheknow.com/post/nyc-influencer-receives-mixed-responses-after-showing-her-lavish-lifestyle-and-day-in-the-life-as-an-intern-at-dior-in-paris-ugh-wish-i-was-a-nepo-baby/) . In The Know (/wiki/In_The_Know) . Retrieved 9 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Antony, Aaron (13 July 2023). " (https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/need-someone-like-her-lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-s-identity-revealed-tiktoker-s-opulent-life-sparks-hilarious-reactions-online) "Need someone like her": Lara Cosima Henckel Von Donnersmarck's identity revealed as TikToker's opulent life sparks hilarious reactions online" (https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/need-someone-like-her-lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-s-identity-revealed-tiktoker-s-opulent-life-sparks-hilarious-reactions-online) . Sportskeeda (/wiki/Sportskeeda) . Nazara Technologies (/wiki/Nazara_Technologies) . Retrieved 9 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) https://airmail.news/issues/2024-1-13/poor-little-reich-girl (https://airmail.news/issues/2024-1-13/poor-little-reich-girl) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "El dúo estrella del Baile de Debutantes: Victoria Mestre Cisneros (Nieta de la mecenas Ella Fontanals-Cisneros) y su primo Lucas Macaya (Nieto de Cristina Macaya) deslumbran en París" (https://www.revistavanityfair.es/articulos/baile-de-debutantes-victoria-mestre-cisneros-nieta-de-la-mecenas-ella-fontanals-y-su-primo-lucas-macaya-nieto-de-cristina) . 27 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Rania Abdulla (29 November 2023). "Who Was Presented at Le Bal des Débutantes 2023 in Paris?" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/hbanews/le-bal-des-debutantes-2023) . Harper's Bazaar Arabia . Retrieved 4 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Tiaras históricas, alta costura y una reina del baile: La fiesta anacrónica de los 'nepobabies' (https://www.elindependiente.com/gente/2023/12/02/lara-cosima-reina-baile-debutantes-paris/) " (https://www.elindependiente.com/gente/2023/12/02/lara-cosima-reina-baile-debutantes-paris/) . December 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "When the bodyguard comes to the loo with you" (https://aussiedlerbote.de/en/when-the-bodyguard-comes-to-the-loo-with-you/) . 27 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "L'Archiduc Károly-Konstantin charmant cavalier de la comtesse Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck au Bal des débutantes" (https://histoiresroyales.fr/archiduc-karoly-konstantin-charmant-cavalier-comtesse-lara-cosima-henckel-von-donnersmarck-bal-des-debutantes/) . 27 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Which society darlings shone the brightest on the front row at Paris Couture Week?" (https://www.tatler.com/gallery/paris-couture-week-ss24-front-row) . 26 January 2024. 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Johnny Weir, 2010 Figure skater and television commentator Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) is a two-time Olympian ( 2006 (/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics) and 2010 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics) ), the 2008 World bronze medalist (/wiki/2008_World_Figure_Skating_Championships) , a two-time Grand Prix Final (/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final) bronze medalist, the 2001 World Junior Champion (/wiki/2001_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships) , and a three-time U.S. National champion (/wiki/United_States_Figure_Skating_Championships) (2004–2006). Weir had two coaches in his competitive figure skating career, Priscilla Hill (/wiki/Priscilla_Hill) , who was, unlike many figure skating coaches, was "nurturing and gentle" [1] (#cite_note-weir-176-1) and Russian Galina Zmievskaya (/wiki/Galina_Zmievskaya) , who had a different approach to coaching than Hill. Hill trained Weir in pair skating (/wiki/Pair_skating) to strengthen his skating and to focus on skills other than jumps (/wiki/Figure_skating_jumps) . Zmievskaya had a more Russian approach and focused on "drill sergeant-like demands for discipline and rigor". [2] (#cite_note-benton-2) Weir considered his style of figure skating artistic and classical and was known for his lyricism. He believed that his style was "a hybrid of Russian and American skating", [3] (#cite_note-weir-78-3) which was brought out by hiring coaches from those countries and often caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating (/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating) , as did many of his costume choices. He was instructed by Yuri Sergeev, a dancer for the St. Petersburg Ballet (/wiki/St_Petersburg_Ballet_Theatre) , taught himself the Russian language, conversing with Zmievskaya in Russian, and compared himself to Russian skater Evgeni Plushenko (/wiki/Evgeni_Plushenko) . In 2014, Weir designed Olympic gold medalist Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) 's costume for his free skating program, worn during the Sochi Olympics (/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) . Weir's outspokenness caused conflict between him and U.S. Figure Skating. Weir was praised for being one of the few figure skaters who spoke his mind, even when he knew it would get him in trouble with federation officials and judges. The press, especially in the U.S., made much out of the rivalry between Weir and his fellow competitor and rival, Evan Lysacek (/wiki/Evan_Lysacek) . Coaching [ edit ] Johnny Weir's first coach, Priscilla Hill (/wiki/Priscilla_Hill) , unlike many figure skating coaches, was "nurturing and gentle". [1] (#cite_note-weir-176-1) She became "a second mom" to him in Delaware. [4] (#cite_note-johnnydrama-4) At the beginning of Weir's career, "all [he] wanted to do was jump (/wiki/Figure_skating_jumps) ; [5] (#cite_note-notjumping-5) as sports writer Philip Hersh stated, jumping had always "come ridiculously easy to Weir". [6] (#cite_note-goodtime-6) Hill trained Weir in pair skating (/wiki/Pair_skating) , teaming him with Jodi Rudden (/w/index.php?title=Jodi_Rudden&action=edit&redlink=1) the first year they worked together, to focus on other aspects of figure skating, such as edges, spinning, footwork, and artistry. He and Rudden won a few minor competitions in pair skating (/wiki/Pair_skating) the first two years he skated competitively. By 2005, Weir's skating skills were good enough that he did not need a quadruple jump to do well in competition, although he worked on adding it to his programs. [5] (#cite_note-notjumping-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2007, he changed coaches and hired Galina Zmievskaya (/wiki/Galina_Zmievskaya) , whom reporter Amy Strauss called "the polar opposite" [4] (#cite_note-johnnydrama-4) of Hill. He thought that he would benefit from Zmievskaya's "drill sergeant-like demands for discipline and rigor", [2] (#cite_note-benton-2) as well as her Russian approach to figure skating. She also focused on improving his jumps; Hill did not tend to focus on jumps in order to avoid stressing his body. [8] (#cite_note-weir-196-8) Zmievskaya made him practice his jumps over and over again, especially quadruple jumps. Before training with her, he had "a very free entrance" [8] (#cite_note-weir-196-8) into his triple Axel. He relied on his natural talent and would fly into his jumps, which made them exciting for him to perform and for the audience to watch. Zmievskaya had a strict pattern for how he accomplished his jumps, no matter how much it punished his body. He admitted in 2018, however, that quadruple jumps were his "nemesis". [9] (#cite_note-9) Weir said that even though Zmievskaya was tougher than he was used to, she was also nurturing, caring for him, and controlling every aspect of his life. They developed a strong bond after a few weeks of working together. [10] (#cite_note-10) Weir's first coach, Priscilla Hill, in 2010 Weir and Zmievskaya during the 2008 Grand Prix Final (/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final) Artistry [ edit ] Weir called his style classical. He was known for being "a very lyrical skater"; [11] (#cite_note-seekstoretain-11) Olympic champion and commentator Dick Button (/wiki/Dick_Button) described Weir as "more than just a jumper but an entertaining artisan". [12] (#cite_note-parees-12) Weir told figure skating reporter Lou Parees in 2004 that he believed that he was able to offset his technical weaknesses with his elegance. He did not think he needed to include quadruple jumps in his programs because he focused on other aspects of his skating. Parees said that Weir's landings were graceful and elegant, and that his spins were unique. At the time, Weir's secure landings earned him more points than skaters who attempted quadruple jumps and fell. He told Parees that "the softer edge" of his skating, which he did not need to practice, came naturally to him. [12] (#cite_note-parees-12) Weir told figure skating reporter Barry Mittan in 2005 that he thought the ISU Judging System (/wiki/ISU_Judging_System) , which was implemented in 2004, [13] (#cite_note-13) benefited him because at the time, it rewarded every part of a skater's programs, especially Weir's strengths, such as "having good flow out of my jumps and having a different look on the ice”. [11] (#cite_note-seekstoretain-11) Weir performing his exhibition program " Poker Face (/wiki/Poker_Face_(Lady_Gaga_song)) ," inspired by the Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) song, at the 2009 Festa On Ice (/wiki/Festa_On_Ice) Weir told Jeré Longman of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) after the 2010 U.S. Nationals (/wiki/2010_U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships) , "My obligation has always been to bring the artistic side of my sport out. Jumps are jumps, and everybody can do those jumps. But not everybody can show something wonderful and special and unique and different". [14] (#cite_note-glitter-14) He also told Longman that he had no interest in making figure skating more "mainstream or masculine", [14] (#cite_note-glitter-14) and that figure skating had a specific audience attracted to the sport's athleticism, theatricality, elegance, and artistry. Frank Carroll (/wiki/Frank_Carroll_(figure_skater)) , who coached Weir's rival Evan Lysacek (/wiki/Evan_Lysacek) , said that he respected Weir for knowing who he was and for not caring what others thought of him. [14] (#cite_note-glitter-14) Weir believed that his style was "a hybrid of Russian and American skating", [3] (#cite_note-weir-78-3) two different approaches to figure skating. He said, in his 2011 autobiography Welcome to My World , "With coaches from both countries, I had married the artistic with the athletic, the passion with the technique. My costumes were different and so was the way I moved my body. I was an American boy with a Russian soul, and nobody else skated like me". [3] (#cite_note-weir-78-3) Weir developed a connection with Russia and with the Russian style of figure skating early in his career. [15] (#cite_note-weir-49-15) His first ballet teacher in Delaware, Yuri Sergeev, was a dancer for the St. Petersburg Ballet (/wiki/St_Petersburg_Ballet_Theatre) , [11] (#cite_note-seekstoretain-11) [16] (#cite_note-16) and he taught himself the Russian language, conversing with Zmievskaya in Russian. [17] (#cite_note-17) He also studied czarist history and wore a jacket from the "old Soviet team uniform as a good-luck charm", given to him by Russian pairs skater and Olympic gold medalist Tatiana Totmianina (/wiki/Tatiana_Totmianina) , during the 2006 Olympics in Turin. [18] (#cite_note-weir-54-18) Weir compared his style to Russian champion Evgeni Plushenko (/wiki/Evgeni_Plushenko) , stating, "I think Plushenko is a very modern Russia, as it is now. I'm more from the Baryshnikov (/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov) era". [19] (#cite_note-comradeinarms-19) This aspect of his skating style often caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating; Weir also said that his skating style, his programs, and costumes, especially his short program and accompanying costume he wore at his first Russian Grand Prix in 2002, was considered "an affront to American skating tradition". [18] (#cite_note-weir-54-18) Weir stated that his connection with Russia caused many Russian fans to "came to think of me as one of their own". [15] (#cite_note-weir-49-15) Figure skating reporter Gwen Knapp called Weir "an honorary Russian". [19] (#cite_note-comradeinarms-19) Costumes [ edit ] Weir in his famous swan costume, worn for his short program (/wiki/Short_program_(figure_skating)) during the 2005–2006 season Weir often designed his own costumes or worked extensively with his designers. At times, his costume choices caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating, which he called "the federation". [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2002, the first time he traveled to Russia for a competition, he was told by American skating officials that he had to change both his costume, which he had designed, and hairstyle, because they found them "too unique" and "disrespectful". [21] (#cite_note-21) Weir's costumes helped him compete; like his music choices, they helped create his programs' mood and character. He stated, "I can't skate unless I feel beautiful", [22] (#cite_note-22) so he spent a lot of time on his costume, hair, and makeup. In 2014, Weir designed Olympic gold medalist Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) 's costume for his free skating program, worn during the Sochi Olympics (/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) . [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2018, Hanyu paid tribute to Weir with his short program, as well as to Russian champion Evgeni Plushenko (/wiki/Evgeni_Plushenko) in his free skating program. [24] (#cite_note-24) Figure skater costume designer and Emmy-winner Jef Billings expressed his opinion that Weir's "singular personality" and "exaggerated style" [14] (#cite_note-glitter-14) might have undercut Weir's skating. Phillip Hersh stated that earlier in Weir's career, he was able to maintain a balance between his "understated elegance" and "the too-too costumes he prefers", but by 2010, "the balance has tipped toward shtick". [14] (#cite_note-glitter-14) In 2010, Weir designed fellow Olympian Yuzuru Hanyu's (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) free skate (/wiki/Free_skating) costume. [25] (#cite_note-25) Influence [ edit ] The haters have lost, they and all their floods of hate mail and death threats that flowed from the 2006 Olympics. The uncompromising Johnny Weir, on the verge of the culmination of his competitive career, has won. Among the world's best male skaters, Weir exhibits the most fluid poetry of motion, consciously elevating the sport's artistic elements over its purely athletic ones. But there has also been a powerful, tenacious, true grit that accounts for his success. The 2006 Olympics marked the first time the wider world of sports enthusiasts encountered him, and many did not take kindly to his flamboyant, outspoken manner. Thus, when he didn't win a medal, the floodgates of hate issued forth. Not only Weir's perseverance, but a change in the mood of the country – reflected in the 2008 election – accounts for the fact that he's now seen as less freaking people out, and more entertaining and enlightening them with his wit and unapologetic uniqueness. By simply being himself in such an open and high-profile way, he creates space for countless others to venture out with their own special individuality, and in doing this, he is making his best contribution of all. Figure skating reporter Nicholas Benton (/wiki/Nicholas_Benton) , 2010, [26] (#cite_note-26) Weir's outspokenness often caused conflict between him and U.S. Figure Skating. In 2004, the federation told Hill to have Weir "tone down the skater's act" after he described the costume he wore during U.S. Nationals as "an icicle on crack". [6] (#cite_note-goodtime-6) [27] (#cite_note-27) Knapp called Weir "a natural with the media—smart, witty, insightful". [19] (#cite_note-comradeinarms-19) Steve Kelley of the Seattle Times called Weir "as much a world-class sportsman as he is a showman". [28] (#cite_note-stevekelley-28) Kelley also called Weir "refreshing" in the "increasingly uptight" sport of figure skating, someone who celebrated his outlandishness and genuineness. He also stated, "While figure skating tries to become more mainstream and looks for some love from the NFL-loving fans, while it tries to 'masculinize' its sport, it shouldn't forget about athletic showmen like Johnny Weir. He is too good and too charismatic to be ignored". [28] (#cite_note-stevekelley-28) The Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) (AP), prior to Weir's retirement in 2013, said that Weir had "always been delightfully refreshing, on and off the ice". [29] (#cite_note-outofsochi-29) The AP praised Weir for being one of the few figure skaters who spoke his mind, even when he knew it would get him in trouble with federation officials and judges. They also said, "His colorfulness is part of his massive appeal, and he remains one of skating's most popular figures, particularly in Japan and Russia". [29] (#cite_note-outofsochi-29) The press made much of the rivalry between Weir and Evan Lysacek. E.M. Swift of Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) wrote in 2007 that their rivalry was "exacerbated by Weir's increasingly outlandish behavior", [30] (#cite_note-somethingspecial-30) [31] (#cite_note-2007highlights-31) citing a recent photo shoot and Weir's fashion choices at press conferences during Nationals. [30] (#cite_note-somethingspecial-30) Nancy Armour of the AP reported during U.S. Nationals in 2007 that Lysacek and Weir had a "good rivalry" [32] (#cite_note-32) that had developed over the previous few years. For five straight years, either Weir or Lysacek won gold at U.S. Nationals, Weir in 2004, 2005, and 2006, and Lysacek in 2007 and 2008, to the point that Weir called Nationals the "Evan and Johnny show". [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Inevitably, Weir and Lysacek's skating styles and personalities were often compared. For example, Swift stated that even through they were evenly matched in their skating skills and abilities, they were "stylistic opposites". [36] (#cite_note-scoring-36) Swift compared Weir and Lysacek in this way: "Lysacek is all sparks of energy, emotion and gangly strength...Weir tries to embody elegance, style and fragile grace". [36] (#cite_note-scoring-36) As for Weir and Lysacek themselves, they tended to downplay their rivalry. [37] (#cite_note-Seattle_Times-37) [38] (#cite_note-pioneerpress-38) In 2007, the Denver Post (/wiki/The_Denver_Post) reported that although Weir and Lysacek were not friends, they were friendly, complimenting each other's skating, touring together in Champions on Ice (/wiki/Champions_on_Ice) , and avoiding speaking negatively about each other. [39] (#cite_note-39) Also in 2007, Weir stated that the rivalry helped both he and Lysacek train and skate better, that it was exciting for the fans and for the skating community, and that it was good for U.S. men's figure skating. [38] (#cite_note-pioneerpress-38) [37] (#cite_note-Seattle_Times-37) By 2010, however, their rivalry intensified after Lysacek suggested that "a lack of talent" was the reason Weir was not hired to tour with Stars on Ice (/wiki/Stars_on_Ice) . Lysacek later apologized for his remarks. [40] (#cite_note-40) In 2021, Weir was inducted, along with professional figure skater and coach Sandy Schwomeyer Lamb (/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Schwomeyer_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1) and judge and official Gale Tanger (/w/index.php?title=Gale_Tanger&action=edit&redlink=1) , into the U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame (/wiki/United_States_Figure_Skating_Hall_of_Fame) . The inductions were postponed until the 2022 U.S. Figure Skating Championships (/wiki/2022_U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships) due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [41] (#cite_note-halloffame-41) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Weir, p. 176 ^ Jump up to: a b Benton, Nicholas F. (January 23, 2008). "Recharged Weir Determined to Take Back Skating Title" (https://fcnp.com/2008/01/23/recharged-weir-determined-to-take-back-skating-title/) . Falls Church News-Press . Falls Church, Virginia . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Weir, p. 78 ^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Amy (December 20, 2007). "Sports: Johnny Drama" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120918134054/http://www.phillymag.com/articles/johnny-drama/) . Philadelphia Magazine . Archived from the original (https://www.phillymag.com/articles/johnny-drama/) on September 18, 2012 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hersh, Philip (January 13, 2005). "Weir Not Jumping at Skating's New Scoring System" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-01-13-0501130361-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hersh, Philip (March 21, 2004). "U.S. Champ Johnny Weir Doesn't Mind If He Upsets a Few Federation Officials; the 19-Year-Old Simply Wants to Have a Good Time" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-03-21-0403210293-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Peterson, Anne M. (January 13, 2005). "Weir Took Wing Flying Solo" (https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2005/jan/13/weir-took-wing-flying-solo/) . Spokesman Review . Associated Press . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Weir, p. 196 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Lies, Elaine (January 4, 2018). "Figureskating-Quads: How Far Will They Go?" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2018-figs-quads/figureskating-quads-how-far-will-they-go-idUSKBN1ET1GC) . Reuters . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Weir, pp. 196—197 ^ Jump up to: a b c "Johnny Weir: USA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190321110607/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00003583.htm) . Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. July 24, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00003583.htm) on March 21, 2019 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Parees, Lou (June 21, 2004). "Johnny Weir: The Road to Russia" (https://www.goldenskate.com/2004/06/johnny-weir-the-road-to-russia/) . Golden Skate . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Thomson, Candus (February 1, 2006). "Revised System Born in Scandal" (https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2006-02-01-0602010042-story.html) . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Longman, Jeré (January 18, 2010). "The Difference Between Glitter and Gold for Johnny Weir" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/sports/olympics/19longman.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Weir, p. 49 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Weir, p. 29 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Weir, p. 194 ^ Jump up to: a b Weir, p. 54 ^ Jump up to: a b c Knapp, Gwen (February 15, 2006). "Comrade in Arms: Skater Weir is American in Fact, a Russian in Heart" (https://www.sfgate.com/sports/knapp/article/Comrade-in-arms-Skater-Weir-is-American-in-2522963.php) . SF Gate . Retrieved January 12, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Weir, p. 8 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Weir, p. 53 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Weir, p. 52 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Gaines, Cork (February 14, 2014). "Figure Skater Wins Gold Wearing A Costume Designed By Johnny Weir" (https://www.businessinsider.com/yuzuru-hanyu-gold-costume-johnny-weir-2014-2) . Business Insider . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Kwong, PJ (September 22, 2018). "The Evolution of Yuzuru Hanyu: How One of the Best Ever Keeps Developing" (https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figureskating/yuzuru-hanyu-evolution-figure-skating-1.4834978) . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Sports . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Flade, Tatjana (April 21, 2011). "Hanyu Shoots for the Top" (https://www.goldenskate.com/2011/04/shooting-for-the-top/) . Golden Skate . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Benton, Nicholas F. (February 17, 2010). "Johnny Weir Has Prevailed" (https://fcnp.com/2010/02/17/johnny-weir-has-prevailed/) . Falls Church News-Press . Falls Church, Virginia . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Weir, pp. 66—67 ^ Jump up to: a b Kelley, Steve (January 16, 2010). "Figure Skating's Flamboyant Johnny Weir Must be Taken Seriously" (https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/figure-skatings-flamboyant-johnny-weir-must-be-taken-seriously/) . The Seattle Times . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Skater Johnny Weir out of Sochi" (https://www.espn.com/olympics/figureskating/story/_/id/9685611/johnny-weir-sochi-not-registering-season) . ESPN . Associated Press. September 17, 2013 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Swift, E.M. (January 29, 2007). "Something Special" (https://www.si.com/more-sports/2007/01/29/fig-skatechamp) . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2007highlights_31-0) "2007 US Figure Skating Championships: Men's Highlights" (https://www.goldenskate.com/2007/01/2007-us-national-figure-skating-championships-mens-highlights/) . Golden Skate . January 30, 2007 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Armour, Nancy (January 25, 2007). "Weir, Lysacek Rivalry Heats up Today" (https://tucson.com/sports/weir-lysacek-rivalry-heats-up-today/article_667c43f3-bc4a-56e7-b9c5-abc3a01efa1d.html) . Arizona Daily Star . Tucson, Arizona. Associated Press . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Johnny Weir 2005/2006" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060615012712/http://www.isufs.org/bios/isufs00003583.htm) . International Skating Union. March 23, 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.isufs.org/bios/isufs00003583.htm) on June 15, 2006 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Evan Lysacek 2006/2007" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070702060637/http://www.isufs.org/bios/isufs00004495.htm) . International Skating Union. Archived from the original (http://www.isufs.org/bios/isufs00004495.htm) on July 2, 2007 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Macur, Juliet (January 23, 2009). "Weir and Lysacek Find Company at the Top" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/24/sports/othersports/24skate.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fit to be Tied: Scoring Anomaly Spices up Lysacek-Weir U.S. Rivalry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080131164210/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/em_swift/01/27/mens.skating/) . Sports Illustrated . January 27, 2008. Archived from the original (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/em_swift/01/27/mens.skating/) on January 31, 2008 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Men's Skating Needs This Rivalry of Weir-Lysacek" (https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/mens-skating-needs-this-rivalry-of-weir-lysacek/) . The Seattle Times . January 26, 2007 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Rivalry between Weir-Lysacek Gives US Skating Some Buzz" (https://www.twincities.com/2008/01/20/rivalry-between-weir-lysacek-gives-us-skating-some-buzz/) . Pioneer Press . St. Paul, Minnesota . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Henderson, John (January 24, 2007). "Weir, Lysacek Rule Landscape" (https://www.denverpost.com/2007/01/24/weir-lysacek-rule-landscape-in-u-s/) . The Denver Post . Denver, Colorado . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Benet, Lorenzo; Dyball, Rennie (April 30, 2010). "Inside Story: Evan Lysacek and Johnny Weir 'At War' (https://people.com/celebrity/inside-story-evan-lysacek-and-johnny-weir-at-war/) " (https://people.com/celebrity/inside-story-evan-lysacek-and-johnny-weir-at-war/) . People . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-halloffame_41-0) "Johnny Weir, Sandy Schwomeyer Lamb, Gale Tanger make U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame" (https://www.espn.com/olympics/figureskating/story/_/id/30607848/johnny-weir-sandy-schwomeyer-lamb-gale-tanger-make-us-figure-skating-hall-fame) . ESPN . Associated Press. December 28, 2020 . Retrieved February 13, 2023 . Works cited [ edit ] Weir, Johnny (2011). Welcome to My World . New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-1028-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-1028-4) . 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Use of social media platforms by fashion designers and consumers This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . 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You can help (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry&action=edit) . The talk page (/wiki/Talk:Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry) may contain suggestions. ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Social media in the fashion industry refers to the use of social media (/wiki/Social_media) platforms by fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and users to promote and participate in trends. Over the past several decades, the development of social media has increased along with its usage by consumers. The COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) pandemic was a sharp turn of reliance on the virtual sphere for the industry and consumers alike. Social media has created new channels of advertising (/wiki/Advertising) for fashion houses to reach their target markets. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Since its surge in 2009, luxury fashion brands have used social media to build interactions between the brand and its customers to increase awareness and engagement. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The emergence of influencers (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) on social media has created a new way of advertising and maintaining customer relationships in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . Numerous social media platforms are used to promote fashion trends, with Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) and TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) being the most popular among Generation Y (/wiki/Millennials) and Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The overall impact of social media in the fashion industry included the creation of online communities, direct communication between industry leaders and consumers, and criticized ideals that are promoted by the industry through social media. Background [ edit ] In 2003, at the beginning of social media development, MySpace (/wiki/Myspace) was founded as a “social networking service.” It allowed people to create a profile, connect with other people, and post videos, pictures, and songs. [3] (#cite_note-3) As MySpace grew in popularity, it attracted interest from companies wishing to promote their brands on the social platform. MySpace is most well known for exposing musicians and artists who made it big in the industry, and companies wanted to capitalize on their popularity by making brand deals. [4] (#cite_note-4) One of MySpace’s deals was with Chevrolet (/wiki/Chevrolet) , putting on a ‘secret show’. They had a ‘secret’ list of 10 top artists on MySpace, and many artists posted about the show on their accounts. Another brand deal was with Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) promoting their “Gucci Synch Watch”, which was very successful as Gucci tapped into the youthful audience on MySpace and advertised a sleek, simple, trendy unisex watch. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2005, Youtube (/wiki/YouTube) was released and remains one of the most popular social media platforms today. Youtube allows users to upload videos and is free to anyone with access to the internet. [6] (#cite_note-6) It grew in popularity offering a range of videos: vlogs (/wiki/Vlog) , cooking, health and diet videos, step-by-step tutorials, tutoring help, and more. Much like MySpace, users create accounts and can build a following, often referring to themselves as ‘YouTubers.’ When Youtube grew in popularity, it piqued the interest of brands wanting to partner with Youtube and individual YouTubers. [7] (#cite_note-7) Some brand deals were made by having ads at the beginning of each video, and the YouTuber would make a profit from each view they receive. Some deals are made by individual YouTubers thanking the brand in videos and promoting the brand's products. [8] (#cite_note-8) More recently, Youtube has delved into fashion. While there were always youtube channels for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and other fashion companies, popular YouTubers have been invited to different fashion shows and have filmed experiences there. Brands are able to target individual YouTubers based on their followers and the target audiences. In 2010, Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) was launched, which enlarged the scope of fashion advertising. Instagram allows people to post pictures and short videos with the ability to tag different accounts. [9] (#cite_note-9) For brand deals, companies can simply be tagged in a picture instead of creating ads or lines for a user to say. In each picture, users can tag the brands of clothing they were wearing, making it very easy to promote brands. [10] (#cite_note-10) Additionally, Instagram could display ads on users' feed based on other posts the users liked, which used by fashion companies to target their potential customers. Users also use Instagram to promote fashion when they get invited to fashion events. For example, they can take a picture at the event and post it to their Instagram and put their location at the venue and tag the company. During the beginning of the Covid-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) pandemic, companies relied more on social media to keep their public virtually engaged. Fashion companies had virtual fashion shows, creating videos and content about their designs. [11] (#cite_note-11) As social media expands and new platforms come into existence, new ways of advertising are projected to be created. Uses [ edit ] Advertising [ edit ] Social media (/wiki/Social_media) is a popular use of advertisement in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . Information sharing has expanded due to the growth of social media platforms, which impacts social consumer involvement with fashion brands. [12] (#cite_note-12) Fashion companies use social media platforms to reach customers on emotional levels and stoke engagement with brand images and messages. Researchers in the United Kingdom have demonstrated that engaging with customers with social media messages that express social passion, social tendency, and personal warmth can boost social engagement with fashion brands. [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) In social spheres, fashion is a method for individuals to represent their distinction through clothing. Some people who desire to socially influence others through their fashion and style now have the possibility thanks to social media in the fashion sector. Customers who want to purchase fashion brands frequently follow fashion authorities on social media and heed their recommendations for purchasing fashion products. [14] (#cite_note-14) Influencers [ edit ] Companies leveraged celebrities (/wiki/Celebrities) ' fame and social standing to advertise their brands, as Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) did when incorporating social media into their marketing strategy, making Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , who has 15.5 million Instagram followers as of 2016 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_media_in_the_fashion_industry&action=edit) , a brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) . Though recent developments in social media platforms have led to an increase in the awareness of influencers (/wiki/Influencer) . [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) Influencer marketing (/wiki/Influencer_marketing) has emerged as a fast expanding marketing strategy in various industries as a result of the unheard-of increase in the number of social media influencers' followers. [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) Recently, influencer marketing has received significant attention in the fashion industry. Research shows that influencer marketing may provide a rate of influence that is 11x times greater than that of other conventional advertising channels. [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Fashion consumers, specifically those in generations Y (/wiki/Millennials) and Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) , may be more influenced by influencers in the context of the fashion industries as they often view them as friends and personal assistants. [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) Fashion influencer marketing on social media platforms have led fashion consumption on social sopping services. [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) One of these social fashion services is LTK (LIKEtoKNOW.it before 2021) where everyday consumers can find and purchase clothing worn by social media fashion influencers (also known as SMFIs). [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Launched in 2014, LTK has gained a massive following on Instagram (over 3 million) and has 1.3 million registered users on their mobile application. [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) Utilizing SMFIs has led to massive sales within the fashion industry, 80% of visitors of Nordstrom’s (/wiki/Nordstrom) mobile platform are referred by influencers. [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) Social media fashion influencers try new fashion products, adopt fashion trends and have power in what their audience purchases. Social media fashion influencers gain a following though promoting fashion products, and posting about their lavish lifestyles attained through their higher socioeconomic status (/wiki/Socioeconomic_status) . [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) The attractive lifestyles of the influencers influence their followers to mimic their luxurious (/wiki/Luxurious) lifestyle (/wiki/Lifestyle_(social_sciences)) and are allowed to consume the same products through social shopping services. [17] (#cite_note-:7-17) Trends [ edit ] The connection between social media and fashion has become common. [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) Influencer marketing has emerged as a necessity and crucial component of advertising. 85% of American businesses are presently using influencer marketing as part of their marketing plan (/wiki/Marketing_plan) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Wearing fashion brands is a method to show oneself at social gatherings. Through their clothing, people try to demonstrate how distinct they are. Some people who desire to socially influence others through their fashion and style now have the possibility thanks to social media in the fashion sector. Customers who want to purchase fashion brands frequently follow fashion authorities on social media and heed their recommendations for purchasing fashion products. [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) In January 2021, the Italian fashion house Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) deleted all its social media accounts "to lean much more on its ambassadors and fans" to spread the company's social content, a trend that did not amplify. [20] (#cite_note-20) Fashion campaigns [ edit ] Fashion companies expanded in social media usage beyond advertisement to create a "conversation" with customers, allowing brands to have the opportunity to connect and develop relationships with customers through fashion campaigns. Charlotte Russe (/wiki/Charlotte_Russe_(retailer)) has a successful social media campaign with a strong following on Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. Their campaign focused on "user-generated content and social engagement." [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) Charlotte Russe holds a weekly trivia contest on Twitter, which compels consumers to visit their website and ran a 'Be The Next Charlotte Russe Design Star' contest, producing the winning T-shirt design. [21] (#cite_note-:1-21) Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_by_Marc_Jacobs) used social media for a worldwide model casting to showcase their new line. Marc selected models from Instagram that had the hash-tag #Marc and the campaign had almost 70,000 entries from around the world. [22] (#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-22) The head designer wanted to use Instagram for his casting in order to connect with a younger demographic. [22] (#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-22) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) used Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) to broadcast its Spring 2010 ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) show. [23] (#cite_note-23) The use of advertisements and influencers has helped Louis Vuitton grow between the years of 2010 and 2019. [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2019, Louis Vuitton partnered with Youtuber (/wiki/YouTuber) , Emma Chamberlain (/wiki/Emma_Chamberlain) for Paris Fashion Week. [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2012, Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) partnered with Facebook to achieve the largest online audience of a live-stream London (/wiki/London) fashion show. Over 200 million people were exposed to images and content from the runway. A direct impact was seen by Topshop as customers were able to immediately purchase the looks from the runway, with the first dress on the catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) selling out before the end of the show. [26] (#cite_note-26) Platforms [ edit ] The emergence of social media platforms in the early 2000's has been utilized by fashion brands to promote their products through the use of company-made and influencer-created messages, and share their name beyond advertising. On social media, brands have created profiles as an interactive identity to communicate with their audience or consumers and some use social media for selling directly to customers. Platforms such as TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) , Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) have allowed fashion brands to engage with consumers, often younger than the traditional target market. Utilizing algorithms and personalized pages for the consumers, brands can track likes, dislikes, and analyze data to reach new consumers. TikTok [ edit ] Luxury brands have turned to TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) to engage younger audiences. During Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) of February 2020, designer brand, Prada (/wiki/Prada) , collaborated with the TikTok influencer, Charli D’Amelio (/wiki/Charli_D%27Amelio) , and the video reached 36.8 million views. [27] (#cite_note-27) Later that year in September, TikTok launched its own fashion month and invited users to join by sharing content under hashtags #TikTokFashionMonth, #GetTheLook, and #Fashion101. [28] (#cite_note-Zargani2020-28) New York Fashion Week’s hashtags on TikTok were the most watched for the Fall 2020 fashion season, reaching 15.3 million visualizations and engaging 2.9 million users. [28] (#cite_note-Zargani2020-28) Instagram [ edit ] With the 2010 launch of Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , the app since then has gained over millions of followers. Instagram is now considered to be one of the most powerful tools in shaping the way consumers perceive brands. 81% of Instagram users use the platform to research products and services and 50% of users have visited a website to make a purchase after seeing a product or a service. [29] (#cite_note-29) Instagram has incorporated a “Shop” feature on the app; this feature presents the same design and layout as the content from followers, but when pictures are viewed, a marketplace window opens up as if you were shopping for the item on a website. [30] (#cite_note-30) The Shop feature makes content suggestions based on the users' data such as likes and following. Instagram users can comment on posted items and provide feedback and reviews of the product as well as rate their purchase. The posted items are associated with a brand, and this is linked to the brand’s instagram page. Instagram has added features to profile pages to assist in validation of verified brands, such as adding “Retailer” to the profile, to aid consumers in avoiding scams and faulty purchases. With over 200 million active users, access to creative content is virtually unlimited. Many fashion-forward Instagram accounts with large followings are able to turn their passions into businesses, generating income using their status within the community. Models and influencers who use Instagram for representation in fashion had a greater likelihood to walk on fashion runways. [31] (#cite_note-dl.acm.org-31) There is a direct correlation between user popularity on Instagram and their probability to succeed in the fashion industry. [31] (#cite_note-dl.acm.org-31) Facebook [ edit ] The introduction of the Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) Pages allows brands to create a Facebook profile for their brand and promote their name. This allowed for consumers to like, follow, and interact with the company page. The company would then post feed that would be received by consumers in their recent posts. Visual media interactions on social media platforms such as Facebook has been successful with the distribution of fashion media. [32] (#cite_note-32) Interactions can take place between the brand and consumer, through advertisements, sharing behind the scenes content and commenting on profiles. [33] (#cite_note-:20-33) Consumers can comment on brand’s posts, post pictures in the product, click links, like (/wiki/Facebook_like_button) , and share the page with their own network. [33] (#cite_note-:20-33) Fashion brands utilize Facebook to further connect with their consumers and provide more incentives to shop through special deals in addition to creating brand trust through giving insight on Facebook posts. [33] (#cite_note-:20-33) Pinterest [ edit ] Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) is a “visual discovery engine”. [34] (#cite_note-34) The social media component comes from users posting pins and creating pin-boards that other users can save and share. A class of second year fashion students at an American university have incorporated Pinterest into their course curriculum. [35] (#cite_note-35) The motive of utilizing social media in fashion was to open a dialogue of conversation between the designer and the consumer to directly access their wants and needs through the consumer’s Pin-Board. Using the platform of social media also allowed students to reach a broader audience of customers and their needs. YouTube [ edit ] More recently, fashion brands have expanded because of YouTubers (/wiki/List_of_YouTubers) . YouTubers would receive PR packages and advertise the brand in their videos, and the millions of people watching would see these advertisements and be more inclined to look on these brands' websites and order them. Some YouTubers would be invited to fashion shows, or events from big brands and vlog their experience and upload it to youtube. Impact on customers [ edit ] Online communities [ edit ] Social media platforms such as Facebook fan pages enable customers to communicate with each other and build online communities relating to common fashion interests. [36] (#cite_note-36) Customers rely on the opinions of other customers in online communities to make purchase decisions. [37] (#cite_note-37) 82% of U.S. adults have read online reviews before making first time purchasing decisions. [38] (#cite_note-38) Benefits [ edit ] Customers benefit from the fashion industry’s use of social media, as it provides a way to easily communicate with companies and other customers and view product lines. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) Customers also view fashion companies’ social media pages as a form of entertainment, and some use them for building their own social media presence as content creators and fashion influencers. [41] (#cite_note-41) Harms [ edit ] See also: Body image (/wiki/Body_image) , Problematic social media use (/wiki/Problematic_social_media_use) , and instagram § Impact_on_people (/wiki/Instagram#Impact_on_people) The fashion industry's use of social media has been criticized for promoting unhealthy body image (/wiki/Body_image) among young women. [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) Social media exposes customers to images of idealized body standards, which leads to mental health concerns such as depression and social appearance anxiety. [43] (#cite_note-:2-43) Instagram has been criticized for promoting users to “share only the best moments”, which pressures users to “look perfect” and thus created harmful effects such as eating disorders and depression among teenagers. [44] (#cite_note-44) In response to the body image concerns, some brands have made efforts to promote body positivity (/wiki/Body_positivity) through social media and marketing campaigns. [45] (#cite_note-Rodgers_127–134-45) The brand, Aerie , launched Aerie Real in 2014 to showcase diverse body sizes and stopped airbrushing models in their campaigns. [45] (#cite_note-Rodgers_127–134-45) See also [ edit ] Digital fashion (/wiki/Digital_fashion) Outfit of the day (/wiki/Outfit_of_the_day) Fashion influencers (/wiki/Fashion_influencer) Online advertising (/wiki/Online_advertising) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) Social media (/wiki/Social_media) Social media marketing (/wiki/Social_media_marketing) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Mohr, Iris (2013). "The impact of social media on the fashion industry". Journal of Applied Business and Economics . 15 (2): 17–22. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Park, Jaehyuk; Ciampaglia, Giovanni Luca; Ferrara, Emilio (27 February 2016). "Style in the Age of Instagram" (https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820065) . 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"Of 'Likes' and 'Pins': The Effects of Consumers' Attachment to Social Media". Journal of Interactive Marketing . 32 : 70–88. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.intmar.2015.09.001 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.intmar.2015.09.001) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 146540517 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146540517) . ^ Jump up to: a b Seekis, Veya; Bradley, Graham L.; Duffy, Amanda L. (September 2020). "Appearance-Related Social Networking Sites and Body Image in Young Women: Testing an Objectification-Social Comparison Model". Psychology of Women Quarterly . 44 (3): 377–392. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/0361684320920826 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0361684320920826) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 219402789 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219402789) . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Seetharaman, Georgia Wells, Jeff Horwitz and Deepa (14 September 2021). "Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-instagram-is-toxic-for-teen-girls-company-documents-show-11631620739) . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 4 November 2022 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Rodgers, Rachel F.; Kruger, Lou; Lowy, Alice S.; Long, Stephanie; Richard, Chloe (September 2019). "Getting Real about body image: A qualitative investigation of the usefulness of the Aerie Real campaign" (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bodyim.2019.06.002) . Body Image . 30 : 127–134. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.002 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bodyim.2019.06.002) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 31260946 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260946) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 195770775 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195770775) . v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 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(/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion (/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion) Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal 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Fiction about shoemakers (/wiki/Shoemaker) , cobblers and cordwainers. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐895674c4f‐4fctk Cached time: 20240717073232 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48561140-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717073232 and revision id 1043743349. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. F Films about shoemakers (/wiki/Category:Films_about_shoemakers) (7 P) Pages in category "Fiction about shoemakers" The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C The Cobbler and the Financier (/wiki/The_Cobbler_and_the_Financier) The Cobbler of Ordis (/wiki/The_Cobbler_of_Ordis) Crispino e la comare (/wiki/Crispino_e_la_comare) The Cunning Shoemaker (/wiki/The_Cunning_Shoemaker) E The Elves and the Shoemaker (/wiki/The_Elves_and_the_Shoemaker) F The Fifth Son of the Shoemaker (/wiki/The_Fifth_Son_of_the_Shoemaker) Le financier et le savetier (/wiki/Le_financier_et_le_savetier) H Heath Cobblers (/wiki/Heath_Cobblers) M Mârouf, savetier du Caire (/wiki/M%C3%A2rouf,_savetier_du_Caire) Marouf, the Cairo Cobbler (/wiki/Marouf,_the_Cairo_Cobbler) O An Old Manuscript (/wiki/An_Old_Manuscript) S A Shoemaker a Gentleman (/wiki/A_Shoemaker_a_Gentleman) The Shoemaker and the Doll (/wiki/The_Shoemaker_and_the_Doll) The Shoemaker (/wiki/The_Shoemaker) The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife (/wiki/The_Shoemaker%27s_Prodigious_Wife) The Shoemaker's Holiday (/wiki/The_Shoemaker%27s_Holiday) U Ugu the Shoemaker (/wiki/Ugu_the_Shoemaker) W Where Love Is, God Is (/wiki/Where_Love_Is,_God_Is) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fiction_about_shoemakers&oldid=1043743349 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fiction_about_shoemakers&oldid=1043743349) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fiction about fashion (/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_fashion) Shoemakers (/wiki/Category:Shoemakers)
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American reality television series Love, Lust or Run Genre Reality (/wiki/Reality_television) Based on Snog Marry Avoid? (/wiki/Snog_Marry_Avoid%3F) Presented by Stacy London (/wiki/Stacy_London) Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 3 No. of episodes 40 Production Running time 22 minutes Production company True Entertainment (/wiki/Endemol#True_Entertainment/Truly_Original) Original release Network TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) Release January 23, 2015 ( 2015-01-23 ) – March 25, 2016 ( 2016-03-25 ) Love, Lust or Run is an American reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series which premiered on the TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) cable network, on January 30, 2014, starring fashion consultant Stacy London (/wiki/Stacy_London) . During every episode of the series, Stacy London meets a different woman and helps her to work on usually very questionable fashion choices. The show follows the same format as British television series Snog Marry Avoid? (/wiki/Snog_Marry_Avoid%3F) . [1] (#cite_note-announce-1) Ahead of the conclusion of the first season, TLC renewed the show for 26 additional episodes. [2] (#cite_note-deadline-2) "I am so thrilled to have Stacy back on TLC!" said Nancy Daniels, the general manager of the network. "She has an amazing ability to connect with fashion challenged women and help them find their own sense of style. With this new show, we definitely put Stacy's skills to the test," Daniels also added. [1] (#cite_note-announce-1) Stacy London had previously hosted another fashion-themed show, What Not to Wear (/wiki/What_Not_to_Wear_(U.S._TV_series)) , which aired on the same network. Series overview [ edit ] Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 1 (#Season_1_(2015)) 13 January 23, 2015 ( 2015-01-23 ) March 20, 2015 ( 2015-03-20 ) 2 (#Season_2_(2015)) 11 June 12, 2015 ( 2015-06-12 ) August 27, 2015 ( 2015-08-27 ) 3 (#Season_3_(2016)) 16 January 1, 2016 ( 2016-01-01 ) March 25, 2016 ( 2016-03-25 ) References [ edit ] ^ a b Kondolojy, Amanda (November 20, 2014). "Style Guru Stacy London Returns to TLC in New Series 'Love, Lust or Run' (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122190616/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/11/20/style-guru-stacy-london-returns-to-tlc-in-new-series-love-lust-or-run/330063/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122190616/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/11/20/style-guru-stacy-london-returns-to-tlc-in-new-series-love-lust-or-run/330063/) . TV by the Numbers (/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers) (Press release). Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/11/20/style-guru-stacy-london-returns-to-tlc-in-new-series-love-lust-or-run/330063/) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved October 12, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-deadline_2-0) Petski, Denise (March 18, 2015). "TLC Orders More 'Love, Lust Or Run' With Stacy London" (https://deadline.com/2015/03/tlc-orders-more-love-lust-or-run-with-stacy-london-1201394590/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved October 12, 2015 . External links [ edit ] Television portal (/wiki/Portal:Television) Official website (http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/love-lust-run/) Love, Lust or Run at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Love, Lust or Run at TV Guide (/wiki/TV_Guide) v t e TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) original programming (/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_TLC) 1000-lb Sisters (/wiki/1000-lb_Sisters) 7 Little Johnstons (/wiki/7_Little_Johnstons) 90 Day Fiancé (/wiki/90_Day_Fianc%C3%A9) Darcey & Stacey (/wiki/Darcey_%26_Stacey) Dr. Pimple Popper (/wiki/Dr._Pimple_Popper_(TV_series)) The Family Chantel (/wiki/The_Family_Chantel) I Am Jazz (/wiki/I_Am_Jazz) The Little Couple (/wiki/The_Little_Couple) Little People, Big World (/wiki/Little_People,_Big_World) Long Lost Family (/wiki/Long_Lost_Family_(American_TV_series)) MILF Manor (/wiki/MILF_Manor) My 600-lb Life (/wiki/My_600-lb_Life) My Big Fat Fabulous Life (/wiki/My_Big_Fat_Fabulous_Life) OutDaughtered (/wiki/OutDaughtered) Return to Amish (/wiki/Return_to_Amish) Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) Sister Wives (/wiki/Sister_Wives) Trading Spaces (/wiki/Trading_Spaces) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐822t2 Cached time: 20240718134747 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.440 seconds Real time usage: 0.606 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2556/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28651/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1875/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20404/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.300/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5582230/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 545.533 1 -total 24.42% 133.218 1 Template:Infobox_television 19.95% 108.828 1 Template:Reflist 19.59% 106.882 1 Template:Infobox 17.62% 96.119 1 Template:TLC_Programming 17.29% 94.340 1 Template:Navbox 16.32% 89.037 1 Template:Cite_press_release 12.76% 69.599 1 Template:Short_description 10.00% 54.561 1 Template:IMDb_title 9.24% 50.406 13 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48189603-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718134747 and revision id 1203590950. 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Reality series The Face Created by John de Mol (/wiki/John_de_Mol) Sebastiaan Spaan Original work The Face (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face) (The Netherlands) Owner Banijay (/wiki/Banijay) [1] (#cite_note-1) Years 2012–present The Face is a modeling-themed reality television series that follows three supermodel coaches as they compete with each other to find 'the face' of major brand. The inaugural series premiered online on February 1, 2013, and officially premiered on television on February 12, 2013, on Oxygen (/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)) . [2] (#cite_note-Premiere-2) [3] (#cite_note-First-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The series is now an international franchise, owning its adaptations around the world. Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) serves as a supermodel coach and also executive producer and chooses supermodel mentors for the American (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) , British (/wiki/The_Face_(British_TV_series)) and Australian (/wiki/The_Face_Australia) adaptations. Format [ edit ] In each series of The Face three model mentors select a team of models whose assets they believe will allow them to win the competition. Each week, the models participate in an overall challenge. This challenge ignores team division, and whoever wins the challenge does so individually. The next segment involves a campaign or client. The models perform for these clients in a wide variety of shoots, commercials, or runway shows. These campaigns are performed in the teams that were assigned at the beginning of the series. Each mentor supervises the group she chose as they perform. Immediately afterwards, the client for the episode declares which team performed the best. The girls from winning team are granted immunity, and cannot be eliminated. The mentors from the losing teams must nominate one girl from their team to enter the elimination room. This leaves two of the models from the two losing teams up for elimination. The mentor from the winning/Immune team gets to decide which of the two models will stay and return to her team, and which one will be eliminated. Each girl is given a chance to explain why she should be given a second chance to remain in the competition. In instances where a mentor loses all of her contestants, the competition goes on between the two remaining teams. The winning team remains immune as usual, but the losing mentor is forced to send two girls into the elimination room as opposed to one, with only one of them returning. In rare cases, a model can also be evicted from the competition without prior warning outside of the elimination room. She could also potentially be eliminated directly by her own mentor. Elimination is problematic, even flawed: since the goal of the mentors is to win against each other, not determine who among the three teams is the very best model, mentors may eliminate the stronger model sent down to elimination, not the weaker one. The elimination process is repeated each week until the series finale, where there is one final photo shoot and runway show with the final standing models along with their mentors. The final client (usually a beauty care or make-up brand) decides the winner from the remaining pool of contestants (usually one girl per team). The model who wins the competition becomes 'The Face' of the brand, bringing victory for her mentor and team. International versions [ edit ] Franchise with a currently airing season Franchise with an upcoming season Franchise that has ended Cancelled franchise Country TV Show Network Host Mentor Winners Asia (/wiki/Asia) Program cancelled [5] (#cite_note-Variety-5) [6] (#cite_note-HollywoodReporter-6) Australia (/wiki/Australia) The Face Australia (/wiki/The_Face_Australia) Fox8 (/wiki/Fox8) Georges Antoni (1) Cheyenne Tozzi (1) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) (1) Nicole Trunfio (/wiki/Nicole_Trunfio) (1) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Australia_(season_1)) : Olivia Donaldson Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) The Face of Holland (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face) RTL 5 (/wiki/RTL_5) Sylvie van der Vaart (/wiki/Sylvie_van_der_Vaart) (1) Frederique van der Wal (/wiki/Frederique_van_der_Wal) (1) Mark Cox (1) Olcay Gulsen (/wiki/Olcay_Gulsen) (1) Philip Riches (1) Season 1 (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face) : Chelsey Weimar Canada (/wiki/Canada) Program cancelled [5] (#cite_note-Variety-5) [6] (#cite_note-HollywoodReporter-6) France (/wiki/France) Program cancelled [5] (#cite_note-Variety-5) [6] (#cite_note-HollywoodReporter-6) Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Channel 3 (/wiki/Channel_3_(Thailand)) (1–5) LINE TV (/wiki/LINE_TV) (4–5) Utt Asda (/wiki/Utt_Panichkul) (1) Khun Chanon (2–4) Antoine Pinto (/wiki/Antuan_Siangboxing) (5) Lukkade Metinee (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) (1–4) Ying Ratha (/wiki/Rhatha_Phongam) (1) Ploy Chermarn (/wiki/Laila_Boonyasak) (1,4) Bee Namthip (/wiki/Namthip_Jongrachatawiboon) (2–4) Cris Horwang (/wiki/Cris_Horwang) (2–4) Marsha Vadhanapanich (/wiki/Marsha_Vadhanapanich) (3) Sonia Couling (/wiki/Sonia_Couling) (4) Sririta Jensen (/wiki/Sririta_Jensen) (4) Toni Rakkaen (/wiki/Toni_Rakkaen) (5) Maria Poonlertlarp (/wiki/Maria_Lynn_Ehren) (5) Gina Virahya (5) Bank Anusith (5) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_1)) : Sabina Meisinger Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_2)) : Ticha Chumma Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) : Grace Boonchompaisarn Season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) : Gina Virahya Season 5 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_5)) : Candy Tansiri The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) Channel 3 (/wiki/Channel_3_(Thailand)) (1) PPTV HD 36 (/wiki/PPTV_(Thailand)) (2) Thairath TV (/wiki/Thairath_TV) (3) LINE TV (/wiki/LINE_TV) Sabina Meisinger (1) Antoine Pinto (/wiki/Antuan_Siangboxing) (2–3) Lukkade Metinee (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) (1) Peach Pachara (/wiki/Pachara_Chirathivat) (1) Moo Asava (/wiki/Polpat_Asavaprapha) (1–2) Sonia Couling (/wiki/Sonia_Couling) (2) Toni Rakkaen (/wiki/Toni_Rakkaen) (2) Akhamsiri Suwanasuk (3) Jirayu La-ongmanee (/wiki/Jirayu_La-ongmanee) (3) Araya Indra (3) Sabina Meisinger (3) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_1)) : Philip Thinroj Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_2)) : Luis Meza Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_3)) : Boss Darayon United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(British_TV_series)) Sky Living (/wiki/Sky_Living) Simon Lenagan (1) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) (1) Erin O'Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%27Connor) (1) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) (1) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(British_season_1)) : Emma Holmes United States (/wiki/United_States) The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) Oxygen (/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)) Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) (1–2) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) (1–2) Anne Vyalitsyna (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) (2) Lydia Hearst (/wiki/Lydia_Hearst) (2) Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) (1) Karolina Kurkova (/wiki/Karolina_Kurkova) (1) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_1)) : Devyn Abdullah Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_2)) : Tiana Zarlin Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) VTV3 (/wiki/VTV3) (1–2) VTV9 (/wiki/Vietnam_Television) (3-) Vĩnh Thụy (1) Hữu Vi (2) Nam Trung (3–4) Lan Khuê (/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Lan_Khu%C3%AA) (1–2) Hồ Ngọc Hà (/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_H%C3%A0) (1) Phạm Hương (/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) (1) Hoàng Thùy (/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Th%C3%B9y) (2) Minh Tú (/wiki/Minh_T%C3%BA_Nguy%E1%BB%85n) (2) Võ Hoàng Yến (/wiki/V%C3%B5_Ho%C3%A0ng_Y%E1%BA%BFn) (3) Minh Hằng (/wiki/Minh_H%E1%BA%B1ng) (3) Thanh Hằng (/wiki/Thanh_H%E1%BA%B1ng) (3) Vũ Thu Phương (/wiki/V%C5%A9_Thu_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) (4) Anh Thư (/wiki/Anh_Th%C6%B0) (4) Kỳ Duyên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Cao_K%E1%BB%B3_Duy%C3%AAn_(beauty_pageant_titleholder)) (4) Minh Triệu (4) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_1)) : Phí Phương Anh Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_2)) : Nguyễn Bạch Tú Hảo Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_3)) : Mạc Trung Kiên Season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_4)) : Huỳnh Thị Tú Anh Season 5 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) : TBD The Face Men Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) Program cancelled [7] (#cite_note-7) Winners over time [ edit ] Date Winner Age Winning coach Show & Season August 13, 2023 Huỳnh Thị Tú Anh 21 Anh Thư (/wiki/Anh_Th%C6%B0) The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) Season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_4)) December 7, 2019 Twatchanin "Boss" Darayon 23 Jirayu La-ongmanee (/wiki/Jirayu_La-ongmanee) The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_3)) June 1, 2019 Candy Tansiri 23 Maria Poonlertlarp (/wiki/Maria_Poonlertlarp) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Season 5 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_5)) December 30, 2018 Mạc Trung Kiên 21 Thanh Hằng (/wiki/Thanh_H%E1%BA%B1ng) The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_3)) December 9, 2018 Luis Meza (/w/index.php?title=Luis_Meza&action=edit&redlink=1) [ th (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2) ] 23 Sonia Couling (/wiki/Sonia_Couling) The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_2)) May 12, 2018 Virahya "Gina" Pattarachokchai 25 Lukkade Metinee (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) & Cris Horwang (/wiki/Cris_Horwang) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) September 30, 2017 Nutthanaphol "Philip" Thinroj (/w/index.php?title=Nutthanaphol_%22Philip%22_Thinroj&action=edit&redlink=1) [ th (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C) ] 22 Lukkade Metinee (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_1)) August 27, 2017 Nguyễn Bạch Tú Hảo 22 Lan Khuê (/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Lan_Khu%C3%AA) The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_2)) April 29, 2017 Natthaya "Grace" Boonchompaisarn 22 Cris Horwang (/wiki/Cris_Horwang) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) September 3, 2016 Phí Phương Anh 19 Hồ Ngọc Hà (/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_H%C3%A0) The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_1)) January 9, 2016 Kanticha "Ticha" Chumma (/w/index.php?title=Kanticha_%22Ticha%22_Chumma&action=edit&redlink=1) [ th (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0) ] 21 Bee Namthip (/wiki/Namthip_Jongrachatawiboon) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_2)) January 10, 2015 Ajirapha "Sabina" Meisinger (/w/index.php?title=Ajirapha_%22Sabina%22_Meisinger&action=edit&redlink=1) [ th (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C) ] 20 Lukkade Metinee (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_1)) May 7, 2014 Tiana Zarlin 20 Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(U.S._TV_series)) Season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_(U.S._season_2)) May 6, 2014 Olivia Donaldson 19 Cheyenne Tozzi The Face Australia (/wiki/The_Face_(Australian_TV_series)) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Australia_(season_1)) November 18, 2013 Emma Holmes 17 Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) The Face UK (/wiki/The_Face_(UK_TV_series)) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(UK_season_1)) March 26, 2013 Devyn Abdullah 21 Karolina Kurkova (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(U.S._TV_series)) Season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(U.S._season_1)) Gallery [ edit ] Logo of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) Logo of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) Logo of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) The Face Australia [ edit ] Supermodel, actress, singer, businesswoman, celebrities Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Mentor of The Face Australia (/wiki/The_Face_Australia) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Australia_(season_1)) Supermodel Nicole Trunfio (/wiki/Nicole_Trunfio) Mentor of The Face Australia (/wiki/The_Face_Australia) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Australia_(season_1)) The Face of Holland [ edit ] Supermodel, actress Frederique van der Wal (/wiki/Frederique_van_der_Wal) Mentor of The Face of Holland (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face_of_Holland) season 1 (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face_of_Holland) Fashion designer Olcay Gulsen (/wiki/Olcay_Gulsen) Mentor of The Face of Holland (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face_of_Holland) season 1 (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Face_of_Holland) The Face Thailand [ edit ] Supermodel, Actress, Miss World Thailand 1992, MC Metinee Kingpayom (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_1)) , 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_2)) , 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) and 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) Model, Actress Laila Boonyasak (/wiki/Laila_Boonyasak) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_1)) and 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) Model, Actress, Singer Rhatha Phongam (/wiki/Rhatha_Phongam) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_1)) Supermodel, Actress, Singer Namthip Jongrachatawiboon (/wiki/Namthip_Jongrachatawiboon) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_2)) , 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) and 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) Actress, Model, DJ Cris Horwang (/wiki/Cris_Horwang) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_2)) , 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) and 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) Singer, Model, Actress Marsha Vadhanapanich (/wiki/Marsha_Vadhanapanich) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_3)) MC, Supermodel, Actress Sonia Couling (/wiki/Sonia_Couling) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_4)) Model, Singer, Actor Toni Rakkaen (/wiki/Toni_Rakkaen) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 5 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_5)) Winner of The Face Thailand season 4 Virahya Pattarachokchai (/wiki/Virahya_Pattarachokchai) Mentor of The Face Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand) season 5 (/wiki/The_Face_Thailand_(season_5)) The Face Men Thailand [ edit ] Supermodel, Actress, Miss World Thailand 1992, MC Metinee Kingpayom (/wiki/Metinee_Kingpayom) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_1)) and Master mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_2)) Model, Actor, Singer Pachara Chirathivat (/wiki/Pachara_Chirathivat) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_1)) MC, Supermodel, Actress Sonia Couling (/wiki/Sonia_Couling) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_2)) Model, Singer, Actor Toni Rakkaen (/wiki/Toni_Rakkaen) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_2)) Actor, Singer Jirayu La-ongmanee (/wiki/Jirayu_La-ongmanee) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_3)) MC, Actor Akhamsiri Suwanasuk (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhamsiri_Suwanasuk) Mentor of The Face Men Thailand (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand) season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Men_Thailand_(season_3)) The Face UK [ edit ] Supermodel, actress, singer, businesswoman, celebrities Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(British_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(British_season_1)) Supermodel Erin O'Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%27Connor) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(British_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(British_season_1)) Supermodel Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(British_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(British_season_1)) The Face USA [ edit ] Supermodel, actress, singer, businesswoman, celebrities Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_1)) and 2 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_2)) Supermodel Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_1)) Supermodel, actressBr /> Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_1)) Fashion model, actress, socialite, and lifestyle blogger Lydia Hearst (/wiki/Lydia_Hearst) Mentor of The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(American_TV_series)) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_(American_season_2)) The Face Vietnam [ edit ] Supermodel, actress, businesswoman Trần Ngọc Lan Khuê (/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Lan_Khu%C3%AA) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_1)) and 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_2)) . Singer, actress, celebrities Hồ Ngọc Hà (/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_H%C3%A0) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_1)) Model, Miss Universe Vietnam 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Vietnam_2015) Phạm Thị Hương (/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Th%E1%BB%8B_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 1 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_1)) Supermodel, actress Nguyễn Minh Tú (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_T%C3%BA) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 2 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_2)) Supermodel, actress Võ Hoàng Yến (/wiki/V%C3%B5_Ho%C3%A0ng_Y%E1%BA%BFn) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_3)) Singer, actress, celebrities Lê Ngọc Minh Hằng (/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Minh_H%E1%BA%B1ng) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 3 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_3)) Supermodel, actress Nguyễn Thị Anh Thư (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Anh_Th%C6%B0) Mentor of The Face Vietnam (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam) season 4 (/wiki/The_Face_Vietnam_(season_4)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://www.banijayrights.com/programmes/9665 (https://www.banijayrights.com/programmes/9665) ^ (#cite_ref-Premiere_2-0) Soo Hoo, Fawnia. " (http://the-face.oxygen.com/The-Face-Premiere-Dates-Guest-Stars) 'The Face: The Fight To Make The Final 12' Airs On February 12 And More Exciting Details, Like Guest Stars" (http://the-face.oxygen.com/The-Face-Premiere-Dates-Guest-Stars) . Oxygen Media . Retrieved December 13, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-First_3-0) BG8, Elease. "ABOUT THE SHOW — Find out all about Oxygen's SO new series The Face!" (http://the-face.oxygen.com/face/blog/about-the-show) . Oxygen Media . Retrieved October 1, 2012 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Patten, Dominic. "Oxygen Launches 'The Face' Model Reality Series With Naomi Campbell" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120505175544/http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/oxygen-launches-%e2%80%98the-face%e2%80%99-model-reality-series-with-naomi-campbell/) . Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original (https://www.deadline.com/2012/05/oxygen-launches-%E2%80%98the-face%E2%80%99-model-reality-series-with-naomi-campbell/) on May 5, 2012 . Retrieved May 1, 2012 . ^ a b c Clarke, Steve. "Naomi Campbell Talks Reality TV" (http://variety.com/2013/tv/markets-festivals/naomi-campbell-the-face-1200712634/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved 10 October 2013 . ^ a b c Richford, Rhonda. " (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/face-host-naomi-campbell-talks-647779) 'The Face' Host Naomi Campbell Talks Mentoring and the Reality of the Modern Modeling Business" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/face-host-naomi-campbell-talks-647779) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved 11 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rộ tin Hồ Ngọc Hà làm huấn luyện viên The Face dành cho nam" (https://afamily.vn/ro-tin-ho-ngoc-ha-lam-huan-luyen-vien-the-face-danh-cho-nam-20171218224601246.chn) . afamily . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to TheFace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:TheFace) . 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Sara Ziff Born New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) , Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) Occupation(s) Model Executive Director, Model Alliance (/wiki/Model_Alliance) Sara Ziff is an American fashion model, filmmaker, and labor activist (/wiki/Labor_activist) . She is the founder and executive director of the Model Alliance (/wiki/Model_Alliance) , a nonprofit organization in New York City. Early life and education [ edit ] Sara Ziff was born and raised in New York City. Ziff attended the Bronx High School of Science (/wiki/Bronx_High_School_of_Science) and the Dalton School (/wiki/Dalton_School) . Ziff graduated with a B.A. in Political Sciences, magna cum laude (/wiki/Magna_cum_laude) from Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) , and she earned her M.P.A. at Harvard Kennedy School (/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-greenhouse-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Modeling career [ edit ] Ziff has appeared as the face of advertising campaigns for companies including Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , and Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) . She has walked in runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) for brands such as Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) , Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) and Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Filmmaking and writing [ edit ] With her co-director Ole Schell, Ziff chronicled her modeling journey in the award-winning documentary Picture Me . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The film gives an inside look into the modeling industry, showing the highs and lows of a seemingly glamorous business. After Picture Me , Ziff directed a three-part web mini-series [8] (#cite_note-8) for the modeling blog of New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) , "The Cut". [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2014, Ziff released the preview of "Tangled Thread," a documentary about Bangladesh's garment industry and women organizing for better working conditions across the supply chain. [10] (#cite_note-10) She has contributed as an op-ed columnist for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Equal Times , [12] (#cite_note-12) and The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian_(Anglican_newspaper)) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Activism [ edit ] Ziff is an advocate for better working conditions (/wiki/Working_conditions) in the modeling industry, which she has described as "an overlooked frontier of women's rights and workers' rights." [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2012, she formed the Model Alliance (/wiki/Model_Alliance) , a non-profit organization that advocates for fair labor standards for models working in the American fashion industry. In 2013, under Ziff's leadership, the Model Alliance championed the Child Model Act in New York State, which reclassified models under 18 as child performers and extended them basic labor protections, including provisions for educational requirements, maximum working hours, and trust accounts. [16] (#cite_note-16) New York Magazine declared her "the Norma Rae of the runway" and the AFL–CIO (/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO) called her "America's next top role model." [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2012, Ziff became involved with Save the Children (/wiki/Save_the_Children) , a non-governmental organization that promotes children's rights (/wiki/Children%27s_rights) , provides relief and helps support children in developing countries. At the United Nations, Ziff introduced the organization's global flagship report, "A Life Free From Hunger – Tackling Childhood Malnutrition." [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2012, Ziff began campaigning for better working conditions for garment workers in Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) . In September 2013, she joined other fashion models and labor rights activists at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) to encourage Nautica (/wiki/Nautica_(clothing_company)) to sign the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In April 2023, Ziff sued Weinstein, Miramax, Disney and others alleging that she was raped by Fabrizio Lombardo who tricked her while she was working as a model for his company in 2001. [21] (#cite_note-21) Awards [ edit ] In 2012, Ziff was honored by the blog Jezebel as one of "The Jezebel 25," a group of "game-changing women" who embody the site's feminist ideals. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2013, Ziff was awarded the Susan B. Anthony (/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony) award by the National Organization for Women (/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women) for her dedication to improving the lives of young women and girls in New York City. [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2014, Ziff was awarded the 1st Inspiration and Visionary award by the Women & Fashion Film Festival for her leadership and work empowering women and girls in the fashion industry. [24] (#cite_note-24) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jothianandan, Shakthi (January 27, 2012). "134 Minutes With Sara Ziff" (http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/encounter/sara-ziff-2012-2/) . New York . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-greenhouse_2-0) Greenhouse, Steven (December 23, 2013). "A New Alliance Steps Up to Protect a New Generation of Models" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/24/business/a-new-alliance-steps-up-to-protect-the-next-generation-of-models.html?pagewanted=all) . The New York Times . Retrieved February 26, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Aron, Hillel (February 26, 2016). "Lawmakers' Bill Wants to Stop Anorexia in Fashion Models" (http://www.laweekly.com/news/lawmakers-bill-wants-to-stop-anorexia-in-fashion-models-6645423) . L.A. Weekly . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Sara Ziff – Fashion Model – Profile on New York Magazine" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/sziff/saraziff/) . New York . April 6, 2009 . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Quraishi, Jen (August 28, 2009). "Top Model Tells All" (https://www.motherjones.com/media/2009/08/interview-sara-ziff-and-ole-schell) . Mother Jones . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sara Ziff talks to Louise France about the world of teen modelling" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/07/sara-ziff-teen-modelling-fashion) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . June 6, 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230603065113/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/07/sara-ziff-teen-modelling-fashion) from the original on June 3, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Verrechia Films: Picture Me (http://verrechiafilms.com/Picture_Me.html) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Moss, Hilary (September 23, 2010). "Sara Ziff's 'Picture Me' Mini-Series: Models Told To Eat Half A Rice Cake, Cotton Balls (VIDEO)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/23/sara-ziff-picture-me-model_n_736416.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Exclusive Video: Sara Ziff’s Picture Me Mini-series, Sept 13, 2010 New York Magazine (http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/09/exclusive_video_sara_ziffs_pic.html) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Milligan, Lauren (April 24, 2014). "Inside Fashion's New Frontier" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/04/24/sara-ziff-film-fashion-revolution-day-bangladesh-rana-plaza) . Vogue . UK . Retrieved June 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Regardless of Age, It's About Rights" (https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/09/13/sweet-16-and-a-runway-model/regardless-of-a-fashion-models-age-its-about-rights) . The New York Times . November 12, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ziff, Sara (September 11, 2013). "More Than a Minor Issue: Child Labour During Fashion Week" (http://www.equaltimes.org/opinion/more-than-a-minor-issue-child-labour-during-fashion-week) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ziff, Sara (February 13, 2012). "The ugly truth of fashion's model behaviour – Sara Ziff – Fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/13/ugly-truth-fashion-model-behavior) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Odell, Amy (December 21, 2010). "Sara Ziff Is Forming an Alliance to Advocate for Model Rights" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2010/12/sara_ziff_is_forming_an_allia.html) . New York . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Goldwert, Lindsay (December 21, 2010). "Sara Ziff says models need legal protections, workplace rights, access to health insurance" (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/fashion/sara-ziff-models-legal-protections-workplace-rights-access-health-insurance-article-1.473386) . Daily News . New York. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Harris, Paul (February 1, 2012). "Model Sara Ziff to launch workers' rights organisation for fashion industry | guardian.co.uk" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2012/feb/01/sara-ziff-models-workers-rights-group) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Goodman, J. David (February 8, 2012). "Models aren't 'coat hangers,' new rights group says – style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120211201138/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/46291516/ns/today-style/t/models-form-rights-group-ahead-fashion-week/#.T0SEa5iXNSU) . MSNBC. Archived from the original (https://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/46291516/ns/today-style/t/models-form-rights-group-ahead-fashion-week/) on February 11, 2012 . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Hall, Mike (April 14, 2014). "Sara Ziff: America's Next Top Role Model" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140421020206/http://www.aflcio.org/Blog/Organizing-Bargaining/Sara-Ziff-America-s-Next-Top-Role-Model#comment_thread) . aflcio.org. Archived from the original (http://www.aflcio.org/Blog/Organizing-Bargaining/Sara-Ziff-America-s-Next-Top-Role-Model#comment_thread) on April 21, 2014 . Retrieved June 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Terrific Initiative from Save The Children – Tackling Child Malnutrition!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120510094834/http://www.ncdchild.org/News/Terrific-Initiative-from-Save-The-Children-Tackling-Child-Malnutrition) . NCD Group – NCD Childcare. Archived from the original (http://www.ncdchild.org/News/Terrific-Initiative-from-Save-The-Children-Tackling-Child-Malnutrition) on May 10, 2012 . Retrieved November 29, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Fashion Models Join with Bangladeshi Labor Rights Leader Calling on Nautica to Sign Fire & Building Safety Accord" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131021055652/http://www.laborrights.org/creating-a-sweatfree-world/responsible-govt-purchasing/news/news/fashion-models-join-with-bangladesh) . Archived from the original (http://www.laborrights.org/creating-a-sweatfree-world/responsible-govt-purchasing/news/news/fashion-models-join-with-bangladesh) on October 21, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cullins, Ashley (April 7, 2023). "Model Sara Ziff Sues Disney Over Alleged Rape by Ex-Miramax Executive" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/sara-ziff-disney-miramax-lawsuit-1235369065/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved May 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Jezebel 25" (http://jezebel.com/5920640/the-jezebel-25-kick-ass-and-amazing-women-we-love/) . Jezebel . June 22, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Ziff Awarded Susan B. Anthony Award" (http://nownyc.org/susan-b-anthony-awards/) . Retrieved October 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Activist Ziff on her warrior fight for garment workers and fashion models" (http://www.styleite.com/features/activist-sara-ziff-on-her-warrior-fight-for-garment-workers-and-fashion-models/) . October 14, 2015. External links [ edit ] Sara Ziff (http://www.makers.com/sara-ziff) Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America (/wiki/Makers:_Women_Who_Make_America) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1961638/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000120926677) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/172047114) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqk9FKR8HJrx4DcqxtR8C) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011086508) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐sbn9b Cached time: 20240722165516 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.369 seconds Real time usage: 0.737 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2463/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45941/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 947/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 87829/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5808864/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 433.048 1 -total 43.14% 186.799 1 Template:Reflist 30.84% 133.543 1 Template:Infobox_model 27.45% 118.879 14 Template:Cite_web 18.64% 80.702 1 Template:Authority_control 8.32% 36.020 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.94% 25.738 7 Template:Cite_news 5.51% 23.843 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates 4.91% 21.276 1 Template:Cite_journal 4.37% 18.908 16 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24277717-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165516 and revision id 1219967429. 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See also: Body painting (/wiki/Body_painting) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Spray-on_clothing##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spray-on_clothing&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Spray-on clothing" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spray-on+clothing%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spray-on+clothing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spray-on+clothing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spray-on+clothing%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spray-on+clothing%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spray-on+clothing%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2016 ) Spray-on clothing is a form of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , that is applied by spraying polymer (/wiki/Polymer) over the body in such a manner that it appears as clothing. It is a polymer mix that dries relatively quickly. [1] (#cite_note-SciAm2013-10-25-1) On September 15, 2010, Ian Sample (/w/index.php?title=Ian_Sample&action=edit&redlink=1) , The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian_(UK)) ' s Science correspondent reported on a press conference where Dr Manuel Torres showed a spray-on clothing product named Fabrican (/wiki/Fabrican) . [2] (#cite_note-TheGuardian2010-09-16-2) Covering the same announcement Prita Ganapati, writing for Wired magazine (/wiki/Wired_magazine) referred to the result as "spray-on fabric" . [3] (#cite_note-Wired2010-09-16-3) The Guardian referred to both "spray-on bandages" and "spray-on fabric" . Scientific American (/wiki/Scientific_American) referred to both "spray-on clothing" and "spray-on clothes" . [1] (#cite_note-SciAm2013-10-25-1) Torres described the fabric as similar to felt. References [ edit ] ^ a b "Spray-On Clothing Could Deliver a Suit in a Can [Video]" (http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spray-on-clothing-could-d/) . Scientific American . Retrieved 2016-11-16 . Someday, packing for a trip might be as simple as stowing a spray can of colloidal polymer mix for making your own spray-on clothes. Whether it's a T-shirt or evening attire, spray-on fabric is a novel way to make a variety of light-use fabrics. ^ (#cite_ref-TheGuardian2010-09-16_2-0) Ian Sample (2010-09-16). "Spray-on clothing becomes a reality" (https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/sep/16/spray-on-clothing-t-shirt) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian_(UK)) . For example, the spray-on fabric may be produced and kept in a sterilised can, which could be perfect for providing spray-on bandages without applying any pressure for soothing burnt skin, or delivering medicines directly to a wound. ^ (#cite_ref-Wired2010-09-16_3-0) Prita Ganapati (2010-09-16). "Make Clothes Out of a Can With Spray-On Fabric" (https://www.wired.com/2010/09/spray-on-fabric/) . Wired magazine (/wiki/Wired_magazine) . Clothes designed using the spray-on fabric will be shown at the Science in Style fashion show next week at Imperial College. This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Mexican menswear fashion designer Barbara Sánchez-Kane is a Mexican (/wiki/Mexicans) menswear fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) She is known for her experimental and political statements mixed with her fashion designs. Early life and background [ edit ] She is from Mérida, Yucatán (/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n) , Mexico, and was born around . [2] (#cite_note-2) Her mother is a United States (/wiki/United_States) citizen. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) She completed a degree from Universidad Anahuac (/wiki/Universidad_Anahuac) in industrial engineering (/wiki/Industrial_engineering) in 2015 and later went on to complete another in fashion design from Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Barbara is a feminist and advocate for gender equality. She has spoken out against U.S. President Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) for his anti-Mexican policies. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Growing up in her small Catholic town in Mexico didn't allow her to artistically express herself, thus after moving to Italy, she found a release in Fashion. As well as experimenting with her sexuality. She incorporates her culture and her own likes/quirks into her clothing, she describes it as traditional culture mixed with her own twist and sarcasm. Career [ edit ] In 2016, Sánchez-Kane showed her work at the VFILES show in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The collection was named "Citizen," and included references to the Trump presidential campaign (/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016) , Mexico and LGBT issues. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Sánchez-Kane showed her work at the New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in 2017, where her models had the phrase, " alternative facts (/wiki/Alternative_facts) " drawn on their faces in place of mustaches (/wiki/Moustache) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The name of the collection was "Men Without Fear." [9] (#cite_note-9) Her work at the show both drew on her Mexican heritage and her own inner feelings, drawn from journals and childhood memories. [10] (#cite_note-10) Her work at Fashion Week also referenced the water crisis (/wiki/Water_security) that many parts of the world are facing. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2017, she presented a piece of performance art (/wiki/Performance_art) called "Deseo de un placer absurdo" , with the artist, Orly Anan, at the Noche Blanca event in Mérida. [12] (#cite_note-12) Her brand of clothing is eponymous (/wiki/Eponym) , and called Sánchez-Kane. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) She describes the brand as a "Mexican clothing brand curated by emotional chaos." [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) The brand was first launched in 2015. [14] (#cite_note-14) The brand caught the attention of Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) in 2015 with a clothing line called "Catch as Catch Can," featuring Mexican wrestling masks (/wiki/Wrestling_mask) . [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ a b "IRK Magazine" (https://www.irkmagazine.com/single-post/2016/07/27/Designing-Mexican-Feminism-with-BARBARA-SANCHEZ-KANE) . IRK Magazine . Retrieved 2017-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Italie, Leanne (July 14, 2017). "Mexicana Sánchez-Kane destaca en Semana de Moda Masculina NY" (https://www.apnews.com/29df8bae450c459daece544bc222140b) (in Spanish). Associated Press . Retrieved 4 October 2017 . ^ a b c "Sánchez-Kane: Una nueva generación de talento #MadeInMexico" (http://www.vogue.mx/vip/perfiles/articulos/entrevista-a-la-disenadora-mexicana-barbara-sanchez-kane/6582) . Vogue México (in Spanish). 2016-10-12 . Retrieved 2017-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Caotica Belleza" (http://www.sanchez-kane.com/images/press/2017/ZOOM_BARBARA.pdf) (PDF) . Vanity Fair Mexico (in Spanish): 26–27. February 2017 – via Sanchez-Kane. ^ (#cite_ref-5) " (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/don-t-stay-quiet-mexican-designer-barbara-sanchez-kane-tackles-n782631) 'Don't stay quiet': Mexican fashion designer slams Trump on environment, wall" (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/don-t-stay-quiet-mexican-designer-barbara-sanchez-kane-tackles-n782631) . NBC News . Retrieved 2017-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Popovic, Branko (2016-07-10). "BRANKOPOPOVICBLOG: SANCHEZ-KANE at FASHIONCLASH Festival 2016" (http://brankopopovic.blogspot.com/2016/07/sanchez-kane-at-fashionclash-festival.html) . BRANKOPOPOVICBLOG . Retrieved 2017-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Valdez, Maria G. (2017-07-14). "Mexican Designer Sánchez-Kane Debuts In New York Fashion Week Men's; Get The Looks [PHOTOS]" (http://www.latintimes.com/mexican-designer-sanchez-kane-debuts-new-york-fashion-week-mens-get-looks-photos-420715) . Latin Times . Retrieved 2017-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Raf Simons, Sanchez-Kane Show Menswear" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14023499/the_desert_sun/) . The Desert Sun . 2017-07-15. pp. A5 . Retrieved 2017-09-26 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bobila, Maria (14 July 2017). "Meet the Female Designers From New York Fashion Week: Men's" (https://fashionista.com/2017/07/female-designers-new-york-fashion-week-mens-spring-2018) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2017-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Moran, Justin (2017-07-14). "Sanchez-Kane Celebrates Mexican Culture Through 'Emotional Chaos' (https://www.out.com/fashion/2017/7/14/sanchez-kane-celebrates-mexican-culture-through-emotional-chaos) " (https://www.out.com/fashion/2017/7/14/sanchez-kane-celebrates-mexican-culture-through-emotional-chaos) . Retrieved 2017-09-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Latimer, Brian (17 July 2017). " (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/don-t-stay-quiet-mexican-designer-barbara-sanchez-kane-tackles-n782631) 'Don't stay quiet': Mexican fashion designer slams Trump on environment, wall" (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/don-t-stay-quiet-mexican-designer-barbara-sanchez-kane-tackles-n782631) . NBC News . Retrieved 2017-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Santos, Cheryl (14 June 2017). "Sanchez-Kane presenta su primera instalación con Orly Anan en Mérida" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052848/https://i-d.vice.com/es_mx/article/j5p5mb/sanchez-kane-presenta-su-primera-instalacin-con-orly-anan-en-mrida) . I-d (in Mexican Spanish). Archived from the original (https://i-d.vice.com/es_mx/article/j5p5mb/sanchez-kane-presenta-su-primera-instalacin-con-orly-anan-en-mrida) on 2017-09-27 . Retrieved 2017-09-27 . ^ a b Hazlehurst, Beatrice (2017-08-14). "Meet The Eponymous Brainchild of Sanchez-Kane" (http://www.papermag.com/sanchez-kane-men-without-fear-collection-2470741164.html) . PAPERMAG . Retrieved 2017-09-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hughes, Aria (2017-07-13). "Sanchez-Kane Men's Spring 2018" (http://wwd.com/runway/mens-spring-collections-2018/new-york/sanchez-kane/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2017-09-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Vogue Italia, nombra a la yucateca Bárbara Sánchez Kane como una de las mejores diseñadoras del mundo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072923/http://www.buenosdiasmerida.com.mx/w/index.php/2014-10-31-02-41-54/internacional/articulos/4400-vogue-italia-nombra-a-la-yucateca-barbara-sanchez-kane-como-una-de-las-mejores-disenadoras-del-mundo) . www.buenosdiasmerida.com.mx (in European Spanish). 13 October 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.buenosdiasmerida.com.mx/w/index.php/2014-10-31-02-41-54/internacional/articulos/4400-vogue-italia-nombra-a-la-yucateca-barbara-sanchez-kane-como-una-de-las-mejores-disenadoras-del-mundo) on 17 October 2017 . Retrieved 2017-09-26 . External links [ edit ] Official site (http://sanchez-kane.com/) Courage of the Brave Line (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF9vhaYR86U) (2016 video) This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Algerian clothing M'laya Type Veil (/wiki/Veil) Place of origin Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) [1] (#cite_note-Mlaya-1) The M'laya ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : ملاية ) is a black veil that covers the whole body, it originated in Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) . [1] (#cite_note-Mlaya-1) A woman in Constantine wearing the M'laya The origin of the M'laya goes back to the 18th century and is connected to the death of Salah Bey (/wiki/Salah_Bey_ben_Mostefa) who was the Bey of Constantine (/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria) . [1] (#cite_note-Mlaya-1) Following his tragic death a tradition emerged in Constantine of wearing the M'laya. [1] (#cite_note-Mlaya-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The M'laya is black in colour unlike the haik (/wiki/Haik_(garment)) which is white. The M'laya covers the entire body and is said to have been a symbol of modesty. [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Haik (/wiki/Haik_(garment)) Ghlila (/wiki/Ghlila) Algerian Kaftan (/wiki/Algerian_Kaftan) Djebba Fergani (/wiki/Djebba_Fergani) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d La Mlaya (http://www.constantine-hier-aujourdhui.fr/LaCulture/mlaya.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Report (https://books.google.com/books?id=RtkVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251) : Algeria 2013 By Oxford Business Group ^ (#cite_ref-3) "La M'laya revient - Université Frère Mentouri - Constantine 1" (https://www.umc.edu.dz/index.php/ar/component/k2/item/649-la-m-laya-revient) . Umc.edu.dz. 2013-11-17 . Retrieved 2021-09-29 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%27laya&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐xjsh5 Cached time: 20240713054051 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.319 seconds Real time usage: 0.734 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 385/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6567/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 318/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10552/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13297751/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 428.659 1 -total 28.24% 121.044 1 Template:Lang-ar 26.60% 114.039 1 Template:Short_description 18.96% 81.267 1 Template:Cite_web 15.50% 66.463 1 Template:Clothing-stub 15.03% 64.445 1 Template:Asbox 14.57% 62.452 2 Template:Pagetype 9.50% 40.738 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 9.04% 38.743 1 Template:Infobox 8.93% 38.279 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68841580-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713054051 and revision id 1144813986. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%27laya&oldid=1144813986 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%27laya&oldid=1144813986) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Algerian clothing (/wiki/Category:Algerian_clothing) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Arabic-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Welsh fashion designer (born 1961) This article contains wording that promotes (/wiki/MOS:PUFFERY) the subject through exaggeration (/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipuffery) of unnoteworthy facts (/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Everest&action=edit) by removing or replacing such wording. ( July 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Timothy Everest MBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) Bespoke Tailoring Born March 1961 (age 63) Nationality Welsh (/wiki/Welsh_people) Occupation Bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) tailor Known for New Bespoke Movement (/wiki/New_Bespoke_Movement) Label Grey Flannel / MbE www.greyflannel.co.uk (http://www.greyflannel.co.uk) www.mbe.studio (http://www.mbe.studio) Timothy Charles Peto Everest [1] (#cite_note-1) MBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born March 1961) is a Welsh tailor (/wiki/Tailor) and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . He moved to London in his early twenties to work with the Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) tailor Tommy Nutter (/wiki/Tommy_Nutter) . He then became one of the self proclaimed leaders of the New Bespoke Movement (/wiki/New_Bespoke_Movement) , which brought designer attitudes to the traditional skills of Savile Row tailoring. Everest had been running his own tailoring business in the East End of London (/wiki/East_End_of_London) since 1989. In 2017 Timothy Everest announced he would leave the company due to financial issues. Early life [ edit ] Everest was born in Dagenham [2] (#cite_note-2) but brought up in Haverford West; most of his family remain in the area of Wales. [3] (#cite_note-BBC_News-3) His parents were wrestlers. [4] (#cite_note-Revolution-4) He had aspired to become a bus driver. [5] (#cite_note-YouTube-5) But, his ambition unfulfilled, he took a job with his uncle when he was 17 at Hepworths (/wiki/Joseph_Hepworth_(tailor)) , Milford Haven (/wiki/Milford_Haven) ; a high street tailor that would form the foundation of the Next (/wiki/Next_(clothing)) retail empire. [3] (#cite_note-BBC_News-3) [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) In the early 1980s, he became interested in the club scene (/wiki/Nightclub#1980s:_New_wave,_post-punk,_goth,_rave,_and_acid_house) , often driving to London, where he mixed with New Romantics (/wiki/New_Romanticism) such as Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) at The Blitz ; a trendy London nightclub run by Steve Strange (/wiki/Steve_Strange) of the group Visage (/wiki/Visage_(band)) . [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) Determined to become part of the fashion industry, but unable to make a breakthrough due to his large ego, Everest decided to use his knowledge of tailoring to his advantage. He answered an advertisement placed in the London Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , in 1982, by Tommy Nutter (/wiki/Tommy_Nutter) : "Boy wanted in Savile Row". [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) [8] (#cite_note-Savile_Row-8) He pestered Nutter for weeks, until he was given the job. [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) [9] (#cite_note-Maxim-9) Nutter's client base included rock stars, celebrities, politicians and businessmen; he famously dressed The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) and The Stone (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) . [9] (#cite_note-Maxim-9) Everest also mixed with future celebrities of the fashion world. John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , who had been studying at the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design) , passed on some design skills to Everest, while on work placement with Nutter. [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) Everest met his future wife Catherine at this time, while she was also working with Nutter. [10] (#cite_note-Innocent-10) The couple have two daughters. [11] (#cite_note-MBE-11) Everest's time under Nutter, a Savile Row revolutionary in the 1960s, inspired him to experiment with tone and pattern in his own designs. In 1986, after nearly five years as Nutter's apprentice, Everest was persuaded to move on to work for Malcolm Levene. [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) He had become disillusioned with Savile Row, particularly with its lack of appreciation for Nutter's more modern approach. [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) Everest found that working with Levene, a small menswear retailer based away from Savile Row, on Chiltern Street (/wiki/Chiltern_Street) , provided a welcome change. During Everest's first year there, Levene's turnover doubled. [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) Career [ edit ] Timothy Everest's Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) atelier Setting out on his own [ edit ] Leaving Levene in the late 1980s to become a freelance stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) in television advertising, MTV (/wiki/MTV) and film, Everest began styling bands and pop stars such as George Michael (/wiki/George_Michael) . He recognised a shift in perception of the male fashion industry; men had become more label (/wiki/Designer_label) conscious. This had coincided with the increased awareness of top-end fashion designers (/wiki/Designer_clothing) , like Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) and Armani (/wiki/Armani) , highlighted by men's lifestyle magazines such as Arena (/wiki/Arena_(magazine)) and The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) . He said, "I thought that if we could demystify bespoke tailoring and make it more accessible, as well as really understanding what was going on in ready-to-wear fashion and being directional with it, there was possibly a market there." Having decided to create the Timothy Everest brand as an alternative to 'designer' ready-to-wear, he searched for a suitable location away from "the stuffiness of Savile Row". [4] (#cite_note-Revolution-4) [5] (#cite_note-YouTube-5) [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) [12] (#cite_note-Who_is?-12) Everest opened his first premises in 1989; in Princelet Street, Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) , just outside the City of London (/wiki/City_of_London) , in the East End (/wiki/East_End_of_London) . [13] (#cite_note-Princelet-13) He said, "We started in one room of a house. We had one rail with four garments on and a telephone, no chairs, no furniture." To begin with, business was slow. [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) Moving premises in 1993, he chose a three-storey, early Georgian (/wiki/Georgian_architecture) townhouse (built in 1724), just north of Old Spitalfields Market (/wiki/Old_Spitalfields_Market) in nearby Elder Street – the former home of artist Mark Gertler (/wiki/Mark_Gertler_(artist)) (1891–1939) – converting it to an atelier (/wiki/Atelier_(art)) over seven weeks. [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) [14] (#cite_note-14) He dressed Tom Cruise (/wiki/Tom_Cruise) for the 1996 film Mission: Impossible (/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film)) . [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) Cruise liked the suits so much that he kept them, and commissioned Everest to make him some more. [7] (#cite_note-Independent-7) New Bespoke Movement [ edit ] Everest became one of the " Cool Britannia (/wiki/Cool_Britannia) " tailoring generation of the mid-1990s, identified by James Sherwood (author of Savile Row: The Master Tailors of British Bespoke ) as having begun with the publication of Vanity Fair 's "Cool Britania" issue in 1997. [16] (#cite_note-16) Sensing a change in consumer attitudes, away from the more traditional styling of Savile Row, he sought to revitalise bespoke suiting, which he believed had been in danger of disappearing. [17] (#cite_note-Atlas-17) [18] (#cite_note-Beazley-18) With contemporaries Ozwald Boateng (/wiki/Ozwald_Boateng) and Richard James, he launched the New Bespoke Movement (/wiki/New_Bespoke_Movement) , which brought a fashion designer approach to Savile Row craftsmanship. [19] (#cite_note-Arburtian3-19) He launched the brand's first ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) collection in 1999. [17] (#cite_note-Atlas-17) His long-standing association with Marks and Spencer (/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer) began that year. [20] (#cite_note-m&S-20) He dressed Tom Cruise (/wiki/Tom_Cruise) again, for his reprised role in the 2000 film Mission: Impossible 2 (/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_2) , and at the Oscars (/wiki/72nd_Academy_Awards) that year, when he also dressed Robin Williams (/wiki/Robin_Williams) and Burt Bacharach (/wiki/Burt_Bacharach) . [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) By 2000, he had 3,500 bespoke clients. [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) Everest joined DAKS Simpson (/wiki/Simpsons_of_Piccadilly) as design consultant in May 2000. [21] (#cite_note-21) He was appointed to the board as Group Creative Director in 2002, leaving in 2003. [22] (#cite_note-Textiles-22) One of the lines he designed for DAKS was an affordable suiting range aimed at teenagers, launched in August 2001; called DAKS E1 , after the postal district of his atelier. [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) [18] (#cite_note-Beazley-18) [23] (#cite_note-DAKS-23) Bespoke casual [ edit ] Inside Timothy Everest's Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) atelier , ground floor Everest is at the forefront of the bespoke casual movement which, as the name suggests, provides individually tailored casual clothing of Savile Row quality, including: casual shirts; smart-casual jackets; T-shirts; and jeans. [6] (#cite_note-Arburtian-6) [24] (#cite_note-Independent_2010-24) In collaboration with Levi's (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) in 2004, he designed a tailored-denim suit, sold in Japanese retailer Oki-Ni's stores. [25] (#cite_note-Levis-25) Everest designed a suit collection in 2004/05 in collaboration with Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) , the fashion clothing company founded by American hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) artists Damon Dash (/wiki/Damon_Dash) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) . The advertising campaign was fronted by Dash's friends Kevin Bacon (/wiki/Kevin_Bacon) and Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) . [26] (#cite_note-Rocawear-26) He teamed up with British casual and sportswear designer Kim Jones (/wiki/Kim_Jones_(designer)) during 2005 and 2006. The collaboration produced tailoring collections for four seasons that were shown on the catwalk (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) at Paris fashion week (/wiki/Paris_fashion_week) . [27] (#cite_note-Style-27) [28] (#cite_note-Jones-28) For his next collaboration, in 2006 Everest showed a limited collection of menswear with New York hair salon Bumble and bumble (/wiki/Bumble_and_bumble) , including a fully bespoke denim line, which retailed at around US$1,000. Marketed as a 'destination location', the retail space on the store's 8th floor, in the fashionable Meatpacking District (/wiki/Meatpacking_District,_Manhattan) of Manhattan, also featured a barbershop, a café and a teahouse. [29] (#cite_note-29) In autumn 2007, the Timothy Everest ready-to-wear collection was available in shops for the first time, including Flannels (/wiki/Flannels_(retail)) , Liberty (/wiki/Liberty_%26_Co.) and John Lewis (/wiki/John_Lewis_(department_store)) . The range included suits, shirts and trousers. [30] (#cite_note-Ready_to_wear-30) He was costume designer (/wiki/Costume_design) for the 2008 film Mamma Mia! (/wiki/Mamma_Mia!_(film)) , dressing its stars, including Pierce Brosnan (/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan) and Colin Firth (/wiki/Colin_Firth) . [12] (#cite_note-Who_is?-12) He opened a West End (/wiki/West_End_of_London) store in 2008, at Bruton Street (/wiki/Bruton_Street) , Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) , off Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) ; less than five minutes walk from Savile Row. [19] (#cite_note-Arburtian3-19) [31] (#cite_note-31) He has been a creative contributor and Sartorial Advisor to men's magazine The Rake (/w/index.php?title=The_Rake&action=edit&redlink=1) since 2008. [32] (#cite_note-Rake-32) Inside Timothy Everest's Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) atelier , upper floor Bespoke active wear [ edit ] A keen cyclist, in 2009 Everest collaborated with cyclewear brand Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) to develop a bespoke suit that could be worn while cycling; what he called "bespoke active wear". Priced at £3,500, the three-piece suit was made of blended wool, using nanotechnology (/wiki/Nanotechnology) to repel water and dirt. It combined the functionality of classic cycling clothing with the elegance of bespoke tailoring. Its features included a high button fastening to keep the jacket closely fitted to the body, a lapel pocket for an MP3 player (/wiki/Digital_audio_player) and pleats at the shoulders and center back to allow extra fabric when the rider was bent over the bicycle. [33] (#cite_note-Brooks-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) The jacket design was incorporated into Rapha's ready-to-wear collection in 2010. [35] (#cite_note-35) In collaboration with bicycle saddle manufacturer Brooks England (/wiki/Brooks_England) during 2010, he developed a cycling jacket; under Brooks' John Boultbee clothing label. [33] (#cite_note-Brooks-33) The resulting 'Criterion Mk.1 cycling jacket', which used water and sweat-resistant materials, was shown at the Bread and Butter street and urban fashion fair, Berlin, in January 2011. [36] (#cite_note-YouTube2-36) [37] (#cite_note-B&B-37) Everest was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) in the 2010 New Year Honours (/wiki/2010_New_Year_Honours) for "services to the fashion industry". [38] (#cite_note-38) Having receiving the award from Queen Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) at Buckingham Palace (/wiki/Buckingham_Palace) on Saint David's Day (/wiki/Saint_David%27s_Day) 2010, with his wife and two daughters watching, he described the award as a "great honour, not only for me but my business and all who have been involved". [11] (#cite_note-MBE-11) [39] (#cite_note-honours-39) [40] (#cite_note-radio-40) He is quoted as saying that he would like "to be remembered as someone who made people take British clothing seriously". [33] (#cite_note-Brooks-33) [37] (#cite_note-B&B-37) The brand [ edit ] The Timothy Everest brand has three levels of tailoring. ' Bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) ' is aimed at young professionals with the means to purchase bespoke tailoring, but not necessarily the desire to visit Savile Row. Each customer is measured for an individual pattern to be hand-cut, from which their chosen cloth is cut and sewn by hand. [18] (#cite_note-Beazley-18) [41] (#cite_note-bespoke-41) Although still hand made, ' Made-to-measure (/wiki/Made_to_measure) ' garments use existing 'house' patterns, adapted to the customer's measurements. [42] (#cite_note-made-to-measure-42) The ' Ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) ' collection is sold in-house, at Everest's Mayfair branch, and in Japan. [43] (#cite_note-ready-to-wear-43) Emphasising his Savile Row background, Everest said, "We are tailors who design, not designers who discovered tailoring". [44] (#cite_note-Cigar-44) Marks and Spencer [ edit ] UK department store (/wiki/Department_store) retailer Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) ' collaboration with designers, launched in 1993 under their Designers at Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams#Products_and_services) range, was a success. [45] (#cite_note-marketing-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) Hoping to recapture some of their lost market share, Marks and Spencer (/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer) (M&S) asked Everest to review their menswear range. [45] (#cite_note-marketing-45) As Creative Consultant, he designed the Sartorial suiting line for their menswear collection. In October 2000, he designed the Autograph suiting line. [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) Noting that the M&S range consisted of Italian-style suiting, he aimed to achieve a more 'British' look from the cut, fit and styling and by using different fabrics and colours. [5] (#cite_note-YouTube-5) [15] (#cite_note-Grauniad-15) He also has responsibility for their Luxury collection. [12] (#cite_note-Who_is?-12) [47] (#cite_note-47) During M&S advertising campaigns, his designs for the Autograph range have been modelled by several British celebrities, including David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) , Bryan Ferry (/wiki/Bryan_Ferry) , Jimmy Carr (/wiki/Jimmy_Carr) , Martin Freeman (/wiki/Martin_Freeman) , Bob Mortimer (/wiki/Bob_Mortimer) and Take That (/wiki/Take_That) . [48] (#cite_note-48) In 2007, M&S were selected by The Football Association (/wiki/The_Football_Association) as "Official Tailor to the England football team (/wiki/England_national_football_team) " and Everest designed the team's official suits for the 2010 World Cup (/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup) in South Africa. [49] (#cite_note-49) Clientele [ edit ] Everest has, according to Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) , dressed "some of the world's most famous people". [50] (#cite_note-Vogue-50) He has clients worldwide and travels regularly for fittings in New York, Los Angeles and Japan. [51] (#cite_note-51) Closer to home, Everest's bespoke atelier in Spitalfields has a diverse client base that includes politicians (including British Prime Ministers past and present), and sports and Hollywood personalities. [3] (#cite_note-BBC_News-3) [39] (#cite_note-honours-39) Of his suit worn to the Oscars, Tom Cruise (/wiki/Tom_Cruise) commented, "Of course it fits; it's a Timothy Everest." [18] (#cite_note-Beazley-18) He has been costume designer (/wiki/Costume_design) on several films, including the first two Mission: Impossible (/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film_series)) films, Tube Tales (/wiki/Tube_Tales) , Eyes Wide Shut (/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Shut) , Appaloosa (/wiki/Appaloosa_(film)) , Atonement (/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)) , The Accidental Husband (/wiki/The_Accidental_Husband) and Mamma Mia! (/wiki/Mamma_Mia!_(film)) . [10] (#cite_note-Innocent-10) [52] (#cite_note-Film-52) Among his celebrity clients are Kevin Bacon (/wiki/Kevin_Bacon) , David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) , Matthew Broderick (/wiki/Matthew_Broderick) , Gordon Brown (/wiki/Gordon_Brown) , Pierce Brosnan (/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan) , David Cameron (/wiki/David_Cameron) , Jarvis Cocker (/wiki/Jarvis_Cocker) , Jeremy Irons (/wiki/Jeremy_Irons) , Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) , and James McAvoy (/wiki/James_McAvoy) . [3] (#cite_note-BBC_News-3) [33] (#cite_note-Brooks-33) [39] (#cite_note-honours-39) [53] (#cite_note-Men-53) See also [ edit ] Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) Junior Apprentice (/wiki/Junior_Apprentice) List of Marks & Spencer brands (/wiki/List_of_Marks_%26_Spencer_brands) Luke Scheybeler (/wiki/Luke_Scheybeler) Tindersticks (/wiki/Tindersticks_(1995_album)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Timothy Everest" (http://www.wipo.int/edocs/madgdocs/en/2006/madrid_g_2006_26.pdf) (PDF) . WIPO Gazette of International Marks . 11 (26). Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) : World Intellectual Property Organization (/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization) : 76. 3 August 2006. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1020-4679 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1020-4679) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Index entry" (http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=Rwtt6VmjbYGSUaeH%2FP%2B3Ew&scan=1) . FreeBMD . ONS . Retrieved 21 August 2018 . ^ a b c d "Bespoke tailor fan of PM's style" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/6265468.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 3 July 2007 . Retrieved 25 November 2010 . ^ a b Koh, Wei (December 2008). "Timothy Everest – One man to rule them all". Revolution (/w/index.php?title=Revolution_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) . pp. 129–141. ^ a b c "Timothy Everest Collection Introduction for M&S" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151219102444/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KogNKkZBjWA&NR=1) . YouTube . Marks & Spencer TV (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) . 4 November 2010. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KogNKkZBjWA&NR=1) (YouTube) on 19 December 2015 . Retrieved 18 March 2011 . ^ a b c d e f g h i Lipkin, Ash J. (30 April 2010). "Tinker, Tailor, Timothy Everest" (http://www.arbuturian.com/2010/timothy-everest) . London: The Arbuturian (/wiki/The_Arbuturian) . Retrieved 21 May 2010 . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ a b c d e f Buttolph, Angela (14 July 1996). "A New Peak For Everest" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/a-new-peak-for-everest-1328771.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/a-new-peak-for-everest-1328771.html) from the original on 21 June 2022 . 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Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 26 February 2011 . - "Timothy Everest Mark Gertler" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/gertler) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 26 February 2011 . ^ a b c d e f O'Connell, Simon (15 September 2000). "A suitable boy" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2000/sep/15/fashion) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Sherwood, James (2010). "The New Generation of Modern Tailoring" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/britishstylegenius/content/21811.shtml) . BBC British Style Genius series . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . Retrieved 30 July 2010 . - "British Style Genius; press pack episode guide" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/09_september/15/style1.shtml) . BBC press pack . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 2010 . Retrieved 27 February 2011 . ^ a b Eceiza, Laura (September 2010). Atlas of Fashion Designers . Beverly, Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers. pp. 551 & 554 (https://archive.org/details/atlasoffashionde0000ecei/page/551) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59253-661-0 . ^ a b c d McDermott, Catherine (2002). Made in Britain: tradition and style in contemporary British fashion . London: Octopus Publishing Group (/wiki/Octopus_Publishing_Group) . pp. 40, 44–48 (https://archive.org/details/madeinbritaintra0000mcde/page/40) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-84000-545-9 . ^ a b Lipkin, Ash J. (30 April 2010). "Tinker, Tailor, Timothy Everest" (http://www.arbuturian.com/2010/timothy-everest/3) . London: The Arbuturian (/wiki/The_Arbuturian) . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-m&S_20-0) "Timothy Everest Marks and Spencer" (http://timothyeverest.com/mands) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 6 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Dey, Iain (6 October 2001). "DAKS Simpson to close its Lanarkshire factory" (http://business.scotsman.com/management/DAKS-Simpson-to-close-its.2265548.jp) . The Scotsman . Edinburgh . Retrieved 19 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Textiles_22-0) "International textiles" (https://books.google.com/books?id=v_XxAAAAMAAJ&q=%22New+Bespoke+Movement%22) . International Textiles (825–831): 186. 2002 . Retrieved 11 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-DAKS_23-0) "Timothy Everest DAKS" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/daks) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_2010_24-0) Bignell, Paul; Lipkin, Ash J (19 September 2010). "Couture club: Meet the men behind the bespoke-casual revolution" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/couture-club-meet-the-men-behind-the-bespokecasual-revolution-2080191.html) . The Independent Online (/wiki/The_Independent) . London: The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/couture-club-meet-the-men-behind-the-bespokecasual-revolution-2080191.html) from the original on 21 June 2022 . Retrieved 10 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Levis_25-0) "Timothy Everest Levis/ Oki-Ni" (http://timothyeverest.com/tailored-denim) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 14 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rocawear_26-0) "Timothy Everest Rocawear" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/rocawear) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 17 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Style_27-0) Blanks, Tim (29 January 2006). "Kim Jones fall 2006 menswear collection on Style.com: runway review" (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2006MEN-KJONES) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Condé Nast digital (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . 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October 2008. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1548-212X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1548-212X) . Retrieved 29 July 2010 . - Lewis, Tim (26 July 2009). "Tim Lewis on the resurgence of cycling in Britain" (https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/jul/26/cycling-britain-dave-cameron) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London . Retrieved 14 March 2010 . - Gay,Jason (1 April 2009). "In These Clothes, You Can Go Far" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/02/fashion/02FITNESS.html?_r=2) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . New York . Retrieved 9 April 2010 . - Fichtner, Brian (27 February 2009). "Rapha x Timothy Everest Bespoke Suit" (http://www.coolhunting.com/style/rapha-x-timothy.php) . Cool Hunting . New York: Captain Lucas Inc . Retrieved 9 April 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Tailored Jacket" (http://www.rapha.cc/tailored-jacket) . Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) website . Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) . 2010 . 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"BBC Wales director joins Status Quo in new year honours" (http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/cardiff-news/2009/12/31/bbc-wales-director-joins-status-quo-in-new-year-honours-91466-25498806/) . WalesOnline (/wiki/WalesOnline) website . Media Wales Ltd (/wiki/Media_Wales) . Retrieved 25 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-radio_40-0) "Timothy Everest: BBC Radio Cymru" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/bbc-cymru) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 25 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-bespoke_41-0) "Timothy Everest Bespoke" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/bespoke) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 28 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-made-to-measure_42-0) "Timothy Everest Made-to-measure" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/made-to-measure) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 28 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-ready-to-wear_43-0) "Timothy Everest Ready-to-wear" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/made-to-measure) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 28 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cigar_44-0) Bettridge, Jack (1 June 2006). "The new face of Savile Row" (http://www.cigaraficionado.com/webfeatures/show/id/The-New-Face-of-Savile-Row_8746/p/6) . Cigar Aficionado (/wiki/Cigar_Aficionado) . New York: Cigar Aficionado Online: 6 . Retrieved 27 February 2010 . ^ a b Ranchhod, Ashok (2004). Strategic Marketing in Practice . Professional Postgraduate Diploma in Marketing. Vol. 2004–2005 Syllabus. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann (/wiki/Butterworth%E2%80%93Heinemann) . p. 186. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7506-6195-X . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "The Designers at Debenhams story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120301123130/http://www.debenhams.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/category_10001_10001_125651_-1) . Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) website . Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) . 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.debenhams.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/category_10001_10001_125651_-1) on 1 March 2012 . Retrieved 6 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) 'M & S relaunch Sartorial range with Timothy Everest'. [1] (http://www.internationalsupermarketnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1590:mas-relaunch-sartorial-range-with-timothy-everest) , International Supermarket News , London. Retrieved 29-07-10. ^ (#cite_ref-48) "No joke as M&S unveils comic ads" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4162554.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) website . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 18 August 2005 . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . - Coulson, Clare (30 August 2006). "Bryan Ferry puts on the style for M&S" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1527560/Bryan-Ferry-puts-on-the-style-for-MandS.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . London . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . - "Take That to front M&S campaign" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/take-that-to-front-mamps-campaign-402856.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . London. 19 September 2007. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/take-that-to-front-mamps-campaign-402856.html) from the original on 21 June 2022 . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "M&S suits England" (http://www.thefa.com/England/news/2007/marksandspencer) . The Football Associationwebsite (/wiki/The_Football_Association) . The Football Association (/wiki/The_Football_Association) . 17 May 2007 . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . - "England footballers model new World Cup suits" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8694687.stm) . BBC Sport (/wiki/BBC_Sport) website . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 20 May 2010 . Retrieved 7 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_50-0) "Conquering Everest" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2002-01/020108-conquering-everest.aspx) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . London: Condé Nast Digital (UK) (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . 8 January 2002 . Retrieved 8 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "An Introduction to Bespoke" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/tailoring/bespoke) , Timothy Everest , London. Retrieved 15 April 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-Film_52-0) "Timothy Everest Film work" (http://www.timothyeverest.co.uk/film-work) . Timothy Everest website . Timothy Everest. 2010 . Retrieved 17 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Men_53-0) Tither, Helen (9 June 2008). "Made to Measure" (http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/life_and_style/wellbeing/s/1053247_made_to_measure) . Manchester Evening News (/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News) . Manchester . Retrieved 17 March 2011 . External links [ edit ] https://www.greyflannel.co.uk/pages/about-timothy-everest-mbe (https://www.greyflannel.co.uk/pages/about-timothy-everest-mbe) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000418545981) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/305236862) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhmGTYy6h7rTFPrH4Fh73) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013094176) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐v4rdx Cached time: 20240722165523 Cache expiry: 803079 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.714 seconds Real time usage: 1.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5862/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 112032/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2781/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 234202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.443/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7977716/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 760.344 1 -total 46.77% 355.596 1 Template:Reflist 17.85% 135.703 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 15.05% 114.433 10 Template:Cite_journal 14.43% 109.740 34 Template:Cite_web 10.77% 81.899 1 Template:Authority_control 8.53% 64.885 1 Template:Short_description 6.60% 50.159 1 Template:Puffery 6.06% 46.061 1 Template:Ambox 5.87% 44.645 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27919485-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165523 and revision id 1221664596. 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London-based women's clothing label Goat Fashion is a London (/wiki/London) based womenswear label. It was founded in 2001 by Jane Lewis as a small range of tailored separates and knits using cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) , wool (/wiki/Wool) and silk yarns (/wiki/Silk) and has grown into a complete ready-to-wear collection. The brand is stocked by boutiques and stores predominantly in the UK (/wiki/UK) . The Goat trademark was sold in 2020 and in 2021 Goat Fashion rebranded to Jane, named after the Founder and Creative Director Jane Lewis. [1] (#cite_note-1) Fans [ edit ] Celebrity clients of the label include the Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Duchess_of_Cambridge) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) and Lana Del Rey (/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Company timeline [ edit ] 2012 – Goat received the backing of Private Equity fund Amery Capital [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) 2012 – Goat launched an e commerce site (/wiki/Ecommerce) [7] (#cite_note-7) 2013 – Goat was named as one of the eight selected businesses for the Walpole Luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods#Luxury_brands) Brands of the Future programme [8] (#cite_note-8) 2013 – in August, Goat invested in a London (/wiki/London) -wide billboard campaign (/wiki/Billboard) [9] (#cite_note-9) 2020 – the Goat trademark was sold. 2021 – the company rebranded to Jane and the website changed to JaneAtelier.com (http://www.janeatelier.com//) . See also [ edit ] CuteCircuit (/wiki/CuteCircuit) Anna Valentine (/wiki/Anna_Valentine) Finery (company) (/wiki/Finery_(company)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Knowles, James (3 September 2012). "Close-Up preview: Q&A with Goat founder and designer Jane Lewis" (http://www.drapersonline.com/in-business/close-up-preview-qa-with-goat-founder-and-designer-jane-lewis/5040281.article) . Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) . EMAP . Retrieved 31 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Latest News Stories | Fashion | Grazia" (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/kate-middleton-wears-a-topshop-collar-dress-and-goat-coat-for-a-charity-visit-to-child-bereavement-u) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lana del Rey's new National Anthem video look revealed | heatworld.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140222004833/http://www.heatworld.com/Star-Style/2012/06/Lana-Del-Reys-new-video-look-revealed/) . Archived from the original (http://www.heatworld.com/Star-Style/2012/06/Lana-Del-Reys-new-video-look-revealed/) on 22 February 2014 . Retrieved 8 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "London's Goat Label Seeking Growth" (http://www.wwd.com/markets-news/ready-to-wear-sportswear/londons-goat-label-seeking-growth-7166254) . 19 September 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Article title (https://web.archive.org/web/20140222141725/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/business/Retail_and_leisure/article1287458.ece) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Goat Benefits from the Kate Effect" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/07/15/goat-sells-minority-stake-to-amery-capital) . 15 July 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Goat Outlines Expansion Plans" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/10/29/goat-fashion-label-launches-ecommerce) . 29 October 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Introducing the 2013 Brands of Tomorrow | Walpole" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140214224946/http://www.thewalpole.co.uk/node/160) . Archived from the original (http://www.thewalpole.co.uk/node/160) on 14 February 2014 . Retrieved 8 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Goat's London billboard campaign" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/womenswear/news/goats-london-billboard-campaign/5052245.article) . 20 August 2013. 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Vietnamese-born British novelist Huong Keenleyside (born 1971) is a Vietnamese-born British novelist. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) She was born in Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) to Vietnamese parents. Hương originally followed in her father's path to open a tailor shop (/wiki/Tailor) at the age of 17. She moved to the United Kingdom in 1998, to her husband's home county of Yorkshire (/wiki/Yorkshire) , and established a new fashion business. She has written three books: Secrets of [the] soul (Hanoi, 1994) For the love of Vietnam , espionage fiction (London, 2007) Cầu vồng ở Iraq ("Rainbow in Iraq"), collection of stories (2009) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nhà văn Hương Keenleyside: Tự hào văn hoá Việt (http://vnca.cand.com.vn/vi-vn/doisongvanhoa/2010/1/54551.cand) August 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-2) York Press article (http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/leisure/books/1996828.the_other_war/) 2008 Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/212263891) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62v4rvw) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/145470660) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐bbmz6 Cached time: 20240714111217 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.176 seconds Real time usage: 0.243 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 254/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5216/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 486/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.122/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1783900/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 224.277 1 -total 53.74% 120.520 1 Template:Authority_control 38.91% 87.257 1 Template:Short_description 19.09% 42.820 2 Template:Pagetype 12.60% 28.254 3 Template:Main_other 11.48% 25.748 1 Template:SDcat 6.20% 13.914 1 Template:Reflist 1.30% 2.906 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27363228-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714111217 and revision id 1170106364. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huong_Keenleyside&oldid=1170106364 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huong_Keenleyside&oldid=1170106364) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1971 births (/wiki/Category:1971_births) British writers (/wiki/Category:British_writers) British people of Vietnamese descent (/wiki/Category:British_people_of_Vietnamese_descent) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Writers from Hanoi (/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Hanoi) Vietnamese emigrants to the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_emigrants_to_the_United_Kingdom) Vietnamese writers (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_writers) English-language literature of Vietnam (/wiki/Category:English-language_literature_of_Vietnam) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SNAC-ID_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers)
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Indian fashion designer Manoviraj Khosla Born Bengaluru (/wiki/Bengaluru) , India Nationality Indian Education The Doon School (/wiki/The_Doon_School) St. Xavier's College, Kolkata (/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Kolkata) American College for the Applied Arts (/wiki/American_InterContinental_University) , London (/wiki/London) Occupation(s) Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1990-present Known for Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) Website www (http://www.manovirajkhosla.com/) .manovirajkhosla (http://www.manovirajkhosla.com/) .com (http://www.manovirajkhosla.com/) Manoviraj Khosla is an Indian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Bengaluru (/wiki/Bengaluru) who retails under his eponymous (/wiki/Eponymous) label. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-auto-2) He also works as a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , whose work has featured in Indian films like Lessons in Forgetting (/wiki/Lessons_in_Forgetting) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Education [ edit ] Khosla was educated at The Doon School (/wiki/The_Doon_School) in Dehradun, and then got a bachelor's degree (/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree) in commerce from. St. Xavier's College, Kolkata (/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Kolkata) . [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) He then went to study fashion design at the American College for the Applied Arts (/wiki/American_InterContinental_University) in London (/wiki/London) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-auto2-6) Work [ edit ] Khosla launched his label in 1990, first producing menswear (/wiki/Menswear) and later expanding to include womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) . [2] (#cite_note-auto-2) In 1995, Khosla launched his first 'Kingfisher Line' in association with the UB Group (/wiki/UB_Group) . [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) The Kingfisher Line was later reinterpreted and launched in different versions in 2003 and 2010. [6] (#cite_note-auto2-6) In 2011, Khosla showcased his line at the first Force India (/wiki/Force_India) Octane Nights fashion show. [7] (#cite_note-7) Khosla's style draws inspiration from both Indian and Western aesthetics (/wiki/Aesthetics) , and focuses on experimenting with various cuts (/wiki/Cut_(clothing)) and fabrics (/wiki/Fabrics) . [2] (#cite_note-auto-2) In contrast to luxury Indian couture labels, Khosla ensures affordability of the pieces produced under his label. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Daftuar, Swati (4 September 2010). " (https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Mens-wear-is-high-fashion-too/article15902878.ece) 'Men's wear is high fashion too' (https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Mens-wear-is-high-fashion-too/article15902878.ece) " (https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Mens-wear-is-high-fashion-too/article15902878.ece) . The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com. ^ a b c "MANOVIRAJ KHOSLA" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/manoviraj-khosla/story-WylujEoIBgjVJ2sm7i4o3M.html) . Hindustan Times . 30 March 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lessons in Forgetting - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/Lessons-in-Forgetting/articleshow/19580108.cms) . The Times of India . 16 April 2013. ^ a b "Designed to succeed" (https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/designed-to-succeed/cid/481045) . www.telegraphindia.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion's Kingfisher | undefined News - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune-times/Fashions-Kingfisher/articleshow/1053550934.cms) . The Times of India . 20 December 2001. ^ a b "Manoviraj Khosla has designs on Kolkata women | undefined News - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/Manoviraj-Khosla-has-designs-on-Kolkata-women/articleshow/36028502.cms) . The Times of India . 31 January 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Manoviraj Khosla's fashion show - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/Manoviraj-Khoslas-fashion-show/articleshow/9945140.cms) . The Times of India . 12 September 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "India Today Magazine Issue - Dated June 22, 2020" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200623011447/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20111010-bagalore-) . www.indiatoday.in . Archived from the original (https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20111010-bagalore-) on 23 June 2020. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Socialites by country (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Socialites_by_country) . This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . For more information, see socialite (/wiki/Socialite) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 54 subcategories, out of 54 total. Salon-holders by nationality (/wiki/Category:Salon-holders_by_nationality) (31 C) A Afghan socialites (/wiki/Category:Afghan_socialites) (1 P) American socialites (/wiki/Category:American_socialites) (28 C, 665 P) Argentine socialites (/wiki/Category:Argentine_socialites) (1 C, 7 P) Australian socialites (/wiki/Category:Australian_socialites) (15 P) Austrian socialites (/wiki/Category:Austrian_socialites) (1 C, 3 P) B Bolivian socialites (/wiki/Category:Bolivian_socialites) (2 P) Brazilian socialites (/wiki/Category:Brazilian_socialites) (8 P) British socialites (/wiki/Category:British_socialites) (5 C, 96 P) C Canadian socialites (/wiki/Category:Canadian_socialites) (1 C, 46 P) Central African Republic socialites (/wiki/Category:Central_African_Republic_socialites) (1 P) Chilean socialites (/wiki/Category:Chilean_socialites) (1 C, 10 P) Chinese socialites (/wiki/Category:Chinese_socialites) (1 C, 5 P) Colombian socialites (/wiki/Category:Colombian_socialites) (1 C, 9 P) Czech socialites (/wiki/Category:Czech_socialites) (1 P) D Danish socialites (/wiki/Category:Danish_socialites) (1 C, 6 P) Dutch socialites (/wiki/Category:Dutch_socialites) (1 C, 2 P) F Filipino socialites (/wiki/Category:Filipino_socialites) (4 P) French socialites (/wiki/Category:French_socialites) (2 C, 54 P) G German socialites (/wiki/Category:German_socialites) (1 C, 32 P) Greek socialites (/wiki/Category:Greek_socialites) (1 C, 12 P) H Hong Kong socialites (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_socialites) (4 P) Hungarian socialites (/wiki/Category:Hungarian_socialites) (2 C, 4 P) I Indian socialites (/wiki/Category:Indian_socialites) (13 P) Indonesian socialites (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_socialites) (32 P) Iraqi socialites (/wiki/Category:Iraqi_socialites) (1 P) Irish socialites (/wiki/Category:Irish_socialites) (18 P) Italian socialites (/wiki/Category:Italian_socialites) (1 C, 33 P) J Japanese socialites (/wiki/Category:Japanese_socialites) (7 P) Jordanian socialites (/wiki/Category:Jordanian_socialites) (1 P) K Kenyan socialites (/wiki/Category:Kenyan_socialites) (1 P) L Lebanese socialites (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_socialites) (1 C, 18 P) Luxembourgian socialites (/wiki/Category:Luxembourgian_socialites) (2 P) M Malaysian socialites (/wiki/Category:Malaysian_socialites) (23 P) Mexican socialites (/wiki/Category:Mexican_socialites) (5 P) N New Zealand socialites (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_socialites) (1 C, 3 P) Nigerian socialites (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_socialites) (5 C, 12 P) Norwegian socialites (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_socialites) (1 C, 3 P) P Pakistani socialites (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_socialites) (9 P) Polish socialites (/wiki/Category:Polish_socialites) (1 C, 1 P) Portuguese socialites (/wiki/Category:Portuguese_socialites) (1 C, 1 P) R Russian socialites (/wiki/Category:Russian_socialites) (2 C, 10 P) Rwandan socialites (/wiki/Category:Rwandan_socialites) (3 P) S Serbian socialites (/wiki/Category:Serbian_socialites) (4 P) Singaporean socialites (/wiki/Category:Singaporean_socialites) (2 P) South African socialites (/wiki/Category:South_African_socialites) (3 P) South Korean socialites (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_socialites) (2 P) Spanish socialites (/wiki/Category:Spanish_socialites) (1 C, 15 P) Swedish socialites (/wiki/Category:Swedish_socialites) (1 C, 19 P) Swiss socialites (/wiki/Category:Swiss_socialites) (1 C, 11 P) T Tanzanian socialites (/wiki/Category:Tanzanian_socialites) (1 P) Turkish socialites (/wiki/Category:Turkish_socialites) (2 P) U Ukrainian socialites (/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_socialites) (2 P) V Venezuelan socialites (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_socialites) (1 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Socialites_by_nationality&oldid=1174977405 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Socialites_by_nationality&oldid=1174977405) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Socialites (/wiki/Category:Socialites) Social groups by country (/wiki/Category:Social_groups_by_country) People by status and nationality (/wiki/Category:People_by_status_and_nationality) Hidden categories: Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined) Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
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German model (born 1994) This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Luisa Hartema Born ( 1994-12-26 ) 26 December 1994 (age 29) Leer (/wiki/Leer,_Lower_Saxony) , Germany Occupation Model Years active 2012–present Modeling information Height 5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1.77 m) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Luisa Hartema (born 26 December 1994) is a German model. She won the seventh season (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_(cycle_7)) of Germany's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) . Biography [ edit ] In 2012, Hartema took part in the seventh season (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_(cycle_7)) of ProSieben (/wiki/ProSieben) 's Germany's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) , presented by Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , which 15,700 candidates applied for. She quickly became a stand-out candidate for her modeling potential, which was praised by the judges as well as by all the clients that appeared in the show, but her lack of self-confidence was criticized by the judges at the same time. Throughout the show, Hartema was picked for seven jobs in total, which makes her the candidate with the most booked jobs in the history of all Germany's Next Topmodel seasons. She won the competition in the live finale on 7 June 2012 at the Lanxess Arena (/wiki/Lanxess_Arena) in Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) , beating Sarah-Anessa Hitzschke, Dominique Miller and Kasia Lenhardt. As her prizes for winning, she received a cover of German Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , a temporary apartment stay in a fashion metropolis of her choice, campaigns with Emmi Caffè Latte, Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) Jade and Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) , and a contract with OneEins Management. In 2012, she appeared in the music video for Hurricane Dean's "Appeal". In 2013, she was featured in Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . In 2014, she worked for ASOS.com (/wiki/ASOS.com) and Escada (/wiki/Escada) , and signed a contract with ONEeins Management. She has since been signed with Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) and IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) in Australia. Filmography [ edit ] 2012: Hurricane Dean - "Appeal" External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luisa Hartema (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Luisa_Hartema) . 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Hamilton is a celebrity fashion designer known for his work with the NBA and pop culture figures. Jeff Hamilton (née Bohbot; August 17th, 1955) is a Moroccan celebrity fashion designer known for his graphic embroidered leather jackets and their contribution to the iconography of sports and popular culture. [1] (#cite_note-auto2-1) Early life [ edit ] Hamilton was born in Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) , grew up in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , and emigrated to California (/wiki/California) when he was 24. [2] (#cite_note-auto4-2) Career [ edit ] While working in the Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) garment district in 1983, Hamilton met one of the founders of Guess Jeans (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , fellow French expatriate, Georges Marciano, and the two became friends. At this time, Guess Jeans only made clothing for women. Hamilton approached Marciano about acquiring the license to use the Guess name in order to create a clothing line for men, and Marciano agreed. [3] (#cite_note-auto1-3) Within two years, Hamilton’s menswear line for Guess reported $30 million in sales, up from $2 million in the first year. However, the partnership between Hamilton and Marciano ended contentiously in 1986. [4] (#cite_note-4) Following the dissolution of Hamilton’s relationship with Guess, Hamilton began to design hand-embroidered, “unapologetically loud” logo leather jackets featuring bright colors and oversized graphics. [2] (#cite_note-auto4-2) He is credited for popularizing the NBA championship leather jacket style which permeated popular culture throughout the late eighties, nineties and into the early 2000s. [3] (#cite_note-auto1-3) Leather Jackets [ edit ] Hamilton is perhaps best known for the memorabilia he has designed for stars of the NBA and is himself considered to be a part of the sport's history. [1] (#cite_note-auto2-1) At the 1997 All Star game, when a panel selected the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (/wiki/50_Greatest_Players_in_NBA_History) , each honoree received a unique NBA-commissioned Hamilton leather jacket to wear to the ceremony. Hamilton also designed the commemorative jackets 25 years later when the NBA announced a 75th Anniversary Team (/wiki/NBA_75th_Anniversary_Team) to honor the 75 greatest players in NBA history. [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) Hamilton designed jackets for Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) and The 1996 Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) , which often rank among the top ten teams in basketball history. Hamilton championship jackets were also made for the 2000-2002 Los Angeles Lakers (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers) . During this period, The LA Lakers - led by Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal - won three consecutive NBA Championship Titles, becoming only the fifth team in NBA history to do so. [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) Because these teams are remembered by NBA fans as basketball legend, the championship jackets themselves are considered to be a part of NBA lore. [5] (#cite_note-auto3-5) At Kobe Bryant's final game in 2016, popular hip-hop artist Drake wore a custom Hamilton leather jacket embroidered with the words "Farewell Mamba." [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) Popular Culture [ edit ] Comedian Martin Lawrence (/wiki/Martin_Lawrence) wore a quilted Jeff Hamilton jacket in the title sequence for his sitcom Martin (/wiki/Martin_(TV_series)) , and 90s television host Arsenio Hall (/wiki/Arsenio_Hall) dubbed Hamilton the "emperor of the leather jacket." [2] (#cite_note-auto4-2) Other celebrities who have commissioned Hamilton pieces include: Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) , George Michael (/wiki/George_Michael) , Vanilla Ice (/wiki/Vanilla_Ice) , Guns n’ Roses (/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses) , P Diddy (/wiki/Sean_Combs) , A$AP Rocky (/wiki/ASAP_Rocky) , Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) , and Nelson Mandela (/wiki/Nelson_Mandela) . In hip-hop culture, a Jeff Hamilton jacket is considered a symbol of status and success. The Jeff Hamilton name has been used to this effect in rap songs by such rap artists as Cam’ron (/wiki/Cam%27ron) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) . [3] (#cite_note-auto1-3) Influence [ edit ] Hamilton’s designs for the NBA continue to influence the designers of other clothing brands. In 2018, Hamilton’s NBA championship jacket designs were unofficially referenced by streetwear brand Supreme in a collaboration with Nike. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2021, lifestyle brand Converse (/wiki/Converse_(lifestyle_wear)) , released a collection of footwear inspired by Hamilton’s best known NBA championship jackets. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Fashion Designer's NBA Finals Jackets Have Made Him a Part of History" (https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-east/sports/2020/10/09/fashion-designer-s-nba-finals-jackets-have-made-him-a-part-of-history) . spectrumnews1.com . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ a b c "Meet the man behind the loud, iconic jackets worn by NBA stars" (https://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/04/meet-the-man-behind-some-of-the-loud-iconic-jackets-worn-in-the-nba) . For The Win . 2016-04-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ a b c Gallagher, Jacob; Anderson, Chantal (2022-08-29). "This 67-Year-Old Artist Made the Most Iconic Jackets of the '90s. Now He's Back" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-hamilton-jackets-kobe-bryant-nba-90s-logo-11661545885) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Martha Groves (1986-04-13). "In Jeans Business, Trademark Suits Are in Style" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-13-fi-4621-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ a b Gonzalez, Eddie (2021-10-19). "How Jeff Hamilton's Leather Jackets Kick-started a Movement | The ETCs Locked In" (https://boardroom.tv/nba-jeff-hamilton-jackets-etcs-locked-in/) . Boardroom . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ a b "Drake's 'Farewell Mamba' jacket comes from a familiar source" (https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/page/instantawesome-drakekobejacket-160213/drake-farewell-mamba-jacket-comes-familiar-source) . ESPN.com . 2016-02-15 . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) DeStefano, Mike. "Jeff Hamilton Discusses His Dream Collaboration With Supreme: 'It's an Important Part of My Legacy' (https://www.complex.com/style/a/mike-destefano/jeff-hamilton-supreme-leather-jacket-collaboration-interview) " (https://www.complex.com/style/a/mike-destefano/jeff-hamilton-supreme-leather-jacket-collaboration-interview) . Complex . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Chinatown Market and Converse's NBA Capsule Is Inspired by Jeff Hamilton's Championship Jackets" (https://hypebeast.com/2021/3/chinatown-market-converse-jeff-hamilton-chuck-70-pro-leather-release-info) . Hypebeast . 2021-03-01 . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . This article needs additional or more specific categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization) . Please help out (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hamilton_(designer)&action=edit) by adding categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?) to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. 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British fashion designer and businessman This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gifi_Fields) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Gifi_Fields) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . 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( November 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gifi Fields Born Gordon Ivan Fields June 1951 (age 73) Nationality British Occupation(s) Fashion designer and businessman Notable work Rah-rah skirt (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Gordon Ivan "Gifi" Fields (born June 1951) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a British fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and businessman. He is a co-founder of the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) and one of the creators of the rah-rah skirt (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) . Biography [ edit ] After leaving school at the age of 16, Gifi Fields founded a succession of fashion labels. In 1968, he founded Ragfreak Clothing, which closed in 1971 when he founded Gingernut. When that closed in 1975, he opened Coppernob the following year. He was a co-founder of the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) in 1983, the same year he founded Snob, which operated until 1987. [2] (#cite_note-gothere-2) During the early part of his career, he designed for shops such as Bloomingdales (/wiki/Bloomingdales) , Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) and Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) . When Top Shop (/wiki/Top_Shop) began featuring the work of individual designers/brands, he was in the first group of six alongside Jeff Banks (/wiki/Jeff_Banks) , Stirling Cooper (/wiki/Stirling_Cooper) , Alice Pollock (/wiki/Alice_Pollock) 's Quorum, Miss Mouse (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Mouse&action=edit&redlink=1) and French Connection (/wiki/French_Connection_(clothing)) . [3] (#cite_note-fieldsbio-3) Alongside Angela Stone (/w/index.php?title=Angela_Stone&action=edit&redlink=1) , he was one of the creators of the Rah-rah skirt (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) . [2] (#cite_note-gothere-2) In 2015, Fields launched plus-size clothing (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) retailer Scarlett & Jo. In the first year of business, it was nominated in four categories at the British Plus-Sized Awards, while Fields was nominated for best person in business. [2] (#cite_note-gothere-2) Rather than having dedicated shops, the brand is sold through other retailers such as Yours and Evans. [4] (#cite_note-scarlettlaunch-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "SCARLETT & JO LIMITED - Officers (free information from Companies House)" (https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02760692/officers) . beta.companieshouse.gov.uk . Retrieved 28 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Konan, Julie (26 July 2016). "How I got here: Gifi Fields, founder of plus-size retailer Scarlett & Jo" (https://www.drapersonline.com/people/how-i-got-here-gifi-fields-founder-of-plus-size-etailer-scarlett-and-jo/7009218.article?blocktitle=Careers&contentID=18982) . Draper . Retrieved 27 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-fieldsbio_3-0) "Gifi Fields" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/author/gifi-fields) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 27 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-scarlettlaunch_4-0) Macdonald, George (2 November 2015). "Fashion veteran Gifi Fields launches Scarlett & Jo ecommerce site" (https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/fashion/fashion-veteran-gifi-fields-launches-scarlett-and-jo-ecommerce-site/7001708.article) . Retail Week . Retrieved 27 September 2017 . 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1950 1951 1952 1953 (/wiki/Category:1953_clothing) 1954 (/wiki/Category:1954_clothing) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_clothing) 1910s 1920s (/wiki/Category:1920s_clothing) 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐xwl5k Cached time: 20240719054418 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.118 seconds Real time usage: 0.175 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 145/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4108/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 39/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.079/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1036811/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 164.955 1 -total 85.15% 140.461 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 9.70% 15.993 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 6.21% 10.245 1 Template:Category_other 4.98% 8.213 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.66% 6.036 2 Template:Title_year 1.30% 2.140 1 Template:DECADE 1.16% 1.919 1 Template:Template_other 0.98% 1.615 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54848700-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719054418 and revision id 982830704. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "1955 clothing" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . W White dress of Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/White_dress_of_Marilyn_Monroe) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1955_clothing&oldid=982830704 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1955_clothing&oldid=982830704) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 1955 works (/wiki/Category:1955_works) 1950s clothing (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Serbian women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Serbia portal (/wiki/Portal:Serbia) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Serbian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Serbian_fashion_designers) . It includes Serbian fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐9lzq2 Cached time: 20240720204857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.163 seconds Real time usage: 0.198 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3973/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 301/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 934341/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 175.155 1 -total 46.42% 81.307 1 Template:Portal 42.62% 74.655 1 Template:Non-diffusing 36.55% 64.019 1 Template:Cmbox 10.75% 18.831 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 8.62% 15.102 2 Template:Category_other 6.55% 11.476 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.13% 5.481 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.40% 2.454 1 Template:Template_other 1.16% 2.025 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72300528-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204857 and revision id 1177799095. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Serbian women fashion designers" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Jelena Behrend (/wiki/Jelena_Behrend) D Melina Džinović (/wiki/Melina_D%C5%BEinovi%C4%87) L Aleksandra Lalić (/wiki/Aleksandra_Lali%C4%87) Ana Ljubinković (/wiki/Ana_Ljubinkovi%C4%87) M Evica Milovanov-Penezic (/wiki/Evica_Milovanov-Penezic) S Ivana Sert (/wiki/Ivana_Sert) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Serbian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799095 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Serbian_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799095) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Serbian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Serbian_fashion_designers) Serbian women artists (/wiki/Category:Serbian_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Filipino model and beauty pageant titleholder In this Philippine name (/wiki/Filipino_name) , the middle name (/wiki/Middle_name) or maternal family name (/wiki/Surname) is Advincula and the surname or paternal family name is de Moura . Nikki de Moura Born Nikki Advincula de Moura ( 2003-11-15 ) November 15, 2003 (age 20) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)) , Brazil Height 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Teen Philippines 2019 Miss Grand Philippines 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines_2023) Hair color Blonde Brown (Natural) Eye color Brown Major competition(s) Miss Teen Philippines 2019 (Winner) Miss Grand Philippines 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines_2023) (Winner) Miss Grand International 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) (Unplaced) Nikki Advincula de Moura (born November 15, 2003) is a Filipino model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Grand Philippines 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines_2023) . She represented the Philippines in the Miss Grand International 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) competition held in Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) , Vietnam on October 25, 2023. Early life [ edit ] De Moura was born on November 15, 2003, to a Brazilian father and a Filipino mother. She was born and raised in Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , Brazil and moved to the Philippines in 2016 to pursue a modeling career. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2021, de Moura competed in the sixth season (/wiki/Supermodel_Me_(season_6)) of the multi-platform reality series Supermodel Me (/wiki/Supermodel_Me) , where she placed second to Nguyễn Quỳnh Anh of Vietnam. [2] (#cite_note-2) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Network Notes Ref. 2021 Supermodel Me (season 6) (/wiki/Supermodel_Me_(season_6)) Herself / Contestant AXN Asia (/wiki/AXN_(Asian_TV_channel)) , iQIYI (/wiki/IQIYI) Runner-up Pageantry [ edit ] Year Pageant Notes Ref. 2019 Miss Teen Philippines Winner 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines_2023) Miss Grand Philippines (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines) Winner 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) Unplaced References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Who is Nikki de Moura, Miss Grand Philippines 2023?" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/things-to-know-profile-nikki-de-moura-miss-grand-philippines-2023/) . RAPPLER . July 16, 2023 . Retrieved July 17, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Policarpio, Allan (October 16, 2021). "PH bet Nikki de Moura says 'Supermodel Me' about women empowerment, 'not just being feminine and girly' (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/424167/ph-bet-nikki-de-moura-says-supermodel-me-about-women-empowerment-not-just-being-feminine-and-girly) " (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/424167/ph-bet-nikki-de-moura-says-supermodel-me-about-women-empowerment-not-just-being-feminine-and-girly) . INQUIRER.net . Retrieved July 17, 2023 . Awards and achievements Preceded by Roberta Tamondong (/wiki/Roberta_Tamondong) ( San Pablo, Laguna (/wiki/San_Pablo,_Laguna) ) Miss Grand Philippines (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Philippines_2023) Succeeded by Incumbent Preceded by Nicole Magadia (/wiki/Nicole_Magadia) ( Antipolo, Rizal (/wiki/Antipolo) ) Miss Teen Philippines 2019 Succeeded by Incumbent Preceded by Gabriela Leonardo Supermodel Me – 1st Runner-up (/wiki/Supermodel_Me) 2021 (/wiki/Supermodel_Me_(season_6)) Succeeded by Incumbent v t e Miss Grand International 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) contestants Angela Tanuzi (/wiki/Angela_Tanuzi) Adriana Yanca (/wiki/Adriana_Yanca) Victoria Olguín (/wiki/Victoria_Olgu%C3%ADn) Ruby Pouchet (/wiki/Ruby_Pouchet) María Alejandra López (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Alejandra_L%C3%B3pez) Sille Albertsen Arshina Sumbul (/wiki/Arshina_Sumbul) Ritassya Wellgreat (/wiki/Ritassya_Wellgreat) Ni Ni Lin Eain (/wiki/Ni_Ni_Lin_Eain) Luciana Fuster (/wiki/Luciana_Fuster) Nikki de Moura María Cristina Ramos (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_Ramos_(model)) Gugulethu Mayisela (/wiki/Gugulethu_Mayisela) Sthephanie Miranda (/wiki/Sthephanie_Miranda) Amaliya Shakirova (/wiki/Amaliya_Shakirova) Valentina Martínez (/wiki/Valentina_Mart%C3%ADnez_(model)) Lê Hoàng Phương (/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0ng_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) This Filipino biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Manufacturer of men's tailored suits and apparel. Fashion Park Clothes was a Rochester, New York (/wiki/Rochester,_New_York) -based manufacturer of men's tailored (/wiki/Tailor) suits (/wiki/Suit_(clothing)) and apparel. They were located at 432 Portland Ave (https://www.google.com/maps/place/432+Portland+Ave,+Rochester,+NY+14605/@43.1732398,-77.5934124,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89d6b5c738fec399:0x701aec1c58e868ec!8m2!3d43.1732398!4d-77.5912237) in Rochester, NY. They operated from the 1910s into the 1960s. In 1928, another Rochester-based clothing manufacturer, Stein-Bloch & Co., merged with Fashion Park. [1] (#cite_note-1) In the Washington (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , D.C. market, from 1919 to 1925, Fashion Park products were retailed by "The Young Men's Shop," 1319-1321 F Street, NW, and from 1926 to 1956, by "The Mode," located at 11th and F Streets, NW, and 3331 Connecticut Ave, NW. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Finding Aid to Stein-Bloch & Co. records in the Rare Books and Special Collections department, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester (accessed Sep 16, 2008) (http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1151) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Display Advertisements, The Washington Post , 1919-1962. This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Park_Clothes&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐tkj8r Cached time: 20240719100442 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.129 seconds Real time usage: 0.168 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 265/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4227/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 628/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.084/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1503090/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 155.002 1 -total 49.97% 77.459 1 Template:Clothing-stub 48.76% 75.572 1 Template:Asbox 38.98% 60.416 1 Template:Short_description 23.81% 36.911 2 Template:Pagetype 9.80% 15.196 1 Template:Reflist 8.44% 13.079 3 Template:Main_other 7.25% 11.230 1 Template:SDcat 1.18% 1.826 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19359617-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719100442 and revision id 1099738840. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Park_Clothes&oldid=1099738840 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Park_Clothes&oldid=1099738840) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Clothing_manufacturers) Manufacturing companies based in Rochester, New York (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Rochester,_New_York) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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American author and former model Kylie Bisutti Born Kylie Ann Ludlow ( 1990-03-31 ) March 31, 1990 (age 34) Jackpot, Nevada (/wiki/Jackpot,_Nevada) [1] (#cite_note-book-1) Spouse Mike Bisutti ( m. 2009) Children 4 Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Light brown Eye color Brown Kylie Bisutti (born March 31, 1990, in Jackpot, Nevada (/wiki/Jackpot,_Nevada) [1] (#cite_note-book-1) ) is an American author and former model who won the 2009 " Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Model Search" competition, [2] (#cite_note-2) broadcast online through CBS (/wiki/CBS) and concluded during the December 1st airing of that year's Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . She soon quit modeling lingerie [3] (#cite_note-FoxLingerie-3) [4] (#cite_note-vs-4) due to it conflicting with her Christian values [5] (#cite_note-VogueUK-5) and in 2013 published a memoir, I'm No Angel: From Victoria's Secret Model to Role Model . She followed that with a daily devotional (/wiki/Daily_devotional) book for young women, and later started a Christian clothing line with her aunt called God Inspired Fashion. [6] (#cite_note-TodayGIF-6) Personal life [ edit ] Bisutti (née Ludlow) was born in Jackpot, Nevada (/wiki/Jackpot,_Nevada) , and grew up in Las Vegas, Nevada (/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada) . At 15, she was invited by a friend from high school to a church youth group party, and after learning more about Christianity, became a Christian herself. [1] (#cite_note-book-1) For her 18th birthday, her parents took her on along on her father's company retreat to Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) , where she met her father's co-worker, Mike Bisutti, whom she began dating and later married in Cabo San Lucas (/wiki/Cabo_San_Lucas) in 2009. They now live in Montana (/wiki/Montana) . [1] (#cite_note-book-1) On January 21, 2014, they welcomed their first child, a boy named Jase Michael Bisutti. [7] (#cite_note-7) They have since welcomed two more sons: Luca Bisutti, born July 26, 2015, and Seth Michael Bisutti, born March 23, 2017. Her fourth child, daughter Juliyanna Grace, was born on January 24, 2019. Career [ edit ] Bisutti aspired to be a Victoria's Secret model from a young age, and recalls being told by friends and strangers to become a model. She won her first casting call (/wiki/Casting_call) at age eight and began modeling regularly at the Fashion Show Mall (/wiki/Fashion_Show_Mall) in Las Vegas. [1] (#cite_note-book-1) She won the 2009 "Victoria's Secret Model Search" competition and walked the runway at the 2009 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [ citation needed ] She later modeled for FHM (/wiki/FHM) and Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) . [8] (#cite_note-LATimes-8) In May 2013, Bisutti released her memoir (/wiki/Memoir) I'm No Angel: From Victoria's Secret Model to Role Model , describing her life and detailing how, after the show, she became disillusioned with modeling due to the provocative nature of the work, developing body image issues, and negative experiences with photographers. She claimed she went through "unhealthy" things to book jobs, such as crash and starvation diets, saying those behaviors are common practice among models. [9] (#cite_note-HP05162013-9) She said, "For little girls looking in, it's really not good for them to see those things." [9] (#cite_note-HP05162013-9) Bisutti decided to quit modeling, a decision her husband supported. [10] (#cite_note-10) She tweeted (/wiki/Twitter) "I quit being a VS model to be a Proverbs 31 (/wiki/Proverbs_31) wife." [8] (#cite_note-LATimes-8) Prior to the book's release, Victoria's Secret released a statement claiming Bisutti had made "numerous fabrications and misstatements…She was never a Victoria's Secret 'Angel' as defined by the terms of our Angel model contract. And contrary to Ms. Bisutti's claims, she was never offered any subsequent modeling contracts or opportunities with Victoria's Secret despite her multiple appeals for further work." Bisutti responded in an interview: "All the truth is in the book. … My book is really not about Victoria's Secret. It's about the modeling industry as a whole and about helping girls with self-body image issues, eating disorders and really exposing the entire industry for what it is. It's not targeting their brand." [11] (#cite_note-usmag-11) Bisutti said that initially legal issues were considered but after having read the book, the company "realized there were no grounds for the statements they came out with". [12] (#cite_note-TimeFashion-12) In 2014, Tyndale House (/wiki/Tyndale_House) published Bisutti's 30 Days to a More Beautiful You , a Christian devotional for young women. [13] (#cite_note-13) Bisutti and her aunt started a Christian clothing line for men, women and children that features inspirational sayings, Bible (/wiki/Bible) verses and artwork called God Inspired Fashion. She said "With all of the bullying that goes on nowadays, I really wanted to have clothing that focused on uplifting kids and verses that would maybe put a smile on someone’s face if they were having a bad day". She also wanted the clothing to be positive and provoke questions and conversations between students. [6] (#cite_note-TodayGIF-6) [14] (#cite_note-14) The clothing line as of 2018 is only available in the United States, but Bisutti said she has had requests from Europe, Mexico, and Canada. She also said that the only group that hadn't given positive feedback is atheists: "They are really against the children's line, and having Bible verses on children's clothing." The line differs from other Christian clothing in that items like collared shirts, vests, jackets, jeans and more are included, instead of the typical t-shirts with logos presented by other vendors. [12] (#cite_note-TimeFashion-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e I'm No Angel by Kylie Bisutti, 2013, Tyndale House Publishers, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781414383095 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781414383095) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kylie Bisutti bests Jamie Lee Darley to win Victoria's Secret Model Search, makes runway debut (http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2009/12/02/2009-12-02_kylie_bisutti_bests_jamie_lee_darley_to_win_victorias_secret_model_search_makes_.html) . NY Daily News . 2009-12-02. Retrieved 2009-12-14. ^ (#cite_ref-FoxLingerie_3-0) McKay, Hollie (2012-02-02). "Kylie Bisutti left lingerie modeling because it didn't mesh with her Christian values" (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/02/02/kylie-bisutti-left-lingerie-modeling-because-it-didnt-mesh-with-her-christian/) . Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-vs_4-0) "Victoria's Secret Model Quits to Reserve Body 'for My Husband' (https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/02/victorias-secret-model-quits-to-reserve-body-for-my-husband/) " (https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/02/victorias-secret-model-quits-to-reserve-body-for-my-husband/) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . Retrieved 4 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-VogueUK_5-0) Milligan, Lauren (2012-02-08). "Secret Stand" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/02/08/victorias-secret-model-kylie-bisutti-quit-christian-values) . Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_UK) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kyung Kim, Eun (2016-10-14). "Ex-Victoria's Secret model launches Christian-inspired clothing line" (https://www.today.com/style/ex-victorias-secret-model-launches-christian-inspired-clothing-line-6C10867948) . Today (/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Kylie gives birth" (http://magazine.foxnews.com/celebrity/victoria’s-secret-angel-kylie-bisutti-welcomes-baby-boy/) . Fox News, Retrieved May 14, 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b Saad, Nardine (2013-04-26). "Victoria's Secret rails against ex-model Kylie Bisutti" (http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-victorias-secret-kylie-bisutti-angel-book-20130426-story.html) . LA Times (/wiki/LA_Times) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bahadur, Nina (2013-05-16). "Kylie Bisutti, Former Victoria's Secret Angel, Reveals Drastic Weight Loss Methods Modeling Involved" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/16/kylie-bisutti-weight-loss-methods_n_3285703.html) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Barbarino, Al (2018-05-21). "Victoria's Secret Moves Upstairs After Kylie Bisutti Finds God" (http://commercialobserver.com/2013/05/victorias-secret-moves-upstairs-after-kylie-bisutti-finds-god/) . Commercial Observer (/wiki/Commercial_Observer) . Retrieved 2018-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-usmag_11-0) Eggenberger, Nicole (2013-05-14). "Kylie Bisutti Responds to Victoria's Secret Slam: "The Truth Is in the Book" (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kylie-bisutti-responds-to-victorias-secret-calling-her-a-liar-the-truth-is-in-the-book-2013145) " (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kylie-bisutti-responds-to-victorias-secret-calling-her-a-liar-the-truth-is-in-the-book-2013145) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gontcharova, Natalie (2013-08-08). "Former Victoria's Secret Model Kylie Bisutti Launches Christian Fashion Label" (http://style.time.com/2013/08/08/former-victorias-secret-model-kylie-bisutti-launches-christian-fashion-label/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2018-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) 30 Days to a More Beautiful You . Tyndale House (/wiki/Tyndale_House) . 18 April 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4143-9719-1 . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Owoseje, Toyin (2013-08-26). "Former Victoria's Secret Model Launches Christian Clothing Line" (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/former-victoria-secrets-model-launches-god-inspired-498071) . International Business Times (/wiki/International_Business_Times) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.imnoangel.org) Official company website (https://www.godinspiredfashion.com/) Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2009 - Kylie's Journey (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtnMGv475Lc&feature=PlayList&p=W9cjeCXrklI) (Official CBS YouTube page) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1923795/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000402838034) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/299065811) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCtxqbB9YDpYVRBMYdcP) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013017398) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639821205606) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐2vrfs Cached time: 20240722165541 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.499 seconds Real time usage: 0.655 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3208/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39187/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3951/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58281/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.353/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10860244/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 625.109 1 -total 39.38% 246.144 1 Template:Infobox_model 27.07% 169.195 1 Template:Reflist 15.74% 98.416 1 Template:Authority_control 11.04% 68.989 1 Template:Short_description 10.23% 63.925 3 Template:Cite_news 9.13% 57.083 1 Template:Marriage 7.52% 47.024 1 Template:ISBN 6.75% 42.196 1 Template:Infobox 6.40% 40.018 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25426238-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165541 and revision id 1232429506. 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Sartorial subculture centered on the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/La_Sape) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "La Sape" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22La+Sape%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22La+Sape%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22La+Sape%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22La+Sape%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22La+Sape%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22La+Sape%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Ugandan Sapeurs (2015) La Sape , an abbreviation based on the phrase Société des Ambianceurs et des Personnes Élégantes ( French (/wiki/French_language) ; literally "Society of Ambiance-Makers and Elegant People") and hinting to the French slang word sape which means "clothes" or sapé , which means "dressed up", is a subculture (/wiki/Subculture) centered on the cities of Kinshasa (/wiki/Kinshasa) and Brazzaville (/wiki/Brazzaville) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) and Republic of Congo (/wiki/Republic_of_Congo) respectively. An adherent of La Sape is known as a sapeur or, if female, as a sapeuse . [1] (#cite_note-npr-1) [2] (#cite_note-syd-2) The movement embodies the elegance in style and manners of colonial predecessor dandies (/wiki/Dandies) . [3] (#cite_note-lejournal-3) History [ edit ] La sape can be traced back to the period of colonialism in Africa, [3] (#cite_note-lejournal-3) particularly in the cities of Brazzaville (/wiki/Brazzaville) and Kinshasa (/wiki/Kinshasa) . Musician Papa Wemba (/wiki/Papa_Wemba) was an important supporter of La Sape in Congo. The houseboys used their connections in France to acquire their clothing. According to Gondola, Camille Diata frontlined the sape movement in Brazzaville in the 1930s, but also had a deep influence in France. He was also part of L'Amicale, "a loosely organized anti-colonial movement," formed in France in 1926 by the imaginative Congolese revolutionary André Matsoua (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Matsoua) . The organization mainly helped Africans new to Paris get settled in the city because they were not welcomed well by the French, facing imprisonment and deportation. By the time of Matsoua's death in 1942, his political developments gained prominence in the Congo and were "hijacked" by the Congolese intellectual elite. They not only adapted the fashion sense but also his anti-colonial views. This movement became a distinctly ethnic Bakongo (/wiki/Bakongo) and Balari (/wiki/Lari_people_(Congo)) one characterized by potent political symbolism and ideology that would manifest in postcolonial era. A Brazzaville sapeur being interviewed by Spanish filmmakers for the documentary Dimanche à Brazzaville (2010) The 1950s gave rise to the cosmopolitan, thus bringing prominence to the music scene. Nightclubs and beer halls made up the venues home to the music and young urbanites of the Congolese townships of Kinshasa and Brazzaville. During the postcolonial years, the unique dynamics of La Sape coalesced in 1960 when both Congos were granted independence. Economic chaos ensued and many were left jobless. This caused numerous Congolese people to move abroad to western cities like London (/wiki/London) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) . Since they were also not very welcome, La Sape acted as refuge for them to cope with European life. Papa Wemba (/wiki/Papa_Wemba) , a Congolese musician, is credited with reviving la sape in Kinshasa during the 1970s by emphasizing the importance of smartly dressed Congolese men. [3] (#cite_note-lejournal-3) Cultural influences [ edit ] Sapeurs were prominently featured in the 2012 music video for Solange (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) 's " Losing You (/wiki/Losing_You_(Solange_song)) ." [4] (#cite_note-tst-4) La Sape is the theme of the 2015 music video Sapés comme jamais (/wiki/Sap%C3%A9s_comme_jamais) by the artist Maître Gims (/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_Gims) . Sapeurs are shown in the film 35 Cows and a Kalashnikov (2014), directed by Oswald von Richthofen. Sapeurs were featured in the 2018 music video All the Stars (/wiki/All_the_Stars) by the artist Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Swenkas (/wiki/Swenkas) - similar movement in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) Zoot Suit (/wiki/Zoot_Suit) 1980s in African fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_African_fashion) 2010s in African fashion (/wiki/2010s_in_African_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-npr_1-0) Evancie, Angela (7 May 2013). "The Surprising Sartorial Culture Of Congolese 'Sapeurs' (https://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2013/05/07/181704510/the-surprising-sartorial-culture-of-congolese-sapeurs) " (https://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2013/05/07/181704510/the-surprising-sartorial-culture-of-congolese-sapeurs) . National Public Radio (/wiki/National_Public_Radio) . Retrieved 17 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-syd_2-0) Kembrey, Melanie (3 May 2019). "Strutting with La Sape: Tariq Zaidi captures the extraordinary" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/strutting-with-la-sape-tariq-zaidi-captures-the-extraordinary-20190429-p51i7g.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 24 November 2019 . ^ a b c Lyons, Juliette (12 May 2014). "La Sape : an elegance that brought peace in the midst of Congolese chaos" (https://www.lejournalinternational.fr/La-Sape-an-elegance-that-brought-peace-in-the-midst-of-Congolese-chaos_a1871.html) . Le Journal International . Retrieved 24 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-tst_4-0) Huismann, Biéne (2012-09-02). "Colour Me Excited" (http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/2012/09/02/colour-me-excited) . The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(South_Africa)) . Retrieved 2012-10-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hosking, Taylor (1 March 2018). "How a 'Black Panther' Music Video Taps Into an Old Trend" (https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/03/all-the-stars-kendrick-lamar-sza-video-afrocentrism-afrofuturism/554306/) . The Atlantic . Retrieved 24 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lockett, Dee (6 February 2018). "Kendrick Lamar and SZA Serve Wakandan Royal Opulence in 'All the Stars' Video" (https://www.vulture.com/2018/02/watch-kendrick-lamar-and-szas-all-the-stars-video.html) . Vulture.com . Retrieved 24 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Kendrick Lamar's "All the Stars" video in appropriation scandal" (https://mg.co.za/article/2018-02-12-kendrick-lamars-new-video-all-the-stars-video-in-appropriation-scandal/) . Mg.co.za . 12 February 2018 . Retrieved 24 November 2021 . Further reading [ edit ] Gondola, Ch. Didier (1999). "Dream and Drama: The Search for Elegance among Congolese Youth". African Studies Review . 42 (1): 23–48. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/525527 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F525527) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 525527 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/525527) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 145371289 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145371289) . Gondola, Didier (2019), “Le moi, le moine et le moineau : Métamorphoses de l’imaginaire de la sape à Kinshasa” [“Ego, Identity, Illusion. Metamorphoses of a Fantasy : La Sape in Kinshasa”] BILINGUAL EDITION, pp. 186-207, in Dominique Malaquais, editor, Kinshasa Chroniques/Kinshasa Chronicles, Montreuil (France): Les Éditions de l’œil. Friedman, Jonathan (1990), “The Political Economy of Elegance. An African Cult of Beauty,” Culture and History VII: pp. 101-125. Gandoulou, Justin-Daniel (1984), Entre Bacongo et Paris. Paris: centre Georges Pompidou. Gandoulou, Justin-Daniel (1989), Dandies à Bacongo. Le culte de l’élégance dans la société congolaise contemporaine. Paris: L’Harmattan. Thomas, Dominic (2003), "Fashion Matters: 'La Sape' and Vestimentary Codes in Transnational Contexts and Urban Diasporas," MLN , Sep., 2003, Vol. 118, No. 4, French Issue (Sep.), pp. 947-973. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Société des ambianceurs et des personnes élégantes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_ambianceurs_et_des_personnes_%C3%A9l%C3%A9gantes) . Dimanche à Brazzaville ( (https://web.archive.org/web/20120207205039/http://www.dimancheabrazzaville.com/index.html) Sunday in Brazzaville ) (https://web.archive.org/web/20120207205039/http://www.dimancheabrazzaville.com/index.html) documentary website Dimanche à Brazzaville on Vimeo (/wiki/Vimeo) The Sapeurs of Kinshasa (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3csNylfszvJ0NyRgzdtqZ4K/the-sapeurs-of-kinshasa) on BBC World Service (/wiki/BBC_World_Service) The Congolese Sape (http://zonezero.com/exposiciones/fotografos/mediavilla/index.html) photo essay by Héctor Mediavilla Congo's dandies give new meaning to fashion victim (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3espFlGeLQ) from Agence France-Presse (/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) Congolese dandies: Meet the stylish men and women of Brazzaville – in pictures (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2020/aug/27/congolese-dandies-meet-the-stylish-men-and-women-of-brazzaville-in-pictures) – The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170399937) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170399937) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1051297788) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/19280779X) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐bbqmt Cached time: 20240720174438 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.407 seconds Real time usage: 0.740 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 797/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31835/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1462/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 37056/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.284/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5634993/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 682.221 1 -total 28.30% 193.069 1 Template:Commons_category 27.82% 189.817 1 Template:Sister_project 27.55% 187.971 1 Template:Side_box 22.25% 151.782 1 Template:Short_description 20.72% 141.334 1 Template:Reflist 16.25% 110.847 5 Template:Cite_web 15.25% 104.024 1 Template:Authority_control 12.23% 83.451 3 Template:Main_other 11.81% 80.554 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39352523-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720174438 and revision id 1225196477. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Sape&oldid=1225196477 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Sape&oldid=1225196477) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) 2010s fashion (/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) Culture in Brazzaville (/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Brazzaville) Culture of the Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo) Subcultures (/wiki/Category:Subcultures) Fashion aesthetics (/wiki/Category:Fashion_aesthetics) Culture of Kinshasa (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Kinshasa) African fashion (/wiki/Category:African_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from December 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2017) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers)
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Hairstyling technique Basketball player Dwyane Wade (/wiki/Dwyane_Wade) with an edge-up hairstyle. A shape-up , also called a line-up or an edge-up , is a hairstyle that involves cutting along the natural hairline to straighten it. Edge-ups are typically found among men and short-haired women. The haircut grew in popularity during the 1980s, typically among those who have Afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) , and became the precursor to other stylish haircuts, such as the high-top fade, low fade, and designs such as crescent moon parts, side parts, and waves in hair. The shape-up is influenced by hip-hop (/wiki/Hip-hop) and pop culture (/wiki/Pop_culture) and is common among entertainers and basketball players. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] A man with a freshly cut shape-up and waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Matt Dumba (/wiki/Matt_Dumba) with a buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) and line up During the 1970s and the era of disco, most African-Americans sported an afro (/wiki/Afro) to reflect their cultural identity and their pride in their hair. In the 1980s, feeling that the afro looked dated, people began to cut their afros off in search of something new to go along with the new sounds of the decade. The shape-up was first introduced in the mid- or late 1980s. Influential hip-hop artists such as Eric B (/wiki/Eric_B.) , Rakim (/wiki/Rakim) , and Big Daddy Kane (/wiki/Big_Daddy_Kane) popularized the high-top fade with the shape-up. [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gabbara, Princess (2016-12-27). "The History of the Fade" (https://www.ebony.com/style/history-fade-haircut/) . EBONY . Retrieved 2019-12-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Horne, Madison (February 2019). "A Visual History of Iconic Black Hairstyles" (https://www.history.com/news/black-hairstyles-visual-history-in-photos) . HISTORY . Retrieved 2019-12-07 . External links [ edit ] The dictionary definition of shape-up at Wiktionary v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist 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(Redirected from MIGI Clothing (/w/index.php?title=MIGI_Clothing&redirect=no) ) British rapper and singer (born 1987) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dappy) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Dappy) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . 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( July 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Dappy Dappy and Tulisa Contostavlos, 2012 Background information Birth name Costadinos Contostavlos Born ( 1987-06-11 ) 11 June 1987 (age 37) London (/wiki/London) , England Genres British hip hop (/wiki/British_hip_hop) grime (/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)) R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) Occupation(s) Rapper singer songwriter record producer actor Years active 2000–present Labels Polydor (/wiki/Polydor_Records) (2007–2008) AATW (/wiki/All_Around_the_World_(record_label)) (2008–2015) Island (/wiki/Island_Records) (2009–2012) Takeover Ent (/wiki/Takeover_Entertainment) (2012–2015) EMI (/wiki/EMI) (2023–present) Website thedappy (http://thedappy.com) .com (http://thedappy.com) Musical artist Costadinos Contostavlos [1] (#cite_note-Costadinos_Contostavlos-1) ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Κωνσταντίνος Κοντόσταυλος; born 11 June 1987), better known by his stage name Dappy , is an English rapper, singer, songwriter and actor. He is the lead singer of the Camden (/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden) -based hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) and grime (/wiki/Grime_music) trio N-Dubz (/wiki/N-Dubz) , with his cousin Tulisa (/wiki/Tulisa_Contostavlos) and Fazer (/wiki/Fazer_(rapper)) . He was known for his lack of dress sense and his love for what he describes as "eye-catching headwear". His trademark was wearing a selection of woolly chullos (/wiki/Chullo) (sometimes referred to as "Dappy hats"), turning up one or both of the ear-flaps of the hat. Career 2000–2011: N-Dubz era Main article: N-Dubz (/wiki/N-Dubz) Dappy appeared on the television show Never Mind the Buzzcocks (/wiki/Never_Mind_the_Buzzcocks) on 29 November 2007, on Phill Jupitus (/wiki/Phill_Jupitus) ' team, and wore a trademark "Dappy hat", also giving one to Simon Amstell (/wiki/Simon_Amstell) to wear as part of the gag. Despite vowing he would not return to the show he appeared for a second time on the guest team on 4 December 2008 and for a third time, on Phill's team, which was broadcast on 18 November 2009. He is known to be a good friend of Chris Moyles (/wiki/Chris_Moyles) and also gets on well with Tinchy Stryder (/wiki/Kwasi_Danquah_III) after releasing a single together, called " Number 1 (/wiki/Number_1_(Tinchy_Stryder_song)) ". Dappy has made cameo appearances on K.I.G's "Head, Shoulders, Kneez and Toez" music video, Gracious K's "Migraine Skank" music video, and Chipmunk (/wiki/Chipmunk_(rapper)) 's " Chip Diddy Chip (/wiki/Chip_Diddy_Chip) " music video, as one of Chipmunk's school friends. 2011–2014: Solo projects and Bad Intentions It was announced on 17 June 2011 that N-Dubz had left their American record deal, amid rumours that the band had split. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) These rumours began circulating again in August 2011; however, Dappy insisted the band had not split, but were simply taking a break. [5] (#cite_note-5) As such, during the band's hiatus period, all three members decided to embark upon solo careers. Before the band's split, Dappy signed a contract with Takeover Entertainment (/wiki/Takeover_Entertainment) Ltd that confirmed that if the band ever split or went on hiatus, he would continue as a solo artist. His first taste of solo stardom came as a guest artist on label-mate Tinchy Stryder (/wiki/Kwasi_Danquah_III) 's single "Spaceship", which was released in June 2011. While deciding upon his debut solo single, Dappy was contacted by Def Jam, asking him what he would like done with the demos of a track N-Dubz had recorded whilst under the label, which remained unreleased. Dappy decided to re-record the track, " No Regrets (/wiki/No_Regrets_(Dappy_song)) ", and release it as his debut solo effort. Featuring a cameo appearance from band-mate Fazer, "No Regrets" took the charts by storm, peaking at #1 in the UK and Scotland, and at #8 in Ireland. Following the success of "No Regrets", Dappy claimed during an interview that: "With my solo stuff, I really want to earn the respect of an older audience. I don't think there's any shame in trying to write music that will be recognised by people I admire. Bono. I have big goals. I want to have two #1 singles back-to-back as a solo artist." [6] (#cite_note-6) Dappy soon succeeded, gaining praise from Queen guitarist Brian May (/wiki/Brian_May) , who was "impressed" with "No Regrets". As a result, Dappy invited May for a guest stint on his second single, which coincidentally was titled " Rockstar (/wiki/Rockstar_(Dappy_song)) ". "Rockstar" was released on 26 February 2012. On 29 February, Dappy revealed that the title of his album would be Bad Intentions (/wiki/Bad_Intentions_(album)) , claiming that the album "is motivational music for people who believe they can't do nothing, a battle we have with our own mind." [7] (#cite_note-digitalspy.co.uk-7) The album's third single was " Come with Me (/wiki/Come_with_Me_(Dappy_song)) ". Subsequently, he revealed that the fourth single will be " Good Intentions (/wiki/Good_Intentions_(Dappy_song)) ", and if "Rockstar" peaks at #1 on the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) , he will enlist Barbadian singer Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and British superstar Adele (/wiki/Adele) , who will both have vocal sections on the single. He claimed that Rihanna contacted him after she was impressed with a demo tape she had heard of his music. [7] (#cite_note-digitalspy.co.uk-7) Dappy confirmed in September 2011, before the release of "Rockstar" and " Bad Intentions (/wiki/Bad_Intentions_(album)) ", that the album's final single will be a collaboration with The Wanted (/wiki/The_Wanted) , which will be released towards the end of 2012. [8] (#cite_note-8) [ needs update ] 2015–present: Eros Apollo and singles Dappy's single "Beautiful Me" was released on 29 March 2015 and reached number 19 in the UK. He followed this up with the promotional release "100 (Built for This)" in July, and the full single "Money Can't Buy" in September 2015. All three songs were set to be included on his second All Around the World (/wiki/All_Around_the_World_Productions) album Miracles in November 2015, but the album did not eventuate and Dappy has since left All Around the World and released his first independent EP, Eros Apollo , on Christmas Day 2015. In 2016, Dappy released the singles "Hip Hip Hooray" and "Kiss" and a Freestyle called "Messi" these songs again were released via an independent label/management partnership called LEX Music Corp On 31 July 2017, Dappy released the single "Straight Facts". Again this was part of a new management deal with PlayDirty manager Vash who currently manages Krept and Konan (/wiki/Krept_and_Konan) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The music video was released the same day. [10] (#cite_note-10) On 12 October 2017, Dappy released his second single under the PlayDirty management called "Spotlight"; this song charted at 56 in the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) . In 2018, he released his single " Oh My (/wiki/Oh_My_(Dappy_song)) " featuring fellow British rapper Ay Em. It peaked at 23 in the charts. He followed this up with the song "All We Know" which peaked at 64 and released an acoustic onto YouTube called "Count on Me". In 2019, Dappy collaborated with Tory Lanez (/wiki/Tory_Lanez) releasing 'Not Today [11] (#cite_note-11) '. Reception In mid 2007, Dappy released "Love for My Slum" with fellow UK rap artist Baker Trouble, which was number one on Channel U (then Channel AKA, now Now 70s (/wiki/Now_70s) ) for several weeks and was a big hit in the underground urban scene. However, it didn't do as well with the media and was heavily criticised for a scene in which Dappy is standing outside a block of expensive luxury flats with a "rich kid" who is trying to look like a gangster. The Independent wrote, "His lyrics combine jealousy with anger: 'You got too much to lose / You're in a great position... You wouldn't last a minute where I'm from / You'd go missing / So appreciate what you got / 'cos I'm still wishing.' And then he grabs the rich kid by his coat, pulls him toward him, and punches him in the face. The silent boy falls instantly to the pavement ... Do scenes like these suggest that music videos are encouraging their viewers to indulge in criminality?". [12] (#cite_note-12) Other papers put that he was "idolising thuggery". When asked in interviews about the single, following these comments he said "these people need to listen to the lyrics, they are about showing appreciation to what you've got". [13] (#cite_note-13) The Chris Moyles Show incident On 12 January 2010, Contostavlos appeared on The Chris Moyles Show (/wiki/The_Chris_Moyles_Show) on BBC Radio 1 (/wiki/BBC_Radio_1) with Fazer and Tulisa. The show received a text message from a woman in Boston, Lincolnshire, complaining that Dappy was "vile" and "a little boy with a silly hat" and that N-Dubz were "losers". Dappy secretly copied her phone number from the studio console and, the following day, tried calling her and sent threatening messages including: "Your [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] gonna die. U sent a very bad msg towards Ndubz on The Chris Moyels [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] show yesterday Morning and for that reason u will never be left alone!!! u say sorry I will leave u alone u ****." The woman claimed that she continued to receive messages after declining to apologise, one of which said: "u dum f*********head u can call me names over the radio but when I call u direct u chicken out u punk!nana f******niii, Dappy". [14] (#cite_note-2010_Guardian-14) [nb 1] (#cite_note-15) Dappy's management later apologised on his behalf and offered free tickets to one of his concerts, but he has not apologised to the woman personally. [15] (#cite_note-16) N-Dubz were subsequently dropped from the Government's anti-bullying "R U Cyber Safe?" campaign. [16] (#cite_note-17) Personal life Dappy is cousin to fellow band member Tulisa. He lives in St Albans (/wiki/St_Albans) . [17] (#cite_note-fined-18) He has two sons, Gino and Milo. [18] (#cite_note-19) Born and raised in Camden Town (/wiki/Camden_Town) , North London, Contostavlos grew up with his Greek-speaking parents, Byron Contostavlos and Zoi Agorou and older brother Spiros. Byron died on 12 April 2007. His father was from Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) , and his mother is from Sparta (/wiki/Sparta,_Laconia) . [19] (#cite_note-20) He revealed that he is a "massive" Arsenal (/wiki/Arsenal_F.C.) fan when N-Dubz appeared on Live from Studio Five (/wiki/Live_from_Studio_Five) , gushing "it is an honour to sit next to you" to former Arsenal striker Ian Wright (/wiki/Ian_Wright) who was one of three hosts on the show. [20] (#cite_note-21) In May 2015, Dappy endorsed his manager Archie Lamb's father, Norman (/wiki/Norman_Lamb) , in the Liberal Democrats (/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)) leadership election (/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election) . [21] (#cite_note-22) Criminal convictions Dappy was convicted of battery in 2007. In December 2008, Dappy pleaded guilty to two accounts of assault at Chelmsford Magistrates Court, Essex (/wiki/Essex) after reportedly spitting in a woman's face while drunk on a night out. Dappy pleaded guilty to the offences and for each count received four weeks' imprisonment, suspended for 12 months, to run concurrently and 100 hours community service. He was also ordered to pay £50 compensation to the woman and her friend and £300 costs. [22] (#cite_note-23) In January 2013, he was found guilty by a jury at Guildford Crown Court (/wiki/Guildford_Crown_Court) of assault and affray and given a suspended sentence of six months imprisonment. [23] (#cite_note-24) In February 2014, Dappy hit a man in Chelmsford (/wiki/Chelmsford) for which, on 19 June 2014, he was convicted of common assault (/wiki/Common_assault) and fined. [17] (#cite_note-fined-18) In September of the same year, he was convicted of an assault in Reading (/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire) and given a two-month suspended prison sentence. [24] (#cite_note-25) In 2017, Dappy was convicted of possession of a bladed article in a public place following an altercation with his partner and given a suspended prison sentence. [25] (#cite_note-26) Discography Main article: Dappy discography (/wiki/Dappy_discography) See also: N-Dubz discography (/wiki/N-Dubz_discography) Bad Intentions (/wiki/Bad_Intentions_(album)) (2012) Fortune (2021) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-15) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) wrote that asterisks were presumably added by The Sun (/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) , who originally reported the story. References ^ (#cite_ref-Costadinos_Contostavlos_1-0) "Costadinos Contostavlos" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120623220607/http://www.artistdirect.com/artist/costadinos-contostavlos/6461349) . Artistdirect. Archived from the original (http://www.artistdirect.com/artist/costadinos-contostavlos/6461349) on 23 June 2012 . Retrieved 29 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Darvill, Josh (Friday, 17 June 2011). N-Dubz to split up following Tulisa Contstavlos new X Factor role (http://xfactor.tellymix.co.uk/judges/35418-n-dubz-to-split-up-following-tulisa-contstavlos-new-x-factor-role.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110821115436/http://xfactor.tellymix.co.uk/judges/35418-n-dubz-to-split-up-following-tulisa-contstavlos-new-x-factor-role.html) 21 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . xfactor.tellymix.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-3) N-Dubz set to split up (http://sbtv.co.uk/2011/06/n-dubz-set-to-split-up/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111019053555/http://sbtv.co.uk/2011/06/n-dubz-set-to-split-up/) 19 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . SB.TV (/wiki/SB.TV) . Saturday, 18 June 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Daniels, Colin (Saturday, 13 August 2011). N-Dubz dropped by US record label Def Jam (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a334894/n-dubz-dropped-by-us-record-label-def-jam.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110921110809/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a334894/n-dubz-dropped-by-us-record-label-def-jam.html) 21 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gritt, Emma (Tuesday, 13 September 2011). Dappy forced to retract claims N-Dubz will split within two years (http://www.metro.co.uk/music/875305-dappy-forced-to-retract-claims-n-dubz-will-split-within-two-years) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) N-Dubz star Dappy has 'big goals' for his solo career (http://www.pressparty.com/pg/newsdesk/dappy/view/29120/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120322184412/http://www.pressparty.com/pg/newsdesk/dappy/view/29120/) 22 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . pressparty.com. Thursday, 21 July 2011. ^ a b "Dappy wants Rihanna, Adele for next single 'Dare To Dream' – Music News" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a368456/dappy-wants-rihanna-adele-for-next-single-dare-to-dream.html) . Digital Spy. 29 February 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120303143451/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a368456/dappy-wants-rihanna-adele-for-next-single-dare-to-dream.html) from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 1 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) N-Dubz to split and Dappy to work with Rihanna (https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/09/12/n-dubz-to-split-and-dappy-to-work-with-rihanna-115875-23414098/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110918092729/http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/09/12/n-dubz-to-split-and-dappy-to-work-with-rihanna-115875-23414098/) 18 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . 12 September 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Straight Facts – Single by Dappy on Apple Music" (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/straight-facts-single/id1265134614) . iTunes . 31 July 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190127094148/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/straight-facts-single/id1265134614) from the original on 27 January 2019 . Retrieved 31 July 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) TheDappyVEVO (30 July 2017). "Dappy – Straight Facts (Official Video)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM5qY9l5ixM) . YouTube. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170809040332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM5qY9l5ixM) from the original on 9 August 2017 . Retrieved 31 July 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Dappy and Tory Lanez Pace Around in The Plug Records' "Not Today" Video" (https://hypebeast.com/2019/6/dappy-and-tory-lanez-pace-around-in-the-plug-records-not-today-vido) . HYPEBEAST . 28 June 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190628173834/https://hypebeast.com/2019/6/dappy-and-tory-lanez-pace-around-in-the-plug-records-not-today-vido) from the original on 28 June 2019 . Retrieved 5 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Music video violence: Should grime clean up its act? - Media, News" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120202023845/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/music-video-violence-should-grime-clean-up-its-act-403286.html) . The Independent . 24 September 2007. Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/music-video-violence-should-grime-clean-up-its-act-403286.html) on 2 February 2012 . Retrieved 4 December 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "N-Dubz: Interview – Time Out London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091214111005/http://www.timeout.com/london/music/features/3668/2.html) . Timeout.com. Archived from the original (http://www.timeout.com/london/music/features/3668/2.html) on 14 December 2009 . Retrieved 4 December 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-2010_Guardian_14-0) Swash, Rosie (15 January 2010). "N-Dubz's Dappy sent death threats to BBC Radio 1 listener" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/jan/15/ndubz-dappy-death-threats) . The Guardian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100118104716/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/jan/15/ndubz-dappy-death-threats) from the original on 18 January 2010 . Retrieved 1 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "BBC News – N-Dubz star Dappy 'sorry' over text message threats" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8461267.stm) . BBC. 15 January 2010 . Retrieved 15 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "BBC News – N-Dubz star Dappy 'sorry' over text message threats" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8461267.stm) . news.bbc.co.uk . 15 January 2010. ^ a b "Guilty verdict in former N-Dubz singer Dappy slap case" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27924582) . BBC News . 19 June 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171229210212/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27924582) from the original on 29 December 2017 . Retrieved 21 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Second baby on the way for N-Dubz Dappy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100522082936/http://itn.co.uk/e6e29e4c7dc5319f35e6ef132270e05b.html) . ITN (/wiki/ITN) . 13 April 2010. Archived from the original (http://itn.co.uk/e6e29e4c7dc5319f35e6ef132270e05b.html) on 22 May 2010 . Retrieved 12 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Dappy receives huge backlash after trying to defend use of the N-word" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/dappy-from-n-dubz-faces-backlash-after-defending-use-of-n-word-a6789441.html) . The Independent . 29 December 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180412012718/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/dappy-from-n-dubz-faces-backlash-after-defending-use-of-n-word-a6789441.html) from the original on 12 April 2018 . Retrieved 11 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Live From Studio Five" (http://www.five.tv/programmes/daytime/live-from-studio-five?filter=Clips&page=5) . Five.tv . Retrieved 11 June 2010 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-22) Perraudin, Frances (14 May 2015). "Rapper Dappy backs Norman Lamb's bid for leadership of Lib Dems" (https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/14/rapper-dappy-backs-norman-lambs-bid-for-leadership-of-lib-dems) . The Guardian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150524194327/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/14/rapper-dappy-backs-norman-lambs-bid-for-leadership-of-lib-dems) from the original on 24 May 2015 . Retrieved 18 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Dappy avoids jail over petrol station brawl" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/feb/15/dappy-avoids-jail-over-brawl) . The Guardian . Press Association. 15 February 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170820074855/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/feb/15/dappy-avoids-jail-over-brawl) from the original on 20 August 2017 . Retrieved 20 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "N-Dubz Dappy Sentenced to Six Months in Jail" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/ndubz-dappy-arrested-following-brawl-petrol-station) . Glamour. 5 December 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170629185820/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/ndubz-dappy-arrested-following-brawl-petrol-station) from the original on 29 June 2017 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Dappy avoids jail for nightclub attack" (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/dappy-avoids-jail-for-nightclub-attack-9845699.html) . The Independent . 7 November 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200103145659/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/dappy-avoids-jail-for-nightclub-attack-9845699.html) from the original on 3 January 2020 . Retrieved 3 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Former N-Dubz star Dappy given suspended jail sentence following row with partner" (http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2017-06-26/former-n-dubz-rapper-dappy-given-suspended-jail-sentence-following-row-with-partner/) . BBC News . 12 May 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170626224952/http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2017-06-26/former-n-dubz-rapper-dappy-given-suspended-jail-sentence-following-row-with-partner/) from the original on 26 June 2017 . Retrieved 26 June 2017 . v t e Dappy Discography (/wiki/Dappy_discography) Studio albums Bad Intentions (/wiki/Bad_Intentions_(album)) (2012) Singles " No Regrets (/wiki/No_Regrets_(Dappy_song)) " " Rockstar (/wiki/Rockstar_(Dappy_song)) " " Come with Me (/wiki/Come_with_Me_(Dappy_song)) " " Good Intentions (/wiki/Good_Intentions_(Dappy_song)) " Promotional singles " I'm Coming (Tarzan Part 2) (/wiki/I%27m_Coming_(Tarzan_Part_2)) " Featured singles " Number 1 (/wiki/Number_1_(Tinchy_Stryder_song)) " " Spaceship (/wiki/Spaceship_(Tinchy_Stryder_and_Dappy_song)) " " Explode (/wiki/Explode_(Cover_Drive_song)) " Related articles Takeover Entertainment (/wiki/Takeover_Entertainment) Tinchy Stryder (/wiki/Tinchy_Stryder) N-Dubz (/wiki/N-Dubz) v t e N-Dubz (/wiki/N-Dubz) Dappy Tulisa (/wiki/Tulisa) Fazer (/wiki/Fazer_(rapper)) Studio albums Uncle B (/wiki/Uncle_B) Against All Odds (/wiki/Against_All_Odds_(N-Dubz_album)) Love.Live.Life (/wiki/Love.Live.Life) Timeless (/wiki/Timeless_(N-Dubz_album)) Compilation albums Greatest Hits (/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(N-Dubz_album)) Singles " You Better Not Waste My Time (/wiki/You_Better_Not_Waste_My_Time) " " I Swear (/wiki/I_Swear_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Feva Las Vegas (/wiki/Feva_Las_Vegas) " " Ouch (/wiki/Ouch_(song)) " " Papa Can You Hear Me? (/wiki/Papa_Can_You_Hear_Me%3F) " " Strong Again (/wiki/Strong_Again) " " Wouldn't You (/wiki/Wouldn%27t_You) " " I Need You (/wiki/I_Need_You_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Playing with Fire (/wiki/Playing_with_Fire_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Say It's Over (/wiki/Say_It%27s_Over) " " We Dance On (/wiki/We_Dance_On) " " Best Behaviour (/wiki/Best_Behaviour_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Girls (/wiki/Girls_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Morning Star (/wiki/Morning_Star_(N-Dubz_song)) " " Charmer (/wiki/Charmer_(N-Dubz_song)) " Featured singles (/wiki/N-Dubz_discography#As_featured_artist) " Number 1 (/wiki/Number_1_(Tinchy_Stryder_song)) " " So Alive (/wiki/So_Alive_(Skepta_and_N-Dubz_song)) " " Stuttering (/wiki/Stuttering_(Loick_Essien_song)) " Tours N-Dubz Christmas Party (/wiki/N-Dubz_Christmas_Party) Related articles Discography (/wiki/N-Dubz_discography) Before They Were Dubz (/wiki/Before_They_Were_Dubz) Being... N-Dubz (/wiki/Being..._N-Dubz) Dubplate Drama (/wiki/Dubplate_Drama) v t e Takeover Entertainment Ltd. (/wiki/Takeover_Entertainment) Discography (/wiki/Takeover_Entertainment_discography) Directors Kwasi Danquah III (/wiki/Tinchy_Stryder) Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Takeover Roc Nation (/wiki/Takeover_Roc_Nation) Takeover/Cloud 9 (/wiki/Takeover/Cloud_9) Partners (/wiki/Business_partner) Live Nation (/wiki/Live_Nation) Roc Nation (/wiki/Roc_Nation) StarRoc (/wiki/StarRoc) Stargate (/wiki/Stargate_(production_team)) TMS (/wiki/TMS_(production_team)) Universal Island Records (/wiki/Island_Records) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9eae7149-852d-49e9-8c44-e5469fed242b) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6f788b66cb‐bhtbv Cached time: 20240722165546 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.672 seconds Real time usage: 0.858 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3619/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 116855/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14881/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 122668/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.408/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8531588/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 779.015 1 -total 26.72% 208.140 2 Template:Reflist 21.72% 169.199 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 19.33% 150.561 1 Template:Infobox 18.34% 142.893 3 Template:Ambox 15.80% 123.114 11 Template:Cite_web 13.60% 105.924 2 Template:Short_description 12.33% 96.052 1 Template:Multiple_issues 9.21% 71.780 2 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 8.78% 68.402 1 Template:Dappy Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:20938376-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165546 and revision id 1233029561. 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British luxury shoe and accessories brand This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Olympia&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains wording that promotes (/wiki/MOS:PUFFERY) the subject through exaggeration (/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipuffery) of unnoteworthy facts (/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Olympia&action=edit) by removing or replacing such wording. ( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Charlotte Olympia Dellal in 2015 Industry Shoes and accessories Founded 2008 ; 16 years ago ( 2008 ) in London, England Founder Charlotte Olympia Dellal Area served Global Charlotte Olympia is a British luxury shoe (/wiki/Luxury_goods) and accessories brand founded by Charlotte Olympia Dellal in 2008. [1] (#cite_note-Wall_St._Journal-1) History [ edit ] Dellal launched her label right after graduating from London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) , where she studied product development and footwear. [1] (#cite_note-Wall_St._Journal-1) [2] (#cite_note-Vogue_Recipe-2) Her first footwear collection was presented during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in February 2008. [3] (#cite_note-BusinessofFashion-3) In 2010, Charlotte Olympia opened its first store on Maddox Street (/wiki/Maddox_Street) in London, [1] (#cite_note-Wall_St._Journal-1) followed by two stores in New York [4] (#cite_note-NY_Mag-4) and Los Angeles. [5] (#cite_note-LA_Times-5) Starting in 2014, the brand opened many more stores worldwide, including in Miami, [6] (#cite_note-6) Hong Kong, [7] (#cite_note-7) and Dubai. [8] (#cite_note-8) Brand [ edit ] Charlotte Olympia's designs are influenced by classical Hollywood cinema (/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema) glamour, pin-ups (/wiki/Pin-ups) and movie stars from the 1940s and 50s. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue_Recipe-2) The brand has become known for the "island" platform Dolly pump, the Kitty flat and Perspex Pandora clutch box. [9] (#cite_note-Telegraph-9) Although primarily focused on footwear and accessories for women, the label also produces a collection for little girls called 'Incy' [10] (#cite_note-baby_steps-10) and the Tom Cat smoking slipper for men. Her logo is a spider web design placed under the shoe sole. [11] (#cite_note-11) Awards [ edit ] 2008 [ edit ] NewGen sponsorship by the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . 2010 [ edit ] Footwear News Achievement Awards, Emerging Designer of the Year. 2011 [ edit ] British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) , Accessory Designer of the Year. 2012 [ edit ] Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Women of the Year, Accessory Designer of the Year. Footwear News Achievement Awards, Designer of the Year. WGSN Global Fashion Awards, Footwear and Accessories Designer Award. 2014 [ edit ] Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) Spain Prix de la Moda Awards, Accessory Designer of the Year. 2015 [ edit ] Walpole Awards, British Brand Ambassador. British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) , Accessory Designer of the Year. Designer biography [ edit ] Charlotte Olympia Della was born on June 5 in 1981 [12] (#cite_note-12) in Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) , South Africa, [13] (#cite_note-bof-13) to a Brazilian model Andréa de Magalhães Vieira and a British property developer Guy Della, [14] (#cite_note-hbazaar-14) son of the property tycoon Jack Dellal (/wiki/Jack_Dellal) . Her sister is the model Alice Dellal (/wiki/Alice_Dellal) . [15] (#cite_note-fisher-15) She lives in North Kensington, London with her husband, Maxim Crewe (m.2010) and has three sons. [14] (#cite_note-hbazaar-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Mistry, Meenal (23 March 2012). "Charlotte Olympia Dellal, Shoe Queen" (https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304636404577295493495528610) . Wall Street Journal . Wall Street Journal Online . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Alexander, Ella (29 November 2013). "Charlotte Olympia's Recipe For Success" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/29/charlotte-olympia-interview---british-fashion-awards-2013-nominee) . Vogue News . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-BusinessofFashion_3-0) "Charlotte Olympia Dellal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318113033/http://www.businessoffashion.com/charlotte-dellal) . Business of Fashion. Archived from the original (http://www.businessoffashion.com/charlotte-dellal) on 18 March 2015 . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-NY_Mag_4-0) Murrow, Lauren (5 April 2012). "The New Step Class" (http://nymag.com/shopping/openings/nicholas-kirkwood-charlotte-olympia-2012-4/) . New York Magazine . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-LA_Times_5-0) Moore, Booth (19 June 2013). "Charlotte Olympia Boutique Opens Today in Beverly Hills" (http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/19/news/la-charlotte-olympia-beverly-hills-20130619) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cordle, Ina Paiva. " Charlotte Olympia opens store at Bal Harbour shops (http://Charlotte%20Olympia%20http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/04/16/4063614/charlotte-olympia-opens-store.html%20store%20at%20Bal%20Harbour%20shops) [ permanent dead link ] ". Miami Herald. 3 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Harilela, Divia. "Charlotte Olympia Boutique brings stylish new shoes to Hong Kong" (http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-watches/article/1496836/charlotte-olympia-boutique-brings-stylish-shoes-hong-kong) . South China Morning Post. 3 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Khouy, Stephanie. "Charlotte Olympia Boutique Opens in the Middle East" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141002130333/http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/charlotte-olympia-opens-first-flagship-store-in-the-middle-east-in-dubai-mall-of-the-emirates/) . style.com/arabia . Archived from the original (http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/charlotte-olympia-opens-first-flagship-store-in-the-middle-east-in-dubai-mall-of-the-emirates/) on 2 October 2014 . Retrieved 22 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_9-0) De Rosée, Sophie. "The Perfect: Charlotte Olympia Tailor Made Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131219154510/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/19291/the-perfect-charlotte-olympia-tailor-made-shoes.html) . The Telegraph. Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/19291/the-perfect-charlotte-olympia-tailor-made-shoes.html) on 19 December 2013 . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-baby_steps_10-0) Karmali, Sarah (12 August 2013). "Charlotte Olympia Takes Baby Steps" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/accessories/news/2013/08/12/charlotte-olympia-childrens-shoes---incy-collection-kids-footwear) . Vogue . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Munyal, Panna (5 July 2017). "Charlotte Olympia's new collection channels Spider-man" (https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/charlotte-olympia-s-new-collection-channels-spider-man-1.91988) . The National . Retrieved 2 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Henning, Kristen (5 June 2015). "Women who rock: Charlotte Olympia Dellal on what women want" (http://www.footwearnews.com/2015/fashion/power-players/women-who-rock-charlotte-olympia-dellal-what-women-want-34331) . Footwear News . Los Angeles . Retrieved 21 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-bof_13-0) "Charlotte Olympia Dellal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318113033/http://www.businessoffashion.com/charlotte-dellal) . The Business of Fashion . Archived from the original (http://www.businessoffashion.com/charlotte-dellal) on 18 March 2015 . Retrieved 8 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Blasberg, Derek (18 October 2010). "Personal Style: Charlotte Olympia Dellal" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-articles/charlotte-olympia-dellal-interview-1110) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-fisher_15-0) Fisher, Alice (9 November 2014). "Charlotte Dellal: 'I named my bag collection after men, as I'd rather have a man on my arm' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/nov/09/charlotte-olympia-fashion-designer-charlotte-dellal) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/nov/09/charlotte-olympia-fashion-designer-charlotte-dellal) . The Observer . Guardian News and Media Limited . Retrieved 20 August 2015 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.charlotteolympia.com/en/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/433903) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐hv9kh Cached time: 20240709031828 Cache expiry: 1975293 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.389 seconds Real time usage: 0.507 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2476/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44003/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2527/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60701/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.263/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7177530/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 474.507 1 -total 34.03% 161.471 1 Template:Reflist 19.47% 92.398 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.56% 83.345 1 Template:Infobox 16.56% 78.572 2 Template:Cite_news 16.09% 76.334 1 Template:Authority_control 12.92% 61.294 1 Template:Short_description 10.16% 48.218 1 Template:Advert 9.91% 47.039 10 Template:Cite_web 9.75% 46.284 2 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42216691-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709031828 and revision id 1220666202. 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A cover model is a male or female whose photograph appears on the front cover of a magazine (/wiki/Magazine) . The cover model is generally a fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) , celebrity (/wiki/Celebrity) , or contest winner. Generally, cover models are depicted solitarily; however, on occasion magazines will present a front cover with multiple cover models. [1] (#cite_note-1) Female cover models are often referred to as cover girls (/wiki/Cover_girl) . Cover models generally take part in a fashion or portrait photography photo shoot for the magazine. When a magazine depicts a candid or stock image (/wiki/Stock_photography) for the main cover image, the talent is referred to as the magazine "cover" rather than "cover model" or "cover girl". See also [ edit ] List of Allure cover models (/wiki/List_of_Allure_cover_models) List of Marie Claire cover models (/wiki/List_of_Marie_Claire_cover_models) List of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover models (/wiki/List_of_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue_cover_models) List of Vogue cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_cover_models) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kardashians-redbook-magazine-cover-family-issue-040111-1 « Kourtney Kardashian Official Website – photos, blog, news, videos" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111117080351/http://officialkourtneyk.celebuzz.com/2011/04/redbooks-first-family-cover-starring-us/kardashians-redbook-magazine-cover-family-issue-040111-1/) . Archived from the original (http://officialkourtneyk.celebuzz.com/2011/04/redbooks-first-family-cover-starring-us/kardashians-redbook-magazine-cover-family-issue-040111-1/) on 2011-11-17 . Retrieved 2012-03-27 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cbf896bd‐gsxd5 Cached time: 20240705153108 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.093 seconds Real time usage: 0.123 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 117/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2667/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 75/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4991/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.058/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2511623/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 106.687 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 106.687 1 -total 84.15% 89.773 1 Template:Cite_web 1.54% 1.648 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3284330-0!canonical and timestamp 20240705153108 and revision id 1123754782. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cover_model&oldid=1123754782 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cover_model&oldid=1123754782) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Modeling (profession) (/wiki/Category:Modeling_(profession))
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Croatian actress and fashion model This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Natalija_Ugrina&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Natalija+Ugrina&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Natalija+Ugrina) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Natalija_Ugrina) for suggestions. ( September 2019 ) Natalija Ugrina Born 1997 (age 26–27) Croatia Alma mater Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute (/wiki/Lee_Strasberg_Theatre_and_Film_Institute) Occupation(s) model, actress Natalija Ugrina is a Croatian-American actress, fashion model [1] (#cite_note-1) and influencer based in Los Angeles, California. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life and career [ edit ] Natalija Ugrina was born in Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) . Her mother, Ketrin Buljević, is a writer and poet, and her father Nenad Ugrina is a diplomat. She started her career at the age of 16 from Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) , an international modeling agency. [4] (#cite_note-4) She worked various fashion designers and walked Fashion show in different parts of the world. She also appeared in some notable publications such as Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Elle (magazine) (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . She moved to Los Angeles to study acting at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute (/wiki/Lee_Strasberg_Theatre_and_Film_Institute) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Ugrina is also active as an Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) and TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) influencer (/wiki/Influencer) , with a total of 1.5 million followers. [7] (#cite_note-7) Filmography [ edit ] Fight of Fury (2020), as Galina A Life Well Lived (2018), as Amela Krajicevic College Ball Movie (2018), as Megan Haley Caravaggio and My Mother the Pope (2018), as Babylon Princess / Caravaggio Madonna The Other (2017), as Milena Zen Expressionism #3 Projection (2016), as Barbara L'Antoinette (2015), as Irena Strangers (2015), as Adair's Companion Hollywood Adventures (/wiki/Hollywood_Adventures) (2015), as Hot model The Giant Deer (2014), as student Time Hunter (2014), as Zoe The Gambler (2014 film) (/wiki/The_Gambler_(2014_film)) , as Masseuse Pawn Sacrifice (/wiki/Pawn_Sacrifice) (2014), as Bikini model Starry Eyes (/wiki/Starry_Eyes) (2014), as Audition Girl She Looks So Perfect (/wiki/She_Looks_So_Perfect) (2014), as model TV Series [ edit ] Murder in the First (TV series) (/wiki/Murder_in_the_First_(TV_series)) (2014), as Brooke Award Shows [ edit ] Côte d'Azur WebFest Awards Show 1st Edition (2019) As producer [ edit ] A Life Well Lived (2018) Discography [ edit ] Baby Blue (/wiki/Baby_Blue_(Action_Bronson_song)) ' 2015 with Action Bronson (/wiki/Action_Bronson) feat Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) ' She Looks So Perfect (/wiki/She_Looks_So_Perfect) ' 2014 with 5 Seconds of Summer (/wiki/5_Seconds_of_Summer) 'Daddy Sh*t' with Knox References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Backstage Member Natalija Ugrina On Being a Fighter" (https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/backstage-member-natalija-ugrina-fighter-20482/) . backstage.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Natalija Ugrina novo je lice svjetske marke SAGII" (http://www.showbizzmagazin.com/natalija-ugrina-novo-je-lice-svjetske-marke-sagii/) . Show Bizz Magazin (in Croatian). 7 August 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Glumica Natalija Ugrina s adresom u Los Angelesu ovo ljeto odmara se na Braču" (https://story.hr/Video/a60027/Glumica-Natalija-Ugrina-s-adresom-u-Los-Angelesu-ovo-ljeto-odmara-se-na-Bracu.html) . STORYHR . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Management, Model. "Natalija Ugrina - a model from United States" (https://www.modelmanagement.com/model/natalija-ugrina/) . modelmanagement.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Magazine, Hollywood Stage. "Interview with talented actress Natalija Ugrina | Hollywood Stage Magazine" (http://hollywoodstagemagazine.com/2018/01/15/interview-with-talented-actress-natalija-ugrina/) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hrvatica u Hollywoodu: Pristižu filmske ponude za mladu Splićanku Nataliju Ugrinu" (https://www.index.hr/magazin/clanak/Hrvatica-u-Hollywoodu-Pristizu-filmske-ponude-za-mladu-Splicanku-Nataliju-Ugrinu/707184.aspx) . www.index.hr (in Croatian). ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.jutarnji.hr/scena/domace-zvijezde/restorani-placaju-da-im-dodemo-a-znate-li-sto-nas-prvo-pitaju-na-audiciji-za-filmove-15016882) 'Restorani plaćaju da im dođemo, a znate li što nas prvo pitaju na audiciji za filmove?' (https://www.jutarnji.hr/scena/domace-zvijezde/restorani-placaju-da-im-dodemo-a-znate-li-sto-nas-prvo-pitaju-na-audiciji-za-filmove-15016882) " (https://www.jutarnji.hr/scena/domace-zvijezde/restorani-placaju-da-im-dodemo-a-znate-li-sto-nas-prvo-pitaju-na-audiciji-za-filmove-15016882) (in Croatian). External links [ edit ] Natalija Ugrina (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4577803/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Natalija Ugrina (https://www.facebook.com/NatalijaaUgrina) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐nqmwt Cached time: 20240712143352 Cache expiry: 1675570 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.397 seconds Real time usage: 1.075 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2209/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22975/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2638/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28872/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.234/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6406679/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 720.623 1 -total 33.28% 239.799 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.69% 170.707 1 Template:Short_description 17.87% 128.777 1 Template:Reflist 17.70% 127.539 19 Template:Main_other 15.75% 113.534 7 Template:Cite_web 14.98% 107.929 1 Template:SDcat 13.92% 100.307 1 Template:Wikidata_image 10.41% 74.984 1 Template:IMDb_name 9.46% 68.170 1 Template:Orphan Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61869830-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712143352 and revision id 1179952094. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natalija_Ugrina&oldid=1179952094 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natalija_Ugrina&oldid=1179952094) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Croatian actresses (/wiki/Category:Croatian_actresses) Actors from Split, Croatia (/wiki/Category:Actors_from_Split,_Croatia) Models from Split, Croatia (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Split,_Croatia) 1997 births (/wiki/Category:1997_births) Hidden categories: CS1 Croatian-language sources (hr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Croatian-language_sources_(hr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from September 2019 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_September_2019) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) Date of birth not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Date_of_birth_not_in_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Facebook ID not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Facebook_ID_not_in_Wikidata)
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Swedish fashion model and businesswoman Sara Blomqvist Blomqvist walks for BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) in 2010 Born ( 1989-04-09 ) 9 April 1989 (age 35) [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Karlstad (/wiki/Karlstad) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) Nationality Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Occupation Model Years active 2007-present Spouse Jeremy Young ( m. 2014) Children 2 Modelling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair colour Brown Eye colour Brown Agency DNA Models (/w/index.php?title=DNA_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) (New York) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (Paris, London, Barcelona) Why Not Model Management (Milan) Scoop Models (Copenhagen) Priscilla's Model Management (Sydney) MIKAs (Stockholm) (mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-1) Sara Blomqvist Young is a Swedish fashion model and businesswoman. Early life [ edit ] She grew up in the remote countryside of Sweden, in an artists' compound, as the youngest of five children. Her parents were bohemian artists who were part of a Swedish "Green Wave," people who had left major cities for the country (/wiki/Rural_area) in the 1980's. As part of their bohemian attitudes, if they had a choice between buying a new television or backpacking through Asia, they would choose the latter. However, as a young person, Blomqvist herself had a drive to make a lot of money and thought she might become a surgeon or lawyer. [4] (#cite_note-handcrafted-4) Career [ edit ] Blomqvist was scouted by Stockholm agency MIKAs at age 13, and began modeling at 15. [5] (#cite_note-VogueUK-5) She debuted as a Prada exclusive, [a] (#cite_note-7) alongside models like Ali Stephens (/wiki/Ali_Stephens) , in 2007. Without doing New York Fashion Week, she went to London and Paris to model for Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) , and Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) . [7] (#cite_note-8) Blomqvist has appeared in advertisements for Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) , Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch) , Belstaff (/wiki/Belstaff) , Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) , Akris (/wiki/Akris) , Carven (/wiki/Carven) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , and Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) . Her appearances on magazine covers include Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) Sweden and Numéro (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) China, with editorials in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Polska (/wiki/Vogue_Polska) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire_(magazine)) , WSJ (/wiki/WSJ) , Vogue Deutschland (/w/index.php?title=Vogue_Deutschland&action=edit&redlink=1) , Vogue Russia (/w/index.php?title=Vogue_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1) , Vogue España (/wiki/Vogue_Espa%C3%B1a) , i-D (/wiki/I-D) , British Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Jalouse (/wiki/Jalouse) , and Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) among others. In 2020, for Vogue Italia' s September issue, she appeared on the 68th of 100 covers. [8] (#cite_note-9) In 2019, Blomqvist returned to Prada after a seven-year hiatus from the brand to close its spring 2020 fashion show and appears in the 2020 cruise campaign. [5] (#cite_note-VogueUK-5) At models.com's 2019 Model of the Year Awards, Blomqvist received the industry's vote for "Comeback of the Year". [9] (#cite_note-10) In 2022, she walked in Prada's F/W 2022 fashion show honoring many models they have used in the past two decades. [10] (#cite_note-11) They also describe her as an "Industry Icon". [11] (#cite_note-12) In acting, she appeared in the Swedish film Sommarstället : The Summer House . [12] (#cite_note-13) Personal life [ edit ] In 2014, Blomqvist married British model Jeremy Young, wearing Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , in Cold Spring, New York (/wiki/Cold_Spring,_New_York) . [13] (#cite_note-14) They have a son (b. 2016), and had previously lived in Portugal (/wiki/Portugal) and New York. [14] (#cite_note-15) She and her husband maintain part ownership in the restaurant Scarr's Pizza. [5] (#cite_note-VogueUK-5) She and her family now reside in London. In 2023 Blomqvist gave birth to their second child. She has been something of a crafter, creating handknit pieces and intentional children's clothing. She learned the skills of creating things herself from her parents (her father was a woodworker), and from growing up in a workshop. [4] (#cite_note-handcrafted-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sara Blomqvist - Model" (https://models.com/models/sara-blomqvist) . ^ (#cite_ref-FMD_2-0) "Sara Blomqvist" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/sara_blomqvist/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sara Blomqvist Model Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150107090737/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/sblomqvist/sarablomqvist/) . New York Magazine . 28 December 2019. Archived from the original (https://nymag.com/fashion/models/sblomqvist/sarablomqvist/) on 7 January 2015. ^ a b "HAND CRAFTED » Purpose and Perspective Magazine" (http://purposeandperspective.co/hand-crafted/) . Purpose and Perspective Magazine . 10 July 2020 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ a b c "Sara Blomqvist on the Nostalgic, Nerve-Wracking Experience of Walking For Prada 12 Years After Her Debut" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/sara-blomqvist-prada-return) . British Vogue . 19 September 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Casting Prada: Can Any House Really Compete?" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/casting-prada-can-any-house-really-compete/) . The Fashion Law . 22 October 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lim, James (22 August 2008). "Meet the New Girl: Sara Blomqvist" (https://www.thecut.com/2008/08/meet_the_new_girl_sara_blomqvi.html) . The Cut . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Le 100 copertine di Vogue Italia di settembre/3" (https://www.vogue.it/moda/gallery/100-copertine-vogue-italia-settembre-parte-terza) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). EDIZIONI CONDÉ NAST S.P.A. 28 August 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Model of the Year Awards 2019" (https://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2019/#comeback) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Okwodu, Janelle (24 February 2022). "Prada Pays Tribute to Modeling's History by Dipping Into Its Casting Archives" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/prada-fall-2022-models-return-to-runway) . Vogue . Condé Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Industry Icons" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/IndustryIcons-All/4876#4876) . models.com. For over a decade, Sara Blomqvist has prevailed as one of the industry's most consistently sought after faces. You could mention the recent wins securing a Prada ad but she's done that before too (add Valentino and Jil Sander to that copious mix too). You could bring up tears in Vogue Italia but the Swede has modeled for its pages time and time again. One thing is for sure - she's the next generation of bonafide model stars. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Swedish supermodel Sara Blomqvist makes her acting debut" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9604572/Swedish-supermodel-Sara-Blomqvist-makes-her-acting-debut.html) . The Telegraph . London. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Model Moments From Sara Blomqvist and Jeremy Young's Upstate New York Wedding" (https://www.vogue.com/article/sara-blomqvist-jeremy-young-new-york-wedding) . Vogue . 28 July 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Swedish Supermodel Sara Blomqvist Beautifies Bed-Stuy with $1.2 M. Townhouse Buy" (https://observer.com/2013/10/swedish-supermodel-sara-blomqvist-beautifies-bed-stuy-with-1-2-m-townhouse-buy/) . Observer . 29 October 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-7) An exclusive is chosen by the casting director, or sometimes Miuccia Prada herself, to only work for the brand for a season. [6] (#cite_note-6) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sara Blomqvist (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sara_Blomqvist) . 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Angel Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Mugler (/wiki/Mugler) Category Gourmand Designed for Women Top notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Bergamot Heart notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Praline Base notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Patchouli Released 1992 ; 32 years ago ( 1992 ) [1] (#cite_note-1) Label Mugler (/wiki/Mugler) Perfumer(s) Olivier Cresp and Yves de Chirin Concentration Eau de Parfum (/wiki/Perfume#Dilution_classes) Flanker(s) (/wiki/Flanker_(perfume)) Angel Nova [2] (#cite_note-2) Angel Elixir [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) Angel Sunessence [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) Angel Eau Croisiere [4] (#cite_note-4) Angel Muse [5] (#cite_note-5) Angel is a 1992 perfume from Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) and the first modern gourmand (/wiki/Gourmand_(fragrance)) perfume (/wiki/Perfume) , with notes of patchouli, praline, red berries, and vanilla. [6] (#cite_note-6) The perfumiers (/wiki/Perfumier) were Olivier Cresp (/wiki/Olivier_Cresp) and Yves de Chirin. [7] (#cite_note-Angel-704-7) The design of its bottle is an irregular shaped star. [8] (#cite_note-8) Angel, along with the company's companion scent Alien, accounts for $280 million in annual sales. [9] (#cite_note-create_stir-9) The perfume continued to be produced after Mugler's luxury monobrand women's line folded. As of 2011, the fragrance was the fifth best-selling perfume of all time in the United States, according to The NPD Group (/wiki/The_NPD_Group) . [10] (#cite_note-10) It once surpassed Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) 's No. 5 (/wiki/Chanel_No._5) fragrance as the best-selling perfume in France, and remains one of the best-selling perfumes in Europe. [11] (#cite_note-11) Marketing [ edit ] Previous faces of the Angel perfume line have included Jerry Hall (/wiki/Jerry_Hall) , Naomi Watts (/wiki/Naomi_Watts) , Eva Mendes (/wiki/Eva_Mendes) , Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) , and Georgia May Jagger (/wiki/Georgia_May_Jagger) . [12] (#cite_note-auto1-12) In 2023, American actress Hunter Schafer (/wiki/Hunter_Schafer) was announced as the new face of the Angel perfume line. [13] (#cite_note-13) Awards [ edit ] FiFi Award Hall of Fame 2007 [7] (#cite_note-Angel-704-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mugler Angel Eau de Parfum Fragrance | Mugler Official Site" (https://www.muglerusa.com/fragrance/womens-fragrances/angel/angel-eau-de-parfum-perfume/M010101003.html) . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Angel Nova Perfume Eau De Parfum | Mugler Official Site" (https://www.muglerusa.com/fragrance/womens-fragrances/angel/angel-nova-eau-de-parfum-perfume/M020604168.html) . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Mugler Angel Elixir Eau de Parfum | Mugler Official Site" (https://www.muglerusa.com/fragrance/womens-fragrances/angel/angel-elixir/M020604286.html) . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Angel Eau Croisière - Eau de Toilette | Mugler Official Site" (https://www.muglerusa.com/fragrance/womens-fragrances/angel/angel-eau-croisiere/M020604166.html) . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Angel muse for women (https://fragranceroom.com/products/angel-muse-for-women-eau-de-parfum-spray-by-thierry-mugler) fragranceroom.com Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240229215056/https://fragranceroom.com/products/angel-muse-for-women-eau-de-parfum-spray-by-thierry-mugler) 29 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jahns, Erin (19 June 2019). "And Now, the 17 Most Popular Designer Perfumes of All Time" (https://www.whowhatwear.com/most-popular-designer-perfumes) . Who What Wear . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b fragrantica.com Angel (http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Thierry-Mugler/Angel-704.html) Accessed: December 26, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Groom, N. (30 June 1997). New Perfume Handbook . Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7514-0403-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-create_stir_9-0) Thierry Mugler, Still Creating a Stir (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/fashion/02MUGLER.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) ERIC WILSON Published: April 30, 2010 Accessed: December 26, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Schaefer, Kayleen (5 December 2011). "A Little Confection Behind the Ear" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/08/fashion/perfumers-turn-to-scents-of-candy-skin-deep.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Kapferer (/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Kapferer) , Jean-Noël; Bastien, Vincent (3 September 2012). The Luxury Strategy: Break the Rules of Marketing to Build Luxury Brands . Kogan Page Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7494-6492-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-auto1_12-0) "How Model Toni Garrn Found New Beauty Rituals in Quarantine" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/beauty/toni-garrn-model-angel-nova-mugler-perfume-interview) . L'Officiel USA . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Weil, Jennifer (15 February 2023). "EXCLUSIVE: Hunter Schafer Is the New Face of Mugler's Angel" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/exclusive-hunter-schafer-new-face-mugler-angel-1235526866/) . WWD . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. Hasegawa (/wiki/T._Hasegawa) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) Category (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Perfume) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ctl4f Cached time: 20240720174214 Cache expiry: 973067 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.416 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1272/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40790/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1424/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 56556/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.213/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5080587/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 379.069 1 -total 37.98% 143.985 1 Template:Reflist 26.06% 98.783 7 Template:Cite_web 24.18% 91.642 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 23.65% 89.661 1 Template:Infobox 17.44% 66.117 1 Template:Short_description 15.61% 59.180 1 Template:Perfume 14.67% 55.618 1 Template:Navbox 10.75% 40.755 3 Template:Hlist 9.61% 36.418 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44849691-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720174214 and revision id 1235691256. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_(perfume)&oldid=1235691256 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_(perfume)&oldid=1235691256) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Products introduced in 1992 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1992) 1992 establishments in France (/wiki/Category:1992_establishments_in_France) 20th-century perfumes (/wiki/Category:20th-century_perfumes) Designer perfumes (/wiki/Category:Designer_perfumes) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Use dmy dates from March 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024)
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1994 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1994) 1995 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1995) 1996 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1996) 1997 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1997) 1998 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1998) 1999 2000 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2000) 2001 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2001) 2002 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2002) 2003 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2003) 2004 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2004) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐txhmh Cached time: 20240718155349 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.069 seconds Real time usage: 0.138 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.053/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933178/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 101.400 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 101.400 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44737354-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718155349 and revision id 974951646. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1999" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Airness (/wiki/Airness) Akademiks (/wiki/Akademiks) AmpleBosom (/wiki/AmpleBosom) B Baby Phat (/wiki/Baby_Phat) Baum und Pferdgarten (/wiki/Baum_und_Pferdgarten) C Circa (company) (/wiki/Circa_(company)) Custom Ink (/wiki/Custom_Ink) F Franklin & Marshall (company) (/wiki/Franklin_%26_Marshall_(company)) Frost French (/wiki/Frost_French) H Heatherette (/wiki/Heatherette) The Hemp Trading Company (/wiki/The_Hemp_Trading_Company) I IPath Footwear (/wiki/IPath_Footwear) J Jinx (clothing) (/wiki/Jinx_(clothing)) John Varvatos (company) (/wiki/John_Varvatos_(company)) K Kukri Sports (/wiki/Kukri_Sports) L Lifted Research Group (/wiki/Lifted_Research_Group) M Mackage (/wiki/Mackage) Maria B (/wiki/Maria_B) O Onda (sportswear) (/wiki/Onda_(sportswear)) P Paolo Shoes (/wiki/Paolo_Shoes) R Rocawear (/wiki/Rocawear) Rooster Sailing (/wiki/Rooster_Sailing) S Signia (sportswear) (/wiki/Signia_(sportswear)) V Von Dutch (/wiki/Von_Dutch) W WESC (/wiki/WESC) What Katie Did (company) (/wiki/What_Katie_Did_(company)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1999&oldid=974951646 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1999&oldid=974951646) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1999 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1999) Manufacturing companies established in 1999 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1999) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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Hair braids which are characterized by "boxy" or square-shaped hair divisions Box braids in Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) American singer/actress Brandy Norwood (/wiki/Brandy_Norwood) with her signature [1] (#cite_note-1) box braids. Box braids are a type of hair-braiding style that is predominantly popular among African people and the African diaspora (/wiki/African_diaspora) . This type of hairstyle is a "protective style" (a style which can be worn for a long period of time to let natural hair grow and protect the ends of the hair) and is "boxy", consisting of square-shaped hair divisions. Box braids are generally installed by using synthetic hair which helps to add thickness as well as helping the natural hair that is in the braid. Because they are not attached to the scalp like other similar styles such as cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) , box braids can be styled in a number of different ways. The installation process of box braids can be lengthy, but once installed they can last for six to eight weeks. They are known for being easy to maintain. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Hair-braiding styles were used to help differentiate tribes, locations, and also possibly a symbol of wealth and power due to the amount of effort that went into styling braids. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Box braids were not given a specific name until the 1990s when popularized by R&B musician Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , but have been used for years. This style of braiding comes from the Eembuvi braids of Namibia (/wiki/Namibia) or the chin-length bob braids of the women of the Nile Valley (/wiki/Nile_valley) from over 3,000 years ago. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In the Mbalantu tribe of Namibia, braiding was an important social practice. Older women would gather with their girls and teach them how to braid. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Box braids are also commonly worn by the Khoisan (/wiki/Khoisan) people of South Africa [6] (#cite_note-6) and the Afar people (/wiki/Afar_people) in the horn of Africa. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In Africa (/wiki/Africa) , braid styles and patterns have been used to distinguish tribal membership, marital status, age, wealth, religion and social ranking. [ citation needed ] In some countries of Africa (/wiki/Africa) , the braids were used for communication. [ citation needed ] In some Caribbean islands, braid patterns were used to map routes to escape slavery. [ citation needed ] Layers of finely chopped tree bark and oils can be used to support the hairstyle. Human hair was at one point wefted into fiber wig caps made of durable materials like wool and felt for reuse in traditional clothing as well as different rituals. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Cowry shells, jewels, beads and other material items adorned box braids of older women alluding to their readiness to have daughters, emulation of wealth, high priesthood and any other classifications. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Cultural association and value [ edit ] Hair was and is a very important and symbolic part of different African communities. Africans believed that hair could help with divine communication as it was the elevated part of one's body. Hair styling was entrusted only to close relatives, as it was explained that if a strand fell into the hands of an enemy, harm could come to the hair's owner. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Members of royalty would often wear elaborate hairstyles as a symbol of their stature, and those in mourning, usually women, would pay some attention to their hair during the period of grieving. Hair was seen as a symbol of fertility, as thick, long tresses and neat, clean hair symbolised ability to bear healthy daughters. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Elaborate patterns were done for special occasions like weddings, social ceremonies or war preparations. People belonging to a tribe could easily be identified by another tribe member with the help of a braid pattern or style. [10] (#cite_note-10) Box braids in the US military [ edit ] The U.S. Army has strong regulations and restrictions on hairstyles for both men and women. In 2014, the army reviewed and revised its policies following concerns that previous regulations were too restrictive for African American women. Army policy originally considered African American women's natural hair "not neat" and deemed protective styles "unprofessional". According to an official Army military article explaining the revisions, "twists, cornrows and braids can be up to 1 ⁄ 2 inch [13 mm] in diameter. The previous maximum was a diameter of approximately 1 ⁄ 4 inch [6 mm]". [11] (#cite_note-11) This gives more opportunity to wear protective styles. Under current guidance, box braids can be worn as long as they show no more than 3 ⁄ 8 of the scalp. The parting must be square or rectangular shape. The ends of the braids must be secured. Once the newly grown natural hair outside of the braid, also known as new growth, reaches 1 ⁄ 2 inch [13 mm], the style must be redone. Similar regulations apply for styles like dreadlocks, flat twists, and braids with natural hair. These hairstyles must not interfere with the wear of uniform or covers. [12] (#cite_note-12) Though synthetic hair for box braids exists in multiple colors, the military dictates that enlisted women must have box braids in natural hair colors without any additional jewelry like hairclips or beads. Medium box braids [ edit ] Medium box braids are a popular hairstyle within the African and African American communities. They involve parting the hair into individual square-shaped sections, and then each section is braided from the scalp to the ends. These braids are termed 'medium' due to their thickness, which is typically about the width of a pencil to that of a marker. [13] (#cite_note-MeechiGuide-13) Characteristics [ edit ] The medium size of these braids strikes a balance between the delicate appearance of smaller braids and the more pronounced look of jumbo braids. They are versatile in length, often extending just beyond the wearer's natural hair length, and can be styled in various ways including buns, ponytails, and more. Styling and maintenance [ edit ] As a protective hairstyle, medium box braids can safeguard the hair from environmental factors and styling stress. They require routine maintenance, including scalp hydration and proper cleansing, to maintain the health of the hair and scalp. These braids can be kept in for several weeks before they need to be redone. See also [ edit ] African hair threading (/wiki/African_hair_threading) Braid (hairstyle) (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Badger, Marsha (11 February 2021). "Here Are 5 Times Brandy Norwood's Braids Were Hair Goals" (https://hellobeautiful.com/playlist/brandy-norwood-hair-braids/) . hellobeautiful.com . Retrieved 1 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Terryn, Kelly. "What Are Box Braids?" (https://hair.lovetoknow.com/black-hairstyles/what-are-box-braids) . LoveToKnow . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "20 Badass Box Braids Hairstyles That You Can Wear Year-Round" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/box-braids-hairstyles-photos_n_55e46c9ae4b0b7a9633989c8) . HuffPost . 2015-08-31 . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ a b c d "6 POPULAR BRAIDING STYLES & THEIR TRUE ORIGIN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210225070745/https://www.onchek.com/theinsight/6-popular-braiding-styles-their-true-origin/) . ONCHEK . Archived from the original (https://www.onchek.com/theinsight/6-popular-braiding-styles-their-true-origin/) on 2021-02-25 . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_5-0) Nxumalo, Lethabo (2018-01-14). "Your all-you-need-guide on How to do Box Braids" (https://blackhairspot.com/blog/hair-talk/how-to-box-braids/) . Black Hair Spot . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Khoi-San woman" (https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f80d461bc3ecddc9698ecb41d9c29b70.webp) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Afar woman" (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d8/c5/18/d8c518c41f56089406e55a70f7cb6059.jpg) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Shift in Ethiopia's Afar culture emblematic of modernising mood" (https://www.irishtimes.com/polopoly_fs/1.3765754.1548094566!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_620_330/image.jpg) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . ^ a b Matshego, Lebo (2017-05-30). "A History Of African Women's Hairstyles" (https://www.africa.com/history-african-womens-hairstyles/) . Africa.com . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Venkitesh, Deepa (2011-07-09). "African Tribes and the Cultural Significance of Braiding Hair" (https://www.brighthubeducation.com/social-studies-help/121031-cultural-significance-of-hair-braiding-in-african-tribes/) . Bright Hub Education . Retrieved 2019-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Army releases latest policies on female hairstyles, tattoos" (https://www.army.mil/article/133794/army_releases_latest_policies_on_female_hairstyles_tattoos) . www.army.mil . Retrieved 2020-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Uniform board decision updates hair regulations" (https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/627669/uniform-board-decision-updates-hair-regulations) . United States Marine Corps Flagship . Retrieved 2020-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-MeechiGuide_13-0) "The Ultimate Guide to Medium Box Braids" (https://www.meechi.com/blog/braids/the-ultimate-guide-to-medium-box-braids/) . Meechi . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . "The Ultimate Guide to Medium Box Braids". (https://www.meechi.com/blog/braids/the-ultimate-guide-to-medium-box-braids/) Meechi. Retrieved 2023-12-13. 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American yoga instructor (1979–2021) Guru Jagat Born Katie Griggs ( 1979-08-30 ) August 30, 1979 Fort Collins, Colorado (/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado) Died August 1, 2021 (2021-08-01) (aged 41) Venice, Los Angeles (/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles) Alma mater Antioch College (/wiki/Antioch_College) Occupation Yoga instructor Years active 2013–2021 Organization Ra Ma Institute Katie Griggs (August 30, 1979 – August 1, 2021), professionally known as Guru Jagat, was an American Kundalini yoga (/wiki/Kundalini_yoga) teacher, podcaster (/wiki/Podcaster) , author, and the owner of both a fashion brand and record label. She is noted for sharing QAnon (/wiki/QAnon) conspiracy theories and interviewing conspiracy theorists on her podcast. Early life and education [ edit ] Katie Griggs was born in the summer of 1979 in Fort Collins, Colorado (/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Her mother was a farmer [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) and a therapeutic clown (/wiki/Therapeutic_clown) , [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) and brought her up surrounded by New Age (/wiki/New_Age) teachings. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Before adopting the Guru Jagat moniker, she also used the aliases Athena Day, Katie Day, and Kundalini Katie. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) After initially dropping out of school, she obtained a degree from Antioch College (/wiki/Antioch_College) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) She studied Kundalini yoga (/wiki/Kundalini_yoga) in New Mexico (/wiki/New_Mexico) under the mentorship of Harbhajan Singh Khalsa (/wiki/Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Career and views [ edit ] Journalist Emily Guerin described Griggs as an attention seeker and someone who was both a victim and perpetrator of injustice, referring to her abuse of employees and incorporation of cultish elements in her corporate yoga enterprises. [4] (#cite_note-4) Griggs was the owner-operator of Kundalini yoga (/wiki/Kundalini_yoga) studio the Ra Ma Institute , located on Lincoln Boulevard (/wiki/Lincoln_Boulevard_(Los_Angeles_County)) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) in Venice, Los Angeles (/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles) , [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) which opened in 2013. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Her clients included actor Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) , singer Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) , [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) and actors Kelly Rutherford (/wiki/Kelly_Rutherford) , [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) , and Laura Dern (/wiki/Laura_Dern) . [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Staff at the studio were paid less than minimum wage. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) She opened her second yoga studio in Boulder, Colorado (/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado) in the summer of 2014. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Griggs operated the podcast Reality Riffing with Guru Jagat. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States) , she used her podcast to share conspiracy theories about COVID-19 being spread by chemtrails (/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory) and artificial intelligence taking over. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) On the podcast she interviewed conspiracy theorist Arthur Firstenberg (/wiki/Arthur_Firstenberg) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) and conspiracy theorist and antisemite David Icke (/wiki/David_Icke) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) Griggs did not follow California's public health rules (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California) during the pandemic and refused COVID-19 vaccines (/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Griggs used social media to share supportive statements about her mentor, [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) the late Harbhajan Singh Khalsa (/wiki/Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa) , also known as Yogi Bhajan, who was accused of rape, child abuse, and financial impropriety. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Griggs also shared QAnon (/wiki/QAnon) conspiracy theories, including the Pizzagate conspiracy theory (/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) In 2021, two former employees of Griggs accused her of running Ra Ma Institute as a cult, and calling a Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) supporter a "cockroach". [8] (#cite_note-8) Griggs owned the clothing line Robotic Disaster [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) and the record label RA MA Records. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Invincible Living (book) [ edit ] In 2017, Harper Elixir (/wiki/HarperOne) [9] (#cite_note-:03-9) published Griggs' book Invincible Living: The Power of Yoga, The Energy of Breath and Other Tools for a Radiant Life ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0062414984 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062414984) .) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Invincible Living includes lessons previously shared by Griggs via her media outlet RA MA Media on the topic of Kundalini yoga (/wiki/Kundalini_yoga) . [9] (#cite_note-:03-9) The illustrated book includes instruction on simple breathing and moving exercises as well as lifestyle and wellness advice. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) The book includes advice that claims to increase metabolism, improve mood, increase creativity, reduce stress, and slow ageing. [10] (#cite_note-10) It also provides advice on financial prosperity and improving reader's sex lives. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Personal life and death [ edit ] Griggs married husband Teg Nam in a Sikh ceremony in Scotland in 2019. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Griggs died on August 1, 2021, at the age of 41. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [11] (#cite_note-11) She died of a cardiac arrest caused by a pulmonary embolism (/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism) following surgery on her left ankle. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) She is buried in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery (/wiki/Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Legacy [ edit ] HBO Max (/wiki/HBO_Max) is working on a documentary-series about her life called Breath of Fire, after one of the breathing techniques used in Kundalini yoga. [12] (#cite_note-12) LAist (/wiki/Gothamist) featured Griggs in season four of their Imperfect Paradise (podcast) (/wiki/Imperfect_Paradise_(podcast)) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) See also [ edit ] Yoga in the United States (/wiki/Yoga_in_the_United_States) Sexual abuse by yoga gurus (/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Phelan, Hayley (December 1, 2021). "The Second Coming of Guru Jagat" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/11/the-second-coming-of-guru-jagat) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221130211406/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/11/the-second-coming-of-guru-jagat) from the original on November 30, 2022 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ a b c d e f g h Nelson, Steffie (December 14, 2015). "In a Land of Spiritual Seekers, Kundalini Teacher Guru Jagat Is Rising Above Them All Los Angeles Magazine" (https://www.lamag.com/longform/in-a-land-of-spiritual-seekers-kundalini-teacher-guru-jagat-is-rising-above-them-all/) . Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109034041/https://www.lamag.com/longform/in-a-land-of-spiritual-seekers-kundalini-teacher-guru-jagat-is-rising-above-them-all/) from the original on January 9, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ a b c d Hartman, Eviana (January 12, 2017). "Meet the L.A. Yoga Guru Taking On Resting Bitch Face and Donald Trump" (https://www.vogue.com/article/kundalini-yoga-guru-jagat-book-invincible-living-meditation-stress-anxiety) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109235503/https://www.vogue.com/article/kundalini-yoga-guru-jagat-book-invincible-living-meditation-stress-anxiety) from the original on January 9, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Brief: Long Live Guru Jagat (w/Emily Guerin)" (https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/conspirituality-1233098/episodes) . Conspirituality (Podcast). ^ a b c d e f g h i Guerin, Emily (January 2, 2023). "She was a popular yoga guru. Then she embraced QAnon conspiracy theories" (https://www.npr.org/2023/01/02/1146318331/yoga-guru-qanon-conspiracy-theories) . NPR.org . National Public Radio (/wiki/National_Public_Radio) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109032653/https://www.npr.org/2023/01/02/1146318331/yoga-guru-qanon-conspiracy-theories) from the original on January 9, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ a b c Diderich, Joelle (August 12, 2019). "Guru Jagat Branches Out Into Fashion" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kundalini-yoga-teacher-guru-jagat-branches-out-into-fashion-kate-hudson-alicia-keys-1203235419/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109033015/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kundalini-yoga-teacher-guru-jagat-branches-out-into-fashion-kate-hudson-alicia-keys-1203235419/) from the original on January 9, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Encore: QAnon's toehold in the wellness world" (https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/2023-01-07/encore-qanons-toehold-in-the-wellness-world) . Wyoming Public Media (/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Media) . January 7, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230114050937/https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/2023-01-07/encore-qanons-toehold-in-the-wellness-world) from the original on January 14, 2023 . Retrieved January 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wang, Jessica (December 7, 2021). "The bizarre claims made by Kundalini yoga boss Guru Jagat" (https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/the-bizarre-claims-made-by-kundalini-yoga-boss-guru-jagat/news-story/ba7cbd18ccf92f481805214ce5a451a0) . News.com.au . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220122003515/https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/the-bizarre-claims-made-by-kundalini-yoga-boss-guru-jagat/news-story/ba7cbd18ccf92f481805214ce5a451a0) from the original on January 22, 2022 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ a b Herman, Valli (September 20, 2017). "How Guru Jagat helps you get your groove back in a techy and complex era" (https://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-guru-jagat-20170923-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230110002500/https://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-guru-jagat-20170923-story.html) from the original on January 10, 2023 . Retrieved January 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Kate Hudson and Kelly Rutherford Swear by Kundalini Yoga Practice to Stay Centered" (https://people.com/health/kate-hudson-alicia-keys-kelly-rutherford-kundalini-yoga/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230110002500/https://people.com/health/kate-hudson-alicia-keys-kelly-rutherford-kundalini-yoga/) from the original on January 10, 2023 . Retrieved January 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Diderich, Joelle (August 4, 2021). "Obituary: Kundalini Yoga Teacher Guru Jagat Dies at 41" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kundalini-yoga-teacher-guru-jagat-dead-at-41-1234892856/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109032653/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kundalini-yoga-teacher-guru-jagat-dead-at-41-1234892856/) from the original on January 9, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Pedersen, Erik (December 1, 2021). " (https://deadline.com/2021/12/guru-jugat-docuseries-breath-of-fire-hbo-max-vanity-fair-1234882617/) 'Breath Of Fire' Docuseries About Guru Jagat Set At HBO Max From Vanity Fair & SecondNature" (https://deadline.com/2021/12/guru-jugat-docuseries-breath-of-fire-hbo-max-vanity-fair-1234882617/) . Deadline (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211201155450/https://deadline.com/2021/12/guru-jugat-docuseries-breath-of-fire-hbo-max-vanity-fair-1234882617/) from the original on December 1, 2021 . Retrieved January 9, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Guru Jagat (https://www.instagram.com/gurujagat/?hl=en) – Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) Guru Jagat (https://twitter.com/gurujagat11) – Twitter Ra Ma Yoga Institute (https://ramayogainstitute.com/) – official website { https://www.instagram.com/ramawrong/ (https://www.instagram.com/ramawrong/) - {{ Instagram (/wiki/Template:Instagram) }} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. 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Russian supermodel (born 1982) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0) in Russian . Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Зеляева, Валентина Андреевна]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|Зеляева, Валентина Андреевна}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Valentina_Zelyaeva) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Valentina Zelyaeva Валентина Зеляева Zelyaeva in 2015 Born ( 1982-10-11 ) 11 October 1982 (age 41) Ulan-Ude (/wiki/Ulan-Ude) , Russia Occupation Model Years active 2003–present Modeling information Height 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Website www (https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/) .valentinazelyaeva (https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/) .com (https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/) Valentina Zelyaeva (born 11 October 1982) is a Russian (/wiki/Russians) - American (/wiki/Americans) supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Zelyaeva is best known for being the face of Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) for 7 years. In 2008, Zelyaeva was the 13th highest-paid model in the world, earning $2.3 million. [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Valentina Zelyaeva was born in Ulan-Ude (/wiki/Ulan-Ude) , a city in Siberia. Her father was a soldier and her mother wanted to become a teacher. The family later moved to Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) and then settled down in Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) when she was 7. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Zelyaeva got her start as a fashion model when she was 15. A friend of hers handed her modelling card, but she was too shy to call at first. Her mother then took her to the agency where she was immediately signed. [4] (#cite_note-4) Zelyaeva entered the Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) contest, but she didn't win. Afterwards, Zelyaeva started working in Japan for 2 years, where she learned English and started to support her family back in Russia. [5] (#cite_note-5) Zelyaeva's breakthrough came in 2003, Ralph Lauren was very impressed by her and let her open his show and booked her for the upcoming campaign. [6] (#cite_note-6) Zelyaeva was sent to a modelling school in Milan (/wiki/Milan) in order to learn how to behave in front of the camera and how to walk in the catwalk. Throughout her career, Zelyaeva has been featured on the cover of Spanish, Chinese, Greek and Mexican edition of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and has appeared on the cover of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Zelyaeva has been featured on the print advertisements for Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Coach (/wiki/Coach_New_York) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) for whom she signed a deal for 7 years appearing on his campaigns. Zelyaeva has walked the runways for Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Zelyaeva was also the face of two L'Oreal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) campaigns. [9] (#cite_note-9) Zelyaeva got her first US modeling work in New York City in September 2003. [10] (#cite_note-nymag-bio-10) She served as the "face of Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) " beginning in 2005. [10] (#cite_note-nymag-bio-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2008, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) estimated that Zelyaeva was the world's 13th-highest-earning model. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/valentinazelyaeva/p/BX00VHLBM7d/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Blakeley, Kiri. "In Pictures: The World's 15 Top-Earning Models" (https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/30/models-bundchen-klum-biz-media-cz_kb_0430topmodels_slide.html) . Forbes . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) [1] (https://www.prosieben.ch/themen/stars/profile/valentina-zelyaeva-62339) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Valentina Zeliaeva" (https://fashionelite.com/profile/valentina-zeliaeva/) . Fashion Elite . 3 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) https://www.prosieben.ch/themen/stars/profile/valentina-zelyaeva-62339 (https://www.prosieben.ch/themen/stars/profile/valentina-zelyaeva-62339) ^ (#cite_ref-6) https://www.prosieben.ch/themen/stars/profile/valentina-zelyaeva-62339 (https://www.prosieben.ch/themen/stars/profile/valentina-zelyaeva-62339) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Valentina Zeliaeva" (https://fashionelite.com/profile/valentina-zeliaeva/) . Fashion Elite . 3 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Valentina Zeliaeva" (https://fashionelite.com/profile/valentina-zeliaeva/) . Fashion Elite . 3 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Blakeley, Kiri. "In Pictures: The World's 15 Top-Earning Models" (https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/30/models-bundchen-klum-biz-media-cz_kb_0430topmodels_slide.html) . Forbes . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Valentina Zelyaeva" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071003190445/nymag.com/fashion/models/vzelyaeva/valentinazelyaeva/) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/vzelyaeva/valentinazelyaeva/) on 3 October 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Музы Ральфа Лорена" (https://www.elle.ru/moda/zvezdny-stil/muzyi-ralfa-lorena/) [The Muses of Ralph Lauren]. Elle Russia (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (in Russian). 14 October 2017 . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "A Diary: How This Top Model Prepped for the Hottest Parties at the Cannes Film Festival" (https://www.glamour.com/story/ralph-lauren-model-cannes) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . 23 May 2014 . Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Blakeley, Kiri (30 April 2008). "In Pictures: The World's 15 Top-Earning Models" (https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/30/models-bundchen-klum-biz-media-cz_kb_0430topmodels_slide.html?sh=68021f544b85) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 24 June 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valentina Zelyaeva (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valentina_Zelyaeva) . Official website (https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/) https://web.archive.org/web/20220508204256/https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20220508204256/https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/) (self-bio) https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/press/ (https://www.valentinazelyaeva.com/press/) This Russian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentina_Zelyaeva&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion designer Larry LeGaspi (June 25, 1950 – April 26, 2001) was an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) best known for creating signature designs worn by Labelle (/wiki/Labelle) , Kiss (/wiki/Kiss_(band)) , Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , George Clinton (/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)) and Funkadelic (/wiki/Funkadelic) , Divine (/wiki/Divine_(performer)) , and other notables in the 1970s and 1980s. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Early years and career [ edit ] Legaspi was born in Lakewood Township, New Jersey (/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey) , and attended the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) in New York City. He subsequently opened his own studio and boutique, Moonstone, where he sold his Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) -inspired futuristic styles in a space decorated with a moon and stars motif. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) By 1972, he had started designing costumes for the members of Labelle (/wiki/Labelle) , whom he had met after one of their concerts in New York. He created distinct variations of what he described as his "futuristic concept" for each singer, [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) replete with metallic designs expressing his belief that 1970s fashion would soon embrace a "Space Deco" style resonant with 1930s motifs. [7] (#cite_note-7) LeGaspi's designs would go on to have an extensive influence on 1970s music industry costume design and popular culture, most notably in his creation of the costumes worn by the band Kiss. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) Within the fashion industry, the mass market popularity of futuristic designs following Star Wars (/wiki/Star_Wars) and the rise of disco (/wiki/Disco) was seen as a fulfillment of LeGaspi's vision earlier in the decade. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [9] (#cite_note-9) LeGaspi also created costume designs for theater and club performances, such as the costumes for Divine (/wiki/Divine_(performer)) 's play Pork and Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) ' designs in her 1970s nightclub act. [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) LeGaspi's work on the stage was seen by Afro-futurist (/wiki/Afrofuturism) musician George Clinton (/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)) , who recounted to Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) that "I watched a lot of these plays, and when we first did the Mothership Connection album in 1975, I knew that I had to get the costuming from Larry LeGaspi, who was a famous costume designer for Broadway and bands like Kiss and Labelle.” [13] (#cite_note-13) Together with his iconic designs for Labelle, Kiss, and Clinton, his work for the stage and social events embodied a range of elements that presaged later developments in mainstream fashion design, including a blend of metallic futurism with black-leather primalism, the integration of electronic technology, designs that could transform into different looks, the use of flamboyant costume elements in personal dress, and stylized androgyny. [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) Influence [ edit ] Fashion designer Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) attributes LeGaspi's work as the inspiration for his own career and celebrated LeGaspi in his Fall/Winter 2019 "Larry" menswear collection, shown in February 2019. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) According to Owens, LeGaspi's importance in fashion and culture stems from his creation of the silver-and-black 1970s style combining Art Deco, sci-fi, black soul culture, and sexuality, a subversive sensibility that LeGaspi's work for musicians such as LaBelle and Kiss took to mainstream middle America. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) In addition to his LeGaspi-inspired collection, Owens has also written a book on LeGaspi published by Rizzoli in September 2019 titled LeGaspi: Larry LeGaspi, the '70s, and the Future of Fashion . [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) [18] (#cite_note-18) Personal life [ edit ] LeGaspi was married to Valerie Arnoff. He was openly gay for his whole life, [19] (#cite_note-19) and was friends with Divine (/wiki/Divine_(performer)) and part of the group of friends known as Divine's "New York family". [20] (#cite_note-20) LeGaspi died of AIDS (/wiki/HIV/AIDS) in 2001. In reviewing Owens' Larry collection, the New York Times ' culture and style critic Guy Trebay described the homage to LeGaspi, who "exercised an outsize influence on pop culture" but was unduly overlooked in recent years as a powerful reminder of the entire generation of designers lost due to the disease but deserving of contemporary recognition. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Obituaries for April 28, 2001". Asheville Citizen-Times . April 28, 2001. p. B4. ^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Mablen (1987). Getting It On: The Clothing of Rock 'n' Roll . New York, NY: Abbeville Press. pp. 26-29 (https://archive.org/details/gettingitoncloth0000jone/page/26) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-89659-686-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Larry LeGaspi" (http://sparklearmy.com/blog/?p=535) . 30 August 2010 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sherratt, Brian; Leong, Nalani M (1979). Disco chic: all the styles, steps, and places to go . New York: Harmony Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780517539613 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 5126210 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5126210) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Big Apple Serves Up a Slice of Boutiques". Chicago Tribune . November 21, 1977. p. B9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion Rtw: Future Fashion". WWD . Vol. 135, no. 14. New York. July 21, 1977. p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Milinaire, Caterine; Gunn, Tim; Troy, Carol (2015). Cheap chic: hundreds of money-saving hints to create your own great look . New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781101904558 . Archived from the original (http://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.com/) on 2019-12-16 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Trebay, Guy (2019-01-18). "Rick Owens Offers Respect" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/fashion/rick-owens-paris-mens-fall-2019.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Grossman, Ellie (April 25, 1979). "Love That Flash Gordon Stuff". Santa Maria Times . Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA). p. 13. ^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Mablen (1987). Getting It On: The Clothing of Rock 'n' Roll . New York, NY: Abbeville Press. pp. 151 (https://archive.org/details/gettingitoncloth0000jone/page/151) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-89659-686-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Shows Out of Town - Billy Hill". Variety . December 5, 1973. p. 59. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "PLAZA MAGAZINE" (https://www.rickowens.eu/en/US/interviews/plaza-magazine) . www.rickowens.eu . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "George Clinton on Jumping Out of Spaceships in 9-Inch Heels and That Time He Called Out Prince" (https://www.vogue.com/article/george-clinton-adidas-originals-sneakersnstuff-yung-1-prince) . Vogue . 23 October 2018 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Rick Owens Fall 2019 Menswear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2019-menswear/rick-owens) . Vogue . 17 January 2019 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Rick Owens's Vibrant Elegy" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/fashion-show-review/rick-owenss-vibrant-elegy) . The Business of Fashion . 2019-01-18 . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Dazed (2019-01-17). "Rick Owens does sleazy glam rock for AW19" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/42941/1/rick-owens-autumn-winter-aw19-paris-fashion-week-menswear-kiss-larry-legaspi) . Dazed . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Foreman, Katya (2019-01-17). "Rick Owens Men's Fall 2019" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2019/paris/rick-owens/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Salter, Steve; Petty, Felix (2019-01-18). "rick owens honours the glam-rock glory of lust and vice" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/mbzq5b/rick-owens-autumn-winter-19-paris-menswear-review) . I-D . Retrieved 2019-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) https://www.vogue.com/article/larry-legaspi-designer-rick-owens-fall-2019 (https://www.vogue.com/article/larry-legaspi-designer-rick-owens-fall-2019) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Milstead, Frances; Heffernan, Kevin; Yeager, Steve (2001). My son Divine . Los Angeles, Calif.: Alyson Books. pp. 96–7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781555835941 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 47136476 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47136476) . Bibliography [ edit ] Allison Janae Hamilton (/wiki/Allison_Janae_Hamilton) , "Black Marvelous: An Examination of the Carnivalesque in African American Visual Culture," Ph.D. dissertation, New York University (2015). Diana L. Mankowski, "Gendering the Disco Inferno: Sexual Revolution, Liberation, and Popular Culture in 1970s America," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan (2010). Francesca T. Royster, "Labelle, Funk, and the Politics of Flight and Fight," American Studies , 52:4 (2013), 77–98. Mark Redondo Villegas, "Savage Vernacular: Performing Race, Memory, and Hip Hop in Filipino America," Ph.D. dissertation, University of California-Irvine (2015). External links [ edit ] Larry LeGaspi Archive - Twitter (https://twitter.com/gofreemoonstone) Larry LeGaspi Archive - Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/gofreemoonstone/) Rick Owens' FW19 "Larry" Collection (https://www.rickowens.eu/en/IT/collections/men-larry-fw19) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐4d5l7 Cached time: 20240707030841 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.238 seconds Real time usage: 0.305 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 981/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28424/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 345/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 69027/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.157/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4742265/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 268.648 1 -total 40.59% 109.048 6 Template:Cite_news 31.84% 85.526 1 Template:Short_description 15.36% 41.254 2 Template:Pagetype 11.54% 31.011 8 Template:Cite_web 10.00% 26.867 5 Template:Cite_book 6.73% 18.089 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck 5.85% 15.721 2 Template:Main_other 5.06% 13.581 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59710653-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707030841 and revision id 1233068849. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larry_LeGaspi&oldid=1233068849 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larry_LeGaspi&oldid=1233068849) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1950 births (/wiki/Category:1950_births) 2001 deaths (/wiki/Category:2001_deaths) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) People from Lakewood Township, New Jersey (/wiki/Category:People_from_Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey) AIDS-related deaths in New Jersey (/wiki/Category:AIDS-related_deaths_in_New_Jersey) Fashion Institute of Technology alumni (/wiki/Category:Fashion_Institute_of_Technology_alumni) American costume designers (/wiki/Category:American_costume_designers) Afrofuturism (/wiki/Category:Afrofuturism) LGBT fashion designers (/wiki/Category:LGBT_fashion_designers) American LGBT artists (/wiki/Category:American_LGBT_artists) 20th-century American LGBT people (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_LGBT_people) 21st-century American LGBT people (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_LGBT_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Iranian-Canadian computer scientist (1978-2019) Brandon Truaxe Born Ali Roshan ( 1978-06-19 ) 19 June 1978 Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Iran Died 20 January 2019 (2019-01-20) (aged 40) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Canada Education University of Waterloo (/wiki/University_of_Waterloo) Occupation Entrepreneur Brandon Truaxe (born Ali Roshan ; 19 June 1978 in Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) – 20 January 2019 in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) ), was an Iranian-Canadian (/wiki/Iranian-Canadian) computer scientist (/wiki/Computer_scientist) and cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) entrepreneur known as the founder of Toronto-based beauty company DECIEM (/wiki/DECIEM) . He became known for launching 10 cosmetic brands at once and then for being the brain behind the brand The Ordinary (/w/index.php?title=The_Ordinary_(brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) with clinical formulations at modest price points - manufacturing everything in-house. Early life [ edit ] Truaxe was born Ali Roshan in Tehran on 19 June 1978 [1] (#cite_note-heavy-1) during a lull in the unrest that would explode in revolution (/wiki/Iranian_Revolution) a few weeks later. His family left Iran and came to Toronto in 1995 as permanent residents. His mother died of breast cancer when he was young and his estranged father returned to Iran. He studied computer science at the University of Waterloo (/wiki/University_of_Waterloo) , graduating in 2001. His formative professional experience happened around this time, when he had an internship on analysis software for ″one of the big cosmetic manufacturers — a big brand that owns many things″ in New York, and was shocked at the mark-ups it charged. [2] (#cite_note-nuvom16-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Shortly after graduation Truaxe founded software development firm, Schematte Corporation , and nutritional supplements company, Organic Senses Ltd. Both companies were dissolved in 2008 and 2007 for failure to file annual returns. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In 2003, Truaxe founded his first skin care brand Euoko with partner Julio Torres, supported by Pasquale Cusano, a Vancouver jeweler, who served as his mentor and investor. [5] (#cite_note-5) Truaxe resigned from the company in 2011. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In 2009 he founded Indeed Labs, which includes the Nanoblur collection. Truaxe later left Indeed Labs to found DECIEM in 2012, his fourth business. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Fipo30Nov-7) DECIEM [ edit ] In 2012, Truaxe co-founded DECIEM The Abnormal Beauty Company. DECIEM functioned as an umbrella company for more than 10 other brands. In April 2013, DECIEM debuted its first brand, Inhibitif, followed by The Chemistry Brand, Fountain and Grow Gorgeous. During the period of his non-compete clauses, he created the anti-aging hand cream for The Chemistry Brand. It was an instant bestseller when it launched, partly because people were using it on their faces - Truaxe had "thrown down the gauntlet (/wiki/Gauntlet_(glove)) ". [2] (#cite_note-nuvom16-2) [8] (#cite_note-8) DECIEM's multi-brand strategy was driven by a vertically integrated structure: It had its own laboratory, in-house manufacturing, in-house e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) , in-store stores, and proprietary marketing infrastructure. [9] (#cite_note-9) In August 2016, Truaxe co-launched DECIEM's The Ordinary (/w/index.php?title=The_Ordinary_(brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) product line with twenty-seven products, combining cutting-edge science with modest price points. He was realising his mission to "democratise serious skincare". [10] (#cite_note-10) The Ordinary was the 11th the beauty brand of DECIEM. It first sold exclusively online, then in various department stores, and about 30 company-owned stores it opened in Canada, the US, the UK, Mexico, South Korea and the Netherlands. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In June 2017 Truaxe's success attracted the attention of leading beauty conglomerate Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) (ELC), which acquired an equity ownership of 28% (one-third equal partner) in DECIEM for $50 million. At the time, Truaxe released a statement praising ELC for embracing ″our margins, our pricing strategy, our future plans (and) our disruptiveness″. [13] (#cite_note-13) His decision was driven by the fact that the company simply could not keep up with the consumer demand for their products. In late 2018, DECIEM was in 42 stores worldwide and sold more than one product every second. [7] (#cite_note-Fipo30Nov-7) [14] (#cite_note-14) Truaxe received, among others awards, the Luxury Briefing (/wiki/Luxury_Briefing) Award (ideas and excellence across the luxury industry) in the “Innovation in Beauty” category. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) All DECIEM products, across all brands including The Ordinary, are free of parabens (/wiki/Parabens) , sulphates (/wiki/Sulphate) , mineral oil (/wiki/Mineral_oil) , methylchloroisothiazolinone (/wiki/Methylchloroisothiazolinone) , methylisothiazolinone (/wiki/Methylisothiazolinone) , animal oils (/wiki/Animal_fat) , coal tar dyes, formaldehyde (/wiki/Formaldehyde) , mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) and oxybenzone (/wiki/Oxybenzone) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Under his leadership, annual revenue was headed to $300 million in sales, with plans to quickly quintuple in size in 2019. [18] (#cite_note-NYT-18) [7] (#cite_note-Fipo30Nov-7) Controversy [ edit ] In early 2018, Truaxe was accused of erratic behavior. Co-founder, Nicola Kilner Reddington stated that "Before 2018, he barely even drank alcohol," responding to reports that he was ingesting psychedelic mushrooms (/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom) in front of employees, convinced of their creative and spiritual benefits. According to an interview with the Financial Post, Truaxe took crystal meth (/wiki/Methamphetamine) in Britain, leading to an arrest and treatment. [18] (#cite_note-NYT-18) In October 2018, ELC sought legal action after Truaxe ordered all of DECIEM's operations to close with immediate effect due to "financial crimes". He reached out on social media claiming attacks on his reputation via false information and fear for the safety of his family and himself. [19] (#cite_note-19) Truaxe was ousted as CEO, and Nicola Kilner Reddington was appointed as the sole CEO. A few days later, a restraining order was issued against Truaxe after he had sent emails to ELC chair emeritus Leonard Lauder (/wiki/Leonard_Lauder) and other executives. [20] (#cite_note-20) [18] (#cite_note-NYT-18) [1] (#cite_note-heavy-1) Andrew Ross, executive vice president of strategy and new business development at ELC, and Pasquale Cusano, the Vancouver jeweller, were now the company's only board members. ELC's injunction also led to the appointment of Pricewaterhouse Coopers (/wiki/Pricewaterhouse_Coopers) to investigate, and report to the board, the alleged financial crimes. [21] (#cite_note-21) [7] (#cite_note-Fipo30Nov-7) Death [ edit ] Only a few months later, Truaxe died at age 40. His death took place early one morning, 20 January 2019, reportedly after falling from his Toronto apartment in the Distillery District (/wiki/Distillery_District) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) A spokesperson for Estée Lauder Companies (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) stated: "Brandon Truaxe was a true genius, and we are incredibly saddened by the news of his passing. As the visionary behind Deciem, he positively impacted millions of people around the world with his creativity, brilliance and innovation." [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) External links [ edit ] Billion Dollar Nightmare! The Tragedy Of A Billion $$ Beauty Business - Nicola Kilner, The Ordinary , Youtube-Chanel: The Diary Of A CEO, 5 June 2023 References [ edit ] ^ a b Derysh, Igor (22 January 2019). "Brandon Truaxe Dead: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know" (https://heavy.com/news/2019/01/brandon-truaxe-dead/) . Heavy.com . ^ a b "Brandon Truaxe of Deciem The new radical" (https://nuvomagazine.com/magazine/summer-2017/brandon-truaxe-founder-deciem) . Nuvo Magazine . 2017-05-30. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Brandon Truaxe: the man who will change the way you buy beauty (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/brandon-truaxe-the-man-who-will-change-the-way-you-buy-beauty-a3529571.html) , Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) , 4 May 2017 ^ a b The Canadian Press (2019-01-21). "Deciem founder Brandon Truaxe dead at 40: Company executive - BNN Bloomberg" (https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/deciem-founder-brandon-truaxe-dead-at-40-company-executive-1.1201571) . BNN . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jamie Rosen: The Mix Master (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/euoko) , W Magazine (/wiki/W_Magazine) , 1 April 2008 ^ (#cite_ref-6) How to launch a fast-growing cosmetics company (https://www.cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/How_to_launch_a_fastgrowing_cosmetics_company/119001) , Cosmetics Business , 17 June 2016 ^ a b c d "The inside story of how Deciem, the Abnormal Beauty Company, lived up to its name" (https://business.financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/the-inside-story-of-how-deciem-the-abnormal-beauty-company-lived-up-to-its-name) . Financial Post . 2018-11-30. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wischhover, Cheryl (September 22, 2016). "What Is Deciem and Why Are People So Obsessed?" (https://www.racked.com/2016/9/22/12993276/deciem-skincare-reddit) . Racked . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Estée Lauder Companies investiert in DECIEM, The Abnormal Beauty Company" (https://www.onvista.de/news/the-estee-lauder-companies-investiert-in-deciem-the-abnormal-beauty-company-64857193) . onvista.de . 2017-06-16. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The 14 Deciem products everyone's obsessed with" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/skincare/news/a41570/best-selling-deciem-products/) . Harpers Bazaar . 2017-05-18. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Cult Skin-Care Brand Whose Secret Ingredient Is Being Dirt Cheap" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/on-and-off-the-avenue/the-ordinary-cult-skin-care-secret-ingredient-is-being-dirt-cheap) . The New York Times . 2018-01-29. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The method behind Canadian beauty product founder's madness" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikN6DJxAM6o) . CBC News: The National . 2018-03-03. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Brandon Truaxe, controversial founder of Toronto-based beauty brand DECIEM, has died (https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/01/21/deciem-founder-brandon-truaxe-dead-at-40-says-company-executive.html) , The Star , 21 January 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Deciem and Indeed Labs lead tributes to founder Brandon Truaxe, who died aged 40 (https://www.cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/Deciem_and_Indeed_Labs_lead_tributes_to_founder_Brandon_Truaxe_who_died_aged_40/150989) , Cosmetics Business , 21 January 2019 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Luxury Briefing Awards 2017 (https://www.luxury-briefing.com/event/luxury-briefing-awards-2018/past_awards) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Deciem: A Case Study of the Beauty Industry's Biggest Disruptor" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220906040409/https://transparencydigital.ca/deciem-a-case-study-of-the-beauty-industrys-biggest-disruptor/) . Archived from the original (https://transparencydigital.ca/deciem-a-case-study-of-the-beauty-industrys-biggest-disruptor) on 2022-09-06 . Retrieved 2019-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "About" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190515233912/https://theordinary.com/about) . The Ordinary . Archived from the original (https://theordinary.com/about) on 15 May 2019 . Retrieved 11 February 2020 . ^ a b c Bromwich, Jonah Engel (2019-04-17). "He Built, Then Nearly Broke, a Successful Beauty Start-Up. Can It Go on Without Him?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/style/deciem-brandon-truaxe-ordinary.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Deciem CEO Brandon Truaxe says he is shutting down Deciem" (https://www.youtube.com/shorts/DuzEHg6FFDk) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Brandon Truaxe, the controversial founder of the skin care company Deciem, has died" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/1/21/18191759/brandon-truaxe-deciem-dead) . Vox . 2019-01-21. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Deciem Founder Brandon Truaxe Has Been Ousted (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/brandon-truaxe-ousted-from-deciem-1202877953) , Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , 12 October 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Deciem Founder Brandon Truaxe Reportedly Died After Falling From His Toronto Apartment In Distillery District (https://www.narcity.com/ca/on/toronto/news/deciem-founder-brandon-truaxe-reportedly-died-after-falling-from-his-toronto-apartment-in-distillery-district) , Narcity, 22 January 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Nachruf - Deciem-Gründer Brandon Truaxe (https://www.vogue.de/beauty/artikel/zum-tod-von-brandon-truaxe) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , 22 January 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Deciem founder Brandon Truaxe, the brain behind The Ordinary brand, dies aged 40" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/22/deciem-founder-brandon-truaxe-the-brain-behind-the-ordinary-brand-dies-aged-40) . The Guardian . 2019-06-22. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Bromwich, Jonah Engel (2019-04-17). "He Built, Then Nearly Broke, a Successful Beauty Start-Up. Can It Go on Without Him?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/style/deciem-brandon-truaxe-ordinary.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-12-30 . 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Beauty accessories This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artificial_nails) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Artificial nails" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Artificial+nails%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Artificial+nails%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Artificial+nails%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Artificial+nails%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Artificial+nails%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Artificial+nails%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Artificial nails with hand painted nail art Press-on nail tips, and cyanoacrylate (/wiki/Cyanoacrylate) nail glue Artificial nails , also known as fake nails , false nails , acrylic nails , nail extensions or nail enhancements , are extensions placed over fingernails (/wiki/Fingernails) as fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) . Many artificial nail designs attempt to mimic the appearance of real fingernails as closely as possible, while others may deliberately stray in favor of an artistic look. Artificial nails require regular upkeep: it is recommended that they are attended to, on average, every two weeks; however they may last over one month. [1] (#cite_note-1) Nonetheless, their versatility in terms of shape, size, design and comparatively high durability are some advantages they hold over other types of manicures. Types [ edit ] Artificial nails are an extension, not a replacement, of natural nails. There are two main approaches to creating artificial nails – tips and forms : A tip is a heavyweight nail-shaped plastic plate glued on the end of the natural nail, or, if it is a full-cover tip or "press-on", glued on top of the entire nailbed, and can have gel, dip or acrylic added on top A form is a shaped sheet with a sticky edge that is effectively attached to the tip of the finger and wrapped around the entirety of the nail to form an extension: this offers more creative control over the final shape of the artificial nail Atop these, either acrylic, hard gel, or any combination of both may be applied. Tips are available in many different designs, ranging from solid colors like gel or regular nail polish, to graphic designs such as animal prints and metallic colors. In addition to polishes, other embellishments may be used, such as rhinestones, glitter, stickers, fimo charms and striping tape, to add more to the artificial nail's design. Artificial nails can be shaped, cut, and filed into a variety of shapes, including square, squared oval/"squoval", rounded, almond, ballerina/coffin, mountain peak, lipstick, and stiletto. Acrylic nails [ edit ] Acrylic nails are made out of acrylic glass (/wiki/Acrylic_glass) (such as, PMMA). The conventional technology employs polymer beads synthesized from ethyl methacrylate (poly-EMA). When it is mixed with a liquid monomer (/wiki/Monomer) (usually ethyl methacrylate (/wiki/Ethyl_methacrylate) mixed with some inhibitor (/wiki/Polymerisation_inhibitor) ) it forms a malleable bead. This mixture begins to cure immediately, continuing until completely solid in minutes. [2] (#cite_note-2) Acrylic nails can last up to 21 days but can last longer with touch-ups. [3] (#cite_note-3) To give acrylic nails color, gel polish, nail polish, and dip powders can be applied. Use of MMA (Methyl methacrylate liquid monomers) acrylics are strongly discouraged and banned in some states as it can cause damage to the natural nail, asthma; irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth; difficulty concentrating; loss of smell and kidney issues. [4] (#cite_note-4) A suitable alternative is EMA (Ethyl Methacrylate Liquid Monomers) in salon use. Gel nails [ edit ] Gel nail extensions and gel nail polish. Below are various manicure tools including a UV lamp (/wiki/UV_lamp) for curing (/wiki/UV_curing) gel nails. Gel nails can be utilised in order to create artificial nail extensions, but can also be used like nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) . They are hardened using ultraviolet light (/wiki/UV_curing) . [5] (#cite_note-Simms2003-5) They last longer than regular nail polish and chip less often. They can have a high- gloss (/wiki/Gloss_(optics)) finish and last for two to three weeks. [6] (#cite_note-6) [5] (#cite_note-Simms2003-5) Gel nails are strong, although not as strong as acrylic or fiberglass nails, and tend to be more expensive. [5] (#cite_note-Simms2003-5) There use of the ultraviolet light in the application of gel and other types of nails contributes to melanoma (/wiki/Melanoma) of the nail bed. This is not often discussed during the application of the nails. Acetone (/wiki/Acetone) does not dissolve some types of gel nails, so they have to be removed at a salon (/wiki/Nail_salon) by buffing (/wiki/Nail_buffing) and filing, usually with an electric nail file. [5] (#cite_note-Simms2003-5) Repeated buffing can lead to thinning of the nail plate (/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)) . [7] (#cite_note-Kang2018-7) Improper application of Gel-X, and similar artificial nail systems that imitate Gel-X, can lead to fungal infections and allergic reactions. A new gel nail extension was created circa 2017 that is commonly referred to as Gel-X, or soft gel tips. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) It is a soft gel nail tip that is precut in differing styles and lengths which covers the whole nail bed up to the end of the nail. Gel-X are plied by first applying a PH bonder (dehydrator) followed by an acid-free gel primer. Finally, it is glued on using a gel adhesive that is cured using a [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) UV (/wiki/Ultraviolet) light. The removal process of gel-X nails is dissolving in acetone (/wiki/Acetone) for 20 minutes. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) Nail wraps [ edit ] Nail wraps are formed by cutting pieces of fiberglass (/wiki/Fiberglass) , linen (/wiki/Linen) , silk fabric (/wiki/Silk) , or another material to fit on the surface of the nail (or a tip attached prior), to be sealed onto the nail plate with a layer of resin or glue. They do not damage the nail and also provide strength to the nail but are not used to lengthen it [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) – and they can also be used to fix broken nails. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) The treatment is, however, more expensive. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Nail wraps last 5–7 days, but can last longer if worn and used correctly. Add-ons can impact the durability of the nail wraps. [ citation needed ] To take nail wraps off correctly, the wrap should be soaked in acetone for long enough to soften the adhesive. Nail tips [ edit ] Nail tips are made of a strong bendable material called acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene) (ABS). Nail tips are attached to the natural nail to extend its length and provides room for more nail designs. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) They can come in many different shapes, sizes, and colors, but the most popular ones are usually clear or white. They only last for 7–10 days. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) Some nail tips can also be made out of soft gel, for stronger applications when tips are the sole extension, with no other product on top. Gel-X is an example of a soft gel nail tip system. Dip powder [ edit ] With the dip powder method, a clear liquid is brushed onto a nail and the nail is then placed into clear, shimmery or pigmented dip powder, similar to what is used in the application of acrylic nails. The process is repeated multiple times, depending on how long the extension is. [12] (#cite_note-12) Dip nails tend to last about a month, two-to-three weeks longer than gel and acrylic nails. [13] (#cite_note-13) It can be worn on natural nails, nails with added tips, or can create artificial nails. Dip-powder nails do not require any UV (/wiki/UV_light) /LED light to cure: instead they are cured using an activator. [ citation needed ] The quickest way to remove dip powder is to drill, clip off or buff out layers of the powder so that, when they are soaked in acetone, they simply slide off. [14] (#cite_note-14) History [ edit ] Historically, artificial nails were common symbols of status all across the world: During the Ming Dynasty (/wiki/Ming_Dynasty) of China, noblewomen (/wiki/Noblewomen) wore very long artificial nails as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) indicating that, unlike commoners (/wiki/Commoners) , they did not have to do manual labor (/wiki/Manual_labor) . In early 19th century Greece (/wiki/Greece) , upper-class women often wore empty pistachio (/wiki/Pistachio) shells over their nails, slowly spreading the artificial nail trend across Europe. "The earliest experiments and resultant artificial nails used a monomer and polymer mix applied to the nail and extended over a supporting form. This structure hardened and, when the support was removed, was then shaped to look like a natural extension of the nail plate. These dental materials were chemicals that came under the 'family' name of acrylics: thus the acrylic artificial nail was created. All materials subsequently used also belong to the acrylic family, but the term 'acrylic nails' has stuck to the method of using a liquid monomer and powder polymer." [15] (#cite_note-15) In 1878, Mary E. Cobb opened the first manicure salon in Manhattan. This came after studying nail care in France and marrying podiatrist (/wiki/Podiatrist) , J. Parker Pray. [16] (#cite_note-The_Nail_Files-16) During the 1920s, short well-manicured round nails were a symbol of wealth. [16] (#cite_note-The_Nail_Files-16) Revlon (/wiki/Revlon_Makeup_Company) made their first appearance in 1932 with only one single product, long lasting formula nail enamel. [16] (#cite_note-The_Nail_Files-16) In 1957, Dr. Fred Slack Jr., a dentist, cut his thumb nail at work, and created an artificial nail using dental acrylic resin and aluminum foil as a realistic-looking temporary replacement. After experiments with different materials to perfect his invention, he and his brother, Tom, patented a successful version and started the company Patti Nails. Fred Slack used his dental equipment and chemicals to replace his natural nail, but over time the process has significantly changed. [17] (#cite_note-17) In the late 20th century, artificial nails for women became widely popular all over the world. In today's time there are even nail styling competitions. Judges of these nail competitions look for consistency from nail to nail. They also judge whether or not the nails complement the model's hands. If the nails are beautiful, but too long for the model's hands, the judge will count off points. The competitors will be judged on how neat their work space is and how organized they are. For years, nails were worn mostly by women. Now, in present days, people of all genders have the opportunity to wear false nails. [18] (#cite_note-18) Health effects [ edit ] Perceived benefits [ edit ] Acrylic nails help conceal or fix broken, damaged, short, or otherwise considered "undesirable" nail appearance. They also help prevent nail biting, breakage, and splits. They are used when people are not able to grow the length and strength of natural nails that they desire or simply desire a new fashion look. This problem can be solved by using certain nail techniques such as nail tipping, sculptured nails, nail wrapping, or acrylic overlays. With improper removal, acrylic nails often damage natural nails. An experienced nail technician should assist with this to ensure nail health. Health risks [ edit ] Nail infection and damage to natural nail [ edit ] If fitted properly, artificial nails are usually not problematic. However, long term use and poorly fitted nails can seriously damage the nail bed and hamper natural nail growth. Natural nails may become thin and weaken with frequent touch-ups. The most common problem associated with artificial nails is a fungal infection that may develop between the false and natural nails. When artificial nails are applied to the natural nail surface, minor types of trauma to the artificial nails which can happen from something as harmless as scraping or bumping a nail against a firm surface can cause separation of the nail from its nail bed. This allows bacteria and fungus to potentially enter the separated area setting up an infection and bacterial burden. Many hospitals and healthcare facilities do not allow employees to have long fingernails, fake or real, due to the risk of said nails harboring microbes that could transmit diseases to patients. [19] (#cite_note-19) Infection can also be a risk when nails are applied by a disreputable nail salon that does not follow sanitary practices. [20] (#cite_note-20) Hand hygiene risks [ edit ] The use of nail polish and artificial nails make proper hand hygiene and hand washing (/wiki/Hand_washing) more difficult, because they are more difficult to clean than natural nails. Therefore, in professions where hand hygiene is important, such as when handling food or providing patient care, nail polish and artificial nails are usually forbidden. For example, a guideline of the National Health Service (England) (/wiki/National_Health_Service_(England)) explicitly forbids both during patient care activity. [21] (#cite_note-21) The Food and Agriculture Organization (/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization) publishes similar advice for the food retail sector. [22] (#cite_note-22) Danger to nail salon workers [ edit ] From an occupational health standpoint, there could be hazards to nail salon workers who are exposed to the chemical fumes from artificial nails during their entire work shift. Ethyl methacrylate can be used for artificial nails and can cause contact dermatitis (/wiki/Contact_dermatitis) , asthma (/wiki/Asthma) , and allergies in the eyes and nose. [23] (#cite_note-nioshpub-23) Nail salon workers also face exposure to other chemicals used, such as toluene (/wiki/Toluene) , dibutyl phthalate (/wiki/Dibutyl_phthalate) , and formaldehyde (/wiki/Formaldehyde) . [24] (#cite_note-oshalist-24) [25] (#cite_note-nyt-25) [26] (#cite_note-nioshtopic-26) The products used to make acrylic nails may also be flammable. [27] (#cite_note-fda-27) Exposure to methyl methacrylate (/wiki/Methyl_methacrylate) (the precursor to acrylic glass (/wiki/Acrylic_glass) ) can cause drowsiness, light-headedness, and trembling of the hands, [28] (#cite_note-:2-28) and so it has been banned for use in cosmetology in the majority of US states. [29] (#cite_note-MMAcosmetologyban-29) Use of methyl methacrylate can cause skin reactions and damages to the natural nails, sometimes even permanently. Some signs that a nail salon is still using MMA might be prices that are significantly lower than most other nail salons. [30] (#cite_note-30) There will be an unusually strong and fruity odor. Also, the manicurist will often be wearing a mask to keep from breathing in the harmful chemical. [28] (#cite_note-:2-28) Removal is much more difficult, and drills are more excessively used. Ethyl methacrylate is the safer alternative for MMA, but it costs several times as much and can still produce many effects. See also [ edit ] Fingerpick (/wiki/Fingerpick) , placed on fingers to play stringed instruments Further reading [ edit ] Chase, Deborah. The New Medically Based No-Nonsense Beauty Book. Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1989. Schoon, Douglas D. Nail Structure and Product Chemistry. Milady Publishing, 1996. Symington, Jan. Australian nail technology. Tertiary Press, 2006. Anthony, Elizabeth. "ABC's of Acrylics," NailPro Magazine, October 1994. Hamacker, Amy. "Dental Adhesives for Nails," NailPro Magazine, June 1994. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Tan, Sara. "Acrylics 101: 5 Tips to Make Your Fake Tips Last" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/13378-how-to-make-your-acrylic-nails-last-aka-tips-for-your-tips) . Bustle . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Secret Ingredient: Acrylic Liquid" (http://www.nailsmag.com/article/92533/secret-ingredient-acrylic-liquid) . NAILS Magazine . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "How long do acrylic nails last and how you make them last longer?" (https://metro.co.uk/2017/06/29/how-long-do-acrylic-nails-last-and-how-you-make-them-last-longer-6743600/) . Metro . 29 June 2017 . Retrieved 12 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Health Hazards in Nail Salons - Chemical Hazards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration" (https://www.osha.gov/nail-salons/chemical-hazards) . www.osha.gov . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ a b c d Janet Simms (2003). A Practical Guide to Beauty Therapy for NVQ Level 2 . Nelson Thornes. p. 396. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7487-7150-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Whitbread, Louise (2019). "Gel Manicures Look Good, But What's The Damage To Your Nails?" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/are-gel-nails-damaging_uk_5d52b0bae4b05fa9df04c708) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . ^ (#cite_ref-Kang2018_7-0) Kang, Sewon (2018). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, Ninth Edition . McGraw-Hill Education (/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-07-183783-5 . ^ a b Robin, Marci. "Ariana Grande's Long Nails Look Like Acrylics, But They're Actually Gel Extensions" (https://www.allure.com/story/ariana-grande-nails-gel-x-extensions) . Allure . Retrieved 22 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_9-0) Penrose, Nerisha (1 September 2020). "Gel Extensions Will Make You Ditch Acrylics Forever" (https://www.elle.com/beauty/a27207101/what-are-gel-nail-extensions/) . ELLE . Retrieved 22 October 2020 . ^ a b c Simms (2003), p. 397 (https://books.google.com/books?id=qEO7daJsbCEC&pg=PA397) . ^ a b Simms (2003), p. 398 (https://books.google.com/books?id=qEO7daJsbCEC&pg=PA398) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Do Dip Nails Last Longer Than Gel? Lemme Explain" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a29711517/dip-powder-nails-what-to-know/) . Cosmopolitan . 13 May 2024 . Retrieved 23 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Prinzivalli, Leah. "Everything You Need to Know About Dip Powder Nails" (https://www.glamour.com/story/dip-powder-nails-are-they-safe) . Glamour . Retrieved 11 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Tan, Sara. "How to Remove Dip Nails at Home" (https://www.allure.com/story/how-to-remove-dip-nails) . Allure . Retrieved 12 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Newman, Marian (3 April 2017). The Complete Nail Technician . Cengage Learning EMEA. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1844801398 . ^ a b c Sciacca, Noelle. "The Nail Files" (https://mashable.com/2016/01/14/fingernail-history/) . Mashable . Retrieved 18 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Zorn, Marc (25 August 2014). "Who Invented Acrylic Nails" (https://visionlaunch.com/who-invented-acrylic-nails/) . Vision Launch Media . Retrieved 10 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Acrylics Then and Now" (https://otcbeautymagazine.com/acrylics-then-and-now/) . OTC Beauty Magazine . 1 March 2016 . Retrieved 13 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Hedderwick, Sara A. (2000). "Pathogenic Organisms Associated With Artificial Fingernails Worn by Healthcare Workers" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1086/501794.pdf) (PDF) . Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology . 21 (8): 505–509. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1086/501794 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F501794) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 10.1086/501794 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/501794) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 10968715 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10968715) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 2153757 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2153757) . Retrieved 7 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Preventing infections when visiting the nail salon or tattoo parlor" (https://apic.org/monthly_alerts/preventing-infections-when-visiting-the-nail-salon-or-tattoo-parlor/) . APIC . Retrieved 12 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Uniforms and workwear: guidance for NHS employers" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Uniforms-and-Workwear-Guidance-2-April-2020.pdf) (PDF) . NHS England. 2 April 2020. Good practice – evidence-based [...]Have clean, short,unvarnished fingernails.[...]Poor practice – evidence-based[...]Wear false nails during patient care activity. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Guidance on hygiene and safety in the food retail sector" (https://www.fao.org/3/i3986e/i3986e.pdf) (PDF) . Food and Agriculture Organization . Retrieved 27 April 2023 . While working in areas where exposed food is handled, personnel should maintain a high degree of personal cleanliness and should wear a clean uniform and head gear/cap and wash hands regularly. [...] Nails should be trimmed, kept clean and without nail polish. ^ (#cite_ref-nioshpub_23-0) "CDC – NIOSH Publications and Products – Controlling Chemical Hazards During the Application of Artificial Fingernails" (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-112/) . NIOSH . Retrieved 6 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-oshalist_24-0) "Health Hazards in Nail Salons – Chemical Hazards" (http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/nailsalons/chemicalhazards.html) . OSHA . Retrieved 6 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt_25-0) "At Some Nail Salons, Feeling Pretty and Green" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/us/11nails.html?_r=1&) . The New York Times . Retrieved 6 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-nioshtopic_26-0) "CDC – Nail Technicians' Health and Workplace Exposure Control – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic" (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/manicure/) . NIOSH . Retrieved 6 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-fda_27-0) "Product Information, Nail Care Products" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090606162002/http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/ProductInformation/ucm127068.htm) . U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original (https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/ProductInformation/ucm127068.htm) on 6 June 2009. ^ a b Symington, Jan (2006). "Salon management". Australian nail technology . Croydon, Victoria, Australia: Tertiary Press. p. 11. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0864585985 . ^ (#cite_ref-MMAcosmetologyban_29-0) "The Methacrylate Producers Association's Position on the Use of Methacrylic Acid and Unreacted Methacrylic Monomers Liquid Form in Artificial Nail Products" (http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1405676/22020353/1361810987690/artificial_nails2.pdf?token=RVAp9IhjiKTwYatLr3EKnTSzkMU%3D) (PDF) . Methacrylic Producers Association . Retrieved 14 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Moore, Booth (28 January 2000). "Pointing a Finger at Discount Nail Salons" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jan-28-mn-58584-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 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Women's handbag by Christian Dior Lady Dior Type Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Inventor Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) Inception 1994 ( 1994 ) Manufacturer Christian Dior SE (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) Available Yes Website https://www.dior.com/en_us/fashion/womens-fashion/bags/handbags?collection_filter=Lady%20Dior (https://www.dior.com/en_us/fashion/womens-fashion/bags/handbags?collection_filter=Lady%20Dior) Lady Dior is a commercial name given to a handbag by the Christian Dior company (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) in honor of Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . It was designed by Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) in 1994 under the name Chouchou , and was later renamed as Princesse before being renamed as Lady Dior . French actress Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) was the ambassador of Lady Dior for nine years, from 2008 to 2017, even designing her own handbag for the brand in 2012. History [ edit ] In 1995, [1] (#cite_note-inspir2011-1) [2] (#cite_note-busi-2) Bernadette Chirac (/wiki/Bernadette_Chirac) wished to give the Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) , a unique handbag on the occasion of her visit to Paris. When France's first lady contacted Dior in her search for such a bag, the House offered her a model designed by Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) in 1994, [3] (#cite_note-3) unofficially named Chouchou ("favorite" in French) at the time. [4] (#cite_note-MaFigImages-4) It was officially renamed as Princesse in the short term. [1] (#cite_note-inspir2011-1) The bag, black in color, was presented to the former Lady Diana at the inauguration of the Cézanne [5] (#cite_note-icone-5) [N 1] (#cite_note-8) exhibition at the Grand Palais. It was often photographed [5] (#cite_note-icone-5) [8] (#cite_note-9) carried by Diana at public events: [2] (#cite_note-busi-2) she had it with her in Birmingham during an official visit; again a few weeks later during a stay in Argentina; [9] (#cite_note-10) then on several further occasions. [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-12) Her accessories also signified true appreciation of luxury, beyond expected brands to be worn by a British princess, and her personal relationships with the world's most prestigious houses. [12] (#cite_note-13) It was soon being described as "iconic", [5] (#cite_note-icone-5) and "legendary", and was launched in larger series, with its name changed to Lady Dior. [1] (#cite_note-inspir2011-1) [4] (#cite_note-MaFigImages-4) Two hundred thousand models were sold in two years [13] (#cite_note-14) and Dior's leather goods turnover increased tenfold. [14] (#cite_note-15) The bag in turn gave its name to a watch in 1999 and inspired a makeup product by Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) . [15] (#cite_note-16) [16] (#cite_note-17) Characteristics [ edit ] Lady Dior is a handbag that adopts Dior's graphic codes and is generally decorated with a cannage (/w/index.php?title=Cannage&action=edit&redlink=1) [N 2] (#cite_note-21) (caning) motif inspired by two items of furniture found in Dior's private mansion on Avenue Montaigne since 19473: the Napoléon III (/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III) chairs on which the couturier seated the guests at his runway shows, and the back of a neo-Louis XVI medallion armchair Louis XV (/wiki/Louis_XV) . [20] (#cite_note-22) The bag is composed of one hundred and forty four pieces in total [4] (#cite_note-MaFigImages-4) and is rectangular and rigid, with the four gold- or silver-tone D-I-O-R letters and the Dior logo suspended from the handle as charms. It is available in different materials featuring various techniques (leather, velvet, microfiber (/wiki/Microfiber) , satin, denim, python, crocodile, tweed, jacquard, etc.), and in several sizes. [1] (#cite_note-inspir2011-1) An iteration of the bag called Lady D-Lite was introduced by the fashion house in 2019, which features a reversible and removable shoulder strap. [21] (#cite_note-23) It was notably carried by Diana's daughter-in-law, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) , at an event in 2021. [22] (#cite_note-24) Advertising [ edit ] Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) was the face of the Lady Dior handbag from 2008 to 2017. Chosen by designer John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , [23] (#cite_note-strategies2009-25) French actress Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) became the face of Lady Dior in 2008, [24] (#cite_note-26) [1] (#cite_note-inspir2011-1) a role she played until 2017. [25] (#cite_note-wwd-27) In addition to multiple publications in the press photos by Peter Lindbergh (/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh) , Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) , Tim Walker (/wiki/Tim_Walker) and Jean-Baptiste Mondino (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Mondino) , [26] (#cite_note-28) Cotillard starred in several short film commercials, mainly intended to be released on the internet. [27] (#cite_note-29) The first was The Lady Noire Affair , directed by Olivier Dahan (/wiki/Olivier_Dahan) , [28] (#cite_note-MaFig2011-30) followed by Lady Rouge by Jonas Åkerlund (/wiki/Jonas_%C3%85kerlund) . [29] (#cite_note-ladyrouge-31) The latter followed a series of photos by Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) . [29] (#cite_note-ladyrouge-31) Next came Lady Blue Shanghai (/wiki/Lady_Blue_Shanghai) , a sixteen-minute film directed by David Lynch (/wiki/David_Lynch) . [30] (#cite_note-32) Two more films were directed by John Cameron Mitchell (/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell) in 2011; Lady Grey London , [31] (#cite_note-33) a seven-minute silent film (/wiki/Silent_film) co-starring Ian McKellen (/wiki/Ian_McKellen) , [32] (#cite_note-34) and L.A.dy Dior . [33] (#cite_note-35) Cotillard recalled, "I suggested this director [Mitchell] to Dior. They didn't know him, but they haven't wanted to let him go since!" [34] (#cite_note-vog929-36) The CEO of Christian Dior Couture, Sidney Toledano (/wiki/Sidney_Toledano) , said of these short films that the "strategic objective is to make people dream by telling beautiful stories". [23] (#cite_note-strategies2009-25) In 2012, Cotillard starred in the web-series Lady Dior Web Documentary , and wrote and performed the song "Lily's Body" for one episode. She also designed her own handbag for Lady Dior, the "360° bag". [35] (#cite_note-37) In 2014, Cotillard wrote and co-directed alongside Eliott Bliss, [36] (#cite_note-38) a music video for her song "Snapshot in LA", especially for Lady Dior's campaign "Enter The Game – Dior Cuise 2015". [37] (#cite_note-39) [38] (#cite_note-40) Exhibition [ edit ] Organized by Dior, a touring exhibition six years in the making [39] (#cite_note-MaFig2012-41) and entitled Lady Dior As Seen By traveled to China, [40] (#cite_note-wallpap-42) Japan, [39] (#cite_note-MaFig2012-41) Italy, [40] (#cite_note-wallpap-42) [41] (#cite_note-43) and Brazil from 2012 onwards. It presented over a hundred works by photographers – the likes of Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) , Bruce Weber (/wiki/Bruce_Weber_(photographer)) and Ellen Von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_Von_Unwerth) [42] (#cite_note-44) – visual artists, sculptors, designers and painters, [5] (#cite_note-icone-5) all inspired by the Lady Dior bag. As all the collaboration with famous artists, Lady Dior has been seen as the bond of art and fashion. [43] (#cite_note-45) In popular culture [ edit ] In 2022, the bag was featured in the season five of the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) series The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) carried by actress Elizabeth Debicki (/wiki/Elizabeth_Debicki) , who portrayed Princess Diana (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . [44] (#cite_note-46) Celebrity ambassadors [ edit ] Carla Bruni (/wiki/Carla_Bruni) (1996) [45] (#cite_note-47) Monica Bellucci (/wiki/Monica_Bellucci) (2006–2007) [46] (#cite_note-48) Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) (2008–2017) [47] (#cite_note-49) [25] (#cite_note-wwd-27) See also [ edit ] Diorissimo (/wiki/Diorissimo) Notes and references [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) In 1995, the Cézanne exhibition in Paris was partly financed by LVMH - Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton (/wiki/LVMH_-_Mo%C3%ABt_Hennessy_Louis_Vuitton) , a subsidiary of the Christian Dior holding company. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Caning is a recurring decorative element at Dior; it is found on the Lady Dior, but also on jewelry or on the facade of the Dior building in Japan. [17] (#cite_note-18) [18] (#cite_note-19) [19] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bongrand, Caroline; Müller, Florence (/w/index.php?title=Florence_M%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1) (April 2011), "Lady Dior", Inspiration Dior (in French), Paris: Éditions de La Martinière, pp. 220–227, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-7324-4623-3 , Inspi2011, L'épouse du président de la République française, Bernadette Chirac, souhaitait offrir à la princesse Diana un sac exceptionnel, différent de tout ce que l'on voyait alors. […] Lady Diana […] s'en empara avec la plus grande joie, pour ne plus le quitter. […] Lady Diana […] emporte partout son Lady Dior, le faisant, dès sa naissance, entrer dans le panthéon des classiques. ^ Jump up to: a b "Clutch a piece of history" (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-smartbuy/clutch-a-piece-of-history/article4310596.ece) . The Hindu Business Line . Luxury & Fashion. 16 January 2013 . Retrieved 18 January 2013 . The story behind the Lady Dior bag is the closest we'll get to a real life fairytale – after all, it involves a princess! Apparently, in 1995, France's then First Lady Bernadette Chirac, gifted Lady Diana with the latest creation from the House of Dior. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Clark, Rebekah. "Did you know the Lady Dior bag once had a different name?" (https://graziamagazine.com/articles/history-lady-dior-pop-up/) . Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) . Retrieved 13 June 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Jérôme Hanover (4 March 2011). Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (ed.). "Le secret des grandes griffes: un sac de lady" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/secret-grandes-griffes-sac-de-lady-12660) . madame.lefigaro.fr . Style (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Le Lady Dior est depuis dix ans un indétrônable best-seller de la maison de l'avenue Montaigne. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bénédicte Épinay (8 June 2012). Groupe Les Échos (ed.). "Dior Arty" (http://archives.lesechos.fr/archives/2012/SerieLimitee/00110-029-SLI.htm) . Les Échos (/wiki/Les_Echos_(France)) . Série Limitée (in French). p. 42 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Le Lady Dior, le sac iconique de la maison éponyme créé en 1995. […] Jamais sac n'aura été autant photographié au bras de sa royale propriétaire. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Patrick De Jacquelot (29 September 1995). Groupe Les Échos (ed.). "Exposition Cézanne: grand peintre, big business" (http://www.lesechos.fr/29/09/1995/LesEchos/16993-118-ECH_exposition-cezanne--grand-peintre--big-business.htm) . Les Échos (/wiki/Les_Echos_(France)) (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Aux entrées payées par les visiteurs vient s'ajouter une autre source importante de financement: le mécénat. L'exposition Cézanne bénéficie du soutien du groupe LVMH. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Monréal, Guy (1995). Éditions Jalou (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Jalou&action=edit&redlink=1) (ed.). "Grâce à LVMH,la princesse de Galles visite l'exposition Cézanne". L'Officiel de la Couture et de la Mode de Paris (in French) (801). L'Officiel Paris: 80. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0030-0403 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-0403) . Rude journée pour la princesse de Galles : après avoir pris le thé à l'Élysée avec Mme Jacques Chirac, elle inaugurait, en compagnie du couple présidentiel et de M. et Mme Bernard Arnault, l'exposition Cézanne réalisée au Grand-palais grâce au soutien de LVMH et de Christian Dior. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Yan Bernard-Guilbaud (30 August 2012). "Diana, princesse et icône mode" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120905192602/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/diana-princesse-icone-mode-310812-275288?page=21#ancre) . Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) . Style (in French). Archived from the original (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/diana-princesse-icone-mode-310812-275288?page=21#ancre) on 5 September 2012 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Un cadeau qui restera dans les mémoires de la mode : le premier Lady Dior, sac devenu iconique. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kostova, Yanita; Grgona, Natalia. Luxos Italia (ed.). "Lady Dior, the legendary bag" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130415071724/http://www.luxos.com/magazine/lady-dior-the-legendary-bag) . luxos.com . Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.luxos.com/magazine/lady-dior-the-legendary-bag) on 15 April 2013 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . During her visit […] in Birmingham, Princess Diana was photographed sporting the bag by the worldwide press […]. A few weeks later in Argentina, during an official visit, she once again was snapped holding her favourite bag. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Schwarm, Barbara (February 1996). Éditions Jalou (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Jalou&action=edit&redlink=1) (ed.). "Méli mélo". L'Officiel (in French) (802). L'Officiel Paris: 70. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0030-0403 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-0403) . Un sac pour Lady Di ! La Princesse Grace ne sera pas la seule à en avoir un à son nom. Gianni Versace y a pensé et vient d'en dédicacer un à la Princesse de Galles, qui s'appellera 'le Lady Di', en forme de boîte carrée un peu comme celui qu'elle porte partout en ce moment, cadeau de Mme Chirac. Un modèle matelassé de Dior, à deux anses et pampilles-initiales. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Photo 1 (http://www.puretrend.com/media/offert-par-bernadette-chirac-alors_m488669) sur puretrend.com, Photo 2 (http://www.puretrend.com/media/lady-diana_m202709) sur puretrend.com, Photo 3 (http://www.puretrend.com/media/le-cas-du-sac-lady-di-lady-diana-ne_m424631) sur puretrend.com, Photo 4 (http://www.purepeople.com/media/la-princesse-diana-a-londres-avec-le_m529267) sur purepeople.com, Photo 5 (http://www.glamourparis.com/people/glamourama/diaporama/les-looks-des-first-ladies-de-l-histoire/2152/image/284071) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232845/http://www.glamourparis.com/people/glamourama/diaporama/les-looks-des-first-ladies-de-l-histoire/2152/image/284071) 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) sur glamourparis.com ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Princess Diana's Beloved Lady Dior Bag Was Originally Called The Chouchou" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/princess-diana-lady-dior-bag) . British Vogue . 2021-09-12 . Retrieved 2021-11-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Lionel Steinmann (9 October 1997). L'Expansion (/wiki/L%27Expansion) (ed.). "Dior vend mieux en direct" (http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/economie/mode-dior-vend-mieux-en-direct_8531.html) . lexpansion.lexpress.fr . Économie . Retrieved 18 January 2013 . Le petit sac matelassé baptisé Lady Dior […] a dépassé les 200 000 exemplaires depuis son lancement. [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-15) Schwarm, Barbara (1996). Éditions Jalou (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Jalou&action=edit&redlink=1) (ed.). "Méli mélo". L'Officiel (in French) (808). L'Officiel Paris: 80. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0030-0403 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-0403) . Depuis le mois de novembre 1995, le chiffre de ventes de la maroquinerie de Christian Dior a été multiplié par dix, et cela uniquement à cause du modèle 'Lady Dior'. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Prisma Media (/w/index.php?title=Prisma_Media&action=edit&redlink=1) , ed. (13 June 2011). "Une édition limitée en hommage au sac Lady Dior" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121209054543/http://www.beaute-addict.com/actualites-beaute/une-edition-limitee-en-hommage-au-sac-lady-dior-2540.php) . beaute-addict.com . News (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.beaute-addict.com/actualites-beaute/une-edition-limitee-en-hommage-au-sac-lady-dior-2540.php) on 9 December 2012 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Aujourd'hui, c'est une palette de fards pour les yeux proposée en édition limitée et numérotée qui s'inspire de cet accessoire emblématique. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Éditions Larivière (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ditions_Larivi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1) , ed. (8 January 2009). "Lady make-up" (http://www.fashion-dailynews.com/beaute/ladymakeup.html) . fashion-dailynews.com . Beauté . Retrieved 18 January 2013 . Dior lance cet adorable poudrier reproduisant à l'exact le mythique sac Lady. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Yves Mirande (25 May 2012). Groupe Les Échos (ed.). "Détails de luxe" (http://archives.lesechos.fr/archives/2012/SerieLimitee/00109-016-SLI.htm) . Les Échos (/wiki/Les_Echos_(France)) . Série Limitée (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Chez Christian Dior, le cannage traverse l'histoire de la maison : au 30, avenue Montaigne, les régiments de chaises dorées à cannage Napoléon III ont accueilli les élégantes dès le premier défilé. C'est ainsi que le motif fut introduit dans la maison. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Charlotte Brunel (13 October 2009). L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) (ed.). "Le sac Granville, nouveau-né de Christian Dior" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/le-sac-granville-nouveau-ne-de-christian-dior_794075.html) . lexpress.fr . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Très vite, le cannage que l'on trouve sur les chaises dorées des salons devient un motif iconique. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Schwarm, Barbara (1996). "Méli mélo". L'Officiel (in French) (803). L'Officiel Paris: 62. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0030-0403 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0030-0403) . Le motif 'cannage' de Dior, dont l'origine vient des chaises cannelées que Christian Dior lui-même utilisait les jours de défilé haute couture. Le sac cannage a déjà fait du chemin cet hiver et il fera des kilomètres ce printemps en cuir verni, en agneau ou en satin, dans des tons acidulés rosé, turquoise ou en beige et blanc, en micro- sac ou en vanity-case. Le modèle vedette s'appelle le 'Lady Dior'. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Francine Rivaud (20 January 2012). "Pourquoi Dior est éternel" (http://www.challenges.fr/luxe/20120119.CHA9255/pourquoi-dior-est-eternel.html) (in French). Challenges. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Beard, Lanford (27 September 2021). "Meghan Markle Carried the Memory of Princess Diana During Her Global Citizen Appearance with Prince Harry" (https://people.com/royals/meghan-markle-princess-diana-dior-lady-dlite-handbag/) . People . Retrieved 28 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Brown, Georgia (26 September 2021). "Meghan Markle pays tribute to Princess Diana with special outfit detail" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/royal-style/20210926122582/meghan-markle-wears-princess-diana-handbag/) . Hello! . Retrieved 28 September 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cathy Leitus (14 May 2009). Stratégies (/w/index.php?title=Strat%C3%A9gies&action=edit&redlink=1) (ed.). "Dior vide son sac" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120101131222/http://www.strategies.fr/actualites/marques/116982W/dior-vide-son-sac.html) . strategies.fr . Marques (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.strategies.fr/actualites/marques/116982W/dior-vide-son-sac.html) on 1 January 2012 . Retrieved 18 January 2013 . Pour porter la communication du sac Lady Dior, John [Galliano] a pensé à Marion Cotillard. […] Derrière l'objectif de notoriété et de vente […], Dior compte renforcer la relation directe avec ses clientes ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Naissance d'un mythe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141207074612/http://www.dior.com/magazine/fr_fr/News/naissance-d-un-mythe) (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.dior.com/magazine/fr_fr/News/naissance-d-un-mythe) on 2014-12-07. ^ Jump up to: a b "2017 Cannes Film Festival: Marion Cotillard on Supporting Young Designers" (https://wwd.com/eye/people/2017-cannes-film-festival-marion-cotillard-supporting-young-designers-10894159/) . WWD . May 24, 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111034/https://wwd.com/eye/people/2017-cannes-film-festival-marion-cotillard-supporting-young-designers-10894159/) from the original on 9 January 2019 . Retrieved January 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Raphaëlle Orsini (26 October 2012). Mondadori France (/w/index.php?title=Mondadori_France&action=edit&redlink=1) (ed.). "Marion Cotillard incarne Lady Hampton pour Dior" (http://www.grazia.fr/mode/news/marion-cotillard-incarne-lady-hampton-pour-dior-498585) . grazia.fr . Mode (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Marion Cotillard incarne désormais Lady Hampton […] pour une campagne de pub shootée par le célèbre photographe Jean-Baptiste Mondino. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Le cinéma au secours des marques ?" (http://next.liberation.fr/mode/2012/11/02/le-cinema-au-secours-des-marques_845834) . Libération (/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration) . Mode (in French). 2 November 2012 . Retrieved 18 January 2013 . Ainsi, Dior a produit une série de courts-métrages, Lady Dior, et fait appel à David Lynch, Olivier Dahan ou plus récemment John Cameron Mitchell. ^ (#cite_ref-MaFig2011_30-0) Marion Dupuis (4 March 2011). Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (ed.). "La saga du Lady Dior se poursuit sur Internet" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/saga-lady-dior-poursuit-sur-internet-15632) . Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Le sac icône porté par Marion Cotillard est le héros d'une campagne cinématographique sur Internet. ^ Jump up to: a b Jennifer Neyt (8 August 2009). Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) (ed.). "Marion Cotillard est "Lady Rouge" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141115031209/http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/marion-cotillard-est-lady-rouge/4589) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141115031209/http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/marion-cotillard-est-lady-rouge/4589) . vogue.fr . Mode (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/marion-cotillard-est-lady-rouge/4589) on 15 November 2014 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Après une première campagne réalisée par Peter Lindbergh […], Marion Cotillard réinterprète le rôle de Lady Dior pour une nouvelle publicité signée Annie Leibovitz. ^ (#cite_ref-32) SunHee Grinnell (26 May 2010). Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) (ed.). "Dior's Lady Blue Shanghai, Chapter 3" (http://www.vanityfair.com/online/beauty/2010/05/diors-lady-blue-shanghai-chapter-3) . vanityfair.com . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . Directed by David Lynch, the third installment of the Lady Dior online handbag saga is a highly stylized and mysterious short film. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Élodie Mandel (7 December 2010). "Marion Cotillard mystérieuse dans Lady Grey" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120627110842/http://www.plurielles.fr/mode/mode-stars/marion-cotillard-mysterieuse-dans-lady-grey-6178038-402.html) . Plurielles . Mode (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.plurielles.fr/mode/mode-stars/marion-cotillard-mysterieuse-dans-lady-grey-6178038-402.html) on 27 June 2012 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . L'actrice française s'envole pour Londres dans une campagne réalisée par John Cameron Mitchell et intitulée "Lady Grey London". ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Marion Cotillard in "Lady Grey London" – The Film" (https://www.luxuo.com/style/luxury-accessories/lady-grey-london-the-film.html) . luxuo.com . 8 December 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Duberman, Amanda (12 December 2011). "L.A.dy Dior is a Tease" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/lady-dior) . Interview Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-vog929_36-0) Sabas, Carolle (August 2012). "Belle étoile". Vogue Paris (in French) (929). Mario Sorrenti (/wiki/Mario_Sorrenti) (photographs): 206. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0750-3628 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0750-3628) . L'aventure chez Dior, c'est aussi qu'ils ont fait mon éducation mode, ils m'ont éveillée à un monde que j'ignorais, à commencer par une vraie fascination pour Monsieur Christian Dior. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Marion Cotillard to Design Bag for Christian Dior" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103819/http://www.designntrend.com/articles/2902/20121227/marion-cotillard-design-bag-christian-dior-french.htm) . designntrend.com . 27 December 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.designntrend.com/articles/2902/20121227/marion-cotillard-design-bag-christian-dior-french.htm) on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 30 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Marion Cotillard co-directs short film for Dior in France with Bliss Inc" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161110105839/http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2015/01/ng-commercial-marion-cotillard-co-directs-short-film-for-dior-in-france-with-bliss-inc/) . The Location Guide . 5 January 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2015/01/ng-commercial-marion-cotillard-co-directs-short-film-for-dior-in-france-with-bliss-inc/) on 10 November 2016 . Retrieved 9 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Enter the Game – Marion Cotillard – "Snapshot in LA" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXEbtqU_dHs) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXEbtqU_dHs) . YouTube . 19 November 2014 . Retrieved 30 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Behind The Scene "Enter the game" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVpZPSPlnKs) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVpZPSPlnKs) . YouTube . 17 April 2015 . Retrieved 9 November 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Frédéric Martin-Bernard (25 April 2012). Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (ed.). "Le Lady Dior érigé en œuvres d'art" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/lady-dior-erige-oeuvres-dart-260412-229330) . madame.lefigaro.fr . Style (in French) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . La maison française a dévoilé quelque quatre-vingts photos et sculptures réalisées par des artistes autour de son sac emblématique. ^ Jump up to: a b J.J. Martin (11 October 2012). Wallpaper* (/wiki/Wallpaper*) (ed.). " (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/lady-dior-as-seen-by-exhibition-at-triennale-di-milano/6119) 'Lady Dior As Seen By' exhibition at Triennale di Milano" (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/lady-dior-as-seen-by-exhibition-at-triennale-di-milano/6119) . wallpaper.com . Fashion . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . For a project that was born two years ago in Shanghai and has subsequently stopped in Beijing and Tokyo. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Marta Casadei (10 November 2012). Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) (ed.). "Lady Dior alla Triennale" (http://www.vogue.it/sfilate/fashion-events/2012/10/lady-dior-as-seen-by-evento) . vogue.it . Shows (in Italian) . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . L'iconica borsa, amata da tutte le grandi donne del fashion system e non è stata reintepretata da artisti. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Eugénie Trochu (9 January 2012). Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) (ed.). "Le mini-site Lady Dior As Seen By" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120113100125/http://www.vogue.fr/mode/en-vogue/diaporama/experiences-digitales-6/6847/image/460500) . vogue.fr . Expériences digitales (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/en-vogue/diaporama/experiences-digitales-6/6847/image/460500) on 13 January 2012 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . La maison Dior a imaginé un mini-site en hommage au mythique sac Lady Dior. ^ (#cite_ref-45) "The Lady Dior As Seen By is a true marriage of art and fashion" (http://thefashionabletruth.com/dior-born-artistic-disposition/) . The Fashionable Truth . 2014-09-01 . Retrieved 2020-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Newbold, Alice (11 November 2022). "Princess Diana's Beloved Lady Dior Bag Was Originally Called The Chouchou" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/princess-diana-lady-dior-bag) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Iconic bags – Lady Dior" (http://trendissimo.pl/iconic-bags-lady-dior-2/) . Trendissimo . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161020172722/http://trendissimo.pl/iconic-bags-lady-dior-2/) from the original on 20 October 2016 . Retrieved 20 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Advertising Campaigns > Dior" (http://la-bellucci.ru/gallery/index.php?cat=80) . La Bellucci . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161020115126/http://la-bellucci.ru/gallery/index.php?cat=80) from the original on 20 October 2016 . Retrieved 20 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Marion Cotillard's Next Role: Dior Bag Lady" (http://people.com/style/marion-cotillards-next-role-dior-bag-lady/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . 28 October 2008. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170110235600/http://people.com/style/marion-cotillards-next-role-dior-bag-lady/) from the original on 10 January 2017 . Retrieved 10 October 2016 . Further reading [ edit ] Skira (/wiki/Skira) , ed. (2013), Lady Dior As Seen As , Skira Editore, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-572-1487-0 Catherine Örmen (November 2013), "Le Lady Dior", in Larousse (/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse) (ed.), Dior for ever , Les documents de l'Histoire (in French), pp. 102 à 105, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-03-589360-4 External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.dior.com/en_us/fashion/womens-fashion/bags/handbags?collection_filter=Lady%20Dior) Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) , ed. (4 March 2011). "Le secret des grandes griffes: un sac de lady" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/feminin/diaporama-091210-12658?page=0) . madame.lefigaro.fr . Diaporama . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . [ permanent dead link ] "Must have - Lady Dior bag" (http://jadorefashionlove.blogspot.fr/2012/02/must-have-lady-dior-bag.html) . jadorefashionlove.blogspot.fr . 24 February 2012 . 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Fashion business based in the French Riviera (1918-2001) J. Tiktiner (pronounced TICK-ta-neer [1] (#cite_note-mildred-1) ) was a family-owned and run fashion business based in the French Riviera (/wiki/French_Riviera) . The company was founded by Dina Tiktiner Viterbo (1918-2001) in Nice (/wiki/Nice) in 1948-49, using her maiden name. [2] (#cite_note-martin-2) [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) She ran the business along with her husband Henri Viterbo (1920-2008 [4] (#cite_note-4) ) and their three daughters, Miquette, Vivian and Daisy. [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) Each family member had a different responsibility in the business, with Dina and Vivian acting as the designers for the brand, developing the vibrant colours and prints intended to echo the themes of the Côte d'Azur as well as creating the garments and accessories. [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) As President of the Fédération Française du Vêtement (French Clothing Federation), Henri Viterbo regularly promoted French fashion abroad (including Tiktiner) and also took responsibility for Tiktiner's business dealings. [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) The youngest daughter, Daisy, acted as a technician for the firm, while the eldest daughter, Miquette, was an international attorney who managed the American interests. [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) Miquette's husband was Mort Schrader, son of the successful American ready-to-wear fashion manufacturer Abe Schrader, [3] (#cite_note-ASN-3) and by 1984, she had become the president of Tiktiner. [6] (#cite_note-6) By 1957, Tiktiner was being noticed for its skimpy swimwear designs, particularly string bikinis (/wiki/Bikini) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and were described as a leading pacesetter the following year. [8] (#cite_note-noel-8) They did not only design swimwear and warm-weather resort wear, but provided layered knits, coats, and après-ski looks appropriate for colder weather. [8] (#cite_note-noel-8) [2] (#cite_note-martin-2) in 1968 the label was highly regarded for its "well-bred taste", high quality designs and construction, and swimsuit cover-ups that doubled as dresses for town wear. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1972, Tiktiner was so highly regarded as the "crème de la crème of cruisewear" that the London department store Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) opened a boutique in the French section of their establishment exclusively dedicated to selling Tiktiner designs. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1975, it was noted that Tiktiner signature designs included two- and three-piece coordinated ensembles, and that the clothes were considered high quality and had couture-level pricing that reflected this. [1] (#cite_note-mildred-1) In 1980, Dina Viterbo continued being recognised for her skill with designing separates for sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) , such as jackets and skirts that could be worn together or separately to suit a wide range of occasions. [11] (#cite_note-11) This focus on tailored sportswear separates, knitwear and basic colours was summarised by Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) as the "Tiktiner look" in 2002. [2] (#cite_note-martin-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b Whiteaker, Mildred (31 August 1975). "Fashion Fiesta" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-aug-31-1975-3146332/) . San Antonio Express-News . ^ a b c Martin, Richard; Benbow-Pfalzgraf, Taryn (2002). Contemporary Fashion . St. James Press. p. 651. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55862-348-4 . ^ a b c d e f Staff writer (8 August 1976). "Fashions to Show" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-aug-08-1976-3146159/) . Amarillo Sunday News Globe . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Henri Viterbo at MyHeritage.com" (https://www.myheritage.com/names/henri_viterbo) . www.myheritage.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bianchini, Roger-Louis (1 November 2001). "Une affaire de familles" (https://www.lexpress.fr/region/une-affaire-de-familles_481077.html) . LExpress.fr (in French). ^ (#cite_ref-6) Staff writer (1984). The New York Times Magazine . New York Times. p. 27. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Staff writer (27 February 1957). "Briefer Bikini is Riviera Hit this Season" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-feb-27-1957-3146264) . Racine Journal Times . ^ a b Noel, Lucie (19 July 1958). "Riviera Designers Make Own Laws for Sportswear" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jul-19-1958-3146269/) . Winnipeg Free Press . ^ (#cite_ref-9) de la Fontaine, Yvette (30 May 1968). "Summer Vacation Clothes ... French Riviera" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-may-30-1968-3146300) . Phoenix Arizona Republic . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Adburgham, Alison (/wiki/Alison_Adburgham) (28 March 1972). "Ship shapes" (https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2014/mar/27/fashion-what-to-wear-on-a-cruise) . The Guardian . (Original article here (https://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/3/25/1395769906059/shipshape-001.jpg) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dauman, Deborah (12 September 1980). "Falls Sportswear - The Shape of Things To Come" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-sep-12-1980-3146325/) . DuBois Courier-Express . Copley News Service. 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Tootal Product type Scarves (/wiki/Scarves) , ties (/wiki/Necktie) , fabrics, accessories Owner Coats Viyella (/wiki/Coats_Viyella) Country United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Introduced 1799 ( 1799 ) Markets Worldwide Previous owners Robert Gardner (1799) Tootal Broadhurst Lee (1842) Tootal Ltd. (1973) Tootal Group plc (1985) Website tootal (http://tootal.co.uk/) .co (http://tootal.co.uk/) .uk (http://tootal.co.uk/) Tootal is a brand name for a range of British ties (/wiki/Necktie) , scarves (/wiki/Scarves) and other garments. The brand is now owned by Coats Viyella (/wiki/Coats_Viyella) . It originates from a textile spinning and manufacturing company established in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) in 1799, which later became Tootal Broadhurst Lee , and subsequently Tootal Ltd. The company held patents (/wiki/Patent) in crease-resistant fabric. History [ edit ] The firm identifies its origins in a company founded in Manchester in 1799 by textile merchant Robert Gardner. The Tootal family, who resided in Wakefield (/wiki/Wakefield) , Yorkshire (/wiki/Yorkshire) , became involved in the company in the early nineteenth century. Sarah Tootal married Daniel Broadhurst in 1811, and their son Henry Tootal Broadhurst (1822-1896) – the brother of Charles Edward Broadhurst (/wiki/Charles_Edward_Broadhurst) and brother-in-law of Sir Joseph Whitworth (/wiki/Joseph_Whitworth) – established a business partnership in Manchester in 1842 with Edward Tootal and Henry Lee (/wiki/Henry_Lee_(Southampton_MP)) , [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) who had worked in Gardner's cotton goods warehouse. [2] (#cite_note-weaste-2) The partnership opened the Sunnybank cotton spinning and weaving mills, [2] (#cite_note-weaste-2) and became the largest manufacturer of hand looms (/wiki/Hand_loom) in Blackburn (/wiki/Blackburn) , but the partnership was dissolved in 1860. The firm then developed the manufacture of fancy cloths, using steam-powered looms (/wiki/Power_loom) in place of hand looms, and acquired mills at Bolton (/wiki/Bolton) and Newton Heath (/wiki/Newton_Heath) for their manufacture. In the 1860s, Henry Tootal Broadhurst, Henry and Joseph Lee, and Robert Scott, were business partners who formed a limited company (/wiki/Limited_company) , Tootal Broadhurst Lee, marketing their goods under the name Tootal. [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) The company was notable for its vertical integration (/wiki/Vertical_integration) , combining both spinning (/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)) and weaving (/wiki/Weaving) activities, and for its marketing (/wiki/Marketing) network which included offices and warehouses in Bradford (/wiki/Bradford) , Belfast (/wiki/Belfast) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) , and national and international agencies promoting their goods. [3] (#cite_note-3) By 1888, when the joint stock company (/wiki/Joint_stock_company) Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee and Company Ltd. was formed, the firm employed some 5,000 workers and operated 172,000 spindles (/wiki/Spindle_(textiles)) and 3,500 looms, making it one of the largest integrated cotton textile producing companies in Lancashire (/wiki/Lancashire) . Sir Joseph Cocksey Lee (1832-1894), the brother of Henry Lee MP and later an active promoter of the Manchester Ship Canal (/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal) , [4] (#cite_note-bm-4) became its chairman. At the same time, a separate company, the Lee Spinning Co., was also established. [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) In 1898, the company opened a large new brick-clad warehouse and office block, now known as Churchgate House (/wiki/Tootal,_Broadhurst_and_Lee_Building,_Manchester) , in Oxford Street (/wiki/Wilmslow_Road) , Manchester. The building, designed by Joseph Gibbons Sankey, is now a Grade II* listed building (/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_building) , [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) described as "a powerful monument to the entrepreneurialism of the Industrial Revolution and Victorian bombast." [7] (#cite_note-clife-7) Plans in the 1930s to build an adjoining warehouse which would have been the tallest building in Europe at the time were never completed. [7] (#cite_note-clife-7) Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee continued to develop in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and in 1907 Edward Tootal Broadhurst (/wiki/Edward_Tootal_Broadhurst) , the son of Henry Tootal Broadhurst, succeeded Harold Lee (the son of Henry Lee) as chairman. The company was an innovator in its promotion of brand names (/wiki/Brand_name) , and in selling its goods direct to retailers. [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) Though early in its history it specialised in cotton (/wiki/Cotton) fabrics, it later diversified into other yarns (/wiki/Yarn) including silk (/wiki/Silk) and rayon (/wiki/Rayon) . It developed a range of fabrics in a wide variety of patterns, including a velvet (/wiki/Velvet) marketed as "Tootal cloth", and "Tarantulle", used for lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) and baby wear (/wiki/Infant_clothing) , as well as focussing on products such as handkerchiefs (/wiki/Handkerchief) , scarves (/wiki/Scarves) and ties. The company provided neckerchiefs (/wiki/Neckerchief) and other items for soldiers in the Boer War (/wiki/Boer_War) . [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) A research department was established, and it was active in developing new innovations, such as crease-resistant fabrics. [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) In the early 1920s, it took out patents (/wiki/Patent) on urea-formaldehyde (/wiki/Urea-formaldehyde) resins (/wiki/Resin) to produce crease-resistant fabrics, and commercialised its patents by developing an international licensing programme, with successful agencies being granted the use of the Tebilized registered trade mark (/wiki/Registered_trade_mark) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) the company was noted for giving early guarantees that all their men returning after service would be reinstated in their old positions. [9] (#cite_note-9) By 1939, Tootal had branches throughout Britain and subsidiaries in Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, and New Zealand, as well as agencies throughout the world. The company participated in the 1947 British Industries Fair (/wiki/British_Industries_Fair) , and featured its "Lystav, Robia and Tobralco patented dress and furnishing fabrics, Pyramid men’s handkerchiefs and a bright display of Tootal ties and scarves." [7] (#cite_note-clife-7) New factories were opened in St Helens (/wiki/St_Helens,_Merseyside) in 1947, and in Devonport, Tasmania (/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania) , in 1952. In the 1960s, Tootal joined the English Sewing Cotton Co., and later the Calico Printers' Association (/wiki/Calico_Printers%27_Association) , becoming English Calico Ltd. which was renamed Tootal Ltd. in 1973. In 1985 it became Tootal Group plc (/wiki/Public_limited_company) , and in 1991 was acquired by Coats Viyella, which disposed of several of its subsidiaries. [1] (#cite_note-graces-1) In fashion [ edit ] Tootal scarves and ties in polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) , Paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) and other patterns are now regarded as iconic (/wiki/Cultural_icon) of the period between the 1920s and 1950s in Britain, when they were advertised widely with the slogan (/wiki/Slogan) : "Every Man Needs… Tootal Ties". [7] (#cite_note-clife-7) [10] (#cite_note-10) They were associated with the mod subculture (/wiki/Mod_subculture) in the 1960s, were again revived as fashion accessories in the 1980s and 2000s, and are now seen as emblematic of classic British men's fashion (/wiki/Men%27s_fashion) . [7] (#cite_note-clife-7) [11] (#cite_note-menswear-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co" (http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Tootal_Broadhurst_Lee_Co) . Grace's Guide to British Industrial History . Retrieved 12 August 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Biography: Henry Lee JP", (http://www.weasteheritagetrail.co.uk/salford-people/biographies/entry/henry-lee-jp.htm) Weaste Cemetery Heritage Trail . Retrieved 12 August 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stanley Chapman, (https://books.google.com/books?id=adHhYTIZyf0C&dq=tootal+broadhurst+lee&pg=PA200) Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I , Cambridge University Press, 2003, p.200 (https://books.google.com/books?id=adHhYTIZyf0C&dq=tootal+broadhurst+lee&pg=PA200) ^ (#cite_ref-bm_4-0) "head-piece / cloth - item 2009,8012.3", (https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3288332&partId=1) British Museum . Retrieved 12 August 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Tootal, Broadhurst and Lee Building, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester, (http://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-454851-tootal-broadhurst-and-lee-building-56-ma) British Listed Buildings . Retrieved 12 August 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Joseph Gibbons Sankey, (http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=207357) Dictionary of Scottish Architects . Retrieved 12 August 2016 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Matthew Dennison, "Tootal recall", (http://www.tootal.co.uk/download/countrylife.pdf) Country Life , 20 January 2016, pp.72-74 (http://www.tootal.co.uk/download/countrylife.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Heywood, D.W. (1995). Chemistry of the Textiles Industry . Springer Science & Business Media. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780751400540 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) John Hartley, (https://books.google.com/books?id=g_-1oMJsPCMC&dq=tootal+broadhurst+lee&pg=PA17) 6th Battalion, the Manchester Regiment in the Great War: Not a Rotter in the Lot , Casemate Publishers, 2010, p.17 (https://books.google.com/books?id=g_-1oMJsPCMC&dq=tootal+broadhurst+lee&pg=PA17) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Tootal - The Company History and its products (ties, scarves etc)", (http://www.thefedoralounge.com/threads/tootal-the-company-history-and-its-products-ties-scarves-etc.64730/) The Fedora Lounge . Retrieved 12 August 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-menswear_11-0) "Why the iconic Tootal scarf is so timeless", (http://www.menswearstyle.co.uk/2015/11/13/why-the-iconic-tootal-scarf-is-so-timeless-/4036) Menswear Style , 13 November 2015 (http://www.menswearstyle.co.uk/2015/11/13/why-the-iconic-tootal-scarf-is-so-timeless-/4036) . Retrieved 12 August 2016 External links [ edit ] Documents and clippings about Tootal (http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/022480) in the 20th Century Press Archives (/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives) of the ZBW (/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/213363847) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6ffd65f7b4‐qlgnt Cached time: 20240715054030 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.279 seconds Real time usage: 0.345 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 731/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10911/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 938/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20654/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3664891/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 314.775 1 -total 34.92% 109.927 1 Template:Reflist 27.82% 87.565 1 Template:Authority_control 26.78% 84.282 1 Template:Cite_web 23.08% 72.646 1 Template:Infobox_brand 21.86% 68.807 1 Template:Infobox 10.67% 33.574 1 Template:PM20 4.33% 13.632 1 Template:URL 2.64% 8.317 1 Template:Plainlist 2.31% 7.282 1 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49524896-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715054030 and revision id 1144548303. 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British fashion designer Giles Deacon Deacon photographed by Gautier Deblonde Born 1969 (age 54–55) [1] (#cite_note-GilesSecretLife-1) Darlington (/wiki/Darlington) , County Durham (/wiki/County_Durham) , England Labels Giles Deacon Couture GILES Partner Gwendoline Christie (/wiki/Gwendoline_Christie) (2013–present) Awards British Fashion Designer of the Year 2006 ANDAM Fashion Awards Grand Prix 2009 Giles David Deacon (born 14 December 1969) is a British fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) and Founder of Giles Deacon group, a fashion enterprise. Deacon joined the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) in 2016. Deacon has been known to challenge the traditional ideas of womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) and often uses wild prints and pop culture references in his designs. Deacon was employed by the fashion houses Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , before founding his own label, GILES, in 2003. He launched his first collection for GILES at the 2004 London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and was named "Best New Designer" at the British Fashion Awards. Deacon's designs have been met with critical acclaim and have sparked a renewed interest in London fashion. Having become one of the fashion industry's most fêted figures, Deacon was named British Fashion Designer of the Year in 2006 and was awarded the French ANDAM Fashion Award's Grand Prix in 2009. The designer was appointed creative director of French fashion house Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) in April 2010. Deacon retained the position until September 2011, when he and Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro#The_House_of_Emanuel_Ungaro) mutually decided to end their collaboration. Deacon launched his first couture collection in 2016 at Paris. Early life [ edit ] Deacon was born in Darlington (/wiki/Darlington) , County Durham (/wiki/County_Durham) , but grew up near Ullswater (/wiki/Ullswater) in the Lake District (/wiki/Lake_District) . [2] (#cite_note-GilesKing-2) [3] (#cite_note-EditorsLoveGiles-3) Deacon is the youngest child of David, an agricultural salesman, and Judith, a housewife. He has one older sister. [3] (#cite_note-EditorsLoveGiles-3) [4] (#cite_note-LdnEveningStandard-4) He attended Barnard Castle School (/wiki/Barnard_Castle_School) in County Durham which he credits with instilling in him "the mindset of aesthetics (/wiki/Aesthetics) ". [2] (#cite_note-GilesKing-2) Alongside schoolmate and friend Glenn Hugill (/wiki/Glenn_Hugill) , now a major television executive, he pursued interests in music and film as "portal to other things that we didn't really know about" [5] (#cite_note-Showstudio-5) Deacon initially wanted to become a marine biologist, but he failed his chemistry A-level. [3] (#cite_note-EditorsLoveGiles-3) [6] (#cite_note-DownToEarth-6) He later joined Harrogate College of Arts, where he completed an art foundation course. [7] (#cite_note-GilesUnlikelyLad-7) After completing his course he went on to study at Central St Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design) and was in the same class as fashion designers Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) and Luella Bartley (/wiki/Luella_Bartley) . [8] (#cite_note-GilesTelegraph-8) [9] (#cite_note-Stylemag-9) He graduated in 1992 and began collaborating on the label 'Doran Deacon' with his friend, Fi Doran as well as contributing illustrations to Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-GilesKing-2) Career [ edit ] Deacon chose to travel and gain experiences at fashion houses, before starting his own label. [9] (#cite_note-Stylemag-9) During his time in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Deacon was hired to work with fashion designer Jean-Charles de Castelbajac (/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Castelbajac) , where he learned how to use a brand name commercially. [9] (#cite_note-Stylemag-9) [10] (#cite_note-GilesBiography-10) During this time, Deacon met the owner of Italian luxury goods house, Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , and was hired to work for the company, becoming the head designer and debuting an acclaimed collection in 2001. Deacon was dismissed in 2001 when the Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) group bought the company and terminated his contract, so they could hire German designer, Tomas Maier (/wiki/Tomas_Maier) . [4] (#cite_note-LdnEveningStandard-4) [11] (#cite_note-11) However, he was immediately hired by Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) to assist with Gucci womenswear. [12] (#cite_note-GilesAnAudience-12) [13] (#cite_note-GilesRecord-13) Deacon was forced to leave Gucci after one season when he became ill from an infected salivary gland. [7] (#cite_note-GilesUnlikelyLad-7) Once he had recovered, Deacon decided to take out a loan to start his own label and he launched GILES in 2003. [8] (#cite_note-GilesTelegraph-8) [14] (#cite_note-14) He launched his first collection at London Fashion Week in February 2004, styled by his friend Katie Grand, the show saw models Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) , Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) , Eva Herzigova (/wiki/Eva_Herzigova) and Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) walking the catwalk. [12] (#cite_note-GilesAnAudience-12) The collection received international acclaim and began a renewed interest in London fashion. [15] (#cite_note-15) Deacon regularly showed at London Fashion Week and the GILES collection is bought by over thirty retail stores including Barneys (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) , Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . [3] (#cite_note-EditorsLoveGiles-3) [10] (#cite_note-GilesBiography-10) [12] (#cite_note-GilesAnAudience-12) Deacon counted Thandiwe Newton (/wiki/Thandiwe_Newton) , Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_York) and Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) among his clients. [16] (#cite_note-NYMag-16) Several actresses, including Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) and Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) , have worn Deacon's dresses at red carpet events. [17] (#cite_note-Yotka-17) In 2009, Deacon stated that since he launched his label, he has seen the turnover double every year and sales increased during the 2008 recession (/wiki/Late_2000s_recession_in_Europe#United_Kingdom) . [4] (#cite_note-LdnEveningStandard-4) His studio is at the Truman Brewery in East London. [18] (#cite_note-Shollenbarger-18) In April 2010, it was announced that Deacon had been appointed the creative director position with Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro#The_House_of_Emanuel_Ungaro) , following the dismissal of Estrella Archs (/wiki/Estrella_Archs) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-Ungaro-20) Deacon became the fifth designer to be hired by the house since it was sold to entrepreneur Asim Abdullah in 2005. [20] (#cite_note-Ungaro-20) On 19 September 2010, Deacon made a return to London Fashion Week, after spending two years showing his collection in Paris. [21] (#cite_note-TheBoy-21) Deacon showed his first collection for Ungaro in October 2010. [6] (#cite_note-DownToEarth-6) Vogue previewed the new collection, which was designed by Deacon, styled by Grand and accessorised by Katie Hillier and Stephen Jones (/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(milliner)) , on their website. [22] (#cite_note-22) Vogue reporter, Dolly Jones, described the collection as one of the "most hotly anticipated shows" of the week and she added "[Deacon] looks like he'll be credited with bringing the house of Ungaro back to life, at last." [23] (#cite_note-23) From June 2011, Deacon took part in the Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) entertainment series, New Look Style the Nation . [24] (#cite_note-Scotsman-24) The designer joined New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)) 's creative director Barbara Horspool on a panel tasked with finding an "exceptional new fashion stylist" from contestants, who demonstrate good creativity and style. [24] (#cite_note-Scotsman-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) The winner was to be hired by New Look as a stylist. [24] (#cite_note-Scotsman-24) Deacon previously appeared on Britain's Next Top Model (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model) as a judge. [26] (#cite_note-26) On 15 September, it was announced Ungaro and Deacon had "mutually decided" to end their collaboration. [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2013, Deacon presented the first ever fashion exhibition at the William Morris Gallery (/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery) in London. [28] (#cite_note-28) After deciding to put his ready-to-wear line on hiatus, Deacon launched his first couture collection in 2016. He told Steff Yotka of Vogue that he had always wanted to create more couture pieces, and that he chose to concentrate on high end fashion after realising that the pieces he and his team had produced were selling well. [17] (#cite_note-Yotka-17) He designed the wedding dress of Pippa Middleton (/wiki/Pippa_Middleton) , sister of Catherine, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) , in May 2017. [29] (#cite_note-29) Style [ edit ] Hopefully, if you saw someone wearing one of our frocks you'd think she looks quite interesting to have a chat with and say hello to. They're a bit 'We're on, we're out, we mean business. [16] (#cite_note-NYMag-16) — Deacon on his designs. Deacon has been known to challenge the traditional ideas of womenswear and often uses wild prints and pop culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) references in his designs. [16] (#cite_note-NYMag-16) [30] (#cite_note-Reuters-30) He has described his designs for GILES as humorous, dark and sexy and has stated that he wants diversity in among them. [9] (#cite_note-Stylemag-9) He said, "My dresses should be worn by young, cool girls just as much as by 55 to 60-year-old women". [9] (#cite_note-Stylemag-9) Deacon often designs "structured big-entrance" dresses, which are aimed at women who want to be noticed. [21] (#cite_note-TheBoy-21) At the 2008 London Fashion Week, Deacon presented a collection with a futuristic theme based on the 1980s arcade game Pac-Man (/wiki/Pac-Man) . The character was embellished on many of the dresses and the models wore oversized helmets in the shape of Pac-Man. [30] (#cite_note-Reuters-30) The designer's New Look menswear collections have been described by GQ (/wiki/GQ) magazine as "straddling the line between quirky and wearable". [31] (#cite_note-GQ-31) Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) has said that Deacon's collections are "a much-needed injection of grand-scale glamour". [21] (#cite_note-TheBoy-21) Frankel added that a playfulness and humour have also found their way into Deacon's collections. [21] (#cite_note-TheBoy-21) In May 2011, Deacon said he does not design for wallflowers and that his collections would always be a "little bit sideways", "quirky" and "British in feel." [24] (#cite_note-Scotsman-24) The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) said Deacon's designs are not brash, but "they suit a woman who has the confidence to take centre-stage." [24] (#cite_note-Scotsman-24) Collaborations [ edit ] Deacon has worked on many collaborations with companies including Sky (/wiki/British_Sky_Broadcasting) , Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) and Evoke, with whom he created his first jewellery collection. [12] (#cite_note-GilesAnAudience-12) [32] (#cite_note-32) In a two-season collaboration with British fashion company Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry_(company)) , Deacon introduced a line of accessories called "Mulberry for Giles", which was both a commercial and critical success. [10] (#cite_note-GilesBiography-10) Deacon was then appointed to design for the classic British tailoring label, Daks. [2] (#cite_note-GilesKing-2) He showed his first and second collections for the brand in 2007 and his third in 2008. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Deacon's best known collaboration has been with the High Street (/wiki/High_Street) fashion chain New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)) . The collection called Gold by Giles began in March 2007. [36] (#cite_note-36) On choosing to collaborate with the clothing retailer, Deacon said: "I chose New Look as the high street store to work with, as we both have a sense of fun and believe in fashion for everyone." [37] (#cite_note-Tenth-37) [38] (#cite_note-GilesGold-38) Actress Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) starred in the first ad campaigns for the collection, following a chance meeting between her and the designer in a lift. [39] (#cite_note-GilesVogue-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) British model, Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) took over and modelled the key pieces for Deacon's 4th collection. [41] (#cite_note-41) A lover of chocolate, in 2013 Deacon collaborated with Cadbury’s Caramel Nibbles, creating a couture strapless white tulip Nibbles dress in a chocolate polka-dot print for the Caramel Bunny, complete with ruffle details and a striking pussy-bow neck tie to match. In addition to this, he created a limited edition scarf combining the Cadbury Caramel Bunny’s eyes with coloured chains and pink bows. [42] (#cite_note-42) In late 2015, Deacon designed a womenswear collection for Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) . The collection titled Giles Deacon for Edition was modelled by Daisy Lowe (/wiki/Daisy_Lowe) and featured "beautiful dresses, bold prints and luxe outerwear". [43] (#cite_note-43) Recognition [ edit ] In 2004, Deacon was named Best New Designer at the British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) and in the following year he was given the Young Designer Award at Elle magazine (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) 's Style Awards. [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-ElleAwards-45) 2006 saw Deacon win the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) 's Fashion Forward Award, as well as being named British Fashion Designer of the Year (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) at the British Fashion Awards. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) He was named Best British Designer at the 2007 Elle Style Awards. [45] (#cite_note-ElleAwards-45) Two years later, Deacon won the French ANDAM (/wiki/ANDAM) Fashion Award's Grand Prix, becoming the second consecutive British designer to win the award following Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) 's win in 2008. [8] (#cite_note-GilesTelegraph-8) In the same year, he was named GQ magazine (/wiki/GQ_(magazine)) 's Designer of the Year. [31] (#cite_note-GQ-31) Personal life [ edit ] Deacon divides his time between his home in Islington (/wiki/Islington) , London, and his apartments in Paris and Italy. [1] (#cite_note-GilesSecretLife-1) [48] (#cite_note-Arrives-48) He has been in a relationship with actress Gwendoline Christie (/wiki/Gwendoline_Christie) since 2013. [49] (#cite_note-49) Deacon's hobbies include swimming, hiking, macramé, and gardening. [3] (#cite_note-EditorsLoveGiles-3) He counts Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) , Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) , Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , Mr J.M. Millet (/wiki/Blacks_Leisure_Group#Millets) , and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) among his design and style inspirations. [50] (#cite_note-50) [18] (#cite_note-Shollenbarger-18) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "My Secret Life: Giles Deacon" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secret-life-giles-deacon-fashion-designer-39-1807343.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Independent News & Media (/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media) . 24 October 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091025173235/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secret-life-giles-deacon-fashion-designer-39-1807343.html) from the original on 25 October 2009 . Retrieved 20 January 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Giles Deacon: King of London" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/giles-deacon-king-of-london-435540.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Independent News & Media (/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media) . 10 February 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100216172941/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/giles-deacon-king-of-london-435540.html) from the original on 16 February 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Barber, Lynn (7 September 2008). "Why the fashion editors love Giles" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/07/fashion) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090410091844/http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/07/fashion) from the original on 10 April 2009 . Retrieved 13 April 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Slater, Lydia (3 July 2009). "Giles Deacon: Cutting A Splash" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091114085418/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/fashion/article-23714789-giles-deacon-cutting-a-splash.do) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . Associated Newspapers (/wiki/Associated_Newspapers) . Archived from the original (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/fashion/article-23714789-giles-deacon-cutting-a-splash.do) on 14 November 2009 . Retrieved 21 April 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-Showstudio_5-0) "Transcript - Talking Fashion Giles - SHOWstudio - the Home of Fashion Film" (https://showstudio.com/project/talking_fashion_giles/transcript) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130323044823/https://showstudio.com/project/talking_fashion_giles/transcript) from the original on 23 March 2013 . Retrieved 27 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Day, Elizabeth (30 May 2010). "Giles Deacon: the down-to-earth northerner who has stormed the heights of Paris couture" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/may/30/giles-deacon-ungaro-fashion) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141029083704/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/may/30/giles-deacon-ungaro-fashion) from the original on 29 October 2014 . Retrieved 10 August 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cavendish, Lucy (1 December 2009). "Giles Deacon: The unlikely lad of fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091204153925/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/6662440/Giles-Deacon-The-unlikely-lad-of-fashion.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/6662440/Giles-Deacon-The-unlikely-lad-of-fashion.html) on 4 December 2009 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Alexander, Hilary (30 September 2009). "British designer Giles Deacon wins French fashion's 2009 'grand prix' (https://web.archive.org/web/20091003142037/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/paris-fashion-week/6246174/Paris-Fashion-Week-celebrates-20-years-of-ANDAM.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20091003142037/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/paris-fashion-week/6246174/Paris-Fashion-Week-celebrates-20-years-of-ANDAM.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/paris-fashion-week/6246174/Paris-Fashion-Week-celebrates-20-years-of-ANDAM.html) on 3 October 2009 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rothe, Marcus (10 December 2008). "Giles Deacon Interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100325203531/http://www.stylemag-online.net/2008/12/10/giles-deacon-interview/) . Style Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.stylemag-online.net/2008/12/10/giles-deacon-interview/) on 25 March 2010 . Retrieved 21 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Giles Biography" (http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/designers/documents/doc_1347.doc) (Doc) . London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110723153137/http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/designers/documents/doc_1347.doc) from the original on 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Britain's Deacon of light" (http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article1341450.ece) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . Times Newspapers Ltd (/wiki/News_International) . 7 February 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070210073724/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article1341450.ece) from the original on 10 February 2007 . Retrieved 21 April 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Giles Deacon: An audience with the king of British fashion" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/giles-deacon-an-audience-with-the-king-of-british-fashion-1915500.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Independent News & Media (/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media) . 6 March 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100308154031/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/giles-deacon-an-audience-with-the-king-of-british-fashion-1915500.html) from the original on 8 March 2010 . Retrieved 11 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-GilesRecord_13-0) Clydesdale, Lindsay (17 May 2008). "Designer Giles Deacon Tells How He Rose to the Top" (http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2008/05/17/designer-giles-deacon-tells-how-he-rose-to-the-top-in-the-fashion-world-86908-20420418/) . Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110609165350/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2008/05/17/designer-giles-deacon-tells-how-he-rose-to-the-top-in-the-fashion-world-86908-20420418/) from the original on 9 June 2011 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Giles collection 'inspired by Pac-Man' (http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/article.html?Giles_collection_%91inspired_by_Pac-Man%92.&in_article_id=312744&in_page_id=194) " (http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/article.html?Giles_collection_%91inspired_by_Pac-Man%92.&in_article_id=312744&in_page_id=194) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(Associated_Metro_Limited)) . Associated Newspapers (/wiki/Associated_Newspapers) . 17 September 2008. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080918082126/http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/article.html?Giles_collection_%91inspired_by_Pac-Man%92.&in_article_id=312744&in_page_id=194) from the original on 18 September 2008 . Retrieved 27 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Giles Deacon's Fashion in Motion" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/giles-deacons-fashion-in-motion-200906227342) . Fashion United. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101130153848/http://fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/giles-deacons-fashion-in-motion-200906227342) from the original on 30 November 2010 . Retrieved 13 June 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Giles Deacon - Designer Fashion Label" (http://nymag.com/fashion/fashionshows/designers/bios/gilesdeacon/) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . New York Media Holdings. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100311051229/http://nymag.com/fashion/fashionshows/designers/bios/gilesdeacon/) from the original on 11 March 2010 . Retrieved 21 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Yotka, Steff (25 January 2016). "Giles Deacon on Why Couture Still Matters and What We Can Expect From His Debut Show in Paris" (http://www.vogue.com/13391730/giles-deacon-launches-couture/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161201020637/http://www.vogue.com/13391730/giles-deacon-launches-couture/) from the original on 1 December 2016 . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shollenbarger, Maria (17 September 2010). "Giles Deacon talks personal style: Part Two" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/mens-style/2498-giles-deacon-talks-personal-style-part-two) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015741/https://howtospendit.ft.com/mens-style/2498-giles-deacon-talks-personal-style-part-two) from the original on 1 December 2016 . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Alexander, Hilary (21 April 2010). "Giles Deacon for Emanuel Ungaro?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100424225653/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/hilaryalexander/7614095/Giles-Deacon-for-Emanuel-Ungaro.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/hilaryalexander/7614095/Giles-Deacon-for-Emanuel-Ungaro.html) on 24 April 2010 . Retrieved 25 April 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Giles at Ungaro – It's official!" (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/archive/2010/04/26/giles-at-ungaro---it-s-official.htm) . Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) . Arnoldo Mondadori Editore (/wiki/Arnoldo_Mondadori_Editore) . 26 April 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120229141405/http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/archive/2010/04/26/giles-at-ungaro---it-s-official.htm) from the original on 29 February 2012 . Retrieved 26 April 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Frankel, Susannah (20 September 2010). "Giles Deacon: The boy is back in town" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/giles-deacon-the-boy-is-back-in-town-2083730.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Independent News & Media (/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100921095247/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/giles-deacon-the-boy-is-back-in-town-2083730.html) from the original on 21 September 2010 . Retrieved 20 September 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Giles Deacon, Katie Grand, Katie Hillier, Stephen Jones and Anna Della Russo. The Ungaro Preview . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/video/voguetv/player.aspx/exclusives/video,9892/) (FLV) on 7 October 2010 . Retrieved 4 October 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Jones, Dolly (4 October 2010). "Show Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101007132525/http://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,9818) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,9818) on 7 October 2010 . Retrieved 4 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Davidson, John (31 May 2011). "Interview: Giles Deacon, fashion designer" (http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment/Interview-Giles-Deacon-fashion-designer.6776338.jp) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Johnston Press (/wiki/Johnston_Press) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110603063709/http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment/Interview-Giles-Deacon-fashion-designer.6776338.jp) from the original on 3 June 2011 . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "New Look Style the Nation" (http://www.channel4.com/programmes/new-look-style-the-nation) . Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110607211212/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/new-look-style-the-nation) from the original on 7 June 2011 . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Davies, Taryn (28 April 2013). "Cycling is in Fashion according to Giles Deacon" (https://www.femalefirst.co.uk/lifestyle-fashion/stylenews/giles-deacon-290300.html) . FemaleFirst. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130710165234/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/lifestyle-fashion/stylenews/giles-deacon-290300.html) from the original on 10 July 2013 . Retrieved 23 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Socha, Miles (15 September 2011). "Ungaro, Giles Deacon to Part Ways" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/ungaro-giles-deacon-to-part-ways-5172380) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Fairchild Fashion Group (/wiki/Fairchild_Fashion_Group) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111226071844/http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/ungaro-giles-deacon-to-part-ways-5172380) from the original on 26 December 2011 . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Giles Deacon" (http://www.wmgallery.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions-43/giles-deacon-14/) . William Morris Gallery (/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131014235736/http://www.wmgallery.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions-43/giles-deacon-14/) from the original on 14 October 2013 . Retrieved 12 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Friedman, Vanessa (22 May 2017). "The Pippa Middleton Wedding Dress Effect" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/fashion/pippa-middleton-wedding-dress-giles-deacon.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170523015901/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/fashion/pippa-middleton-wedding-dress-giles-deacon.html) from the original on 23 May 2017 . Retrieved 23 May 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Motevalli, Golnar (16 September 2008). "Pac-Man the muse for London designer Giles Deacon" (https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLG24037120080917) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . Thomson Reuters (/wiki/Thomson_Reuters) . Retrieved 21 March 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Giles Deacon: GQ Designer of the Year" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100327174351/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/S2008RTW-GDEACON/) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . CondéNetUK Limited. Archived from the original (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/men-of-the-year/moty-2009/winners/gq-moty-giles-deacon,-gq-designer-of-the-year-) on 27 March 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Obi, Michele (8 August 2008). "Giles for Evoke: Giles Deacon to Launch his First Ever Jewellery Collection" (http://www.myfashionlife.com/archives/2008/08/08/giles-for-evoke-giles-deacon-to-launch-his-first-ever-jewellery-collection/) . My Fashion Life . My Life Media Ltd. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114045/http://www.myfashionlife.com/archives/2008/08/08/giles-for-evoke-giles-deacon-to-launch-his-first-ever-jewellery-collection/) from the original on 5 December 2008 . Retrieved 21 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Mower, Sarah (22 February 2007). "Daks by Giles Deacon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100206111301/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2007RTW-DAKS/) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2007RTW-DAKS) on 6 February 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Mower, Sarah (28 September 2007). "Daks by Giles Deacon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100114225725/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/S2008RTW-DAKS) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/S2008RTW-DAKS) on 14 January 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Phelps, Nicole (20 February 2008). "Daks by Giles Deacon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100123174031/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2008RTW-DAKS/) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2008RTW-DAKS) on 23 January 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Giles Deacon designs for New Look" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/newlook.htm) . Fashion United. Archived (https://archive.today/20240524224232/https://www.webcitation.org/5qSw3G5iw?url=http://www.fashionunited.co.uk/content-by-mail/received-content/giles-deacon-designs-for-new-look-200609071397) from the original on 24 May 2024 . Retrieved 13 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tenth_37-0) Bumpus, Jessica (9 March 2010). "Giles' Tenth Look" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100311194158/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/100309-gold-by-giles-tenth-collection-.aspx) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/100309-gold-by-giles-tenth-collection-.aspx) on 11 March 2010 . Retrieved 11 March 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-GilesGold_38-0) "Gold by Giles Deacon" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/gold-by-giles-deacon-200801292515) . Fashion United. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101130154419/http://fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/gold-by-giles-deacon-200801292515) from the original on 30 November 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-GilesVogue_39-0) Craven, Jo (22 April 2008). "Giles Deacon Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100430195925/http://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/080422-giles-deacon-biography.aspx) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/080422-giles-deacon-biography.aspx) on 30 April 2010 . Retrieved 21 January 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Levine, Nick (13 March 2007). "Drew Barrymore to model for New Look" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a43868/drew-barrymore-to-model-for-new-look.html) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Hachette Filipacchi (UK) Ltd (/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110610082921/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a43868/drew-barrymore-to-model-for-new-look.html) from the original on 10 June 2011 . Retrieved 14 April 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Giles Deacon new beach look" (https://www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/giles-deacon-new-beach-look-200906167319) . Fashion United. 16 June 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101130154205/http://fashionunited.co.uk/news/columns/giles-deacon-new-beach-look-200906167319) from the original on 30 November 2010 . 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External links [ edit ] Giles Deacon (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/giles-deacon/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/7329153653259955900008) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCPdxmMHtfPctWRqQwmd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1178709582) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018116074) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐7rvbb Cached time: 20240722163911 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.706 seconds Real time usage: 0.895 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4515/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 107453/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3073/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 209324/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.432/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7304911/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 828.831 1 -total 42.89% 355.513 1 Template:Reflist 21.01% 174.098 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 19.85% 164.501 20 Template:Cite_news 15.39% 127.571 29 Template:Cite_web 10.57% 87.585 1 Template:Short_description 9.25% 76.702 21 Template:Main_other 7.68% 63.645 1 Template:Authority_control 7.12% 59.019 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.08% 42.132 1 Template:Good_article Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:20801870-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163911 and revision id 1229458866. 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American fashion designer Amanda Phelan is a New York-based creative who works across many disciplines and media as a director, producer, designer and textile engineer. Phelan's textile work is noted for a high level of technical virtuosity and advanced material fabrication research. Drawing on her shared passions for pattern, rhythm, visual and performing arts, her creative direction echoes a life-affirming spirit and strives to inspire and connect progressive audiences. She debuted her fashion label in September 2015 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) to critical acclaim. She is based out of Brooklyn, New York. Early life and education [ edit ] An accomplished dancer and artist, Phelan attended the prestigious Rhode Island School of Design (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) , where she studied painting before completing a degree in textiles. While at RISD, her degree focused on the engineering of both woven and knitted structures. [1] (#cite_note-hyland-1) [2] (#cite_note-cassidy-2) Career [ edit ] Phelan started her professional career designing knitwear for Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) . [3] (#cite_note-singer-3) As an emerging designer, Phelan has distinguished herself by her unusual performance based runway shows, and forward thinking textile fabrications. [3] (#cite_note-singer-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Her Fall 2016 Ready to Wear show was described as "thoughtful, progressive and daring". [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) In interviews, Phelan has suggested that these events are a deliberate attempt to disrupt the standard presentation format, and introduce conceptual content aligned with her materials. [6] (#cite_note-6) She has also been noted for a high level of technical virtuosity and use of complex fabrics. [3] (#cite_note-singer-3) Phelan's runway shows for New York Fashion Week to date have been collaborative performance based events with the Vim Vigor Dance Theater Company, and were hosted at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club (/wiki/La_MaMa_Experimental_Theatre_Club) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) 's Lower East Side (/wiki/Lower_East_Side) . In 2018, Phelan exhibited her first work at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) as part of the Items: Is Fashion Modern? exhibition, which featured 111 items of clothing that have had a strong impact on the world in the 20th and 21st centuries. [3] (#cite_note-singer-3) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-hyland_1-0) Hyland, Véronique (September 8, 2016). "The Dancer Turned Designer Who's Making Fashion That Moves" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/09/amanda-phelan-a-former-dancer-making-experimental-fashion.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2017-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-cassidy_2-0) Cassidy, Laura (February 14, 2016). "New York Fashion Week: SPACE Favorite Phelan's Stirring Dance Performance" (https://blogs.nordstrom.com/fashion/new-york-fashion-week-fw-2016-space-olivia-kim-phelan/) . The Thread . Nordstrom . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Singer, Maya (September 12, 2015), "Spring 2016 Ready-to-wear: Phelan" (http://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2016-ready-to-wear/phelan) , Vogue , Condé Nast , retrieved June 25, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Simon, Samantha (March 15, 2016). "Inside Fashion Label Phelan's Dance-Filled New York City Trunk Show" (http://www.instyle.com/fashion/inside-phelan-new-york-city-trunk-show) . InStyle . Time Inc . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Garced, Kristi (February 14, 2016). "Phelan RTW Fall 2016" (http://wwd.com/runway/fall-ready-to-wear-2016/new-york/phelan/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2016-03-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Simpson, Ashley W. (February 15, 2016). "Inside Phelan's Fall Performance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160611154656/http://fashionunfiltered.com/news/2016/inside-phelan-s-fall-performance) . Fashion Unfiltered . Archived from the original (http://www.fashionunfiltered.com/news/2016/inside-phelan-s-fall-performance) on 11 June 2016 . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Johnson, Noah (February 8, 2016). "On the Rise at New York Fashion Week" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/02/08/fashion/Designers-On-the-Rise-at-New-York-Fashion-Week.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 8 March 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.phelan.com/) Fall 2016 Runway Show (http://nymag.com/thecut/fashion/shows/2016/fall/new-york/rtw/phelan.html) Phelan Runway Show archive (http://nymag.com/thecut/fashion/designers/phelan) , New York Magazine . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amanda_Phelan&oldid=1183485012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amanda_Phelan&oldid=1183485012) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American women artists (/wiki/Category:American_women_artists) Rhode Island School of Design alumni (/wiki/Category:Rhode_Island_School_of_Design_alumni) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) 21st-century American women (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with MoMA identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MoMA_identifiers) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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Strawberry and popcorn fragrance by Christine Nagel for Dior Miss Dior Chérie A bottle of Miss Dior Chérie in eau de toilette Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Dior (/wiki/Dior) Released 2005 Label Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) (2005-2011) Dior (2011-) Perfumer(s) Christine Nagel (/wiki/Christine_Nagel) Predecessor Miss Dior (/wiki/Miss_Dior) (1947) Successor Miss Dior (2011) Miss Dior Chérie was a fragrance created by Christine Nagel (/wiki/Christine_Nagel) for Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) . At the time John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) served as Dior’s fashion designer and creative director, overseeing Nagel’s development of the unusual, youth-oriented strawberry-and-popcorn eau de parfum (/wiki/Eau_de_parfum) . Miss Dior Chérie was available from 2005 to 2011: after perfumer François Demachy (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Demachy) joined Dior, Miss Dior Chérie was reformulated and renamed Miss Dior. Fragrance history [ edit ] The first version of a fragrance to go by the name “ Miss Dior (/wiki/Miss_Dior) ” dates to 1947, shortly after the Dior fashion line debuted its acclaimed New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(style_of_clothing)) collection. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) That perfume, a floral chypre (/wiki/Chypre) with leather and galbanum (/wiki/Galbanum) notes, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) created by Paul Vacher (/wiki/Paul_Vacher) and Jean Carles (/wiki/Jean_Carles) , appeared in many different iterations over the following years. Miss Dior Chérie Eau de Parfum was launched in 2005 as a flanker to Miss Dior (perfumery’s term for a sequel or spinoff), intended to draw a younger audience. [2] (#cite_note-2) Developed by Christine Nagel (/wiki/Christine_Nagel) with the instructions to create something “audacious, impertinent, and gourmand”. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Miss Dior Chérie most prominently featured unconventional strawberry and caramelized popcorn notes, [4] (#cite_note-4) though it also had a popular patchouli fraction reminiscent of Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) ’s 2001 hit Coco Mademoiselle (/wiki/Coco_Mademoiselle) , [5] (#cite_note-5) as well as mandarin, violet, jasmine, and musk. Elle also noted it had an antecedent in Thierry Mugler Angel (/wiki/Angel_(perfume)) (1992), which popularized sweet, food-like fragrances. [6] (#cite_note-6) Dior’s fashion designer and creative director John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) described the fragrance as “delicious”. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2009, after hiring François Demachy (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Demachy) to serve as in-house perfumer, Dior released a flanker to Miss Dior Chérie called Miss Dior Chérie L’Eau, signed by Demachy. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) described this perfume as a “sparkling and distinctive floral scent blended with notes of tangy yet spicy bitter orange, Gardenia and white musks”. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) In 2010, Dior released an eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) version of Miss Dior Chérie, which also advertised additional floral notes as a twist on the original. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2011, Miss Dior and Miss Dior Chérie (eau de parfum) underwent significant changes. Miss Dior was reimagined by Demachy and this fragrance was renamed Miss Dior Original. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Miss Dior Chérie became simply Miss Dior and though it retained similar packaging, the fragrance was significantly altered, also by Demachy although with less fanfare, and since then has born little resemblance to Nagel’s creation. [10] (#cite_note-10) These changes were part of Dior owner LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) ’s efforts to gain greater control over their perfume formulations. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Prior to bringing on Demachy to create its perfumes in house, Dior has contracted out its fragrances and consequently Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) held the formula for Nagel’s creation. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Adjustments allowed Dior to take over Miss Dior Chérie without violating Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) ’s copyright. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Miss Dior Chérie and other versions of Miss Dior were the subject of a 2013 exhibition at the Grand Palais (/wiki/Grand_Palais) in Paris. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The two-week exhibit in November, free to the public, invited 15 female artists to make a piece of work inspired by the perfume’s legacy. [11] (#cite_note-11) Ad campaigns and Galliano firing [ edit ] The first face of Miss Dior Chérie was Riley Keough (/wiki/Riley_Keough) , Elvis Presley (/wiki/Elvis_Presley) 's granddaughter, chosen by Galliano to lead the campaign. [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) While Keough was not French, Galliano felt she embodied the “joie de vivre” he hoped to express with Miss Dior Chérie. [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) In late 2010, actress Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) became the new face of Miss Dior Chérie, [13] (#cite_note-13) her first campaign for a luxury beauty brand. [14] (#cite_note-14) Director Sofia Coppola (/wiki/Sofia_Coppola) filmed the Jean-Luc Godard (/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard) -inspired television ads, with music by Serge Gainsbourg (/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg) . [15] (#cite_note-15) This sponsorship drew Portman into scandal a few months later when Galliano, by then Dior’s creative director of 15 years, was caught on video making anti-Semitic (/wiki/Antisemitism) remarks including declaring, “I love Hitler”. [16] (#cite_note-16) As Dior’s promotional campaign featuring Portman, who is Jewish, had only just launched, she became a particularly high-profile voice among Galliano’s many vocal critics. [17] (#cite_note-:3-17) Moreover, as the incident depicted took place in Paris, it drew a police investigation for the possibility he had violated French law. [17] (#cite_note-:3-17) Dior quickly fired him. [18] (#cite_note-18) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Pithers, Ellie (November 13, 2013). "Miss Dior exhibition opens in Paris" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/ellie-pithers/TMG10444514/Miss-Dior-exhibition-opens-in-Paris.html) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180926072808/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/ellie-pithers/TMG10444514/Miss-Dior-exhibition-opens-in-Paris.html) from the original on 2018-09-26 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss Dior Chérie" (https://www.marieclaire.fr/,miss-dior-cherie,725222.asp) . Marie Claire (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170708040531/http://www.marieclaire.fr/,miss-dior-cherie,725222.asp) from the original on 2017-07-08 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ a b c d Vulser, Nicole (2011-05-27). "Le groupe LVMH se réapproprie la fabrication de ses parfums" (https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2011/05/27/le-groupe-lvmh-se-reapproprie-la-fabrication-de-ses-parfums_1528287_3234.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140605205207/http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2011/05/27/le-groupe-lvmh-se-reapproprie-la-fabrication-de-ses-parfums_1528287_3234.html) from the original on 2014-06-05 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Bischof, Felix (October 25, 2019). "Scent of Hermès: Christine Nagel" (https://www.theweek.co.uk/103950/scent-of-herm-s-christine-nagel) . The Week Portfolio . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201130101505/https://www.theweek.co.uk/103950/scent-of-herm-s-christine-nagel) from the original on 2020-11-30 . Retrieved 2020-11-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hass, Nancy (November 2, 2015). "The 7 Modern Classic Fragrances That Changed Everything" (https://www.allure.com/gallery/new-classic-fragrances) . Allure . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201124070342/https://www.allure.com/gallery/new-classic-fragrances) from the original on 2020-11-24 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Parfum sucré : tout savoir sur les parfums sucrés" (https://www.elle.fr/Beaute/Dossiers-beaute/Parfums/La-folie-des-parfums-sucres-1763744) . elle.fr (in French). 2019-01-15. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201205170912/https://www.elle.fr/Beaute/Dossiers-beaute/Parfums/La-folie-des-parfums-sucres-1763744) from the original on 2020-12-05 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "A new bloom" (https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/archive/2005/09/04/a-new-bloom) . The Star . 4 Sep 2005. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232255/https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/archive/2005/09/04/a-new-bloom) from the original on 2021-01-31 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ a b Stone, Amy (27 April 2009). "My Chérie Amour" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/miss-dior-cherie-leau) . British Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171210152613/http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/miss-dior-cherie-leau) from the original on 2017-12-10 . Retrieved 2020-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Passariello, Micol (April 5, 2010). "Miss Dior Chérie" (https://www.vogue.it/beauty/notizie-bellezza/2010/05/miss-dior-cherie) . Vogue.it (in Italian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232256/https://www.vogue.it/beauty/notizie-bellezza/2010/05/miss-dior-cherie) from the original on 2021-01-31 . Retrieved 2020-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hubbard, Lauren (22 July 2015). "Allure Editors' Most Mourned Discontinued Products" (https://www.allure.com/gallery/most-mourned-discontinued-products) . Allure . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201206012903/https://www.allure.com/gallery/most-mourned-discontinued-products) from the original on 2020-12-06 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Miss Dior" (https://www.grandpalais.fr/fr/evenement/miss-dior) . www.grandpalais.fr (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161204145227/http://www.grandpalais.fr/fr/evenement/miss-dior/) from the original on 2016-12-04 . Retrieved 2020-12-26 . ^ a b "The King's granddaughter new face of Dior fragrance" (https://www.heraldextra.com/lifestyles/the-kings-granddaughter-new-face-of-dior-fragrance/article_7cbbd102-c3e3-57a3-9b9a-2ef9bd16ad6a.html) . Daily Herald . Associated Press. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232320/https://www.heraldextra.com/lifestyles/the-kings-granddaughter-new-face-of-dior-fragrance/article_7cbbd102-c3e3-57a3-9b9a-2ef9bd16ad6a.html) from the original on 2021-01-31 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lidbury, Olivia (December 9, 2010). "Dior's Chérie: Natalie Portman lands a leading role as Miss Dior Chérie" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-lidbury/TMG8192216/Diors-Cherie-Natalie-Portman-lands-a-leading-role-as-Miss-Dior-Cherie.html) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232253/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/authors/olivia-lidbury/) from the original on 31 January 2021 . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Forrester, Sharon (December 9, 2010). "Bonjour Cherie" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/natalie-portman-miss-dior-cherie-perfume) . British Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232258/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/natalie-portman-miss-dior-cherie-perfume) from the original on 2021-01-31 . Retrieved 2020-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Goldwert, Lindsay. " (https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/fashion/black-swan-star-natalie-portman-sexy-unzipped-dress-dior-cherie-ads-article-1.134363) 'Black Swan' star Natalie Portman is sexy in unzipped dress for Miss Dior Cherie ads" (https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/fashion/black-swan-star-natalie-portman-sexy-unzipped-dress-dior-cherie-ads-article-1.134363) . New York Daily News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201206025143/https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/fashion/black-swan-star-natalie-portman-sexy-unzipped-dress-dior-cherie-ads-article-1.134363) from the original on 2020-12-06 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Galliano fired after reportedly praising Hitler in rant" (https://www.today.com/news/galliano-fired-after-reportedly-praising-hitler-rant-wbna41848694) . TODAY.com . March 1, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131232257/https://www.today.com/news/galliano-fired-after-reportedly-praising-hitler-rant-wbna41848694) from the original on 31 January 2021 . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ a b Willshire, Kim (2011-03-01). "John Galliano sacked by Christian Dior over alleged antisemitic rant" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/01/john-galliano-sacked-by-christian-dior) . the Guardian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201055/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/01/john-galliano-sacked-by-christian-dior) from the original on 2020-11-11 . Retrieved 2020-11-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Saltmarsh, Matthew (1 March 2011). "Dior Fires John Galliano After Bigotry Complaints" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/02/fashion/02dior.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201127031956/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/02/fashion/02dior.html) from the original on 27 November 2020 . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . v t e Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) pour femme Miss Dior (/wiki/Miss_Dior) (1947) Diorissimo (/wiki/Diorissimo) (1956) Diorling (/wiki/Diorling) (1963) Diorella (/wiki/Diorella) (1972) Dior Dior (/w/index.php?title=Dior_Dior&action=edit&redlink=1) (1976) Poison (/wiki/Poison_(perfume)) (1985) Dune (/wiki/Dune_(perfume)) (1991) J'Adore (/wiki/J%27Adore_(fragrance)) (1999) Miss Dior Chérie (2005) pour homme Eau Sauvage (/wiki/Eau_Sauvage) (1966) Fahrenheit (/wiki/Fahrenheit_(perfume)) (1988) Dune pour Homme (/wiki/Dune_pour_Homme) (1997) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐768675d48f‐qjgmx Cached time: 20240716085136 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.421 seconds Real time usage: 0.499 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1351/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45106/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 905/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 80754/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.288/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5123413/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 453.926 1 -total 48.98% 222.337 1 Template:Reflist 37.15% 168.655 14 Template:Cite_web 19.58% 88.899 1 Template:Parfums_Christian_Dior 19.03% 86.395 1 Template:Navbox 17.65% 80.097 1 Template:Short_description 9.85% 44.694 2 Template:Pagetype 9.83% 44.620 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 9.25% 42.006 1 Template:Infobox 5.09% 23.100 4 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65947952-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716085136 and revision id 1234817875. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Dior_Chérie&oldid=1234817875 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Dior_Chérie&oldid=1234817875) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Dior perfumes (/wiki/Category:Dior_perfumes) 21st-century perfumes (/wiki/Category:21st-century_perfumes) Products introduced in 2005 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2005) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐cf698d9cf‐55bbz Cached time: 20240717215146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56844441-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717215146 and revision id 858447460. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Australian fashion journalists" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Thelma Afford (/wiki/Thelma_Afford) H Jennifer Hocking (/wiki/Jennifer_Hocking) K Yvette King (/wiki/Yvette_King) Elsa Klensch (/wiki/Elsa_Klensch) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_fashion_journalists&oldid=858447460 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_fashion_journalists&oldid=858447460) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian journalists (/wiki/Category:Australian_journalists) Fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:Fashion_journalists)
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Fashion collaboration Rihanna at Fenty x Puma fashion show in 2016 Fenty X Puma (stylized FEИTY x PUMA ; aka (/wiki/Also_known_as) Fenty Puma Creeper or simply Fenty Creeper ), [1] (#cite_note-1) is a fashion collaboration (/wiki/Collaboration) between Barbadian singer-songwriter and businesswoman Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and German clothing manufacturer Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Rihanna first partnered with Puma in 2014 as the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) and brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) appearing in advertisements in 2015. In 2016, the debut colorway (/wiki/Colorway) collection was launched with a live-streamed (/wiki/Live-streamed) fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) , [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) a day before Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) unveiled Yeezy Season 4 (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy#Clothing) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Fasanella, Allie (2023-06-16). "Puma x Fenty Explained: Ultimate Guide to Rihanna's Collaboration and Every Release, Including Creeper Sneakers and More to Know" (https://footwearnews.com/fashion/collaborations/puma-fenty-collaboration-release-info-1203478036/) . Footwear News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230920053131/https://footwearnews.com/fashion/collaborations/puma-fenty-collaboration-release-info-1203478036/) from the original on 2023-09-20 . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Muhammad, Latifah (2023-11-02). "Rihanna Drops New Colorways of Fenty x Puma Avanti Sneaker: Where to Shop the Collection" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/rihanna-fenty-x-puma-avanti-sneaker-where-to-buy-online-1235413804/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231130164150/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/rihanna-fenty-x-puma-avanti-sneaker-where-to-buy-online-1235413804/) from the original on 2023-11-30 . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Inman, DeMicia (2023-03-01). "Rihanna's Fenty x PUMA Announce Collaborative Return" (https://www.vibe.com/news/business/rihannas-fenty-puma-return-1234739150/) . VIBE.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230330222332/https://www.vibe.com/news/business/rihannas-fenty-puma-return-1234739150/) from the original on 2023-03-30 . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Jensen, Erin. "Rihanna visits pop-up shops for Fenty x Puma launch" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/09/07/rihanna-fenty-x-puma-launch/89948330/) . USA TODAY . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528091337/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/09/07/rihanna-fenty-x-puma-launch/89948330/) from the original on 2023-05-28 . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rihanna's Debut FENTY x PUMA Collection Drops Next Month" (https://hypebeast.com/2016/8/rihanna-fenty-puma-debut-september-2016) . Hypebeast . 2016-08-22. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231012194626/https://hypebeast.com/2016/8/rihanna-fenty-puma-debut-september-2016) from the original on 2023-10-12 . Retrieved 2023-12-13 . v t e Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Albums (/wiki/Rihanna_albums_discography) Singles (/wiki/Rihanna_singles_discography) Videography (/wiki/Rihanna_videography) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Rihanna) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Rihanna_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Rihanna) Studio albums Music of the Sun (/wiki/Music_of_the_Sun) A Girl Like Me (/wiki/A_Girl_Like_Me_(Rihanna_album)) Good Girl Gone Bad (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad) Reloaded Rated R (/wiki/Rated_R_(Rihanna_album)) Loud (/wiki/Loud_(Rihanna_album)) Talk That Talk (/wiki/Talk_That_Talk) Unapologetic (/wiki/Unapologetic) Anti (/wiki/Anti_(album)) Soundtrack albums Home (/wiki/Home_(soundtrack)) Black Panther: Wakanda Forever – Music from and Inspired By (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_(soundtrack)#Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_–_Music_from_and_Inspired_By) Remix albums Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad:_The_Remixes) Rated R: Remixed (/wiki/Rated_R:_Remixed) Video albums Good Girl Gone Bad Live (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Live) Loud Tour Live at the O2 (/wiki/Loud_Tour_Live_at_the_O2) Rihanna 777 Documentary... 7Countries7Days7Shows (/wiki/Rihanna_777_Documentary..._7Countries7Days7Shows) Performances Rihanna: Live in Concert (/wiki/Rihanna:_Live_in_Concert) Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_Tour) A Girl's Night Out (/wiki/A_Girl%27s_Night_Out) Last Girl on Earth (/wiki/Last_Girl_on_Earth) Loud Tour (/wiki/Loud_Tour) Diamonds World Tour (/wiki/Diamonds_World_Tour) The Monster Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Tour_(Eminem_and_Rihanna)) Anti World Tour (/wiki/Anti_World_Tour) Super Bowl LVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVII_halftime_show) Retail Rihanna (book) (/wiki/Rihanna_(book)) Reb'l Fleur (/wiki/Reb%27l_Fleur) Rebelle (/wiki/Rebelle_(fragrance)) Nude (/wiki/Nude_by_Rihanna) Rogue (/wiki/Rogue_by_Rihanna) Fenty X Puma Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) Fenty (fashion house) (/wiki/Fenty_(fashion_house)) Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) Savage X Fenty Show (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty_Show) Related topics Clara Lionel Foundation (/wiki/Clara_Lionel_Foundation) Styled to Rock British TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(British_TV_series)) American TV series (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(American_TV_series)) Category (/wiki/Category:Rihanna) v t e Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Subsidiaries Cobra Golf (/wiki/Cobra_Golf) Collaborations Fenty X Puma Sneakers Puma Clyde (/wiki/Puma_Clyde) Puma Suede (/wiki/Puma_Suede) People Rudolf Dassler (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) Adolf Dassler (/wiki/Adolf_Dassler) Tommie Smith (/wiki/Tommie_Smith) John Carlos (/wiki/John_Carlos) Walt Frazier (/wiki/Walt_Frazier) Related topics Dassler brothers feud (/wiki/Dassler_brothers_feud) 1968 Olympics Black Power salute (/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute) Category (/wiki/Category:Puma_(brand)) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puma_(brand)) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Full Cleveland (/w/index.php?title=Full_Cleveland&redirect=no) ) Casual suit, fashionable in the 1970s Examples of the leisure suit based on the safari jacket (/wiki/Safari_jacket) in 1976 A leisure suit is a casual (/wiki/Casual_attire) suit (/wiki/Suit_(clothing)) consisting of a shirt-like jacket (/wiki/Jacket) and matching trousers (/wiki/Trousers) (pants), [1] (#cite_note-MW-1) typically made from polyester (/wiki/Polyester) . [2] (#cite_note-2) It is associated with American-influenced fashion (/wiki/American_fashion) and fads (/wiki/Fads_and_trends) of the 1970s. History [ edit ] Leisure Suit Convention in 1993 A man wearing a "Hawaiian" leisure suit in 2007 Leisure suits originated on the west coast of the US in the late 1930s as summer casual-wear for the wealthy, [3] (#cite_note-3) possibly derived from the heavy tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) or khaki (/wiki/Khaki) safari jacket (/wiki/Safari_jacket) worn by English sportsmen. [4] (#cite_note-4) Made from lightweight fabric and originally known as "Hollywood suits" these were worn until the 1950s, especially in the Southwest where, together with suits derived from the Ike jacket (/wiki/Ike_jacket) , they became popular formal-wear and often featured contrasting yokes, collars and cuffs [5] (#cite_note-5) (see Western fashion (/wiki/Western_fashion) ). Suits of this pattern, embellished with embroidery and rhinestones (/wiki/Rhinestone) , were made by Nudie Cohn (/wiki/Nudie_Cohn) [6] (#cite_note-6) for 1950s country and western (/wiki/Country_and_western) musicians, including Tex Williams (/wiki/Tex_Williams) and the young Elvis (/wiki/Elvis) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Suits as casual wear became popular among members of Britain's mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) subculture in the 1960s, but only achieved widespread popularity in the United States when—with the creation and popularization of synthetic materials—unprecedented inexpensive prices met with a culture that had come to hate formality. They are frequently associated with that era's disco (/wiki/Disco) culture. [8] (#cite_note-8) Leisure suits gained popularity by offering a fashionable, inexpensive suit which could conceivably be used in formal business, yet was casual enough to be worn out of the workplace setting. [9] (#cite_note-9) The leisure suit height of popularity was around the mid to late 1970s, but fell from fashion in the very early 1980s. Today it is commonly considered emblematic of 1970s American kitsch (/wiki/Kitsch) . [10] (#cite_note-10) The leisure suit became associated in popular culture with bars (/wiki/Bar_(establishment)) , gangsterism (/wiki/Gangsterism) , and conversely, with clueless dressing—the adventure game series Leisure Suit Larry (/wiki/Leisure_Suit_Larry) being an example. [11] (#cite_note-11) Today [ edit ] Leisure suits are still being offered and worn today, although not in the form of bellbottoms (/wiki/Bellbottoms) and pastel colors (/wiki/Pastel_colors) which came to be most associated with the term. Fashion labels (/wiki/Fashion_label) such as Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) include casual suits among their collections, which are more reminiscent of suits in the style of British mod (/wiki/Mod_culture) than American disco (/wiki/Disco) . Also, progress since the 1970s with respect to the technology of synthetic fabrics (/wiki/Synthetic_fiber) such as polyester (/wiki/Polyester) has resulted in the creation of new textures. See also [ edit ] Kariba suit (/wiki/Kariba_suit) Leisure Suit Larry (/wiki/Leisure_Suit_Larry) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-MW_1-0) "Leisure suit" (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/leisure%20suit) , Merriam-Webster Dictionary (/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "What is a Leisure Suit?" (https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-a-leisure-suit.htm) . WiseGEEK . 25 December 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Early leisure suit or "Hollywood jacket" (http://www.rounduprecords.co.uk/prodimages/bryansuit.JPG) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120330225415/http://www.rounduprecords.co.uk/prodimages/bryansuit.JPG) 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-4) " (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQCEF-tG77AC&pg=PA274) 1930s American Fashion " (https://books.google.com/books?id=rQCEF-tG77AC&pg=PA274) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Beard, Tyler (2001). 100 Years of Western Wear , p. 72. Gibbs Smith, Salt Lake City. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87905-591-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87905-591-X) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Nudie, The Man Who Set Rhinestones in Fashion History." Nudie's Rodeo Tailor Web site (http://www.nudiesrodeotailor.com/bio_01.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110823030414/http://www.nudiesrodeotailor.com/bio_01.html) 2011-08-23 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Retrieved 2010-09-28. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Nudie, Jamie Lee; Cabrall, Mary Lynn (2004). Nudie: The Rodeo Tailor . Smith, Gibbs Publisher. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58685-381-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58685-381-5) . Retrieved 2010-08-26. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Linda Welters, Patricia A. Cunningham (ed.), Twentieth-Century American Fashion , Bloomsbury Academic, 2005. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Collectible 70s" (https://books.google.com/books?id=k6DlviMnIM8C&dq=leisure+suit&pg=PA113) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) June 2004 Pic of the Month (http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/pic/2004/leisure/teenagers.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060622162420/http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/pic/2004/leisure/teenagers.asp) 2006-06-22 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) at The Henry Ford (/wiki/The_Henry_Ford) museum ^ (#cite_ref-11) Isbister, Katherine (June 14, 2006). Better Game Characters by Design: A Psychological Approach . Taylor & Francis – via Google Books. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leisure suit (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leisure_suit) . 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American businessman Ben Sommers Ben Sommers in 1953. Born ( 1906-12-01 ) December 1, 1906 New York City, US Died April 30, 1985 (1985-04-30) (aged 79) New York City, US Awards Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) , Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) Ben Sommers (1906-1985) was a leading philanthropic figure in the world of dance, and president of the Capezio (/wiki/Capezio) dance and theatre shoe company from 1940 to his death. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) He established the Capezio Foundation in 1951, which focused on dance, especially the regional ballet (/w/index.php?title=Regional_ballet&action=edit&redlink=1) movement. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) In 1957, he founded the Capezio Awards (/wiki/Capezio_Award) which recognise the lifetime achievements of those in dance, including Martha Graham (/wiki/Martha_Graham) , Jerome Robbins (/wiki/Jerome_Robbins) , Alvin Ailey (/wiki/Alvin_Ailey) and Agnes de Mille (/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille) . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Sommers was also founder of the Association of American Dance Companies. In 1978, the same year he managed to persuade the United States Postal Service (/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service) to issue stamps commemorating dance, he established National Dance Week (/wiki/National_Dance_Week) , followed by International Dance Week (/w/index.php?title=International_Dance_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1985. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Born in New York City, Sommers became a stock boy at Capezio at the age of 14 and worked his way up to become company president in 1940. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) One of his earliest achievements was supplying shoes to the 1923 Ziegfeld Follies (/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies) production. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) In 1962 Sommers married Estelle Loshin, née Goldstein, (1919-1994). [2] (#cite_note-jwa-2) Like him, she was a dancewear specialist who in 1947 transformed her first husband's store, Loshin's, into a retailer of leotards and other outfits. [2] (#cite_note-jwa-2) From 1964-1975 Estelle managed the Capezio Fashion Shop, where she innovated spandex (/wiki/Spandex) bodywear, and from 1970 until her death in 1994 she was vice president and head administrator for the Capezio Dance-Theatre shops. [2] (#cite_note-jwa-2) Sommers died at Lenox Hill Hospital (/wiki/Lenox_Hill_Hospital) on 30 April 1985, after suffering a heart attack shortly after attending that year's Capezio Awards. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Ben Sommers Is Dead At 78; Head Of Capezio Foundation" (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/01/arts/ben-sommers-is-dead-at-78-head-of-capezio-foundation.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Eliash-Chain, Meira (20 March 2009). "Estelle Joan Sommers 1919–1994" (http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sommers-estelle-joan) . Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia . Jewish Women's Archive . Retrieved 20 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ben Sommers obituary". Ballet News . 7 . Metropolitan Opera Guild. 1985. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1960675/) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/310720467) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFMfHXYqhxJrq6cg6Frq) National Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012501114705171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014120693) This article about an American businessperson born in the 1900s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐7vq5p Cached time: 20240721030404 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39006539-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721030404 and revision id 548619786. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Clothing brands of Greenland (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Greenland) (1 P) Clothing retailers of Greenland (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Greenland) (1 P) Pages in category "Clothing companies of Greenland" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . G Great Greenland Furhouse (/wiki/Great_Greenland_Furhouse) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Greenland&oldid=548619786 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Greenland&oldid=548619786) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_country) Greenlandic fashion (/wiki/Category:Greenlandic_fashion) Companies of Greenland by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Greenland_by_industry) Clothing companies of Denmark (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Denmark)
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Geminola was a New York vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) store located at 41 Perry Street in the West Village (/wiki/West_Village,_Manhattan) . It was founded in 2004 by Lorraine Kirke, the daughter of a major British tycoon and the ex of Free (/wiki/Free_(band)) and Bad Company (/wiki/Bad_Company) musician Simon Kirke (/wiki/Simon_Kirke) . The store's name was a combination of the names of three of her daughters and son, Greg, Domino (/wiki/Domino_Kirke) , Jemima (/wiki/Jemima_Kirke) and Lola (/wiki/Lola_Kirke) . Jemima Kirke wore a Geminola green velvet dress for the red carpet premier of GIRLS (/wiki/Girls_(TV_series)) . The show's writer, Lena Dunham (/wiki/Lena_Dunham) , worked there during her college years. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) Many of the dresses sold at Geminola were one-of-a-kind pieces, made from vintage dresses and materials. [2] (#cite_note-2) Often only a few dresses of each vintage design were made, due to limited supply of the material. [3] (#cite_note-3) The store was frequented by Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) and pieces were included in the show Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) , [4] (#cite_note-4) other celebrity customers include Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , and Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) [5] (#cite_note-5) Singer/model Kemp Muhl (/wiki/Kemp_Muhl) once mentioned Geminola as being one of her fashion inspirations. [6] (#cite_note-6) Model Daisy Lowe (/wiki/Daisy_Lowe) mentioned a piece she got from Geminola in a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) article. [7] (#cite_note-7) The store is mentioned in a piece about the band The Pierces (/wiki/The_Pierces) , and in other publications. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) Geminola's clothing was used in fashion spreads in the magazines Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , and Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . In June 2013 the store was featured in a piece in Teen Vogue featuring sisters, Domino, Lola, and Jemima modeling the clothing. The music in this piece is by Domino (/wiki/Domino_(band)) . [8] (#cite_note-8) It was mentioned in The Village Voice (/wiki/The_Village_Voice) as being a bright spot in the West Village. [9] (#cite_note-9) Following a 12-year run, Geminola closed in 2016. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ a b Schwartz, Karen (January 2, 2013). "The Clothes Make the 'Girls' (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/fashion/on-this-hit-show-the-clothes-make-the-girls.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) " (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/fashion/on-this-hit-show-the-clothes-make-the-girls.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chang Hanway, Christine (October 31, 2012). "A Designer's Haunt in Greenwich Village" (https://www.remodelista.com/posts/a-designers-haunt-in-greenwich-village/) . Remodelista . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cowles, Charlotte (February 4, 2013). "Lorraine Kirke on Red Wedding Dresses, Dressing Her Daughter Jemima on Girls" (https://www.thecut.com/2013/02/lorraine-kirke-on-red-wedding-dresses-and-girls.html) . The Cut . ^ (#cite_ref-4) press photos from Geminola Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120227140337/http://www.geminola.com/Press%20Photos.html) 2012-02-27 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-5) http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6844201.ece (http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6844201.ece) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) "More Charlotte Kemp Muhl Du Jour 12.6.10" (http://www.belledujournyc.com/2010/12/more-charlotte-kemp-muhl-du-jour-12610.html) . Belle Du Jour NYC. December 6, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Daisy Lowe's fashion and style choices, day 10 (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130912002645/http://www.vogue.co.uk/photo-blogs/daisy-lowe/daisy-lowe-day-10) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/photo-blogs/daisy-lowe/daisy-lowe-day-10) on 2013-09-12 . Retrieved 2013-07-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rubin, Julia (June 27, 2013). "Jemima Kirke and Her Stylish Sisters Model for Their Mom's Store" (http://www.teenvogue.com/fashion/summer-trends/2013-06/geminola-video) . Teen Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Yaeger, Lynn (August 2, 2005). "The Village Is Dying" (http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-08-02/nyc-life/the-village-is-dying/) . The Village Voice . ^ (#cite_ref-10) White Sidell, Misty (March 23, 2016). "Geminola to Close Its Doors in West Village" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/geminola-close-lorraine-kirke-west-village-10397615/) . WWD . External links [ edit ] https://web.archive.org/web/20090210045534/http://www.geminola.com/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20090210045534/http://www.geminola.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f656bc667‐j82lv Cached time: 20240709024524 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.255 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 582/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13849/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 695/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30385/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.097/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3874214/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 214.245 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 214.245 1 -total 68.00% 145.682 7 Template:Cite_news 15.86% 33.976 1 Template:Dead_link 14.02% 30.047 1 Template:Fix 11.66% 24.976 2 Template:Category_handler 4.82% 10.317 1 Template:Webarchive 2.59% 5.548 1 Template:Cite_web 1.91% 4.083 1 Template:Fix/category 0.89% 1.898 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24550550-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709024524 and revision id 1189436933. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geminola&oldid=1189436933 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geminola&oldid=1189436933) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2004 establishments in New York City (/wiki/Category:2004_establishments_in_New_York_City) 2016 disestablishments in New York (state) (/wiki/Category:2016_disestablishments_in_New_York_(state)) Clothing companies established in 2004 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2004) Defunct clothing retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Defunct_clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States) West Village (/wiki/Category:West_Village) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from September 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2021)
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American cosmetics company Elizabeth Arden, Inc. Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Founded 1910 ; 114 years ago ( 1910 ) (as Red Door) Founder Elizabeth Arden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden) Headquarters Miramar, Florida (/wiki/Miramar,_Florida) , U.S. Key people Debra Perelman (President and CEO) Products Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , skin care, and fragrances (/wiki/Fragrance) Revenue US$966.7 million [1] (#cite_note-Gen3-1) (2016) Operating income (/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes) − US$40.9 million [1] (#cite_note-Gen3-1) (2016) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) − US$73.5 million [1] (#cite_note-Gen3-1) (2016) Number of employees ~1,900 Full-time ~500 Part-time [1] (#cite_note-Gen3-1) (2016) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Revlon, Inc. (/wiki/Revlon) Website elizabetharden.com (https://www.elizabetharden.com/) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. is a major American (/wiki/United_States) cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , skin care (/wiki/Skin_care) and fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) company founded by Elizabeth Arden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden) . As of September 7, 2016, the company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Revlon, Inc. (/wiki/Revlon) [2] (#cite_note-Gen1-2) History [ edit ] A 1968 magazine ad of Elizabeth Arden in Persian, in Zan-e Rooz (/wiki/Zan-e_Rooz) The company was founded as Red Door salon on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) in 1910. [3] (#cite_note-3) Arden's company was then sold to Eli Lilly and Company (/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company) in 1971 for $38 million ($285,889,893 today). Eli Lilly and Company sold Arden to Fabergé (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_(cosmetics)) in 1987 for $657 million. Arden's cosmetics company continues to trade today, and was bought from Unilever (/wiki/Unilever) in 2003 by FFI for $225 million, a New York company. They changed the company's name to Elizabeth Arden, which was publicly listed ( Nasdaq (/wiki/Nasdaq) : RDEN (https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/rden) ). The company is located in Pembroke Pines, Florida (/wiki/Pembroke_Pines,_Florida) , a suburb of Miami (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The company continues to offer color coordinated make-up sets, as well as an extensive line of skin care products and treatments. Past 'faces' of Elizabeth Arden were Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) during the 1980s, Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) to the mid-1990s, and Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) . Peter W. England served as president and chief executive officer for five years, before resigning in January 2000. [5] (#cite_note-5) [ failed verification ] He was commonly credited with restoring the company's image and profits. E. Scott Beattie became the company's chief executive officer (CEO) in March 2000, until Debra Perelman took over on May 23, 2018. On December 2, 2014, the company announced Karlina Caune would be the new face of the brand. [6] (#cite_note-6) Since Arden's death, some of the company's focus has shifted to the development of a number of fragrance lines. The company's signature fragrance is called "Red Door" named after their day spas which are called "Elizabeth Arden Red Door Salons". Other fragrances within their own line are "Fifth Avenue", "Green Tea", "Provocative Woman", "Mediterranean", "Pretty", "Red Door Aura" and their newest, "Untold". The company also holds the license to Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) fragrances (/wiki/Britney_Spears_products#Fragrances) , as well as the Hilary Duff (/wiki/Hilary_Duff) , Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) and Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) fragrance collections. Juicy Couture (/wiki/Juicy_Couture) 's "Viva la Juicy", "Couture Couture", and "Peace, Love & Juicy Couture", and Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) and Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) 's fragrance collections are recent additions to the Arden portfolio. [7] (#cite_note-7) In July 2012, as the first ever "Pin to give it" campaign on Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) , Elizabeth Arden aims to supply women with cancer with confidence-boosting make-up products. This is a part of the "Look Good Feel Better" campaign which the company has been a part of for several years. The LGFB is dedicated to helping cancer patients to manage the appearance-related side effects of cancer treatment. [ citation needed ] Sale to Revlon [ edit ] In June 2016, US cosmetics company Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) announced its intention to buy Elizabeth Arden Inc. for US$870 million (£611m). When the deal was concluded, the company was expected to have annual gross sales of US$3 billion. [8] (#cite_note-8) On September 7, 2016, Revlon completed its acquisition of Elizabeth Arden. At the time of the merger, it was expected that E. Scott Beattie would join Revlon, Inc.’s board of directors as non-executive vice chairman and serve as a senior advisor to Fabian Garcia, Revlon's president and chief executive officer. [9] (#cite_note-9) [2] (#cite_note-Gen1-2) On November 3, 2016, Revlon's board of directors appointed E. Scott Beattie, Elizabeth Arden's former chairman, president and chief executive officer, to serve as a member of Revlon's board of directors in the capacity of non-executive vice-chairman. [10] (#cite_note-10) On June 16, 2022, its parent, Revlon, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) . [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Elizabeth Arden (2016-08-15). "Elizabeth Arden, Inc. – Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2016 Results" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/95052/000119312516681445/d241372d10k.htm) . Elizabeth Arden . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ a b "Official Press Release" (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160907006742/en/Revlon-Announces-Completion-Elizabeth-Arden-Acquisition) (Press release). September 7, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) betsyisroelit (2011-09-29). "The Pioneer Spas: Red Door" (https://www.spafinder.com/blog/spa-101/pioneer-spas-red-door/) . Spafinder . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Elizabeth Arden Webmaster. "Corporate Locations, Elizabeth Arden, Inc" (http://corporate.elizabetharden.com/corporate-locations.php) . elizabetharden.com . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Chicago Tribune: Chicago news, sports, weather, entertainment" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . Retrieved 2021-10-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Elizabeth Arden Webmaster. "Elizabeth Arden - a global prestige beauty fragrance cosmetics and skincare products company" (https://archive.today/20150411035848/http://ir.elizabetharden.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=98237&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1994025) . elizabetharden.com (Press release). Archived from the original (http://ir.elizabetharden.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=98237&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1994025) on 11 April 2015 . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "TAYLOR LAUNCHES WONDERSTRUCK" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111124110322/http://www.taylorswift.com/news#57124) . TaylorSwift.com . Archived from the original (http://www.taylorswift.com/news#57124) on November 24, 2011 . Retrieved July 17, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kollewe, Julia (June 17, 2016). "Revlon to buy Elizabeth Arden" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/17/revlon-to-buy-elizabeth-arden-870-million-dollars) . The Guardian . Retrieved June 17, 2016 . The equity value of the deal is $419m, with the rest made up by debt. Revlon said (pdf) it would pay $14 a share for Elizabeth Arden, a 50% premium to Thursday's closing share price. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Elizabeth Arden, Inc., Form 8-K" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/95052/000156761916002921/s001417x1_8k.htm) . SEC Edgar. September 9, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Revlon, Inc., Form 10-Q" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/887921/000088792116000032/rev-2016q310xq.htm) . SEC Edgar. November 4, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Cosmetics maker Revlon files for bankruptcy in US" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61835796) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 2022-06-17 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . 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Type of lingerie This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pettipants) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Pettipants" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pettipants%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pettipants%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pettipants%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pettipants%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pettipants%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pettipants%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Pettipants are a type of lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) worn by women. The name is a portmanteau of petticoat (ultimately from French petit , "small") and pants . Pettipants are similar to long shorts, though they may be made from material such as cotton and lace, and usually have ruffles down each leg. They are available in different lengths up to knee length. In the sixties, they were available in many styles and colors. Nylon and polyester fabrics were used rather than cotton. Lace trim was used. Pettipants are a replacement for a slip, [ citation needed ] and can be regarded as a half-slip with an extra portion that goes underneath the groin. [1] (#cite_note-patent-1) When pettipants were fashionable (they were worn widely in the US during the 1960s) they were usually worn under skirts, dresses, culottes, or walking shorts for modesty or comfort. They are not considered a modern or popular style; [ citation needed ] currently they are most likely to be worn by square dancers (/wiki/Square_dance) [2] (#cite_note-2) or people involved in historical reenactment (/wiki/Historical_reenactment) . Unlike other types of underwear, pettipants will not ride up [1] (#cite_note-patent-1) and eliminate hot-weather chafing. See also [ edit ] Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) References [ edit ] ^ a b Patent Application Titled "Body Shaping Garment" Published Online (USPTO 20180242652). Journal of Engineering p. 1861 (17 September 2018) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lola Butcher (15 January 1990). Dorothy has a sartorial secret: look good stomping hardwood. The Kansas City Business Journal 8 (18): 1 v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pettipants&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐wwkfb Cached time: 20240713190253 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.275 seconds Real time usage: 0.398 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1092/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57422/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1575/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23970/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.156/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3129715/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 316.043 1 -total 35.50% 112.206 3 Template:Navbox 26.87% 84.934 1 Template:Lingerie 23.36% 73.841 1 Template:Short_description 21.56% 68.150 1 Template:Refimprove 19.49% 61.610 1 Template:Ambox 12.81% 40.497 2 Template:Pagetype 9.54% 30.135 1 Template:Historical_clothing 8.98% 28.392 2 Template:Cn 7.13% 22.539 2 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:9877361-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713190253 and revision id 1171440037. 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Leather and bamboo handbag by Gucci Gucci Diana is a leather (/wiki/Leather) handbag (/wiki/Handbag) with bamboo (/wiki/Bamboo) handle designed by the Florence (/wiki/Florence) -based luxury fashion house Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . First introduced in 1991, it was popularized by and then named after Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . The bag is now an expensive status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Design [ edit ] The Diana bag is a rectangular tote (/wiki/Tote_bag) . [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-Reinvented-2) Originally made with wooden bamboo-shaped handles surrounded with functional bands to keep their shape, the bag was first introduced in 1991. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-Reinvented-2) It was redesigned by Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) and released as a part of Gucci's Diana Capsule in 2021. [3] (#cite_note-Zoe-Report-3) The redesigned bag features removable neon leather belts wrapped around the bamboo handles. The detachable high-vis straps have varying fluoro alternatives and the inside of the belts can be decorated with different symbols and letters to bring customizable charm. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-Reinvented-2) The bag is available in three sizes - mini, small and medium - and seven colors, and as of 2021 its price ranges from US$2,600 to US$12,000. [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-Reinvented-2) History [ edit ] Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) has been credited with bringing the handbag into the limelight. In the 1990s, she was constantly photographed by the paparazzi carrying the bag while leaving the gym or walking on the streets. [3] (#cite_note-Zoe-Report-3) It became a signature of "her personal freedom" as she liked to "dispense with the formality around royal dress codes". [2] (#cite_note-Vogue-Reinvented-2) Although the bag instantly became associated with Diana, it was not officially renamed until 2021. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Bobila, Maria (6 July 2021). "Gucci's New '90s-Era Bag Is A Tribute to Princess Diana" (https://www.nylon.com/fashion/gucci-diana-bag-90s-relaunch) . Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ a b c d e Newbold, Alice (6 July 2021). "Gucci Has Reinvented One of Princess Diana's Favorite Handbags" (https://www.vogue.com/article/gucci-diana-handbag-collection) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ a b Childs, Emma (6 July 2021). "You Can Now Buy Princess Diana's Favorite Handbag" (https://www.thezoereport.com/culture/gucci-diana-bag) . The Zoe Report (/wiki/The_Zoe_Report) . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tan, Pakkee (5 July 2021). "Gucci Pays Tribute To Princess Diana, Brings Back Her Favourite Bag" (https://hk.asiatatler.com/style/gucci-princess-diana-tote-bag) . Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) Hong Kong . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . 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(/wiki/The_Little_White_Car) (2004) The Murder of Princess Diana (/wiki/The_Murder_of_Princess_Diana_(book)) (2004) Princess Diana's Revenge (/wiki/Princess_Diana%27s_Revenge) (2006) The Diana Chronicles (/wiki/The_Diana_Chronicles) (2007) The Accident Man (/wiki/The_Accident_Man) (2011) Untold Story (/wiki/Untold_Story_(novel)) (2011) Film and television Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (/wiki/Charles_%26_Diana:_A_Royal_Love_Story) (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (/wiki/The_Royal_Romance_of_Charles_and_Diana) (1982) Spitting Image (/wiki/Spitting_Image) (1984–1996) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (/wiki/Charles_and_Diana:_Unhappily_Ever_After) (1992) Willi und die Windzors (/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors) (1996) Diana: Her True Story (/wiki/Diana:_Her_True_Story_(film)) (1993) Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess (/wiki/Diana:_A_Tribute_to_the_People%27s_Princess) (1998) Diana: The Rose Conspiracy (/wiki/Diana:_The_Rose_Conspiracy) (2005) Whatever Love Means (/wiki/Whatever_Love_Means) (2005) The Queen (2006) Diana: Last Days of a Princess (/wiki/Diana:_Last_Days_of_a_Princess) (2007) The Murder of Princess Diana (/wiki/The_Murder_of_Princess_Diana) (2007) Diana (/wiki/Diana_(2013_film)) (2013) The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) (2020–2023) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(film)) (2021) Documentaries The Queen (/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)) (2009 TV serial) Unlawful Killing (/wiki/Unlawful_Killing_(film)) (2011) Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy (/wiki/Diana,_Our_Mother:_Her_Life_and_Legacy) (2017) The Story of Diana (/wiki/The_Story_of_Diana) (2017) Diana: In Her Own Words (/wiki/Diana:_In_Her_Own_Words) (2017) Diana, 7 Days (/wiki/Diana,_7_Days) (2017) The Princess (/wiki/The_Princess_(2022_documentary_film)) (2022) Plays and musicals Her Royal Highness..? (/wiki/Her_Royal_Highness..%3F) (1981) Diana (/wiki/Diana_(musical)) (2019) Songs " Buckingham Blues (/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic_(album)) " "Diana" (Bryan Adams song) (/wiki/Diana_(Bryan_Adams_song)) " Ain't Nuttin' But Music (/wiki/Ain%27t_Nuttin%27_But_Music) " " Dance in the Dark (/wiki/Dance_in_the_Dark) " Portraits Diana, Princess of Wales (Bryan Organ portrait) (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales_(Bryan_Organ_portrait)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐2nqjn Cached time: 20240721213159 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.260 seconds Real time usage: 0.342 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 818/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 59913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 722/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32657/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4180223/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 272.611 1 -total 40.60% 110.689 1 Template:Reflist 32.93% 89.777 4 Template:Cite_web 31.04% 84.627 4 Template:Navbox 27.62% 75.304 1 Template:Bags 21.00% 57.249 1 Template:Short_description 12.55% 34.218 2 Template:Pagetype 5.29% 14.428 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 4.87% 13.284 4 Template:Main_other 4.11% 11.206 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68176598-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721213159 and revision id 1121404329. 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Dress shop entrepreneur; notorious divorcée Christabel Russell Christabel Russell and son Geoffrey in 1924 Born Christabel Hulme Hart ( 1895-06-22 ) 22 June 1895 Tadley (/wiki/Tadley) , Hampshire (/wiki/Hampshire) , England (/wiki/England) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Died 16 February 1976 (1976-02-16) (aged 80) Galway (/wiki/Galway) , Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) Other names Christabel, Baroness Ampthill Spouse John Hugo Russell (/wiki/John_Russell,_3rd_Baron_Ampthill) ( m. 1918 ; div. 1937) Children Geoffrey (/wiki/Geoffrey_Russell,_4th_Baron_Ampthill) Parents John Hart (father) Blanche Hart (née Erskine) (mother) Christabel Russell (1895–1976), born Christabel Hulme Hart, started a successful fashionable dress shop in London in 1920. She designed the dresses herself and the business expanded to employ nearly forty staff. Before her marriage she habitually went to dances and parties and she received, and refused, many offers of marriage. She went on to become an accomplished horsewoman and in later life took to travelling the world. However she is best known for her central role in a series of court cases starting in 1921, eventually reaching the House of Lords (/wiki/Judicial_functions_of_the_House_of_Lords) in 1924, in which her husband, John Russell (/wiki/John_Hugo_Russell,_3rd_Baron_Ampthill) , unsuccessfully attempted to divorce her on grounds of her alleged adultery. She gave birth to a son shortly before the first case came to court. Medical evidence was given that despite her pregnancy she was still a virgin and John Russell sought to prove he could not have been the father because he had never succeeded in having intercourse with his wife. Christabel spoke of "Hunnish scenes" in the bedroom on one of the rare occasions they shared a bed. [note 1] (#cite_note-hunnish-3) The newspapers were full of salacious details of the evidence given in court which appalled King George V (/wiki/King_George_V) and in 1926 a law was brought in to restrict reporting of divorce cases. Early life [ edit ] Christabel Hulme Hart was born on 22 June 1895 to John Hart, colonel of the Leinster Regiment (/wiki/Leinster_Regiment) , and Blanche Hart (née Blanche Anstruther Erskine). [note 2] (#cite_note-6) She started her childhood at Tadley (/wiki/Tadley) in Hampshire (/wiki/Hampshire) but the family soon moved to Swallowfield (/wiki/Swallowfield) in Berkshire (/wiki/Berkshire) . Her elder sister Gwnydd had been born in 1894 and the girls were taught at home by a governess though Christabel received most of her education from her father. Christabel learned to ride at the age of five and by the age of six could gallop on horseback away from her parents while fox hunting (/wiki/Fox_hunting) . [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20133–6-7) During the Great War (/wiki/Great_War) she worked at Woolwich Arsenal (/wiki/Royal_Arsenal) making munitions and she became promoted to inspector of gun carriages, in charge of 2000 women workers at a salary of £400 (equivalent to £24,600 in 2023). Later she became buyer for the armaments company W G Armstrong Whitworth (/wiki/Sir_W_G_Armstrong_Whitworth_%26_Co_Ltd) . In the evenings she partied and danced, this leading to many marriage proposals that she always accepted and then rejected a few days later. She claimed never to have been in love or to have had any romantic involvements. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20133–6,_44-8) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012124-9) Christabel was 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and athletic, and was described as boyish but not mannish. In the 1920s she was very modern woman, a " flapper (/wiki/Flapper) ": highly fashionable in her speech, bobbed hairstyle and way of dressing. She was "exceedingly unconventional": driving a car and motorcycle and flying an aircraft. Most people considered her beautiful: she was certainly elegant and drew attention. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012121–122-10) In 1915 three midshipmen (/wiki/Midshipmen) from HMS Defence (/wiki/HMS_Defence_(1907)) placed an advertisement in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) seeking young ladies to correspond with. Such an idea would have been socially unacceptable before the war but it was now possible for unmarried young women to be companions for wartime officers who might not have long to live. [note 3] (#cite_note-12) Hundreds of letters arrived in reply and, after rejecting all who had not enclosed a photograph, the officers selected Christabel and arranged to meet her in London. For ten days the foursome dined and went to nightclubs for which one of the officers, John Russell (/wiki/John_Russell,_3rd_Baron_Ampthill) paid for all the expenses. [note 4] (#cite_note-13) Christabel stayed in contact with all three men and on 18 October 1918 she married Russell at St Jude's Church, Kensington (/wiki/St_Jude%27s_Church,_Kensington) . On the day before the wedding Christabel had made her fiancé promise there would be no sex and no children for at least a year or two. [note 5] (#cite_note-15) Russell's parents, Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill (/wiki/Oliver_Russell,_2nd_Baron_Ampthill) and Margaret, Baroness Ampthill (/wiki/Margaret_Russell,_Baroness_Ampthill) did not attend the wedding because they had heard rumours about her being "fast", [note 6] (#cite_note-16) fearing their son had got her pregnant, and thinking the marriage was beneath their dignity. [note 7] (#cite_note-18) However, they did allow the couple to stay with them at their Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Bedfordshire) estate for part of their honeymoon. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20137–11-19) The Russells moved to a small house in Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) and, with John mostly away on submarine duties, Christabel resumed her extensive socialising but without the awkwardness of marriage proposals. Her husband gave her the book Married Love (/wiki/Married_Love) by Marie Stopes (/wiki/Marie_Stopes) in the forlorn hope it would improve their sexual relationship. Despite keeping her physical distance she seemed to love him romantically writing "I'm miserable without you and want to howl, how I wish you were here to put your arms around me and kiss my tears away ...". [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201311–12-20) Career [ edit ] The couple were not particularly well off, living off John's salary of £275 from Vickers (/wiki/Vickers) (equivalent to £14,000 in 2023) and an annual allowance from his father of £100 (equivalent to £5,100 in 2023) so Christabel in 1920 opened a dress shop, Christabel Russell Ltd., in Curzon Street (/wiki/Curzon_Street) , Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) , designing most of the clothes herself. In 1923 she drew a salary of £400 (equivalent to £28,800 in 2023). The business was a success and came to employ nearly forty people. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201314-21) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012124-9) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2016291-22) At the time of their marriage, John Russell did not dance or visit nightclubs, which Christabel did all the time. They slept in separate bedrooms. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012122-23) Rather quickly the relationship broke down leading to a series of highly notorious court cases (see below). Christabel Russell's biographer Bevis Hillier (/wiki/Bevis_Hillier) considered that, because of the sensational news headlines, she became in 1924 the most famous woman in Britain, succeeding Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) and preceding Agatha Christie (/wiki/Agatha_Christie) (1926). [note 8] (#cite_note-24) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013163-25) She published a novel Afraid of Love in 1925 with strong autobiographical overtones. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013165–173-26) [19] (#cite_note-27) Then she went on to write a screenplay for a film of the same name in which she appeared in the leading role, also starring Juliette Compton (/wiki/Juliette_Compton) and Leslie Faber (/wiki/Leslie_Faber_(actor)) . The film was poorly received and no copy is known to have survived. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013165–173-26) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2016284–285-28) [21] (#cite_note-29) She later designed the costumes for several films. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2016a303-30) In 1941 she designed Elizabeth Jane Howard (/wiki/Elizabeth_Jane_Howard) 's wedding trousseau, using parachute silk and curtain netting for the underwear because of the wartime conditions. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward200254–55,_115,_217-31) She continued in charge of the dress shop for almost forty years while it remained highly successful. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201318-32) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2016a303-30) Marriage breakdown [ edit ] See also: Russell case (/wiki/Russell_case) In the course of the year 1920 the Russell's marriage deteriorated with John Russell sometimes being violent, threatening to shoot his wife, or indeed himself, and then becoming tearfully contrite. Over Christmas at the Ampthills' estate there was only one bed available so, unusually, they slept together. It was never known what happened that night but at their divorce case next year Christabel claimed she had become pregnant by her husband but he claimed this was completely impossible. [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201321–22-33) On 17 June 1921 at a session with a clairvoyant, Christabel Russell was told to her astonishment she was five months pregnant. Four days later a doctor confirmed the pregnancy and its timing but after examining her gynecologically said that he would have considered that she was still a virgin. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20131–2,_66-34) Quite coincidentally, and before his wife had told him of her pregnancy, Russell had been to his solicitor on 21 June to see about obtaining a divorce. On 23 June the couple met and when Christabel told him her news he was delighted, not doubting that he was, mysteriously, the father, and she shared in his pleasure. It was only much later, at the trial for divorce, that she told her husband she was still, technically, a virgin. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012134-35) Lady Ampthill greeted her son's paternity with disbelief and succeeded in persuading Russell that he could not be the father and that Christabel must have been unfaithful to him. They agreed to live separately, she with her mother. By July the Ampthills' solicitors notified Christabel that divorce proceedings would be taken against her on grounds of her adultery and citing two named co-respondents (one of them one of the other naval officers from the 1915 partying) as well as a man unknown. The court case could not commence for almost a year and on 15 October 1921 Christabel gave birth to a boy who was named Geoffrey. She wrote to her husband, adamant the child could only be his and hoping to restore the marriage, but Russell did not reply. The dress shop thrived, partly on account of curious customers but Christabel accepted her solicitors' advice not to be seen out alone with any man. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201321–27,_29-36) The birth of her child affected her feelings: she wrote to her husband "It is extraordinary how it changes ones outlook having a baby... I feel quite different". [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012134-35) First divorce case [ edit ] The divorce trial commenced in July 1922 and was reported on in detail in the press. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201328-37) Russell's parents hired a very strong legal team including Sir John Simon (/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon) and Douglas Hogg (/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham) (later the first Lord Hailsham). Christabel and the named co-respondents were also well represented. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201329,_33–34-38) Simon's opening statement was very aggressive, so much so that, when he claimed that the marriage had not been consummated and that the couple shared a dislike of contraceptives, one of the two women jurors became distressed and needed to be discharged. The judge, Sir Henry Duke (/wiki/Henry_Duke,_1st_Baron_Merrivale) , felt the presence of women on the jury was helpful in such a difficult case, and was relieved when the other woman thought she could continue. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201330–32-39) One witness said that Christabel had spoken to her of becoming pregnant through "Hunnish scenes" [note 1] (#cite_note-hunnish-3) in the bedroom. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201338–39-40) Christabel's counsel claimed that, as a matter of law deriving from a case in 1777, if a husband and wife are living together at the relevant time, the child is the husband's and any contrary evidence he may give should not be heard by the court. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201343-41) Christabel was asked under cross-examination about the "Hunnish scenes" and she said these referred to occasions of "incomplete relations". [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201348-42) [note 9] (#cite_note-43) The baby was produced for the jury to inspect [note 10] (#cite_note-45) and the clairvoyant gave evidence that she was a "psychological expert", not a fortune-teller, and her diagnosis was possible by detecting Christabel's "vibrations of the hormones". [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201352–53,_56-46) Eventually, and after the case had lasted 16 days, the jury found Christabel had not committed adultery with either of the two named co-respondents but could not agree concerning the man unknown. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201367-47) The named co-respondents were dismissed from the case, with costs, and the Ampthills had to bear their costs and most of those of Christabel. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201369-48) King George V (/wiki/King_George_V) was outraged by the press coverage of the case and this added impetus to the existing pressure for press restrictions, so leading to the 1926 Judicial Proceedings Act (/w/index.php?title=1926_Judicial_Proceedings_Act&action=edit&redlink=1) which banned publication of "any indecent matter" in divorce cases. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201370,_74-49) Second divorce case and appeals to High Court and House of Lords [ edit ] Daily Mirror , 2 March 1923 In 1923 John Russell brought a second divorce case with amended grounds, with Sir Edward Marshall Hall (/wiki/Edward_Marshall_Hall) as counsel, claiming that, in addition, his wife had frequently committed adultery with Edgar Mayer. The details of the Russells' marriage were admitted in evidence all over again giving the press another opportunity to report. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201380–82-50) [41] (#cite_note-51) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013117-52) The doctor who had originally diagnosed the pregnancy gave evidence that as well as being pregnant she "showed signs of virginity" and this was confirmed by a second doctor giving evidence. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201352-53) Under cross-examination Christabel said that at the time of her marriage she did not know what intercourse was but she did know that men were physically different from women because she had been an art student and had studied anatomy from the age of twelve. When asked by Marshall Hall "Have you never had the smallest curiosity to know what that portion of the man's body was intended by nature for?" she replied "I had not the smallest curiosity". Marshall Hall: "Do you know that that in moments of passion that portion of a man's body gets large?" – "I did not know that". Marshall Hall: "Do you know that now?" – "You have just told me". [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012132-54) Despite all this the jury found that she had committed adultery with the man unknown and John was granted a decree nisi (/wiki/Decree_nisi) . [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013141–142-55) The outcome of this case caused much surprise in the press and among the involved barristers. Marshall Hall thought that, as in the first case, the "mother fighting for her child" would sway the jury. However her intellectual strength and rapier wit in the witness box may have counted against her. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012134–136-56) Christabel Russell's appeal against this verdict was unanimously dismissed by the three judges of the High Court (/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice) with costs awarded against her. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013144–147-57) She then appealed to House of Lords (/wiki/Judicial_functions_of_the_House_of_Lords) in 1924 where five law lords heard the case: lords Finlay (/wiki/Viscount_Finlay) , Birkenhead (/wiki/Earl_of_Birkenhead) , Dunedin (/wiki/Andrew_Murray,_1st_Viscount_Dunedin) , Carson (/wiki/Edward_Carson) and Sumner (/wiki/John_Hamilton,_1st_Viscount_Sumner) . [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013149-58) By a majority they concluded that, under established English law, a husband or wife is not permitted to give evidence that their child, though born in wedlock, is actually illegitimate. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013157–162-59) Hence the husband's evidence that he had never had intercourse with his wife should not have been allowed in court, the appeal court had been in error, and there had been no admissible evidence of adultery. The upshot was that the couple remained legally married and the child remained the couple's. [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013160–161-60) Court case concerning legitimacy of Geoffrey Russell [ edit ] Christabel Russell's husband was still denying he was the father of her son Geoffrey so another court case led to the judge, Rigby Swift (/wiki/Rigby_Swift) , issuing a decree in 1926: "I decree and declare that the petitioner Geoffrey Denis Erskine Russell (/wiki/Geoffrey_Russell,_4th_Baron_Ampthill) is the lawful child of his parents, the Hon. John Russell and Christabel Hulme Russell". [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013175,_178-61) Later life [ edit ] Dunguaire Castle (/wiki/Dunguaire_Castle) in County Galway (/wiki/County_Galway) In 1935 John Russell's father, the 2nd Lord Ampthill (/wiki/Oliver_Russell,_2nd_Baron_Ampthill) , died so Christabel became Lady Ampthill whereupon she petitioned for divorce, which became absolute in 1937. [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013217-62) In the 1930s Christabel had at least two men who her close relatives regarded as her "boyfriends", one of them the dashing Charles de Beaumont (/wiki/Charles_de_Beaumont) , a champion fencer who years later still kept her photograph on which he had written "Chris Ampthill, my great girlfriend in the 1930s". De Beaumont's son did not think his father "would have been satisfied with a platonic relationship". [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013228-63) Nancy Mitford (/wiki/Nancy_Mitford) , in writing The Pursuit of Love (/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_Love) in 1945, referred to "the Russell case" assuming her readers would still at least have heard of it. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2016a303-30) In 1957 Christabel emigrated to County Meath (/wiki/County_Meath) in Ireland where she became Master of the Ballymacaid Hunt before moving to live in Dunguaire Castle (/wiki/Dunguaire_Castle) in County Galway (/wiki/County_Galway) which she purchased from Oliver St John Gogarty (/wiki/Oliver_St_John_Gogarty) . She regularly rode with several fox hunts so she could hunt seven days a week when she chose, riding sidesaddle (/wiki/Sidesaddle) and wearing a beaver hat (/wiki/Beaver_hat) and riding habit (/wiki/Riding_habit) . She befriended the five or six year old Anjelica Huston (/wiki/Anjelica_Huston) , and took her riding and hunting. Huston recalled "She spoke in the slow, emphatic English of the Anglo upper class. Her stature, the way she held herself, was something from the eighteenth century. It led to the idea that she was aloof; but she wasn't, she was sweet . She was very welcoming". Eventually Huston based her portrayal of Mrs Rattery in A Handful of Dust (/wiki/A_Handful_of_Dust_(film)) on her. [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013216–226-64) John Russell died in 1973 and the press announced that his son with Christabel, Geoffrey Russell, would succeed to the peerage. However, after his first marriage the third Lord Ampthill married twice again and by his third wife in 1950 he had another son, who was also called John and now claimed the peerage for himself. [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013203–205-65) At the time this news broke Christabel was in Australia as part of travelling solo around the world so she started to drive back to England in her car. [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013205–206-66) It seemed blood tests might be required so the ambassador in Tehran was written to [note 11] (#cite_note-68) asking him to hand her a letter requesting her to provide a blood sample for analysis. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013211-69) Geoffrey also wrote to his mother to say that a friend from years ago, Eileen Hunter (/w/index.php?title=Eileen_Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1) , had just published a biography Christabel: the Russell case and after which he described as "It is just as dreadful as we all expected it would be". [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013207,_212-70) The Attorney General (/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales) decided that, since the divorce issues had previously reached the House of Lords, they should decide the matter on this occasion as well, this time via a referral to the Lords' Committee for Privileges and Conduct (/wiki/Committee_for_Privileges_and_Conduct) . Christabel died of a massive stroke in a Galway hospital on 16 February 1976, exactly a week before the hearings began. [60] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013213–214,_234-71) The committee unanimously decided that Geoffrey, not John, was the rightful 4th Baron Ampthill (/wiki/Geoffrey_Russell,_4th_Baron_Ampthill) . [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013256-72) Notes [ edit ] ^ a b Christabel's biographer Bevis Hillier (/wiki/Bevis_Hillier) writes that the expression "Hunnish scenes" derived from the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) when it was a term of loathing used against the Germans. In the context of the Russells' divorce cases it became a subject of ribald jocularity. However Christabel's husband said she used the word to describe anything she did not like. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201339-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBland2012128-2) ^ (#cite_ref-6) 1895, the year of her birth. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20133-4) 22 June from "That happened on 21 June 1921; but he suddenly remembered that the next day was Christabel's birthday". [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201323-5) ^ (#cite_ref-12) In fact, only one week after the midshipmen had left the ship, HMS Defence (/wiki/HMS_Defence_(1907)) sank with all hands lost. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20137-11) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sixty years later another of the officers wrote "It was terribly non-sexual. ... [Sex] wasn't something that occurred with girls of your own class until you were married". [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20137-11) ^ (#cite_ref-15) In December 1917 she had accepted a marriage proposal from Russell but next month wrote to him calling off the engagement. Later, but also before her eventual marriage, she had eloped to Edinburgh (/wiki/Edinburgh) with another of the midshipmen, Gilbert Barclay. However they did not meet the Scottish residence requirements and returned still unmarried with Barclay angry that Christabel seemed somewhat relieved. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier20139–10-14) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Fast" – 9b. depreciative . Of a woman: failing to abide by the social norms of behaviour, dress, speech, etc., specifically expected of women (now disused ). In later use: sexually promiscuous. "fast" (https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/68420) . Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) (Online ed.). Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . (Subscription or participating institution membership (https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Lady Ampthill was Woman of the Bedchamber (/wiki/Woman_of_the_Bedchamber) to Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) and cherished the hope of her son marrying the Princess Royal (/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood) . [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201311-17) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) married the Duke of York (/wiki/George_VI) , later George VI, in 1923. Agatha Christie (/wiki/Agatha_Christie) famously went missing in 1926. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Hunnish scenes" are referred to by Hillier as: "Simon also mocked Christabel's melodramatic phrase 'Hunnish scenes'. She said that the expression referred to the occasions when there bad been incomplete relations between John Hugo and herself. She was now told that the child had been begotten as a result of these relations ..." [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier201348-42) ^ (#cite_ref-45) It was not until 1939 that courts in England approved paternity testing using blood groups (/wiki/Blood_group) . [35] (#cite_note-44) ^ (#cite_ref-68) Attempts to reach Christabel in Madras, Delhi, Lahore and Kabul had all failed. [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillier2013211–212-67) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201339_1-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 39. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2012128_2-0) Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , p. 128. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20133_4-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201323_5-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 23. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20133–6_7-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 3–6. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20133–6,_44_8-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 3–6, 44. ^ a b Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , p. 124. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2012121–122_10-0) Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , pp. 121–122. ^ a b Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 7. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20139–10_14-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 9–10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201311_17-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20137–11_19-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 7–11. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201311–12_20-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 11–12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201314_21-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2016291_22-0) Bland (2016) (#CITEREFBland2016) , p. 291. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2012122_23-0) Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , p. 122. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013163_25-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 163. ^ a b Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 165–173. ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Afraid of Love. A novel" (https://www.worldcat.org/title/774485583) . www.worldcat.org . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC) . Retrieved 18 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2016284–285_28-0) Bland (2016) (#CITEREFBland2016) , pp. 284–285. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "111845, Afraid of Love" (https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150105515) . Collections-search . British Film Institute (/wiki/British_Film_Institute) . Retrieved 18 January 2023 . ^ a b c Bland (2016a) (#CITEREFBland2016a) , p. 303. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward200254–55,_115,_217_31-0) Howard (2002) (#CITEREFHoward2002) , pp. 54–55, 115, 217. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201318_32-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201321–22_33-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 21–22. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier20131–2,_66_34-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 1–2, 66. ^ a b Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , p. 134. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201321–27,_29_36-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 21–27, 29. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201328_37-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 28. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201329,_33–34_38-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 29, 33–34. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201330–32_39-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 30–32. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201338–39_40-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 38–39. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201343_41-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 43. ^ a b Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 48. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Geserick, Gunther; Wirth, Ingo (2012). "Genetic Kinship Investigation from Blood Groups to DNA Markers" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3375130) . Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy . 39 (3): 163–175. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1159/000338850 (https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000338850) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3375130 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3375130) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22851931 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22851931) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201352–53,_56_46-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 52–53, 56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201367_47-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 67. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201369_48-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 69. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201370,_74_49-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 70, 74. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201380–82_50-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 80–82. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Sordid details of Ampthill divorce case captivates public - archive" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/mar/14/ampthill-divorce-russell-case-1923) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 14 March 2016 . Retrieved 15 February 2023 . reprinting the article of 14 March 1923 ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013117_52-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 117. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier201352_53-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 52. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2012132_54-0) Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , p. 132. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013141–142_55-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 141–142. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBland2012134–136_56-0) Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , pp. 134–136. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013144–147_57-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 144–147. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013149_58-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 149. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013157–162_59-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 157–162. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013160–161_60-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 160–161. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013175,_178_61-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 175, 178. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013217_62-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 217. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013228_63-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 228. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013216–226_64-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 216–226. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013203–205_65-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 203–205. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013205–206_66-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 205–206. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013211–212_67-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 211–212. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013211_69-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 211. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013207,_212_70-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 207, 212. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013213–214,_234_71-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , pp. 213–214, 234. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillier2013256_72-0) Hillier (2013) (#CITEREFHillier2013) , p. 256. Works cited [ edit ] Bland, Lucy (/wiki/Lucy_Bland) (1 April 2012). " 'Hunnish Scenes' and a 'Virgin Birth': a 1920s Case of Sexual and Bodily Ignorance". History Workshop Journal . 73 (1): 118–143. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/hwj/dbr036 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhwj%2Fdbr036) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 23277783 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23277783) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22830094 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22830094) . Bland, Lucy (/wiki/Lucy_Bland) (2016). "5: 'Hunnish Scenes' and a 'Virgin Birth': the contested marriage and motherhood of a curious modern woman". Modern women on trial Sexual transgression in the age of the flapper . Manchester University Press (/wiki/Manchester_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847798954 . – the chapter of this book contains considerable portions of Bland (2012) (#CITEREFBland2012) , pp. 118–143 Bland, Lucy (/wiki/Lucy_Bland) (2016a). "Afterlives". Modern women on trial Sexual transgression in the age of the flapper . Manchester University Press (/wiki/Manchester_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847798954 . Hillier, Bevis (/wiki/Bevis_Hillier) (2013). The Virgin's Baby: the Battle of the Ampthill succession . London: Hopcyn Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780957297760 . Hiller refers the reader to further information at http://www.hopcynpress.com/the-armchair/the-virgins-baby (http://www.hopcynpress.com/the-armchair/the-virgins-baby) Howard, Elizabeth Jane (/wiki/Elizabeth_Jane_Howard) (2002). Slipstream: a memoir . Macmillan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-333-90349-8 . Further reading [ edit ] Hunter, Eileen (1973). Christabel: the Russell case and after . André Deutsch (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Deutsch) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0233964799 . Wilkes, Roger (2 September 2000). "Inside story: Oakley House - Telegraph" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091009125755/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/4810502/Inside-story-Oakley-House.html) . Daily Telegraph (/wiki/Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/4810502/Inside-story-Oakley-House.html) on 9 October 2009. "Was Mother a Virgin?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071117114605/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879625,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . 8 March 1976. Archived from the original (https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,879625,00.html) on 17 November 2007. 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American actress and musician Andy Allo Allo in March 2022 Background information Born ( 1989-01-13 ) January 13, 1989 (age 35) Bamenda (/wiki/Bamenda) , Northwest Region (/wiki/Northwest_Region_(Cameroon)) , Cameroon (/wiki/Cameroon) Origin Sacramento, California (/wiki/Sacramento,_California) Genres Funk (/wiki/Funk) , soul, neo-soul (/wiki/Neo_soul) , rhythm and blues (/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues) , pop Occupation(s) Actress, musician, model, singer-songwriter Instrument(s) Vocals, guitar, piano Website andyallo (http://andyallo.com) .com (http://andyallo.com) Musical artist Andy Allo (born January 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress. [1] (#cite_note-1) She released her first of three albums in 2009, and joined Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) 's band, The New Power Generation (/wiki/The_New_Power_Generation) , in 2011. She had a recurring role in three episodes of the comedy-drama (/wiki/Comedy-drama) series The Game (/wiki/The_Game_(U.S._TV_series)) in 2011, followed by a number of other roles, including a supporting role in the 2017 film Pitch Perfect 3 (/wiki/Pitch_Perfect_3) and the lead role of Nora in Amazon Prime (/wiki/Amazon_Prime) 's series Upload (/wiki/Upload_(TV_series)) (2020). Early life and education [ edit ] Born in Bamenda (/wiki/Bamenda) , Northwest Region (/wiki/Northwest_Region_(Cameroon)) , Cameroon (/wiki/Cameroon) , Allo developed an interest in music at an early age; her mother taught her to play the piano at age seven. [ citation needed ] She also went to PNEU (/wiki/Parents%27_National_Educational_Union) school Bamenda, Cameroon. She is the youngest of five siblings. [2] (#cite_note-2) Allo holds dual citizenship in the United States and Cameroon and moved with her sister Suzanne to Sacramento (/wiki/Sacramento) in 2000 at the age of eleven, joining three other siblings. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Her Californian-born mother, Sue, [4] (#cite_note-4) was forced to move back after suffering chronic fatigue syndrome. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Her father Andrew Allo is an ecologist. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Allo's US education began in seventh grade at Arden Middle School in Sacramento, and she graduated in 2006 from El Camino Fundamental High School (/wiki/El_Camino_Fundamental_High_School) in Sacramento. Following high school, Allo attended American River College (/wiki/American_River_College) in Sacramento (/wiki/Sacramento) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) At that time, Allo formed her own band, Allo and the Traffic Jam, which occasionally performed for tips on the corner of 22nd and J streets in Sacramento. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Career [ edit ] Allo's first solo gig was an open mic night in 2008 at the Fox & Goose Public House in downtown Sacramento. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 2009, she released her first independent album, UnFresh , a collection of 12 original songs. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The album's first single, "Dreamland", features the rapper (/wiki/Rapper) Blu (/wiki/Blu_(rapper)) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Allo's reputation as a musician led her to a role as a singer and guitarist in American musician Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) 's band, the New Power Generation (/wiki/New_Power_Generation) , in 2011. [10] (#cite_note-10) She began writing with Prince while on tour, [11] (#cite_note-11) collaborating on three songs, "Superconductor", "The Calm" and "Long Gone", which appear on Allo's album, Superconductor . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Superconductor was released on 20 November 2012, and the album debuted at number one on Amazon.com (/wiki/Amazon.com) 's Soul and R&B charts in France, the United Kingdom and the US [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) The album also features musicians Maceo Parker (/wiki/Maceo_Parker) and Trombone Shorty (/wiki/Trombone_Shorty) . [ citation needed ] . She also appeared on three songs on Prince's 2014 album Art Official Age (/wiki/Art_Official_Age) , in "Breakdown", she sings background vocals, and on both "What It Feels Like" and "Time", she sings co-lead vocals. She would appear again on a Prince album in 2015, when he included "Rocknroll Loveaffair" on Hit n Run Phase Two (/wiki/Hit_n_Run_Phase_Two) , and it also includes "Xtralovable", which was originally released in 2011 and included a rap verse by Allo, but it was replaced by a horn section in this version. In October 2014, she released her single "Tongue Tied". Hello was released in April 2015 and was funded through PledgeMusic (/wiki/PledgeMusic) . In the same year she collaborated with Prince on a covers project titled Oui Can Luv (/wiki/Oui_Can_Luv) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Allo first appeared on screen in 2011, in three episodes of the comedy-drama (/wiki/Comedy-drama) series The Game (/wiki/The_Game_(U.S._TV_series)) . She has been interviewed on the talk show Attack of the Show! (/wiki/Attack_of_the_Show!) , and performed her music on the talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2017, she appeared in the film Pitch Perfect 3 (/wiki/Pitch_Perfect_3) as Serenity, a member of the band called Evermoist, alongside Ruby Rose (/wiki/Ruby_Rose) . Since 2020, she's played the female lead role of Nora in the Amazon Prime TV series Upload (/wiki/Upload_(TV_series)) . In March 2023, Allo guest voiced Lyanna Hazard, daughter of Shep Hazard and niece of Phee Genoa, in Star Wars: The Bad Batch (/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch) . [18] (#cite_note-celestino2023-18) Discography [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] UnFresh (2009) Superconductor (2012) Hello (2015) Oui Can Luv (/wiki/Oui_Can_Luv) (2015) One Step Closer (2017) Filmography [ edit ] Film Year Title Role Notes 2017 Pitch Perfect 3 (/wiki/Pitch_Perfect_3) Serenity 2020 2 Minutes of Fame (/wiki/2_Minutes_of_Fame) Taylor 2023 Assassin (/wiki/Assassin_(2023_film)) Mali TBA Absolute Dominion (/wiki/Absolute_Dominion) Post-production [19] (#cite_note-19) Television Year Title Role Notes 2018 Black Lightning (/wiki/Black_Lightning_(TV_series)) Zoe B. Episode: "The Book of Consequences: Chapter Two: Black Jesus Blues" 2019–2021 Chicago Fire (/wiki/Chicago_Fire_(TV_series)) Lieutenant Wendy Seager Recurring role 2020–Present Upload (/wiki/Upload_(TV_series)) Nora Antony Main role 2023 Star Wars: The Bad Batch (/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch) Lyana Hazard (voice) Episode: "Pabu" [20] (#cite_note-20) See also [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Cameroon portal (/wiki/Portal:Cameroon) Pop music portal (/wiki/Portal:Pop_music) R&B and Soul Music portal (/wiki/Portal:R%26B_and_Soul_Music) Television portal (/wiki/Portal:Television) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) List of singer-songwriters (/wiki/List_of_singer-songwriters) List of Cameroonians (/wiki/List_of_Cameroonians) List of funk musicians (/wiki/List_of_funk_musicians) List of soul musicians (/wiki/List_of_soul_musicians) List of rhythm guitarists (/wiki/List_of_rhythm_guitarists) List of pop and rock pianists (/wiki/List_of_pop_and_rock_pianists) Music of Cameroon (/wiki/Music_of_Cameroon) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Daily Feed with Andy Allo 4.22.11" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053106/http://www.g4tv.com/videos/52571/the-daily-feed-with-andy-allo-42211/) . G4 TV (/wiki/G4_(U.S._TV_channel)) . 22 April 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.g4tv.com/videos/52571/the-daily-feed-with-andy-allo-42211/) on 2 December 2017 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Andy Allo Bio" (https://www.andyallo.com/about) . www.andyallo.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Towne, Stephanie (August 2012). "A profile of singer-songwriter Andy Allo" (http://www.sactownmag.com/August-September-2012/Foxy-Lady/) . sactownmag.com . Sactown Magazine . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "San Joaquin County Deaths/Obituaries - C. Norman Adams" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214622/http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19950311/A_NEWS/303119991) . recordnet.com . 11 March 1995. Archived from the original (http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19950311/A_NEWS/303119991) on 26 August 2018 . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . Survivors: wife, Viola Adams of Lodi; children, Christopher Adams and Peggy A. Adams, both of Sacramento, Ted Adams of Galt and Sue G. Allo of Cameroon; and 11 grandchildren. ^ Jump up to: a b Darden, Jenee (26 January 2010). "Cocoa Fly: You Need To Know.... Andy Allo" (http://www.cocoafly.com/2010/01/you-need-to-know-andy-allo.html) . www.cocoafly.com . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Echenique, Jeannie (12 September 1979). "Business, pleasure, bring African to Lodi" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19790912&id=YBgzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6873,1114714&hl=en) . news.google.com . Lodi News-Sentinel . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Bounce-Worthy: Andy Allo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121227030132/http://www.soulbounce.com/soul/2009/11/bounce-worthy_andy_allo.php) . www.soulbounce.com. Archived from the original (http://www.soulbounce.com/soul/2009/11/bounce-worthy_andy_allo.php) on 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Andy Allo - Unfresh (2009) (Review)" (http://www.soultracks.com/review-andy-allo-unfresh) . SoulTracks - Soul Music Biographies, News and Reviews . 21 December 2009 . Retrieved 15 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "iRock Jazz" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160502145336/http://irockjazz.com/2012/11/introducing-andy-allo/) . irockjazz.com . Archived from the original (http://irockjazz.com/2012/11/introducing-andy-allo/) on 2 May 2016 . Retrieved 21 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Andy Allo Listening Party, Sun, 9/23 @ Chicago House of Blues w/Special Guests New Power Generation Band" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143046/http://prince.org/msg/5/387406/Andy-Allo-Listening-Party-announced-for-Chicago-Sunday-23rd-September) . Prince.org. Archived from the original (http://prince.org/msg/5/387406/Andy-Allo-Listening-Party-announced-for-Chicago-Sunday-23rd-September) on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ramirez, Erika (26 March 2013). "Andy Allo Talks Working With Prince, Performs Two Songs" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/1554479/andy-allo-talks-working-with-prince-performs-two-songs) . Billboard . Retrieved 15 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "[Interview] Andy Allo: Prince's Protégé Comes into Her Own" (http://www.ebony.com/entertainment-culture/interview-andy-allo-008) . Ebony (/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)) . 22 October 2012 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Andy Allo on New Album and Working with Prince & The New Power Generation" (http://lifeandtimes.com/andy-allo-on-new-album-and-working-with-prince-the-new-power-generation) . LifeandTimes.com. 9 November 2012 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Prince Protégé Andy Allo Tops Amazon Charts with Superconductor" (http://www.noise11.com/news/prince-protege-andy-allo-tops-amazon-charts-with-superconductor-20121122) . www.noise11.com . 21 November 2012 . Retrieved 21 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Andy Allo Tops Amazon Charts with "Superconductor" (http://www.drfunkenberry.com/2012/11/21/andy-allo-tops-amazon-charts-with-superconductor/) " (http://www.drfunkenberry.com/2012/11/21/andy-allo-tops-amazon-charts-with-superconductor/) . www.drfunkenberry.com. 21 November 2012 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Petridis, Alexis (12 November 2015). "Prince: 'Transcendence. That's what you want. When that happens – Oh, boy' (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/12/prince-interview-paisley-park-studios-minneapolis) " (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/12/prince-interview-paisley-park-studios-minneapolis) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 1 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Chanel, Paris (1 April 2013). "WATCH: Andy Allo Performs "People Pleaser" On Jimmy Kimmel Live" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121918/http://www.thevinylbridge.com/music/rbsoul/watch-andy-allo-performs-people-pleaser-on-jimmy-kimmel-live/) . www.thevinylbridge.com . Archived from the original (http://www.thevinylbridge.com/music/rbsoul/watch-andy-allo-performs-people-pleaser-on-jimmy-kimmel-live/) on 9 January 2018 . Retrieved 15 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-celestino2023_18-0) Celestino, Mike (15 March 2023). "TV Review / Recap: Clone Force 99 Visits Phee Genoa's Peaceful Home Planet in "Star Wars: The Bad Batch" – "Pabu" (https://www.laughingplace.com/w/articles/2023/03/15/tv-review-recap-clone-force-99-visits-phee-genoas-peaceful-home-planet-in-star-wars-the-bad-batch-pabu/) " (https://www.laughingplace.com/w/articles/2023/03/15/tv-review-recap-clone-force-99-visits-phee-genoas-peaceful-home-planet-in-star-wars-the-bad-batch-pabu/) . Laughing Place . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315180741/https://www.laughingplace.com/w/articles/2023/03/15/tv-review-recap-clone-force-99-visits-phee-genoas-peaceful-home-planet-in-star-wars-the-bad-batch-pabu/) from the original on 15 March 2023 . Retrieved 15 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) 'Absolute Dominion': Netflix Martial Arts Pic Casts Désiré Mia, Fabiano Viett, Alex Winter, Patton Oswalt, Julie Ann Emery, More (https://deadline.com/2022/04/absolute-dominion-casts-alex-winter-patton-oswalt-more-1235012261/) ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The Bad Batch Season 2 Episode 13 Review: Safe Island" (https://www.leisurebyte.com/the-bad-batch-season-2-episode-13-review/) . Leisure Byte . 15 March 2023 . Retrieved 15 March 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andy Allo (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andy_Allo) . Andy Allo instagram (https://www.instagram.com/andyallo/) Andy Allo (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3698103/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Andy Allo (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0002090405) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/120512898) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpDMTxCGPcdR3RRrCBgKd) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010054830) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a8fe637d-1964-44fe-a435-586a1d4c782d) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐gmxlt Cached time: 20240720170346 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.480 seconds Real time usage: 0.660 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2750/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 59494/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3602/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 15/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81106/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.311/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8709983/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 605.872 1 -total 26.56% 160.922 1 Template:Reflist 20.74% 125.662 16 Template:Cite_web 18.86% 114.239 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 16.69% 101.115 1 Template:Infobox 12.91% 78.235 1 Template:Authority_control 10.72% 64.963 2 Template:Short_description 8.46% 51.255 2 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.42% 50.989 2 Template:Citation_needed 7.74% 46.924 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38133590-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170346 and revision id 1219286437. 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Kenyan-born British model Malaika Firth Firth walking for Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Spring/Summer 2014 during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) Born ( 1994-03-23 ) 23 March 1994 (age 30) [2] (#cite_note-fmd-2) Mombasa (/wiki/Mombasa) , Kenya Nationality British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Kenyan (/wiki/Kenya) Children 1 Modeling information Height 1.74 m (5 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency Marilyn Agency (/wiki/Marilyn_Agency) (New York) Oui Management (Paris) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (Milan) Premier Model Management (London) R1 Mgmt (Barcelona) Le Management (Copenhagen, Stockholm) Model Management (Hamburg) Folio Montreal (Montreal) Chic Management (Sydney) DT Model Management (West Hollywood) [1] (#cite_note-1) Malaika Firth (born 23 March 1994) [2] (#cite_note-fmd-2) is a Kenyan (/wiki/Kenya) -born British (/wiki/Great_Britain) model (/wiki/Fashion_model) . Firth attracted attention when, in 2013, she was booked as the first black model in nearly 20 years to appear in a Prada (/wiki/Prada) advertising campaign. Early life [ edit ] Firth was born in Mombasa (/wiki/Mombasa) , Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) and brought up in Barking (/wiki/Barking,_London) , a suburban town in East London, when she was seven years old. [3] (#cite_note-3) Her family in Kenya belongs to the ethnic group of the Giriama (/wiki/Giriama_people) . [4] (#cite_note-huffington-4) Her father, Eric, is of British, Seychellois and Ugandan descent, [ citation needed ] and mother, Jecinta, is half-Kenyan and half-Swiss. Malaika was born in Kenya and lived there until she was seven, when the family moved to Barking. Eric worked as a French polisher at the Four Seasons (/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotels_and_Resorts) . When Malaika talks about her family you get a glimpse of her ambition, but also of a rootedness that might save her from her industry’s worst excesses. She says, "I don’t come from a posh or high-class background. We lived in flats in the ghetto, our version of 'the Bronx'. We weren’t poor, but there wasn't a lot of money. I shared a room with my sister and my auntie. I struggled getting by in school, with £2 for my lunch. When the EMA (Education Maintenance Allowance) came out I was so excited – £20 a month! I appreciate everything that has happened. For me to have this career is life-changing for my family". Home is Kenya or New York – maybe Los Angeles, one day. "Everywhere is home. I am like a gypsy!" she says. She has not been back to Barking since she "blew up" – the family has all moved to Kenya, so there are no ties to east London left. "I only had one or two friends in sixth form anyway. I was bullied a lot at school. People were like – "she’s so shy, she’s so boring, I don’t want to talk to her. But – ha! – now look where I am. I see people's comments on Instagram, talking about how well I am doing. When I think about stuff like that I just think: "Thank you, God". [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Firth was encouraged by her mother to try out modeling, after watching an episode of "The Model Agency", which featured a documentary about the Premier Model Management. [6] (#cite_note-VogueUKMeetMalaika-6) [7] (#cite_note-WWDModelCall-7) Her mother called up the agency and arranged a meeting with them. [6] (#cite_note-VogueUKMeetMalaika-6) [7] (#cite_note-WWDModelCall-7) After attending an open-call casting, Firth was signed on the spot. [8] (#cite_note-Inoubliable-8) Beginning her modeling career at age 17, Firth soon began modeling internationally: She gave her runway-debut at the New York Fashion Week SS2012 for Odilon. She gained attention from the fashion industry after walking in the SS2014 Prada menswear show and starring in the Prada-fall 2013 campaign, which also featured Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) , Catherine McNeil (/wiki/Catherine_McNeil) , Cameron Russell (/wiki/Cameron_Russell) , Freja Beha Erichsen (/wiki/Freja_Beha_Erichsen) , Fei Fei Sun (/wiki/Fei_Fei_Sun) and Rachel Williams (/wiki/Rachel_Williams) and was shot by Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) . [7] (#cite_note-WWDModelCall-7) [9] (#cite_note-Models.com-Advertising-9) [10] (#cite_note-Models.com-Shows-10) With this feat, she became the first Black model in 19 years to score a Prada campaign. [4] (#cite_note-huffington-4) [11] (#cite_note-telegraph-11) [7] (#cite_note-WWDModelCall-7) The last Black model to book a Prada campaign was Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) for the fall 1994 campaign. [4] (#cite_note-huffington-4) [11] (#cite_note-telegraph-11) [7] (#cite_note-WWDModelCall-7) Meanwhile, Firth experienced her runway-breakthrough with the fashion week for the Spring/Summer 2014 collections, walking more than 40 shows, including shows from Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) among others. In November 2013, she debuted at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [10] (#cite_note-Models.com-Shows-10) For the Spring/Summer 2014 campaign season, Firth booked campaigns from Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) and Prada (/wiki/Prada) for the second-consecutive time. [9] (#cite_note-Models.com-Advertising-9) [12] (#cite_note-VogueUKBurberryCampaign-12) Personal life [ edit ] Firth is currently based in London. [8] (#cite_note-Inoubliable-8) If it was not for modeling, Firth would have tried out acting. [8] (#cite_note-Inoubliable-8) She acted in several amateur productions in Barking local theatre. [13] (#cite_note-VogueUKAlexander-13) Her grandmother runs a restaurant in Kenya. [11] (#cite_note-telegraph-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Malaika Firth - Model" (https://models.com/models/Malaika-Firth) . MODELS.com . Retrieved Feb 12, 2019 . ^ a b "Malaika Firth" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/malaika_firth/) . fashionmodeldirectory.com . FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) McCarthy, Lauren (Jul 9, 2013). "Model Call: Malaika Firth" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/model-call-malaika-firth-7045407/) . Retrieved Feb 12, 2019 . ^ a b c "5 Things You Need to Know About Prada's New Face" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/malaika-firth-prada-photos_n_3529674.html) . Huffingtonpost (/wiki/Huffingtonpost) . July 2013 . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cumming, Ed (Apr 5, 2015). "Malaika Firth: 'It's a frickin' roller coaster' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/apr/05/malaika-firth-interview-modelling-naomi-campbell-comparisons) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/apr/05/malaika-firth-interview-modelling-naomi-campbell-comparisons) . The Observer . Retrieved Feb 12, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com. ^ a b Milligan, Lauren (10 August 2011). "Meet Malaika" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/08/10/malaika-firth---model-one-to-watch) . Vogue.co.uk . Conde Nast Publications (/wiki/Conde_Nast_Publications) . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ a b c d e McCathy, Lauren (9 July 2013). "Model Call: Malaika Firth" (http://www.wwd.com/eye/fashion/model-call-malaika-firth-7045407?module=hp-eye) . WWD.com . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ a b c "Exclusive interview: Malaika Firth" (http://www.inoubliablemodelarmy.com/2013/08/exclusive-interview-malaika-firth.html) . InoubliableModelArmy.com . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ a b "Malaika Firth - advertising résumé" (http://models.com/models/Malaika-Firth/year/advertising) . Models.com . ^ a b "Malaika Firth - fashion show résumé" (http://models.com/models/Malaika-Firth/year/shows) . Models.com . ^ a b c "Malaika Firth: Prada's new Naomi Campbell" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10146400/Malaika-Firth-Pradas-new-Naomi-Campbell.html) . Telegraph.co.uk (/wiki/Telegraph.co.uk) . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-VogueUKBurberryCampaign_12-0) Milligan, Lauren (17 December 2013). "Two Vogue Favourites Become Burberry Girls" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/12/17/malaika-firth-burberry-campaign-jean-campbell) . Vogue.co.uk . Conde Nast Publications (/wiki/Conde_Nast_Publications) . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-VogueUKAlexander_13-0) Alexander, Ella (16 July 2013). "Even Prada Muses Get Star-Struck" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/07/16/malaika-firth-prada-model-interview---starstruck-by-jourdan-dunn) . vogue.co.uk . Conde Nast Publications (/wiki/Conde_Nast_Publications) . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malaika Firth (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malaika_Firth) . Malaika Firth (https://models.com/models/Malaika-Firth) on Models.com Malaika Firth (https://x.com/malaikafirth) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jkjrr Cached time: 20240720214009 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.432 seconds Real time usage: 0.582 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3026/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41502/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6311/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 54950/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9449968/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 542.921 1 -total 37.03% 201.043 1 Template:Infobox_model 28.51% 154.812 1 Template:Reflist 22.51% 122.238 12 Template:Cite_web 12.63% 68.598 1 Template:Short_description 8.49% 46.088 1 Template:Citation_needed 7.67% 41.652 1 Template:Infobox 7.32% 39.725 1 Template:Fix 7.16% 38.846 2 Template:Pagetype 7.12% 38.659 1 Template:Height Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41591588-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720214009 and revision id 1220622897. 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(Redirected from Joyalukkas (/w/index.php?title=Joyalukkas&redirect=no) ) Indian businessman This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joy_Alukkas&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Joy Alukkas Born Alukkas Varghese Joy ( 1956-10-29 ) 29 October 1956 (age 67) Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India Title Chairman of Joyalukkas Group Spouse Jolly Joy Children 3 Website https://www.joyalukkas.in/ (https://www.joyalukkas.in/) Joy Alukkas is an Indian businessman from Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) . He is the chairman and managing director of Joyalukkas Group. According to a 2023 Forbes report, he has a net worth of $4.4 billion. [1] (https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/meet-joy-alukkas-school-dropout-who-became-indias-richest-jeweler-101697284042988.html) [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] His father, Varghese Alukkas "A. J. Varghese" of the Alukkas family started the jewellery business by setting a store in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Later Varghese shared his business among his sons - Jos (/wiki/Jos_Alukkas_%26_Sons) , Francis, Joy Alukkas and Anto Alukkas. Joy Alukkas is concentrated in overseas business and started trading in gulf countries. Joy Alukkas' original name according to Malayali (/wiki/Malayalam) naming conventions was A. V. Joy. Career [ edit ] In 2001, Alukkas founded Joy Alukkas Jewellery. The group is based in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) and Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2007, he opened a Gold & Diamond jewellery showroom, [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) and a "Diamond Cave" in Chennai (/wiki/Chennai) , India. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2012, Joyalukkas was authorized to sell Forevermark (/wiki/Forevermark) branded diamonds from De Beers (/wiki/De_Beers) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Other businesses headed by Joy Alukkas include Mall of Joy, a shopping retail destination, Jolly Silks, a silk fashion label, Joyalukkas Exchange, a money exchange platform, and Joyalukkas Lifestyle Developers, a real estate company. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Jolly Silks was named after his wife, Jolly Joy. Philanthropy [ edit ] In May 2018, Joy Alukkas contributed to relief fund for victims of the Cyclone Ockhi (/wiki/Cyclone_Ockhi) . [7] (#cite_note-7) After the Kerala Floods (/wiki/2018_Kerala_floods) in September 2018, the Joyalukkas Foundation announced that it would build 250 houses for those who have lost their homes. [8] (#cite_note-8) 350 orphaned students were awarded the 'Joy of Hope' scholarship by Joyalukkas Foundation securing educational support for five years. Supported by a contribution from Alukkas. Plans for a Thrissur based old age home and palliative care center were also announced. [9] (#cite_note-9) Controversy [ edit ] In 2018, Income Tax Department (/wiki/Income_Tax_Department) Kochi (/wiki/Kochi) carried out an IT raid on over 130 showrooms and premises related to the group, and found tax evasion and unaccounted sales of gold jewellery (/wiki/Gold_jewellery) to the tune of ₹500 crore. [10] (#cite_note-10) In February 2023, the Income Tax Department (/wiki/Income_Tax_Department) confiscated assets worth ₹ (/wiki/%E2%82%B9) 305 crore (/wiki/Crore) of Joy Alukkas group as part of the raid on alleged black money transfers. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) ED has successfully resolved the case of financial transfer via Hawala (/wiki/Hawala) Channels from India to Dubai, Joy Alukkas, the Chairman of Joy Alukkas India Pvt Ltd, had assets valued at ₹305.84 crore attached by the Directorate of Enforcement (/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate) in February 2023. [14] (#cite_note-14) Bibliography [ edit ] Joy Alukkas. Spreading Joy: How Joyalukkas Became the World's Favourite Jeweller . HarperCollins India (/wiki/HarperCollins) (29 October 2023) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9356995260 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9356995260) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Awards and accolades [ edit ] Alukkas received ‘The Business Excellence Award 2016’ from Sheikh Nahyan Bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, UAE Minister of Culture, Youth and Social Development, organized by Indian Business Professionals Council (IBPC). (2016) [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Listed in Forbes Magazine in both their World's Billionaires (/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires) list as well as their India's Rich list. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) (2018) Best Indian Diamond Jewellery of the Year by Retail Jeweller Middle East innovation Awards (2019) [20] (#cite_note-20) Listed as the 69th richest Indian in Forbes India’s Richest List [21] (#cite_note-21) (2022) Joy Alukkas climbed to the position of richest jeweller in India with a rank of 50, his estimated net worth is $4.4 billion. [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Joy Alukkas" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/joy-alukkas/) . Forbes . Retrieved 12 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_2-0) "Joy Alukkas: The Midas touch" (http://www.forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/joy-alukkas-the-midas-touch/48809/1) . Forbes India . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) News - The Hindu - 4 March 2006 (https://web.archive.org/web/20080113170904/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/04/stories/2006030410711700.htm) ^ Jump up to: a b Govardan, D. (31 January 2007). "World's largest gold showroom to come up in Chennai" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/worlds-largest-gold-showroom-to-come-up-in-chennai/articleshow/1547336.cms) . The Economic Times . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) " (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/%27Diamond+Cave%27+at+Joyalukkas+outlet.-a0217266384) 'Diamond Cave' at Joyalukkas outlet. - Free Online Library" (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/%27Diamond+Cave%27+at+Joyalukkas+outlet.-a0217266384) . www.thefreelibrary.com . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Express News Service (2 October 2012). "Forevermark joins hands with Joyalukkas" (https://archive.today/20130129165504/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1282054.ece) . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original (http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article1282054.ece) on 29 January 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Staff Report. "UAE-based Joyalukkas Group donates Rs20m to Ockhi relief funds" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/local/joyalukkas-donates-20m-to-ockhi-relief-funds) . Khaleej Times . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Joyalukkas Group to build 250 houses for Kerala flood victims" (https://gulfnews.com/going-out/society/joyalukkas-group-to-build-250-houses-for-kerala-flood-victims-1.2278896) . gulfnews.com . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) P., Anuradha. "Joy Alukkas: Creating Joy in Business and Giving Back" (https://www.brutimes.com/news/business/joy-alukkas-creating-joy-in-business-and-giving-back) . Bru Times News . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "I-T dept sleuths swoop down on Joyalukkas showrooms, 'tax evasion' under scanner" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/income-tax-sleuths-conduct-raids-on-joyalukkas-jewellery/articleshow/62447557.cms) . The Times of India . 11 January 2018. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 26 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "ED attaches assets worth over ₹305 crore of Joyalukkas jewellery group" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ed-attaches-assets-worth-over-rs-305-crore-of-joyalukkas-jewellery-group-101677245196882.html) . Hindustan Times . 24 February 2023 . Retrieved 13 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Assets Worth Rs 305 Crore Of Jewellery Chain Joyalukkas Seized" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assets-worth-rs-305-crore-of-jewellery-chain-joyallukas-seized-3811488) . NDTV.com . Retrieved 13 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "ED attaches Rs 305-cr assets of Joyalukkas" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ed-attaches-over-rs-305-crore-worth-of-assets-of-joyalukkas-jewellery-group-on-hawala-charges-8465116/) . The Indian Express . 24 February 2023 . Retrieved 26 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Joy Alukkas ED Raid: Update" (https://www.brutimes.com/news/business/joy-alukkas-ed-raid-update) . Bru Times News . ^ (#cite_ref-15) " (https://gulfnews.com/uae/people/spreading-joy-uae-based-jeweller-joy-alukkas-launches-autobiography-at-sharjah-international-book-fair-1.99212977) 'Spreading Joy': UAE-based jeweller Joy Alukkas launches autobiography at Sharjah International Book Fair" (https://gulfnews.com/uae/people/spreading-joy-uae-based-jeweller-joy-alukkas-launches-autobiography-at-sharjah-international-book-fair-1.99212977) . gulfnews.com . Gulf News (/wiki/Gulf_News) . 5 November 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Lively Kajol wows fans at Joy Alukkas book launch" (https://www.gulftoday.ae/culture/2023/11/08/lively-kajol-wows-fans-at-joy-alukkas-book-launch) . www.gulftoday.ae . Gulf Today (/wiki/Gulf_Today) . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_17-0) "Joy Alukkas receives 'Business Excellence Award 2016' (http://emirates-business.ae/joy-alukkas-receives-business-excellence-award-2016/) " (http://emirates-business.ae/joy-alukkas-receives-business-excellence-award-2016/) . Emirates Business . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Abbas, Waheed. "14 billionaires in UAE own Dh171 billion in wealth" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/banking-finance/14-billionaires-in-uae-own-dh171-billion-in-wealth-) . Khaleej Times . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) John, Issac. "12 from UAE in Forbes world's super rich list" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/local/12-from-uae-in-forbes-worlds-super-rich-list) . Khaleej Times . Retrieved 27 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Joyalukkas gets best Indian Diamond Jewellery of the Year award | THE DAILY TRIBUNE | KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN" (https://www.newsofbahrain.com/business/58263.html) . DT News . Retrieved 18 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Joy Alukkas" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/joy-alukkas/) . Forbes . Retrieved 18 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "How Joy Alukkas Became India's Richest Jeweller" (https://www.forbesindia.com/article/billionaires/how-joy-alukkas-became-indias-richest-jeweller/92809/1) . Forbes India (/wiki/Forbes_India) . 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Digital_textile_printing) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Digital_textile_printing) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_textile_printing&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Digital_textile_printing) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Digital textile printing" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Digital+textile+printing%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Digital+textile+printing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Digital+textile+printing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Digital+textile+printing%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Digital+textile+printing%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Digital+textile+printing%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Digital textile printing is described as any ink jet (/wiki/Ink_jet) based method of printing colorants onto fabric. Most notably, digital textile printing is referred to when identifying either printing smaller designs onto garments (T-shirts, dresses, promotional wear; abbreviated as DTG, which stands for Direct to garment printing (/wiki/Direct_to_garment_printing) ) and printing larger designs onto large format rolls of textile. The latter is a growing trend in visual communication (/wiki/Visual_communication) , where advertisement and corporate branding is printed onto polyester media. Examples are: flags (/wiki/Flags) , banners (/wiki/Banners) , signs, retail graphics. Types of printing can be divided into: Direct Print Discharge Print Resist Print Pigment Print Reactive Print Acid print Disperse print Specialty Print Digital textile printing started in the late 1980s as a possible replacement for analog screen printing (/wiki/Screen_printing) . With the development of a dye-sublimation printer (/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printer) in the early 1990s, it became possible to print with low energy sublimation inks and high energy disperse direct inks directly onto textile media, as opposed to print dye-sublimation inks on a transfer paper and, in a separate process using a heat press (/wiki/Heat_press) , transfer it to the fabric. Within the digital textile printing for visual communication a division has to be made in: low-volume dye-sub printers (/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printer) ( e.g., ATPColor.it (https://www.atpcolor.it) , [1] (#cite_note-atpcolor-1) Roland (https://www.rolanddga.com) , [2] (#cite_note-roland-2) D-Gen (http://eng.dgen.com) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Mimaki (https://mimaki.com) , [4] (#cite_note-4) Mutoh (https://mutoh.com) [5] (#cite_note-5) ) mid-volume wide format printers (/wiki/Wide-format_printer) ( e.g., Atexco (http://www.atexco.com) , [6] (#cite_note-atexco-6) ATPColor.it (https://www.atpcolor.it) , [1] (#cite_note-atpcolor-1) Roland (https://www.rolanddga.com) , [2] (#cite_note-roland-2) Durst (https://durstus.com) , [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Hollanders Printing Systems (http://www.hollanders-ps.nl) , [9] (#cite_note-9) Vutek (https://www.efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/vutek-superwide-printers/) [10] (#cite_note-10) ) high-volume industrial printers (e.g., KERAjet (https://kerajet.com) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Atexco (http://www.atexco.com) , [6] (#cite_note-atexco-6) Reggiani (https://www.efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/reggiani-textile/reggiani-digital-industrial-printers/) , [12] (#cite_note-12) MS (https://www.msitaly.com) , [13] (#cite_note-13) Osiris , Stork (later SPGPrints) (https://www.spgprints.com/digital-textile-printing-machines) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Konica-Minolta (https://www.konicaminolta.com/inkjet/textile_printers/index.html) , Zimmer (https://www.zimmer-austria.com) [15] (#cite_note-15) ) Production requirements [ edit ] The ‘textile market’ comprises many different applications and requirements. The intended use of the fabric is the most important starting point to identify exactly what's needed to produce a specific end-product. A ‘textile’ product may vary from natural yarns (/wiki/Yarns) for garments, through to synthetic fibers for flags (/wiki/Flags) and banners (/wiki/Banners) . A textile product can be a wall mounted banner, a stand-alone pop-up banner, a beach flag, country flag or company flag. It can be a carpet (/wiki/Carpet) , back-lit frame, curtain (/wiki/Curtain) , room divider, building wrap, bed cover, a garment and much more. The predominant textile media used in visual communication is a polyester (/wiki/Polyester) based fabric. In the US, nylon (/wiki/Nylon) is often used for flags. In northern Europe, polyspun material has been the choice of fabric for traditional flag printing. In today's market, a woven or knitted polyester is the de facto standard . This differs from the predominant coated vinyl or pvc media used in the sign and display industry. The production process needs to fit requirements for the type of ink: high energy sublimation (also known as disperse direct), low energy sublimation (dye-sub), acid, reactive and pigment. In turn, the type of ink chemistry needs to fit requirements for the media (such as polyester, nylon, cotton, silk). Based on the media and ink combination, the choice comes for infra-red fixation, heat-press sublimation or steaming. The structure of the fabric also needs attention, for example whether it is woven, non-woven or knitted. Polyester fabric is printed mostly with dye-sub or disperse direct ink, although UV and solvent inks (including HP's latex formulation) can also be used. The great benefit of sublimation ink is the fact that the colorants will bond with the fibre during sublimation or fixation. The colours are ‘inside’ the media and don't stay within the coating (/wiki/Coating) and on top of the media, as it is the case with UV-curable formulations. Even latex inks on porous textiles can suffer from crocking issues or ‘rub-off’. Low energy sublimation ink is easier to print with, but has the disadvantage of colours fading faster; its UV resistance, or light-fastness, is less resistant than equivalents using high energy disperse direct ink. Dye-sub can also suffer from a ‘halo’ effect which results in less sharp images. The disperse direct ink is a ‘stronger’ ink than the dye-sub kind, and this is very important for outdoor use, such as for fence fabric, flags and banners: artwork will last longer. Another benefit of aqueous-based sublimation ink is the absence of hazardous components as found in UV-curable, solvent and, even, in latex inks. When executed properly, direct to media printing with disperse ink is achievable on uncoated fabrics and offers maximum print-through; this is essential in applications viewed from both sides, such as with flag printing. As such, products can be sold at a higher margin, with a ‘green’ label and with a higher quality. Other media and ink combinations cannot allow this. The biggest advantage of direct to media is drastically reduced waste. This method doesn't need printing on transfer paper (/wiki/Transfer_paper) first before calendering (/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)) (or heat-pressing) it onto the media. Waste is both an economical and an ecological factor in print production. Print speed doesn't account for much if a large portion is being thrown away as waste due to incompatibility of media, ink, treatment or lack of know-how. The qualities of the printed end product should fit the needs of the application. Longevity, fastness and hand properties are important. Post-processing is something to think about: is the printed material easily confectioned, applied or handled. Should it be washed or does it need a finish (e.g. fire retardant, water repellent). A washed textile no longer has coating or ink residues and will, therefore, have a better feel. Moreover, it will be less prone to stains and it will last longer. However, digital textile printing fabric will fade out with repeated washings, so it should be labeled as dry cleaning only, and the best way is washing by hand with cold water or using washing machine with gentle cycle and use mild detergent. [16] (#cite_note-16) An alternative which does not require expensive equipment and dyes is Inkjet Fabric Printing which uses a standard inkjet printer (e.g. HP, Epson, Canon, Lexmark) and specially treated, paper-backed fabric sheets. Inkjet fabric sheets are currently available in cotton, bamboo and silk on Amazon and other websites. The removable paper backing makes the fabric stiff enough to go through your inkjet printer. Once the ink is dry (1 hour to overnight for heavy ink coverage), simply remove the paper backing, follow the directions for a water dip to set the ink, let the fabric dry, and you are ready to sew. Economics [ edit ] As well as material concerns and application issues, economics come into play. Where the traditional textile print industry is accustomed to mass production with long-runs, the digital inkjet business mostly produces short-run non-textile products. This approach to digital textile printing is very different, and so is the expectation. Where sign-makers are familiar with a single process system, traditional textile printing is accustomed to several production steps. In the balance of the economics behind production needs, it is important to understand the entire production flow. An example lies with the choice of fixation equipment and the subsequent implication of energy and resource cost; for example, a steamer needs water and energy, and a calender needs to heat up and uses much energy and considerable amounts of paper. Additionally, the impact on business by legislation and requests from customers with regard to environmentally friendly products, are increasingly becoming a factor. Growth [ edit ] In 2015, the industry is valued at approximately US$7.5billion globally. The worldwide digital textile printing market for garment, home décor and industrial applications is experiencing strong growth of around 34% CAGR to 2019. [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ a b "atpcolor.it from google ( atpcolor textile printing ) result 1" (https://www.atpcolor.it) . ^ a b "rolanddga.com , rolanddg.com from google ( roland textile printing ) result 1 , 2" (http://rolanddga.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "eng.dgen.com from google ( d-gen textile printing ) result 1" (http://eng.dgen.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "mimaki.com from google ( mimaki textile printing ) result 1" (https://mimaki.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "mutoh.com from google ( mutoh textile printing ) result 1" (https://mutoh.com) . ^ a b "atexco.com from google ( atexco ) result 1" (http://www.atexco.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "durstus.com , durst-group.com from google ( durst textile printing ) result 1 , 2" (https://durstus.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Banner printing" (https://printaman.co.za/) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "hollanders-ps.nl from google ( hollanders textile printing ) result 1" (http://www.hollanders-ps.nl) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/vutek-superwide-printers/ from google ( vutek textile printing ) result 1" (https://www.efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/vutek-superwide-printers/) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "kerajet.com from google ( kerajet textile printing ) result 1" (https://kerajet.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/reggiani-textile/reggiani-digital-industrial-printers/ from efi.com from google ( reggiani renoir digital printer ) result 1 from 'Reggiani Renoir digital printers, we are capable of printing any design flag (state, foreign or custom) at 110 linear yards per hour with acid inks on nylon fabric or disperse inks on polyester fabric' in annin.com/south-boston-virginia/ from google (usa flag maker factory) result 1" (https://www.efi.com/products/inkjet-printing-and-proofing/reggiani-textile/reggiani-digital-industrial-printers/) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "msitaly.com from google ( ms textile printing ) result 1" (https://www.msitaly.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Digital textile printing machines – SPGPrints" (https://www.spgprints.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "zimmer-austria.com from google ( zimmer textile printing ) result 1" (https://www.zimmer-austria.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Frequently Asked Questions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150511111619/http://www.tech-style-lab.org/learn/faqs) . Archived from the original (http://www.tech-style-lab.org/learn/faqs) on May 11, 2015 . Retrieved April 25, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Digital Textile Printing Market to grow 34% in next four years" (http://banglaapparel.com/en/news/2015-09-06_17:31:26:0.385327001441539086.en.html) . BanglaApparel.com . 6 September 2015 . 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Thomas (/wiki/E._Thomas) Holland & Sherry (/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry) Larusmiani (/wiki/Larusmiani) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Piacenza (/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza) Reda (/wiki/Reda_(fabric_mill)) Scabal (/wiki/Scabal) Vitale Barberis Canonico (/wiki/Vitale_Barberis_Canonico) Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) Manufacturing industry Design (/wiki/Textile_design) Manufacturing (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) Performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) Preservation (/wiki/Textile_preservation) Recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Terminology (/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing) Related Dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) Fiber (/wiki/Fiber) History of textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of silk (/wiki/History_of_silk) Knitting (/wiki/Knitting) Pandy (/wiki/Fulling_mill) Shrinkage (/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)) Swatches and strike-offs (/wiki/Textile_sample) Synthetic fabric (/wiki/Synthetic_fabric) Weaving (/wiki/Weaving) Yarn (/wiki/Yarn) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐gxtv2 Cached time: 20240712171730 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.573 seconds Real time usage: 0.688 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 96271/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9435/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81085/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.398/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16757262/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 576.321 1 -total 28.84% 166.205 1 Template:Reflist 27.74% 159.887 3 Template:Ambox 26.91% 155.068 1 Template:Fabric 23.75% 136.873 7 Template:Transl 23.24% 133.931 15 Template:Cite_web 21.15% 121.879 1 Template:Textile_arts 20.83% 120.050 1 Template:Multiple_issues 20.75% 119.610 1 Template:Navbox 8.02% 46.235 1 Template:Original_research Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23161973-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712171730 and revision id 1225729034. 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American fashion label Puppets and Puppets Company type Private company (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Fashion Founded 2018 Founder Carly Mark (/wiki/Carly_Mark) and Ayla Argentina (/w/index.php?title=Ayla_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States of America (/wiki/United_States_of_America) Products Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) , Website www (https://www.puppetsandpuppets.com/) .puppetsandpuppets (https://www.puppetsandpuppets.com/) .com (https://www.puppetsandpuppets.com/) Puppets and Puppets is a New York (/wiki/New_York_City) based fashion label found in 2018 by Carly Mark (/wiki/Carly_Mark) and Ayla Argentina (/w/index.php?title=Ayla_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1) , but is now run solely by Mark. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-WP-2) In 2023, Mark was nominated for the Fashion Trust US St. John Knits award for ready-to-wear. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2024, Mark announced her plans to relocate to London, downsize her team, and exit ready-to-wear focusing solely on accessories. [4] (#cite_note-4) Work [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets began as a shared creative endeavor between Carly Mark (/wiki/Carly_Mark) and Ayla Argentina (/w/index.php?title=Ayla_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1) . Argentina did much of the sewing while Mark was the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) and publicist (/wiki/Publicist) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Story_Behind-5) For British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) Mark explained that the creative division of labor as, “My main focus is the show itself and I oversee the art direction and decide the theme of the collection. It’s 50/50 creative input, but Ayla has garment construction ideas and fashion history knowledge that I wouldn’t think of.” [6] (#cite_note-Vogue_UK-6) By 2023 it was noted in the Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) and Business of Fashion (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) that Argentina had left the label. [2] (#cite_note-WP-2) [7] (#cite_note-7) Name [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets' name derives from Mark's dog, a chihuahua (/wiki/Chihuahua_(dog)) mix named "Puppet." Both humorous and purposeful, Mark ironizes the weight of the word "puppet" in the fashion industry with the way models are treated and how trend followers act. [5] (#cite_note-The_Story_Behind-5) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Collections [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets fluctuates between streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) [5] (#cite_note-The_Story_Behind-5) and "theatrical and humorous creations" [6] (#cite_note-Vogue_UK-6) The label has been noted for its dramatic silhouettes, [11] (#cite_note-11) Grunge (/wiki/Grunge) aesthetics, [12] (#cite_note-WWD-12) use of recycled and reclaimed items, [13] (#cite_note-Document-13) food themed details, [14] (#cite_note-Paper1-14) and absurdist (/wiki/Absurdism) one-of-a-kind pieces. [15] (#cite_note-Dazed-15) For instance, one notable accessory is the Cookie Leather Top Handle Bag. The bag is a simple leather bag with a hyperrealistic chocolate chip cookie adorned on its center. [16] (#cite_note-16) The fashion critic Rachel Tashjian has noted the brand's ability to encapsulate the chic yet comfortable sophisticated women living in New York: "I saw a staffer at the Puppets and Puppets show who was dressed exactly as I see a lot of cool, sophisticated women dressing now. She looked thirty-something, and had on a very preppy slightly undersized Puppets crewneck sweater with a pair of satin leopard-print boardshorts trimmed with black lace, and very tasteful, Princess Diana-worthy almond-toe ballet flats. Very pulled together in this offbeat way, and a bit boyish." [17] (#cite_note-17) Harelquin [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets first collection was an anti- fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) showing of "wearable art pieces [which] mix a ’90s DIY aesthetic with over-the-top harlequinesque costume." [13] (#cite_note-Document-13) The collection featured approximately 35% salvaged materials, either from eBay (/wiki/EBay) , the Salvation Army (/wiki/Salvation_Army) , or from Marks previous sculpture and video work. [13] (#cite_note-Document-13) [18] (#cite_note-Office-18) American Psycho Meets the Romanoffs [ edit ] Inspired by Fabergé Eggs (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_Eggs) , the Romanoffs (/wiki/House_of_Romanov) , and American Psycho (/wiki/American_Psycho) , Puppets and puppets presented their collection at Prince George Ballroom (/w/index.php?title=Prince_George_Ballroom&action=edit&redlink=1) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) commented on the recurring image of eggs throughout the collection by saying it, "...was like stepping into a Salvador Dalí painting filled with shoes fashioned from egg cartons and little bralette nipple coverings made to look like sunny side-up yolks." [19] (#cite_note-19) The shoes fashioned out of egg crates evoked the saying "walking on eggshells." [15] (#cite_note-Dazed-15) Moebius [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets' fall 2020 collection was based on the sci-fi drawing of Jean Giraud (/wiki/Jean_Giraud) , also known as Moebius, specifically his storyboards of the failed adaptation of Dune (/wiki/Dune_(novel)#Adaptations) . [6] (#cite_note-Vogue_UK-6) Embellished with cookies and popcorn, [14] (#cite_note-Paper1-14) the clothing was less commercial than their last two collections, [20] (#cite_note-20) but was more focused on story, with each model picking their character and Puppets and Puppets specifically designing a costume for them. [21] (#cite_note-iD-21) Although none of the looks from these early collections were put into production, the trompe l'oeil (/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il) chocolate chip cookie handbag from this season was a commercial success for the line. [22] (#cite_note-22) It has become a signature item for Puppets and Puppets. New colorways and limited-edition variations are released regularly. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Silver, Jocelyn. 'American Psycho' Meets the Romanovs at Puppets and Puppets (https://www.papermag.com/puppets-and-puppets-eggs-nyfw-2640313449.html) . Paper Magazine (/wiki/Paper_Magazine) . September 11, 2019. ^ a b Judkis, Maura (2023-09-16). "Puppets and Puppets is Pulling our Strings" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2023/09/16/puppets-fashion-handbags-cookie/) . Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "John Galliano for Christian Dior Ready-to-Wear, Spring/Summer 1999" (https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474260428-fpa358) , Fashion Photography Archive , Bloomsbury, 2015 , retrieved 2023-02-11 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Testa, Jessica (2024-02-08). "A Rising Star in Fashion Who Sees No Future in New York" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/08/style/fashion-week-puppets-and-puppets-carly-mark.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-02-08 . ^ a b c Silver, Jocelyn. The Story Behind the Coolest Debut at New York Fashion Week (https://www.papermag.com/carly-mark-puppets-and-puppets-2630958841.html) . Paper Magazine (/wiki/Paper_Magazine) . March 11, 2019 ^ a b c Freeman, Liam. 5 Fresh Names To Know From New York Fashion Week (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/rising-stars-of-new-york-fashion-week) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . February 12, 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kennedy, Joan (2023-05-16). "Puppets and Puppets Look Beyond the Cookie Bag" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/entrepreneurship/puppets-and-puppets-looks-beyond-the-cookie-bag/) . Business of Fashion (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) . Retrieved 2023-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Inside the surrealist hygge world of Puppets and Puppets" (https://www.documentjournal.com/2020/04/inside-the-surrealist-hygge-world-of-puppets-and-puppets/) . Document Journal . 2020-04-10 . Retrieved 2020-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Puppets and Puppets Serves Up Joyfully Demented Fashion" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/puppets-and-puppets-new-york-fashion) . Interview Magazine . 2020-04-23 . Retrieved 2020-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) FWO (2022-09-12). "Puppets And Puppets SS23 Runway Show" (https://fashionweekonline.com/puppets-and-puppets-ss23-runway-show) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved 2023-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Sharma, Meara. The New Shape of Fashion (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/20/t-magazine/fashion-silhouettes.html) . New York Times Style Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Times_Style_Magazine) . Published February 20, 2020. Updated February 22, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_12-0) Sidell, Misty White. Puppets and Puppets, the Latest Label in New American Grunge Movement (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/puppets-and-puppets-the-latest-label-in-new-american-grunge-movement-1203006830/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . February 9, 2019. ^ a b c Silveria, Paige. Puppets and Puppets: fantastical costumes for a downtown fashion crowd (https://www.documentjournal.com/2019/02/puppets-and-puppets-carly-mark-ayla-argentina-nyfw/) . Document Journal (/wiki/Document_Journal) . February 12, 2019. ^ a b Silver, Jocelyn. Puppets and Puppets Is Serious, But Not Too Serious (https://www.papermag.com/puppets-and-puppets-nyfw-fall-2020-2645125537.html) . Paper Magazine (/wiki/Paper_Magazine) . February 12, 2020. ^ a b Bateman, Kristen. Puppets and Puppets is lighting up NYFW with its absurdist collections (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/45931/1/puppets-and-puppets-is-lighting-up-nyfw-with-its-absurdist-collections) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . September 10, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "31 Fashion Gifts on BAZAAR Editors' Wish Lists" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/g41925645/best-fashion-gifts-2022/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 2022-12-19 . Retrieved 2023-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "The Revenge of the Cocktail Dress" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a41210581/cocktail-dress-trend-ss23/) . Harper's BAZAAR . 2022-09-14 . Retrieved 2023-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-Office_18-0) Tilley, John Martin. American Psychos (http://officemagazine.net/american-psychos) . Office Magazine. October 5, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bobb, Brooke. Spring 2020 Ready-to-Wear: Puppets and Puppets (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2020-ready-to-wear/puppets-and-puppets) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . September 9, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Bobb, Brooke. Fall 2020 Ready-to-Wear: Puppets and Puppets (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2020-ready-to-wear/puppets-and-puppets) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) .February 11, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-iD_21-0) DeMarco, Nicole. Inside the sci-fi fantasy world of Puppets and Puppets (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/939dd7/inside-the-sci-fi-fantasy-world-of-puppets-and-puppets) . i-D (/wiki/I-D) . February 18, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Kennedy, Joan (May 16, 2023). "Puppets and Puppets Looks Beyond the Cookie Bag" (https://www.papermag.com/puppets-and-puppets-cookie-bag) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved November 2, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Puppets and Puppets official website (https://www.puppetsandpuppets.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65b65867f9‐sl69c Cached time: 20240716225221 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.356 seconds Real time usage: 0.539 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1731/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23845/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45859/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5465232/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 495.911 1 -total 37.43% 185.602 1 Template:Infobox_company 35.83% 177.683 1 Template:Reflist 34.66% 171.875 1 Template:Infobox 28.23% 140.001 8 Template:Cite_web 23.60% 117.030 1 Template:Short_description 12.88% 63.892 7 Template:Main_other 12.15% 60.258 1 Template:SDcat 8.09% 40.127 2 Template:Pagetype 2.00% 9.903 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63358018-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716225221 and revision id 1204989322. 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A display of Victorian Era Cosmetics Victorian-era cosmetics were cosmetic products used during the Victorian age (/wiki/Victorian_age) . Victorian cosmetics sometimes used toxic ingredients such as lead (/wiki/Lead) , mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) , arsenic (/wiki/Arsenic) , and ammonia (/wiki/Ammonia) . Many cosmetic products were aimed at achieving as pale a complexion as possible, as this would indicate a woman did not have to work outside, and was thus of high status. The two main styles were "natural", which conveyed that a woman was of good morals, and "painted", which was seen as somewhat provocative. [1] (#cite_note-Zarelli2015-1) Since commercially available cosmetics were not yet commonplace, women would often make their own products at home. Skin [ edit ] The use of excessive makeup (/wiki/Makeup) in the Victorian age (/wiki/Victorian_age) was viewed as promiscuous and would only be seen on performers or prostitutes. [2] (#cite_note-2) A pure, natural face, free from blemishes, freckles, or marks was considered beautiful. However, that didn't mean women did not secretly concoct their own remedies and cosmetics to enhance features and hide imperfections. Societal women did not want it known that they wore cosmetics so their beauty rituals were not publicized or discussed. One of the most important features to a woman in the Victorian Era was to have the most translucent, pale complexion possible. [3] (#cite_note-3) A fair and healthy complexion distinguished a woman's social status. A lady of a higher social standing would use accessories like gloves and umbrellas to help protect her from the environment. Cold cream - consisting of water, oil, emulsifier, and thickening agent - became a staple in the beauty rituals of Victorian women. It was believed that cold cream is beneficial for cleansing the skin and providing a moisturizing effect, and so the cream was essential to Victorian women who wanted to maintain very soft, delicate skin. Common skincare ingredients included rose water, glycerin and cucumber. These would be used to moisturize and improve the complexion. [4] (#cite_note-4) Women who employed the "painted" look used white paints and enamels on their faces and arms. This would mean avoiding exaggerated facial expressions, because the substances would crack. These substances were also corrosive to the skin because they contained lead, mercury, and arsenic so women would have to keep applying them to cover the damage. [1] (#cite_note-Zarelli2015-1) Cheeks and lips [ edit ] Rouge was used to help add color to cheeks and lips. While women were discouraged from wearing makeup, women found ways to improve their complexion with rouge. Natural ingredients, such as strawberries or herbs, were seen as providing a suitable colour, and thus preferred. Lip rouge was made from multiple ingredients such as animal fat, beet root, herbs, beetles and almonds, to produce a pink or red hue. [5] (#cite_note-5) Eyes [ edit ] Watery eyes were considered attractive because (paired with pale skin) they were associated with tuberculosis (/wiki/Tuberculosis) . To achieve this, women put drops of perfume, citrus, or belladonna in their eyes - the latter an ingredient which would cause blindness if used for long enough. Mercury was used to make eyebrows and eyelashes less sparse. [1] (#cite_note-Zarelli2015-1) Hair [ edit ] Edwards' "Harlene" for the hair advertisement High society Victorian women went for natural beauty in regards to cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) to appear pure and youthful. However, there was a need for hair treatments and products that sustained intricate hairstyles. For many cultures, women's hair is an expression of their femininity (/wiki/Femininity) , and Victorian women were of no exception. Many nineteenth-century photographs show women with extremely long hair. The length of the hair, in particular, was a display of a woman's health and was well taken care of. Both men and women used products to promote hair growth. Since the use of cosmetics on societal women was limited, hair was kept well groomed. Victorian women would braid their hair, use hair wigs, and apply heat to make tight curls. The Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) was a period in which it was more possible for women to focus on personal hygiene than it was in previous generations. [6] (#cite_note-6) Perfume [ edit ] Natural scents were considered to be appropriate, while more overwhelming smells were associated with promiscuity. Queen Victoria considered floral scents to be the most appropriate for women to wear. Perfumes often used flowers such as lavender, violet, and rose - with violet being among the most popular - as well as citrus scents, and were sometimes infused with herbs such as rosemary to enhance the scent. [7] (#cite_note-7) Perfume was typically used on clothing, hair and handkerchiefs as opposed to on the skin. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Zarrelli, Natalie. "The Poisonous Beauty Advice Columns of Victorian England (https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-poisonous-beauty-advice-columns-of-victorian-england) ," Atlas Obscura, December 15, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Marsh, Medeleine. Compacts and Cosmetics: Beauty from Victorian Times to the Present Day. Havertown: Remember When, 2009. Internet resource. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Beerbohm, Max. A Defence of Cosmetics. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co, 1922. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cosmetics for the Skin and Complexion. Part 4" (https://chestofbooks.com/reference/Encyclopedia-Of-Practical-Receipts-And-Processes/Cosmetics-for-the-Skin-and-Complexion-Part-4.html#.VarQ9vncB7y) . chestofbooks.com . Retrieved 2024-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Victorian Makeup Guide & Beauty History" (https://vintagedancer.com/victorian/victorian-makeup-beauty-guide/) . vintagedancer.com . Retrieved 2020-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Goodman, Ruth. How to Be a Victorian: A Dawn-to-Dusk Guide to Victorian Life. , 2014. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Victorians: from violet posies to va-va-voom" (https://perfumesociety.org/history/the-victorians-from-violet-posies-to-va-va-voom/) . The Perfume Society . Retrieved 2020-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_8-0) Matthews, Mimi Verfasser. (2018). A Victorian lady's guide to fashion and beauty . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5267-0504-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1099905836 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1099905836) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) v t e Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) ← Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) Edwardian era → (/wiki/Edwardian_era) Politics and diplomacy (/wiki/Political_and_diplomatic_history_of_the_Victorian_era) British Army (/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Victorian_Era) British empire (/wiki/British_Empire#Britain's_imperial_century_(1815–1914)) By location Ireland (/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)) London (/wiki/19th_century_London) Scotland (/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era#Late_18th_century_and_19th_century) Pax Britannia (/wiki/Pax_Britannia) Prime ministers The Viscount Melbourne (/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne) Sir Robert Peel (/wiki/Robert_Peel) Lord John Russell (/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell) The Earl of Derby (/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby) The Earl of Aberdeen (/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen) The Viscount Palmerston (/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston) Benjamin Disraeli (/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli) William Ewart Gladstone (/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone) The Marquess of Salisbury (/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury) The Earl of Rosebery (/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland) Economy, society and knowledge Demographics (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Victorian_era) Economy, industry, and trade (/wiki/Economy,_industry,_and_trade_of_the_Victorian_era) Mathematics, science, technology and engineering (/wiki/Mathematics,_science,_technology_and_engineering_of_the_Victorian_era) Society and culture (/wiki/Society_and_culture_of_the_Victorian_era) Cosmetics Erotica (/wiki/Victorian_erotica) Fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) Houses (/wiki/Victorian_house) Jewellery (/wiki/Victorian_jewellery) Masculinity (/wiki/Victorian_masculinity) Morality (/wiki/Victorian_morality) Painting (/wiki/Victorian_painting) Theatre (/wiki/Theatre_in_the_Victorian_era) Burlesque (/wiki/Victorian_burlesque) Women (/wiki/Women_in_the_Victorian_era) Bibliography (/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Victorian_era) Category (/wiki/Category:Victorian_era) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐bn5vl Cached time: 20240721140114 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.210 seconds Real time usage: 0.264 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 358/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18201/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 96/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25573/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.144/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3087671/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 220.265 1 -total 57.72% 127.128 1 Template:Reflist 45.37% 99.924 3 Template:Cite_web 42.25% 93.071 1 Template:Victorian_era 41.36% 91.110 1 Template:Navbox 4.54% 9.993 1 Template:Icon 2.56% 5.629 1 Template:Cite_book 0.72% 1.577 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60415478-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721140114 and revision id 1225493453. 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Headgear worn during horse racing This article is about the cap worn in horse racing. For the mintbush plant, see Prostanthera striatiflora (/wiki/Prostanthera_striatiflora) . A jockey's cap, worn over an equestrian helmet (/wiki/Equestrian_helmet) , at races in Dublin in 2014. A jockey's cap is the headgear (/wiki/Headgear) worn by a jockey (/wiki/Jockey) in the sport of horse racing (/wiki/Horse_racing) . The modern jockey's cap forms part of a jockey's "silks" or racing colours (/wiki/Jockey#Racing_colors) and is worn over a protective equestrian helmet (/wiki/Equestrian_helmet) . History [ edit ] The first form of jockey's cap appeared in the late 17th century and was generally made of velvet (/wiki/Velvet) with a peak or visor and a hatband fastened at the front with a buckle. [1] (#cite_note-Cumming_2010-1) This early style of cap is preserved in the "State Dress" of the musicians of the Household Cavalry (/wiki/Household_Cavalry) , who adopted it at the behest of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) . [2] (#cite_note-2) During the 19th century, a lighter version began to be worn by racing jockeys; [1] (#cite_note-Cumming_2010-1) it was made of silk in the colours representing the jockey's stable. [3] (#cite_note-3) Modern jockey's caps are made oversized so that they can be worn over a protective helmet. Gallery [ edit ] Bandsmen of the Household Cavalry (/wiki/Household_Cavalry) mounted band in state dress, wearing the traditional style of velvet jockey's cap. A British jockey with silk cap in 1862. American jockeys with caps in 1922. Modern jockey with head and eye protection. References [ edit ] ^ a b Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P.W. (2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History . Berg. p. 209. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1847885333 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Toffoli, Garry. "The Guards" (http://crht.ca/the-guards/) . crht.ca . Canadian Royal Heritage Trust . Retrieved 20 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Picken, Mary Brooks (1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern . Dover Publications Inc. 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American luxury jeweler and producer of Swiss timepieces Harry Winston, Inc. Company type Subsidiary Industry Jewelers, watchmaking Founded 1932 (Harry H. Winston Jewels, Inc.) 1936 (Harry Winston, Inc.) Founder Harry Winston (/wiki/Harry_Winston) Headquarters New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York , United States Key people Nayla Hayek (/wiki/Nayla_Hayek) , CEO [1] (#cite_note-1) Harry Winston, Founder Products Jewelry, watches Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) The Swatch Group (/wiki/The_Swatch_Group) Website harrywinston.com (http://www.harrywinston.com/) Harry Winston, Inc. is an American luxury jeweler and producer of Swiss timepieces. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-history-3) The company was founded in 1932 as Harry H. Winston Jewels, Inc. and changed its name to Harry Winston Inc. in January 1936. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) The company is named after its founder, Harry Winston (/wiki/Harry_Winston) , who was called by many as the "King of Diamonds". [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Harry Winston is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious jewelry manufacturers in the world. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) The company has its headquarters in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , and is a wholly owned subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) of the Swiss Swatch Group (/wiki/The_Swatch_Group) , which acquired it from the Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) -based Harry Winston Diamond Corporation (now known as ACDC (/wiki/Arctic_Canadian_Diamond_Company) ) in January 2013. [3] (#cite_note-history-3) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [15] (#cite_note-Reuters-15) History [ edit ] Early history [ edit ] Harry Winston's headquarters, 718 5th Avenue, New York City American jeweler Harry Winston (/wiki/Harry_Winston) opened his first store under name Harry H. Winston Jewels, Inc. in 1932. [3] (#cite_note-history-3) [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) In 1936, the company changed its name to Harry Winston Inc.. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Harry Winston was the first jeweler to loan diamonds to an actress for the Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) , in 1943; after dressing Best Actress nominee Jennifer Jones (/wiki/Jennifer_Jones) in his signature diamonds, Winston became popular with Hollywood celebrities. [16] (#cite_note-16) Recent development [ edit ] After the death of the company's founder, Harry Winston, the company went to his two sons, Ronald and Bruce, who then entered into a decade-long battle over the control of the company. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2000, Ronald, along with new business partner, Fenway Partners (/wiki/Fenway_Partners) , bought Bruce out from the company for $54.1 million. [18] (#cite_note-new-18) In 2010–2011, the company's sales were €246 million in total sales and €36 million in watches. [19] (#cite_note-Luxury-19) The company also got a new CEO, Frederic de Narp, formerly of the Cartier North America (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) . He succeeded Tom O'Neill. [20] (#cite_note-20) On January 14, 2013, Harry Winston, Inc. announced that it has entered into an agreement to sell its luxury brand diamond jewelry and timepiece division, Harry Winston Inc., to the Swiss Swatch Group (/wiki/The_Swatch_Group) . [3] (#cite_note-history-3) The transaction included the brand and all the activities related to jewelry and watches, including the 535 employees worldwide and the production company in Geneva, Switzerland (/wiki/Geneva,_Switzerland) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Boutiques [ edit ] Currently, there are Harry Winston retail stores in China (/wiki/China) , France (/wiki/France) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) , Macau (/wiki/Macau) , Monaco (/wiki/Monaco) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) , Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and United States (/wiki/United_States) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Noted acquisitions [ edit ] Harry Winston store at Ala Moana Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Further information on diamonds traded by the company: Harry Winston § Noted diamonds Winston owned (/wiki/Harry_Winston#Noted_diamonds_Winston_owned) The company bought the flawless blue diamond The Winston Blue (/wiki/The_Winston_Blue) on 15 May 2014. [23] (#cite_note-23) See also [ edit ] List of watch manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_watch_manufacturers) Manufacture d'horlogerie (/wiki/Manufacture_d%27horlogerie) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "It's Official, Nayla Hayek Becomes CEO Of Harry Winston" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2013/05/10/its-official-nayla-hayek-becomes-ceo-of-harry-winston/) . Forbes . 10 May 2013 . Retrieved 7 August 2013 . ^ a b "The "diamond king" now wears a Swiss crown – FHH Journal" (https://journal.hautehorlogerie.org/en/the-diamond-king-now-wears-a-swiss-crown/) . journal.hautehorlogerie.org . Retrieved 2019-03-25 . ^ a b c d "Harry Winston – History" (https://www.hautehorlogerie.org/en/brands/brand/s/harry-winston/) . www.hautehorlogerie.org . Fondation de la Haute Horlogerie . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ a b c "Company Overview of Harry Winston, Inc" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=682364) . www.bloomberg.com . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ a b c "Harry Winston - Swatch Group" (https://www.swatchgroup.com/en/companies-brands/watches-jewelry/harry-winston) . www.swatchgroup.com . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Three of a Kind: Larger-than-Life Diamonds" (https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/three-of-a-kind-larger-than-life-diamonds) . Sotheby's . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "5 minutes with… A Harry Winston wreath necklace | Christie's" (https://www.christies.com/features/5-minutes-with-a-Harry-Winston-wreath-necklace-8761-1.aspx) . www.christies.com . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Heritage, history and Mr Harry Winston" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/jewellery/harry-winston-bond-street/through-the-years/) . The Telegraph . 2016-11-17. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Meers, Carolyn (2017-12-08). "Harry Winston Unveils Revamped Flagship in Beverly Hills" (https://robbreport.com/style/jewelry/diamonds-harry-winston-unveils-new-flagship-beverly-hills-2766027/) . Robb Report . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Harry Winston Most Prestigious Jeweler" (https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/harry-winston-most-prestigious-jeweler/) . JCK . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Harry Winston Diamond Corporation: Exhibit 4 - Prepared by TNT Filings Inc" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/841071/000120445908000974/hwd050708exh4.htm) . www.sec.gov . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Thorp, Clare (2017-11-30). "Why Harry Winston fine jewellery is a timeless gift" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/jewellery/harry-winston-bond-street/fine-jewellery-is-a-timeless-gift/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Presse, Agence France. "This Flawless 101-Carat Diamond Just Sold For $26.7 Million" (https://www.businessinsider.com/harry-winston-buys-26-million-diamond-2013-5) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Harry Winston - Jewelry Artists - Artist Biographies - Macklowe Gallery" (http://www.macklowegallery.com/education.asp/art+nouveau/Artist+Biographies/antiques/Jewelry+Artists/education/Harry+Winston/id/116) . www.macklowegallery.com . Retrieved 2019-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-Reuters_15-0) Koltrowitz, Silke. "Swatch Group acquires Harry Winston for $750 million" (http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-swatch-harry-winston-idUKBRE90D08M20130114) . Reuters UK . Retrieved 14 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "How Movie Stars Pick Oscars Jewelry For The Red Carpet" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/janelee/2011/02/25/harry-winston-reveals-how-oscars-jewelry-makes-it-to-the-red-carpet/) . Forbes . 25 February 2011 . Retrieved 7 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Burleigh, Nina. "The Trouble with Harry Winston" (http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/bizfinance/biz/features/1028/) . www.nymag.com . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-new_18-0) Pristin, Terry (22 December 2000). "New Partners Hope to Expand Harry Winston" (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/22/nyregion/new-partners-hope-to-expand-harry-winston.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Luxury_19-0) Chevalier, Michel (2012). Luxury Brand Management . Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-17176-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Harry Winston" (http://fr.worldtempus.com/article/insider/harry-winston-nouveau-ceo-327168) . www.worldtempus.com . WorldTempus. 14 December 2009 . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "acquires the jewelry and watch brand Harry Winston Inc" (http://www.swatchgroup.com/en/services/archive/2013/swatch_group_acquires_the_jewelry_and_watch_brand_harry_winston_inc) . Swatch Group. 2013-01-14 . Retrieved 2014-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Find a Nearby Harry Winston Salon" (https://www.harrywinston.com/en/locations#salon-locator_g=true&salon-locator_location%20type=Harry%20Winston%20Salon) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Harry Winston Renames World's Largest Flawless Vivid Blue Diamond, 'The Winston Blue" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2014/05/15/harry-winston-renames-worlds-largest-flawless-vivid-blue-diamond-the-winston-blue/) . Forbes . Retrieved 16 May 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harry Winston (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harry_Winston) . New York Times article on Harry Winston Paris store heist (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/14/fashion/14heist.html) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐mv25j Cached time: 20240722165637 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.407 seconds Real time usage: 0.569 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2217/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48196/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1988/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 87496/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.249/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6196882/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 513.890 1 -total 37.73% 193.882 1 Template:Reflist 29.32% 150.693 20 Template:Cite_web 25.69% 132.004 1 Template:Short_description 18.33% 94.200 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.41% 84.305 1 Template:Infobox 16.24% 83.478 6 Template:Main_other 15.73% 80.824 1 Template:SDcat 8.61% 44.261 1 Template:Commons_category 8.15% 41.884 1 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25885418-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165637 and revision id 1197123576. 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American fashion designer Azéde Jean-Pierre is a Haitian-American [1] (#cite_note-Sternlicht-1) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography [ edit ] Jean-Pierre was born in Pestel (/wiki/Pestel,_Grand%27Anse) , Haiti and emigrated to the United States at the age of six, where she grew up in Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) and attended Savannah College of Art and Design (/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design) . [1] (#cite_note-Sternlicht-1) [2] (#cite_note-NAN-2) Career [ edit ] Jean-Pierre debuted her line in 2012. [3] (#cite_note-3) She is most-known for designing outfits for Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) and for her Essence Magazine (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) cover. [4] (#cite_note-4) Jean-Pierre has also had designs worn by Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) , and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2016, Jean-Pierre has appeared in the Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) . [2] (#cite_note-NAN-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Sternlicht, Alexandra, ed. (31 July 2018). "Haitian-American Designer-Philanthropist: How Azede Jean-Pierre Succeeds Through Hybridization" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2018/07/31/haitian-american-designer-philanthropist-how-azede-jean-pierre-succeeds-through-hybridization/#44feeffb4610) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 21 August 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Staff, ed. (20 May 2016). "Forbes' 30 under 30 Caribbean" (http://www.newsamericasnow.com/forbes-30-under-30-caribbean/) . News Americas Now . Retrieved 17 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Staff (ed.). "2016 30 Under 30: Art & Style" (https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mkl45eklfg/azede-jean-pierre-27/#255a40277873) . Forbes . Retrieved 17 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vaughn, Kenya, ed. (12 November 2015). "Saint Louis Fashion Week's extreme makeover" (http://www.stlamerican.com/entertainment/living_it/saint-louis-fashion-week-s-extreme-makeover/article_adb31d54-88ef-11e5-ad11-0f844419fcd5.html) . St. Louis American . Retrieved 17 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Emmack, Isabella, ed. (15 July 2016). "Generation Next: The Challengers, The Game Changers, The Disruptors, and The Rebels" (http://www.elleuk.com/life-and-culture/culture/longform/a31175/generation-next-2016/) . ELLE . Retrieved 17 February 2017 . This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Az%C3%A9de_Jean-Pierre&action=edit) . v t e This article about an artist from the United States is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Museum_of_Farnese_Garments) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Museum of Farnese Garments" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Museum+of+Farnese+Garments%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fashion museum in Gradoli , Viterbo Museum of Farnese Garments Established December 1998 Location Gradoli (/wiki/Gradoli) , Viterbo (/wiki/Viterbo) Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 42°38′39″N 11°51′22″E / 42.6441°N 11.8561°E / 42.6441; 11.8561 Type Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) First room Male cloth with hat Armor The Museum of Farnese Garments is on the third and fourth floor of Palazzo Farnese (/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Farnese_(Gradoli)&action=edit&redlink=1) in Gradoli (/wiki/Gradoli) , Viterbo (/wiki/Viterbo) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) . It was inaugurated in December 1998. [1] (#cite_note-1) The Museum (/wiki/Museum) is divided into different rooms, where there are large reproductions of clothes of both the nobility and commoners, including underwear, accessories, weapons, armors and jewelry of the Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) . The clothes have been recreated by observation of frescoes, painting and prints of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Exhibition [ edit ] First room (Loggione) [ edit ] Inside the first room, called "Loggione", clothes for ceremonies male and female of the 1400 are displayed. There is French (/wiki/France) style in these garments. This room is called "Loggione" because it was a balcony during the age of Farnese (/wiki/House_of_Farnese) ; in fact the frescoes in this room show the landscapes outside the palace. Second room (Underwear and accessories) [ edit ] There is one inner section underwear and accessories: underwear, gloves, hats, socks, shoes and many other accessories for both man and women. Third room (Weapons and armors) [ edit ] This is the armory and Monochrome frescoes. The hall decorated with monochrome frescoes depicting naval and land battles show. It has armors and clothes of the 16th century. Inside this room there is watch a video on costume, fashion and everyday life of the Renaissance. Fourth room [ edit ] In this room there are a lot of clothes of the 16th century with a Spanish (/wiki/Spain) style coming from Bourbon (/wiki/House_of_Bourbon) domination in Italy (/wiki/Italy) . The clothes used came from the textile centres of Florence (/wiki/Florence) and Venice (/wiki/Venice) . These clothes ore: velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , damask, brocade (/wiki/Brocade) and silk (/wiki/Silk) . In the center of the room is Pope Paolo III (Alessandro Farnese) with the cope embroidered with golden lilies. Fifth room [ edit ] In this room there is an original loom of the end of the 1800 and several tools for the manufacture of wool and hemp such as spindles, bobbins, carding combs and scutch ammaccatoi. There is also the exposition pitchers, baskets, old irons and colander for pasta and ricotta. Sixth room (Wedding hall) [ edit ] The sixth room has a reproduction of the scene of the marriage of Ottavio Farnese (/wiki/Ottavio_Farnese) and Margaret of Austria (/wiki/Margaret_of_Parma) . Multimedia hall [ edit ] In this room people can watch multimedia and interactive videos with educational games and a virtual tour of the museum. There are also classrooms and laboratories for the creation of art workshops in painting on fabric and Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) fresco. Gallery [ edit ] Fresco on first room Female dress on first room Female dress on first room Child's cloth Child's bed Monochrome third room Swords on third room Males cloth on third room Female dress on fourth room Female dress on fourth room Male cloth fourth romom Female dress fourth room Female dress fourth room Cloth of Pope Paolo III fourth room Bishop's cloth on fourth room Male cloth fourth room Female dress fourth room Female dress fourth room Female and male clothes fourth room Loom tools for the manufacture of wool and hemp Riproduction scene of marriage sixth room Female dress sixth room Multimedial room References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Opening date" (http://www.comune.gradoli.vt.it/index.php?T1=18) . Comune.gradoli.vt.it. 2007-01-15 . Retrieved 2012-05-31 . 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Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design Former names Margrethe-Skolen Established 1931 Head Christina Beckman Location Copenhagen , Denmark 55°40′45″N 12°34′51″E / 55.6791°N 12.5809°E / 55.6791; 12.5809 Affiliations University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) Website safd (https://safd.dk/) .dk (https://safd.dk/) Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design , often abbreviated to SAFD , is a fashion design school in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark. It offers a full-time three-year fashion design education, and a variety of short and summer courses. It was formerly known as Margrethe-Skolen. History [ edit ] The Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (former Margrethe-Skolen) was founded by Margrethe Glad in 1931 [1] (#cite_note-1) and is named after the school's patroness Princess Margrethe of Bourbon-Parma (/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Denmark) . The reason for SAFD's success was partly thanks to Margrethe Glad (/wiki/Grethe_Glad) 's effective social network and her travels to Paris (/wiki/Paris) . She first went there to renew her wardrobe, returning later to buy models for manufacturing in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) . In addition, her language knowledge and pedagogical skills helped her along. In the period when the school was established, interest in courses on textiles was high even at the existing schools but SAFD's education in cutting and sewing elegant fashion designs with an international flavor was something quite new. Similarly, the study tours to Paris she arranged for the school's students were unusual at the time. In 1937, Margrethe Glad moved to Frederiksholms Canal (/wiki/Frederiksholms_Canal) , where SAFD was firmly established in the premises near the beach, and the students learned pattern cutting (/wiki/Pattern_cutting) , sewing (/wiki/Sewing) and draping (/wiki/Drapery) based on French haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) tailoring (/wiki/Tailoring) . After a few years, Margrethe Glad retired from the school, and in 1945, SAFD moved to Badstuestræde (/wiki/Badstuestr%C3%A6de) led by Inga Madsen, who died in 2008. Thereafter Christina Beckman became director of the school. From 1953 the school was located on Østergade, but in 2012 it moved back to larger and newer facilities in Badstuestræde (/wiki/Badstuestr%C3%A6de) . The school officially changed its name in 2017 when Margrethe-Skolen became Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (SAFD). SAFD is located in the heart of Copenhagen and has, for more than 85 years, trained many of the leading designers, stylists and business people in the Danish and international world of fashion. Today it is internationally known and respected, according to Createur Erik Mortensen (/wiki/Erik_Mortensen) : “Not only having interpreted and taught about fashion, but also having insisted on inspiring students to discover the heart of all forms of creativity, fashion and aesthetics. The school has maintained an admirable level of prestige which is too high for those who intend to accept the easiest solutions.“ [2] (#cite_note-2) Graduates of SAFD have achieved great recognition and success both nationally and internationally. Amongst others, can be named: Margit Brandt (/wiki/Margit_Brandt) , Henriette Zobel, Susanne Rutzou, Bendikte Utzon, Princess Benedikte (/wiki/Princess_Benedikte_of_Denmark) , Rene Gurskov, Rikke Ruhwald and Bitte Kai Rand. Her Royal Highness Princess Benedikte of Denmark (/wiki/Princess_Benedikte_of_Denmark) is the school's protector and has established a fund from which the annual Benedikte Prize is awarded. It was an honour and a pleasure when the princess herself graduated from the school and she has kept close contact with the institution since that time. Mission and activities [ edit ] Copenhagen campus, student working SAFD's strength lies in its creative approach to education in design (/wiki/Design) . The positive, dynamic and creative atmosphere of the school stimulates the students to develop their personality, originality and individuality. This is a development which, through fundamental, factual and creative studies, endows the graduating student with an ability to realise design projects for industry, brands or their own production. Achieving this result demands exertion and stamina. Students have to endure hard work to gain the basic tools of the trade in order to create new forms and show originality in their designs. They must be clever enough in their sketching to give expression to both creative and technical drawings (/wiki/Technical_drawing) so that these can be used as guidelines in the process towards the optimal solution. Throughout the education, the students will be challenged to exceed their own limits, to create new forms, materials handling and color combinations. The goal is through craft skills to achieve innovative and new interpretations of what already exists. Through research and design process, the students gets a basic understanding of inspiration, shape and depth, elements which are essential to move forward in the design process. The aim is that the students should be able to combine their natural creative aspect of the art, so the issues that the business will make them can be solved in a highly professional manner. At the same time, it is the students duty to contribute to modern society with innovation (/wiki/Innovation) , quality (/wiki/Quality_(business)) and sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) . Networks and partnerships [ edit ] SAFD fashion show during Copenhagen Fashion Week SAFD is a member of the network organization Danish Fashion Institute (/wiki/Danish_Fashion_Institute) , [3] (#cite_note-3) which was founded by and for the Danish fashion industry. This means that members are helping to support the vision to strengthen the industry and get Danish fashion positioned internationally. It is also part of a strong network, where the best of Danish fashion are represented. SAFD is also member of Danish Fashion & Textile, [4] (#cite_note-4) also known as DM&T, has been the industry's natural point since 1895, and is today a modern industry and employer organization with insight into members’ daily lives and the challenges that the industry faces. Campus [ edit ] The main college building is in Badstuestræde 1, [5] (#cite_note-5) central Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Strøget (/wiki/Str%C3%B8get) which is the longest pedestrian shopping streets in Europe. [6] (#cite_note-6) Alumni [ edit ] Alumni of the college include: Margit Brandt (/wiki/Margit_Brandt) , fashion designer Susanne Rützou, fashion designer Princess Benedikte (/wiki/Princess_Benedikte_of_Denmark) , Princess of Denmark Princess Elisabeth (/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Denmark) , Princess of Denmark Lene Sand, fashion designer Benedikte Utzon, fashion designer References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design - Nordens førende mode- og designskole" (https://safd.dk/) . Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design (in Danish) . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "History - Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design" (https://safd.dk/en/history/) . Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About the organization | Danish Fashion Institute" (http://www.danishfashioninstitute.dk/en/node/719) . www.danishfashioninstitute.dk . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Medlemmer af Dansk Mode & Textil" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170308223903/http://www.dmogt.dk/bliv-medlem/medlemmer) . www.dmogt.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original (http://www.dmogt.dk/bliv-medlem/medlemmer) on 2017-03-08 . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Contact - Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design" (https://safd.dk/en/contact) . Scandinavian Academy of Fashion Design . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kellahan, Kristie. "Street smart: Stroget, Copenhagen" (http://www.traveller.com.au/street-smart-stroget-copenhagen-fb3r) . Traveller . Retrieved 2017-03-08 . 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